[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":163634},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained":3,"nav-reference":1834},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":1827,"extension":1828,"meta":1829,"navigation":833,"path":1830,"seo":1831,"stem":1832,"__hash__":1833},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained.md","Python any() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":1805},"minimark",[9,13,26,29,48,59,130,140,145,150,153,170,173,184,198,202,205,222,227,230,242,245,343,346,369,376,380,390,407,410,450,453,456,520,522,539,542,570,572,580,595,599,602,641,644,652,655,672,681,684,727,729,737,742,746,754,757,786,789,792,879,881,889,896,920,931,934,1018,1020,1028,1035,1039,1045,1061,1063,1071,1074,1080,1083,1131,1133,1150,1154,1159,1170,1173,1290,1293,1353,1359,1363,1368,1373,1376,1395,1401,1404,1423,1427,1436,1464,1466,1474,1482,1486,1492,1515,1517,1525,1532,1536,1539,1591,1594,1645,1648,1652,1656,1664,1668,1675,1679,1687,1691,1694,1716,1718,1768,1772,1801],[10,11,5],"h1",{"id":12},"python-any-function-explained",[14,15,16,20,21,25],"p",{},[17,18,19],"code",{},"any()"," is a built-in Python function that checks an iterable and tells you whether ",[22,23,24],"strong",{},"at least one item is truthy",".",[14,27,28],{},"You will usually use it with values like:",[30,31,32,36,39,42,45],"ul",{},[33,34,35],"li",{},"lists",[33,37,38],{},"tuples",[33,40,41],{},"sets",[33,43,44],{},"strings",[33,46,47],{},"generator expressions",[14,49,50,51,54,55,58],{},"It is useful when you want a quick ",[17,52,53],{},"True"," or ",[17,56,57],{},"False"," answer without writing a full loop.",[60,61,66],"pre",{"className":62,"code":63,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"language-python shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter github-light github-dark","values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))  # True\n","python","",[17,67,68,104],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,70,73,77,81,85,89,92,96,98,101],"span",{"class":71,"line":72},"line",1,[69,74,76],{"class":75},"su5hD","values ",[69,78,80],{"class":79},"smGrS","=",[69,82,84],{"class":83},"sP7_E"," [",[69,86,88],{"class":87},"srdBf","0",[69,90,91],{"class":83},",",[69,93,95],{"class":94},"sjJ54"," ''",[69,97,91],{"class":83},[69,99,100],{"class":87}," 5",[69,102,103],{"class":83},"]\n",[69,105,107,111,114,117,119,123,126],{"class":71,"line":106},2,[69,108,110],{"class":109},"sptTA","print",[69,112,113],{"class":83},"(",[69,115,116],{"class":109},"any",[69,118,113],{"class":83},[69,120,122],{"class":121},"slqww","values",[69,124,125],{"class":83},"))",[69,127,129],{"class":128},"sutJx","  # True\n",[14,131,132,133,136,137,139],{},"Use ",[17,134,135],{},"any(iterable)"," when you want ",[17,138,53],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy.",[141,142,144],"h2",{"id":143},"what-any-does","What any() does",[14,146,147,149],{},[17,148,19],{}," checks an iterable such as a list, tuple, set, or generator.",[14,151,152],{},"It returns:",[30,154,155,160,165],{},[33,156,157,159],{},[17,158,53],{}," if at least one item is truthy",[33,161,162,164],{},[17,163,57],{}," if all items are falsy",[33,166,167,169],{},[17,168,57],{}," if the iterable is empty",[14,171,172],{},"This makes it a good choice for simple checks like:",[30,174,175,178,181],{},[33,176,177],{},"\"Does this list contain at least one real value?\"",[33,179,180],{},"\"Does any number match this condition?\"",[33,182,183],{},"\"Is there at least one non-empty string?\"",[14,185,186,187,190,191,25],{},"If you want the opposite behavior, where ",[22,188,189],{},"every"," item must be truthy, see ",[192,193,195],"a",{"href":194},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained\u002F",[17,196,197],{},"all()",[141,199,201],{"id":200},"syntax","Syntax",[14,203,204],{},"The syntax is simple:",[60,206,208],{"className":62,"code":207,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"any(iterable)\n",[17,209,210],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,211,212,214,216,219],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,213,116],{"class":109},[69,215,113],{"class":83},[69,217,218],{"class":121},"iterable",[69,220,221],{"class":83},")\n",[14,223,224,225,25],{},"The argument must be an ",[22,226,218],{},[14,228,229],{},"Common inputs include:",[30,231,232,234,236,238,240],{},[33,233,35],{},[33,235,38],{},[33,237,41],{},[33,239,44],{},[33,241,47],{},[14,243,244],{},"For example:",[60,246,248],{"className":62,"code":247,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(any([0, 0, 1]))\nprint(any((False, False)))\nprint(any({0, 2}))\nprint(any(\"hello\"))\n",[17,249,250,276,298,320],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,251,252,254,256,258,261,263,265,268,270,273],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,253,110],{"class":109},[69,255,113],{"class":83},[69,257,116],{"class":109},[69,259,260],{"class":83},"([",[69,262,88],{"class":87},[69,264,91],{"class":83},[69,266,267],{"class":87}," 0",[69,269,91],{"class":83},[69,271,272],{"class":87}," 1",[69,274,275],{"class":83},"]))\n",[69,277,278,280,282,284,287,290,292,295],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,279,110],{"class":109},[69,281,113],{"class":83},[69,283,116],{"class":109},[69,285,286],{"class":83},"((",[69,288,57],{"class":289},"s39Yj",[69,291,91],{"class":83},[69,293,294],{"class":289}," False",[69,296,297],{"class":83},")))\n",[69,299,301,303,305,307,310,312,314,317],{"class":71,"line":300},3,[69,302,110],{"class":109},[69,304,113],{"class":83},[69,306,116],{"class":109},[69,308,309],{"class":83},"({",[69,311,88],{"class":87},[69,313,91],{"class":83},[69,315,316],{"class":87}," 2",[69,318,319],{"class":83},"}))\n",[69,321,323,325,327,329,331,334,338,340],{"class":71,"line":322},4,[69,324,110],{"class":109},[69,326,113],{"class":83},[69,328,116],{"class":109},[69,330,113],{"class":83},[69,332,333],{"class":94},"\"",[69,335,337],{"class":336},"s_sjI","hello",[69,339,333],{"class":94},[69,341,342],{"class":83},"))\n",[14,344,345],{},"Expected output:",[60,347,349],{"className":62,"code":348,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"True\nFalse\nTrue\nTrue\n",[17,350,351,356,361,365],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,352,353],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,354,355],{"class":289},"True\n",[69,357,358],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,359,360],{"class":289},"False\n",[69,362,363],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,364,355],{"class":289},[69,366,367],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,368,355],{"class":289},[14,370,371,372,25],{},"If you are not sure what an iterable is, read ",[192,373,375],{"href":374},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained\u002F","iterators and iterable objects explained",[141,377,379],{"id":378},"what-truthy-and-falsy-mean","What truthy and falsy mean",[14,381,382,383,54,386,389],{},"In Python, values are often treated as either ",[22,384,385],{},"truthy",[22,387,388],{},"falsy"," in conditions.",[30,391,392,400],{},[33,393,394,397,398],{},[22,395,396],{},"Truthy"," values act like ",[17,399,53],{},[33,401,402,397,405],{},[22,403,404],{},"Falsy",[17,406,57],{},[14,408,409],{},"Common falsy values include:",[30,411,412,416,420,425,430,435,440,445],{},[33,413,414],{},[17,415,57],{},[33,417,418],{},[17,419,88],{},[33,421,422],{},[17,423,424],{},"0.0",[33,426,427],{},[17,428,429],{},"''",[33,431,432],{},[17,433,434],{},"[]",[33,436,437],{},[17,438,439],{},"{}",[33,441,442],{},[17,443,444],{},"set()",[33,446,447],{},[17,448,449],{},"None",[14,451,452],{},"Most other values are truthy.",[14,454,455],{},"That means these values are truthy:",[60,457,459],{"className":62,"code":458,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(any([1]))\nprint(any(['hello']))\nprint(any([[1, 2, 3]]))\n",[17,460,461,476,495],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,462,463,465,467,469,471,474],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,464,110],{"class":109},[69,466,113],{"class":83},[69,468,116],{"class":109},[69,470,260],{"class":83},[69,472,473],{"class":87},"1",[69,475,275],{"class":83},[69,477,478,480,482,484,486,489,491,493],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,479,110],{"class":109},[69,481,113],{"class":83},[69,483,116],{"class":109},[69,485,260],{"class":83},[69,487,488],{"class":94},"'",[69,490,337],{"class":336},[69,492,488],{"class":94},[69,494,275],{"class":83},[69,496,497,499,501,503,506,508,510,512,514,517],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,498,110],{"class":109},[69,500,113],{"class":83},[69,502,116],{"class":109},[69,504,505],{"class":83},"([[",[69,507,473],{"class":87},[69,509,91],{"class":83},[69,511,316],{"class":87},[69,513,91],{"class":83},[69,515,516],{"class":87}," 3",[69,518,519],{"class":83},"]]))\n",[14,521,345],{},[60,523,525],{"className":62,"code":524,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"True\nTrue\nTrue\n",[17,526,527,531,535],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,528,529],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,530,355],{"class":289},[69,532,533],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,534,355],{"class":289},[69,536,537],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,538,355],{"class":289},[14,540,541],{},"And these are all falsy:",[60,543,545],{"className":62,"code":544,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(any([0, '', None]))\n",[17,546,547],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,548,549,551,553,555,557,559,561,563,565,568],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,550,110],{"class":109},[69,552,113],{"class":83},[69,554,116],{"class":109},[69,556,260],{"class":83},[69,558,88],{"class":87},[69,560,91],{"class":83},[69,562,95],{"class":94},[69,564,91],{"class":83},[69,566,567],{"class":289}," None",[69,569,275],{"class":83},[14,571,345],{},[60,573,574],{"className":62,"code":360,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,575,576],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,577,578],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,579,360],{"class":289},[14,581,582,583,587,588,25],{},"If you want to understand this more clearly, see ",[192,584,586],{"href":585},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false\u002F","Python booleans explained: true and false"," and ",[192,589,591,594],{"href":590},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained\u002F",[17,592,593],{},"bool()"," explained",[141,596,598],{"id":597},"basic-example","Basic example",[14,600,601],{},"Here is a simple example with one truthy value:",[60,603,605],{"className":62,"code":604,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))\n",[17,606,607,627],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,608,609,611,613,615,617,619,621,623,625],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,610,76],{"class":75},[69,612,80],{"class":79},[69,614,84],{"class":83},[69,616,88],{"class":87},[69,618,91],{"class":83},[69,620,95],{"class":94},[69,622,91],{"class":83},[69,624,100],{"class":87},[69,626,103],{"class":83},[69,628,629,631,633,635,637,639],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,630,110],{"class":109},[69,632,113],{"class":83},[69,634,116],{"class":109},[69,636,113],{"class":83},[69,638,122],{"class":121},[69,640,342],{"class":83},[14,642,643],{},"Output:",[60,645,646],{"className":62,"code":355,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,647,648],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,649,650],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,651,355],{"class":289},[14,653,654],{},"Why?",[30,656,657,662,666],{},[33,658,659,661],{},[17,660,88],{}," is falsy",[33,663,664,661],{},[17,665,429],{},[33,667,668,671],{},[17,669,670],{},"5"," is truthy",[14,673,674,675,678,679,25],{},"Since at least one item is truthy, ",[17,676,677],{},"any(values)"," returns ",[17,680,53],{},[14,682,683],{},"Now look at a list where every item is falsy:",[60,685,687],{"className":62,"code":686,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"values = [0, '', None, False]\nprint(any(values))\n",[17,688,689,713],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,690,691,693,695,697,699,701,703,705,707,709,711],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,692,76],{"class":75},[69,694,80],{"class":79},[69,696,84],{"class":83},[69,698,88],{"class":87},[69,700,91],{"class":83},[69,702,95],{"class":94},[69,704,91],{"class":83},[69,706,567],{"class":289},[69,708,91],{"class":83},[69,710,294],{"class":289},[69,712,103],{"class":83},[69,714,715,717,719,721,723,725],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,716,110],{"class":109},[69,718,113],{"class":83},[69,720,116],{"class":109},[69,722,113],{"class":83},[69,724,122],{"class":121},[69,726,342],{"class":83},[14,728,643],{},[60,730,731],{"className":62,"code":360,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,732,733],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,734,735],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,736,360],{"class":289},[14,738,739,740,25],{},"Here, none of the items are truthy, so the result is ",[17,741,57],{},[141,743,745],{"id":744},"using-any-with-conditions","Using any() with conditions",[14,747,748,750,751,25],{},[17,749,19],{}," is often used with a ",[22,752,753],{},"generator expression",[14,755,756],{},"This is a common pattern:",[60,758,760],{"className":62,"code":759,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"any(condition for item in items)\n",[17,761,762],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,763,764,766,768,771,775,778,781,784],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,765,116],{"class":109},[69,767,113],{"class":83},[69,769,770],{"class":121},"condition ",[69,772,774],{"class":773},"sVHd0","for",[69,776,777],{"class":121}," item ",[69,779,780],{"class":773},"in",[69,782,783],{"class":121}," items",[69,785,221],{"class":83},[14,787,788],{},"It is useful when you want to check whether any item matches a rule.",[14,790,791],{},"For example, to check whether any number is negative:",[60,793,795],{"className":62,"code":794,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [4, 7, -2, 10]\n\nresult = any(x \u003C 0 for x in numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[17,796,797,829,835,868],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,798,799,802,804,806,809,811,814,816,819,822,824,827],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,800,801],{"class":75},"numbers ",[69,803,80],{"class":79},[69,805,84],{"class":83},[69,807,808],{"class":87},"4",[69,810,91],{"class":83},[69,812,813],{"class":87}," 7",[69,815,91],{"class":83},[69,817,818],{"class":79}," -",[69,820,821],{"class":87},"2",[69,823,91],{"class":83},[69,825,826],{"class":87}," 10",[69,828,103],{"class":83},[69,830,831],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,832,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},true,"\n",[69,836,837,840,842,845,847,850,853,855,858,861,863,866],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,838,839],{"class":75},"result ",[69,841,80],{"class":79},[69,843,844],{"class":109}," any",[69,846,113],{"class":83},[69,848,849],{"class":121},"x ",[69,851,852],{"class":79},"\u003C",[69,854,267],{"class":87},[69,856,857],{"class":773}," for",[69,859,860],{"class":121}," x ",[69,862,780],{"class":773},[69,864,865],{"class":121}," numbers",[69,867,221],{"class":83},[69,869,870,872,874,877],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,871,110],{"class":109},[69,873,113],{"class":83},[69,875,876],{"class":121},"result",[69,878,221],{"class":83},[14,880,643],{},[60,882,883],{"className":62,"code":355,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,884,885],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,886,887],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,888,355],{"class":289},[14,890,891,892,895],{},"This works because ",[17,893,894],{},"x \u003C 0"," is checked for each number:",[30,897,898,906,913],{},[33,899,900,903,904],{},[17,901,902],{},"4 \u003C 0"," → ",[17,905,57],{},[33,907,908,903,911],{},[17,909,910],{},"7 \u003C 0",[17,912,57],{},[33,914,915,903,918],{},[17,916,917],{},"-2 \u003C 0",[17,919,53],{},[14,921,922,923,925,926,928,929,25],{},"As soon as Python finds one ",[17,924,53],{}," result, ",[17,927,19],{}," can return ",[17,930,53],{},[14,932,933],{},"Here is another example:",[60,935,937],{"className":62,"code":936,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = [\"apple\", \"\", \"banana\"]\n\nhas_empty_string = any(word == \"\" for word in words)\nprint(has_empty_string)\n",[17,938,939,972,976,1007],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,940,941,944,946,948,950,953,955,957,960,962,965,968,970],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,942,943],{"class":75},"words ",[69,945,80],{"class":79},[69,947,84],{"class":83},[69,949,333],{"class":94},[69,951,952],{"class":336},"apple",[69,954,333],{"class":94},[69,956,91],{"class":83},[69,958,959],{"class":94}," \"\"",[69,961,91],{"class":83},[69,963,964],{"class":94}," \"",[69,966,967],{"class":336},"banana",[69,969,333],{"class":94},[69,971,103],{"class":83},[69,973,974],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,975,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,977,978,981,983,985,987,990,993,995,997,1000,1002,1005],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,979,980],{"class":75},"has_empty_string ",[69,982,80],{"class":79},[69,984,844],{"class":109},[69,986,113],{"class":83},[69,988,989],{"class":121},"word ",[69,991,992],{"class":79},"==",[69,994,959],{"class":94},[69,996,857],{"class":773},[69,998,999],{"class":121}," word ",[69,1001,780],{"class":773},[69,1003,1004],{"class":121}," words",[69,1006,221],{"class":83},[69,1008,1009,1011,1013,1016],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,1010,110],{"class":109},[69,1012,113],{"class":83},[69,1014,1015],{"class":121},"has_empty_string",[69,1017,221],{"class":83},[14,1019,643],{},[60,1021,1022],{"className":62,"code":355,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,1023,1024],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,1025,1026],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,1027,355],{"class":289},[14,1029,1030,1031,25],{},"This style is often cleaner than writing a full loop for a simple match check. For related list-checking examples, see ",[192,1032,1034],{"href":1033},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-value-exists-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[141,1036,1038],{"id":1037},"empty-iterables","Empty iterables",[14,1040,1041,1042,1044],{},"An empty iterable returns ",[17,1043,57],{},":",[60,1046,1048],{"className":62,"code":1047,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(any([]))\n",[17,1049,1050],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,1051,1052,1054,1056,1058],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,1053,110],{"class":109},[69,1055,113],{"class":83},[69,1057,116],{"class":109},[69,1059,1060],{"class":83},"([]))\n",[14,1062,643],{},[60,1064,1065],{"className":62,"code":360,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,1066,1067],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,1068,1069],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,1070,360],{"class":289},[14,1072,1073],{},"This can surprise beginners.",[14,1075,1076,1077,1079],{},"The reason is simple: ",[17,1078,19],{}," looks for at least one truthy item. In an empty iterable, there are no items at all, so there is nothing truthy to find.",[14,1081,1082],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables:",[60,1084,1086],{"className":62,"code":1085,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(any(()))\nprint(any(\"\"))\nprint(any(set()))\n",[17,1087,1088,1099,1114],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,1089,1090,1092,1094,1096],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,1091,110],{"class":109},[69,1093,113],{"class":83},[69,1095,116],{"class":109},[69,1097,1098],{"class":83},"(()))\n",[69,1100,1101,1103,1105,1107,1109,1112],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,1102,110],{"class":109},[69,1104,113],{"class":83},[69,1106,116],{"class":109},[69,1108,113],{"class":83},[69,1110,1111],{"class":94},"\"\"",[69,1113,342],{"class":83},[69,1115,1116,1118,1120,1122,1124,1128],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,1117,110],{"class":109},[69,1119,113],{"class":83},[69,1121,116],{"class":109},[69,1123,113],{"class":83},[69,1125,1127],{"class":1126},"sZMiF","set",[69,1129,1130],{"class":83},"()))\n",[14,1132,643],{},[60,1134,1136],{"className":62,"code":1135,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"False\nFalse\nFalse\n",[17,1137,1138,1142,1146],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,1139,1140],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,1141,360],{"class":289},[69,1143,1144],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,1145,360],{"class":289},[69,1147,1148],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,1149,360],{"class":289},[141,1151,1153],{"id":1152},"when-to-use-any","When to use any()",[14,1155,132,1156,1158],{},[17,1157,19],{}," when you want to:",[30,1160,1161,1164,1167],{},[33,1162,1163],{},"check whether a list contains at least one matching value",[33,1165,1166],{},"simplify loops that only need one match",[33,1168,1169],{},"make condition checks shorter and easier to read",[14,1171,1172],{},"For example, instead of writing this:",[60,1174,1176],{"className":62,"code":1175,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\n\nfound_even = False\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        found_even = True\n        break\n\nprint(found_even)\n",[17,1177,1178,1203,1207,1217,1221,1236,1256,1267,1273,1278],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,1179,1180,1182,1184,1186,1188,1190,1192,1194,1196,1198,1201],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,1181,801],{"class":75},[69,1183,80],{"class":79},[69,1185,84],{"class":83},[69,1187,473],{"class":87},[69,1189,91],{"class":83},[69,1191,516],{"class":87},[69,1193,91],{"class":83},[69,1195,100],{"class":87},[69,1197,91],{"class":83},[69,1199,1200],{"class":87}," 8",[69,1202,103],{"class":83},[69,1204,1205],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,1206,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,1208,1209,1212,1214],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,1210,1211],{"class":75},"found_even ",[69,1213,80],{"class":79},[69,1215,1216],{"class":289}," False\n",[69,1218,1219],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,1220,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,1222,1224,1226,1229,1231,1233],{"class":71,"line":1223},5,[69,1225,774],{"class":773},[69,1227,1228],{"class":75}," number ",[69,1230,780],{"class":773},[69,1232,865],{"class":75},[69,1234,1235],{"class":83},":\n",[69,1237,1239,1242,1244,1247,1249,1252,1254],{"class":71,"line":1238},6,[69,1240,1241],{"class":773},"    if",[69,1243,1228],{"class":75},[69,1245,1246],{"class":79},"%",[69,1248,316],{"class":87},[69,1250,1251],{"class":79}," ==",[69,1253,267],{"class":87},[69,1255,1235],{"class":83},[69,1257,1259,1262,1264],{"class":71,"line":1258},7,[69,1260,1261],{"class":75},"        found_even ",[69,1263,80],{"class":79},[69,1265,1266],{"class":289}," True\n",[69,1268,1270],{"class":71,"line":1269},8,[69,1271,1272],{"class":773},"        break\n",[69,1274,1276],{"class":71,"line":1275},9,[69,1277,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,1279,1281,1283,1285,1288],{"class":71,"line":1280},10,[69,1282,110],{"class":109},[69,1284,113],{"class":83},[69,1286,1287],{"class":121},"found_even",[69,1289,221],{"class":83},[14,1291,1292],{},"You can write:",[60,1294,1296],{"className":62,"code":1295,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\nprint(any(number % 2 == 0 for number in numbers))\n",[17,1297,1298,1322],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,1299,1300,1302,1304,1306,1308,1310,1312,1314,1316,1318,1320],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,1301,801],{"class":75},[69,1303,80],{"class":79},[69,1305,84],{"class":83},[69,1307,473],{"class":87},[69,1309,91],{"class":83},[69,1311,516],{"class":87},[69,1313,91],{"class":83},[69,1315,100],{"class":87},[69,1317,91],{"class":83},[69,1319,1200],{"class":87},[69,1321,103],{"class":83},[69,1323,1324,1326,1328,1330,1332,1335,1337,1339,1341,1343,1345,1347,1349,1351],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,1325,110],{"class":109},[69,1327,113],{"class":83},[69,1329,116],{"class":109},[69,1331,113],{"class":83},[69,1333,1334],{"class":121},"number ",[69,1336,1246],{"class":79},[69,1338,316],{"class":87},[69,1340,1251],{"class":79},[69,1342,267],{"class":87},[69,1344,857],{"class":773},[69,1346,1228],{"class":121},[69,1348,780],{"class":773},[69,1350,865],{"class":121},[69,1352,342],{"class":83},[14,1354,1355,1356,1358],{},"Both work, but ",[17,1357,19],{}," is shorter and easier to read when you only need a yes-or-no answer.",[141,1360,1362],{"id":1361},"common-beginner-mistakes","Common beginner mistakes",[14,1364,1365,1366,25],{},"Here are some common mistakes with ",[17,1367,19],{},[1369,1370,1372],"h3",{"id":1371},"passing-a-single-number-instead-of-an-iterable","Passing a single number instead of an iterable",[14,1374,1375],{},"This is wrong:",[60,1377,1379],{"className":62,"code":1378,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(any(5))\n",[17,1380,1381],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,1382,1383,1385,1387,1389,1391,1393],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,1384,110],{"class":109},[69,1386,113],{"class":83},[69,1388,116],{"class":109},[69,1390,113],{"class":83},[69,1392,670],{"class":87},[69,1394,342],{"class":83},[14,1396,1397,1398,1400],{},"It causes an error because ",[17,1399,670],{}," is not iterable.",[14,1402,1403],{},"Use an iterable instead:",[60,1405,1407],{"className":62,"code":1406,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(any([5]))\n",[17,1408,1409],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,1410,1411,1413,1415,1417,1419,1421],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,1412,110],{"class":109},[69,1414,113],{"class":83},[69,1416,116],{"class":109},[69,1418,260],{"class":83},[69,1420,670],{"class":87},[69,1422,275],{"class":83},[1369,1424,1426],{"id":1425},"thinking-any-checks-whether-all-values-are-true","Thinking any() checks whether all values are True",[14,1428,1429,1431,1432,1435],{},[17,1430,19],{}," needs only ",[22,1433,1434],{},"one"," truthy item.",[60,1437,1439],{"className":62,"code":1438,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(any([False, False, True]))\n",[17,1440,1441],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,1442,1443,1445,1447,1449,1451,1453,1455,1457,1459,1462],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,1444,110],{"class":109},[69,1446,113],{"class":83},[69,1448,116],{"class":109},[69,1450,260],{"class":83},[69,1452,57],{"class":289},[69,1454,91],{"class":83},[69,1456,294],{"class":289},[69,1458,91],{"class":83},[69,1460,1461],{"class":289}," True",[69,1463,275],{"class":83},[14,1465,643],{},[60,1467,1468],{"className":62,"code":355,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,1469,1470],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,1471,1472],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,1473,355],{"class":289},[14,1475,1476,1477,1481],{},"If you need every item to be truthy, use ",[192,1478,1479],{"href":194},[17,1480,197],{}," instead.",[1369,1483,1485],{"id":1484},"forgetting-that-non-empty-strings-are-truthy","Forgetting that non-empty strings are truthy",[14,1487,1488,1489,25],{},"A non-empty string is truthy, even if it is not ",[17,1490,1491],{},"\"True\"",[60,1493,1495],{"className":62,"code":1494,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(any([\"False\"]))\n",[17,1496,1497],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,1498,1499,1501,1503,1505,1507,1509,1511,1513],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,1500,110],{"class":109},[69,1502,113],{"class":83},[69,1504,116],{"class":109},[69,1506,260],{"class":83},[69,1508,333],{"class":94},[69,1510,57],{"class":336},[69,1512,333],{"class":94},[69,1514,275],{"class":83},[14,1516,643],{},[60,1518,1519],{"className":62,"code":355,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,1520,1521],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,1522,1523],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,1524,355],{"class":289},[14,1526,1527,1528,1531],{},"That is because ",[17,1529,1530],{},"\"False\""," is a non-empty string.",[1369,1533,1535],{"id":1534},"using-a-list-comprehension-when-a-generator-expression-is-enough","Using a list comprehension when a generator expression is enough",[14,1537,1538],{},"This works:",[60,1540,1542],{"className":62,"code":1541,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any([x > 2 for x in numbers]))\n",[17,1543,1544,1564],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,1545,1546,1548,1550,1552,1554,1556,1558,1560,1562],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,1547,801],{"class":75},[69,1549,80],{"class":79},[69,1551,84],{"class":83},[69,1553,473],{"class":87},[69,1555,91],{"class":83},[69,1557,316],{"class":87},[69,1559,91],{"class":83},[69,1561,516],{"class":87},[69,1563,103],{"class":83},[69,1565,1566,1568,1570,1572,1574,1576,1579,1581,1583,1585,1587,1589],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,1567,110],{"class":109},[69,1569,113],{"class":83},[69,1571,116],{"class":109},[69,1573,260],{"class":83},[69,1575,849],{"class":121},[69,1577,1578],{"class":79},">",[69,1580,316],{"class":87},[69,1582,857],{"class":773},[69,1584,860],{"class":121},[69,1586,780],{"class":773},[69,1588,865],{"class":121},[69,1590,275],{"class":83},[14,1592,1593],{},"But this is usually better:",[60,1595,1597],{"className":62,"code":1596,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any(x > 2 for x in numbers))\n",[17,1598,1599,1619],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,1600,1601,1603,1605,1607,1609,1611,1613,1615,1617],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,1602,801],{"class":75},[69,1604,80],{"class":79},[69,1606,84],{"class":83},[69,1608,473],{"class":87},[69,1610,91],{"class":83},[69,1612,316],{"class":87},[69,1614,91],{"class":83},[69,1616,516],{"class":87},[69,1618,103],{"class":83},[69,1620,1621,1623,1625,1627,1629,1631,1633,1635,1637,1639,1641,1643],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,1622,110],{"class":109},[69,1624,113],{"class":83},[69,1626,116],{"class":109},[69,1628,113],{"class":83},[69,1630,849],{"class":121},[69,1632,1578],{"class":79},[69,1634,316],{"class":87},[69,1636,857],{"class":773},[69,1638,860],{"class":121},[69,1640,780],{"class":773},[69,1642,865],{"class":121},[69,1644,342],{"class":83},[14,1646,1647],{},"The second version avoids creating an unnecessary list.",[141,1649,1651],{"id":1650},"faq","FAQ",[1369,1653,1655],{"id":1654},"what-does-any-return-in-python","What does any() return in Python?",[14,1657,1658,1659,1661,1662,25],{},"It returns ",[17,1660,53],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy. Otherwise it returns ",[17,1663,57],{},[1369,1665,1667],{"id":1666},"what-happens-if-the-iterable-is-empty","What happens if the iterable is empty?",[14,1669,1670,678,1672,1674],{},[17,1671,19],{},[17,1673,57],{}," for an empty iterable.",[1369,1676,1678],{"id":1677},"what-is-the-difference-between-any-and-all","What is the difference between any() and all()?",[14,1680,1681,1683,1684,1686],{},[17,1682,19],{}," needs one truthy item. ",[17,1685,197],{}," needs every item to be truthy.",[1369,1688,1690],{"id":1689},"can-i-use-any-with-a-condition","Can I use any() with a condition?",[14,1692,1693],{},"Yes. A common pattern is:",[60,1695,1696],{"className":62,"code":759,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,1697,1698],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,1699,1700,1702,1704,1706,1708,1710,1712,1714],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,1701,116],{"class":109},[69,1703,113],{"class":83},[69,1705,770],{"class":121},[69,1707,774],{"class":773},[69,1709,777],{"class":121},[69,1711,780],{"class":773},[69,1713,783],{"class":121},[69,1715,221],{"class":83},[14,1717,244],{},[60,1719,1720],{"className":62,"code":1596,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,1721,1722,1742],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,1723,1724,1726,1728,1730,1732,1734,1736,1738,1740],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,1725,801],{"class":75},[69,1727,80],{"class":79},[69,1729,84],{"class":83},[69,1731,473],{"class":87},[69,1733,91],{"class":83},[69,1735,316],{"class":87},[69,1737,91],{"class":83},[69,1739,516],{"class":87},[69,1741,103],{"class":83},[69,1743,1744,1746,1748,1750,1752,1754,1756,1758,1760,1762,1764,1766],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,1745,110],{"class":109},[69,1747,113],{"class":83},[69,1749,116],{"class":109},[69,1751,113],{"class":83},[69,1753,849],{"class":121},[69,1755,1578],{"class":79},[69,1757,316],{"class":87},[69,1759,857],{"class":773},[69,1761,860],{"class":121},[69,1763,780],{"class":773},[69,1765,865],{"class":121},[69,1767,342],{"class":83},[141,1769,1771],{"id":1770},"see-also","See also",[30,1773,1774,1781,1785,1790,1795],{},[33,1775,1776],{},[192,1777,1778,1780],{"href":194},[17,1779,197],{}," function explained",[33,1782,1783],{},[192,1784,586],{"href":585},[33,1786,1787],{},[192,1788,1789],{"href":374},"Iterators and iterable objects explained",[33,1791,1792],{},[192,1793,1794],{"href":1033},"How to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[33,1796,1797],{},[192,1798,1799,1780],{"href":590},[17,1800,593],{},[1802,1803,1804],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":1806},[1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1820,1826],{"id":143,"depth":106,"text":144},{"id":200,"depth":106,"text":201},{"id":378,"depth":106,"text":379},{"id":597,"depth":106,"text":598},{"id":744,"depth":106,"text":745},{"id":1037,"depth":106,"text":1038},{"id":1152,"depth":106,"text":1153},{"id":1361,"depth":106,"text":1362,"children":1815},[1816,1817,1818,1819],{"id":1371,"depth":300,"text":1372},{"id":1425,"depth":300,"text":1426},{"id":1484,"depth":300,"text":1485},{"id":1534,"depth":300,"text":1535},{"id":1650,"depth":106,"text":1651,"children":1821},[1822,1823,1824,1825],{"id":1654,"depth":300,"text":1655},{"id":1666,"depth":300,"text":1667},{"id":1677,"depth":300,"text":1678},{"id":1689,"depth":300,"text":1690},{"id":1770,"depth":106,"text":1771},"Master python any function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.","md",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained",{"title":5,"description":1827},"reference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained","uL7-T2Lk2YfmN9VEO8KlebxCO6XTQT36wCuJPf1m2Jw",[1835,3433,5101,6600,8745,10950,12471,14649,16856,19316,21155,23721,25820,28102,30050,31961,33958,35398,37227,39752,41914,43143,44514,46162,48483,50327,52309,54003,55256,56950,58701,60673,62423,64523,65883,67834,69397,71388,73183,75083,77525,79603,82243,84272,86235,88423,90427,92740,94422,95867,97061,98239,100079,102519,104223,106238,107762,109007,110170,111552,113623,115520,117294,119160,121279,123019,124481,126075,127998,129675,131610,133099,135883,137460,139019,141047,142999,144462,145651,147537,148948,150644,152198,153620,155023,156921,159315,161146],{"id":1836,"title":1837,"body":1838,"description":3427,"extension":1828,"meta":3428,"navigation":833,"path":3429,"seo":3430,"stem":3431,"__hash__":3432},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained.md","Python abs() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":1839,"toc":3399},[1840,1843,1850,1853,1864,1867,1871,1936,1938,1958,1963,1967,1972,1975,1990,1993,2018,2021,2025,2028,2044,2047,2074,2077,2133,2135,2150,2160,2171,2175,2178,2232,2234,2254,2257,2280,2287,2291,2296,2302,2304,2342,2344,2353,2360,2377,2380,2392,2396,2401,2405,2408,2429,2431,2489,2491,2499,2502,2506,2538,2540,2548,2551,2555,2560,2608,2610,2618,2622,2682,2684,2692,2695,2699,2703,2706,2729,2738,2753,2803,2805,2820,2831,2835,2838,2865,2872,2876,2881,2921,2923,2934,2937,2980,2982,2990,2994,2999,3021,3023,3032,3041,3045,3050,3072,3074,3145,3147,3197,3200,3203,3206,3286,3288,3319,3321,3325,3328,3332,3335,3339,3342,3346,3358,3362,3365,3367,3396],[10,1841,1837],{"id":1842},"python-abs-function-explained",[14,1844,1845,1846,1849],{},"The ",[17,1847,1848],{},"abs()"," function returns the absolute value of a number.",[14,1851,1852],{},"Beginners usually use it when they want:",[30,1854,1855,1858,1861],{},[33,1856,1857],{},"a number without its negative sign",[33,1859,1860],{},"the distance between two numbers",[33,1862,1863],{},"the size of a value without caring whether it is positive or negative",[14,1865,1866],{},"It works with common Python number types such as integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[141,1868,1870],{"id":1869},"quick-example","Quick example",[60,1872,1874],{"className":62,"code":1873,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(abs(-7))\nprint(abs(3.5))\nprint(abs(-2+3j))\n",[17,1875,1876,1895,1910],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,1877,1878,1880,1882,1885,1887,1890,1893],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,1879,110],{"class":109},[69,1881,113],{"class":83},[69,1883,1884],{"class":109},"abs",[69,1886,113],{"class":83},[69,1888,1889],{"class":79},"-",[69,1891,1892],{"class":87},"7",[69,1894,342],{"class":83},[69,1896,1897,1899,1901,1903,1905,1908],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,1898,110],{"class":109},[69,1900,113],{"class":83},[69,1902,1884],{"class":109},[69,1904,113],{"class":83},[69,1906,1907],{"class":87},"3.5",[69,1909,342],{"class":83},[69,1911,1912,1914,1916,1918,1920,1922,1924,1927,1930,1934],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,1913,110],{"class":109},[69,1915,113],{"class":83},[69,1917,1884],{"class":109},[69,1919,113],{"class":83},[69,1921,1889],{"class":79},[69,1923,821],{"class":87},[69,1925,1926],{"class":79},"+",[69,1928,1929],{"class":87},"3",[69,1931,1933],{"class":1932},"sbsja","j",[69,1935,342],{"class":83},[14,1937,643],{},[60,1939,1941],{"className":62,"code":1940,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"7\n3.5\n3.605551275463989\n",[17,1942,1943,1948,1953],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,1944,1945],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,1946,1947],{"class":87},"7\n",[69,1949,1950],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,1951,1952],{"class":87},"3.5\n",[69,1954,1955],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,1956,1957],{"class":87},"3.605551275463989\n",[14,1959,132,1960,1962],{},[17,1961,1848],{}," to get the absolute value of a number. For complex numbers, it returns the magnitude.",[141,1964,1966],{"id":1965},"what-abs-does","What abs() does",[14,1968,1969,1971],{},[17,1970,1848],{}," returns the absolute value of a number.",[14,1973,1974],{},"That means:",[30,1976,1977,1980,1983],{},[33,1978,1979],{},"negative integers and floats become positive",[33,1981,1982],{},"positive numbers stay the same",[33,1984,1985,1987,1988],{},[17,1986,88],{}," stays ",[17,1989,88],{},[14,1991,1992],{},"Examples:",[30,1994,1995,2003,2011],{},[33,1996,1997,2000,2001],{},[17,1998,1999],{},"abs(-5)"," gives ",[17,2002,670],{},[33,2004,2005,2000,2008],{},[17,2006,2007],{},"abs(9)",[17,2009,2010],{},"9",[33,2012,2013,2000,2016],{},[17,2014,2015],{},"abs(0)",[17,2017,88],{},[14,2019,2020],{},"This is useful when you care about how large a number is, but not whether it is positive or negative.",[141,2022,2024],{"id":2023},"basic-syntax","Basic syntax",[14,2026,2027],{},"The syntax is:",[60,2029,2031],{"className":62,"code":2030,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"abs(x)\n",[17,2032,2033],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,2034,2035,2037,2039,2042],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,2036,1884],{"class":109},[69,2038,113],{"class":83},[69,2040,2041],{"class":121},"x",[69,2043,221],{"class":83},[14,2045,2046],{},"Here:",[30,2048,2049,2066,2071],{},[33,2050,2051,2053,2054,2057,2058,2061,2062,2065],{},[17,2052,2041],{}," is usually an ",[17,2055,2056],{},"int",", ",[17,2059,2060],{},"float",", or ",[17,2063,2064],{},"complex"," number",[33,2067,2068,2070],{},[17,2069,1848],{}," returns a new value",[33,2072,2073],{},"it does not change the original variable",[14,2075,2076],{},"Example:",[60,2078,2080],{"className":62,"code":2079,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"number = -12\nresult = abs(number)\n\nprint(number)\nprint(result)\n",[17,2081,2082,2093,2109,2113,2123],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,2083,2084,2086,2088,2090],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,2085,1334],{"class":75},[69,2087,80],{"class":79},[69,2089,818],{"class":79},[69,2091,2092],{"class":87},"12\n",[69,2094,2095,2097,2099,2102,2104,2107],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,2096,839],{"class":75},[69,2098,80],{"class":79},[69,2100,2101],{"class":109}," abs",[69,2103,113],{"class":83},[69,2105,2106],{"class":121},"number",[69,2108,221],{"class":83},[69,2110,2111],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,2112,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,2114,2115,2117,2119,2121],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,2116,110],{"class":109},[69,2118,113],{"class":83},[69,2120,2106],{"class":121},[69,2122,221],{"class":83},[69,2124,2125,2127,2129,2131],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,2126,110],{"class":109},[69,2128,113],{"class":83},[69,2130,876],{"class":121},[69,2132,221],{"class":83},[14,2134,643],{},[60,2136,2138],{"className":62,"code":2137,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"-12\n12\n",[17,2139,2140,2146],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,2141,2142,2144],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,2143,1889],{"class":79},[69,2145,2092],{"class":87},[69,2147,2148],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,2149,2092],{"class":87},[14,2151,2152,2153,2155,2156,2159],{},"Notice that ",[17,2154,2106],{}," is still ",[17,2157,2158],{},"-12",". If you want to keep the absolute value, you must store it in a variable.",[14,2161,2162,2163,2170],{},"If you are not sure what type a value has, the ",[192,2164,2166,2169],{"href":2165},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained\u002F",[17,2167,2168],{},"type()"," function"," can help.",[141,2172,2174],{"id":2173},"examples-with-integers-and-floats","Examples with integers and floats",[14,2176,2177],{},"Here are some basic examples:",[60,2179,2181],{"className":62,"code":2180,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(abs(-10))\nprint(abs(8))\nprint(abs(-4.2))\n",[17,2182,2183,2200,2215],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,2184,2185,2187,2189,2191,2193,2195,2198],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,2186,110],{"class":109},[69,2188,113],{"class":83},[69,2190,1884],{"class":109},[69,2192,113],{"class":83},[69,2194,1889],{"class":79},[69,2196,2197],{"class":87},"10",[69,2199,342],{"class":83},[69,2201,2202,2204,2206,2208,2210,2213],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,2203,110],{"class":109},[69,2205,113],{"class":83},[69,2207,1884],{"class":109},[69,2209,113],{"class":83},[69,2211,2212],{"class":87},"8",[69,2214,342],{"class":83},[69,2216,2217,2219,2221,2223,2225,2227,2230],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,2218,110],{"class":109},[69,2220,113],{"class":83},[69,2222,1884],{"class":109},[69,2224,113],{"class":83},[69,2226,1889],{"class":79},[69,2228,2229],{"class":87},"4.2",[69,2231,342],{"class":83},[14,2233,643],{},[60,2235,2237],{"className":62,"code":2236,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"10\n8\n4.2\n",[17,2238,2239,2244,2249],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,2240,2241],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,2242,2243],{"class":87},"10\n",[69,2245,2246],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,2247,2248],{"class":87},"8\n",[69,2250,2251],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,2252,2253],{"class":87},"4.2\n",[14,2255,2256],{},"What each line does:",[30,2258,2259,2266,2273],{},[33,2260,2261,678,2264],{},[17,2262,2263],{},"abs(-10)",[17,2265,2197],{},[33,2267,2268,678,2271],{},[17,2269,2270],{},"abs(8)",[17,2272,2212],{},[33,2274,2275,678,2278],{},[17,2276,2277],{},"abs(-4.2)",[17,2279,2229],{},[14,2281,2282,2283,25],{},"This works because integers and floats are standard numeric types in Python. If you want a refresher, see ",[192,2284,2286],{"href":2285},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-numbers-explained-int-float-complex\u002F","Python numbers explained: int, float, complex",[141,2288,2290],{"id":2289},"example-with-complex-numbers","Example with complex numbers",[14,2292,2293,2295],{},[17,2294,1848],{}," also works with complex numbers.",[14,2297,2298,2299,2301],{},"For a complex number, it returns the distance from ",[17,2300,88],{}," in the complex plane. You do not need advanced math to use this. In practice, it gives the size, or magnitude, of the complex number.",[14,2303,2076],{},[60,2305,2307],{"className":62,"code":2306,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = 3 + 4j\nprint(abs(value))\n",[17,2308,2309,2327],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,2310,2311,2314,2316,2318,2321,2324],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,2312,2313],{"class":75},"value ",[69,2315,80],{"class":79},[69,2317,516],{"class":87},[69,2319,2320],{"class":79}," +",[69,2322,2323],{"class":87}," 4",[69,2325,2326],{"class":1932},"j\n",[69,2328,2329,2331,2333,2335,2337,2340],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,2330,110],{"class":109},[69,2332,113],{"class":83},[69,2334,1884],{"class":109},[69,2336,113],{"class":83},[69,2338,2339],{"class":121},"value",[69,2341,342],{"class":83},[14,2343,643],{},[60,2345,2347],{"className":62,"code":2346,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"5.0\n",[17,2348,2349],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,2350,2351],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,2352,2346],{"class":87},[14,2354,2355,2356,2359],{},"Why ",[17,2357,2358],{},"5.0","?",[30,2361,2362,2367,2372],{},[33,2363,2364,2365],{},"the real part is ",[17,2366,1929],{},[33,2368,2369,2370],{},"the imaginary part is ",[17,2371,808],{},[33,2373,2374,2375],{},"the magnitude is ",[17,2376,2358],{},[14,2378,2379],{},"For beginners, the main thing to remember is simple:",[30,2381,2382,2389],{},[33,2383,2384,2386,2387],{},[17,2385,1848],{}," on a complex number returns a ",[17,2388,2060],{},[33,2390,2391],{},"it gives the number's magnitude, not a complex number back",[141,2393,2395],{"id":2394},"common-beginner-uses","Common beginner uses",[14,2397,2398,2399,25],{},"Here are some common ways beginners use ",[17,2400,1848],{},[1369,2402,2404],{"id":2403},"finding-the-distance-between-two-numbers","Finding the distance between two numbers",[14,2406,2407],{},"A very common pattern is:",[60,2409,2411],{"className":62,"code":2410,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"abs(a - b)\n",[17,2412,2413],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,2414,2415,2417,2419,2422,2424,2427],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,2416,1884],{"class":109},[69,2418,113],{"class":83},[69,2420,2421],{"class":121},"a ",[69,2423,1889],{"class":79},[69,2425,2426],{"class":121}," b",[69,2428,221],{"class":83},[14,2430,2076],{},[60,2432,2434],{"className":62,"code":2433,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = 3\nb = 10\n\ndistance = abs(a - b)\nprint(distance)\n",[17,2435,2436,2445,2455,2459,2478],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,2437,2438,2440,2442],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,2439,2421],{"class":75},[69,2441,80],{"class":79},[69,2443,2444],{"class":87}," 3\n",[69,2446,2447,2450,2452],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,2448,2449],{"class":75},"b ",[69,2451,80],{"class":79},[69,2453,2454],{"class":87}," 10\n",[69,2456,2457],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,2458,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,2460,2461,2464,2466,2468,2470,2472,2474,2476],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,2462,2463],{"class":75},"distance ",[69,2465,80],{"class":79},[69,2467,2101],{"class":109},[69,2469,113],{"class":83},[69,2471,2421],{"class":121},[69,2473,1889],{"class":79},[69,2475,2426],{"class":121},[69,2477,221],{"class":83},[69,2479,2480,2482,2484,2487],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,2481,110],{"class":109},[69,2483,113],{"class":83},[69,2485,2486],{"class":121},"distance",[69,2488,221],{"class":83},[14,2490,643],{},[60,2492,2493],{"className":62,"code":1947,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,2494,2495],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,2496,2497],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,2498,1947],{"class":87},[14,2500,2501],{},"This tells you how far apart two numbers are.",[1369,2503,2505],{"id":2504},"comparing-how-far-a-value-is-from-zero","Comparing how far a value is from zero",[60,2507,2509],{"className":62,"code":2508,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"temperature_change = -6\nprint(abs(temperature_change))\n",[17,2510,2511,2523],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,2512,2513,2516,2518,2520],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,2514,2515],{"class":75},"temperature_change ",[69,2517,80],{"class":79},[69,2519,818],{"class":79},[69,2521,2522],{"class":87},"6\n",[69,2524,2525,2527,2529,2531,2533,2536],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,2526,110],{"class":109},[69,2528,113],{"class":83},[69,2530,1884],{"class":109},[69,2532,113],{"class":83},[69,2534,2535],{"class":121},"temperature_change",[69,2537,342],{"class":83},[14,2539,643],{},[60,2541,2542],{"className":62,"code":2522,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,2543,2544],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,2545,2546],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,2547,2522],{"class":87},[14,2549,2550],{},"This is useful when the size of the change matters more than the direction.",[1369,2552,2554],{"id":2553},"working-with-negative-input-values-safely","Working with negative input values safely",[14,2556,2557,2558,2170],{},"If a user enters a negative number but your program needs a positive value, ",[17,2559,1848],{},[60,2561,2563],{"className":62,"code":2562,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"balance_change = -25\nsafe_value = abs(balance_change)\n\nprint(safe_value)\n",[17,2564,2565,2577,2593,2597],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,2566,2567,2570,2572,2574],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,2568,2569],{"class":75},"balance_change ",[69,2571,80],{"class":79},[69,2573,818],{"class":79},[69,2575,2576],{"class":87},"25\n",[69,2578,2579,2582,2584,2586,2588,2591],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,2580,2581],{"class":75},"safe_value ",[69,2583,80],{"class":79},[69,2585,2101],{"class":109},[69,2587,113],{"class":83},[69,2589,2590],{"class":121},"balance_change",[69,2592,221],{"class":83},[69,2594,2595],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,2596,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,2598,2599,2601,2603,2606],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,2600,110],{"class":109},[69,2602,113],{"class":83},[69,2604,2605],{"class":121},"safe_value",[69,2607,221],{"class":83},[14,2609,643],{},[60,2611,2612],{"className":62,"code":2576,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,2613,2614],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,2615,2616],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,2617,2576],{"class":87},[1369,2619,2621],{"id":2620},"checking-the-absolute-difference-in-simple-programs","Checking the absolute difference in simple programs",[60,2623,2625],{"className":62,"code":2624,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"guess = 42\ntarget = 50\n\ndifference = abs(guess - target)\nprint(difference)\n",[17,2626,2627,2637,2647,2651,2671],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,2628,2629,2632,2634],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,2630,2631],{"class":75},"guess ",[69,2633,80],{"class":79},[69,2635,2636],{"class":87}," 42\n",[69,2638,2639,2642,2644],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,2640,2641],{"class":75},"target ",[69,2643,80],{"class":79},[69,2645,2646],{"class":87}," 50\n",[69,2648,2649],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,2650,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,2652,2653,2656,2658,2660,2662,2664,2666,2669],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,2654,2655],{"class":75},"difference ",[69,2657,80],{"class":79},[69,2659,2101],{"class":109},[69,2661,113],{"class":83},[69,2663,2631],{"class":121},[69,2665,1889],{"class":79},[69,2667,2668],{"class":121}," target",[69,2670,221],{"class":83},[69,2672,2673,2675,2677,2680],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,2674,110],{"class":109},[69,2676,113],{"class":83},[69,2678,2679],{"class":121},"difference",[69,2681,221],{"class":83},[14,2683,643],{},[60,2685,2686],{"className":62,"code":2248,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,2687,2688],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,2689,2690],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,2691,2248],{"class":87},[14,2693,2694],{},"This is useful in guessing games, scoring programs, and simple comparisons.",[141,2696,2698],{"id":2697},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[1369,2700,2702],{"id":2701},"passing-a-string-to-abs","Passing a string to abs()",[14,2704,2705],{},"This causes an error:",[60,2707,2709],{"className":62,"code":2708,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(abs(\"5\"))\n",[17,2710,2711],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,2712,2713,2715,2717,2719,2721,2723,2725,2727],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,2714,110],{"class":109},[69,2716,113],{"class":83},[69,2718,1884],{"class":109},[69,2720,113],{"class":83},[69,2722,333],{"class":94},[69,2724,670],{"class":336},[69,2726,333],{"class":94},[69,2728,342],{"class":83},[14,2730,2731,2734,2735,2737],{},[17,2732,2733],{},"\"5\""," is a string, not a number. ",[17,2736,1848],{}," needs a numeric value.",[14,2739,2740,2741,54,2747,1044],{},"Fix it by converting the string first with ",[192,2742,2744],{"href":2743},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained\u002F",[17,2745,2746],{},"int()",[192,2748,2750],{"href":2749},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained\u002F",[17,2751,2752],{},"float()",[60,2754,2756],{"className":62,"code":2755,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(abs(int(\"5\")))\nprint(abs(float(\"-3.2\")))\n",[17,2757,2758,2780],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,2759,2760,2762,2764,2766,2768,2770,2772,2774,2776,2778],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,2761,110],{"class":109},[69,2763,113],{"class":83},[69,2765,1884],{"class":109},[69,2767,113],{"class":83},[69,2769,2056],{"class":1126},[69,2771,113],{"class":83},[69,2773,333],{"class":94},[69,2775,670],{"class":336},[69,2777,333],{"class":94},[69,2779,297],{"class":83},[69,2781,2782,2784,2786,2788,2790,2792,2794,2796,2799,2801],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,2783,110],{"class":109},[69,2785,113],{"class":83},[69,2787,1884],{"class":109},[69,2789,113],{"class":83},[69,2791,2060],{"class":1126},[69,2793,113],{"class":83},[69,2795,333],{"class":94},[69,2797,2798],{"class":336},"-3.2",[69,2800,333],{"class":94},[69,2802,297],{"class":83},[14,2804,643],{},[60,2806,2808],{"className":62,"code":2807,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"5\n3.2\n",[17,2809,2810,2815],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,2811,2812],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,2813,2814],{"class":87},"5\n",[69,2816,2817],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,2818,2819],{"class":87},"3.2\n",[14,2821,2822,2823,2826,2827,25],{},"If you are working with keyboard input, this mistake often happens because ",[17,2824,2825],{},"input()"," always returns a string. See ",[192,2828,2830],{"href":2829},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-int-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to an int in Python",[1369,2832,2834],{"id":2833},"passing-a-list-or-dictionary","Passing a list or dictionary",[14,2836,2837],{},"Unsupported types also cause an error:",[60,2839,2841],{"className":62,"code":2840,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(abs([1, 2, 3]))\n",[17,2842,2843],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,2844,2845,2847,2849,2851,2853,2855,2857,2859,2861,2863],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,2846,110],{"class":109},[69,2848,113],{"class":83},[69,2850,1884],{"class":109},[69,2852,260],{"class":83},[69,2854,473],{"class":87},[69,2856,91],{"class":83},[69,2858,316],{"class":87},[69,2860,91],{"class":83},[69,2862,516],{"class":87},[69,2864,275],{"class":83},[14,2866,2867,2868,2871],{},"This raises a ",[17,2869,2870],{},"TypeError"," because lists do not have an absolute value.",[1369,2873,2875],{"id":2874},"assuming-abs-changes-the-original-variable","Assuming abs() changes the original variable",[14,2877,2878,2880],{},[17,2879,1848],{}," does not update the variable by itself.",[60,2882,2884],{"className":62,"code":2883,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"x = -9\nabs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[17,2885,2886,2897,2907,2911],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,2887,2888,2890,2892,2894],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,2889,849],{"class":75},[69,2891,80],{"class":79},[69,2893,818],{"class":79},[69,2895,2896],{"class":87},"9\n",[69,2898,2899,2901,2903,2905],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,2900,1884],{"class":109},[69,2902,113],{"class":83},[69,2904,2041],{"class":121},[69,2906,221],{"class":83},[69,2908,2909],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,2910,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,2912,2913,2915,2917,2919],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,2914,110],{"class":109},[69,2916,113],{"class":83},[69,2918,2041],{"class":121},[69,2920,221],{"class":83},[14,2922,643],{},[60,2924,2926],{"className":62,"code":2925,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"-9\n",[17,2927,2928],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,2929,2930,2932],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,2931,1889],{"class":79},[69,2933,2896],{"class":87},[14,2935,2936],{},"If you want to store the result:",[60,2938,2940],{"className":62,"code":2939,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"x = -9\nx = abs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[17,2941,2942,2952,2966,2970],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,2943,2944,2946,2948,2950],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,2945,849],{"class":75},[69,2947,80],{"class":79},[69,2949,818],{"class":79},[69,2951,2896],{"class":87},[69,2953,2954,2956,2958,2960,2962,2964],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,2955,849],{"class":75},[69,2957,80],{"class":79},[69,2959,2101],{"class":109},[69,2961,113],{"class":83},[69,2963,2041],{"class":121},[69,2965,221],{"class":83},[69,2967,2968],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,2969,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,2971,2972,2974,2976,2978],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,2973,110],{"class":109},[69,2975,113],{"class":83},[69,2977,2041],{"class":121},[69,2979,221],{"class":83},[14,2981,643],{},[60,2983,2984],{"className":62,"code":2896,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,2985,2986],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,2987,2988],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,2989,2896],{"class":87},[1369,2991,2993],{"id":2992},"confusing-absolute-value-with-rounding","Confusing absolute value with rounding",[14,2995,2996,2998],{},[17,2997,1848],{}," does not round numbers.",[60,3000,3002],{"className":62,"code":3001,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(abs(-4.7))\n",[17,3003,3004],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,3005,3006,3008,3010,3012,3014,3016,3019],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,3007,110],{"class":109},[69,3009,113],{"class":83},[69,3011,1884],{"class":109},[69,3013,113],{"class":83},[69,3015,1889],{"class":79},[69,3017,3018],{"class":87},"4.7",[69,3020,342],{"class":83},[14,3022,643],{},[60,3024,3026],{"className":62,"code":3025,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"4.7\n",[17,3027,3028],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,3029,3030],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,3031,3025],{"class":87},[14,3033,3034,3035,3037,3038,3040],{},"If you expected ",[17,3036,670],{},", that is a different operation. ",[17,3039,1848],{}," removes the negative sign. It does not change the decimal part.",[141,3042,3044],{"id":3043},"return-values-and-types","Return values and types",[14,3046,3047,3049],{},[17,3048,1848],{}," returns different types depending on the input:",[30,3051,3052,3059,3066],{},[33,3053,3054,3056,3057],{},[17,3055,2056],{}," input → returns an ",[17,3058,2056],{},[33,3060,3061,3063,3064],{},[17,3062,2060],{}," input → returns a ",[17,3065,2060],{},[33,3067,3068,3063,3070],{},[17,3069,2064],{},[17,3071,2060],{},[14,3073,2076],{},[60,3075,3077],{"className":62,"code":3076,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(type(abs(-5)))\nprint(type(abs(-3.2)))\nprint(type(abs(3 + 4j)))\n",[17,3078,3079,3100,3121],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,3080,3081,3083,3085,3088,3090,3092,3094,3096,3098],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,3082,110],{"class":109},[69,3084,113],{"class":83},[69,3086,3087],{"class":1126},"type",[69,3089,113],{"class":83},[69,3091,1884],{"class":109},[69,3093,113],{"class":83},[69,3095,1889],{"class":79},[69,3097,670],{"class":87},[69,3099,297],{"class":83},[69,3101,3102,3104,3106,3108,3110,3112,3114,3116,3119],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,3103,110],{"class":109},[69,3105,113],{"class":83},[69,3107,3087],{"class":1126},[69,3109,113],{"class":83},[69,3111,1884],{"class":109},[69,3113,113],{"class":83},[69,3115,1889],{"class":79},[69,3117,3118],{"class":87},"3.2",[69,3120,297],{"class":83},[69,3122,3123,3125,3127,3129,3131,3133,3135,3137,3139,3141,3143],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,3124,110],{"class":109},[69,3126,113],{"class":83},[69,3128,3087],{"class":1126},[69,3130,113],{"class":83},[69,3132,1884],{"class":109},[69,3134,113],{"class":83},[69,3136,1929],{"class":87},[69,3138,2320],{"class":79},[69,3140,2323],{"class":87},[69,3142,1933],{"class":1932},[69,3144,297],{"class":83},[14,3146,643],{},[60,3148,3150],{"className":62,"code":3149,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[17,3151,3152,3169,3183],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,3153,3154,3156,3159,3162,3164,3166],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,3155,852],{"class":79},[69,3157,3158],{"class":1932},"class",[69,3160,3161],{"class":94}," '",[69,3163,2056],{"class":336},[69,3165,488],{"class":94},[69,3167,3168],{"class":79},">\n",[69,3170,3171,3173,3175,3177,3179,3181],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,3172,852],{"class":79},[69,3174,3158],{"class":1932},[69,3176,3161],{"class":94},[69,3178,2060],{"class":336},[69,3180,488],{"class":94},[69,3182,3168],{"class":79},[69,3184,3185,3187,3189,3191,3193,3195],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,3186,852],{"class":79},[69,3188,3158],{"class":1932},[69,3190,3161],{"class":94},[69,3192,2060],{"class":336},[69,3194,488],{"class":94},[69,3196,3168],{"class":79},[14,3198,3199],{},"This matters because beginners often check value types while debugging.",[14,3201,3202],{},"If your value comes from user input, convert it first and then check the type if needed.",[14,3204,3205],{},"Useful debugging steps:",[60,3207,3209],{"className":62,"code":3208,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = \"-5\"\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nuser_input = \"-3.7\"\nprint(abs(float(user_input)))\n",[17,3210,3211,3225,3235,3249,3253,3267],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,3212,3213,3215,3217,3219,3222],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,3214,2313],{"class":75},[69,3216,80],{"class":79},[69,3218,964],{"class":94},[69,3220,3221],{"class":336},"-5",[69,3223,3224],{"class":94},"\"\n",[69,3226,3227,3229,3231,3233],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,3228,110],{"class":109},[69,3230,113],{"class":83},[69,3232,2339],{"class":121},[69,3234,221],{"class":83},[69,3236,3237,3239,3241,3243,3245,3247],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,3238,110],{"class":109},[69,3240,113],{"class":83},[69,3242,3087],{"class":1126},[69,3244,113],{"class":83},[69,3246,2339],{"class":121},[69,3248,342],{"class":83},[69,3250,3251],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,3252,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,3254,3255,3258,3260,3262,3265],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,3256,3257],{"class":75},"user_input ",[69,3259,80],{"class":79},[69,3261,964],{"class":94},[69,3263,3264],{"class":336},"-3.7",[69,3266,3224],{"class":94},[69,3268,3269,3271,3273,3275,3277,3279,3281,3284],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,3270,110],{"class":109},[69,3272,113],{"class":83},[69,3274,1884],{"class":109},[69,3276,113],{"class":83},[69,3278,2060],{"class":1126},[69,3280,113],{"class":83},[69,3282,3283],{"class":121},"user_input",[69,3285,297],{"class":83},[14,3287,643],{},[60,3289,3291],{"className":62,"code":3290,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"-5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n3.7\n",[17,3292,3293,3299,3314],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,3294,3295,3297],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,3296,1889],{"class":79},[69,3298,2814],{"class":87},[69,3300,3301,3303,3305,3307,3310,3312],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,3302,852],{"class":79},[69,3304,3158],{"class":1932},[69,3306,3161],{"class":94},[69,3308,3309],{"class":336},"str",[69,3311,488],{"class":94},[69,3313,3168],{"class":79},[69,3315,3316],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,3317,3318],{"class":87},"3.7\n",[141,3320,1651],{"id":1650},[1369,3322,3324],{"id":3323},"what-does-abs-mean-in-python","What does abs() mean in Python?",[14,3326,3327],{},"It returns the absolute value of a number. This means the value without a negative sign.",[1369,3329,3331],{"id":3330},"does-abs-work-with-floats","Does abs() work with floats?",[14,3333,3334],{},"Yes. It works with integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[1369,3336,3338],{"id":3337},"does-abs-change-the-original-variable","Does abs() change the original variable?",[14,3340,3341],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to store the result.",[1369,3343,3345],{"id":3344},"why-does-absinput-give-an-error","Why does abs(input()) give an error?",[14,3347,3348,3350,3351,54,3353,3355,3356,25],{},[17,3349,2825],{}," returns a string. Convert it first with ",[17,3352,2746],{},[17,3354,2752],{}," before using ",[17,3357,1848],{},[1369,3359,3361],{"id":3360},"what-does-abs-return-for-a-complex-number","What does abs() return for a complex number?",[14,3363,3364],{},"It returns the magnitude as a float.",[141,3366,1771],{"id":1770},[30,3368,3369,3375,3381,3387,3392],{},[33,3370,3371],{},[192,3372,3373,1780],{"href":2743},[17,3374,2746],{},[33,3376,3377],{},[192,3378,3379,1780],{"href":2749},[17,3380,2752],{},[33,3382,3383],{},[192,3384,3385,1780],{"href":2165},[17,3386,2168],{},[33,3388,3389],{},[192,3390,3391],{"href":2829},"How to convert a string to an int in Python",[33,3393,3394],{},[192,3395,2286],{"href":2285},[1802,3397,3398],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":3400},[3401,3402,3403,3404,3405,3406,3412,3418,3419,3426],{"id":1869,"depth":106,"text":1870},{"id":1965,"depth":106,"text":1966},{"id":2023,"depth":106,"text":2024},{"id":2173,"depth":106,"text":2174},{"id":2289,"depth":106,"text":2290},{"id":2394,"depth":106,"text":2395,"children":3407},[3408,3409,3410,3411],{"id":2403,"depth":300,"text":2404},{"id":2504,"depth":300,"text":2505},{"id":2553,"depth":300,"text":2554},{"id":2620,"depth":300,"text":2621},{"id":2697,"depth":106,"text":2698,"children":3413},[3414,3415,3416,3417],{"id":2701,"depth":300,"text":2702},{"id":2833,"depth":300,"text":2834},{"id":2874,"depth":300,"text":2875},{"id":2992,"depth":300,"text":2993},{"id":3043,"depth":106,"text":3044},{"id":1650,"depth":106,"text":1651,"children":3420},[3421,3422,3423,3424,3425],{"id":3323,"depth":300,"text":3324},{"id":3330,"depth":300,"text":3331},{"id":3337,"depth":300,"text":3338},{"id":3344,"depth":300,"text":3345},{"id":3360,"depth":300,"text":3361},{"id":1770,"depth":106,"text":1771},"Master python abs function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained",{"title":1837,"description":3427},"reference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained","xZAUASskbMCeUoHg_mObxnwl-ISSbujkBvQOGfQBzh4",{"id":3434,"title":3435,"body":3436,"description":5095,"extension":1828,"meta":5096,"navigation":833,"path":5097,"seo":5098,"stem":5099,"__hash__":5100},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained.md","Python all() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":3437,"toc":5059},[3438,3445,3451,3454,3470,3474,3528,3537,3544,3548,3567,3570,3586,3589,3591,3597,3611,3613,3647,3649,3655,3660,3728,3730,3760,3766,3770,3774,3813,3815,3823,3830,3834,3873,3875,3883,3893,3897,3950,3952,3960,3963,3966,4013,4015,4023,4029,4036,4041,4044,4047,4112,4114,4122,4125,4192,4194,4202,4216,4219,4230,4234,4240,4243,4245,4260,4262,4270,4272,4275,4278,4295,4298,4301,4330,4332,4345,4347,4351,4353,4368,4373,4376,4403,4410,4413,4452,4459,4465,4473,4476,4527,4534,4599,4604,4613,4616,4634,4640,4643,4785,4791,4796,4799,4810,4813,4869,4871,4879,4882,4941,4943,4951,4954,4964,4966,4973,4981,4990,4993,5000,5003,5011,5023,5025,5056],[10,3439,3441,3442,3444],{"id":3440},"python-all-function-explained","Python ",[17,3443,197],{}," Function Explained",[14,3446,3447,3448,3450],{},"Python’s ",[17,3449,197],{}," function checks whether every item in an iterable is truthy.",[14,3452,3453],{},"It is a small function, but it causes a lot of beginner confusion because:",[30,3455,3456,3459,3462],{},[33,3457,3458],{},"it works with truthy and falsy values",[33,3460,3461],{},"it takes one iterable argument",[33,3463,3464,678,3467,3469],{},[17,3465,3466],{},"all([])",[17,3468,53],{},", which often seems strange at first",[141,3471,3473],{"id":3472},"quick-answer","Quick answer",[60,3475,3477],{"className":62,"code":3476,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(numbers)\nprint(result)  # True\n",[17,3478,3479,3499,3515],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,3480,3481,3483,3485,3487,3489,3491,3493,3495,3497],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,3482,801],{"class":75},[69,3484,80],{"class":79},[69,3486,84],{"class":83},[69,3488,473],{"class":87},[69,3490,91],{"class":83},[69,3492,316],{"class":87},[69,3494,91],{"class":83},[69,3496,516],{"class":87},[69,3498,103],{"class":83},[69,3500,3501,3503,3505,3508,3510,3513],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,3502,839],{"class":75},[69,3504,80],{"class":79},[69,3506,3507],{"class":109}," all",[69,3509,113],{"class":83},[69,3511,3512],{"class":121},"numbers",[69,3514,221],{"class":83},[69,3516,3517,3519,3521,3523,3526],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,3518,110],{"class":109},[69,3520,113],{"class":83},[69,3522,876],{"class":121},[69,3524,3525],{"class":83},")",[69,3527,129],{"class":128},[14,3529,3530,678,3532,3534,3535,25],{},[17,3531,197],{},[17,3533,53],{}," only if every item in the iterable is truthy. If even one item is falsy, it returns ",[17,3536,57],{},[141,3538,3540,3541,3543],{"id":3539},"what-all-does","What ",[17,3542,197],{}," does",[14,3545,3546,1044],{},[17,3547,197],{},[30,3549,3550,3553,3559,3564],{},[33,3551,3552],{},"checks every item in an iterable",[33,3554,3555,3556,3558],{},"returns ",[17,3557,53],{}," if all items are truthy",[33,3560,3555,3561,3563],{},[17,3562,57],{}," if any item is falsy",[33,3565,3566],{},"works with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterables",[14,3568,3569],{},"Basic syntax:",[60,3571,3573],{"className":62,"code":3572,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"all(iterable)\n",[17,3574,3575],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,3576,3577,3580,3582,3584],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,3578,3579],{"class":109},"all",[69,3581,113],{"class":83},[69,3583,218],{"class":121},[69,3585,221],{"class":83},[14,3587,3588],{},"The argument must be a single iterable, not several separate values.",[141,3590,379],{"id":378},[14,3592,382,3593,54,3595,389],{},[17,3594,53],{},[17,3596,57],{},[30,3598,3599,3605],{},[33,3600,3601,397,3603],{},[22,3602,396],{},[17,3604,53],{},[33,3606,3607,397,3609],{},[22,3608,404],{},[17,3610,57],{},[14,3612,409],{},[30,3614,3615,3619,3623,3627,3631,3635,3639,3643],{},[33,3616,3617],{},[17,3618,88],{},[33,3620,3621],{},[17,3622,424],{},[33,3624,3625],{},[17,3626,429],{},[33,3628,3629],{},[17,3630,449],{},[33,3632,3633],{},[17,3634,57],{},[33,3636,3637],{},[17,3638,434],{},[33,3640,3641],{},[17,3642,439],{},[33,3644,3645],{},[17,3646,444],{},[14,3648,452],{},[14,3650,3651,3652,25],{},"If you are new to this idea, see ",[192,3653,586],{"href":3654},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false",[14,3656,3657,3658,1044],{},"You can test this with ",[17,3659,593],{},[60,3661,3663],{"className":62,"code":3662,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"values = [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]\n\nprint([bool(x) for x in values])\n",[17,3664,3665,3697,3701],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,3666,3667,3669,3671,3673,3675,3677,3679,3681,3683,3685,3687,3689,3691,3693,3695],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,3668,76],{"class":75},[69,3670,80],{"class":79},[69,3672,84],{"class":83},[69,3674,473],{"class":87},[69,3676,91],{"class":83},[69,3678,267],{"class":87},[69,3680,91],{"class":83},[69,3682,95],{"class":94},[69,3684,91],{"class":83},[69,3686,3161],{"class":94},[69,3688,337],{"class":336},[69,3690,488],{"class":94},[69,3692,91],{"class":83},[69,3694,567],{"class":289},[69,3696,103],{"class":83},[69,3698,3699],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,3700,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,3702,3703,3705,3707,3710,3712,3714,3716,3718,3720,3722,3725],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,3704,110],{"class":109},[69,3706,260],{"class":83},[69,3708,3709],{"class":1126},"bool",[69,3711,113],{"class":83},[69,3713,2041],{"class":121},[69,3715,3525],{"class":83},[69,3717,857],{"class":773},[69,3719,860],{"class":121},[69,3721,780],{"class":773},[69,3723,3724],{"class":121}," values",[69,3726,3727],{"class":83},"])\n",[14,3729,643],{},[60,3731,3733],{"className":62,"code":3732,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[True, False, False, True, False]\n",[17,3734,3735],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,3736,3737,3740,3742,3744,3746,3748,3750,3752,3754,3756,3758],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,3738,3739],{"class":83},"[",[69,3741,53],{"class":289},[69,3743,91],{"class":83},[69,3745,294],{"class":289},[69,3747,91],{"class":83},[69,3749,294],{"class":289},[69,3751,91],{"class":83},[69,3753,1461],{"class":289},[69,3755,91],{"class":83},[69,3757,294],{"class":289},[69,3759,103],{"class":83},[14,3761,3762,3763,3765],{},"This matters because ",[17,3764,197],{}," does not compare values. It checks whether each value is truthy.",[141,3767,3769],{"id":3768},"basic-examples","Basic examples",[1369,3771,3773],{"id":3772},"example-all-numbers-are-non-zero","Example: all numbers are non-zero",[60,3775,3777],{"className":62,"code":3776,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[17,3778,3779,3799],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,3780,3781,3783,3785,3787,3789,3791,3793,3795,3797],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,3782,801],{"class":75},[69,3784,80],{"class":79},[69,3786,84],{"class":83},[69,3788,473],{"class":87},[69,3790,91],{"class":83},[69,3792,316],{"class":87},[69,3794,91],{"class":83},[69,3796,516],{"class":87},[69,3798,103],{"class":83},[69,3800,3801,3803,3805,3807,3809,3811],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,3802,110],{"class":109},[69,3804,113],{"class":83},[69,3806,3579],{"class":109},[69,3808,113],{"class":83},[69,3810,3512],{"class":121},[69,3812,342],{"class":83},[14,3814,643],{},[60,3816,3817],{"className":62,"code":355,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,3818,3819],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,3820,3821],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,3822,355],{"class":289},[14,3824,3825,3826,678,3828,25],{},"Each number is truthy, so ",[17,3827,197],{},[17,3829,53],{},[1369,3831,3833],{"id":3832},"example-one-number-is-zero","Example: one number is zero",[60,3835,3837],{"className":62,"code":3836,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 0, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[17,3838,3839,3859],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,3840,3841,3843,3845,3847,3849,3851,3853,3855,3857],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,3842,801],{"class":75},[69,3844,80],{"class":79},[69,3846,84],{"class":83},[69,3848,473],{"class":87},[69,3850,91],{"class":83},[69,3852,267],{"class":87},[69,3854,91],{"class":83},[69,3856,516],{"class":87},[69,3858,103],{"class":83},[69,3860,3861,3863,3865,3867,3869,3871],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,3862,110],{"class":109},[69,3864,113],{"class":83},[69,3866,3579],{"class":109},[69,3868,113],{"class":83},[69,3870,3512],{"class":121},[69,3872,342],{"class":83},[14,3874,643],{},[60,3876,3877],{"className":62,"code":360,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,3878,3879],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,3880,3881],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,3882,360],{"class":289},[14,3884,3885,3886,3888,3889,678,3891,25],{},"The value ",[17,3887,88],{}," is falsy, so ",[17,3890,197],{},[17,3892,57],{},[1369,3894,3896],{"id":3895},"example-strings","Example: strings",[60,3898,3900],{"className":62,"code":3899,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[17,3901,3902,3935],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,3903,3904,3906,3908,3910,3912,3914,3916,3918,3920,3922,3924,3926,3928,3931,3933],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,3905,943],{"class":75},[69,3907,80],{"class":79},[69,3909,84],{"class":83},[69,3911,488],{"class":94},[69,3913,952],{"class":336},[69,3915,488],{"class":94},[69,3917,91],{"class":83},[69,3919,3161],{"class":94},[69,3921,967],{"class":336},[69,3923,488],{"class":94},[69,3925,91],{"class":83},[69,3927,3161],{"class":94},[69,3929,3930],{"class":336},"cherry",[69,3932,488],{"class":94},[69,3934,103],{"class":83},[69,3936,3937,3939,3941,3943,3945,3948],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,3938,110],{"class":109},[69,3940,113],{"class":83},[69,3942,3579],{"class":109},[69,3944,113],{"class":83},[69,3946,3947],{"class":121},"words",[69,3949,342],{"class":83},[14,3951,643],{},[60,3953,3954],{"className":62,"code":355,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,3955,3956],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,3957,3958],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,3959,355],{"class":289},[14,3961,3962],{},"All strings are non-empty, so they are truthy.",[14,3964,3965],{},"Now look at a list with an empty string:",[60,3967,3969],{"className":62,"code":3968,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = ['apple', '', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[17,3970,3971,3999],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,3972,3973,3975,3977,3979,3981,3983,3985,3987,3989,3991,3993,3995,3997],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,3974,943],{"class":75},[69,3976,80],{"class":79},[69,3978,84],{"class":83},[69,3980,488],{"class":94},[69,3982,952],{"class":336},[69,3984,488],{"class":94},[69,3986,91],{"class":83},[69,3988,95],{"class":94},[69,3990,91],{"class":83},[69,3992,3161],{"class":94},[69,3994,3930],{"class":336},[69,3996,488],{"class":94},[69,3998,103],{"class":83},[69,4000,4001,4003,4005,4007,4009,4011],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,4002,110],{"class":109},[69,4004,113],{"class":83},[69,4006,3579],{"class":109},[69,4008,113],{"class":83},[69,4010,3947],{"class":121},[69,4012,342],{"class":83},[14,4014,643],{},[60,4016,4017],{"className":62,"code":360,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,4018,4019],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,4020,4021],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,4022,360],{"class":289},[14,4024,4025,4026,4028],{},"The empty string ",[17,4027,429],{}," is falsy.",[141,4030,4032,4033,4035],{"id":4031},"how-all-works-with-conditions","How ",[17,4034,197],{}," works with conditions",[14,4037,4038,4040],{},[17,4039,197],{}," is often used with a generator expression.",[14,4042,4043],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether every item matches a rule.",[14,4045,4046],{},"For example, to check whether all numbers are positive:",[60,4048,4050],{"className":62,"code":4049,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,4051,4052,4072,4098,4102],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,4053,4054,4056,4058,4060,4062,4064,4066,4068,4070],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,4055,801],{"class":75},[69,4057,80],{"class":79},[69,4059,84],{"class":83},[69,4061,473],{"class":87},[69,4063,91],{"class":83},[69,4065,316],{"class":87},[69,4067,91],{"class":83},[69,4069,516],{"class":87},[69,4071,103],{"class":83},[69,4073,4074,4076,4078,4080,4082,4084,4086,4088,4090,4092,4094,4096],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,4075,839],{"class":75},[69,4077,80],{"class":79},[69,4079,3507],{"class":109},[69,4081,113],{"class":83},[69,4083,849],{"class":121},[69,4085,1578],{"class":79},[69,4087,267],{"class":87},[69,4089,857],{"class":773},[69,4091,860],{"class":121},[69,4093,780],{"class":773},[69,4095,865],{"class":121},[69,4097,221],{"class":83},[69,4099,4100],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,4101,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,4103,4104,4106,4108,4110],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,4105,110],{"class":109},[69,4107,113],{"class":83},[69,4109,876],{"class":121},[69,4111,221],{"class":83},[14,4113,643],{},[60,4115,4116],{"className":62,"code":355,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,4117,4118],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,4119,4120],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,4121,355],{"class":289},[14,4123,4124],{},"Here is one that fails:",[60,4126,4128],{"className":62,"code":4127,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, -2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,4129,4130,4152,4178,4182],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,4131,4132,4134,4136,4138,4140,4142,4144,4146,4148,4150],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,4133,801],{"class":75},[69,4135,80],{"class":79},[69,4137,84],{"class":83},[69,4139,473],{"class":87},[69,4141,91],{"class":83},[69,4143,818],{"class":79},[69,4145,821],{"class":87},[69,4147,91],{"class":83},[69,4149,516],{"class":87},[69,4151,103],{"class":83},[69,4153,4154,4156,4158,4160,4162,4164,4166,4168,4170,4172,4174,4176],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,4155,839],{"class":75},[69,4157,80],{"class":79},[69,4159,3507],{"class":109},[69,4161,113],{"class":83},[69,4163,849],{"class":121},[69,4165,1578],{"class":79},[69,4167,267],{"class":87},[69,4169,857],{"class":773},[69,4171,860],{"class":121},[69,4173,780],{"class":773},[69,4175,865],{"class":121},[69,4177,221],{"class":83},[69,4179,4180],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,4181,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,4183,4184,4186,4188,4190],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,4185,110],{"class":109},[69,4187,113],{"class":83},[69,4189,876],{"class":121},[69,4191,221],{"class":83},[14,4193,643],{},[60,4195,4196],{"className":62,"code":360,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,4197,4198],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,4199,4200],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,4201,360],{"class":289},[14,4203,4204,4205,4208,4209,4211,4212,678,4214,25],{},"The expression ",[17,4206,4207],{},"x > 0"," is checked for each number. If every check is ",[17,4210,53],{},", then ",[17,4213,197],{},[17,4215,53],{},[14,4217,4218],{},"This pattern keeps code short and readable.",[14,4220,4221,4222,587,4226,25],{},"If you want more practice with this style, see ",[192,4223,4225],{"href":4224},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-list-comprehensions-in-python","how to use list comprehensions in Python",[192,4227,4229],{"href":4228},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-an-iterable-in-python","what is an iterable in Python",[141,4231,4233],{"id":4232},"empty-iterable-behavior","Empty iterable behavior",[14,4235,4236,678,4238,25],{},[17,4237,3466],{},[17,4239,53],{},[14,4241,4242],{},"This surprises many beginners.",[14,4244,2076],{},[60,4246,4248],{"className":62,"code":4247,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(all([]))\n",[17,4249,4250],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,4251,4252,4254,4256,4258],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,4253,110],{"class":109},[69,4255,113],{"class":83},[69,4257,3579],{"class":109},[69,4259,1060],{"class":83},[14,4261,643],{},[60,4263,4264],{"className":62,"code":355,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,4265,4266],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,4267,4268],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,4269,355],{"class":289},[14,4271,654],{},[14,4273,4274],{},"Because there is no item in the iterable that fails the test.",[14,4276,4277],{},"Think of it this way:",[30,4279,4280,4287,4290],{},[33,4281,4282,678,4284,4286],{},[17,4283,197],{},[17,4285,57],{}," when it finds a falsy item",[33,4288,4289],{},"an empty iterable has no items at all",[33,4291,4292,4293],{},"so there is nothing that makes it return ",[17,4294,57],{},[14,4296,4297],{},"This is normal Python behavior, even if it feels odd at first.",[14,4299,4300],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables too:",[60,4302,4304],{"className":62,"code":4303,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(all(()))\nprint(all(''))\n",[17,4305,4306,4316],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,4307,4308,4310,4312,4314],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,4309,110],{"class":109},[69,4311,113],{"class":83},[69,4313,3579],{"class":109},[69,4315,1098],{"class":83},[69,4317,4318,4320,4322,4324,4326,4328],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,4319,110],{"class":109},[69,4321,113],{"class":83},[69,4323,3579],{"class":109},[69,4325,113],{"class":83},[69,4327,429],{"class":94},[69,4329,342],{"class":83},[14,4331,643],{},[60,4333,4335],{"className":62,"code":4334,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"True\nTrue\n",[17,4336,4337,4341],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,4338,4339],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,4340,355],{"class":289},[69,4342,4343],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,4344,355],{"class":289},[141,4346,1362],{"id":1361},[1369,4348,4350],{"id":4349},"passing-multiple-arguments","Passing multiple arguments",[14,4352,1375],{},[60,4354,4356],{"className":62,"code":4355,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"# Wrong\n# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[17,4357,4358,4363],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,4359,4360],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,4361,4362],{"class":128},"# Wrong\n",[69,4364,4365],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,4366,4367],{"class":128},"# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[14,4369,4370,4372],{},[17,4371,197],{}," does not take multiple separate values.",[14,4374,4375],{},"Use one iterable instead:",[60,4377,4379],{"className":62,"code":4378,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\n",[17,4380,4381],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,4382,4383,4385,4387,4389,4391,4393,4395,4397,4399,4401],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,4384,110],{"class":109},[69,4386,113],{"class":83},[69,4388,3579],{"class":109},[69,4390,260],{"class":83},[69,4392,473],{"class":87},[69,4394,91],{"class":83},[69,4396,316],{"class":87},[69,4398,91],{"class":83},[69,4400,516],{"class":87},[69,4402,275],{"class":83},[1369,4404,4406,4407,4409],{"id":4405},"assuming-all-compares-values-automatically","Assuming ",[17,4408,197],{}," compares values automatically",[14,4411,4412],{},"Some beginners expect this:",[60,4414,4416],{"className":62,"code":4415,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[17,4417,4418,4438],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,4419,4420,4422,4424,4426,4428,4430,4432,4434,4436],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,4421,801],{"class":75},[69,4423,80],{"class":79},[69,4425,84],{"class":83},[69,4427,670],{"class":87},[69,4429,91],{"class":83},[69,4431,100],{"class":87},[69,4433,91],{"class":83},[69,4435,100],{"class":87},[69,4437,103],{"class":83},[69,4439,4440,4442,4444,4446,4448,4450],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,4441,110],{"class":109},[69,4443,113],{"class":83},[69,4445,3579],{"class":109},[69,4447,113],{"class":83},[69,4449,3512],{"class":121},[69,4451,342],{"class":83},[14,4453,4454,4455,4458],{},"This does ",[22,4456,4457],{},"not"," check whether all values are equal.",[14,4460,4461,4462,4464],{},"It only checks whether all values are truthy. Since ",[17,4463,670],{}," is truthy, the result is:",[60,4466,4467],{"className":62,"code":355,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,4468,4469],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,4470,4471],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,4472,355],{"class":289},[14,4474,4475],{},"If you want to check whether all values are equal, you need a condition:",[60,4477,4479],{"className":62,"code":4478,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(x == 5 for x in numbers))\n",[17,4480,4481,4501],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,4482,4483,4485,4487,4489,4491,4493,4495,4497,4499],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,4484,801],{"class":75},[69,4486,80],{"class":79},[69,4488,84],{"class":83},[69,4490,670],{"class":87},[69,4492,91],{"class":83},[69,4494,100],{"class":87},[69,4496,91],{"class":83},[69,4498,100],{"class":87},[69,4500,103],{"class":83},[69,4502,4503,4505,4507,4509,4511,4513,4515,4517,4519,4521,4523,4525],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,4504,110],{"class":109},[69,4506,113],{"class":83},[69,4508,3579],{"class":109},[69,4510,113],{"class":83},[69,4512,849],{"class":121},[69,4514,992],{"class":79},[69,4516,100],{"class":87},[69,4518,857],{"class":773},[69,4520,860],{"class":121},[69,4522,780],{"class":773},[69,4524,865],{"class":121},[69,4526,342],{"class":83},[1369,4528,4530,4531,4533],{"id":4529},"forgetting-that-0-and-empty-strings-are-falsy","Forgetting that ",[17,4532,88],{}," and empty strings are falsy",[60,4535,4537],{"className":62,"code":4536,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(all([1, 2, 0]))       # False\nprint(all(['a', 'b', '']))  # False\n",[17,4538,4539,4565],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,4540,4541,4543,4545,4547,4549,4551,4553,4555,4557,4559,4562],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,4542,110],{"class":109},[69,4544,113],{"class":83},[69,4546,3579],{"class":109},[69,4548,260],{"class":83},[69,4550,473],{"class":87},[69,4552,91],{"class":83},[69,4554,316],{"class":87},[69,4556,91],{"class":83},[69,4558,267],{"class":87},[69,4560,4561],{"class":83},"]))",[69,4563,4564],{"class":128},"       # False\n",[69,4566,4567,4569,4571,4573,4575,4577,4579,4581,4583,4585,4588,4590,4592,4594,4596],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,4568,110],{"class":109},[69,4570,113],{"class":83},[69,4572,3579],{"class":109},[69,4574,260],{"class":83},[69,4576,488],{"class":94},[69,4578,192],{"class":336},[69,4580,488],{"class":94},[69,4582,91],{"class":83},[69,4584,3161],{"class":94},[69,4586,4587],{"class":336},"b",[69,4589,488],{"class":94},[69,4591,91],{"class":83},[69,4593,95],{"class":94},[69,4595,4561],{"class":83},[69,4597,4598],{"class":128},"  # False\n",[14,4600,4601,4602,25],{},"A single falsy value makes the whole result ",[17,4603,57],{},[1369,4605,4607,4608,4610,4611],{"id":4606},"not-understanding-why-all-is-true","Not understanding why ",[17,4609,3466],{}," is ",[17,4612,53],{},[14,4614,4615],{},"This is expected behavior:",[60,4617,4619],{"className":62,"code":4618,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(all([]))  # True\n",[17,4620,4621],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,4622,4623,4625,4627,4629,4632],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,4624,110],{"class":109},[69,4626,113],{"class":83},[69,4628,3579],{"class":109},[69,4630,4631],{"class":83},"([]))",[69,4633,129],{"class":128},[14,4635,4636,4637,4639],{},"It does not mean the list contains ",[17,4638,53],{},". It means there is no item that fails the check.",[14,4641,4642],{},"Useful quick tests:",[60,4644,4646],{"className":62,"code":4645,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([1, 0, 3]))\nprint([bool(x) for x in [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]])\nprint(all(x > 0 for x in [1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([]))\n",[17,4647,4648,4670,4692,4739,4775],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,4649,4650,4652,4654,4656,4658,4660,4662,4664,4666,4668],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,4651,110],{"class":109},[69,4653,113],{"class":83},[69,4655,3579],{"class":109},[69,4657,260],{"class":83},[69,4659,473],{"class":87},[69,4661,91],{"class":83},[69,4663,316],{"class":87},[69,4665,91],{"class":83},[69,4667,516],{"class":87},[69,4669,275],{"class":83},[69,4671,4672,4674,4676,4678,4680,4682,4684,4686,4688,4690],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,4673,110],{"class":109},[69,4675,113],{"class":83},[69,4677,3579],{"class":109},[69,4679,260],{"class":83},[69,4681,473],{"class":87},[69,4683,91],{"class":83},[69,4685,267],{"class":87},[69,4687,91],{"class":83},[69,4689,516],{"class":87},[69,4691,275],{"class":83},[69,4693,4694,4696,4698,4700,4702,4704,4706,4708,4710,4712,4714,4716,4718,4720,4722,4724,4726,4728,4730,4732,4734,4736],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,4695,110],{"class":109},[69,4697,260],{"class":83},[69,4699,3709],{"class":1126},[69,4701,113],{"class":83},[69,4703,2041],{"class":121},[69,4705,3525],{"class":83},[69,4707,857],{"class":773},[69,4709,860],{"class":121},[69,4711,780],{"class":773},[69,4713,84],{"class":83},[69,4715,473],{"class":87},[69,4717,91],{"class":83},[69,4719,267],{"class":87},[69,4721,91],{"class":83},[69,4723,95],{"class":94},[69,4725,91],{"class":83},[69,4727,3161],{"class":94},[69,4729,337],{"class":336},[69,4731,488],{"class":94},[69,4733,91],{"class":83},[69,4735,567],{"class":289},[69,4737,4738],{"class":83},"]])\n",[69,4740,4741,4743,4745,4747,4749,4751,4753,4755,4757,4759,4761,4763,4765,4767,4769,4771,4773],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,4742,110],{"class":109},[69,4744,113],{"class":83},[69,4746,3579],{"class":109},[69,4748,113],{"class":83},[69,4750,849],{"class":121},[69,4752,1578],{"class":79},[69,4754,267],{"class":87},[69,4756,857],{"class":773},[69,4758,860],{"class":121},[69,4760,780],{"class":773},[69,4762,84],{"class":83},[69,4764,473],{"class":87},[69,4766,91],{"class":83},[69,4768,316],{"class":87},[69,4770,91],{"class":83},[69,4772,516],{"class":87},[69,4774,275],{"class":83},[69,4776,4777,4779,4781,4783],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,4778,110],{"class":109},[69,4780,113],{"class":83},[69,4782,3579],{"class":109},[69,4784,1060],{"class":83},[141,4786,4788,4789],{"id":4787},"when-to-use-all","When to use ",[17,4790,197],{},[14,4792,4793,4795],{},[17,4794,197],{}," is useful when you want to check that every item passes a simple test.",[14,4797,4798],{},"Common use cases:",[30,4800,4801,4804,4807],{},[33,4802,4803],{},"check if every string in a list is non-empty",[33,4805,4806],{},"validate that all numbers meet a condition",[33,4808,4809],{},"make sure all values are valid before processing data",[14,4811,4812],{},"Example: check that every name is non-empty",[60,4814,4816],{"className":62,"code":4815,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"names = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\nprint(all(names))\n",[17,4817,4818,4854],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,4819,4820,4823,4825,4827,4829,4832,4834,4836,4838,4841,4843,4845,4847,4850,4852],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,4821,4822],{"class":75},"names ",[69,4824,80],{"class":79},[69,4826,84],{"class":83},[69,4828,488],{"class":94},[69,4830,4831],{"class":336},"Alice",[69,4833,488],{"class":94},[69,4835,91],{"class":83},[69,4837,3161],{"class":94},[69,4839,4840],{"class":336},"Bob",[69,4842,488],{"class":94},[69,4844,91],{"class":83},[69,4846,3161],{"class":94},[69,4848,4849],{"class":336},"Charlie",[69,4851,488],{"class":94},[69,4853,103],{"class":83},[69,4855,4856,4858,4860,4862,4864,4867],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,4857,110],{"class":109},[69,4859,113],{"class":83},[69,4861,3579],{"class":109},[69,4863,113],{"class":83},[69,4865,4866],{"class":121},"names",[69,4868,342],{"class":83},[14,4870,643],{},[60,4872,4873],{"className":62,"code":355,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,4874,4875],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,4876,4877],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,4878,355],{"class":289},[14,4880,4881],{},"Example: check that every score is at least 50",[60,4883,4885],{"className":62,"code":4884,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"scores = [75, 80, 50]\nprint(all(score >= 50 for score in scores))\n",[17,4886,4887,4911],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,4888,4889,4892,4894,4896,4899,4901,4904,4906,4909],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,4890,4891],{"class":75},"scores ",[69,4893,80],{"class":79},[69,4895,84],{"class":83},[69,4897,4898],{"class":87},"75",[69,4900,91],{"class":83},[69,4902,4903],{"class":87}," 80",[69,4905,91],{"class":83},[69,4907,4908],{"class":87}," 50",[69,4910,103],{"class":83},[69,4912,4913,4915,4917,4919,4921,4924,4927,4929,4931,4934,4936,4939],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,4914,110],{"class":109},[69,4916,113],{"class":83},[69,4918,3579],{"class":109},[69,4920,113],{"class":83},[69,4922,4923],{"class":121},"score ",[69,4925,4926],{"class":79},">=",[69,4928,4908],{"class":87},[69,4930,857],{"class":773},[69,4932,4933],{"class":121}," score ",[69,4935,780],{"class":773},[69,4937,4938],{"class":121}," scores",[69,4940,342],{"class":83},[14,4942,643],{},[60,4944,4945],{"className":62,"code":355,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,4946,4947],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,4948,4949],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,4950,355],{"class":289},[14,4952,4953],{},"If the logic becomes hard to read, a plain loop is often better for beginners.",[14,4955,4956,4957,587,4961,25],{},"For related tasks, see ",[192,4958,4960],{"href":4959},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python","how to filter a list in Python",[192,4962,375],{"href":4963},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained",[141,4965,1651],{"id":1650},[1369,4967,4969,4970,4972],{"id":4968},"what-does-all-return-in-python","What does ",[17,4971,197],{}," return in Python?",[14,4974,1658,4975,4977,4978,4980],{},[17,4976,53],{}," if every item in the iterable is truthy. It returns ",[17,4979,57],{}," if at least one item is falsy.",[1369,4982,4984,4985,4987,4988,2359],{"id":4983},"why-does-all-return-true","Why does ",[17,4986,3466],{}," return ",[17,4989,53],{},[14,4991,4992],{},"Because there are no items in the iterable that fail the test.",[1369,4994,4996,4997,4999],{"id":4995},"can-all-take-multiple-values-directly","Can ",[17,4998,197],{}," take multiple values directly?",[14,5001,5002],{},"No. It takes one iterable argument, such as a list or tuple.",[1369,5004,5006,5007,587,5009,2359],{"id":5005},"what-is-the-difference-between-all-and-any","What is the difference between ",[17,5008,197],{},[17,5010,19],{},[14,5012,5013,5015,5016,5018,5019,25],{},[17,5014,197],{}," needs every item to be truthy. ",[17,5017,19],{}," needs at least one item to be truthy. See ",[192,5020,3441,5021,1780],{"href":1830},[17,5022,19],{},[141,5024,1771],{"id":1770},[30,5026,5027,5033,5037,5041,5046,5051],{},[33,5028,5029],{},[192,5030,3441,5031,1780],{"href":1830},[17,5032,19],{},[33,5034,5035],{},[192,5036,586],{"href":3654},[33,5038,5039],{},[192,5040,1789],{"href":4963},[33,5042,5043],{},[192,5044,5045],{"href":4959},"How to filter a list in Python",[33,5047,5048],{},[192,5049,5050],{"href":4224},"How to use list comprehensions in Python",[33,5052,5053],{},[192,5054,5055],{"href":4228},"What is an iterable in Python",[1802,5057,5058],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":5060},[5061,5062,5064,5065,5070,5072,5073,5082,5084,5094],{"id":3472,"depth":106,"text":3473},{"id":3539,"depth":106,"text":5063},"What all() does",{"id":378,"depth":106,"text":379},{"id":3768,"depth":106,"text":3769,"children":5066},[5067,5068,5069],{"id":3772,"depth":300,"text":3773},{"id":3832,"depth":300,"text":3833},{"id":3895,"depth":300,"text":3896},{"id":4031,"depth":106,"text":5071},"How all() works with conditions",{"id":4232,"depth":106,"text":4233},{"id":1361,"depth":106,"text":1362,"children":5074},[5075,5076,5078,5080],{"id":4349,"depth":300,"text":4350},{"id":4405,"depth":300,"text":5077},"Assuming all() compares values automatically",{"id":4529,"depth":300,"text":5079},"Forgetting that 0 and empty strings are falsy",{"id":4606,"depth":300,"text":5081},"Not understanding why all([]) is True",{"id":4787,"depth":106,"text":5083},"When to use all()",{"id":1650,"depth":106,"text":1651,"children":5085},[5086,5088,5090,5092],{"id":4968,"depth":300,"text":5087},"What does all() return in Python?",{"id":4983,"depth":300,"text":5089},"Why does all([]) return True?",{"id":4995,"depth":300,"text":5091},"Can all() take multiple values directly?",{"id":5005,"depth":300,"text":5093},"What is the difference between all() and any()?",{"id":1770,"depth":106,"text":1771},"Master python all function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner 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bool() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":6604,"toc":8702},[6605,6608,6617,6627,6629,6726,6728,6757,6773,6777,6782,6785,6795,6801,6807,6823,6825,6833,6840,6844,6847,6862,6867,6885,6890,6892,6940,6942,6959,6963,6969,6972,7007,7009,7115,7117,7154,7158,7166,7168,7188,7190,7311,7313,7342,7345,7368,7370,7378,7386,7390,7396,7400,7443,7445,7453,7456,7484,7486,7494,7498,7527,7529,7537,7569,7571,7579,7583,7634,7636,7644,7652,7656,7659,7712,7714,7735,7742,7746,7752,7755,7763,7785,7787,7795,7803,7826,7828,7836,7841,7846,7858,7860,7901,7912,7916,7925,7928,7931,7990,7993,8045,8048,8054,8070,8076,8078,8083,8092,8095,8117,8119,8127,8132,8135,8170,8172,8180,8184,8189,8227,8239,8242,8297,8305,8309,8312,8334,8343,8346,8387,8389,8412,8418,8424,8439,8441,8461,8464,8483,8485,8504,8508,8514,8593,8596,8610,8617,8619,8623,8630,8634,8638,8642,8647,8651,8656,8660,8667,8669,8699],[10,6606,6602],{"id":6607},"python-bool-function-explained",[14,6609,1845,6610,6612,6613,54,6615,25],{},[17,6611,593],{}," function converts a value to either ",[17,6614,53],{},[17,6616,57],{},[14,6618,6619,6620,6622,6623,6626],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a value counts as \"true\" or \"false\" in Python. Beginners often use ",[17,6621,593],{}," to understand how values behave in ",[17,6624,6625],{},"if"," statements and other conditions.",[141,6628,3473],{"id":3472},[60,6630,6632],{"className":62,"code":6631,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(1))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\n",[17,6633,6634,6648,6662,6676,6694,6704],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,6635,6636,6638,6640,6642,6644,6646],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,6637,110],{"class":109},[69,6639,113],{"class":83},[69,6641,3709],{"class":1126},[69,6643,113],{"class":83},[69,6645,88],{"class":87},[69,6647,342],{"class":83},[69,6649,6650,6652,6654,6656,6658,6660],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,6651,110],{"class":109},[69,6653,113],{"class":83},[69,6655,3709],{"class":1126},[69,6657,113],{"class":83},[69,6659,473],{"class":87},[69,6661,342],{"class":83},[69,6663,6664,6666,6668,6670,6672,6674],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,6665,110],{"class":109},[69,6667,113],{"class":83},[69,6669,3709],{"class":1126},[69,6671,113],{"class":83},[69,6673,1111],{"class":94},[69,6675,342],{"class":83},[69,6677,6678,6680,6682,6684,6686,6688,6690,6692],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,6679,110],{"class":109},[69,6681,113],{"class":83},[69,6683,3709],{"class":1126},[69,6685,113],{"class":83},[69,6687,333],{"class":94},[69,6689,337],{"class":336},[69,6691,333],{"class":94},[69,6693,342],{"class":83},[69,6695,6696,6698,6700,6702],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,6697,110],{"class":109},[69,6699,113],{"class":83},[69,6701,3709],{"class":1126},[69,6703,1060],{"class":83},[69,6705,6706,6708,6710,6712,6714,6716,6718,6720,6722,6724],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,6707,110],{"class":109},[69,6709,113],{"class":83},[69,6711,3709],{"class":1126},[69,6713,260],{"class":83},[69,6715,473],{"class":87},[69,6717,91],{"class":83},[69,6719,316],{"class":87},[69,6721,91],{"class":83},[69,6723,516],{"class":87},[69,6725,275],{"class":83},[14,6727,345],{},[60,6729,6731],{"className":62,"code":6730,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"False\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\n",[17,6732,6733,6737,6741,6745,6749,6753],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,6734,6735],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,6736,360],{"class":289},[69,6738,6739],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,6740,355],{"class":289},[69,6742,6743],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,6744,360],{"class":289},[69,6746,6747],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,6748,355],{"class":289},[69,6750,6751],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,6752,360],{"class":289},[69,6754,6755],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,6756,355],{"class":289},[14,6758,132,6759,6762,6763,54,6765,6767,6768,6770,6771,25],{},[17,6760,6761],{},"bool(value)"," to convert a value to ",[17,6764,53],{},[17,6766,57],{},". Empty and zero-like values become ",[17,6769,57],{},". Most other values become ",[17,6772,53],{},[141,6774,6776],{"id":6775},"what-bool-does","What bool() does",[14,6778,6779,6781],{},[17,6780,593],{}," converts a value into a Boolean result.",[14,6783,6784],{},"A Boolean value can only be one of these:",[30,6786,6787,6791],{},[33,6788,6789],{},[17,6790,53],{},[33,6792,6793],{},[17,6794,57],{},[14,6796,6797,6798,6800],{},"This is especially useful in conditions such as ",[17,6799,6625],{}," statements.",[14,6802,6803,6804,6806],{},"You can also call ",[17,6805,593],{}," with no argument:",[60,6808,6810],{"className":62,"code":6809,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(bool())\n",[17,6811,6812],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,6813,6814,6816,6818,6820],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,6815,110],{"class":109},[69,6817,113],{"class":83},[69,6819,3709],{"class":1126},[69,6821,6822],{"class":83},"())\n",[14,6824,643],{},[60,6826,6827],{"className":62,"code":360,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,6828,6829],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,6830,6831],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,6832,360],{"class":289},[14,6834,6835,6836,25],{},"If you are new to Boolean values, see ",[192,6837,6839],{"href":6838},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-boolean-in-python\u002F","what a Boolean means in Python",[141,6841,6843],{"id":6842},"bool-syntax","bool() syntax",[14,6845,6846],{},"The basic syntax is:",[60,6848,6850],{"className":62,"code":6849,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"bool(value)\n",[17,6851,6852],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,6853,6854,6856,6858,6860],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,6855,3709],{"class":1126},[69,6857,113],{"class":83},[69,6859,2339],{"class":121},[69,6861,221],{"class":83},[14,6863,1845,6864,6866],{},[17,6865,2339],{}," can be many different types, such as:",[30,6868,6869,6871,6873,6875,6877,6880,6882],{},[33,6870,3512],{},[33,6872,44],{},[33,6874,35],{},[33,6876,38],{},[33,6878,6879],{},"dictionaries",[33,6881,41],{},[33,6883,6884],{},"other objects",[14,6886,6887,6888,25],{},"If you do not pass any value, Python returns ",[17,6889,57],{},[14,6891,2076],{},[60,6893,6895],{"className":62,"code":6894,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(bool(10))\nprint(bool(\"Python\"))\nprint(bool())\n",[17,6896,6897,6911,6930],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,6898,6899,6901,6903,6905,6907,6909],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,6900,110],{"class":109},[69,6902,113],{"class":83},[69,6904,3709],{"class":1126},[69,6906,113],{"class":83},[69,6908,2197],{"class":87},[69,6910,342],{"class":83},[69,6912,6913,6915,6917,6919,6921,6923,6926,6928],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,6914,110],{"class":109},[69,6916,113],{"class":83},[69,6918,3709],{"class":1126},[69,6920,113],{"class":83},[69,6922,333],{"class":94},[69,6924,6925],{"class":336},"Python",[69,6927,333],{"class":94},[69,6929,342],{"class":83},[69,6931,6932,6934,6936,6938],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,6933,110],{"class":109},[69,6935,113],{"class":83},[69,6937,3709],{"class":1126},[69,6939,6822],{"class":83},[14,6941,643],{},[60,6943,6945],{"className":62,"code":6944,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"True\nTrue\nFalse\n",[17,6946,6947,6951,6955],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,6948,6949],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,6950,355],{"class":289},[69,6952,6953],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,6954,355],{"class":289},[69,6956,6957],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,6958,360],{"class":289},[141,6960,6962],{"id":6961},"values-that-become-false","Values that become False",[14,6964,6965,6966,6968],{},"Some values are treated as false in Python. These are often called ",[22,6967,388],{}," values.",[14,6970,6971],{},"Common examples:",[30,6973,6974,6978,6982,6986,6990,6995,6999,7003],{},[33,6975,6976],{},[17,6977,88],{},[33,6979,6980],{},[17,6981,424],{},[33,6983,6984],{},[17,6985,1111],{},[33,6987,6988],{},[17,6989,434],{},[33,6991,6992],{},[17,6993,6994],{},"()",[33,6996,6997],{},[17,6998,439],{},[33,7000,7001],{},[17,7002,444],{},[33,7004,7005],{},[17,7006,449],{},[14,7008,2076],{},[60,7010,7012],{"className":62,"code":7011,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(0.0))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool(()))\nprint(bool({}))\nprint(bool(set()))\nprint(bool(None))\n",[17,7013,7014,7028,7042,7056,7066,7076,7087,7101],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,7015,7016,7018,7020,7022,7024,7026],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,7017,110],{"class":109},[69,7019,113],{"class":83},[69,7021,3709],{"class":1126},[69,7023,113],{"class":83},[69,7025,88],{"class":87},[69,7027,342],{"class":83},[69,7029,7030,7032,7034,7036,7038,7040],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,7031,110],{"class":109},[69,7033,113],{"class":83},[69,7035,3709],{"class":1126},[69,7037,113],{"class":83},[69,7039,424],{"class":87},[69,7041,342],{"class":83},[69,7043,7044,7046,7048,7050,7052,7054],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,7045,110],{"class":109},[69,7047,113],{"class":83},[69,7049,3709],{"class":1126},[69,7051,113],{"class":83},[69,7053,1111],{"class":94},[69,7055,342],{"class":83},[69,7057,7058,7060,7062,7064],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,7059,110],{"class":109},[69,7061,113],{"class":83},[69,7063,3709],{"class":1126},[69,7065,1060],{"class":83},[69,7067,7068,7070,7072,7074],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,7069,110],{"class":109},[69,7071,113],{"class":83},[69,7073,3709],{"class":1126},[69,7075,1098],{"class":83},[69,7077,7078,7080,7082,7084],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,7079,110],{"class":109},[69,7081,113],{"class":83},[69,7083,3709],{"class":1126},[69,7085,7086],{"class":83},"({}))\n",[69,7088,7089,7091,7093,7095,7097,7099],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,7090,110],{"class":109},[69,7092,113],{"class":83},[69,7094,3709],{"class":1126},[69,7096,113],{"class":83},[69,7098,1127],{"class":1126},[69,7100,1130],{"class":83},[69,7102,7103,7105,7107,7109,7111,7113],{"class":71,"line":1269},[69,7104,110],{"class":109},[69,7106,113],{"class":83},[69,7108,3709],{"class":1126},[69,7110,113],{"class":83},[69,7112,449],{"class":289},[69,7114,342],{"class":83},[14,7116,643],{},[60,7118,7120],{"className":62,"code":7119,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"False\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\n",[17,7121,7122,7126,7130,7134,7138,7142,7146,7150],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,7123,7124],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,7125,360],{"class":289},[69,7127,7128],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,7129,360],{"class":289},[69,7131,7132],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,7133,360],{"class":289},[69,7135,7136],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,7137,360],{"class":289},[69,7139,7140],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,7141,360],{"class":289},[69,7143,7144],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,7145,360],{"class":289},[69,7147,7148],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,7149,360],{"class":289},[69,7151,7152],{"class":71,"line":1269},[69,7153,360],{"class":289},[141,7155,7157],{"id":7156},"values-that-become-true","Values that become True",[14,7159,7160,7161,7163,7164,6968],{},"Many values become ",[17,7162,53],{},". These are often called ",[22,7165,385],{},[14,7167,6971],{},[30,7169,7170,7173,7176,7179,7182,7185],{},[33,7171,7172],{},"non-zero numbers",[33,7174,7175],{},"non-empty strings",[33,7177,7178],{},"non-empty lists",[33,7180,7181],{},"non-empty tuples",[33,7183,7184],{},"non-empty sets",[33,7186,7187],{},"non-empty dictionaries",[14,7189,2076],{},[60,7191,7193],{"className":62,"code":7192,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(bool(5))\nprint(bool(-2))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(bool((1, 2)))\nprint(bool({\"name\": \"Sam\"}))\n",[17,7194,7195,7209,7225,7243,7265,7283],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,7196,7197,7199,7201,7203,7205,7207],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,7198,110],{"class":109},[69,7200,113],{"class":83},[69,7202,3709],{"class":1126},[69,7204,113],{"class":83},[69,7206,670],{"class":87},[69,7208,342],{"class":83},[69,7210,7211,7213,7215,7217,7219,7221,7223],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,7212,110],{"class":109},[69,7214,113],{"class":83},[69,7216,3709],{"class":1126},[69,7218,113],{"class":83},[69,7220,1889],{"class":79},[69,7222,821],{"class":87},[69,7224,342],{"class":83},[69,7226,7227,7229,7231,7233,7235,7237,7239,7241],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,7228,110],{"class":109},[69,7230,113],{"class":83},[69,7232,3709],{"class":1126},[69,7234,113],{"class":83},[69,7236,333],{"class":94},[69,7238,337],{"class":336},[69,7240,333],{"class":94},[69,7242,342],{"class":83},[69,7244,7245,7247,7249,7251,7253,7255,7257,7259,7261,7263],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,7246,110],{"class":109},[69,7248,113],{"class":83},[69,7250,3709],{"class":1126},[69,7252,260],{"class":83},[69,7254,473],{"class":87},[69,7256,91],{"class":83},[69,7258,316],{"class":87},[69,7260,91],{"class":83},[69,7262,516],{"class":87},[69,7264,275],{"class":83},[69,7266,7267,7269,7271,7273,7275,7277,7279,7281],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,7268,110],{"class":109},[69,7270,113],{"class":83},[69,7272,3709],{"class":1126},[69,7274,286],{"class":83},[69,7276,473],{"class":87},[69,7278,91],{"class":83},[69,7280,316],{"class":87},[69,7282,297],{"class":83},[69,7284,7285,7287,7289,7291,7293,7295,7298,7300,7302,7304,7307,7309],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,7286,110],{"class":109},[69,7288,113],{"class":83},[69,7290,3709],{"class":1126},[69,7292,309],{"class":83},[69,7294,333],{"class":94},[69,7296,7297],{"class":336},"name",[69,7299,333],{"class":94},[69,7301,1044],{"class":83},[69,7303,964],{"class":94},[69,7305,7306],{"class":336},"Sam",[69,7308,333],{"class":94},[69,7310,319],{"class":83},[14,7312,643],{},[60,7314,7316],{"className":62,"code":7315,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"True\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\n",[17,7317,7318,7322,7326,7330,7334,7338],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,7319,7320],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,7321,355],{"class":289},[69,7323,7324],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,7325,355],{"class":289},[69,7327,7328],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,7329,355],{"class":289},[69,7331,7332],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,7333,355],{"class":289},[69,7335,7336],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,7337,355],{"class":289},[69,7339,7340],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,7341,355],{"class":289},[14,7343,7344],{},"One important example is this:",[60,7346,7348],{"className":62,"code":7347,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(bool(\"False\"))\n",[17,7349,7350],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,7351,7352,7354,7356,7358,7360,7362,7364,7366],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,7353,110],{"class":109},[69,7355,113],{"class":83},[69,7357,3709],{"class":1126},[69,7359,113],{"class":83},[69,7361,333],{"class":94},[69,7363,57],{"class":336},[69,7365,333],{"class":94},[69,7367,342],{"class":83},[14,7369,643],{},[60,7371,7372],{"className":62,"code":355,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,7373,7374],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,7375,7376],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,7377,355],{"class":289},[14,7379,7380,7381,7383,7384,25],{},"Even though the text says ",[17,7382,1530],{},", it is still a non-empty string, so Python treats it as ",[17,7385,53],{},[141,7387,7389],{"id":7388},"using-bool-in-real-code","Using bool() in real code",[14,7391,7392,7393,7395],{},"You can use ",[17,7394,593],{}," in simple programs to make your code easier to understand.",[1369,7397,7399],{"id":7398},"check-whether-a-list-has-items","Check whether a list has items",[60,7401,7403],{"className":62,"code":7402,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(bool(items))\n",[17,7404,7405,7428],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,7406,7407,7410,7412,7414,7416,7418,7421,7423,7426],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,7408,7409],{"class":75},"items ",[69,7411,80],{"class":79},[69,7413,84],{"class":83},[69,7415,2197],{"class":87},[69,7417,91],{"class":83},[69,7419,7420],{"class":87}," 20",[69,7422,91],{"class":83},[69,7424,7425],{"class":87}," 30",[69,7427,103],{"class":83},[69,7429,7430,7432,7434,7436,7438,7441],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,7431,110],{"class":109},[69,7433,113],{"class":83},[69,7435,3709],{"class":1126},[69,7437,113],{"class":83},[69,7439,7440],{"class":121},"items",[69,7442,342],{"class":83},[14,7444,643],{},[60,7446,7447],{"className":62,"code":355,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,7448,7449],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,7450,7451],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,7452,355],{"class":289},[14,7454,7455],{},"With an empty list:",[60,7457,7459],{"className":62,"code":7458,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = []\nprint(bool(items))\n",[17,7460,7461,7470],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,7462,7463,7465,7467],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,7464,7409],{"class":75},[69,7466,80],{"class":79},[69,7468,7469],{"class":83}," []\n",[69,7471,7472,7474,7476,7478,7480,7482],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,7473,110],{"class":109},[69,7475,113],{"class":83},[69,7477,3709],{"class":1126},[69,7479,113],{"class":83},[69,7481,7440],{"class":121},[69,7483,342],{"class":83},[14,7485,643],{},[60,7487,7488],{"className":62,"code":360,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,7489,7490],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,7491,7492],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,7493,360],{"class":289},[1369,7495,7497],{"id":7496},"check-whether-a-string-is-empty","Check whether a string is empty",[60,7499,7501],{"className":62,"code":7500,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"name = \"\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[17,7502,7503,7513],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,7504,7505,7508,7510],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,7506,7507],{"class":75},"name ",[69,7509,80],{"class":79},[69,7511,7512],{"class":94}," \"\"\n",[69,7514,7515,7517,7519,7521,7523,7525],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,7516,110],{"class":109},[69,7518,113],{"class":83},[69,7520,3709],{"class":1126},[69,7522,113],{"class":83},[69,7524,7297],{"class":121},[69,7526,342],{"class":83},[14,7528,643],{},[60,7530,7531],{"className":62,"code":360,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,7532,7533],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,7534,7535],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,7536,360],{"class":289},[60,7538,7540],{"className":62,"code":7539,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"name = \"Mia\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[17,7541,7542,7555],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,7543,7544,7546,7548,7550,7553],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,7545,7507],{"class":75},[69,7547,80],{"class":79},[69,7549,964],{"class":94},[69,7551,7552],{"class":336},"Mia",[69,7554,3224],{"class":94},[69,7556,7557,7559,7561,7563,7565,7567],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,7558,110],{"class":109},[69,7560,113],{"class":83},[69,7562,3709],{"class":1126},[69,7564,113],{"class":83},[69,7566,7297],{"class":121},[69,7568,342],{"class":83},[14,7570,643],{},[60,7572,7573],{"className":62,"code":355,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,7574,7575],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,7576,7577],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,7578,355],{"class":289},[1369,7580,7582],{"id":7581},"convert-a-result-before-printing-or-storing-it","Convert a result before printing or storing it",[60,7584,7586],{"className":62,"code":7585,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"username = \"alex\"\nhas_name = bool(username)\n\nprint(has_name)\n",[17,7587,7588,7602,7619,7623],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,7589,7590,7593,7595,7597,7600],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,7591,7592],{"class":75},"username ",[69,7594,80],{"class":79},[69,7596,964],{"class":94},[69,7598,7599],{"class":336},"alex",[69,7601,3224],{"class":94},[69,7603,7604,7607,7609,7612,7614,7617],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,7605,7606],{"class":75},"has_name ",[69,7608,80],{"class":79},[69,7610,7611],{"class":1126}," bool",[69,7613,113],{"class":83},[69,7615,7616],{"class":121},"username",[69,7618,221],{"class":83},[69,7620,7621],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,7622,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,7624,7625,7627,7629,7632],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,7626,110],{"class":109},[69,7628,113],{"class":83},[69,7630,7631],{"class":121},"has_name",[69,7633,221],{"class":83},[14,7635,643],{},[60,7637,7638],{"className":62,"code":355,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,7639,7640],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,7641,7642],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,7643,355],{"class":289},[14,7645,7646,7647,54,7649,7651],{},"This can be useful when you want a clear ",[17,7648,53],{},[17,7650,57],{}," value instead of checking the original value later.",[1369,7653,7655],{"id":7654},"help-understand-conditions","Help understand conditions",[14,7657,7658],{},"Python already checks truthy and falsy values in conditions.",[60,7660,7662],{"className":62,"code":7661,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif numbers:\n    print(\"The list is not empty\")\n",[17,7663,7664,7684,7688,7696],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,7665,7666,7668,7670,7672,7674,7676,7678,7680,7682],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,7667,801],{"class":75},[69,7669,80],{"class":79},[69,7671,84],{"class":83},[69,7673,473],{"class":87},[69,7675,91],{"class":83},[69,7677,316],{"class":87},[69,7679,91],{"class":83},[69,7681,516],{"class":87},[69,7683,103],{"class":83},[69,7685,7686],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,7687,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,7689,7690,7692,7694],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,7691,6625],{"class":773},[69,7693,865],{"class":75},[69,7695,1235],{"class":83},[69,7697,7698,7701,7703,7705,7708,7710],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,7699,7700],{"class":109},"    print",[69,7702,113],{"class":83},[69,7704,333],{"class":94},[69,7706,7707],{"class":336},"The list is not empty",[69,7709,333],{"class":94},[69,7711,221],{"class":83},[14,7713,643],{},[60,7715,7717],{"className":62,"code":7716,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"The list is not empty\n",[17,7718,7719],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,7720,7721,7723,7726,7729,7732],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,7722,1845],{"class":75},[69,7724,7725],{"class":1126},"list",[69,7727,7728],{"class":79}," is",[69,7730,7731],{"class":79}," not",[69,7733,7734],{"class":75}," empty\n",[14,7736,7737,7738,25],{},"To learn more about conditions, see ",[192,7739,7741],{"href":7740},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-if-statements-explained\u002F","Python if statements explained",[141,7743,7745],{"id":7744},"important-beginner-warning","Important beginner warning",[14,7747,7748,7749,7751],{},"A very common mistake is expecting ",[17,7750,593],{}," to understand the meaning of text.",[14,7753,7754],{},"It does not do that.",[1369,7756,7758,678,7761],{"id":7757},"boolfalse-returns-true",[17,7759,7760],{},"bool(\"False\")",[17,7762,53],{},[60,7764,7765],{"className":62,"code":7347,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,7766,7767],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,7768,7769,7771,7773,7775,7777,7779,7781,7783],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,7770,110],{"class":109},[69,7772,113],{"class":83},[69,7774,3709],{"class":1126},[69,7776,113],{"class":83},[69,7778,333],{"class":94},[69,7780,57],{"class":336},[69,7782,333],{"class":94},[69,7784,342],{"class":83},[14,7786,643],{},[60,7788,7789],{"className":62,"code":355,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,7790,7791],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,7792,7793],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,7794,355],{"class":289},[1369,7796,7798,678,7801],{"id":7797},"bool0-returns-true",[17,7799,7800],{},"bool(\"0\")",[17,7802,53],{},[60,7804,7806],{"className":62,"code":7805,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(bool(\"0\"))\n",[17,7807,7808],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,7809,7810,7812,7814,7816,7818,7820,7822,7824],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,7811,110],{"class":109},[69,7813,113],{"class":83},[69,7815,3709],{"class":1126},[69,7817,113],{"class":83},[69,7819,333],{"class":94},[69,7821,88],{"class":336},[69,7823,333],{"class":94},[69,7825,342],{"class":83},[14,7827,643],{},[60,7829,7830],{"className":62,"code":355,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,7831,7832],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,7833,7834],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,7835,355],{"class":289},[14,7837,7838,7839,25],{},"This happens because both values are ",[22,7840,7175],{},[14,7842,7843,7845],{},[17,7844,593],{}," does not read the word and decide what it means. It only checks whether the value is empty or not.",[14,7847,7848,7849,7854,7855,7857],{},"This matters a lot when working with ",[192,7850,7852],{"href":7851},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained\u002F",[17,7853,2825],{},", because ",[17,7856,2825],{}," always returns a string.",[14,7859,2076],{},[60,7861,7863],{"className":62,"code":7862,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"user_value = input(\"Enter True or False: \")\nprint(bool(user_value))\n",[17,7864,7865,7886],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,7866,7867,7870,7872,7875,7877,7879,7882,7884],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,7868,7869],{"class":75},"user_value ",[69,7871,80],{"class":79},[69,7873,7874],{"class":109}," input",[69,7876,113],{"class":83},[69,7878,333],{"class":94},[69,7880,7881],{"class":336},"Enter True or False: ",[69,7883,333],{"class":94},[69,7885,221],{"class":83},[69,7887,7888,7890,7892,7894,7896,7899],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,7889,110],{"class":109},[69,7891,113],{"class":83},[69,7893,3709],{"class":1126},[69,7895,113],{"class":83},[69,7897,7898],{"class":121},"user_value",[69,7900,342],{"class":83},[14,7902,7903,7904,7906,7907,7854,7909,7911],{},"If the user types ",[17,7905,57],{},", the result will still be ",[17,7908,53],{},[17,7910,1530],{}," is not empty.",[141,7913,7915],{"id":7914},"when-you-may-not-need-bool","When you may not need bool()",[14,7917,7918,7919,7921,7922,7924],{},"In many ",[17,7920,6625],{}," statements, you do not need to write ",[17,7923,593],{}," yourself.",[14,7926,7927],{},"Python already checks truthiness for you.",[14,7929,7930],{},"Instead of this:",[60,7932,7934],{"className":62,"code":7933,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif bool(my_list):\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[17,7935,7936,7957,7961,7975],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,7937,7938,7941,7943,7945,7947,7949,7951,7953,7955],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,7939,7940],{"class":75},"my_list ",[69,7942,80],{"class":79},[69,7944,84],{"class":83},[69,7946,473],{"class":87},[69,7948,91],{"class":83},[69,7950,316],{"class":87},[69,7952,91],{"class":83},[69,7954,516],{"class":87},[69,7956,103],{"class":83},[69,7958,7959],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,7960,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,7962,7963,7965,7967,7969,7972],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,7964,6625],{"class":773},[69,7966,7611],{"class":1126},[69,7968,113],{"class":83},[69,7970,7971],{"class":121},"my_list",[69,7973,7974],{"class":83},"):\n",[69,7976,7977,7979,7981,7983,7986,7988],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,7978,7700],{"class":109},[69,7980,113],{"class":83},[69,7982,333],{"class":94},[69,7984,7985],{"class":336},"List has items",[69,7987,333],{"class":94},[69,7989,221],{"class":83},[14,7991,7992],{},"You can simply write:",[60,7994,7996],{"className":62,"code":7995,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif my_list:\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[17,7997,7998,8018,8022,8031],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,7999,8000,8002,8004,8006,8008,8010,8012,8014,8016],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,8001,7940],{"class":75},[69,8003,80],{"class":79},[69,8005,84],{"class":83},[69,8007,473],{"class":87},[69,8009,91],{"class":83},[69,8011,316],{"class":87},[69,8013,91],{"class":83},[69,8015,516],{"class":87},[69,8017,103],{"class":83},[69,8019,8020],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,8021,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,8023,8024,8026,8029],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,8025,6625],{"class":773},[69,8027,8028],{"class":75}," my_list",[69,8030,1235],{"class":83},[69,8032,8033,8035,8037,8039,8041,8043],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,8034,7700],{"class":109},[69,8036,113],{"class":83},[69,8038,333],{"class":94},[69,8040,7985],{"class":336},[69,8042,333],{"class":94},[69,8044,221],{"class":83},[14,8046,8047],{},"Both examples work.",[14,8049,8050,8051,8053],{},"Using ",[17,8052,593],{}," is still helpful when:",[30,8055,8056,8059,8067],{},[33,8057,8058],{},"you are learning how truthy and falsy values work",[33,8060,8061,8062,54,8064,8066],{},"you want to store a real ",[17,8063,53],{},[17,8065,57],{}," value",[33,8068,8069],{},"you want to print the result clearly while debugging",[14,8071,8072,8073,25],{},"If you want to inspect the type of a value, see ",[192,8074,8075],{"href":2165},"Python type() function explained",[141,8077,2698],{"id":2697},[14,8079,8080,8081,25],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with ",[17,8082,593],{},[1369,8084,8086,8087,8089,8090],{"id":8085},"expecting-boolfalse-to-return-false","Expecting ",[17,8088,7760],{}," to return ",[17,8091,57],{},[14,8093,8094],{},"This is one of the most common problems.",[60,8096,8097],{"className":62,"code":7347,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,8098,8099],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,8100,8101,8103,8105,8107,8109,8111,8113,8115],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,8102,110],{"class":109},[69,8104,113],{"class":83},[69,8106,3709],{"class":1126},[69,8108,113],{"class":83},[69,8110,333],{"class":94},[69,8112,57],{"class":336},[69,8114,333],{"class":94},[69,8116,342],{"class":83},[14,8118,643],{},[60,8120,8121],{"className":62,"code":355,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,8122,8123],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,8124,8125],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,8126,355],{"class":289},[14,8128,8129,8130,1531],{},"Why? Because ",[17,8131,1530],{},[14,8133,8134],{},"If you want to check the actual text, compare the string directly:",[60,8136,8138],{"className":62,"code":8137,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = \"False\"\nprint(value == \"True\")\n",[17,8139,8140,8152],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,8141,8142,8144,8146,8148,8150],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,8143,2313],{"class":75},[69,8145,80],{"class":79},[69,8147,964],{"class":94},[69,8149,57],{"class":336},[69,8151,3224],{"class":94},[69,8153,8154,8156,8158,8160,8162,8164,8166,8168],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,8155,110],{"class":109},[69,8157,113],{"class":83},[69,8159,2313],{"class":121},[69,8161,992],{"class":79},[69,8163,964],{"class":94},[69,8165,53],{"class":336},[69,8167,333],{"class":94},[69,8169,221],{"class":83},[14,8171,643],{},[60,8173,8174],{"className":62,"code":360,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,8175,8176],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,8177,8178],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,8179,360],{"class":289},[1369,8181,8183],{"id":8182},"using-strings-from-input-and-expecting-automatic-yesno-conversion","Using strings from input() and expecting automatic yes\u002Fno conversion",[14,8185,8186,8188],{},[17,8187,2825],{}," returns text, not real Boolean values.",[60,8190,8192],{"className":62,"code":8191,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \")\nprint(bool(value))\n",[17,8193,8194,8213],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,8195,8196,8198,8200,8202,8204,8206,8209,8211],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,8197,2313],{"class":75},[69,8199,80],{"class":79},[69,8201,7874],{"class":109},[69,8203,113],{"class":83},[69,8205,333],{"class":94},[69,8207,8208],{"class":336},"Enter yes or no: ",[69,8210,333],{"class":94},[69,8212,221],{"class":83},[69,8214,8215,8217,8219,8221,8223,8225],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,8216,110],{"class":109},[69,8218,113],{"class":83},[69,8220,3709],{"class":1126},[69,8222,113],{"class":83},[69,8224,2339],{"class":121},[69,8226,342],{"class":83},[14,8228,7903,8229,8232,8233,8235,8236,7911],{},[17,8230,8231],{},"no",", the result is still ",[17,8234,53],{}," because ",[17,8237,8238],{},"\"no\"",[14,8240,8241],{},"A safer approach is to clean the text and compare it:",[60,8243,8245],{"className":62,"code":8244,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \").strip().lower()\nprint(value == \"yes\")\n",[17,8246,8247,8278],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,8248,8249,8251,8253,8255,8257,8259,8261,8263,8266,8269,8272,8275],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,8250,2313],{"class":75},[69,8252,80],{"class":79},[69,8254,7874],{"class":109},[69,8256,113],{"class":83},[69,8258,333],{"class":94},[69,8260,8208],{"class":336},[69,8262,333],{"class":94},[69,8264,8265],{"class":83},").",[69,8267,8268],{"class":121},"strip",[69,8270,8271],{"class":83},"().",[69,8273,8274],{"class":121},"lower",[69,8276,8277],{"class":83},"()\n",[69,8279,8280,8282,8284,8286,8288,8290,8293,8295],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,8281,110],{"class":109},[69,8283,113],{"class":83},[69,8285,2313],{"class":121},[69,8287,992],{"class":79},[69,8289,964],{"class":94},[69,8291,8292],{"class":336},"yes",[69,8294,333],{"class":94},[69,8296,221],{"class":83},[14,8298,8299,8300,8302,8303,25],{},"This gives ",[17,8301,53],{}," only when the user enters ",[17,8304,8292],{},[1369,8306,8308],{"id":8307},"confusing-empty-values-with-the-actual-value-false","Confusing empty values with the actual value False",[14,8310,8311],{},"These are different:",[30,8313,8314,8318,8322,8326,8330],{},[33,8315,8316],{},[17,8317,57],{},[33,8319,8320],{},[17,8321,88],{},[33,8323,8324],{},[17,8325,1111],{},[33,8327,8328],{},[17,8329,434],{},[33,8331,8332],{},[17,8333,449],{},[14,8335,8336,8337,8339,8340,8342],{},"They all become ",[17,8338,57],{}," with ",[17,8341,593],{},", but they are not the same value.",[14,8344,8345],{},"You can check the type if needed:",[60,8347,8349],{"className":62,"code":8348,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = []\nprint(type(value))\nprint(bool(value))\n",[17,8350,8351,8359,8373],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,8352,8353,8355,8357],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,8354,2313],{"class":75},[69,8356,80],{"class":79},[69,8358,7469],{"class":83},[69,8360,8361,8363,8365,8367,8369,8371],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,8362,110],{"class":109},[69,8364,113],{"class":83},[69,8366,3087],{"class":1126},[69,8368,113],{"class":83},[69,8370,2339],{"class":121},[69,8372,342],{"class":83},[69,8374,8375,8377,8379,8381,8383,8385],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,8376,110],{"class":109},[69,8378,113],{"class":83},[69,8380,3709],{"class":1126},[69,8382,113],{"class":83},[69,8384,2339],{"class":121},[69,8386,342],{"class":83},[14,8388,643],{},[60,8390,8392],{"className":62,"code":8391,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"\u003Cclass 'list'>\nFalse\n",[17,8393,8394,8408],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,8395,8396,8398,8400,8402,8404,8406],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,8397,852],{"class":79},[69,8399,3158],{"class":1932},[69,8401,3161],{"class":94},[69,8403,7725],{"class":336},[69,8405,488],{"class":94},[69,8407,3168],{"class":79},[69,8409,8410],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,8411,360],{"class":289},[1369,8413,8050,8415,8417],{"id":8414},"using-expecting-an-empty-set",[17,8416,439],{}," expecting an empty set",[14,8419,8420,8421,8423],{},"In Python, ",[17,8422,439],{}," creates an empty dictionary, not an empty set.",[60,8425,8427],{"className":62,"code":8426,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(type({}))\n",[17,8428,8429],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,8430,8431,8433,8435,8437],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,8432,110],{"class":109},[69,8434,113],{"class":83},[69,8436,3087],{"class":1126},[69,8438,7086],{"class":83},[14,8440,643],{},[60,8442,8444],{"className":62,"code":8443,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[17,8445,8446],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,8447,8448,8450,8452,8454,8457,8459],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,8449,852],{"class":79},[69,8451,3158],{"class":1932},[69,8453,3161],{"class":94},[69,8455,8456],{"class":336},"dict",[69,8458,488],{"class":94},[69,8460,3168],{"class":79},[14,8462,8463],{},"To make an empty set, use:",[60,8465,8467],{"className":62,"code":8466,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(type(set()))\n",[17,8468,8469],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,8470,8471,8473,8475,8477,8479,8481],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,8472,110],{"class":109},[69,8474,113],{"class":83},[69,8476,3087],{"class":1126},[69,8478,113],{"class":83},[69,8480,1127],{"class":1126},[69,8482,1130],{"class":83},[14,8484,643],{},[60,8486,8488],{"className":62,"code":8487,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[17,8489,8490],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,8491,8492,8494,8496,8498,8500,8502],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,8493,852],{"class":79},[69,8495,3158],{"class":1932},[69,8497,3161],{"class":94},[69,8499,1127],{"class":336},[69,8501,488],{"class":94},[69,8503,3168],{"class":79},[141,8505,8507],{"id":8506},"helpful-debugging-checks","Helpful debugging checks",[14,8509,8510,8511,8513],{},"If ",[17,8512,593],{}," gives a result you did not expect, these checks can help:",[60,8515,8517],{"className":62,"code":8516,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(bool(value))\nprint(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(value == \"True\")\nprint(value.strip().lower())\n",[17,8518,8519,8533,8547,8557,8575],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,8520,8521,8523,8525,8527,8529,8531],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,8522,110],{"class":109},[69,8524,113],{"class":83},[69,8526,3709],{"class":1126},[69,8528,113],{"class":83},[69,8530,2339],{"class":121},[69,8532,342],{"class":83},[69,8534,8535,8537,8539,8541,8543,8545],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,8536,110],{"class":109},[69,8538,113],{"class":83},[69,8540,3087],{"class":1126},[69,8542,113],{"class":83},[69,8544,2339],{"class":121},[69,8546,342],{"class":83},[69,8548,8549,8551,8553,8555],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,8550,110],{"class":109},[69,8552,113],{"class":83},[69,8554,2339],{"class":121},[69,8556,221],{"class":83},[69,8558,8559,8561,8563,8565,8567,8569,8571,8573],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,8560,110],{"class":109},[69,8562,113],{"class":83},[69,8564,2313],{"class":121},[69,8566,992],{"class":79},[69,8568,964],{"class":94},[69,8570,53],{"class":336},[69,8572,333],{"class":94},[69,8574,221],{"class":83},[69,8576,8577,8579,8581,8583,8585,8587,8589,8591],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,8578,110],{"class":109},[69,8580,113],{"class":83},[69,8582,2339],{"class":121},[69,8584,25],{"class":83},[69,8586,8268],{"class":121},[69,8588,8271],{"class":83},[69,8590,8274],{"class":121},[69,8592,6822],{"class":83},[14,8594,8595],{},"These are useful for finding out:",[30,8597,8598,8601,8604,8607],{},[33,8599,8600],{},"what the value really is",[33,8602,8603],{},"whether it is a string",[33,8605,8606],{},"whether it contains spaces",[33,8608,8609],{},"whether it matches the text you expected",[14,8611,8612,8613,25],{},"This is especially helpful when handling user input. You may also want to read ",[192,8614,8616],{"href":8615},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-user-input-to-numbers-in-python\u002F","how to convert user input to numbers in Python",[141,8618,1651],{"id":1650},[1369,8620,8622],{"id":8621},"what-does-bool-return-in-python","What does bool() return in Python?",[14,8624,8625,8626,54,8628,25],{},"It returns either ",[17,8627,53],{},[17,8629,57],{},[1369,8631,8633],{"id":8632},"what-happens-if-i-call-bool-with-no-argument","What happens if I call bool() with no argument?",[14,8635,1658,8636,25],{},[17,8637,57],{},[1369,8639,8641],{"id":8640},"why-does-boolfalse-return-true","Why does bool(\"False\") return True?",[14,8643,8644,8645,25],{},"Because the string is not empty. Non-empty strings are ",[17,8646,53],{},[1369,8648,8650],{"id":8649},"does-bool0-return-false","Does bool(0) return False?",[14,8652,8653,8654,25],{},"Yes. Zero values are ",[17,8655,57],{},[1369,8657,8659],{"id":8658},"should-i-use-bool-inside-every-if-statement","Should I use bool() inside every if statement?",[14,8661,8662,8663,54,8665,389],{},"No. Python already treats many values as ",[17,8664,53],{},[17,8666,57],{},[141,8668,1771],{"id":1770},[30,8670,8671,8676,8680,8685,8689,8694],{},[33,8672,8673],{},[192,8674,8675],{"href":585},"Python booleans explained: True and False",[33,8677,8678],{},[192,8679,7741],{"href":7740},[33,8681,8682],{},[192,8683,8684],{"href":7851},"Python input() function explained",[33,8686,8687],{},[192,8688,8075],{"href":2165},[33,8690,8691],{},[192,8692,8693],{"href":8615},"How to convert user input to numbers in Python",[33,8695,8696],{},[192,8697,8698],{"href":6838},"What is a Boolean in Python?",[1802,8700,8701],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":8703},[8704,8705,8706,8707,8708,8709,8715,8721,8722,8730,8731,8738],{"id":3472,"depth":106,"text":3473},{"id":6775,"depth":106,"text":6776},{"id":6842,"depth":106,"text":6843},{"id":6961,"depth":106,"text":6962},{"id":7156,"depth":106,"text":7157},{"id":7388,"depth":106,"text":7389,"children":8710},[8711,8712,8713,8714],{"id":7398,"depth":300,"text":7399},{"id":7496,"depth":300,"text":7497},{"id":7581,"depth":300,"text":7582},{"id":7654,"depth":300,"text":7655},{"id":7744,"depth":106,"text":7745,"children":8716},[8717,8719],{"id":7757,"depth":300,"text":8718},"bool(\"False\") returns True",{"id":7797,"depth":300,"text":8720},"bool(\"0\") returns True",{"id":7914,"depth":106,"text":7915},{"id":2697,"depth":106,"text":2698,"children":8723},[8724,8726,8727,8728],{"id":8085,"depth":300,"text":8725},"Expecting bool(\"False\") to return False",{"id":8182,"depth":300,"text":8183},{"id":8307,"depth":300,"text":8308},{"id":8414,"depth":300,"text":8729},"Using {} expecting an empty set",{"id":8506,"depth":106,"text":8507},{"id":1650,"depth":106,"text":1651,"children":8732},[8733,8734,8735,8736,8737],{"id":8621,"depth":300,"text":8622},{"id":8632,"depth":300,"text":8633},{"id":8640,"depth":300,"text":8641},{"id":8649,"depth":300,"text":8650},{"id":8658,"depth":300,"text":8659},{"id":1770,"depth":106,"text":1771},"Master python bool function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained",{"title":6602,"description":8739},"reference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained","pI2oMfdg_YnAHiyOUFPGbqEmJXu7efHhSyUkPc3C068",{"id":8746,"title":8747,"body":8748,"description":10944,"extension":1828,"meta":10945,"navigation":833,"path":10946,"seo":10947,"stem":10948,"__hash__":10949},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained.md","Python dict() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":8749,"toc":10906},[8750,8756,8762,8769,8774,8785,8792,8901,8905,8974,8979,8984,8989,8992,9003,9008,9011,9022,9029,9031,9036,9040,9065,9069,9078,9082,9145,9149,9182,9186,9231,9235,9272,9276,9279,9335,9339,9385,9388,9393,9432,9436,9459,9462,9476,9489,9493,9498,9565,9569,9605,9608,9616,9619,9683,9687,9719,9725,9727,9787,9794,9797,9875,9879,9912,9916,9919,9963,9967,10003,10006,10023,10026,10029,10082,10085,10096,10103,10112,10115,10173,10177,10218,10226,10234,10240,10248,10260,10265,10276,10349,10352,10364,10380,10384,10389,10393,10395,10438,10444,10447,10510,10514,10517,10526,10531,10568,10572,10575,10583,10586,10625,10629,10632,10683,10687,10708,10715,10717,10723,10750,10753,10808,10811,10822,10824,10831,10839,10845,10850,10857,10860,10867,10874,10876,10903],[10,8751,3441,8753,3444],{"id":8752},"python-dict-function-explained",[17,8754,8755],{},"dict()",[14,8757,8758,8759,8761],{},"The built-in ",[17,8760,8755],{}," function creates a new dictionary.",[14,8763,8764,8765,8768],{},"A dictionary stores data as ",[22,8766,8767],{},"key-value pairs",". You use it when you want to connect one piece of data to another, such as a name to an age or a product to a price.",[14,8770,8771,8773],{},[17,8772,8755],{}," is commonly used to:",[30,8775,8776,8779,8782],{},[33,8777,8778],{},"create an empty dictionary",[33,8780,8781],{},"convert key-value pairs into a dictionary",[33,8783,8784],{},"build a dictionary from keyword arguments",[14,8786,8787,8788,25],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, see ",[192,8789,8791],{"href":8790},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained\u002F","Python dictionaries explained",[60,8793,8795],{"className":62,"code":8794,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n\npairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\nprint(dict(pairs))\n",[17,8796,8797,8832,8843,8847,8886],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,8798,8799,8802,8804,8807,8809,8812,8814,8816,8818,8820,8822,8825,8827,8830],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,8800,8801],{"class":75},"data ",[69,8803,80],{"class":79},[69,8805,8806],{"class":1126}," dict",[69,8808,113],{"class":83},[69,8810,7297],{"class":8811},"s99_P",[69,8813,80],{"class":79},[69,8815,488],{"class":94},[69,8817,4831],{"class":336},[69,8819,488],{"class":94},[69,8821,91],{"class":83},[69,8823,8824],{"class":8811}," age",[69,8826,80],{"class":79},[69,8828,8829],{"class":87},"25",[69,8831,221],{"class":83},[69,8833,8834,8836,8838,8841],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,8835,110],{"class":109},[69,8837,113],{"class":83},[69,8839,8840],{"class":121},"data",[69,8842,221],{"class":83},[69,8844,8845],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,8846,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,8848,8849,8852,8854,8857,8859,8861,8863,8865,8867,8870,8873,8875,8877,8879,8881,8883],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,8850,8851],{"class":75},"pairs ",[69,8853,80],{"class":79},[69,8855,8856],{"class":83}," [(",[69,8858,488],{"class":94},[69,8860,192],{"class":336},[69,8862,488],{"class":94},[69,8864,91],{"class":83},[69,8866,272],{"class":87},[69,8868,8869],{"class":83},"),",[69,8871,8872],{"class":83}," (",[69,8874,488],{"class":94},[69,8876,4587],{"class":336},[69,8878,488],{"class":94},[69,8880,91],{"class":83},[69,8882,316],{"class":87},[69,8884,8885],{"class":83},")]\n",[69,8887,8888,8890,8892,8894,8896,8899],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,8889,110],{"class":109},[69,8891,113],{"class":83},[69,8893,8456],{"class":1126},[69,8895,113],{"class":83},[69,8897,8898],{"class":121},"pairs",[69,8900,342],{"class":83},[14,8902,8903],{},[22,8904,643],{},[60,8906,8908],{"className":62,"code":8907,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[17,8909,8910,8946],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,8911,8912,8915,8917,8919,8921,8923,8925,8927,8929,8931,8933,8936,8938,8940,8943],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,8913,8914],{"class":83},"{",[69,8916,488],{"class":94},[69,8918,7297],{"class":336},[69,8920,488],{"class":94},[69,8922,1044],{"class":83},[69,8924,3161],{"class":94},[69,8926,4831],{"class":336},[69,8928,488],{"class":94},[69,8930,91],{"class":83},[69,8932,3161],{"class":94},[69,8934,8935],{"class":336},"age",[69,8937,488],{"class":94},[69,8939,1044],{"class":83},[69,8941,8942],{"class":87}," 25",[69,8944,8945],{"class":83},"}\n",[69,8947,8948,8950,8952,8954,8956,8958,8960,8962,8964,8966,8968,8970,8972],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,8949,8914],{"class":83},[69,8951,488],{"class":94},[69,8953,192],{"class":336},[69,8955,488],{"class":94},[69,8957,1044],{"class":83},[69,8959,272],{"class":87},[69,8961,91],{"class":83},[69,8963,3161],{"class":94},[69,8965,4587],{"class":336},[69,8967,488],{"class":94},[69,8969,1044],{"class":83},[69,8971,316],{"class":87},[69,8973,8945],{"class":83},[14,8975,132,8976,8978],{},[17,8977,8755],{}," to create a dictionary from keyword arguments or from key-value pairs.",[141,8980,3540,8982,3543],{"id":8981},"what-dict-does",[17,8983,8755],{},[14,8985,8986,8988],{},[17,8987,8755],{}," creates a new dictionary object.",[14,8990,8991],{},"A dictionary:",[30,8993,8994,8997,9000],{},[33,8995,8996],{},"stores data in key-value pairs",[33,8998,8999],{},"lets you look up values by key",[33,9001,9002],{},"is one of the most common Python data types",[14,9004,9005,9007],{},[17,9006,8755],{}," is a built-in Python function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[14,9009,9010],{},"Common uses include:",[30,9012,9013,9016,9019],{},[33,9014,9015],{},"making an empty dictionary",[33,9017,9018],{},"converting pairs into a dictionary",[33,9020,9021],{},"building a dictionary from keyword arguments",[14,9023,9024,9025,25],{},"If you want a broader introduction to dictionary creation, see ",[192,9026,9028],{"href":9027},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary\u002F","creating a dictionary in Python",[141,9030,2024],{"id":2023},[14,9032,9033,9035],{},[17,9034,8755],{}," can be used in a few different ways.",[1369,9037,9039],{"id":9038},"create-an-empty-dictionary","Create an empty dictionary",[60,9041,9043],{"className":62,"code":9042,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = dict()\nprint(data)\n",[17,9044,9045,9055],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,9046,9047,9049,9051,9053],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,9048,8801],{"class":75},[69,9050,80],{"class":79},[69,9052,8806],{"class":1126},[69,9054,8277],{"class":83},[69,9056,9057,9059,9061,9063],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,9058,110],{"class":109},[69,9060,113],{"class":83},[69,9062,8840],{"class":121},[69,9064,221],{"class":83},[14,9066,9067],{},[22,9068,643],{},[60,9070,9072],{"className":62,"code":9071,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{}\n",[17,9073,9074],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,9075,9076],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,9077,9071],{"class":83},[1369,9079,9081],{"id":9080},"create-a-dictionary-from-pairs","Create a dictionary from pairs",[60,9083,9085],{"className":62,"code":9084,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[17,9086,9087,9121,9135],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,9088,9089,9091,9093,9095,9097,9099,9101,9103,9105,9107,9109,9111,9113,9115,9117,9119],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,9090,8851],{"class":75},[69,9092,80],{"class":79},[69,9094,8856],{"class":83},[69,9096,488],{"class":94},[69,9098,192],{"class":336},[69,9100,488],{"class":94},[69,9102,91],{"class":83},[69,9104,272],{"class":87},[69,9106,8869],{"class":83},[69,9108,8872],{"class":83},[69,9110,488],{"class":94},[69,9112,4587],{"class":336},[69,9114,488],{"class":94},[69,9116,91],{"class":83},[69,9118,316],{"class":87},[69,9120,8885],{"class":83},[69,9122,9123,9125,9127,9129,9131,9133],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,9124,8801],{"class":75},[69,9126,80],{"class":79},[69,9128,8806],{"class":1126},[69,9130,113],{"class":83},[69,9132,8898],{"class":121},[69,9134,221],{"class":83},[69,9136,9137,9139,9141,9143],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,9138,110],{"class":109},[69,9140,113],{"class":83},[69,9142,8840],{"class":121},[69,9144,221],{"class":83},[14,9146,9147],{},[22,9148,643],{},[60,9150,9152],{"className":62,"code":9151,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[17,9153,9154],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,9155,9156,9158,9160,9162,9164,9166,9168,9170,9172,9174,9176,9178,9180],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,9157,8914],{"class":83},[69,9159,488],{"class":94},[69,9161,192],{"class":336},[69,9163,488],{"class":94},[69,9165,1044],{"class":83},[69,9167,272],{"class":87},[69,9169,91],{"class":83},[69,9171,3161],{"class":94},[69,9173,4587],{"class":336},[69,9175,488],{"class":94},[69,9177,1044],{"class":83},[69,9179,316],{"class":87},[69,9181,8945],{"class":83},[1369,9183,9185],{"id":9184},"create-a-dictionary-from-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary from keyword arguments",[60,9187,9189],{"className":62,"code":9188,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n",[17,9190,9191,9221],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,9192,9193,9195,9197,9199,9201,9203,9205,9207,9209,9211,9213,9215,9217,9219],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,9194,8801],{"class":75},[69,9196,80],{"class":79},[69,9198,8806],{"class":1126},[69,9200,113],{"class":83},[69,9202,7297],{"class":8811},[69,9204,80],{"class":79},[69,9206,488],{"class":94},[69,9208,4831],{"class":336},[69,9210,488],{"class":94},[69,9212,91],{"class":83},[69,9214,8824],{"class":8811},[69,9216,80],{"class":79},[69,9218,8829],{"class":87},[69,9220,221],{"class":83},[69,9222,9223,9225,9227,9229],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,9224,110],{"class":109},[69,9226,113],{"class":83},[69,9228,8840],{"class":121},[69,9230,221],{"class":83},[14,9232,9233],{},[22,9234,643],{},[60,9236,9238],{"className":62,"code":9237,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n",[17,9239,9240],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,9241,9242,9244,9246,9248,9250,9252,9254,9256,9258,9260,9262,9264,9266,9268,9270],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,9243,8914],{"class":83},[69,9245,488],{"class":94},[69,9247,7297],{"class":336},[69,9249,488],{"class":94},[69,9251,1044],{"class":83},[69,9253,3161],{"class":94},[69,9255,4831],{"class":336},[69,9257,488],{"class":94},[69,9259,91],{"class":83},[69,9261,3161],{"class":94},[69,9263,8935],{"class":336},[69,9265,488],{"class":94},[69,9267,1044],{"class":83},[69,9269,8942],{"class":87},[69,9271,8945],{"class":83},[1369,9273,9275],{"id":9274},"combine-pairs-or-a-mapping-with-keyword-arguments","Combine pairs or a mapping with keyword arguments",[14,9277,9278],{},"You can also start with existing data and add more values:",[60,9280,9282],{"className":62,"code":9281,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = dict([('a', 1)], b=2, c=3)\nprint(data)\n",[17,9283,9284,9325],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,9285,9286,9288,9290,9292,9295,9297,9299,9301,9303,9305,9308,9310,9312,9314,9316,9319,9321,9323],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,9287,8801],{"class":75},[69,9289,80],{"class":79},[69,9291,8806],{"class":1126},[69,9293,9294],{"class":83},"([(",[69,9296,488],{"class":94},[69,9298,192],{"class":336},[69,9300,488],{"class":94},[69,9302,91],{"class":83},[69,9304,272],{"class":87},[69,9306,9307],{"class":83},")],",[69,9309,2426],{"class":8811},[69,9311,80],{"class":79},[69,9313,821],{"class":87},[69,9315,91],{"class":83},[69,9317,9318],{"class":8811}," c",[69,9320,80],{"class":79},[69,9322,1929],{"class":87},[69,9324,221],{"class":83},[69,9326,9327,9329,9331,9333],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,9328,110],{"class":109},[69,9330,113],{"class":83},[69,9332,8840],{"class":121},[69,9334,221],{"class":83},[14,9336,9337],{},[22,9338,643],{},[60,9340,9342],{"className":62,"code":9341,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}\n",[17,9343,9344],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,9345,9346,9348,9350,9352,9354,9356,9358,9360,9362,9364,9366,9368,9370,9372,9374,9377,9379,9381,9383],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,9347,8914],{"class":83},[69,9349,488],{"class":94},[69,9351,192],{"class":336},[69,9353,488],{"class":94},[69,9355,1044],{"class":83},[69,9357,272],{"class":87},[69,9359,91],{"class":83},[69,9361,3161],{"class":94},[69,9363,4587],{"class":336},[69,9365,488],{"class":94},[69,9367,1044],{"class":83},[69,9369,316],{"class":87},[69,9371,91],{"class":83},[69,9373,3161],{"class":94},[69,9375,9376],{"class":336},"c",[69,9378,488],{"class":94},[69,9380,1044],{"class":83},[69,9382,516],{"class":87},[69,9384,8945],{"class":83},[141,9386,9039],{"id":9387},"create-an-empty-dictionary-1",[14,9389,132,9390,9392],{},[17,9391,8755],{}," when you want a clear function-style way to create an empty dictionary.",[60,9394,9396],{"className":62,"code":9395,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = dict()\nprint(type(data))\nprint(data)\n",[17,9397,9398,9408,9422],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,9399,9400,9402,9404,9406],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,9401,8801],{"class":75},[69,9403,80],{"class":79},[69,9405,8806],{"class":1126},[69,9407,8277],{"class":83},[69,9409,9410,9412,9414,9416,9418,9420],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,9411,110],{"class":109},[69,9413,113],{"class":83},[69,9415,3087],{"class":1126},[69,9417,113],{"class":83},[69,9419,8840],{"class":121},[69,9421,342],{"class":83},[69,9423,9424,9426,9428,9430],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,9425,110],{"class":109},[69,9427,113],{"class":83},[69,9429,8840],{"class":121},[69,9431,221],{"class":83},[14,9433,9434],{},[22,9435,643],{},[60,9437,9439],{"className":62,"code":9438,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n{}\n",[17,9440,9441,9455],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,9442,9443,9445,9447,9449,9451,9453],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,9444,852],{"class":79},[69,9446,3158],{"class":1932},[69,9448,3161],{"class":94},[69,9450,8456],{"class":336},[69,9452,488],{"class":94},[69,9454,3168],{"class":79},[69,9456,9457],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,9458,9071],{"class":83},[14,9460,9461],{},"This gives the same result as:",[60,9463,9465],{"className":62,"code":9464,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = {}\n",[17,9466,9467],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,9468,9469,9471,9473],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,9470,8801],{"class":75},[69,9472,80],{"class":79},[69,9474,9475],{"class":83}," {}\n",[14,9477,9478,9479,9481,9482,9485,9486,9488],{},"For empty dictionaries, ",[17,9480,439],{}," is more common because it is shorter.",[9483,9484],"br",{},"\nStill, ",[17,9487,8755],{}," is useful to know because it can do more than just create an empty dictionary.",[141,9490,9492],{"id":9491},"create-a-dictionary-from-key-value-pairs","Create a dictionary from key-value pairs",[14,9494,9495,9496,25],{},"You can pass an iterable of 2-item pairs to ",[17,9497,8755],{},[60,9499,9501],{"className":62,"code":9500,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"pairs = [('name', 'Alice'), ('age', 25)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[17,9502,9503,9541,9555],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,9504,9505,9507,9509,9511,9513,9515,9517,9519,9521,9523,9525,9527,9529,9531,9533,9535,9537,9539],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,9506,8851],{"class":75},[69,9508,80],{"class":79},[69,9510,8856],{"class":83},[69,9512,488],{"class":94},[69,9514,7297],{"class":336},[69,9516,488],{"class":94},[69,9518,91],{"class":83},[69,9520,3161],{"class":94},[69,9522,4831],{"class":336},[69,9524,488],{"class":94},[69,9526,8869],{"class":83},[69,9528,8872],{"class":83},[69,9530,488],{"class":94},[69,9532,8935],{"class":336},[69,9534,488],{"class":94},[69,9536,91],{"class":83},[69,9538,8942],{"class":87},[69,9540,8885],{"class":83},[69,9542,9543,9545,9547,9549,9551,9553],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,9544,8801],{"class":75},[69,9546,80],{"class":79},[69,9548,8806],{"class":1126},[69,9550,113],{"class":83},[69,9552,8898],{"class":121},[69,9554,221],{"class":83},[69,9556,9557,9559,9561,9563],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,9558,110],{"class":109},[69,9560,113],{"class":83},[69,9562,8840],{"class":121},[69,9564,221],{"class":83},[14,9566,9567],{},[22,9568,643],{},[60,9570,9571],{"className":62,"code":9237,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,9572,9573],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,9574,9575,9577,9579,9581,9583,9585,9587,9589,9591,9593,9595,9597,9599,9601,9603],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,9576,8914],{"class":83},[69,9578,488],{"class":94},[69,9580,7297],{"class":336},[69,9582,488],{"class":94},[69,9584,1044],{"class":83},[69,9586,3161],{"class":94},[69,9588,4831],{"class":336},[69,9590,488],{"class":94},[69,9592,91],{"class":83},[69,9594,3161],{"class":94},[69,9596,8935],{"class":336},[69,9598,488],{"class":94},[69,9600,1044],{"class":83},[69,9602,8942],{"class":87},[69,9604,8945],{"class":83},[14,9606,9607],{},"Each pair becomes:",[30,9609,9610,9613],{},[33,9611,9612],{},"the first item as the key",[33,9614,9615],{},"the second item as the value",[14,9617,9618],{},"For example, this also works with tuples:",[60,9620,9622],{"className":62,"code":9621,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"pairs = (('a', 1), ('b', 2))\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[17,9623,9624,9659,9673],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,9625,9626,9628,9630,9633,9635,9637,9639,9641,9643,9645,9647,9649,9651,9653,9655,9657],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,9627,8851],{"class":75},[69,9629,80],{"class":79},[69,9631,9632],{"class":83}," ((",[69,9634,488],{"class":94},[69,9636,192],{"class":336},[69,9638,488],{"class":94},[69,9640,91],{"class":83},[69,9642,272],{"class":87},[69,9644,8869],{"class":83},[69,9646,8872],{"class":83},[69,9648,488],{"class":94},[69,9650,4587],{"class":336},[69,9652,488],{"class":94},[69,9654,91],{"class":83},[69,9656,316],{"class":87},[69,9658,342],{"class":83},[69,9660,9661,9663,9665,9667,9669,9671],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,9662,8801],{"class":75},[69,9664,80],{"class":79},[69,9666,8806],{"class":1126},[69,9668,113],{"class":83},[69,9670,8898],{"class":121},[69,9672,221],{"class":83},[69,9674,9675,9677,9679,9681],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,9676,110],{"class":109},[69,9678,113],{"class":83},[69,9680,8840],{"class":121},[69,9682,221],{"class":83},[14,9684,9685],{},[22,9686,643],{},[60,9688,9689],{"className":62,"code":9151,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,9690,9691],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,9692,9693,9695,9697,9699,9701,9703,9705,9707,9709,9711,9713,9715,9717],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,9694,8914],{"class":83},[69,9696,488],{"class":94},[69,9698,192],{"class":336},[69,9700,488],{"class":94},[69,9702,1044],{"class":83},[69,9704,272],{"class":87},[69,9706,91],{"class":83},[69,9708,3161],{"class":94},[69,9710,4587],{"class":336},[69,9712,488],{"class":94},[69,9714,1044],{"class":83},[69,9716,316],{"class":87},[69,9718,8945],{"class":83},[14,9720,9721,9722,25],{},"Each item must contain ",[22,9723,9724],{},"exactly two elements",[14,9726,2705],{},[60,9728,9730],{"className":62,"code":9729,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"bad_data = [('a', 1, 100), ('b', 2)]\nresult = dict(bad_data)\n",[17,9731,9732,9772],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,9733,9734,9737,9739,9741,9743,9745,9747,9749,9751,9753,9756,9758,9760,9762,9764,9766,9768,9770],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,9735,9736],{"class":75},"bad_data ",[69,9738,80],{"class":79},[69,9740,8856],{"class":83},[69,9742,488],{"class":94},[69,9744,192],{"class":336},[69,9746,488],{"class":94},[69,9748,91],{"class":83},[69,9750,272],{"class":87},[69,9752,91],{"class":83},[69,9754,9755],{"class":87}," 100",[69,9757,8869],{"class":83},[69,9759,8872],{"class":83},[69,9761,488],{"class":94},[69,9763,4587],{"class":336},[69,9765,488],{"class":94},[69,9767,91],{"class":83},[69,9769,316],{"class":87},[69,9771,8885],{"class":83},[69,9773,9774,9776,9778,9780,9782,9785],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,9775,839],{"class":75},[69,9777,80],{"class":79},[69,9779,8806],{"class":1126},[69,9781,113],{"class":83},[69,9783,9784],{"class":121},"bad_data",[69,9786,221],{"class":83},[14,9788,9789,9790,9793],{},"Python raises an error because ",[17,9791,9792],{},"('a', 1, 100)"," has three values, not two.",[14,9795,9796],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the later value replaces the earlier one:",[60,9798,9800],{"className":62,"code":9799,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('a', 99), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[17,9801,9802,9851,9865],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,9803,9804,9806,9808,9810,9812,9814,9816,9818,9820,9822,9824,9826,9828,9830,9832,9835,9837,9839,9841,9843,9845,9847,9849],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,9805,8851],{"class":75},[69,9807,80],{"class":79},[69,9809,8856],{"class":83},[69,9811,488],{"class":94},[69,9813,192],{"class":336},[69,9815,488],{"class":94},[69,9817,91],{"class":83},[69,9819,272],{"class":87},[69,9821,8869],{"class":83},[69,9823,8872],{"class":83},[69,9825,488],{"class":94},[69,9827,192],{"class":336},[69,9829,488],{"class":94},[69,9831,91],{"class":83},[69,9833,9834],{"class":87}," 99",[69,9836,8869],{"class":83},[69,9838,8872],{"class":83},[69,9840,488],{"class":94},[69,9842,4587],{"class":336},[69,9844,488],{"class":94},[69,9846,91],{"class":83},[69,9848,316],{"class":87},[69,9850,8885],{"class":83},[69,9852,9853,9855,9857,9859,9861,9863],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,9854,8801],{"class":75},[69,9856,80],{"class":79},[69,9858,8806],{"class":1126},[69,9860,113],{"class":83},[69,9862,8898],{"class":121},[69,9864,221],{"class":83},[69,9866,9867,9869,9871,9873],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,9868,110],{"class":109},[69,9870,113],{"class":83},[69,9872,8840],{"class":121},[69,9874,221],{"class":83},[14,9876,9877],{},[22,9878,643],{},[60,9880,9882],{"className":62,"code":9881,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'a': 99, 'b': 2}\n",[17,9883,9884],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,9885,9886,9888,9890,9892,9894,9896,9898,9900,9902,9904,9906,9908,9910],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,9887,8914],{"class":83},[69,9889,488],{"class":94},[69,9891,192],{"class":336},[69,9893,488],{"class":94},[69,9895,1044],{"class":83},[69,9897,9834],{"class":87},[69,9899,91],{"class":83},[69,9901,3161],{"class":94},[69,9903,4587],{"class":336},[69,9905,488],{"class":94},[69,9907,1044],{"class":83},[69,9909,316],{"class":87},[69,9911,8945],{"class":83},[141,9913,9915],{"id":9914},"create-a-dictionary-with-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary with keyword arguments",[14,9917,9918],{},"You can also build a dictionary using keyword arguments:",[60,9920,9921],{"className":62,"code":9188,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,9922,9923,9953],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,9924,9925,9927,9929,9931,9933,9935,9937,9939,9941,9943,9945,9947,9949,9951],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,9926,8801],{"class":75},[69,9928,80],{"class":79},[69,9930,8806],{"class":1126},[69,9932,113],{"class":83},[69,9934,7297],{"class":8811},[69,9936,80],{"class":79},[69,9938,488],{"class":94},[69,9940,4831],{"class":336},[69,9942,488],{"class":94},[69,9944,91],{"class":83},[69,9946,8824],{"class":8811},[69,9948,80],{"class":79},[69,9950,8829],{"class":87},[69,9952,221],{"class":83},[69,9954,9955,9957,9959,9961],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,9956,110],{"class":109},[69,9958,113],{"class":83},[69,9960,8840],{"class":121},[69,9962,221],{"class":83},[14,9964,9965],{},[22,9966,643],{},[60,9968,9969],{"className":62,"code":9237,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,9970,9971],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,9972,9973,9975,9977,9979,9981,9983,9985,9987,9989,9991,9993,9995,9997,9999,10001],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,9974,8914],{"class":83},[69,9976,488],{"class":94},[69,9978,7297],{"class":336},[69,9980,488],{"class":94},[69,9982,1044],{"class":83},[69,9984,3161],{"class":94},[69,9986,4831],{"class":336},[69,9988,488],{"class":94},[69,9990,91],{"class":83},[69,9992,3161],{"class":94},[69,9994,8935],{"class":336},[69,9996,488],{"class":94},[69,9998,1044],{"class":83},[69,10000,8942],{"class":87},[69,10002,8945],{"class":83},[14,10004,10005],{},"In this form:",[30,10007,10008,10016],{},[33,10009,10010,10012,10013],{},[17,10011,7297],{}," becomes the string key ",[17,10014,10015],{},"'name'",[33,10017,10018,10012,10020],{},[17,10019,8935],{},[17,10021,10022],{},"'age'",[14,10024,10025],{},"This only works when the key names are valid Python identifiers.",[14,10027,10028],{},"Valid examples:",[60,10030,10032],{"className":62,"code":10031,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = dict(city='Paris', country='France')\nprint(data)\n",[17,10033,10034,10072],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,10035,10036,10038,10040,10042,10044,10047,10049,10051,10054,10056,10058,10061,10063,10065,10068,10070],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,10037,8801],{"class":75},[69,10039,80],{"class":79},[69,10041,8806],{"class":1126},[69,10043,113],{"class":83},[69,10045,10046],{"class":8811},"city",[69,10048,80],{"class":79},[69,10050,488],{"class":94},[69,10052,10053],{"class":336},"Paris",[69,10055,488],{"class":94},[69,10057,91],{"class":83},[69,10059,10060],{"class":8811}," country",[69,10062,80],{"class":79},[69,10064,488],{"class":94},[69,10066,10067],{"class":336},"France",[69,10069,488],{"class":94},[69,10071,221],{"class":83},[69,10073,10074,10076,10078,10080],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,10075,110],{"class":109},[69,10077,113],{"class":83},[69,10079,8840],{"class":121},[69,10081,221],{"class":83},[14,10083,10084],{},"Invalid key names include ones with:",[30,10086,10087,10090,10093],{},[33,10088,10089],{},"spaces",[33,10091,10092],{},"hyphens",[33,10094,10095],{},"names that start with numbers",[14,10097,10098,10099,10102],{},"For example, this is ",[22,10100,10101],{},"not valid"," syntax:",[60,10104,10106],{"className":62,"code":10105,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"# dict(first-name='Sam')\n",[17,10107,10108],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,10109,10110],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,10111,10105],{"class":128},[14,10113,10114],{},"If you need keys like that, use normal dictionary syntax instead:",[60,10116,10118],{"className":62,"code":10117,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[17,10119,10120,10163],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,10121,10122,10124,10126,10129,10131,10134,10136,10138,10140,10142,10144,10146,10148,10151,10153,10155,10157,10159,10161],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,10123,8801],{"class":75},[69,10125,80],{"class":79},[69,10127,10128],{"class":83}," {",[69,10130,488],{"class":94},[69,10132,10133],{"class":336},"first-name",[69,10135,488],{"class":94},[69,10137,1044],{"class":83},[69,10139,3161],{"class":94},[69,10141,7306],{"class":336},[69,10143,488],{"class":94},[69,10145,91],{"class":83},[69,10147,3161],{"class":94},[69,10149,10150],{"class":336},"first name",[69,10152,488],{"class":94},[69,10154,1044],{"class":83},[69,10156,3161],{"class":94},[69,10158,7306],{"class":336},[69,10160,488],{"class":94},[69,10162,8945],{"class":83},[69,10164,10165,10167,10169,10171],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,10166,110],{"class":109},[69,10168,113],{"class":83},[69,10170,8840],{"class":121},[69,10172,221],{"class":83},[14,10174,10175],{},[22,10176,643],{},[60,10178,10180],{"className":62,"code":10179,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\n",[17,10181,10182],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,10183,10184,10186,10188,10190,10192,10194,10196,10198,10200,10202,10204,10206,10208,10210,10212,10214,10216],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,10185,8914],{"class":83},[69,10187,488],{"class":94},[69,10189,10133],{"class":336},[69,10191,488],{"class":94},[69,10193,1044],{"class":83},[69,10195,3161],{"class":94},[69,10197,7306],{"class":336},[69,10199,488],{"class":94},[69,10201,91],{"class":83},[69,10203,3161],{"class":94},[69,10205,10150],{"class":336},[69,10207,488],{"class":94},[69,10209,1044],{"class":83},[69,10211,3161],{"class":94},[69,10213,7306],{"class":336},[69,10215,488],{"class":94},[69,10217,8945],{"class":83},[141,10219,10221,10223,10224],{"id":10220},"dict-vs",[17,10222,8755],{}," vs ",[17,10225,439],{},[14,10227,10228,10229,587,10231,10233],{},"Both ",[17,10230,8755],{},[17,10232,439],{}," create dictionaries, but they are used in slightly different situations.",[1369,10235,132,10237,10239],{"id":10236},"use-when",[17,10238,439],{}," when:",[30,10241,10242,10245],{},[33,10243,10244],{},"you want an empty dictionary",[33,10246,10247],{},"you want the shortest and most common syntax",[60,10249,10250],{"className":62,"code":9464,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,10251,10252],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,10253,10254,10256,10258],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,10255,8801],{"class":75},[69,10257,80],{"class":79},[69,10259,9475],{"class":83},[1369,10261,132,10263,10239],{"id":10262},"use-dict-when",[17,10264,8755],{},[30,10266,10267,10270,10273],{},[33,10268,10269],{},"you want to convert existing key-value pairs into a dictionary",[33,10271,10272],{},"you want to use keyword arguments",[33,10274,10275],{},"the function form makes the code easier to read",[60,10277,10279],{"className":62,"code":10278,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = dict([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\ninfo = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\n",[17,10280,10281,10318],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,10282,10283,10285,10287,10289,10291,10293,10295,10297,10299,10301,10303,10305,10307,10309,10311,10313,10315],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,10284,8801],{"class":75},[69,10286,80],{"class":79},[69,10288,8806],{"class":1126},[69,10290,9294],{"class":83},[69,10292,488],{"class":94},[69,10294,192],{"class":336},[69,10296,488],{"class":94},[69,10298,91],{"class":83},[69,10300,272],{"class":87},[69,10302,8869],{"class":83},[69,10304,8872],{"class":83},[69,10306,488],{"class":94},[69,10308,4587],{"class":336},[69,10310,488],{"class":94},[69,10312,91],{"class":83},[69,10314,316],{"class":87},[69,10316,10317],{"class":83},")])\n",[69,10319,10320,10323,10325,10327,10329,10331,10333,10335,10337,10339,10341,10343,10345,10347],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,10321,10322],{"class":75},"info ",[69,10324,80],{"class":79},[69,10326,8806],{"class":1126},[69,10328,113],{"class":83},[69,10330,7297],{"class":8811},[69,10332,80],{"class":79},[69,10334,488],{"class":94},[69,10336,4831],{"class":336},[69,10338,488],{"class":94},[69,10340,91],{"class":83},[69,10342,8824],{"class":8811},[69,10344,80],{"class":79},[69,10346,8829],{"class":87},[69,10348,221],{"class":83},[14,10350,10351],{},"So:",[30,10353,10354,10359],{},[33,10355,10356,10358],{},[17,10357,439],{}," is shorter for an empty dictionary",[33,10360,10361,10363],{},[17,10362,8755],{}," is more flexible when building a dictionary from other data",[14,10365,10366,10367,10371,10372,25],{},"After creating a dictionary, you may want to ",[192,10368,10370],{"href":10369},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","add a key to a dictionary in Python"," or safely read values with the ",[192,10373,10375,10376,10379],{"href":10374},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method\u002F","Python dictionary ",[17,10377,10378],{},"get()"," method",[141,10381,10383],{"id":10382},"common-errors-and-limits","Common errors and limits",[14,10385,10386,10387,25],{},"Here are the most common problems beginners run into with ",[17,10388,8755],{},[1369,10390,10392],{"id":10391},"passing-items-that-are-not-2-value-pairs","Passing items that are not 2-value pairs",[14,10394,1375],{},[60,10396,10398],{"className":62,"code":10397,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = ['a', 'b']\ndata = dict(items)\n",[17,10399,10400,10424],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,10401,10402,10404,10406,10408,10410,10412,10414,10416,10418,10420,10422],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,10403,7409],{"class":75},[69,10405,80],{"class":79},[69,10407,84],{"class":83},[69,10409,488],{"class":94},[69,10411,192],{"class":336},[69,10413,488],{"class":94},[69,10415,91],{"class":83},[69,10417,3161],{"class":94},[69,10419,4587],{"class":336},[69,10421,488],{"class":94},[69,10423,103],{"class":83},[69,10425,10426,10428,10430,10432,10434,10436],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,10427,8801],{"class":75},[69,10429,80],{"class":79},[69,10431,8806],{"class":1126},[69,10433,113],{"class":83},[69,10435,7440],{"class":121},[69,10437,221],{"class":83},[14,10439,10440,10441,25],{},"This fails because each item must be a pair like ",[17,10442,10443],{},"('a', 1)",[14,10445,10446],{},"Correct version:",[60,10448,10450],{"className":62,"code":10449,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(items)\nprint(data)\n",[17,10451,10452,10486,10500],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,10453,10454,10456,10458,10460,10462,10464,10466,10468,10470,10472,10474,10476,10478,10480,10482,10484],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,10455,7409],{"class":75},[69,10457,80],{"class":79},[69,10459,8856],{"class":83},[69,10461,488],{"class":94},[69,10463,192],{"class":336},[69,10465,488],{"class":94},[69,10467,91],{"class":83},[69,10469,272],{"class":87},[69,10471,8869],{"class":83},[69,10473,8872],{"class":83},[69,10475,488],{"class":94},[69,10477,4587],{"class":336},[69,10479,488],{"class":94},[69,10481,91],{"class":83},[69,10483,316],{"class":87},[69,10485,8885],{"class":83},[69,10487,10488,10490,10492,10494,10496,10498],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,10489,8801],{"class":75},[69,10491,80],{"class":79},[69,10493,8806],{"class":1126},[69,10495,113],{"class":83},[69,10497,7440],{"class":121},[69,10499,221],{"class":83},[69,10501,10502,10504,10506,10508],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,10503,110],{"class":109},[69,10505,113],{"class":83},[69,10507,8840],{"class":121},[69,10509,221],{"class":83},[1369,10511,10513],{"id":10512},"using-invalid-keyword-syntax","Using invalid keyword syntax",[14,10515,10516],{},"This is not valid Python syntax:",[60,10518,10520],{"className":62,"code":10519,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"# dict(name: 'Alice')\n",[17,10521,10522],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,10523,10524],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,10525,10519],{"class":128},[14,10527,10528,10529,1044],{},"Keyword arguments must use ",[17,10530,80],{},[60,10532,10534],{"className":62,"code":10533,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = dict(name='Alice')\nprint(data)\n",[17,10535,10536,10558],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,10537,10538,10540,10542,10544,10546,10548,10550,10552,10554,10556],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,10539,8801],{"class":75},[69,10541,80],{"class":79},[69,10543,8806],{"class":1126},[69,10545,113],{"class":83},[69,10547,7297],{"class":8811},[69,10549,80],{"class":79},[69,10551,488],{"class":94},[69,10553,4831],{"class":336},[69,10555,488],{"class":94},[69,10557,221],{"class":83},[69,10559,10560,10562,10564,10566],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,10561,110],{"class":109},[69,10563,113],{"class":83},[69,10565,8840],{"class":121},[69,10567,221],{"class":83},[1369,10569,10571],{"id":10570},"using-key-names-that-are-not-valid-identifiers","Using key names that are not valid identifiers",[14,10573,10574],{},"This will not work:",[60,10576,10577],{"className":62,"code":10105,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,10578,10579],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,10580,10581],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,10582,10105],{"class":128},[14,10584,10585],{},"Use standard dictionary syntax instead:",[60,10587,10589],{"className":62,"code":10588,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[17,10590,10591,10615],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,10592,10593,10595,10597,10599,10601,10603,10605,10607,10609,10611,10613],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,10594,8801],{"class":75},[69,10596,80],{"class":79},[69,10598,10128],{"class":83},[69,10600,488],{"class":94},[69,10602,10133],{"class":336},[69,10604,488],{"class":94},[69,10606,1044],{"class":83},[69,10608,3161],{"class":94},[69,10610,7306],{"class":336},[69,10612,488],{"class":94},[69,10614,8945],{"class":83},[69,10616,10617,10619,10621,10623],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,10618,110],{"class":109},[69,10620,113],{"class":83},[69,10622,8840],{"class":121},[69,10624,221],{"class":83},[1369,10626,10628],{"id":10627},"expecting-duplicate-keys-to-be-kept","Expecting duplicate keys to be kept",[14,10630,10631],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins:",[60,10633,10635],{"className":62,"code":10634,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = dict([('x', 1), ('x', 2)])\nprint(data)\n",[17,10636,10637,10673],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,10638,10639,10641,10643,10645,10647,10649,10651,10653,10655,10657,10659,10661,10663,10665,10667,10669,10671],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,10640,8801],{"class":75},[69,10642,80],{"class":79},[69,10644,8806],{"class":1126},[69,10646,9294],{"class":83},[69,10648,488],{"class":94},[69,10650,2041],{"class":336},[69,10652,488],{"class":94},[69,10654,91],{"class":83},[69,10656,272],{"class":87},[69,10658,8869],{"class":83},[69,10660,8872],{"class":83},[69,10662,488],{"class":94},[69,10664,2041],{"class":336},[69,10666,488],{"class":94},[69,10668,91],{"class":83},[69,10670,316],{"class":87},[69,10672,10317],{"class":83},[69,10674,10675,10677,10679,10681],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,10676,110],{"class":109},[69,10678,113],{"class":83},[69,10680,8840],{"class":121},[69,10682,221],{"class":83},[14,10684,10685],{},[22,10686,643],{},[60,10688,10690],{"className":62,"code":10689,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'x': 2}\n",[17,10691,10692],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,10693,10694,10696,10698,10700,10702,10704,10706],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,10695,8914],{"class":83},[69,10697,488],{"class":94},[69,10699,2041],{"class":336},[69,10701,488],{"class":94},[69,10703,1044],{"class":83},[69,10705,316],{"class":87},[69,10707,8945],{"class":83},[14,10709,10710,10711,25],{},"If you are getting missing-key problems later, you may also run into ",[192,10712,10714],{"href":10713},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F","KeyError in Python",[141,10716,2698],{"id":2697},[14,10718,10719,10720,10722],{},"Common causes of problems with ",[17,10721,8755],{}," include:",[30,10724,10725,10735,10741,10744],{},[33,10726,10727,10728,10731,10732],{},"passing a list like ",[17,10729,10730],{},"['a', 'b']"," instead of ",[17,10733,10734],{},"[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]",[33,10736,10737,10738],{},"using invalid keyword-style keys such as ",[17,10739,10740],{},"dict(first-name='Sam')",[33,10742,10743],{},"expecting duplicate keys to be kept separately",[33,10745,10746,10747,10749],{},"confusing ",[17,10748,8755],{}," with the broader topic of dictionary creation in general",[14,10751,10752],{},"If something is not working, these quick checks can help:",[60,10754,10756],{"className":62,"code":10755,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(list_of_pairs)\nprint(len(list_of_pairs))\n",[17,10757,10758,10772,10782,10793],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,10759,10760,10762,10764,10766,10768,10770],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,10761,110],{"class":109},[69,10763,113],{"class":83},[69,10765,3087],{"class":1126},[69,10767,113],{"class":83},[69,10769,8840],{"class":121},[69,10771,342],{"class":83},[69,10773,10774,10776,10778,10780],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,10775,110],{"class":109},[69,10777,113],{"class":83},[69,10779,8840],{"class":121},[69,10781,221],{"class":83},[69,10783,10784,10786,10788,10791],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,10785,110],{"class":109},[69,10787,113],{"class":83},[69,10789,10790],{"class":121},"list_of_pairs",[69,10792,221],{"class":83},[69,10794,10795,10797,10799,10802,10804,10806],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,10796,110],{"class":109},[69,10798,113],{"class":83},[69,10800,10801],{"class":109},"len",[69,10803,113],{"class":83},[69,10805,10790],{"class":121},[69,10807,342],{"class":83},[14,10809,10810],{},"These checks help you confirm:",[30,10812,10813,10816,10819],{},[33,10814,10815],{},"whether your result is really a dictionary",[33,10817,10818],{},"what data is being passed in",[33,10820,10821],{},"whether your list of pairs has the expected structure",[141,10823,1651],{"id":1650},[1369,10825,5006,10827,587,10829,2359],{"id":10826},"what-is-the-difference-between-dict-and",[17,10828,8755],{},[17,10830,439],{},[14,10832,10833,10835,10836,10838],{},[17,10834,439],{}," is the short literal form. ",[17,10837,8755],{}," is a function that can also convert pairs or use keyword arguments.",[1369,10840,4996,10842,10844],{"id":10841},"can-dict-create-a-dictionary-from-a-list",[17,10843,8755],{}," create a dictionary from a list?",[14,10846,10847,10848,25],{},"Yes, if the list contains 2-item pairs such as ",[17,10849,10734],{},[1369,10851,4984,10853,10856],{"id":10852},"why-does-dictnamealice-use-string-keys",[17,10854,10855],{},"dict(name='Alice')"," use string keys?",[14,10858,10859],{},"In keyword form, Python turns the keyword names into string keys automatically.",[1369,10861,10863,10864,10866],{"id":10862},"can-i-use-spaces-in-keys-with-dict-keyword-arguments","Can I use spaces in keys with ",[17,10865,8755],{}," keyword arguments?",[14,10868,10869,10870,10873],{},"No. For keys with spaces or other invalid identifier characters, use ",[17,10871,10872],{},"{'first name': 'Alice'}"," or pass pairs.",[141,10875,1771],{"id":1770},[30,10877,10878,10883,10887,10892,10898],{},[33,10879,10880],{},[192,10881,10882],{"href":9027},"Creating a dictionary in Python",[33,10884,10885],{},[192,10886,8791],{"href":8790},[33,10888,10889],{},[192,10890,10891],{"href":10369},"How to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[33,10893,10894],{},[192,10895,10375,10896,10379],{"href":10374},[17,10897,10378],{},[33,10899,10900],{},[192,10901,10902],{"href":10713},"KeyError in Python: causes and fixes",[1802,10904,10905],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":10907},[10908,10910,10916,10917,10918,10919,10926,10932,10933,10943],{"id":8981,"depth":106,"text":10909},"What dict() does",{"id":2023,"depth":106,"text":2024,"children":10911},[10912,10913,10914,10915],{"id":9038,"depth":300,"text":9039},{"id":9080,"depth":300,"text":9081},{"id":9184,"depth":300,"text":9185},{"id":9274,"depth":300,"text":9275},{"id":9387,"depth":106,"text":9039},{"id":9491,"depth":106,"text":9492},{"id":9914,"depth":106,"text":9915},{"id":10220,"depth":106,"text":10920,"children":10921},"dict() vs {}",[10922,10924],{"id":10236,"depth":300,"text":10923},"Use {} when:",{"id":10262,"depth":300,"text":10925},"Use dict() when:",{"id":10382,"depth":106,"text":10383,"children":10927},[10928,10929,10930,10931],{"id":10391,"depth":300,"text":10392},{"id":10512,"depth":300,"text":10513},{"id":10570,"depth":300,"text":10571},{"id":10627,"depth":300,"text":10628},{"id":2697,"depth":106,"text":2698},{"id":1650,"depth":106,"text":1651,"children":10934},[10935,10937,10939,10941],{"id":10826,"depth":300,"text":10936},"What is the difference between dict() and {}?",{"id":10841,"depth":300,"text":10938},"Can dict() create a dictionary from a list?",{"id":10852,"depth":300,"text":10940},"Why does dict(name='Alice') use string keys?",{"id":10862,"depth":300,"text":10942},"Can I use spaces in keys with dict() keyword arguments?",{"id":1770,"depth":106,"text":1771},"Master python dict function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained",{"title":8747,"description":10944},"reference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained","pnY0ft_AcouoxXnqOTEjZDN1f3GnmsuukIHgiulbVfc",{"id":10951,"title":10952,"body":10953,"description":12465,"extension":1828,"meta":12466,"navigation":833,"path":12467,"seo":12468,"stem":12469,"__hash__":12470},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method.md","Python Dictionary clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":10954,"toc":12434},[10955,10963,10969,10976,10978,11039,11044,11049,11054,11072,11075,11079,11081,11097,11100,11113,11117,11120,11254,11256,11323,11326,11342,11348,11354,11357,11439,11441,11455,11459,11465,11530,11532,11540,11543,11566,11572,11635,11641,11644,11658,11671,11675,11686,11691,11702,11709,11713,11719,11841,11843,11869,11872,11889,11892,12003,12005,12054,12056,12069,12078,12083,12088,12099,12101,12204,12227,12229,12233,12252,12255,12313,12316,12342,12344,12351,12354,12360,12364,12371,12379,12385,12388,12390,12431],[10,10956,10958,10959,10962],{"id":10957},"python-dictionary-clear-method","Python Dictionary ",[17,10960,10961],{},"clear()"," Method",[14,10964,10965,10968],{},[17,10966,10967],{},"dict.clear()"," removes all items from a dictionary.",[14,10970,10971,10972,10975],{},"Use it when you want to empty a dictionary without replacing the variable with a new dictionary. This method changes the original dictionary ",[22,10973,10974],{},"in place",", which means the same dictionary object is kept, but all key-value pairs are removed.",[141,10977,1870],{"id":1869},[60,10979,10981],{"className":62,"code":10980,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata.clear()\nprint(data)  # {}\n",[17,10982,10983,11015,11026],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,10984,10985,10987,10989,10991,10993,10995,10997,10999,11001,11003,11005,11007,11009,11011,11013],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,10986,8801],{"class":75},[69,10988,80],{"class":79},[69,10990,10128],{"class":83},[69,10992,333],{"class":94},[69,10994,192],{"class":336},[69,10996,333],{"class":94},[69,10998,1044],{"class":83},[69,11000,272],{"class":87},[69,11002,91],{"class":83},[69,11004,964],{"class":94},[69,11006,4587],{"class":336},[69,11008,333],{"class":94},[69,11010,1044],{"class":83},[69,11012,316],{"class":87},[69,11014,8945],{"class":83},[69,11016,11017,11019,11021,11024],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,11018,8840],{"class":75},[69,11020,25],{"class":83},[69,11022,11023],{"class":121},"clear",[69,11025,8277],{"class":83},[69,11027,11028,11030,11032,11034,11036],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,11029,110],{"class":109},[69,11031,113],{"class":83},[69,11033,8840],{"class":121},[69,11035,3525],{"class":83},[69,11037,11038],{"class":128},"  # {}\n",[14,11040,11041,11043],{},[17,11042,10961],{}," removes all items from the same dictionary object.",[141,11045,3540,11047,3543],{"id":11046},"what-clear-does",[17,11048,10961],{},[14,11050,1845,11051,11053],{},[17,11052,10961],{}," method:",[30,11055,11056,11059,11062,11067],{},[33,11057,11058],{},"Removes all key-value pairs from a dictionary",[33,11060,11061],{},"Changes the original dictionary in place",[33,11063,11064,11065],{},"Returns ",[17,11066,449],{},[33,11068,11069,11070],{},"Leaves you with an empty dictionary: ",[17,11071,439],{},[14,11073,11074],{},"This is one of the standard ways to remove dictionary contents without deleting the variable itself.",[14,11076,8787,11077,25],{},[192,11078,8791],{"href":8790},[141,11080,2024],{"id":2023},[60,11082,11084],{"className":62,"code":11083,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_dict.clear()\n",[17,11085,11086],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,11087,11088,11091,11093,11095],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,11089,11090],{"class":75},"my_dict",[69,11092,25],{"class":83},[69,11094,11023],{"class":121},[69,11096,8277],{"class":83},[14,11098,11099],{},"Important points:",[30,11101,11102,11107,11110],{},[33,11103,11104,11106],{},[17,11105,10961],{}," takes no arguments",[33,11108,11109],{},"You call it on a dictionary object",[33,11111,11112],{},"It empties that dictionary",[141,11114,11116],{"id":11115},"simple-example","Simple example",[14,11118,11119],{},"Here is a basic example:",[60,11121,11123],{"className":62,"code":11122,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"user = {\n    \"name\": \"Maya\",\n    \"age\": 25,\n    \"city\": \"Berlin\"\n}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", user)\n\nuser.clear()\n\nprint(\"After:\", user)\n",[17,11124,11125,11135,11156,11170,11187,11191,11195,11215,11219,11230,11234],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,11126,11127,11130,11132],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,11128,11129],{"class":75},"user ",[69,11131,80],{"class":79},[69,11133,11134],{"class":83}," {\n",[69,11136,11137,11140,11142,11144,11146,11148,11151,11153],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,11138,11139],{"class":94},"    \"",[69,11141,7297],{"class":336},[69,11143,333],{"class":94},[69,11145,1044],{"class":83},[69,11147,964],{"class":94},[69,11149,11150],{"class":336},"Maya",[69,11152,333],{"class":94},[69,11154,11155],{"class":83},",\n",[69,11157,11158,11160,11162,11164,11166,11168],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,11159,11139],{"class":94},[69,11161,8935],{"class":336},[69,11163,333],{"class":94},[69,11165,1044],{"class":83},[69,11167,8942],{"class":87},[69,11169,11155],{"class":83},[69,11171,11172,11174,11176,11178,11180,11182,11185],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,11173,11139],{"class":94},[69,11175,10046],{"class":336},[69,11177,333],{"class":94},[69,11179,1044],{"class":83},[69,11181,964],{"class":94},[69,11183,11184],{"class":336},"Berlin",[69,11186,3224],{"class":94},[69,11188,11189],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,11190,8945],{"class":83},[69,11192,11193],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,11194,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,11196,11197,11199,11201,11203,11206,11208,11210,11213],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,11198,110],{"class":109},[69,11200,113],{"class":83},[69,11202,333],{"class":94},[69,11204,11205],{"class":336},"Before:",[69,11207,333],{"class":94},[69,11209,91],{"class":83},[69,11211,11212],{"class":121}," user",[69,11214,221],{"class":83},[69,11216,11217],{"class":71,"line":1269},[69,11218,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,11220,11221,11224,11226,11228],{"class":71,"line":1275},[69,11222,11223],{"class":75},"user",[69,11225,25],{"class":83},[69,11227,11023],{"class":121},[69,11229,8277],{"class":83},[69,11231,11232],{"class":71,"line":1280},[69,11233,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,11235,11237,11239,11241,11243,11246,11248,11250,11252],{"class":71,"line":11236},11,[69,11238,110],{"class":109},[69,11240,113],{"class":83},[69,11242,333],{"class":94},[69,11244,11245],{"class":336},"After:",[69,11247,333],{"class":94},[69,11249,91],{"class":83},[69,11251,11212],{"class":121},[69,11253,221],{"class":83},[14,11255,345],{},[60,11257,11259],{"className":62,"code":11258,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Before: {'name': 'Maya', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Berlin'}\nAfter: {}\n",[17,11260,11261,11314],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,11262,11263,11266,11268,11270,11272,11274,11276,11278,11280,11282,11284,11286,11288,11290,11292,11294,11296,11298,11300,11302,11304,11306,11308,11310,11312],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,11264,11265],{"class":75},"Before",[69,11267,1044],{"class":83},[69,11269,10128],{"class":83},[69,11271,488],{"class":94},[69,11273,7297],{"class":336},[69,11275,488],{"class":94},[69,11277,1044],{"class":83},[69,11279,3161],{"class":94},[69,11281,11150],{"class":336},[69,11283,488],{"class":94},[69,11285,91],{"class":83},[69,11287,3161],{"class":94},[69,11289,8935],{"class":336},[69,11291,488],{"class":94},[69,11293,1044],{"class":83},[69,11295,8942],{"class":87},[69,11297,91],{"class":83},[69,11299,3161],{"class":94},[69,11301,10046],{"class":336},[69,11303,488],{"class":94},[69,11305,1044],{"class":83},[69,11307,3161],{"class":94},[69,11309,11184],{"class":336},[69,11311,488],{"class":94},[69,11313,8945],{"class":83},[69,11315,11316,11319,11321],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,11317,11318],{"class":75},"After",[69,11320,1044],{"class":83},[69,11322,9475],{"class":83},[14,11324,11325],{},"What happens here:",[30,11327,11328,11333,11339],{},[33,11329,11330,11332],{},[17,11331,11223],{}," starts with three items",[33,11334,11335,11338],{},[17,11336,11337],{},"user.clear()"," removes them all",[33,11340,11341],{},"The dictionary still exists, but it is now empty",[141,11343,3540,11345,11347],{"id":11344},"what-clear-returns",[17,11346,10961],{}," returns",[14,11349,11350,678,11352,25],{},[17,11351,10961],{},[17,11353,449],{},[14,11355,11356],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake:",[60,11358,11360],{"className":62,"code":11359,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nresult = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(my_dict)\n",[17,11361,11362,11396,11400,11415,11419,11429],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,11363,11364,11367,11369,11371,11373,11375,11377,11379,11381,11383,11385,11388,11390,11392,11394],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,11365,11366],{"class":75},"my_dict ",[69,11368,80],{"class":79},[69,11370,10128],{"class":83},[69,11372,333],{"class":94},[69,11374,2041],{"class":336},[69,11376,333],{"class":94},[69,11378,1044],{"class":83},[69,11380,272],{"class":87},[69,11382,91],{"class":83},[69,11384,964],{"class":94},[69,11386,11387],{"class":336},"y",[69,11389,333],{"class":94},[69,11391,1044],{"class":83},[69,11393,316],{"class":87},[69,11395,8945],{"class":83},[69,11397,11398],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,11399,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,11401,11402,11404,11406,11409,11411,11413],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,11403,839],{"class":75},[69,11405,80],{"class":79},[69,11407,11408],{"class":75}," my_dict",[69,11410,25],{"class":83},[69,11412,11023],{"class":121},[69,11414,8277],{"class":83},[69,11416,11417],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,11418,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,11420,11421,11423,11425,11427],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,11422,110],{"class":109},[69,11424,113],{"class":83},[69,11426,876],{"class":121},[69,11428,221],{"class":83},[69,11430,11431,11433,11435,11437],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,11432,110],{"class":109},[69,11434,113],{"class":83},[69,11436,11090],{"class":121},[69,11438,221],{"class":83},[14,11440,643],{},[60,11442,11444],{"className":62,"code":11443,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"None\n{}\n",[17,11445,11446,11451],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,11447,11448],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,11449,11450],{"class":289},"None\n",[69,11452,11453],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,11454,9071],{"class":83},[1369,11456,11458],{"id":11457},"common-mistake","Common mistake",[14,11460,11461,11462,11464],{},"Do ",[22,11463,4457],{}," do this:",[60,11466,11468],{"className":62,"code":11467,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)\n",[17,11469,11470,11502,11516,11520],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,11471,11472,11474,11476,11478,11480,11482,11484,11486,11488,11490,11492,11494,11496,11498,11500],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,11473,11366],{"class":75},[69,11475,80],{"class":79},[69,11477,10128],{"class":83},[69,11479,333],{"class":94},[69,11481,2041],{"class":336},[69,11483,333],{"class":94},[69,11485,1044],{"class":83},[69,11487,272],{"class":87},[69,11489,91],{"class":83},[69,11491,964],{"class":94},[69,11493,11387],{"class":336},[69,11495,333],{"class":94},[69,11497,1044],{"class":83},[69,11499,316],{"class":87},[69,11501,8945],{"class":83},[69,11503,11504,11506,11508,11510,11512,11514],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,11505,11366],{"class":75},[69,11507,80],{"class":79},[69,11509,11408],{"class":75},[69,11511,25],{"class":83},[69,11513,11023],{"class":121},[69,11515,8277],{"class":83},[69,11517,11518],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,11519,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,11521,11522,11524,11526,11528],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,11523,110],{"class":109},[69,11525,113],{"class":83},[69,11527,11090],{"class":121},[69,11529,221],{"class":83},[14,11531,643],{},[60,11533,11534],{"className":62,"code":11450,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,11535,11536],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,11537,11538],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,11539,11450],{"class":289},[14,11541,11542],{},"Why this happens:",[30,11544,11545,11551,11556],{},[33,11546,11547,11550],{},[17,11548,11549],{},"my_dict.clear()"," empties the dictionary",[33,11552,11553,11554],{},"The method returns ",[17,11555,449],{},[33,11557,11558,11559,11562,11563,11565],{},"Then ",[17,11560,11561],{},"my_dict = ..."," stores ",[17,11564,449],{}," in the variable",[14,11567,11568,11569,11571],{},"If you want to keep using the dictionary, just call ",[17,11570,10961],{}," by itself:",[60,11573,11575],{"className":62,"code":11574,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)  # {}\n",[17,11576,11577,11609,11619,11623],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,11578,11579,11581,11583,11585,11587,11589,11591,11593,11595,11597,11599,11601,11603,11605,11607],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,11580,11366],{"class":75},[69,11582,80],{"class":79},[69,11584,10128],{"class":83},[69,11586,333],{"class":94},[69,11588,2041],{"class":336},[69,11590,333],{"class":94},[69,11592,1044],{"class":83},[69,11594,272],{"class":87},[69,11596,91],{"class":83},[69,11598,964],{"class":94},[69,11600,11387],{"class":336},[69,11602,333],{"class":94},[69,11604,1044],{"class":83},[69,11606,316],{"class":87},[69,11608,8945],{"class":83},[69,11610,11611,11613,11615,11617],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,11612,11090],{"class":75},[69,11614,25],{"class":83},[69,11616,11023],{"class":121},[69,11618,8277],{"class":83},[69,11620,11621],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,11622,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,11624,11625,11627,11629,11631,11633],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,11626,110],{"class":109},[69,11628,113],{"class":83},[69,11630,11090],{"class":121},[69,11632,3525],{"class":83},[69,11634,11038],{"class":128},[141,11636,11638,11640],{"id":11637},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-dictionary",[17,11639,10961],{}," vs creating a new empty dictionary",[14,11642,11643],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they do different things:",[60,11645,11646],{"className":62,"code":11083,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,11647,11648],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,11649,11650,11652,11654,11656],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,11651,11090],{"class":75},[69,11653,25],{"class":83},[69,11655,11023],{"class":121},[69,11657,8277],{"class":83},[60,11659,11661],{"className":62,"code":11660,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_dict = {}\n",[17,11662,11663],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,11664,11665,11667,11669],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,11666,11366],{"class":75},[69,11668,80],{"class":79},[69,11670,9475],{"class":83},[1369,11672,11673],{"id":11023},[17,11674,10961],{},[30,11676,11677,11680,11683],{},[33,11678,11679],{},"Empties the existing dictionary object",[33,11681,11682],{},"Keeps the same object in memory",[33,11684,11685],{},"Affects all variables that refer to that same dictionary",[1369,11687,11688],{"id":11090},[17,11689,11690],{},"my_dict = {}",[30,11692,11693,11696,11699],{},[33,11694,11695],{},"Creates a new empty dictionary object",[33,11697,11698],{},"Reassigns the variable to that new object",[33,11700,11701],{},"Other variables pointing to the old dictionary are unchanged",[14,11703,11704,11705,25],{},"This difference matters when you are working with shared references. It is also related to ",[192,11706,11708],{"href":11707},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types\u002F","mutable vs immutable types in Python",[141,11710,11712],{"id":11711},"shared-reference-example","Shared reference example",[14,11714,11715,11716,11718],{},"If two variables point to the same dictionary, ",[17,11717,10961],{}," affects both because both names refer to the same object.",[60,11720,11722],{"className":62,"code":11721,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal.clear()\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[17,11723,11724,11757,11767,11771,11782,11786,11806,11826],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,11725,11726,11729,11731,11733,11735,11737,11739,11741,11743,11745,11747,11749,11751,11753,11755],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,11727,11728],{"class":75},"original ",[69,11730,80],{"class":79},[69,11732,10128],{"class":83},[69,11734,333],{"class":94},[69,11736,192],{"class":336},[69,11738,333],{"class":94},[69,11740,1044],{"class":83},[69,11742,272],{"class":87},[69,11744,91],{"class":83},[69,11746,964],{"class":94},[69,11748,4587],{"class":336},[69,11750,333],{"class":94},[69,11752,1044],{"class":83},[69,11754,316],{"class":87},[69,11756,8945],{"class":83},[69,11758,11759,11762,11764],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,11760,11761],{"class":75},"other_ref ",[69,11763,80],{"class":79},[69,11765,11766],{"class":75}," original\n",[69,11768,11769],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,11770,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,11772,11773,11776,11778,11780],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,11774,11775],{"class":75},"original",[69,11777,25],{"class":83},[69,11779,11023],{"class":121},[69,11781,8277],{"class":83},[69,11783,11784],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,11785,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,11787,11788,11790,11792,11794,11797,11799,11801,11804],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,11789,110],{"class":109},[69,11791,113],{"class":83},[69,11793,333],{"class":94},[69,11795,11796],{"class":336},"original:",[69,11798,333],{"class":94},[69,11800,91],{"class":83},[69,11802,11803],{"class":121}," original",[69,11805,221],{"class":83},[69,11807,11808,11810,11812,11814,11817,11819,11821,11824],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,11809,110],{"class":109},[69,11811,113],{"class":83},[69,11813,333],{"class":94},[69,11815,11816],{"class":336},"other_ref:",[69,11818,333],{"class":94},[69,11820,91],{"class":83},[69,11822,11823],{"class":121}," other_ref",[69,11825,221],{"class":83},[69,11827,11828,11830,11832,11834,11837,11839],{"class":71,"line":1269},[69,11829,110],{"class":109},[69,11831,113],{"class":83},[69,11833,11728],{"class":121},[69,11835,11836],{"class":773},"is",[69,11838,11823],{"class":121},[69,11840,221],{"class":83},[14,11842,643],{},[60,11844,11846],{"className":62,"code":11845,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"original: {}\nother_ref: {}\nTrue\n",[17,11847,11848,11856,11865],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,11849,11850,11852,11854],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,11851,11775],{"class":75},[69,11853,1044],{"class":83},[69,11855,9475],{"class":83},[69,11857,11858,11861,11863],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,11859,11860],{"class":75},"other_ref",[69,11862,1044],{"class":83},[69,11864,9475],{"class":83},[69,11866,11867],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,11868,355],{"class":289},[14,11870,11871],{},"This shows:",[30,11873,11874,11881,11886],{},[33,11875,11876,587,11878,11880],{},[17,11877,11775],{},[17,11879,11860],{}," refer to the same dictionary",[33,11882,11883,11885],{},[17,11884,10961],{}," changes that dictionary in place",[33,11887,11888],{},"Both variables now show an empty dictionary",[14,11890,11891],{},"Now compare that with reassignment:",[60,11893,11895],{"className":62,"code":11894,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal = {}\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[17,11896,11897,11929,11937,11941,11949,11953,11971,11989],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,11898,11899,11901,11903,11905,11907,11909,11911,11913,11915,11917,11919,11921,11923,11925,11927],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,11900,11728],{"class":75},[69,11902,80],{"class":79},[69,11904,10128],{"class":83},[69,11906,333],{"class":94},[69,11908,192],{"class":336},[69,11910,333],{"class":94},[69,11912,1044],{"class":83},[69,11914,272],{"class":87},[69,11916,91],{"class":83},[69,11918,964],{"class":94},[69,11920,4587],{"class":336},[69,11922,333],{"class":94},[69,11924,1044],{"class":83},[69,11926,316],{"class":87},[69,11928,8945],{"class":83},[69,11930,11931,11933,11935],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,11932,11761],{"class":75},[69,11934,80],{"class":79},[69,11936,11766],{"class":75},[69,11938,11939],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,11940,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,11942,11943,11945,11947],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,11944,11728],{"class":75},[69,11946,80],{"class":79},[69,11948,9475],{"class":83},[69,11950,11951],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,11952,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,11954,11955,11957,11959,11961,11963,11965,11967,11969],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,11956,110],{"class":109},[69,11958,113],{"class":83},[69,11960,333],{"class":94},[69,11962,11796],{"class":336},[69,11964,333],{"class":94},[69,11966,91],{"class":83},[69,11968,11803],{"class":121},[69,11970,221],{"class":83},[69,11972,11973,11975,11977,11979,11981,11983,11985,11987],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,11974,110],{"class":109},[69,11976,113],{"class":83},[69,11978,333],{"class":94},[69,11980,11816],{"class":336},[69,11982,333],{"class":94},[69,11984,91],{"class":83},[69,11986,11823],{"class":121},[69,11988,221],{"class":83},[69,11990,11991,11993,11995,11997,11999,12001],{"class":71,"line":1269},[69,11992,110],{"class":109},[69,11994,113],{"class":83},[69,11996,11728],{"class":121},[69,11998,11836],{"class":773},[69,12000,11823],{"class":121},[69,12002,221],{"class":83},[14,12004,643],{},[60,12006,12008],{"className":62,"code":12007,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"original: {}\nother_ref: {'a': 1, 'b': 2}\nFalse\n",[17,12009,12010,12018,12050],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,12011,12012,12014,12016],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,12013,11775],{"class":75},[69,12015,1044],{"class":83},[69,12017,9475],{"class":83},[69,12019,12020,12022,12024,12026,12028,12030,12032,12034,12036,12038,12040,12042,12044,12046,12048],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,12021,11860],{"class":75},[69,12023,1044],{"class":83},[69,12025,10128],{"class":83},[69,12027,488],{"class":94},[69,12029,192],{"class":336},[69,12031,488],{"class":94},[69,12033,1044],{"class":83},[69,12035,272],{"class":87},[69,12037,91],{"class":83},[69,12039,3161],{"class":94},[69,12041,4587],{"class":336},[69,12043,488],{"class":94},[69,12045,1044],{"class":83},[69,12047,316],{"class":87},[69,12049,8945],{"class":83},[69,12051,12052],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,12053,360],{"class":289},[14,12055,2046],{},[30,12057,12058,12064],{},[33,12059,12060,12063],{},[17,12061,12062],{},"original = {}"," creates a new dictionary",[33,12065,12066,12068],{},[17,12067,11860],{}," still points to the old one",[14,12070,12071,12072,25],{},"If you want to make a separate dictionary before changing it, see ",[192,12073,12075],{"href":12074},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method\u002F",[17,12076,12077],{},"dict.copy()",[141,12079,4788,12081],{"id":12080},"when-to-use-clear",[17,12082,10961],{},[14,12084,12085,12087],{},[17,12086,10961],{}," is useful when you want to:",[30,12089,12090,12093,12096],{},[33,12091,12092],{},"Reset stored data before reusing a dictionary",[33,12094,12095],{},"Empty a cache or temporary mapping",[33,12097,12098],{},"Remove all items without deleting the variable",[14,12100,2076],{},[60,12102,12104],{"className":62,"code":12103,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"session_data = {\n    \"user_id\": 101,\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\n# Reset for a new session\nsession_data.clear()\n\nprint(session_data)  # {}\n",[17,12105,12106,12115,12131,12151,12164,12168,12172,12177,12188,12192],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,12107,12108,12111,12113],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,12109,12110],{"class":75},"session_data ",[69,12112,80],{"class":79},[69,12114,11134],{"class":83},[69,12116,12117,12119,12122,12124,12126,12129],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,12118,11139],{"class":94},[69,12120,12121],{"class":336},"user_id",[69,12123,333],{"class":94},[69,12125,1044],{"class":83},[69,12127,12128],{"class":87}," 101",[69,12130,11155],{"class":83},[69,12132,12133,12135,12138,12140,12142,12144,12147,12149],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,12134,11139],{"class":94},[69,12136,12137],{"class":336},"theme",[69,12139,333],{"class":94},[69,12141,1044],{"class":83},[69,12143,964],{"class":94},[69,12145,12146],{"class":336},"dark",[69,12148,333],{"class":94},[69,12150,11155],{"class":83},[69,12152,12153,12155,12158,12160,12162],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,12154,11139],{"class":94},[69,12156,12157],{"class":336},"logged_in",[69,12159,333],{"class":94},[69,12161,1044],{"class":83},[69,12163,1266],{"class":289},[69,12165,12166],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,12167,8945],{"class":83},[69,12169,12170],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,12171,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,12173,12174],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,12175,12176],{"class":128},"# Reset for a new session\n",[69,12178,12179,12182,12184,12186],{"class":71,"line":1269},[69,12180,12181],{"class":75},"session_data",[69,12183,25],{"class":83},[69,12185,11023],{"class":121},[69,12187,8277],{"class":83},[69,12189,12190],{"class":71,"line":1275},[69,12191,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,12193,12194,12196,12198,12200,12202],{"class":71,"line":1280},[69,12195,110],{"class":109},[69,12197,113],{"class":83},[69,12199,12181],{"class":121},[69,12201,3525],{"class":83},[69,12203,11038],{"class":128},[14,12205,12206,12207,12213,12214,25,12218,12220,12221,25],{},"If you only want to remove one item, use a more specific method like ",[192,12208,12210],{"href":12209},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method\u002F",[17,12211,12212],{},"dict.pop()"," or read ",[192,12215,12217],{"href":12216},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-a-key-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[9483,12219],{},"\nIf you want to remove the last inserted item, see ",[192,12222,12224],{"href":12223},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method\u002F",[17,12225,12226],{},"dict.popitem()",[141,12228,2698],{"id":2697},[14,12230,10386,12231,1044],{},[17,12232,10961],{},[30,12234,12235,12241,12246,12249],{},[33,12236,12237,12238,12240],{},"Assigning the result of ",[17,12239,10961],{}," to a variable",[33,12242,8086,12243,12245],{},[17,12244,10961],{}," to return a new dictionary",[33,12247,12248],{},"Not realizing the dictionary is changed in place",[33,12250,12251],{},"Clearing a dictionary that is shared by another variable",[14,12253,12254],{},"If something looks wrong, these quick checks can help:",[60,12256,12258],{"className":62,"code":12257,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(id(my_dict))\nprint(other_ref is my_dict)\n",[17,12259,12260,12270,12284,12299],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,12261,12262,12264,12266,12268],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,12263,110],{"class":109},[69,12265,113],{"class":83},[69,12267,11090],{"class":121},[69,12269,221],{"class":83},[69,12271,12272,12274,12276,12278,12280,12282],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,12273,110],{"class":109},[69,12275,113],{"class":83},[69,12277,3087],{"class":1126},[69,12279,113],{"class":83},[69,12281,11090],{"class":121},[69,12283,342],{"class":83},[69,12285,12286,12288,12290,12293,12295,12297],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,12287,110],{"class":109},[69,12289,113],{"class":83},[69,12291,12292],{"class":109},"id",[69,12294,113],{"class":83},[69,12296,11090],{"class":121},[69,12298,342],{"class":83},[69,12300,12301,12303,12305,12307,12309,12311],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,12302,110],{"class":109},[69,12304,113],{"class":83},[69,12306,11761],{"class":121},[69,12308,11836],{"class":773},[69,12310,11408],{"class":121},[69,12312,221],{"class":83},[14,12314,12315],{},"What these show:",[30,12317,12318,12324,12330,12336],{},[33,12319,12320,12323],{},[17,12321,12322],{},"print(my_dict)"," shows the current contents",[33,12325,12326,12329],{},[17,12327,12328],{},"print(type(my_dict))"," confirms it is still a dictionary",[33,12331,12332,12335],{},[17,12333,12334],{},"print(id(my_dict))"," helps you check whether it is the same object as before",[33,12337,12338,12341],{},[17,12339,12340],{},"print(other_ref is my_dict)"," tells you whether two variables point to the same object",[141,12343,1651],{"id":1650},[1369,12345,12347,12348,12350],{"id":12346},"does-clear-delete-the-dictionary","Does ",[17,12349,10961],{}," delete the dictionary?",[14,12352,12353],{},"No. It keeps the dictionary object but removes all items from it.",[1369,12355,4969,12357,12359],{"id":12356},"what-does-dictclear-return",[17,12358,10967],{}," return?",[14,12361,1658,12362,25],{},[17,12363,449],{},[1369,12365,5006,12367,587,12369,2359],{"id":12366},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and",[17,12368,10961],{},[17,12370,439],{},[14,12372,12373,12375,12376,12378],{},[17,12374,10961],{}," empties the same dictionary object. Assigning ",[17,12377,439],{}," creates a new empty dictionary.",[1369,12380,12347,12382,12384],{"id":12381},"does-clear-work-on-nested-dictionaries",[17,12383,10961],{}," work on nested dictionaries?",[14,12386,12387],{},"It removes the top-level items. If nested dictionaries were inside it, those references are removed from this dictionary.",[141,12389,1771],{"id":1770},[30,12391,12392,12396,12400,12407,12414,12421,12426],{},[33,12393,12394],{},[192,12395,8791],{"href":8790},[33,12397,12398],{},[192,12399,10882],{"href":9027},[33,12401,12402],{},[192,12403,10375,12404,10379],{"href":12209},[17,12405,12406],{},"pop()",[33,12408,12409],{},[192,12410,10375,12411,10379],{"href":12223},[17,12412,12413],{},"popitem()",[33,12415,12416],{},[192,12417,10375,12418,10379],{"href":12074},[17,12419,12420],{},"copy()",[33,12422,12423],{},[192,12424,12425],{"href":11707},"Mutable vs immutable types in Python",[33,12427,12428],{},[192,12429,12430],{"href":12216},"How to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[1802,12432,12433],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":12435},[12436,12437,12439,12440,12441,12445,12450,12451,12453,12454,12464],{"id":1869,"depth":106,"text":1870},{"id":11046,"depth":106,"text":12438},"What clear() does",{"id":2023,"depth":106,"text":2024},{"id":11115,"depth":106,"text":11116},{"id":11344,"depth":106,"text":12442,"children":12443},"What clear() returns",[12444],{"id":11457,"depth":300,"text":11458},{"id":11637,"depth":106,"text":12446,"children":12447},"clear() vs creating a new empty dictionary",[12448,12449],{"id":11023,"depth":300,"text":10961},{"id":11090,"depth":300,"text":11690},{"id":11711,"depth":106,"text":11712},{"id":12080,"depth":106,"text":12452},"When to use clear()",{"id":2697,"depth":106,"text":2698},{"id":1650,"depth":106,"text":1651,"children":12455},[12456,12458,12460,12462],{"id":12346,"depth":300,"text":12457},"Does clear() delete the dictionary?",{"id":12356,"depth":300,"text":12459},"What does dict.clear() return?",{"id":12366,"depth":300,"text":12461},"What is the difference between clear() and {}?",{"id":12381,"depth":300,"text":12463},"Does clear() work on nested dictionaries?",{"id":1770,"depth":106,"text":1771},"Master python dictionary clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method",{"title":10952,"description":12465},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method","xe2WHgVVqBBDcVsY_J76LhYda8_TxsqdNPbHatiN8IU",{"id":12472,"title":12473,"body":12474,"description":14643,"extension":1828,"meta":14644,"navigation":833,"path":14645,"seo":14646,"stem":14647,"__hash__":14648},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method.md","Python Dictionary copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":12475,"toc":14615},[12476,12481,12486,12496,12498,12587,12591,12632,12637,12644,12662,12671,12673,12694,12697,12709,12711,12790,12794,12835,12837,12840,12968,12972,13052,13055,13073,13076,13080,13086,13088,13099,13101,13296,13300,13406,13409,13427,13430,13437,13442,13446,13460,13462,13589,13593,13673,13686,13692,13695,13703,13707,13833,13837,13911,13916,14047,14051,14125,14128,14142,14146,14150,14164,14166,14302,14306,14375,14377,14382,14404,14407,14514,14517,14528,14535,14537,14543,14546,14553,14556,14563,14571,14575,14578,14580,14612],[10,12477,10958,12479,10962],{"id":12478},"python-dictionary-copy-method",[17,12480,12420],{},[14,12482,12483,12485],{},[17,12484,12077],{}," creates a new dictionary with the same key-value pairs as the original.",[14,12487,12488,12489,12491,12492,12495],{},"This method is useful when you want a separate dictionary object instead of another variable pointing to the same dictionary. It is important to know that ",[17,12490,12420],{}," makes a ",[22,12493,12494],{},"shallow copy",", not a deep copy.",[141,12497,1870],{"id":1869},[60,12499,12501],{"className":62,"code":12500,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nprint(student_copy)\nprint(student_copy is student)\n",[17,12502,12503,12541,12558,12562,12573],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,12504,12505,12508,12510,12512,12514,12516,12518,12520,12522,12525,12527,12529,12531,12533,12535,12537,12539],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,12506,12507],{"class":75},"student ",[69,12509,80],{"class":79},[69,12511,10128],{"class":83},[69,12513,333],{"class":94},[69,12515,7297],{"class":336},[69,12517,333],{"class":94},[69,12519,1044],{"class":83},[69,12521,964],{"class":94},[69,12523,12524],{"class":336},"Ana",[69,12526,333],{"class":94},[69,12528,91],{"class":83},[69,12530,964],{"class":94},[69,12532,8935],{"class":336},[69,12534,333],{"class":94},[69,12536,1044],{"class":83},[69,12538,7420],{"class":87},[69,12540,8945],{"class":83},[69,12542,12543,12546,12548,12551,12553,12556],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,12544,12545],{"class":75},"student_copy ",[69,12547,80],{"class":79},[69,12549,12550],{"class":75}," student",[69,12552,25],{"class":83},[69,12554,12555],{"class":121},"copy",[69,12557,8277],{"class":83},[69,12559,12560],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,12561,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,12563,12564,12566,12568,12571],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,12565,110],{"class":109},[69,12567,113],{"class":83},[69,12569,12570],{"class":121},"student_copy",[69,12572,221],{"class":83},[69,12574,12575,12577,12579,12581,12583,12585],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,12576,110],{"class":109},[69,12578,113],{"class":83},[69,12580,12545],{"class":121},[69,12582,11836],{"class":773},[69,12584,12550],{"class":121},[69,12586,221],{"class":83},[14,12588,12589],{},[22,12590,643],{},[60,12592,12594],{"className":62,"code":12593,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\nFalse\n",[17,12595,12596,12628],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,12597,12598,12600,12602,12604,12606,12608,12610,12612,12614,12616,12618,12620,12622,12624,12626],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,12599,8914],{"class":83},[69,12601,488],{"class":94},[69,12603,7297],{"class":336},[69,12605,488],{"class":94},[69,12607,1044],{"class":83},[69,12609,3161],{"class":94},[69,12611,12524],{"class":336},[69,12613,488],{"class":94},[69,12615,91],{"class":83},[69,12617,3161],{"class":94},[69,12619,8935],{"class":336},[69,12621,488],{"class":94},[69,12623,1044],{"class":83},[69,12625,7420],{"class":87},[69,12627,8945],{"class":83},[69,12629,12630],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,12631,360],{"class":289},[14,12633,132,12634,12636],{},[17,12635,12420],{}," to create a new dictionary object with the same contents. The result is a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[141,12638,12640,12641,12643],{"id":12639},"what-the-copy-method-does","What the ",[17,12642,12420],{}," method does",[30,12645,12646,12651,12654,12659],{},[33,12647,12648,12650],{},[17,12649,12077],{}," returns a new dictionary",[33,12652,12653],{},"The new dictionary starts with the same keys and values as the original",[33,12655,12656,12657],{},"The original dictionary is not changed by calling ",[17,12658,12420],{},[33,12660,12661],{},"It is useful when you want a separate dictionary object",[14,12663,12664,12665,54,12668,25],{},"If you are still learning how dictionaries work, see ",[192,12666,8791],{"href":12667},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained",[192,12669,9028],{"href":12670},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[141,12672,2024],{"id":2023},[60,12674,12676],{"className":62,"code":12675,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"new_dict = old_dict.copy()\n",[17,12677,12678],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,12679,12680,12683,12685,12688,12690,12692],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,12681,12682],{"class":75},"new_dict ",[69,12684,80],{"class":79},[69,12686,12687],{"class":75}," old_dict",[69,12689,25],{"class":83},[69,12691,12555],{"class":121},[69,12693,8277],{"class":83},[14,12695,12696],{},"Key points:",[30,12698,12699,12703,12706],{},[33,12700,12701,11106],{},[17,12702,12420],{},[33,12704,12705],{},"It returns the copied dictionary",[33,12707,12708],{},"You should store the result in a variable if you want to use the new dictionary",[14,12710,2076],{},[60,12712,12714],{"className":62,"code":12713,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"colors = {\"a\": \"red\", \"b\": \"blue\"}\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[17,12715,12716,12759,12775,12779],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,12717,12718,12721,12723,12725,12727,12729,12731,12733,12735,12738,12740,12742,12744,12746,12748,12750,12752,12755,12757],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,12719,12720],{"class":75},"colors ",[69,12722,80],{"class":79},[69,12724,10128],{"class":83},[69,12726,333],{"class":94},[69,12728,192],{"class":336},[69,12730,333],{"class":94},[69,12732,1044],{"class":83},[69,12734,964],{"class":94},[69,12736,12737],{"class":336},"red",[69,12739,333],{"class":94},[69,12741,91],{"class":83},[69,12743,964],{"class":94},[69,12745,4587],{"class":336},[69,12747,333],{"class":94},[69,12749,1044],{"class":83},[69,12751,964],{"class":94},[69,12753,12754],{"class":336},"blue",[69,12756,333],{"class":94},[69,12758,8945],{"class":83},[69,12760,12761,12764,12766,12769,12771,12773],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,12762,12763],{"class":75},"new_colors ",[69,12765,80],{"class":79},[69,12767,12768],{"class":75}," colors",[69,12770,25],{"class":83},[69,12772,12555],{"class":121},[69,12774,8277],{"class":83},[69,12776,12777],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,12778,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,12780,12781,12783,12785,12788],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,12782,110],{"class":109},[69,12784,113],{"class":83},[69,12786,12787],{"class":121},"new_colors",[69,12789,221],{"class":83},[14,12791,12792],{},[22,12793,643],{},[60,12795,12797],{"className":62,"code":12796,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'a': 'red', 'b': 'blue'}\n",[17,12798,12799],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,12800,12801,12803,12805,12807,12809,12811,12813,12815,12817,12819,12821,12823,12825,12827,12829,12831,12833],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,12802,8914],{"class":83},[69,12804,488],{"class":94},[69,12806,192],{"class":336},[69,12808,488],{"class":94},[69,12810,1044],{"class":83},[69,12812,3161],{"class":94},[69,12814,12737],{"class":336},[69,12816,488],{"class":94},[69,12818,91],{"class":83},[69,12820,3161],{"class":94},[69,12822,4587],{"class":336},[69,12824,488],{"class":94},[69,12826,1044],{"class":83},[69,12828,3161],{"class":94},[69,12830,12754],{"class":336},[69,12832,488],{"class":94},[69,12834,8945],{"class":83},[141,12836,11116],{"id":11115},[14,12838,12839],{},"Here is a basic example with simple values:",[60,12841,12843],{"className":62,"code":12842,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\nperson_copy = person.copy()\n\nperson_copy[\"age\"] = 26\n\nprint(\"Original:\", person)\nprint(\"Copy:\", person_copy)\n",[17,12844,12845,12883,12899,12903,12925,12929,12948],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,12846,12847,12850,12852,12854,12856,12858,12860,12862,12864,12867,12869,12871,12873,12875,12877,12879,12881],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,12848,12849],{"class":75},"person ",[69,12851,80],{"class":79},[69,12853,10128],{"class":83},[69,12855,333],{"class":94},[69,12857,7297],{"class":336},[69,12859,333],{"class":94},[69,12861,1044],{"class":83},[69,12863,964],{"class":94},[69,12865,12866],{"class":336},"Liam",[69,12868,333],{"class":94},[69,12870,91],{"class":83},[69,12872,964],{"class":94},[69,12874,8935],{"class":336},[69,12876,333],{"class":94},[69,12878,1044],{"class":83},[69,12880,8942],{"class":87},[69,12882,8945],{"class":83},[69,12884,12885,12888,12890,12893,12895,12897],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,12886,12887],{"class":75},"person_copy ",[69,12889,80],{"class":79},[69,12891,12892],{"class":75}," person",[69,12894,25],{"class":83},[69,12896,12555],{"class":121},[69,12898,8277],{"class":83},[69,12900,12901],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,12902,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,12904,12905,12908,12910,12912,12914,12916,12919,12922],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,12906,12907],{"class":75},"person_copy",[69,12909,3739],{"class":83},[69,12911,333],{"class":94},[69,12913,8935],{"class":336},[69,12915,333],{"class":94},[69,12917,12918],{"class":83},"]",[69,12920,12921],{"class":79}," =",[69,12923,12924],{"class":87}," 26\n",[69,12926,12927],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,12928,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,12930,12931,12933,12935,12937,12940,12942,12944,12946],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,12932,110],{"class":109},[69,12934,113],{"class":83},[69,12936,333],{"class":94},[69,12938,12939],{"class":336},"Original:",[69,12941,333],{"class":94},[69,12943,91],{"class":83},[69,12945,12892],{"class":121},[69,12947,221],{"class":83},[69,12949,12950,12952,12954,12956,12959,12961,12963,12966],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,12951,110],{"class":109},[69,12953,113],{"class":83},[69,12955,333],{"class":94},[69,12957,12958],{"class":336},"Copy:",[69,12960,333],{"class":94},[69,12962,91],{"class":83},[69,12964,12965],{"class":121}," person_copy",[69,12967,221],{"class":83},[14,12969,12970],{},[22,12971,643],{},[60,12973,12975],{"className":62,"code":12974,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Original: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 25}\nCopy: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 26}\n",[17,12976,12977,13014],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,12978,12979,12982,12984,12986,12988,12990,12992,12994,12996,12998,13000,13002,13004,13006,13008,13010,13012],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,12980,12981],{"class":75},"Original",[69,12983,1044],{"class":83},[69,12985,10128],{"class":83},[69,12987,488],{"class":94},[69,12989,7297],{"class":336},[69,12991,488],{"class":94},[69,12993,1044],{"class":83},[69,12995,3161],{"class":94},[69,12997,12866],{"class":336},[69,12999,488],{"class":94},[69,13001,91],{"class":83},[69,13003,3161],{"class":94},[69,13005,8935],{"class":336},[69,13007,488],{"class":94},[69,13009,1044],{"class":83},[69,13011,8942],{"class":87},[69,13013,8945],{"class":83},[69,13015,13016,13019,13021,13023,13025,13027,13029,13031,13033,13035,13037,13039,13041,13043,13045,13047,13050],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,13017,13018],{"class":75},"Copy",[69,13020,1044],{"class":83},[69,13022,10128],{"class":83},[69,13024,488],{"class":94},[69,13026,7297],{"class":336},[69,13028,488],{"class":94},[69,13030,1044],{"class":83},[69,13032,3161],{"class":94},[69,13034,12866],{"class":336},[69,13036,488],{"class":94},[69,13038,91],{"class":83},[69,13040,3161],{"class":94},[69,13042,8935],{"class":336},[69,13044,488],{"class":94},[69,13046,1044],{"class":83},[69,13048,13049],{"class":87}," 26",[69,13051,8945],{"class":83},[14,13053,13054],{},"What happened here:",[30,13056,13057,13063,13070],{},[33,13058,13059,13062],{},[17,13060,13061],{},"person.copy()"," created a new dictionary",[33,13064,13065,13066,13069],{},"Changing ",[17,13067,13068],{},"person_copy[\"age\"]"," changed only the copied dictionary",[33,13071,13072],{},"The original dictionary stayed the same",[14,13074,13075],{},"This works as beginners usually expect when the dictionary contains simple values like strings, numbers, or booleans.",[141,13077,13079],{"id":13078},"shallow-copy-explained","Shallow copy explained",[14,13081,13082,12491,13084,25],{},[17,13083,12420],{},[22,13085,12494],{},[14,13087,1974],{},[30,13089,13090,13093,13096],{},[33,13091,13092],{},"The top-level dictionary is new",[33,13094,13095],{},"But nested mutable values are still shared",[33,13097,13098],{},"This includes values like lists and dictionaries inside the dictionary",[14,13100,2076],{},[60,13102,13104],{"className":62,"code":13103,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"grades\": [90, 85]\n}\n\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nstudent_copy[\"grades\"].append(100)\n\nprint(\"Original:\", student)\nprint(\"Copy:\", student_copy)\nprint(student is student_copy)\nprint(student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"])\n",[17,13105,13106,13114,13132,13155,13159,13163,13177,13181,13206,13210,13228,13247,13262],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,13107,13108,13110,13112],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,13109,12507],{"class":75},[69,13111,80],{"class":79},[69,13113,11134],{"class":83},[69,13115,13116,13118,13120,13122,13124,13126,13128,13130],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,13117,11139],{"class":94},[69,13119,7297],{"class":336},[69,13121,333],{"class":94},[69,13123,1044],{"class":83},[69,13125,964],{"class":94},[69,13127,12524],{"class":336},[69,13129,333],{"class":94},[69,13131,11155],{"class":83},[69,13133,13134,13136,13139,13141,13143,13145,13148,13150,13153],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,13135,11139],{"class":94},[69,13137,13138],{"class":336},"grades",[69,13140,333],{"class":94},[69,13142,1044],{"class":83},[69,13144,84],{"class":83},[69,13146,13147],{"class":87},"90",[69,13149,91],{"class":83},[69,13151,13152],{"class":87}," 85",[69,13154,103],{"class":83},[69,13156,13157],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,13158,8945],{"class":83},[69,13160,13161],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,13162,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,13164,13165,13167,13169,13171,13173,13175],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,13166,12545],{"class":75},[69,13168,80],{"class":79},[69,13170,12550],{"class":75},[69,13172,25],{"class":83},[69,13174,12555],{"class":121},[69,13176,8277],{"class":83},[69,13178,13179],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,13180,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,13182,13183,13185,13187,13189,13191,13193,13196,13199,13201,13204],{"class":71,"line":1269},[69,13184,12570],{"class":75},[69,13186,3739],{"class":83},[69,13188,333],{"class":94},[69,13190,13138],{"class":336},[69,13192,333],{"class":94},[69,13194,13195],{"class":83},"].",[69,13197,13198],{"class":121},"append",[69,13200,113],{"class":83},[69,13202,13203],{"class":87},"100",[69,13205,221],{"class":83},[69,13207,13208],{"class":71,"line":1275},[69,13209,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,13211,13212,13214,13216,13218,13220,13222,13224,13226],{"class":71,"line":1280},[69,13213,110],{"class":109},[69,13215,113],{"class":83},[69,13217,333],{"class":94},[69,13219,12939],{"class":336},[69,13221,333],{"class":94},[69,13223,91],{"class":83},[69,13225,12550],{"class":121},[69,13227,221],{"class":83},[69,13229,13230,13232,13234,13236,13238,13240,13242,13245],{"class":71,"line":11236},[69,13231,110],{"class":109},[69,13233,113],{"class":83},[69,13235,333],{"class":94},[69,13237,12958],{"class":336},[69,13239,333],{"class":94},[69,13241,91],{"class":83},[69,13243,13244],{"class":121}," student_copy",[69,13246,221],{"class":83},[69,13248,13250,13252,13254,13256,13258,13260],{"class":71,"line":13249},12,[69,13251,110],{"class":109},[69,13253,113],{"class":83},[69,13255,12507],{"class":121},[69,13257,11836],{"class":773},[69,13259,13244],{"class":121},[69,13261,221],{"class":83},[69,13263,13265,13267,13269,13272,13274,13276,13278,13280,13282,13284,13286,13288,13290,13292,13294],{"class":71,"line":13264},13,[69,13266,110],{"class":109},[69,13268,113],{"class":83},[69,13270,13271],{"class":121},"student",[69,13273,3739],{"class":83},[69,13275,333],{"class":94},[69,13277,13138],{"class":336},[69,13279,333],{"class":94},[69,13281,12918],{"class":83},[69,13283,7728],{"class":773},[69,13285,13244],{"class":121},[69,13287,3739],{"class":83},[69,13289,333],{"class":94},[69,13291,13138],{"class":336},[69,13293,333],{"class":94},[69,13295,3727],{"class":83},[14,13297,13298],{},[22,13299,643],{},[60,13301,13303],{"className":62,"code":13302,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Original: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nCopy: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nFalse\nTrue\n",[17,13304,13305,13352,13398,13402],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,13306,13307,13309,13311,13313,13315,13317,13319,13321,13323,13325,13327,13329,13331,13333,13335,13337,13339,13341,13343,13345,13347,13349],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,13308,12981],{"class":75},[69,13310,1044],{"class":83},[69,13312,10128],{"class":83},[69,13314,488],{"class":94},[69,13316,7297],{"class":336},[69,13318,488],{"class":94},[69,13320,1044],{"class":83},[69,13322,3161],{"class":94},[69,13324,12524],{"class":336},[69,13326,488],{"class":94},[69,13328,91],{"class":83},[69,13330,3161],{"class":94},[69,13332,13138],{"class":336},[69,13334,488],{"class":94},[69,13336,1044],{"class":83},[69,13338,84],{"class":83},[69,13340,13147],{"class":87},[69,13342,91],{"class":83},[69,13344,13152],{"class":87},[69,13346,91],{"class":83},[69,13348,9755],{"class":87},[69,13350,13351],{"class":83},"]}\n",[69,13353,13354,13356,13358,13360,13362,13364,13366,13368,13370,13372,13374,13376,13378,13380,13382,13384,13386,13388,13390,13392,13394,13396],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,13355,13018],{"class":75},[69,13357,1044],{"class":83},[69,13359,10128],{"class":83},[69,13361,488],{"class":94},[69,13363,7297],{"class":336},[69,13365,488],{"class":94},[69,13367,1044],{"class":83},[69,13369,3161],{"class":94},[69,13371,12524],{"class":336},[69,13373,488],{"class":94},[69,13375,91],{"class":83},[69,13377,3161],{"class":94},[69,13379,13138],{"class":336},[69,13381,488],{"class":94},[69,13383,1044],{"class":83},[69,13385,84],{"class":83},[69,13387,13147],{"class":87},[69,13389,91],{"class":83},[69,13391,13152],{"class":87},[69,13393,91],{"class":83},[69,13395,9755],{"class":87},[69,13397,13351],{"class":83},[69,13399,13400],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,13401,360],{"class":289},[69,13403,13404],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,13405,355],{"class":289},[14,13407,13408],{},"Notice the difference:",[30,13410,13411,13419],{},[33,13412,13413,4610,13416,13418],{},[17,13414,13415],{},"student is student_copy",[17,13417,57],{},", so they are different dictionaries",[33,13420,13421,4610,13424,13426],{},[17,13422,13423],{},"student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"]",[17,13425,53],{},", so both dictionaries share the same list",[14,13428,13429],{},"Because of that, changing the nested list in the copy also changed the original.",[14,13431,13432,13433,25],{},"If you want to understand this in more detail, see ",[192,13434,13436],{"href":13435},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","Python shallow copy vs deep copy explained",[141,13438,4788,13440],{"id":13439},"when-to-use-copy",[17,13441,12420],{},[14,13443,132,13444,10239],{},[17,13445,12420],{},[30,13447,13448,13451,13454,13457],{},[33,13449,13450],{},"You want to edit a dictionary without changing the original",[33,13452,13453],{},"You need a backup before making updates",[33,13455,13456],{},"You pass a dictionary to code that may modify it",[33,13458,13459],{},"Your dictionary contains only simple values, so a shallow copy is enough",[14,13461,2076],{},[60,13463,13465],{"className":62,"code":13464,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\", \"font_size\": 14}\nsettings_backup = settings.copy()\n\nsettings[\"font_size\"] = 16\n\nprint(\"Current:\", settings)\nprint(\"Backup:\", settings_backup)\n",[17,13466,13467,13506,13522,13526,13546,13550,13569],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,13468,13469,13472,13474,13476,13478,13480,13482,13484,13486,13488,13490,13492,13494,13497,13499,13501,13504],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,13470,13471],{"class":75},"settings ",[69,13473,80],{"class":79},[69,13475,10128],{"class":83},[69,13477,333],{"class":94},[69,13479,12137],{"class":336},[69,13481,333],{"class":94},[69,13483,1044],{"class":83},[69,13485,964],{"class":94},[69,13487,12146],{"class":336},[69,13489,333],{"class":94},[69,13491,91],{"class":83},[69,13493,964],{"class":94},[69,13495,13496],{"class":336},"font_size",[69,13498,333],{"class":94},[69,13500,1044],{"class":83},[69,13502,13503],{"class":87}," 14",[69,13505,8945],{"class":83},[69,13507,13508,13511,13513,13516,13518,13520],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,13509,13510],{"class":75},"settings_backup ",[69,13512,80],{"class":79},[69,13514,13515],{"class":75}," settings",[69,13517,25],{"class":83},[69,13519,12555],{"class":121},[69,13521,8277],{"class":83},[69,13523,13524],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,13525,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,13527,13528,13531,13533,13535,13537,13539,13541,13543],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,13529,13530],{"class":75},"settings",[69,13532,3739],{"class":83},[69,13534,333],{"class":94},[69,13536,13496],{"class":336},[69,13538,333],{"class":94},[69,13540,12918],{"class":83},[69,13542,12921],{"class":79},[69,13544,13545],{"class":87}," 16\n",[69,13547,13548],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,13549,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,13551,13552,13554,13556,13558,13561,13563,13565,13567],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,13553,110],{"class":109},[69,13555,113],{"class":83},[69,13557,333],{"class":94},[69,13559,13560],{"class":336},"Current:",[69,13562,333],{"class":94},[69,13564,91],{"class":83},[69,13566,13515],{"class":121},[69,13568,221],{"class":83},[69,13570,13571,13573,13575,13577,13580,13582,13584,13587],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,13572,110],{"class":109},[69,13574,113],{"class":83},[69,13576,333],{"class":94},[69,13578,13579],{"class":336},"Backup:",[69,13581,333],{"class":94},[69,13583,91],{"class":83},[69,13585,13586],{"class":121}," settings_backup",[69,13588,221],{"class":83},[14,13590,13591],{},[22,13592,643],{},[60,13594,13596],{"className":62,"code":13595,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Current: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 16}\nBackup: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 14}\n",[17,13597,13598,13636],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,13599,13600,13603,13605,13607,13609,13611,13613,13615,13617,13619,13621,13623,13625,13627,13629,13631,13634],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,13601,13602],{"class":75},"Current",[69,13604,1044],{"class":83},[69,13606,10128],{"class":83},[69,13608,488],{"class":94},[69,13610,12137],{"class":336},[69,13612,488],{"class":94},[69,13614,1044],{"class":83},[69,13616,3161],{"class":94},[69,13618,12146],{"class":336},[69,13620,488],{"class":94},[69,13622,91],{"class":83},[69,13624,3161],{"class":94},[69,13626,13496],{"class":336},[69,13628,488],{"class":94},[69,13630,1044],{"class":83},[69,13632,13633],{"class":87}," 16",[69,13635,8945],{"class":83},[69,13637,13638,13641,13643,13645,13647,13649,13651,13653,13655,13657,13659,13661,13663,13665,13667,13669,13671],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,13639,13640],{"class":75},"Backup",[69,13642,1044],{"class":83},[69,13644,10128],{"class":83},[69,13646,488],{"class":94},[69,13648,12137],{"class":336},[69,13650,488],{"class":94},[69,13652,1044],{"class":83},[69,13654,3161],{"class":94},[69,13656,12146],{"class":336},[69,13658,488],{"class":94},[69,13660,91],{"class":83},[69,13662,3161],{"class":94},[69,13664,13496],{"class":336},[69,13666,488],{"class":94},[69,13668,1044],{"class":83},[69,13670,13503],{"class":87},[69,13672,8945],{"class":83},[14,13674,13675,13676,54,13682,25],{},"This is a common pattern before using methods that change a dictionary, such as ",[192,13677,13679],{"href":13678},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method",[17,13680,13681],{},"dict.update()",[192,13683,13684],{"href":12467},[17,13685,10967],{},[141,13687,13689,13691],{"id":13688},"copy-vs-assignment",[17,13690,12420],{}," vs assignment",[14,13693,13694],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes.",[14,13696,8050,13697,13699,13700,13702],{},[17,13698,80],{}," does ",[22,13701,4457],{}," make a new dictionary. It only creates another variable that refers to the same object.",[1369,13704,13706],{"id":13705},"using-assignment","Using assignment",[60,13708,13710],{"className":62,"code":13709,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nassigned = original\n\nassigned[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Assigned:\", assigned)\nprint(original is assigned)\n",[17,13711,13712,13744,13753,13757,13777,13781,13799,13819],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,13713,13714,13716,13718,13720,13722,13724,13726,13728,13730,13732,13734,13736,13738,13740,13742],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,13715,11728],{"class":75},[69,13717,80],{"class":79},[69,13719,10128],{"class":83},[69,13721,333],{"class":94},[69,13723,2041],{"class":336},[69,13725,333],{"class":94},[69,13727,1044],{"class":83},[69,13729,272],{"class":87},[69,13731,91],{"class":83},[69,13733,964],{"class":94},[69,13735,11387],{"class":336},[69,13737,333],{"class":94},[69,13739,1044],{"class":83},[69,13741,316],{"class":87},[69,13743,8945],{"class":83},[69,13745,13746,13749,13751],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,13747,13748],{"class":75},"assigned ",[69,13750,80],{"class":79},[69,13752,11766],{"class":75},[69,13754,13755],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,13756,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,13758,13759,13762,13764,13766,13768,13770,13772,13774],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,13760,13761],{"class":75},"assigned",[69,13763,3739],{"class":83},[69,13765,333],{"class":94},[69,13767,2041],{"class":336},[69,13769,333],{"class":94},[69,13771,12918],{"class":83},[69,13773,12921],{"class":79},[69,13775,13776],{"class":87}," 99\n",[69,13778,13779],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,13780,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,13782,13783,13785,13787,13789,13791,13793,13795,13797],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,13784,110],{"class":109},[69,13786,113],{"class":83},[69,13788,333],{"class":94},[69,13790,12939],{"class":336},[69,13792,333],{"class":94},[69,13794,91],{"class":83},[69,13796,11803],{"class":121},[69,13798,221],{"class":83},[69,13800,13801,13803,13805,13807,13810,13812,13814,13817],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,13802,110],{"class":109},[69,13804,113],{"class":83},[69,13806,333],{"class":94},[69,13808,13809],{"class":336},"Assigned:",[69,13811,333],{"class":94},[69,13813,91],{"class":83},[69,13815,13816],{"class":121}," assigned",[69,13818,221],{"class":83},[69,13820,13821,13823,13825,13827,13829,13831],{"class":71,"line":1269},[69,13822,110],{"class":109},[69,13824,113],{"class":83},[69,13826,11728],{"class":121},[69,13828,11836],{"class":773},[69,13830,13816],{"class":121},[69,13832,221],{"class":83},[14,13834,13835],{},[22,13836,643],{},[60,13838,13840],{"className":62,"code":13839,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Original: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nAssigned: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nTrue\n",[17,13841,13842,13874,13907],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,13843,13844,13846,13848,13850,13852,13854,13856,13858,13860,13862,13864,13866,13868,13870,13872],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,13845,12981],{"class":75},[69,13847,1044],{"class":83},[69,13849,10128],{"class":83},[69,13851,488],{"class":94},[69,13853,2041],{"class":336},[69,13855,488],{"class":94},[69,13857,1044],{"class":83},[69,13859,9834],{"class":87},[69,13861,91],{"class":83},[69,13863,3161],{"class":94},[69,13865,11387],{"class":336},[69,13867,488],{"class":94},[69,13869,1044],{"class":83},[69,13871,316],{"class":87},[69,13873,8945],{"class":83},[69,13875,13876,13879,13881,13883,13885,13887,13889,13891,13893,13895,13897,13899,13901,13903,13905],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,13877,13878],{"class":75},"Assigned",[69,13880,1044],{"class":83},[69,13882,10128],{"class":83},[69,13884,488],{"class":94},[69,13886,2041],{"class":336},[69,13888,488],{"class":94},[69,13890,1044],{"class":83},[69,13892,9834],{"class":87},[69,13894,91],{"class":83},[69,13896,3161],{"class":94},[69,13898,11387],{"class":336},[69,13900,488],{"class":94},[69,13902,1044],{"class":83},[69,13904,316],{"class":87},[69,13906,8945],{"class":83},[69,13908,13909],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,13910,355],{"class":289},[1369,13912,8050,13914],{"id":13913},"using-copy",[17,13915,12420],{},[60,13917,13919],{"className":62,"code":13918,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Copied:\", copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[17,13920,13921,13953,13968,13972,13991,13995,14013,14033],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,13922,13923,13925,13927,13929,13931,13933,13935,13937,13939,13941,13943,13945,13947,13949,13951],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,13924,11728],{"class":75},[69,13926,80],{"class":79},[69,13928,10128],{"class":83},[69,13930,333],{"class":94},[69,13932,2041],{"class":336},[69,13934,333],{"class":94},[69,13936,1044],{"class":83},[69,13938,272],{"class":87},[69,13940,91],{"class":83},[69,13942,964],{"class":94},[69,13944,11387],{"class":336},[69,13946,333],{"class":94},[69,13948,1044],{"class":83},[69,13950,316],{"class":87},[69,13952,8945],{"class":83},[69,13954,13955,13958,13960,13962,13964,13966],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,13956,13957],{"class":75},"copied ",[69,13959,80],{"class":79},[69,13961,11803],{"class":75},[69,13963,25],{"class":83},[69,13965,12555],{"class":121},[69,13967,8277],{"class":83},[69,13969,13970],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,13971,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,13973,13974,13977,13979,13981,13983,13985,13987,13989],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,13975,13976],{"class":75},"copied",[69,13978,3739],{"class":83},[69,13980,333],{"class":94},[69,13982,2041],{"class":336},[69,13984,333],{"class":94},[69,13986,12918],{"class":83},[69,13988,12921],{"class":79},[69,13990,13776],{"class":87},[69,13992,13993],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,13994,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,13996,13997,13999,14001,14003,14005,14007,14009,14011],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,13998,110],{"class":109},[69,14000,113],{"class":83},[69,14002,333],{"class":94},[69,14004,12939],{"class":336},[69,14006,333],{"class":94},[69,14008,91],{"class":83},[69,14010,11803],{"class":121},[69,14012,221],{"class":83},[69,14014,14015,14017,14019,14021,14024,14026,14028,14031],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,14016,110],{"class":109},[69,14018,113],{"class":83},[69,14020,333],{"class":94},[69,14022,14023],{"class":336},"Copied:",[69,14025,333],{"class":94},[69,14027,91],{"class":83},[69,14029,14030],{"class":121}," copied",[69,14032,221],{"class":83},[69,14034,14035,14037,14039,14041,14043,14045],{"class":71,"line":1269},[69,14036,110],{"class":109},[69,14038,113],{"class":83},[69,14040,11728],{"class":121},[69,14042,11836],{"class":773},[69,14044,14030],{"class":121},[69,14046,221],{"class":83},[14,14048,14049],{},[22,14050,643],{},[60,14052,14054],{"className":62,"code":14053,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Original: {'x': 1, 'y': 2}\nCopied: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nFalse\n",[17,14055,14056,14088,14121],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,14057,14058,14060,14062,14064,14066,14068,14070,14072,14074,14076,14078,14080,14082,14084,14086],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,14059,12981],{"class":75},[69,14061,1044],{"class":83},[69,14063,10128],{"class":83},[69,14065,488],{"class":94},[69,14067,2041],{"class":336},[69,14069,488],{"class":94},[69,14071,1044],{"class":83},[69,14073,272],{"class":87},[69,14075,91],{"class":83},[69,14077,3161],{"class":94},[69,14079,11387],{"class":336},[69,14081,488],{"class":94},[69,14083,1044],{"class":83},[69,14085,316],{"class":87},[69,14087,8945],{"class":83},[69,14089,14090,14093,14095,14097,14099,14101,14103,14105,14107,14109,14111,14113,14115,14117,14119],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,14091,14092],{"class":75},"Copied",[69,14094,1044],{"class":83},[69,14096,10128],{"class":83},[69,14098,488],{"class":94},[69,14100,2041],{"class":336},[69,14102,488],{"class":94},[69,14104,1044],{"class":83},[69,14106,9834],{"class":87},[69,14108,91],{"class":83},[69,14110,3161],{"class":94},[69,14112,11387],{"class":336},[69,14114,488],{"class":94},[69,14116,1044],{"class":83},[69,14118,316],{"class":87},[69,14120,8945],{"class":83},[69,14122,14123],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,14124,360],{"class":289},[14,14126,14127],{},"Summary:",[30,14129,14130,14136],{},[33,14131,14132,14135],{},[17,14133,14134],{},"assigned = original"," → same dictionary",[33,14137,14138,14141],{},[17,14139,14140],{},"copied = original.copy()"," → new dictionary",[141,14143,14145],{"id":14144},"return-value-and-method-behavior","Return value and method behavior",[14,14147,14148,1044],{},[17,14149,12420],{},[30,14151,14152,14155,14158,14161],{},[33,14153,14154],{},"Returns a dictionary",[33,14156,14157],{},"Does not modify the original dictionary",[33,14159,14160],{},"Copies the contents as they are at the time of copying",[33,14162,14163],{},"Keeps later top-level changes separate between the two dictionaries",[14,14165,2076],{},[60,14167,14169],{"className":62,"code":14168,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata_copy = data.copy()\n\ndata[\"a\"] = 10\ndata_copy[\"b\"] = 20\n\nprint(\"Original:\", data)\nprint(\"Copy:\", data_copy)\n",[17,14170,14171,14203,14219,14223,14241,14261,14265,14283],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,14172,14173,14175,14177,14179,14181,14183,14185,14187,14189,14191,14193,14195,14197,14199,14201],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,14174,8801],{"class":75},[69,14176,80],{"class":79},[69,14178,10128],{"class":83},[69,14180,333],{"class":94},[69,14182,192],{"class":336},[69,14184,333],{"class":94},[69,14186,1044],{"class":83},[69,14188,272],{"class":87},[69,14190,91],{"class":83},[69,14192,964],{"class":94},[69,14194,4587],{"class":336},[69,14196,333],{"class":94},[69,14198,1044],{"class":83},[69,14200,316],{"class":87},[69,14202,8945],{"class":83},[69,14204,14205,14208,14210,14213,14215,14217],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,14206,14207],{"class":75},"data_copy ",[69,14209,80],{"class":79},[69,14211,14212],{"class":75}," data",[69,14214,25],{"class":83},[69,14216,12555],{"class":121},[69,14218,8277],{"class":83},[69,14220,14221],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,14222,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,14224,14225,14227,14229,14231,14233,14235,14237,14239],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,14226,8840],{"class":75},[69,14228,3739],{"class":83},[69,14230,333],{"class":94},[69,14232,192],{"class":336},[69,14234,333],{"class":94},[69,14236,12918],{"class":83},[69,14238,12921],{"class":79},[69,14240,2454],{"class":87},[69,14242,14243,14246,14248,14250,14252,14254,14256,14258],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,14244,14245],{"class":75},"data_copy",[69,14247,3739],{"class":83},[69,14249,333],{"class":94},[69,14251,4587],{"class":336},[69,14253,333],{"class":94},[69,14255,12918],{"class":83},[69,14257,12921],{"class":79},[69,14259,14260],{"class":87}," 20\n",[69,14262,14263],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,14264,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,14266,14267,14269,14271,14273,14275,14277,14279,14281],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,14268,110],{"class":109},[69,14270,113],{"class":83},[69,14272,333],{"class":94},[69,14274,12939],{"class":336},[69,14276,333],{"class":94},[69,14278,91],{"class":83},[69,14280,14212],{"class":121},[69,14282,221],{"class":83},[69,14284,14285,14287,14289,14291,14293,14295,14297,14300],{"class":71,"line":1269},[69,14286,110],{"class":109},[69,14288,113],{"class":83},[69,14290,333],{"class":94},[69,14292,12958],{"class":336},[69,14294,333],{"class":94},[69,14296,91],{"class":83},[69,14298,14299],{"class":121}," data_copy",[69,14301,221],{"class":83},[14,14303,14304],{},[22,14305,643],{},[60,14307,14309],{"className":62,"code":14308,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Original: {'a': 10, 'b': 2}\nCopy: {'a': 1, 'b': 20}\n",[17,14310,14311,14343],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,14312,14313,14315,14317,14319,14321,14323,14325,14327,14329,14331,14333,14335,14337,14339,14341],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,14314,12981],{"class":75},[69,14316,1044],{"class":83},[69,14318,10128],{"class":83},[69,14320,488],{"class":94},[69,14322,192],{"class":336},[69,14324,488],{"class":94},[69,14326,1044],{"class":83},[69,14328,826],{"class":87},[69,14330,91],{"class":83},[69,14332,3161],{"class":94},[69,14334,4587],{"class":336},[69,14336,488],{"class":94},[69,14338,1044],{"class":83},[69,14340,316],{"class":87},[69,14342,8945],{"class":83},[69,14344,14345,14347,14349,14351,14353,14355,14357,14359,14361,14363,14365,14367,14369,14371,14373],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,14346,13018],{"class":75},[69,14348,1044],{"class":83},[69,14350,10128],{"class":83},[69,14352,488],{"class":94},[69,14354,192],{"class":336},[69,14356,488],{"class":94},[69,14358,1044],{"class":83},[69,14360,272],{"class":87},[69,14362,91],{"class":83},[69,14364,3161],{"class":94},[69,14366,4587],{"class":336},[69,14368,488],{"class":94},[69,14370,1044],{"class":83},[69,14372,7420],{"class":87},[69,14374,8945],{"class":83},[141,14376,2698],{"id":2697},[14,14378,14379,14380,1044],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into with ",[17,14381,12077],{},[30,14383,14384,14391,14396,14401],{},[33,14385,8050,14386,10731,14388,14390],{},[17,14387,80],{},[17,14389,12420],{}," and expecting an independent dictionary",[33,14392,4406,14393,14395],{},[17,14394,12420],{}," also duplicates nested lists and nested dictionaries",[33,14397,14398,14399],{},"Forgetting to save the return value of ",[17,14400,12420],{},[33,14402,14403],{},"Changing a nested value in the copied dictionary and being surprised that the original also changes",[14,14405,14406],{},"These print statements can help you debug:",[60,14408,14410],{"className":62,"code":14409,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[\"key\"]))\nprint(id(copied[\"key\"]))\n",[17,14411,14412,14422,14432,14446,14469,14492],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,14413,14414,14416,14418,14420],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,14415,110],{"class":109},[69,14417,113],{"class":83},[69,14419,11775],{"class":121},[69,14421,221],{"class":83},[69,14423,14424,14426,14428,14430],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,14425,110],{"class":109},[69,14427,113],{"class":83},[69,14429,13976],{"class":121},[69,14431,221],{"class":83},[69,14433,14434,14436,14438,14440,14442,14444],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,14435,110],{"class":109},[69,14437,113],{"class":83},[69,14439,11728],{"class":121},[69,14441,11836],{"class":773},[69,14443,14030],{"class":121},[69,14445,221],{"class":83},[69,14447,14448,14450,14452,14454,14456,14458,14460,14463,14465,14467],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,14449,110],{"class":109},[69,14451,113],{"class":83},[69,14453,12292],{"class":109},[69,14455,113],{"class":83},[69,14457,11775],{"class":121},[69,14459,8869],{"class":83},[69,14461,14462],{"class":109}," id",[69,14464,113],{"class":83},[69,14466,13976],{"class":121},[69,14468,342],{"class":83},[69,14470,14471,14473,14475,14477,14479,14481,14483,14485,14488,14490],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,14472,110],{"class":109},[69,14474,113],{"class":83},[69,14476,12292],{"class":109},[69,14478,113],{"class":83},[69,14480,11775],{"class":121},[69,14482,3739],{"class":83},[69,14484,333],{"class":94},[69,14486,14487],{"class":336},"key",[69,14489,333],{"class":94},[69,14491,275],{"class":83},[69,14493,14494,14496,14498,14500,14502,14504,14506,14508,14510,14512],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,14495,110],{"class":109},[69,14497,113],{"class":83},[69,14499,12292],{"class":109},[69,14501,113],{"class":83},[69,14503,13976],{"class":121},[69,14505,3739],{"class":83},[69,14507,333],{"class":94},[69,14509,14487],{"class":336},[69,14511,333],{"class":94},[69,14513,275],{"class":83},[14,14515,14516],{},"What these help you check:",[30,14518,14519,14522,14525],{},[33,14520,14521],{},"Whether the dictionaries have the same contents",[33,14523,14524],{},"Whether the two variables point to the same dictionary",[33,14526,14527],{},"Whether a nested value is shared between both dictionaries",[14,14529,14530,14531,25],{},"If you need to copy nested data structures too, you may need a deep copy. A related example is ",[192,14532,14534],{"href":14533},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python","how to copy a list in Python",[141,14536,1651],{"id":1650},[1369,14538,12347,14540,14542],{"id":14539},"does-dictcopy-change-the-original-dictionary",[17,14541,12077],{}," change the original dictionary?",[14,14544,14545],{},"No. It returns a new dictionary and leaves the original unchanged.",[1369,14547,14549,14550,14552],{"id":14548},"is-dictcopy-a-deep-copy","Is ",[17,14551,12077],{}," a deep copy?",[14,14554,14555],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable objects are still shared.",[1369,14557,5006,14559,587,14561,2359],{"id":14558},"what-is-the-difference-between-copy-and",[17,14560,12420],{},[17,14562,80],{},[14,14564,14565,14567,14568,14570],{},[17,14566,12420],{}," creates a new dictionary object. ",[17,14569,80],{}," makes a new variable name pointing to the same dictionary.",[1369,14572,14574],{"id":14573},"when-should-i-use-a-deep-copy-instead","When should I use a deep copy instead?",[14,14576,14577],{},"Use a deep copy when your dictionary contains nested mutable objects and you want fully independent copies.",[141,14579,1771],{"id":1770},[30,14581,14582,14586,14590,14594,14601,14607],{},[33,14583,14584],{},[192,14585,10882],{"href":12670},[33,14587,14588],{},[192,14589,8791],{"href":12667},[33,14591,14592],{},[192,14593,13436],{"href":13435},[33,14595,14596],{},[192,14597,10375,14598,10379],{"href":13678},[17,14599,14600],{},"update()",[33,14602,14603],{},[192,14604,10375,14605,10379],{"href":12467},[17,14606,10961],{},[33,14608,14609],{},[192,14610,14611],{"href":14533},"How to copy a list in Python",[1802,14613,14614],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":14616},[14617,14618,14620,14621,14622,14623,14625,14631,14632,14633,14642],{"id":1869,"depth":106,"text":1870},{"id":12639,"depth":106,"text":14619},"What the copy() method does",{"id":2023,"depth":106,"text":2024},{"id":11115,"depth":106,"text":11116},{"id":13078,"depth":106,"text":13079},{"id":13439,"depth":106,"text":14624},"When to use copy()",{"id":13688,"depth":106,"text":14626,"children":14627},"copy() vs assignment",[14628,14629],{"id":13705,"depth":300,"text":13706},{"id":13913,"depth":300,"text":14630},"Using copy()",{"id":14144,"depth":106,"text":14145},{"id":2697,"depth":106,"text":2698},{"id":1650,"depth":106,"text":1651,"children":14634},[14635,14637,14639,14641],{"id":14539,"depth":300,"text":14636},"Does dict.copy() change the original dictionary?",{"id":14548,"depth":300,"text":14638},"Is dict.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":14558,"depth":300,"text":14640},"What is the difference between copy() and =?",{"id":14573,"depth":300,"text":14574},{"id":1770,"depth":106,"text":1771},"Master python dictionary copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method",{"title":12473,"description":14643},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method","b4gPFp73mvuYzt0UIHo5udng8ybOHeuBHmfXr7S8Gq0",{"id":14650,"title":14651,"body":14652,"description":16851,"extension":1828,"meta":16852,"navigation":833,"path":12670,"seo":16853,"stem":16854,"__hash__":16855},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary.md","Python Dictionary: Creating a Dictionary",{"type":7,"value":14653,"toc":16813},[14654,14657,14663,14672,14674,14750,14754,14803,14806,14810,14824,14827,14831,14844,14847,14880,14894,14897,14909,14913,14916,14924,15004,15008,15061,15065,15083,15085,15167,15170,15172,15175,15178,15201,15225,15229,15237,15240,15244,15253,15258,15316,15320,15353,15359,15365,15368,15423,15427,15477,15480,15486,15489,15497,15499,15544,15549,15558,15561,15564,15611,15613,15618,15621,15715,15719,15772,15775,15831,15834,15838,15841,15855,15859,15925,15929,15954,15957,15961,16039,16043,16046,16049,16069,16072,16125,16129,16132,16135,16148,16150,16239,16246,16249,16260,16262,16265,16285,16289,16292,16301,16304,16343,16347,16349,16358,16367,16369,16407,16411,16458,16462,16483,16487,16490,16602,16607,16705,16727,16729,16733,16740,16744,16750,16754,16757,16761,16764,16771,16779,16781,16807,16810],[10,14655,14651],{"id":14656},"python-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[14,14658,14659,14660,14662],{},"A dictionary in Python stores data as ",[22,14661,8767],{},". This page shows the main ways to create a dictionary, the basic syntax, and a few common beginner mistakes to avoid.",[14,14664,14665,14666,54,14668,25],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, you may also want to read ",[192,14667,8791],{"href":8790},[192,14669,14671],{"href":14670},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","what is a dictionary in Python",[141,14673,1870],{"id":1869},[60,14675,14677],{"className":62,"code":14676,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"is_active\": True\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[17,14678,14679,14687,14705,14719,14732,14736,14740],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,14680,14681,14683,14685],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,14682,12507],{"class":75},[69,14684,80],{"class":79},[69,14686,11134],{"class":83},[69,14688,14689,14691,14693,14695,14697,14699,14701,14703],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,14690,11139],{"class":94},[69,14692,7297],{"class":336},[69,14694,333],{"class":94},[69,14696,1044],{"class":83},[69,14698,964],{"class":94},[69,14700,12524],{"class":336},[69,14702,333],{"class":94},[69,14704,11155],{"class":83},[69,14706,14707,14709,14711,14713,14715,14717],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,14708,11139],{"class":94},[69,14710,8935],{"class":336},[69,14712,333],{"class":94},[69,14714,1044],{"class":83},[69,14716,7420],{"class":87},[69,14718,11155],{"class":83},[69,14720,14721,14723,14726,14728,14730],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,14722,11139],{"class":94},[69,14724,14725],{"class":336},"is_active",[69,14727,333],{"class":94},[69,14729,1044],{"class":83},[69,14731,1266],{"class":289},[69,14733,14734],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,14735,8945],{"class":83},[69,14737,14738],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,14739,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,14741,14742,14744,14746,14748],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,14743,110],{"class":109},[69,14745,113],{"class":83},[69,14747,13271],{"class":121},[69,14749,221],{"class":83},[14,14751,14752],{},[22,14753,643],{},[60,14755,14757],{"className":62,"code":14756,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'is_active': True}\n",[17,14758,14759],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,14760,14761,14763,14765,14767,14769,14771,14773,14775,14777,14779,14781,14783,14785,14787,14789,14791,14793,14795,14797,14799,14801],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,14762,8914],{"class":83},[69,14764,488],{"class":94},[69,14766,7297],{"class":336},[69,14768,488],{"class":94},[69,14770,1044],{"class":83},[69,14772,3161],{"class":94},[69,14774,12524],{"class":336},[69,14776,488],{"class":94},[69,14778,91],{"class":83},[69,14780,3161],{"class":94},[69,14782,8935],{"class":336},[69,14784,488],{"class":94},[69,14786,1044],{"class":83},[69,14788,7420],{"class":87},[69,14790,91],{"class":83},[69,14792,3161],{"class":94},[69,14794,14725],{"class":336},[69,14796,488],{"class":94},[69,14798,1044],{"class":83},[69,14800,1461],{"class":289},[69,14802,8945],{"class":83},[14,14804,14805],{},"Use curly braces with key-value pairs separated by commas. Keys and values are joined with a colon.",[141,14807,14809],{"id":14808},"what-this-page-covers","What this page covers",[30,14811,14812,14815,14818,14821],{},[33,14813,14814],{},"What a dictionary is",[33,14816,14817],{},"The basic syntax for creating one",[33,14819,14820],{},"Common ways to make a dictionary",[33,14822,14823],{},"Beginner mistakes to avoid",[141,14825,14814],{"id":14826},"what-a-dictionary-is",[14,14828,8764,14829,25],{},[22,14830,8767],{},[30,14832,14833,14839],{},[33,14834,14835,14836,14838],{},"A ",[22,14837,14487],{}," is the label",[33,14840,14835,14841,14843],{},[22,14842,2339],{}," is the data connected to that label",[14,14845,14846],{},"For example, in this dictionary:",[60,14848,14850],{"className":62,"code":14849,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\"\n}\n",[17,14851,14852,14860,14876],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,14853,14854,14856,14858],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,14855,12507],{"class":75},[69,14857,80],{"class":79},[69,14859,11134],{"class":83},[69,14861,14862,14864,14866,14868,14870,14872,14874],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,14863,11139],{"class":94},[69,14865,7297],{"class":336},[69,14867,333],{"class":94},[69,14869,1044],{"class":83},[69,14871,964],{"class":94},[69,14873,12524],{"class":336},[69,14875,3224],{"class":94},[69,14877,14878],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,14879,8945],{"class":83},[30,14881,14882,14888],{},[33,14883,14884,14887],{},[17,14885,14886],{},"\"name\""," is the key",[33,14889,14890,14893],{},[17,14891,14892],{},"\"Ana\""," is the value",[14,14895,14896],{},"Dictionaries are useful when your data has labels, such as:",[30,14898,14899,14901,14903,14906],{},[33,14900,7297],{},[33,14902,8935],{},[33,14904,14905],{},"email",[33,14907,14908],{},"country",[141,14910,14912],{"id":14911},"create-a-dictionary-with-curly-braces","Create a dictionary with curly braces",[14,14914,14915],{},"This is the most common way to create a dictionary.",[14,14917,132,14918,14920,14921,25],{},[17,14919,439],{}," and write each item as ",[17,14922,14923],{},"key: value",[60,14925,14927],{"className":62,"code":14926,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"course\": \"Python\"\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[17,14928,14929,14937,14955,14969,14986,14990,14994],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,14930,14931,14933,14935],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,14932,12507],{"class":75},[69,14934,80],{"class":79},[69,14936,11134],{"class":83},[69,14938,14939,14941,14943,14945,14947,14949,14951,14953],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,14940,11139],{"class":94},[69,14942,7297],{"class":336},[69,14944,333],{"class":94},[69,14946,1044],{"class":83},[69,14948,964],{"class":94},[69,14950,12524],{"class":336},[69,14952,333],{"class":94},[69,14954,11155],{"class":83},[69,14956,14957,14959,14961,14963,14965,14967],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,14958,11139],{"class":94},[69,14960,8935],{"class":336},[69,14962,333],{"class":94},[69,14964,1044],{"class":83},[69,14966,7420],{"class":87},[69,14968,11155],{"class":83},[69,14970,14971,14973,14976,14978,14980,14982,14984],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,14972,11139],{"class":94},[69,14974,14975],{"class":336},"course",[69,14977,333],{"class":94},[69,14979,1044],{"class":83},[69,14981,964],{"class":94},[69,14983,6925],{"class":336},[69,14985,3224],{"class":94},[69,14987,14988],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,14989,8945],{"class":83},[69,14991,14992],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,14993,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,14995,14996,14998,15000,15002],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,14997,110],{"class":109},[69,14999,113],{"class":83},[69,15001,13271],{"class":121},[69,15003,221],{"class":83},[14,15005,15006],{},[22,15007,643],{},[60,15009,15011],{"className":62,"code":15010,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'course': 'Python'}\n",[17,15012,15013],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,15014,15015,15017,15019,15021,15023,15025,15027,15029,15031,15033,15035,15037,15039,15041,15043,15045,15047,15049,15051,15053,15055,15057,15059],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,15016,8914],{"class":83},[69,15018,488],{"class":94},[69,15020,7297],{"class":336},[69,15022,488],{"class":94},[69,15024,1044],{"class":83},[69,15026,3161],{"class":94},[69,15028,12524],{"class":336},[69,15030,488],{"class":94},[69,15032,91],{"class":83},[69,15034,3161],{"class":94},[69,15036,8935],{"class":336},[69,15038,488],{"class":94},[69,15040,1044],{"class":83},[69,15042,7420],{"class":87},[69,15044,91],{"class":83},[69,15046,3161],{"class":94},[69,15048,14975],{"class":336},[69,15050,488],{"class":94},[69,15052,1044],{"class":83},[69,15054,3161],{"class":94},[69,15056,6925],{"class":336},[69,15058,488],{"class":94},[69,15060,8945],{"class":83},[1369,15062,15064],{"id":15063},"syntax-rules","Syntax rules",[30,15066,15067,15072,15077,15080],{},[33,15068,132,15069,15071],{},[17,15070,439],{}," to start and end the dictionary",[33,15073,15074,15075],{},"Write each item as ",[17,15076,14923],{},[33,15078,15079],{},"Separate items with commas",[33,15081,15082],{},"String keys are usually written in quotes",[14,15084,2076],{},[60,15086,15088],{"className":62,"code":15087,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"book = {\n    \"title\": \"Python Basics\",\n    \"pages\": 150,\n    \"available\": True\n}\n\nprint(book)\n",[17,15089,15090,15099,15119,15135,15148,15152,15156],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,15091,15092,15095,15097],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,15093,15094],{"class":75},"book ",[69,15096,80],{"class":79},[69,15098,11134],{"class":83},[69,15100,15101,15103,15106,15108,15110,15112,15115,15117],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,15102,11139],{"class":94},[69,15104,15105],{"class":336},"title",[69,15107,333],{"class":94},[69,15109,1044],{"class":83},[69,15111,964],{"class":94},[69,15113,15114],{"class":336},"Python Basics",[69,15116,333],{"class":94},[69,15118,11155],{"class":83},[69,15120,15121,15123,15126,15128,15130,15133],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,15122,11139],{"class":94},[69,15124,15125],{"class":336},"pages",[69,15127,333],{"class":94},[69,15129,1044],{"class":83},[69,15131,15132],{"class":87}," 150",[69,15134,11155],{"class":83},[69,15136,15137,15139,15142,15144,15146],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,15138,11139],{"class":94},[69,15140,15141],{"class":336},"available",[69,15143,333],{"class":94},[69,15145,1044],{"class":83},[69,15147,1266],{"class":289},[69,15149,15150],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,15151,8945],{"class":83},[69,15153,15154],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,15155,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,15157,15158,15160,15162,15165],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,15159,110],{"class":109},[69,15161,113],{"class":83},[69,15163,15164],{"class":121},"book",[69,15166,221],{"class":83},[14,15168,15169],{},"This style is best when you already know the keys and values you want to add.",[141,15171,9039],{"id":9038},[14,15173,15174],{},"Sometimes you want to start with an empty dictionary and add items later.",[14,15176,15177],{},"You can create an empty dictionary in two ways:",[60,15179,15181],{"className":62,"code":15180,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = {}\nprint(data)\n",[17,15182,15183,15191],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,15184,15185,15187,15189],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,15186,8801],{"class":75},[69,15188,80],{"class":79},[69,15190,9475],{"class":83},[69,15192,15193,15195,15197,15199],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,15194,110],{"class":109},[69,15196,113],{"class":83},[69,15198,8840],{"class":121},[69,15200,221],{"class":83},[60,15202,15203],{"className":62,"code":9042,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,15204,15205,15215],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,15206,15207,15209,15211,15213],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,15208,8801],{"class":75},[69,15210,80],{"class":79},[69,15212,8806],{"class":1126},[69,15214,8277],{"class":83},[69,15216,15217,15219,15221,15223],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,15218,110],{"class":109},[69,15220,113],{"class":83},[69,15222,8840],{"class":121},[69,15224,221],{"class":83},[14,15226,15227],{},[22,15228,643],{},[60,15230,15231],{"className":62,"code":9071,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,15232,15233],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,15234,15235],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,15236,9071],{"class":83},[14,15238,15239],{},"Both are correct.",[1369,15241,15243],{"id":15242},"important-beginner-note","Important beginner note",[14,15245,15246,15248,15249,15252],{},[17,15247,439],{}," creates an empty ",[22,15250,15251],{},"dictionary",", not an empty set.",[14,15254,15255,15256,25],{},"If you want an empty set, you must use ",[17,15257,444],{},[60,15259,15261],{"className":62,"code":15260,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_dict = {}\nmy_set = set()\n\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(type(my_set))\n",[17,15262,15263,15271,15283,15287,15301],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,15264,15265,15267,15269],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,15266,11366],{"class":75},[69,15268,80],{"class":79},[69,15270,9475],{"class":83},[69,15272,15273,15276,15278,15281],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,15274,15275],{"class":75},"my_set ",[69,15277,80],{"class":79},[69,15279,15280],{"class":1126}," set",[69,15282,8277],{"class":83},[69,15284,15285],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,15286,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,15288,15289,15291,15293,15295,15297,15299],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,15290,110],{"class":109},[69,15292,113],{"class":83},[69,15294,3087],{"class":1126},[69,15296,113],{"class":83},[69,15298,11090],{"class":121},[69,15300,342],{"class":83},[69,15302,15303,15305,15307,15309,15311,15314],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,15304,110],{"class":109},[69,15306,113],{"class":83},[69,15308,3087],{"class":1126},[69,15310,113],{"class":83},[69,15312,15313],{"class":121},"my_set",[69,15315,342],{"class":83},[14,15317,15318],{},[22,15319,643],{},[60,15321,15323],{"className":62,"code":15322,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[17,15324,15325,15339],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,15326,15327,15329,15331,15333,15335,15337],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,15328,852],{"class":79},[69,15330,3158],{"class":1932},[69,15332,3161],{"class":94},[69,15334,8456],{"class":336},[69,15336,488],{"class":94},[69,15338,3168],{"class":79},[69,15340,15341,15343,15345,15347,15349,15351],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,15342,852],{"class":79},[69,15344,3158],{"class":1932},[69,15346,3161],{"class":94},[69,15348,1127],{"class":336},[69,15350,488],{"class":94},[69,15352,3168],{"class":79},[141,15354,15356,15357],{"id":15355},"create-a-dictionary-with-dict","Create a dictionary with ",[17,15358,8755],{},[14,15360,15361,15362,15364],{},"You can also use ",[17,15363,8755],{}," to create a dictionary.",[14,15366,15367],{},"One simple way is with keyword arguments:",[60,15369,15371],{"className":62,"code":15370,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"student = dict(name=\"Ana\", age=20, active=True)\nprint(student)\n",[17,15372,15373,15413],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,15374,15375,15377,15379,15381,15383,15385,15387,15389,15391,15393,15395,15397,15399,15402,15404,15407,15409,15411],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,15376,12507],{"class":75},[69,15378,80],{"class":79},[69,15380,8806],{"class":1126},[69,15382,113],{"class":83},[69,15384,7297],{"class":8811},[69,15386,80],{"class":79},[69,15388,333],{"class":94},[69,15390,12524],{"class":336},[69,15392,333],{"class":94},[69,15394,91],{"class":83},[69,15396,8824],{"class":8811},[69,15398,80],{"class":79},[69,15400,15401],{"class":87},"20",[69,15403,91],{"class":83},[69,15405,15406],{"class":8811}," active",[69,15408,80],{"class":79},[69,15410,53],{"class":289},[69,15412,221],{"class":83},[69,15414,15415,15417,15419,15421],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,15416,110],{"class":109},[69,15418,113],{"class":83},[69,15420,13271],{"class":121},[69,15422,221],{"class":83},[14,15424,15425],{},[22,15426,643],{},[60,15428,15430],{"className":62,"code":15429,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'active': True}\n",[17,15431,15432],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,15433,15434,15436,15438,15440,15442,15444,15446,15448,15450,15452,15454,15456,15458,15460,15462,15464,15466,15469,15471,15473,15475],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,15435,8914],{"class":83},[69,15437,488],{"class":94},[69,15439,7297],{"class":336},[69,15441,488],{"class":94},[69,15443,1044],{"class":83},[69,15445,3161],{"class":94},[69,15447,12524],{"class":336},[69,15449,488],{"class":94},[69,15451,91],{"class":83},[69,15453,3161],{"class":94},[69,15455,8935],{"class":336},[69,15457,488],{"class":94},[69,15459,1044],{"class":83},[69,15461,7420],{"class":87},[69,15463,91],{"class":83},[69,15465,3161],{"class":94},[69,15467,15468],{"class":336},"active",[69,15470,488],{"class":94},[69,15472,1044],{"class":83},[69,15474,1461],{"class":289},[69,15476,8945],{"class":83},[14,15478,15479],{},"This can be easy to read for small dictionaries.",[1369,15481,15483,15484],{"id":15482},"important-rule-for-dict","Important rule for ",[17,15485,8755],{},[14,15487,15488],{},"When using keyword arguments:",[30,15490,15491,15494],{},[33,15492,15493],{},"keys must be valid Python names",[33,15495,15496],{},"you do not put quotes around the keys",[14,15498,1538],{},[60,15500,15502],{"className":62,"code":15501,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"user = dict(name=\"Sam\", age=25)\nprint(user)\n",[17,15503,15504,15534],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,15505,15506,15508,15510,15512,15514,15516,15518,15520,15522,15524,15526,15528,15530,15532],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,15507,11129],{"class":75},[69,15509,80],{"class":79},[69,15511,8806],{"class":1126},[69,15513,113],{"class":83},[69,15515,7297],{"class":8811},[69,15517,80],{"class":79},[69,15519,333],{"class":94},[69,15521,7306],{"class":336},[69,15523,333],{"class":94},[69,15525,91],{"class":83},[69,15527,8824],{"class":8811},[69,15529,80],{"class":79},[69,15531,8829],{"class":87},[69,15533,221],{"class":83},[69,15535,15536,15538,15540,15542],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,15537,110],{"class":109},[69,15539,113],{"class":83},[69,15541,11223],{"class":121},[69,15543,221],{"class":83},[14,15545,4454,15546,15548],{},[22,15547,4457],{}," work as keyword syntax:",[60,15550,15552],{"className":62,"code":15551,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"# dict(first-name=\"Sam\")\n",[17,15553,15554],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,15555,15556],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,15557,15551],{"class":128},[14,15559,15560],{},"That key is not a valid Python name because it contains a hyphen.",[14,15562,15563],{},"If your keys are not valid Python names, use curly braces instead:",[60,15565,15567],{"className":62,"code":15566,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"user = {\n    \"first-name\": \"Sam\"\n}\n\nprint(user)\n",[17,15568,15569,15577,15593,15597,15601],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,15570,15571,15573,15575],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,15572,11129],{"class":75},[69,15574,80],{"class":79},[69,15576,11134],{"class":83},[69,15578,15579,15581,15583,15585,15587,15589,15591],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,15580,11139],{"class":94},[69,15582,10133],{"class":336},[69,15584,333],{"class":94},[69,15586,1044],{"class":83},[69,15588,964],{"class":94},[69,15590,7306],{"class":336},[69,15592,3224],{"class":94},[69,15594,15595],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,15596,8945],{"class":83},[69,15598,15599],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,15600,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,15602,15603,15605,15607,15609],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,15604,110],{"class":109},[69,15606,113],{"class":83},[69,15608,11223],{"class":121},[69,15610,221],{"class":83},[141,15612,9081],{"id":9080},[14,15614,15615,15617],{},[17,15616,8755],{}," can also build a dictionary from key-value pairs.",[14,15619,15620],{},"This is useful when your data already exists as pairs, such as a list of tuples.",[60,15622,15624],{"className":62,"code":15623,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"pairs = [(\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20), (\"city\", \"Lima\")]\n\nstudent = dict(pairs)\n\nprint(student)\n",[17,15625,15626,15683,15687,15701,15705],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,15627,15628,15630,15632,15634,15636,15638,15640,15642,15644,15646,15648,15650,15652,15654,15656,15658,15660,15662,15664,15666,15668,15670,15672,15674,15676,15679,15681],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,15629,8851],{"class":75},[69,15631,80],{"class":79},[69,15633,8856],{"class":83},[69,15635,333],{"class":94},[69,15637,7297],{"class":336},[69,15639,333],{"class":94},[69,15641,91],{"class":83},[69,15643,964],{"class":94},[69,15645,12524],{"class":336},[69,15647,333],{"class":94},[69,15649,8869],{"class":83},[69,15651,8872],{"class":83},[69,15653,333],{"class":94},[69,15655,8935],{"class":336},[69,15657,333],{"class":94},[69,15659,91],{"class":83},[69,15661,7420],{"class":87},[69,15663,8869],{"class":83},[69,15665,8872],{"class":83},[69,15667,333],{"class":94},[69,15669,10046],{"class":336},[69,15671,333],{"class":94},[69,15673,91],{"class":83},[69,15675,964],{"class":94},[69,15677,15678],{"class":336},"Lima",[69,15680,333],{"class":94},[69,15682,8885],{"class":83},[69,15684,15685],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,15686,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,15688,15689,15691,15693,15695,15697,15699],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,15690,12507],{"class":75},[69,15692,80],{"class":79},[69,15694,8806],{"class":1126},[69,15696,113],{"class":83},[69,15698,8898],{"class":121},[69,15700,221],{"class":83},[69,15702,15703],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,15704,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,15706,15707,15709,15711,15713],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,15708,110],{"class":109},[69,15710,113],{"class":83},[69,15712,13271],{"class":121},[69,15714,221],{"class":83},[14,15716,15717],{},[22,15718,643],{},[60,15720,15722],{"className":62,"code":15721,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[17,15723,15724],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,15725,15726,15728,15730,15732,15734,15736,15738,15740,15742,15744,15746,15748,15750,15752,15754,15756,15758,15760,15762,15764,15766,15768,15770],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,15727,8914],{"class":83},[69,15729,488],{"class":94},[69,15731,7297],{"class":336},[69,15733,488],{"class":94},[69,15735,1044],{"class":83},[69,15737,3161],{"class":94},[69,15739,12524],{"class":336},[69,15741,488],{"class":94},[69,15743,91],{"class":83},[69,15745,3161],{"class":94},[69,15747,8935],{"class":336},[69,15749,488],{"class":94},[69,15751,1044],{"class":83},[69,15753,7420],{"class":87},[69,15755,91],{"class":83},[69,15757,3161],{"class":94},[69,15759,10046],{"class":336},[69,15761,488],{"class":94},[69,15763,1044],{"class":83},[69,15765,3161],{"class":94},[69,15767,15678],{"class":336},[69,15769,488],{"class":94},[69,15771,8945],{"class":83},[14,15773,15774],{},"You can also use tuples directly:",[60,15776,15778],{"className":62,"code":15777,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"student = dict(((\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20)))\nprint(student)\n",[17,15779,15780,15821],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,15781,15782,15784,15786,15788,15791,15793,15795,15797,15799,15801,15803,15805,15807,15809,15811,15813,15815,15817,15819],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,15783,12507],{"class":75},[69,15785,80],{"class":79},[69,15787,8806],{"class":1126},[69,15789,15790],{"class":83},"(((",[69,15792,333],{"class":94},[69,15794,7297],{"class":336},[69,15796,333],{"class":94},[69,15798,91],{"class":83},[69,15800,964],{"class":94},[69,15802,12524],{"class":336},[69,15804,333],{"class":94},[69,15806,8869],{"class":83},[69,15808,8872],{"class":83},[69,15810,333],{"class":94},[69,15812,8935],{"class":336},[69,15814,333],{"class":94},[69,15816,91],{"class":83},[69,15818,7420],{"class":87},[69,15820,297],{"class":83},[69,15822,15823,15825,15827,15829],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,15824,110],{"class":109},[69,15826,113],{"class":83},[69,15828,13271],{"class":121},[69,15830,221],{"class":83},[14,15832,15833],{},"This approach is helpful when you receive data in pair form and want to turn it into a dictionary.",[141,15835,15837],{"id":15836},"rules-beginners-should-know","Rules beginners should know",[14,15839,15840],{},"Here are a few important dictionary rules:",[30,15842,15843,15846,15849,15852],{},[33,15844,15845],{},"Keys must be unique",[33,15847,15848],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value replaces earlier ones",[33,15850,15851],{},"Values can repeat",[33,15853,15854],{},"Keys are often strings, but other immutable types can also be keys",[1369,15856,15858],{"id":15857},"duplicate-key-example","Duplicate key example",[60,15860,15862],{"className":62,"code":15861,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"name\": \"Maria\"\n}\n\nprint(data)\n",[17,15863,15864,15872,15890,15907,15911,15915],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,15865,15866,15868,15870],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,15867,8801],{"class":75},[69,15869,80],{"class":79},[69,15871,11134],{"class":83},[69,15873,15874,15876,15878,15880,15882,15884,15886,15888],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,15875,11139],{"class":94},[69,15877,7297],{"class":336},[69,15879,333],{"class":94},[69,15881,1044],{"class":83},[69,15883,964],{"class":94},[69,15885,12524],{"class":336},[69,15887,333],{"class":94},[69,15889,11155],{"class":83},[69,15891,15892,15894,15896,15898,15900,15902,15905],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,15893,11139],{"class":94},[69,15895,7297],{"class":336},[69,15897,333],{"class":94},[69,15899,1044],{"class":83},[69,15901,964],{"class":94},[69,15903,15904],{"class":336},"Maria",[69,15906,3224],{"class":94},[69,15908,15909],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,15910,8945],{"class":83},[69,15912,15913],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,15914,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,15916,15917,15919,15921,15923],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,15918,110],{"class":109},[69,15920,113],{"class":83},[69,15922,8840],{"class":121},[69,15924,221],{"class":83},[14,15926,15927],{},[22,15928,643],{},[60,15930,15932],{"className":62,"code":15931,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'name': 'Maria'}\n",[17,15933,15934],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,15935,15936,15938,15940,15942,15944,15946,15948,15950,15952],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,15937,8914],{"class":83},[69,15939,488],{"class":94},[69,15941,7297],{"class":336},[69,15943,488],{"class":94},[69,15945,1044],{"class":83},[69,15947,3161],{"class":94},[69,15949,15904],{"class":336},[69,15951,488],{"class":94},[69,15953,8945],{"class":83},[14,15955,15956],{},"Only the last value is kept.",[1369,15958,15960],{"id":15959},"keys-can-be-numbers-too","Keys can be numbers too",[60,15962,15964],{"className":62,"code":15963,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"scores = {\n    1: \"low\",\n    2: \"medium\",\n    3: \"high\"\n}\n\nprint(scores)\n",[17,15965,15966,15974,15990,16006,16020,16024,16028],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,15967,15968,15970,15972],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,15969,4891],{"class":75},[69,15971,80],{"class":79},[69,15973,11134],{"class":83},[69,15975,15976,15979,15981,15983,15986,15988],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,15977,15978],{"class":87},"    1",[69,15980,1044],{"class":83},[69,15982,964],{"class":94},[69,15984,15985],{"class":336},"low",[69,15987,333],{"class":94},[69,15989,11155],{"class":83},[69,15991,15992,15995,15997,15999,16002,16004],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,15993,15994],{"class":87},"    2",[69,15996,1044],{"class":83},[69,15998,964],{"class":94},[69,16000,16001],{"class":336},"medium",[69,16003,333],{"class":94},[69,16005,11155],{"class":83},[69,16007,16008,16011,16013,16015,16018],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,16009,16010],{"class":87},"    3",[69,16012,1044],{"class":83},[69,16014,964],{"class":94},[69,16016,16017],{"class":336},"high",[69,16019,3224],{"class":94},[69,16021,16022],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,16023,8945],{"class":83},[69,16025,16026],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,16027,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,16029,16030,16032,16034,16037],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,16031,110],{"class":109},[69,16033,113],{"class":83},[69,16035,16036],{"class":121},"scores",[69,16038,221],{"class":83},[1369,16040,16042],{"id":16041},"mutable-types-cannot-be-keys","Mutable types cannot be keys",[14,16044,16045],{},"A list cannot be a dictionary key because lists are mutable.",[14,16047,16048],{},"This will cause an error:",[60,16050,16052],{"className":62,"code":16051,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"# bad = {\n#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n# }\n",[17,16053,16054,16059,16064],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,16055,16056],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,16057,16058],{"class":128},"# bad = {\n",[69,16060,16061],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,16062,16063],{"class":128},"#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n",[69,16065,16066],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,16067,16068],{"class":128},"# }\n",[14,16070,16071],{},"But a tuple can be used as a key because tuples are immutable:",[60,16073,16075],{"className":62,"code":16074,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"good = {\n    (1, 2): \"numbers\"\n}\n\nprint(good)\n",[17,16076,16077,16086,16106,16110,16114],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,16078,16079,16082,16084],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,16080,16081],{"class":75},"good ",[69,16083,80],{"class":79},[69,16085,11134],{"class":83},[69,16087,16088,16091,16093,16095,16097,16100,16102,16104],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,16089,16090],{"class":83},"    (",[69,16092,473],{"class":87},[69,16094,91],{"class":83},[69,16096,316],{"class":87},[69,16098,16099],{"class":83},"):",[69,16101,964],{"class":94},[69,16103,3512],{"class":336},[69,16105,3224],{"class":94},[69,16107,16108],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,16109,8945],{"class":83},[69,16111,16112],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,16113,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,16115,16116,16118,16120,16123],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,16117,110],{"class":109},[69,16119,113],{"class":83},[69,16121,16122],{"class":121},"good",[69,16124,221],{"class":83},[141,16126,16128],{"id":16127},"when-to-use-a-dictionary","When to use a dictionary",[14,16130,16131],{},"Use a dictionary when each value has a label.",[14,16133,16134],{},"Dictionaries are a good choice for:",[30,16136,16137,16140,16142,16145],{},[33,16138,16139],{},"user data",[33,16141,13530],{},[33,16143,16144],{},"counters",[33,16146,16147],{},"lookups",[14,16149,2076],{},[60,16151,16153],{"className":62,"code":16152,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"user = {\n    \"username\": \"ana123\",\n    \"email\": \"ana@example.com\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\nprint(user[\"email\"])\n",[17,16154,16155,16163,16182,16201,16213,16217,16221],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,16156,16157,16159,16161],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,16158,11129],{"class":75},[69,16160,80],{"class":79},[69,16162,11134],{"class":83},[69,16164,16165,16167,16169,16171,16173,16175,16178,16180],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,16166,11139],{"class":94},[69,16168,7616],{"class":336},[69,16170,333],{"class":94},[69,16172,1044],{"class":83},[69,16174,964],{"class":94},[69,16176,16177],{"class":336},"ana123",[69,16179,333],{"class":94},[69,16181,11155],{"class":83},[69,16183,16184,16186,16188,16190,16192,16194,16197,16199],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,16185,11139],{"class":94},[69,16187,14905],{"class":336},[69,16189,333],{"class":94},[69,16191,1044],{"class":83},[69,16193,964],{"class":94},[69,16195,16196],{"class":336},"ana@example.com",[69,16198,333],{"class":94},[69,16200,11155],{"class":83},[69,16202,16203,16205,16207,16209,16211],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,16204,11139],{"class":94},[69,16206,12157],{"class":336},[69,16208,333],{"class":94},[69,16210,1044],{"class":83},[69,16212,1266],{"class":289},[69,16214,16215],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,16216,8945],{"class":83},[69,16218,16219],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,16220,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,16222,16223,16225,16227,16229,16231,16233,16235,16237],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,16224,110],{"class":109},[69,16226,113],{"class":83},[69,16228,11223],{"class":121},[69,16230,3739],{"class":83},[69,16232,333],{"class":94},[69,16234,14905],{"class":336},[69,16236,333],{"class":94},[69,16238,3727],{"class":83},[14,16240,16241,16242,25],{},"If you want to learn how to read values from a dictionary, see ",[192,16243,16245],{"href":16244},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-access-values-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to access values in a dictionary in Python",[14,16247,16248],{},"A list is usually a better choice when:",[30,16250,16251,16254,16257],{},[33,16252,16253],{},"labels are not needed",[33,16255,16256],{},"you mostly care about position",[33,16258,16259],{},"order matters more than named fields",[141,16261,2698],{"id":2697},[14,16263,16264],{},"Beginners often make these mistakes when creating dictionaries:",[30,16266,16267,16270,16273,16276,16279],{},[33,16268,16269],{},"Using commas instead of colons between keys and values",[33,16271,16272],{},"Forgetting quotes around string keys when needed",[33,16274,16275],{},"Repeating the same key and expecting both values to stay",[33,16277,16278],{},"Using a mutable type like a list as a dictionary key",[33,16280,16281,16282,16284],{},"Mixing up ",[17,16283,439],{}," for dictionaries and sets",[1369,16286,16288],{"id":16287},"mistake-using-a-comma-instead-of-a-colon","Mistake: using a comma instead of a colon",[14,16290,16291],{},"Wrong:",[60,16293,16295],{"className":62,"code":16294,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"# student = {\"name\", \"Ana\"}\n",[17,16296,16297],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,16298,16299],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,16300,16294],{"class":128},[14,16302,16303],{},"Correct:",[60,16305,16307],{"className":62,"code":16306,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student)\n",[17,16308,16309,16333],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,16310,16311,16313,16315,16317,16319,16321,16323,16325,16327,16329,16331],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,16312,12507],{"class":75},[69,16314,80],{"class":79},[69,16316,10128],{"class":83},[69,16318,333],{"class":94},[69,16320,7297],{"class":336},[69,16322,333],{"class":94},[69,16324,1044],{"class":83},[69,16326,964],{"class":94},[69,16328,12524],{"class":336},[69,16330,333],{"class":94},[69,16332,8945],{"class":83},[69,16334,16335,16337,16339,16341],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,16336,110],{"class":109},[69,16338,113],{"class":83},[69,16340,13271],{"class":121},[69,16342,221],{"class":83},[1369,16344,16346],{"id":16345},"mistake-forgetting-quotes-around-a-string-key","Mistake: forgetting quotes around a string key",[14,16348,16291],{},[60,16350,16352],{"className":62,"code":16351,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"# student = {name: \"Ana\"}\n",[17,16353,16354],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,16355,16356],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,16357,16351],{"class":128},[14,16359,16360,16361,16363,16364,16366],{},"This only works if ",[17,16362,7297],{}," is already a variable. If you want the key to be the text ",[17,16365,14886],{},", use quotes.",[14,16368,16303],{},[60,16370,16371],{"className":62,"code":16306,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,16372,16373,16397],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,16374,16375,16377,16379,16381,16383,16385,16387,16389,16391,16393,16395],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,16376,12507],{"class":75},[69,16378,80],{"class":79},[69,16380,10128],{"class":83},[69,16382,333],{"class":94},[69,16384,7297],{"class":336},[69,16386,333],{"class":94},[69,16388,1044],{"class":83},[69,16390,964],{"class":94},[69,16392,12524],{"class":336},[69,16394,333],{"class":94},[69,16396,8945],{"class":83},[69,16398,16399,16401,16403,16405],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,16400,110],{"class":109},[69,16402,113],{"class":83},[69,16404,13271],{"class":121},[69,16406,221],{"class":83},[1369,16408,16410],{"id":16409},"mistake-expecting-duplicate-keys-to-stay","Mistake: expecting duplicate keys to stay",[60,16412,16414],{"className":62,"code":16413,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = {\"age\": 20, \"age\": 30}\nprint(data)\n",[17,16415,16416,16448],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,16417,16418,16420,16422,16424,16426,16428,16430,16432,16434,16436,16438,16440,16442,16444,16446],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,16419,8801],{"class":75},[69,16421,80],{"class":79},[69,16423,10128],{"class":83},[69,16425,333],{"class":94},[69,16427,8935],{"class":336},[69,16429,333],{"class":94},[69,16431,1044],{"class":83},[69,16433,7420],{"class":87},[69,16435,91],{"class":83},[69,16437,964],{"class":94},[69,16439,8935],{"class":336},[69,16441,333],{"class":94},[69,16443,1044],{"class":83},[69,16445,7425],{"class":87},[69,16447,8945],{"class":83},[69,16449,16450,16452,16454,16456],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,16451,110],{"class":109},[69,16453,113],{"class":83},[69,16455,8840],{"class":121},[69,16457,221],{"class":83},[14,16459,16460],{},[22,16461,643],{},[60,16463,16465],{"className":62,"code":16464,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'age': 30}\n",[17,16466,16467],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,16468,16469,16471,16473,16475,16477,16479,16481],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,16470,8914],{"class":83},[69,16472,488],{"class":94},[69,16474,8935],{"class":336},[69,16476,488],{"class":94},[69,16478,1044],{"class":83},[69,16480,7425],{"class":87},[69,16482,8945],{"class":83},[141,16484,16486],{"id":16485},"helpful-checks-while-learning","Helpful checks while learning",[14,16488,16489],{},"These quick commands can help you inspect a dictionary:",[60,16491,16493],{"className":62,"code":16492,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(len(my_dict))\n",[17,16494,16495,16531,16535,16545,16559,16574,16588],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,16496,16497,16499,16501,16503,16505,16507,16509,16511,16513,16515,16517,16519,16521,16523,16525,16527,16529],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,16498,11366],{"class":75},[69,16500,80],{"class":79},[69,16502,10128],{"class":83},[69,16504,333],{"class":94},[69,16506,7297],{"class":336},[69,16508,333],{"class":94},[69,16510,1044],{"class":83},[69,16512,964],{"class":94},[69,16514,12524],{"class":336},[69,16516,333],{"class":94},[69,16518,91],{"class":83},[69,16520,964],{"class":94},[69,16522,8935],{"class":336},[69,16524,333],{"class":94},[69,16526,1044],{"class":83},[69,16528,7420],{"class":87},[69,16530,8945],{"class":83},[69,16532,16533],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,16534,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,16536,16537,16539,16541,16543],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,16538,110],{"class":109},[69,16540,113],{"class":83},[69,16542,11090],{"class":121},[69,16544,221],{"class":83},[69,16546,16547,16549,16551,16553,16555,16557],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,16548,110],{"class":109},[69,16550,113],{"class":83},[69,16552,3087],{"class":1126},[69,16554,113],{"class":83},[69,16556,11090],{"class":121},[69,16558,342],{"class":83},[69,16560,16561,16563,16565,16567,16569,16572],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,16562,110],{"class":109},[69,16564,113],{"class":83},[69,16566,11090],{"class":121},[69,16568,25],{"class":83},[69,16570,16571],{"class":121},"keys",[69,16573,6822],{"class":83},[69,16575,16576,16578,16580,16582,16584,16586],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,16577,110],{"class":109},[69,16579,113],{"class":83},[69,16581,11090],{"class":121},[69,16583,25],{"class":83},[69,16585,122],{"class":121},[69,16587,6822],{"class":83},[69,16589,16590,16592,16594,16596,16598,16600],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,16591,110],{"class":109},[69,16593,113],{"class":83},[69,16595,10801],{"class":109},[69,16597,113],{"class":83},[69,16599,11090],{"class":121},[69,16601,342],{"class":83},[14,16603,16604],{},[22,16605,16606],{},"Example output:",[60,16608,16610],{"className":62,"code":16609,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\ndict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\n2\n",[17,16611,16612,16644,16658,16681,16700],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,16613,16614,16616,16618,16620,16622,16624,16626,16628,16630,16632,16634,16636,16638,16640,16642],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,16615,8914],{"class":83},[69,16617,488],{"class":94},[69,16619,7297],{"class":336},[69,16621,488],{"class":94},[69,16623,1044],{"class":83},[69,16625,3161],{"class":94},[69,16627,12524],{"class":336},[69,16629,488],{"class":94},[69,16631,91],{"class":83},[69,16633,3161],{"class":94},[69,16635,8935],{"class":336},[69,16637,488],{"class":94},[69,16639,1044],{"class":83},[69,16641,7420],{"class":87},[69,16643,8945],{"class":83},[69,16645,16646,16648,16650,16652,16654,16656],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,16647,852],{"class":79},[69,16649,3158],{"class":1932},[69,16651,3161],{"class":94},[69,16653,8456],{"class":336},[69,16655,488],{"class":94},[69,16657,3168],{"class":79},[69,16659,16660,16663,16665,16667,16669,16671,16673,16675,16677,16679],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,16661,16662],{"class":121},"dict_keys",[69,16664,260],{"class":83},[69,16666,488],{"class":94},[69,16668,7297],{"class":336},[69,16670,488],{"class":94},[69,16672,91],{"class":83},[69,16674,3161],{"class":94},[69,16676,8935],{"class":336},[69,16678,488],{"class":94},[69,16680,3727],{"class":83},[69,16682,16683,16686,16688,16690,16692,16694,16696,16698],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,16684,16685],{"class":121},"dict_values",[69,16687,260],{"class":83},[69,16689,488],{"class":94},[69,16691,12524],{"class":336},[69,16693,488],{"class":94},[69,16695,91],{"class":83},[69,16697,7420],{"class":87},[69,16699,3727],{"class":83},[69,16701,16702],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,16703,16704],{"class":87},"2\n",[14,16706,16707,16708,2057,16714,16720,16721,25],{},"If you want to learn these methods in more detail, see ",[192,16709,10375,16711],{"href":16710},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method\u002F",[17,16712,16713],{},"keys()",[192,16715,10375,16717],{"href":16716},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method\u002F",[17,16718,16719],{},"values()",", and ",[192,16722,10375,16724],{"href":16723},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method\u002F",[17,16725,16726],{},"items()",[141,16728,1651],{"id":1650},[1369,16730,16732],{"id":16731},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-dictionary-in-python","How do I create an empty dictionary in Python?",[14,16734,132,16735,54,16737,16739],{},[17,16736,439],{},[17,16738,8755],{},". Both create an empty dictionary.",[1369,16741,16743],{"id":16742},"what-is-the-easiest-way-to-create-a-dictionary","What is the easiest way to create a dictionary?",[14,16745,16746,16747,25],{},"The easiest way is usually curly braces with key-value pairs, like ",[17,16748,16749],{},"{\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}",[1369,16751,16753],{"id":16752},"can-dictionary-keys-be-numbers","Can dictionary keys be numbers?",[14,16755,16756],{},"Yes. Keys can be numbers, strings, tuples, and other immutable types.",[1369,16758,16760],{"id":16759},"can-a-dictionary-have-duplicate-keys","Can a dictionary have duplicate keys?",[14,16762,16763],{},"A dictionary can be written with duplicate keys, but only the last value for that key is kept.",[1369,16765,5006,16767,587,16769,2359],{"id":16766},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-dict",[17,16768,439],{},[17,16770,8755],{},[14,16772,16773,16775,16776,16778],{},[17,16774,439],{}," is the most common literal syntax. ",[17,16777,8755],{}," is a constructor and is useful for empty dictionaries, keyword arguments, or key-value pair data.",[141,16780,1771],{"id":1770},[30,16782,16783,16787,16793,16797,16803],{},[33,16784,16785],{},[192,16786,8791],{"href":8790},[33,16788,16789],{},[192,16790,10375,16791,10379],{"href":10374},[17,16792,10378],{},[33,16794,16795],{},[192,16796,10891],{"href":10369},[33,16798,16799],{},[192,16800,16802],{"href":16801},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-key-exists-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[33,16804,16805],{},[192,16806,10902],{"href":10713},[14,16808,16809],{},"Next step: learn how to access, add, and safely read dictionary values.",[1802,16811,16812],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":16814},[16815,16816,16817,16818,16821,16824,16829,16830,16835,16836,16841,16842,16850],{"id":1869,"depth":106,"text":1870},{"id":14808,"depth":106,"text":14809},{"id":14826,"depth":106,"text":14814},{"id":14911,"depth":106,"text":14912,"children":16819},[16820],{"id":15063,"depth":300,"text":15064},{"id":9038,"depth":106,"text":9039,"children":16822},[16823],{"id":15242,"depth":300,"text":15243},{"id":15355,"depth":106,"text":16825,"children":16826},"Create a dictionary with dict()",[16827],{"id":15482,"depth":300,"text":16828},"Important rule for dict()",{"id":9080,"depth":106,"text":9081},{"id":15836,"depth":106,"text":15837,"children":16831},[16832,16833,16834],{"id":15857,"depth":300,"text":15858},{"id":15959,"depth":300,"text":15960},{"id":16041,"depth":300,"text":16042},{"id":16127,"depth":106,"text":16128},{"id":2697,"depth":106,"text":2698,"children":16837},[16838,16839,16840],{"id":16287,"depth":300,"text":16288},{"id":16345,"depth":300,"text":16346},{"id":16409,"depth":300,"text":16410},{"id":16485,"depth":106,"text":16486},{"id":1650,"depth":106,"text":1651,"children":16843},[16844,16845,16846,16847,16848],{"id":16731,"depth":300,"text":16732},{"id":16742,"depth":300,"text":16743},{"id":16752,"depth":300,"text":16753},{"id":16759,"depth":300,"text":16760},{"id":16766,"depth":300,"text":16849},"What is the difference between {} and dict()?",{"id":1770,"depth":106,"text":1771},"Master python dictionary creating a dictionary in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":14651,"description":16851},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary","O7TVqwZDB3TCnmmRLHQ65qMF8VSifRb5cK3N-83y3Fg",{"id":16857,"title":16858,"body":16859,"description":19310,"extension":1828,"meta":19311,"navigation":833,"path":19312,"seo":19313,"stem":19314,"__hash__":19315},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method.md","Python Dictionary fromkeys() Method",{"type":7,"value":16860,"toc":19266},[16861,16867,16873,16876,16879,16881,16963,16969,16974,16978,16996,17008,17013,17017,17040,17044,17056,17064,17068,17074,17076,17079,17154,17156,17201,17203,17220,17225,17231,17236,17310,17312,17357,17360,17371,17373,17492,17494,17547,17554,17558,17561,17578,17584,17588,17686,17688,17740,17747,17751,17757,17760,17763,17790,17795,17799,17802,17906,17908,17953,17956,17959,17964,17969,17980,17982,18043,18103,18109,18117,18123,18128,18133,18193,18197,18264,18267,18271,18342,18345,18358,18365,18367,18371,18375,18446,18448,18485,18488,18491,18554,18561,18564,18606,18616,18619,18688,18694,18699,18783,18785,18834,18841,18847,18892,18894,18927,18932,18936,18942,18981,19025,19093,19136,19138,19144,19147,19151,19156,19160,19163,19167,19169,19230,19232,19258,19263],[10,16862,10958,16864,10962],{"id":16863},"python-dictionary-fromkeys-method",[17,16865,16866],{},"fromkeys()",[14,16868,16869,16872],{},[17,16870,16871],{},"dict.fromkeys()"," creates a new dictionary from a group of keys.",[14,16874,16875],{},"It is useful when you already know the keys you want, and every key should start with the same value.",[14,16877,16878],{},"One important beginner mistake to watch for is using a mutable value like a list or dictionary. In that case, all keys share the same object.",[141,16880,1870],{"id":1869},[60,16882,16884],{"className":62,"code":16883,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nperson = dict.fromkeys(keys, \"unknown\")\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[17,16885,16886,16919,16947,16958],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,16887,16888,16891,16893,16895,16897,16899,16901,16903,16905,16907,16909,16911,16913,16915,16917],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,16889,16890],{"class":75},"keys ",[69,16892,80],{"class":79},[69,16894,84],{"class":83},[69,16896,333],{"class":94},[69,16898,7297],{"class":336},[69,16900,333],{"class":94},[69,16902,91],{"class":83},[69,16904,964],{"class":94},[69,16906,8935],{"class":336},[69,16908,333],{"class":94},[69,16910,91],{"class":83},[69,16912,964],{"class":94},[69,16914,10046],{"class":336},[69,16916,333],{"class":94},[69,16918,103],{"class":83},[69,16920,16921,16923,16925,16927,16929,16932,16934,16936,16938,16940,16943,16945],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,16922,12849],{"class":75},[69,16924,80],{"class":79},[69,16926,8806],{"class":1126},[69,16928,25],{"class":83},[69,16930,16931],{"class":121},"fromkeys",[69,16933,113],{"class":83},[69,16935,16571],{"class":121},[69,16937,91],{"class":83},[69,16939,964],{"class":94},[69,16941,16942],{"class":336},"unknown",[69,16944,333],{"class":94},[69,16946,221],{"class":83},[69,16948,16949,16951,16953,16956],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,16950,110],{"class":109},[69,16952,113],{"class":83},[69,16954,16955],{"class":121},"person",[69,16957,221],{"class":83},[69,16959,16960],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,16961,16962],{"class":128},"# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[14,16964,132,16965,16968],{},[17,16966,16967],{},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)"," to create a new dictionary where each key starts with the same value.",[141,16970,3540,16972,3543],{"id":16971},"what-dictfromkeys-does",[17,16973,16871],{},[14,16975,16976,1044],{},[17,16977,16871],{},[30,16979,16980,16983,16986,16989],{},[33,16981,16982],{},"Creates a new dictionary from a sequence of keys",[33,16984,16985],{},"Assigns the same value to every key",[33,16987,16988],{},"Returns a new dictionary",[33,16990,16991,16992,16995],{},"Is called as ",[17,16993,16994],{},"dict.fromkeys(...)",", not on an existing dictionary",[14,16997,16998,16999,17001,17002,17004,17005,25],{},"This is a class method on ",[17,17000,8456],{},", so you write ",[17,17003,16994],{}," instead of something like ",[17,17006,17007],{},"my_dict.fromkeys(...)",[14,17009,17010,17011,25],{},"If you need a refresher on dictionaries first, see ",[192,17012,8791],{"href":12667},[141,17014,17016],{"id":17015},"syntax-and-parameters","Syntax and parameters",[60,17018,17020],{"className":62,"code":17019,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)\n",[17,17021,17022],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,17023,17024,17026,17028,17030,17032,17034,17036,17038],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,17025,8456],{"class":1126},[69,17027,25],{"class":83},[69,17029,16931],{"class":121},[69,17031,113],{"class":83},[69,17033,218],{"class":121},[69,17035,91],{"class":83},[69,17037,8066],{"class":121},[69,17039,221],{"class":83},[1369,17041,17043],{"id":17042},"parameters","Parameters",[30,17045,17046,17051],{},[33,17047,17048,17050],{},[17,17049,218],{},": the keys to use",[33,17052,17053,17055],{},[17,17054,2339],{},": optional starting value for every key",[14,17057,17058,17059,17061,17062,25],{},"If you leave out ",[17,17060,2339],{},", each key gets ",[17,17063,449],{},[1369,17065,17067],{"id":17066},"return-value","Return value",[14,17069,17070,17071,25],{},"It returns a ",[22,17072,17073],{},"new dictionary",[141,17075,598],{"id":597},[14,17077,17078],{},"Here is a simple example using a list of strings as keys:",[60,17080,17082],{"className":62,"code":17081,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"keys = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\n\nprint(colors)\n",[17,17083,17084,17117,17139,17143],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,17085,17086,17088,17090,17092,17094,17096,17098,17100,17102,17105,17107,17109,17111,17113,17115],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,17087,16890],{"class":75},[69,17089,80],{"class":79},[69,17091,84],{"class":83},[69,17093,333],{"class":94},[69,17095,12737],{"class":336},[69,17097,333],{"class":94},[69,17099,91],{"class":83},[69,17101,964],{"class":94},[69,17103,17104],{"class":336},"green",[69,17106,333],{"class":94},[69,17108,91],{"class":83},[69,17110,964],{"class":94},[69,17112,12754],{"class":336},[69,17114,333],{"class":94},[69,17116,103],{"class":83},[69,17118,17119,17121,17123,17125,17127,17129,17131,17133,17135,17137],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,17120,12720],{"class":75},[69,17122,80],{"class":79},[69,17124,8806],{"class":1126},[69,17126,25],{"class":83},[69,17128,16931],{"class":121},[69,17130,113],{"class":83},[69,17132,16571],{"class":121},[69,17134,91],{"class":83},[69,17136,267],{"class":87},[69,17138,221],{"class":83},[69,17140,17141],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,17142,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,17144,17145,17147,17149,17152],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,17146,110],{"class":109},[69,17148,113],{"class":83},[69,17150,17151],{"class":121},"colors",[69,17153,221],{"class":83},[14,17155,643],{},[60,17157,17159],{"className":62,"code":17158,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'red': 0, 'green': 0, 'blue': 0}\n",[17,17160,17161],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,17162,17163,17165,17167,17169,17171,17173,17175,17177,17179,17181,17183,17185,17187,17189,17191,17193,17195,17197,17199],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,17164,8914],{"class":83},[69,17166,488],{"class":94},[69,17168,12737],{"class":336},[69,17170,488],{"class":94},[69,17172,1044],{"class":83},[69,17174,267],{"class":87},[69,17176,91],{"class":83},[69,17178,3161],{"class":94},[69,17180,17104],{"class":336},[69,17182,488],{"class":94},[69,17184,1044],{"class":83},[69,17186,267],{"class":87},[69,17188,91],{"class":83},[69,17190,3161],{"class":94},[69,17192,12754],{"class":336},[69,17194,488],{"class":94},[69,17196,1044],{"class":83},[69,17198,267],{"class":87},[69,17200,8945],{"class":83},[14,17202,11325],{},[30,17204,17205,17210,17215],{},[33,17206,17207,17209],{},[17,17208,16571],{}," contains the dictionary keys",[33,17211,17212,17214],{},[17,17213,88],{}," is used as the starting value for every key",[33,17216,17217,17219],{},[17,17218,16871],{}," returns the new dictionary",[14,17221,17222,17223,25],{},"If you want to learn more ways to create dictionaries, see ",[192,17224,9028],{"href":12670},[141,17226,8050,17228,17230],{"id":17227},"using-fromkeys-without-a-value",[17,17229,16866],{}," without a value",[14,17232,17233,17234,25],{},"If you do not pass the second argument, the default value is ",[17,17235,449],{},[60,17237,17239],{"className":62,"code":17238,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[17,17240,17241,17275,17295,17299],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,17242,17243,17246,17248,17250,17252,17254,17256,17258,17260,17262,17264,17266,17268,17271,17273],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,17244,17245],{"class":75},"fields ",[69,17247,80],{"class":79},[69,17249,84],{"class":83},[69,17251,333],{"class":94},[69,17253,7616],{"class":336},[69,17255,333],{"class":94},[69,17257,91],{"class":83},[69,17259,964],{"class":94},[69,17261,14905],{"class":336},[69,17263,333],{"class":94},[69,17265,91],{"class":83},[69,17267,964],{"class":94},[69,17269,17270],{"class":336},"password",[69,17272,333],{"class":94},[69,17274,103],{"class":83},[69,17276,17277,17280,17282,17284,17286,17288,17290,17293],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,17278,17279],{"class":75},"user_data ",[69,17281,80],{"class":79},[69,17283,8806],{"class":1126},[69,17285,25],{"class":83},[69,17287,16931],{"class":121},[69,17289,113],{"class":83},[69,17291,17292],{"class":121},"fields",[69,17294,221],{"class":83},[69,17296,17297],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,17298,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,17300,17301,17303,17305,17308],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,17302,110],{"class":109},[69,17304,113],{"class":83},[69,17306,17307],{"class":121},"user_data",[69,17309,221],{"class":83},[14,17311,643],{},[60,17313,17315],{"className":62,"code":17314,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'username': None, 'email': None, 'password': None}\n",[17,17316,17317],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,17318,17319,17321,17323,17325,17327,17329,17331,17333,17335,17337,17339,17341,17343,17345,17347,17349,17351,17353,17355],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,17320,8914],{"class":83},[69,17322,488],{"class":94},[69,17324,7616],{"class":336},[69,17326,488],{"class":94},[69,17328,1044],{"class":83},[69,17330,567],{"class":289},[69,17332,91],{"class":83},[69,17334,3161],{"class":94},[69,17336,14905],{"class":336},[69,17338,488],{"class":94},[69,17340,1044],{"class":83},[69,17342,567],{"class":289},[69,17344,91],{"class":83},[69,17346,3161],{"class":94},[69,17348,17270],{"class":336},[69,17350,488],{"class":94},[69,17352,1044],{"class":83},[69,17354,567],{"class":289},[69,17356,8945],{"class":83},[14,17358,17359],{},"This is useful when:",[30,17361,17362,17365,17368],{},[33,17363,17364],{},"You want to create the keys first",[33,17366,17367],{},"You plan to fill in the real values later",[33,17369,17370],{},"You need placeholder values during setup",[14,17372,2076],{},[60,17374,17376],{"className":62,"code":17375,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nuser_data[\"username\"] = \"alice\"\nuser_data[\"email\"] = \"alice@example.com\"\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[17,17377,17378,17410,17428,17432,17455,17478,17482],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,17379,17380,17382,17384,17386,17388,17390,17392,17394,17396,17398,17400,17402,17404,17406,17408],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,17381,17245],{"class":75},[69,17383,80],{"class":79},[69,17385,84],{"class":83},[69,17387,333],{"class":94},[69,17389,7616],{"class":336},[69,17391,333],{"class":94},[69,17393,91],{"class":83},[69,17395,964],{"class":94},[69,17397,14905],{"class":336},[69,17399,333],{"class":94},[69,17401,91],{"class":83},[69,17403,964],{"class":94},[69,17405,17270],{"class":336},[69,17407,333],{"class":94},[69,17409,103],{"class":83},[69,17411,17412,17414,17416,17418,17420,17422,17424,17426],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,17413,17279],{"class":75},[69,17415,80],{"class":79},[69,17417,8806],{"class":1126},[69,17419,25],{"class":83},[69,17421,16931],{"class":121},[69,17423,113],{"class":83},[69,17425,17292],{"class":121},[69,17427,221],{"class":83},[69,17429,17430],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,17431,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,17433,17434,17436,17438,17440,17442,17444,17446,17448,17450,17453],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,17435,17307],{"class":75},[69,17437,3739],{"class":83},[69,17439,333],{"class":94},[69,17441,7616],{"class":336},[69,17443,333],{"class":94},[69,17445,12918],{"class":83},[69,17447,12921],{"class":79},[69,17449,964],{"class":94},[69,17451,17452],{"class":336},"alice",[69,17454,3224],{"class":94},[69,17456,17457,17459,17461,17463,17465,17467,17469,17471,17473,17476],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,17458,17307],{"class":75},[69,17460,3739],{"class":83},[69,17462,333],{"class":94},[69,17464,14905],{"class":336},[69,17466,333],{"class":94},[69,17468,12918],{"class":83},[69,17470,12921],{"class":79},[69,17472,964],{"class":94},[69,17474,17475],{"class":336},"alice@example.com",[69,17477,3224],{"class":94},[69,17479,17480],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,17481,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,17483,17484,17486,17488,17490],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,17485,110],{"class":109},[69,17487,113],{"class":83},[69,17489,17307],{"class":121},[69,17491,221],{"class":83},[14,17493,643],{},[60,17495,17497],{"className":62,"code":17496,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'username': 'alice', 'email': 'alice@example.com', 'password': None}\n",[17,17498,17499],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,17500,17501,17503,17505,17507,17509,17511,17513,17515,17517,17519,17521,17523,17525,17527,17529,17531,17533,17535,17537,17539,17541,17543,17545],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,17502,8914],{"class":83},[69,17504,488],{"class":94},[69,17506,7616],{"class":336},[69,17508,488],{"class":94},[69,17510,1044],{"class":83},[69,17512,3161],{"class":94},[69,17514,17452],{"class":336},[69,17516,488],{"class":94},[69,17518,91],{"class":83},[69,17520,3161],{"class":94},[69,17522,14905],{"class":336},[69,17524,488],{"class":94},[69,17526,1044],{"class":83},[69,17528,3161],{"class":94},[69,17530,17475],{"class":336},[69,17532,488],{"class":94},[69,17534,91],{"class":83},[69,17536,3161],{"class":94},[69,17538,17270],{"class":336},[69,17540,488],{"class":94},[69,17542,1044],{"class":83},[69,17544,567],{"class":289},[69,17546,8945],{"class":83},[14,17548,17549,17550,25],{},"If you want to add or change keys later, see ",[192,17551,17553],{"href":17552},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python","how to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[141,17555,17557],{"id":17556},"important-warning-about-mutable-values","Important warning about mutable values",[14,17559,17560],{},"Be careful when using a mutable value such as:",[30,17562,17563,17568,17573],{},[33,17564,17565,17567],{},[17,17566,434],{}," (list)",[33,17569,17570,17572],{},[17,17571,439],{}," (dictionary)",[33,17574,17575,17577],{},[17,17576,444],{}," (set)",[14,17579,17580,17581,25],{},"All keys will point to the ",[22,17582,17583],{},"same object",[1369,17585,17587],{"id":17586},"example-of-the-problem","Example of the problem",[60,17589,17591],{"className":62,"code":17590,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = dict.fromkeys(keys, [])\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[17,17592,17593,17625,17646,17650,17672,17676],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,17594,17595,17597,17599,17601,17603,17605,17607,17609,17611,17613,17615,17617,17619,17621,17623],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,17596,16890],{"class":75},[69,17598,80],{"class":79},[69,17600,84],{"class":83},[69,17602,333],{"class":94},[69,17604,192],{"class":336},[69,17606,333],{"class":94},[69,17608,91],{"class":83},[69,17610,964],{"class":94},[69,17612,4587],{"class":336},[69,17614,333],{"class":94},[69,17616,91],{"class":83},[69,17618,964],{"class":94},[69,17620,9376],{"class":336},[69,17622,333],{"class":94},[69,17624,103],{"class":83},[69,17626,17627,17629,17631,17633,17635,17637,17639,17641,17643],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,17628,8801],{"class":75},[69,17630,80],{"class":79},[69,17632,8806],{"class":1126},[69,17634,25],{"class":83},[69,17636,16931],{"class":121},[69,17638,113],{"class":83},[69,17640,16571],{"class":121},[69,17642,91],{"class":83},[69,17644,17645],{"class":83}," [])\n",[69,17647,17648],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,17649,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,17651,17652,17654,17656,17658,17660,17662,17664,17666,17668,17670],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,17653,8840],{"class":75},[69,17655,3739],{"class":83},[69,17657,333],{"class":94},[69,17659,192],{"class":336},[69,17661,333],{"class":94},[69,17663,13195],{"class":83},[69,17665,13198],{"class":121},[69,17667,113],{"class":83},[69,17669,473],{"class":87},[69,17671,221],{"class":83},[69,17673,17674],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,17675,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,17677,17678,17680,17682,17684],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,17679,110],{"class":109},[69,17681,113],{"class":83},[69,17683,8840],{"class":121},[69,17685,221],{"class":83},[14,17687,643],{},[60,17689,17691],{"className":62,"code":17690,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1], 'c': [1]}\n",[17,17692,17693],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,17694,17695,17697,17699,17701,17703,17705,17707,17709,17712,17714,17716,17718,17720,17722,17724,17726,17728,17730,17732,17734,17736,17738],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,17696,8914],{"class":83},[69,17698,488],{"class":94},[69,17700,192],{"class":336},[69,17702,488],{"class":94},[69,17704,1044],{"class":83},[69,17706,84],{"class":83},[69,17708,473],{"class":87},[69,17710,17711],{"class":83},"],",[69,17713,3161],{"class":94},[69,17715,4587],{"class":336},[69,17717,488],{"class":94},[69,17719,1044],{"class":83},[69,17721,84],{"class":83},[69,17723,473],{"class":87},[69,17725,17711],{"class":83},[69,17727,3161],{"class":94},[69,17729,9376],{"class":336},[69,17731,488],{"class":94},[69,17733,1044],{"class":83},[69,17735,84],{"class":83},[69,17737,473],{"class":87},[69,17739,13351],{"class":83},[14,17741,17742,17743,17746],{},"Many beginners expect only ",[17,17744,17745],{},"\"a\""," to change, but all keys change because they share the same list.",[1369,17748,17750],{"id":17749},"why-this-happens","Why this happens",[14,17752,17753,17756],{},[17,17754,17755],{},"dict.fromkeys(keys, [])"," creates one list object.",[14,17758,17759],{},"That same list is then used for every key.",[14,17761,17762],{},"So this:",[60,17764,17766],{"className":62,"code":17765,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data[\"a\"].append(1)\n",[17,17767,17768],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,17769,17770,17772,17774,17776,17778,17780,17782,17784,17786,17788],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,17771,8840],{"class":75},[69,17773,3739],{"class":83},[69,17775,333],{"class":94},[69,17777,192],{"class":336},[69,17779,333],{"class":94},[69,17781,13195],{"class":83},[69,17783,13198],{"class":121},[69,17785,113],{"class":83},[69,17787,473],{"class":87},[69,17789,221],{"class":83},[14,17791,17792,17793,25],{},"changes the shared list, not a separate list just for key ",[17,17794,17745],{},[1369,17796,17798],{"id":17797},"the-better-way-when-each-key-needs-its-own-list","The better way when each key needs its own list",[14,17800,17801],{},"Use a dictionary comprehension:",[60,17803,17805],{"className":62,"code":17804,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[17,17806,17807,17839,17866,17870,17892,17896],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,17808,17809,17811,17813,17815,17817,17819,17821,17823,17825,17827,17829,17831,17833,17835,17837],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,17810,16890],{"class":75},[69,17812,80],{"class":79},[69,17814,84],{"class":83},[69,17816,333],{"class":94},[69,17818,192],{"class":336},[69,17820,333],{"class":94},[69,17822,91],{"class":83},[69,17824,964],{"class":94},[69,17826,4587],{"class":336},[69,17828,333],{"class":94},[69,17830,91],{"class":83},[69,17832,964],{"class":94},[69,17834,9376],{"class":336},[69,17836,333],{"class":94},[69,17838,103],{"class":83},[69,17840,17841,17843,17845,17847,17849,17851,17854,17856,17859,17861,17864],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,17842,8801],{"class":75},[69,17844,80],{"class":79},[69,17846,10128],{"class":83},[69,17848,14487],{"class":75},[69,17850,1044],{"class":83},[69,17852,17853],{"class":83}," []",[69,17855,857],{"class":773},[69,17857,17858],{"class":75}," key ",[69,17860,780],{"class":773},[69,17862,17863],{"class":75}," keys",[69,17865,8945],{"class":83},[69,17867,17868],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,17869,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,17871,17872,17874,17876,17878,17880,17882,17884,17886,17888,17890],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,17873,8840],{"class":75},[69,17875,3739],{"class":83},[69,17877,333],{"class":94},[69,17879,192],{"class":336},[69,17881,333],{"class":94},[69,17883,13195],{"class":83},[69,17885,13198],{"class":121},[69,17887,113],{"class":83},[69,17889,473],{"class":87},[69,17891,221],{"class":83},[69,17893,17894],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,17895,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,17897,17898,17900,17902,17904],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,17899,110],{"class":109},[69,17901,113],{"class":83},[69,17903,8840],{"class":121},[69,17905,221],{"class":83},[14,17907,643],{},[60,17909,17911],{"className":62,"code":17910,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'a': [1], 'b': [], 'c': []}\n",[17,17912,17913],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,17914,17915,17917,17919,17921,17923,17925,17927,17929,17931,17933,17935,17937,17939,17942,17944,17946,17948,17950],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,17916,8914],{"class":83},[69,17918,488],{"class":94},[69,17920,192],{"class":336},[69,17922,488],{"class":94},[69,17924,1044],{"class":83},[69,17926,84],{"class":83},[69,17928,473],{"class":87},[69,17930,17711],{"class":83},[69,17932,3161],{"class":94},[69,17934,4587],{"class":336},[69,17936,488],{"class":94},[69,17938,1044],{"class":83},[69,17940,17941],{"class":83}," [],",[69,17943,3161],{"class":94},[69,17945,9376],{"class":336},[69,17947,488],{"class":94},[69,17949,1044],{"class":83},[69,17951,17952],{"class":83}," []}\n",[14,17954,17955],{},"Now each key has its own separate list.",[14,17957,17958],{},"This same rule applies if you want each key to have its own dictionary or set.",[141,17960,4788,17962],{"id":17961},"when-to-use-fromkeys",[17,17963,16866],{},[14,17965,17966,17968],{},[17,17967,16871],{}," is a good choice when:",[30,17970,17971,17974,17977],{},[33,17972,17973],{},"You want to quickly create a dictionary with known keys",[33,17975,17976],{},"Every key should start with the same simple value",[33,17978,17979],{},"You need default flags, counters, or placeholders",[14,17981,1992],{},[60,17983,17985],{"className":62,"code":17984,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"flags = dict.fromkeys([\"is_admin\", \"is_active\", \"is_verified\"], False)\nprint(flags)\n",[17,17986,17987,18032],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,17988,17989,17992,17994,17996,17998,18000,18002,18004,18007,18009,18011,18013,18015,18017,18019,18021,18024,18026,18028,18030],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,17990,17991],{"class":75},"flags ",[69,17993,80],{"class":79},[69,17995,8806],{"class":1126},[69,17997,25],{"class":83},[69,17999,16931],{"class":121},[69,18001,260],{"class":83},[69,18003,333],{"class":94},[69,18005,18006],{"class":336},"is_admin",[69,18008,333],{"class":94},[69,18010,91],{"class":83},[69,18012,964],{"class":94},[69,18014,14725],{"class":336},[69,18016,333],{"class":94},[69,18018,91],{"class":83},[69,18020,964],{"class":94},[69,18022,18023],{"class":336},"is_verified",[69,18025,333],{"class":94},[69,18027,17711],{"class":83},[69,18029,294],{"class":289},[69,18031,221],{"class":83},[69,18033,18034,18036,18038,18041],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,18035,110],{"class":109},[69,18037,113],{"class":83},[69,18039,18040],{"class":121},"flags",[69,18042,221],{"class":83},[60,18044,18046],{"className":62,"code":18045,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"scores = dict.fromkeys([\"math\", \"science\", \"history\"], 0)\nprint(scores)\n",[17,18047,18048,18093],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,18049,18050,18052,18054,18056,18058,18060,18062,18064,18067,18069,18071,18073,18076,18078,18080,18082,18085,18087,18089,18091],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,18051,4891],{"class":75},[69,18053,80],{"class":79},[69,18055,8806],{"class":1126},[69,18057,25],{"class":83},[69,18059,16931],{"class":121},[69,18061,260],{"class":83},[69,18063,333],{"class":94},[69,18065,18066],{"class":336},"math",[69,18068,333],{"class":94},[69,18070,91],{"class":83},[69,18072,964],{"class":94},[69,18074,18075],{"class":336},"science",[69,18077,333],{"class":94},[69,18079,91],{"class":83},[69,18081,964],{"class":94},[69,18083,18084],{"class":336},"history",[69,18086,333],{"class":94},[69,18088,17711],{"class":83},[69,18090,267],{"class":87},[69,18092,221],{"class":83},[69,18094,18095,18097,18099,18101],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,18096,110],{"class":109},[69,18098,113],{"class":83},[69,18100,16036],{"class":121},[69,18102,221],{"class":83},[14,18104,18105,18106,18108],{},"It is ",[22,18107,4457],{}," the best choice when:",[30,18110,18111,18114],{},[33,18112,18113],{},"Each key needs a different starting value",[33,18115,18116],{},"Each key needs its own new list or dictionary",[141,18118,18120,18122],{"id":18119},"fromkeys-vs-creating-a-dictionary-manually",[17,18121,16866],{}," vs creating a dictionary manually",[14,18124,18125,18127],{},[17,18126,16866],{}," is shorter when all keys share the same value.",[1369,18129,8050,18131],{"id":18130},"using-fromkeys",[17,18132,16866],{},[60,18134,18136],{"className":62,"code":18135,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"settings = dict.fromkeys([\"sound\", \"music\", \"notifications\"], True)\nprint(settings)\n",[17,18137,18138,18183],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,18139,18140,18142,18144,18146,18148,18150,18152,18154,18157,18159,18161,18163,18166,18168,18170,18172,18175,18177,18179,18181],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,18141,13471],{"class":75},[69,18143,80],{"class":79},[69,18145,8806],{"class":1126},[69,18147,25],{"class":83},[69,18149,16931],{"class":121},[69,18151,260],{"class":83},[69,18153,333],{"class":94},[69,18155,18156],{"class":336},"sound",[69,18158,333],{"class":94},[69,18160,91],{"class":83},[69,18162,964],{"class":94},[69,18164,18165],{"class":336},"music",[69,18167,333],{"class":94},[69,18169,91],{"class":83},[69,18171,964],{"class":94},[69,18173,18174],{"class":336},"notifications",[69,18176,333],{"class":94},[69,18178,17711],{"class":83},[69,18180,1461],{"class":289},[69,18182,221],{"class":83},[69,18184,18185,18187,18189,18191],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,18186,110],{"class":109},[69,18188,113],{"class":83},[69,18190,13530],{"class":121},[69,18192,221],{"class":83},[1369,18194,18196],{"id":18195},"creating-a-dictionary-manually","Creating a dictionary manually",[60,18198,18200],{"className":62,"code":18199,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"settings = {\n    \"sound\": True,\n    \"music\": False,\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\nprint(settings)\n",[17,18201,18202,18210,18224,18238,18250,18254],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,18203,18204,18206,18208],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,18205,13471],{"class":75},[69,18207,80],{"class":79},[69,18209,11134],{"class":83},[69,18211,18212,18214,18216,18218,18220,18222],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,18213,11139],{"class":94},[69,18215,18156],{"class":336},[69,18217,333],{"class":94},[69,18219,1044],{"class":83},[69,18221,1461],{"class":289},[69,18223,11155],{"class":83},[69,18225,18226,18228,18230,18232,18234,18236],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,18227,11139],{"class":94},[69,18229,18165],{"class":336},[69,18231,333],{"class":94},[69,18233,1044],{"class":83},[69,18235,294],{"class":289},[69,18237,11155],{"class":83},[69,18239,18240,18242,18244,18246,18248],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,18241,11139],{"class":94},[69,18243,18174],{"class":336},[69,18245,333],{"class":94},[69,18247,1044],{"class":83},[69,18249,1266],{"class":289},[69,18251,18252],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,18253,8945],{"class":83},[69,18255,18256,18258,18260,18262],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,18257,110],{"class":109},[69,18259,113],{"class":83},[69,18261,13530],{"class":121},[69,18263,221],{"class":83},[14,18265,18266],{},"Manual creation is clearer when the values are different.",[1369,18268,18270],{"id":18269},"using-a-comprehension-for-separate-mutable-values","Using a comprehension for separate mutable values",[60,18272,18274],{"className":62,"code":18273,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(data)\n",[17,18275,18276,18308,18332],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,18277,18278,18280,18282,18284,18286,18288,18290,18292,18294,18296,18298,18300,18302,18304,18306],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,18279,16890],{"class":75},[69,18281,80],{"class":79},[69,18283,84],{"class":83},[69,18285,333],{"class":94},[69,18287,192],{"class":336},[69,18289,333],{"class":94},[69,18291,91],{"class":83},[69,18293,964],{"class":94},[69,18295,4587],{"class":336},[69,18297,333],{"class":94},[69,18299,91],{"class":83},[69,18301,964],{"class":94},[69,18303,9376],{"class":336},[69,18305,333],{"class":94},[69,18307,103],{"class":83},[69,18309,18310,18312,18314,18316,18318,18320,18322,18324,18326,18328,18330],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,18311,8801],{"class":75},[69,18313,80],{"class":79},[69,18315,10128],{"class":83},[69,18317,14487],{"class":75},[69,18319,1044],{"class":83},[69,18321,17853],{"class":83},[69,18323,857],{"class":773},[69,18325,17858],{"class":75},[69,18327,780],{"class":773},[69,18329,17863],{"class":75},[69,18331,8945],{"class":83},[69,18333,18334,18336,18338,18340],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,18335,110],{"class":109},[69,18337,113],{"class":83},[69,18339,8840],{"class":121},[69,18341,221],{"class":83},[14,18343,18344],{},"Use:",[30,18346,18347,18352,18355],{},[33,18348,18349,18351],{},[17,18350,16866],{}," when one shared simple default makes sense",[33,18353,18354],{},"Manual dictionary creation when values differ",[33,18356,18357],{},"A comprehension when each key needs its own new list or dict",[14,18359,18360,18361,25],{},"If you later want to change several values at once, you may also want to learn the ",[192,18362,10375,18363,10379],{"href":13678},[17,18364,14600],{},[141,18366,2698],{"id":2697},[14,18368,14379,18369,25],{},[17,18370,16871],{},[1369,18372,18374],{"id":18373},"using-a-mutable-default-value-by-mistake","Using a mutable default value by mistake",[60,18376,18378],{"className":62,"code":18377,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], [])\nd[\"a\"].append(1)\nprint(d)\n",[17,18379,18380,18413,18436],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,18381,18382,18385,18387,18389,18391,18393,18395,18397,18399,18401,18403,18405,18407,18409,18411],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,18383,18384],{"class":75},"d ",[69,18386,80],{"class":79},[69,18388,8806],{"class":1126},[69,18390,25],{"class":83},[69,18392,16931],{"class":121},[69,18394,260],{"class":83},[69,18396,333],{"class":94},[69,18398,192],{"class":336},[69,18400,333],{"class":94},[69,18402,91],{"class":83},[69,18404,964],{"class":94},[69,18406,4587],{"class":336},[69,18408,333],{"class":94},[69,18410,17711],{"class":83},[69,18412,17645],{"class":83},[69,18414,18415,18418,18420,18422,18424,18426,18428,18430,18432,18434],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,18416,18417],{"class":75},"d",[69,18419,3739],{"class":83},[69,18421,333],{"class":94},[69,18423,192],{"class":336},[69,18425,333],{"class":94},[69,18427,13195],{"class":83},[69,18429,13198],{"class":121},[69,18431,113],{"class":83},[69,18433,473],{"class":87},[69,18435,221],{"class":83},[69,18437,18438,18440,18442,18444],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,18439,110],{"class":109},[69,18441,113],{"class":83},[69,18443,18417],{"class":121},[69,18445,221],{"class":83},[14,18447,643],{},[60,18449,18451],{"className":62,"code":18450,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1]}\n",[17,18452,18453],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,18454,18455,18457,18459,18461,18463,18465,18467,18469,18471,18473,18475,18477,18479,18481,18483],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,18456,8914],{"class":83},[69,18458,488],{"class":94},[69,18460,192],{"class":336},[69,18462,488],{"class":94},[69,18464,1044],{"class":83},[69,18466,84],{"class":83},[69,18468,473],{"class":87},[69,18470,17711],{"class":83},[69,18472,3161],{"class":94},[69,18474,4587],{"class":336},[69,18476,488],{"class":94},[69,18478,1044],{"class":83},[69,18480,84],{"class":83},[69,18482,473],{"class":87},[69,18484,13351],{"class":83},[14,18486,18487],{},"This happens because both keys share the same list.",[14,18489,18490],{},"Use this instead:",[60,18492,18494],{"className":62,"code":18493,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\"]\nd = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(d)\n",[17,18495,18496,18520,18544],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,18497,18498,18500,18502,18504,18506,18508,18510,18512,18514,18516,18518],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,18499,16890],{"class":75},[69,18501,80],{"class":79},[69,18503,84],{"class":83},[69,18505,333],{"class":94},[69,18507,192],{"class":336},[69,18509,333],{"class":94},[69,18511,91],{"class":83},[69,18513,964],{"class":94},[69,18515,4587],{"class":336},[69,18517,333],{"class":94},[69,18519,103],{"class":83},[69,18521,18522,18524,18526,18528,18530,18532,18534,18536,18538,18540,18542],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,18523,18384],{"class":75},[69,18525,80],{"class":79},[69,18527,10128],{"class":83},[69,18529,14487],{"class":75},[69,18531,1044],{"class":83},[69,18533,17853],{"class":83},[69,18535,857],{"class":773},[69,18537,17858],{"class":75},[69,18539,780],{"class":773},[69,18541,17863],{"class":75},[69,18543,8945],{"class":83},[69,18545,18546,18548,18550,18552],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,18547,110],{"class":109},[69,18549,113],{"class":83},[69,18551,18417],{"class":121},[69,18553,221],{"class":83},[1369,18555,18557,18558,18560],{"id":18556},"trying-to-call-fromkeys-on-a-list","Trying to call ",[17,18559,16866],{}," on a list",[14,18562,18563],{},"Wrong idea:",[60,18565,18567],{"className":62,"code":18566,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[17,18568,18569,18601],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,18570,18571,18573,18575,18577,18579,18581,18583,18585,18587,18589,18591,18593,18595,18597,18599],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,18572,16890],{"class":75},[69,18574,80],{"class":79},[69,18576,84],{"class":83},[69,18578,333],{"class":94},[69,18580,192],{"class":336},[69,18582,333],{"class":94},[69,18584,91],{"class":83},[69,18586,964],{"class":94},[69,18588,4587],{"class":336},[69,18590,333],{"class":94},[69,18592,91],{"class":83},[69,18594,964],{"class":94},[69,18596,9376],{"class":336},[69,18598,333],{"class":94},[69,18600,103],{"class":83},[69,18602,18603],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,18604,18605],{"class":128},"# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[14,18607,18608,18610,18611,18613,18614,25],{},[17,18609,16866],{}," belongs to ",[17,18612,8456],{},", not ",[17,18615,7725],{},[14,18617,18618],{},"Correct usage:",[60,18620,18622],{"className":62,"code":18621,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nd = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\nprint(d)\n",[17,18623,18624,18656,18678],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,18625,18626,18628,18630,18632,18634,18636,18638,18640,18642,18644,18646,18648,18650,18652,18654],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,18627,16890],{"class":75},[69,18629,80],{"class":79},[69,18631,84],{"class":83},[69,18633,333],{"class":94},[69,18635,192],{"class":336},[69,18637,333],{"class":94},[69,18639,91],{"class":83},[69,18641,964],{"class":94},[69,18643,4587],{"class":336},[69,18645,333],{"class":94},[69,18647,91],{"class":83},[69,18649,964],{"class":94},[69,18651,9376],{"class":336},[69,18653,333],{"class":94},[69,18655,103],{"class":83},[69,18657,18658,18660,18662,18664,18666,18668,18670,18672,18674,18676],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,18659,18384],{"class":75},[69,18661,80],{"class":79},[69,18663,8806],{"class":1126},[69,18665,25],{"class":83},[69,18667,16931],{"class":121},[69,18669,113],{"class":83},[69,18671,16571],{"class":121},[69,18673,91],{"class":83},[69,18675,267],{"class":87},[69,18677,221],{"class":83},[69,18679,18680,18682,18684,18686],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,18681,110],{"class":109},[69,18683,113],{"class":83},[69,18685,18417],{"class":121},[69,18687,221],{"class":83},[1369,18689,8086,18691,18693],{"id":18690},"expecting-fromkeys-to-update-an-existing-dictionary",[17,18692,16866],{}," to update an existing dictionary",[14,18695,18696,18698],{},[17,18697,16871],{}," does not change an existing dictionary. It creates a new one.",[60,18700,18702],{"className":62,"code":18701,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"original = {\"x\": 1}\nnew_dict = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(new_dict)\n",[17,18703,18704,18724,18758,18762,18772],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,18705,18706,18708,18710,18712,18714,18716,18718,18720,18722],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,18707,11728],{"class":75},[69,18709,80],{"class":79},[69,18711,10128],{"class":83},[69,18713,333],{"class":94},[69,18715,2041],{"class":336},[69,18717,333],{"class":94},[69,18719,1044],{"class":83},[69,18721,272],{"class":87},[69,18723,8945],{"class":83},[69,18725,18726,18728,18730,18732,18734,18736,18738,18740,18742,18744,18746,18748,18750,18752,18754,18756],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,18727,12682],{"class":75},[69,18729,80],{"class":79},[69,18731,8806],{"class":1126},[69,18733,25],{"class":83},[69,18735,16931],{"class":121},[69,18737,260],{"class":83},[69,18739,333],{"class":94},[69,18741,192],{"class":336},[69,18743,333],{"class":94},[69,18745,91],{"class":83},[69,18747,964],{"class":94},[69,18749,4587],{"class":336},[69,18751,333],{"class":94},[69,18753,17711],{"class":83},[69,18755,267],{"class":87},[69,18757,221],{"class":83},[69,18759,18760],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,18761,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,18763,18764,18766,18768,18770],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,18765,110],{"class":109},[69,18767,113],{"class":83},[69,18769,11775],{"class":121},[69,18771,221],{"class":83},[69,18773,18774,18776,18778,18781],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,18775,110],{"class":109},[69,18777,113],{"class":83},[69,18779,18780],{"class":121},"new_dict",[69,18782,221],{"class":83},[14,18784,643],{},[60,18786,18788],{"className":62,"code":18787,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'x': 1}\n{'a': 0, 'b': 0}\n",[17,18789,18790,18806],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,18791,18792,18794,18796,18798,18800,18802,18804],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,18793,8914],{"class":83},[69,18795,488],{"class":94},[69,18797,2041],{"class":336},[69,18799,488],{"class":94},[69,18801,1044],{"class":83},[69,18803,272],{"class":87},[69,18805,8945],{"class":83},[69,18807,18808,18810,18812,18814,18816,18818,18820,18822,18824,18826,18828,18830,18832],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,18809,8914],{"class":83},[69,18811,488],{"class":94},[69,18813,192],{"class":336},[69,18815,488],{"class":94},[69,18817,1044],{"class":83},[69,18819,267],{"class":87},[69,18821,91],{"class":83},[69,18823,3161],{"class":94},[69,18825,4587],{"class":336},[69,18827,488],{"class":94},[69,18829,1044],{"class":83},[69,18831,267],{"class":87},[69,18833,8945],{"class":83},[14,18835,18836,18837,25],{},"If you want to modify an existing dictionary, see the ",[192,18838,10375,18839,10379],{"href":13678},[17,18840,14600],{},[1369,18842,18844,18845],{"id":18843},"forgetting-that-the-default-value-is-none","Forgetting that the default value is ",[17,18846,449],{},[60,18848,18850],{"className":62,"code":18849,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"x\", \"y\"])\nprint(d)\n",[17,18851,18852,18882],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,18853,18854,18856,18858,18860,18862,18864,18866,18868,18870,18872,18874,18876,18878,18880],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,18855,18384],{"class":75},[69,18857,80],{"class":79},[69,18859,8806],{"class":1126},[69,18861,25],{"class":83},[69,18863,16931],{"class":121},[69,18865,260],{"class":83},[69,18867,333],{"class":94},[69,18869,2041],{"class":336},[69,18871,333],{"class":94},[69,18873,91],{"class":83},[69,18875,964],{"class":94},[69,18877,11387],{"class":336},[69,18879,333],{"class":94},[69,18881,3727],{"class":83},[69,18883,18884,18886,18888,18890],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,18885,110],{"class":109},[69,18887,113],{"class":83},[69,18889,18417],{"class":121},[69,18891,221],{"class":83},[14,18893,643],{},[60,18895,18897],{"className":62,"code":18896,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'x': None, 'y': None}\n",[17,18898,18899],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,18900,18901,18903,18905,18907,18909,18911,18913,18915,18917,18919,18921,18923,18925],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,18902,8914],{"class":83},[69,18904,488],{"class":94},[69,18906,2041],{"class":336},[69,18908,488],{"class":94},[69,18910,1044],{"class":83},[69,18912,567],{"class":289},[69,18914,91],{"class":83},[69,18916,3161],{"class":94},[69,18918,11387],{"class":336},[69,18920,488],{"class":94},[69,18922,1044],{"class":83},[69,18924,567],{"class":289},[69,18926,8945],{"class":83},[14,18928,18929,18930,25],{},"If you do not pass a second argument, every key gets ",[17,18931,449],{},[141,18933,18935],{"id":18934},"useful-checks","Useful checks",[14,18937,18938,18939,18941],{},"You can run these small examples to understand how ",[17,18940,16866],{}," works.",[60,18943,18945],{"className":62,"code":18944,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0))\n",[17,18946,18947],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,18948,18949,18951,18953,18955,18957,18959,18961,18963,18965,18967,18969,18971,18973,18975,18977,18979],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,18950,110],{"class":109},[69,18952,113],{"class":83},[69,18954,8456],{"class":1126},[69,18956,25],{"class":83},[69,18958,16931],{"class":121},[69,18960,260],{"class":83},[69,18962,333],{"class":94},[69,18964,192],{"class":336},[69,18966,333],{"class":94},[69,18968,91],{"class":83},[69,18970,964],{"class":94},[69,18972,4587],{"class":336},[69,18974,333],{"class":94},[69,18976,17711],{"class":83},[69,18978,267],{"class":87},[69,18980,342],{"class":83},[60,18982,18983],{"className":62,"code":18849,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,18984,18985,19015],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,18986,18987,18989,18991,18993,18995,18997,18999,19001,19003,19005,19007,19009,19011,19013],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,18988,18384],{"class":75},[69,18990,80],{"class":79},[69,18992,8806],{"class":1126},[69,18994,25],{"class":83},[69,18996,16931],{"class":121},[69,18998,260],{"class":83},[69,19000,333],{"class":94},[69,19002,2041],{"class":336},[69,19004,333],{"class":94},[69,19006,91],{"class":83},[69,19008,964],{"class":94},[69,19010,11387],{"class":336},[69,19012,333],{"class":94},[69,19014,3727],{"class":83},[69,19016,19017,19019,19021,19023],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,19018,110],{"class":109},[69,19020,113],{"class":83},[69,19022,18417],{"class":121},[69,19024,221],{"class":83},[60,19026,19027],{"className":62,"code":18377,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,19028,19029,19061,19083],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,19030,19031,19033,19035,19037,19039,19041,19043,19045,19047,19049,19051,19053,19055,19057,19059],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,19032,18384],{"class":75},[69,19034,80],{"class":79},[69,19036,8806],{"class":1126},[69,19038,25],{"class":83},[69,19040,16931],{"class":121},[69,19042,260],{"class":83},[69,19044,333],{"class":94},[69,19046,192],{"class":336},[69,19048,333],{"class":94},[69,19050,91],{"class":83},[69,19052,964],{"class":94},[69,19054,4587],{"class":336},[69,19056,333],{"class":94},[69,19058,17711],{"class":83},[69,19060,17645],{"class":83},[69,19062,19063,19065,19067,19069,19071,19073,19075,19077,19079,19081],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,19064,18417],{"class":75},[69,19066,3739],{"class":83},[69,19068,333],{"class":94},[69,19070,192],{"class":336},[69,19072,333],{"class":94},[69,19074,13195],{"class":83},[69,19076,13198],{"class":121},[69,19078,113],{"class":83},[69,19080,473],{"class":87},[69,19082,221],{"class":83},[69,19084,19085,19087,19089,19091],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,19086,110],{"class":109},[69,19088,113],{"class":83},[69,19090,18417],{"class":121},[69,19092,221],{"class":83},[60,19094,19096],{"className":62,"code":19095,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(type(dict.fromkeys([1, 2, 3], \"value\")))\n",[17,19097,19098],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,19099,19100,19102,19104,19106,19108,19110,19112,19114,19116,19118,19120,19122,19124,19126,19128,19130,19132,19134],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,19101,110],{"class":109},[69,19103,113],{"class":83},[69,19105,3087],{"class":1126},[69,19107,113],{"class":83},[69,19109,8456],{"class":1126},[69,19111,25],{"class":83},[69,19113,16931],{"class":121},[69,19115,260],{"class":83},[69,19117,473],{"class":87},[69,19119,91],{"class":83},[69,19121,316],{"class":87},[69,19123,91],{"class":83},[69,19125,516],{"class":87},[69,19127,17711],{"class":83},[69,19129,964],{"class":94},[69,19131,2339],{"class":336},[69,19133,333],{"class":94},[69,19135,297],{"class":83},[141,19137,1651],{"id":1650},[1369,19139,12347,19141,19143],{"id":19140},"does-fromkeys-change-an-existing-dictionary",[17,19142,16866],{}," change an existing dictionary?",[14,19145,19146],{},"No. It creates and returns a new dictionary.",[1369,19148,19150],{"id":19149},"what-value-is-used-if-i-do-not-pass-the-second-argument","What value is used if I do not pass the second argument?",[14,19152,19153,19154,25],{},"Each key gets ",[17,19155,449],{},[1369,19157,19159],{"id":19158},"can-i-use-a-list-as-the-default-value","Can I use a list as the default value?",[14,19161,19162],{},"Yes, but all keys will share the same list object.",[1369,19164,19166],{"id":19165},"how-do-i-give-each-key-its-own-empty-list","How do I give each key its own empty list?",[14,19168,17801],{},[60,19170,19172],{"className":62,"code":19171,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n",[17,19173,19174,19206],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,19175,19176,19178,19180,19182,19184,19186,19188,19190,19192,19194,19196,19198,19200,19202,19204],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,19177,16890],{"class":75},[69,19179,80],{"class":79},[69,19181,84],{"class":83},[69,19183,333],{"class":94},[69,19185,192],{"class":336},[69,19187,333],{"class":94},[69,19189,91],{"class":83},[69,19191,964],{"class":94},[69,19193,4587],{"class":336},[69,19195,333],{"class":94},[69,19197,91],{"class":83},[69,19199,964],{"class":94},[69,19201,9376],{"class":336},[69,19203,333],{"class":94},[69,19205,103],{"class":83},[69,19207,19208,19210,19212,19214,19216,19218,19220,19222,19224,19226,19228],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,19209,8801],{"class":75},[69,19211,80],{"class":79},[69,19213,10128],{"class":83},[69,19215,14487],{"class":75},[69,19217,1044],{"class":83},[69,19219,17853],{"class":83},[69,19221,857],{"class":773},[69,19223,17858],{"class":75},[69,19225,780],{"class":773},[69,19227,17863],{"class":75},[69,19229,8945],{"class":83},[141,19231,1771],{"id":1770},[30,19233,19234,19238,19242,19246,19252],{},[33,19235,19236],{},[192,19237,10882],{"href":12670},[33,19239,19240],{},[192,19241,8791],{"href":12667},[33,19243,19244],{},[192,19245,10891],{"href":17552},[33,19247,19248],{},[192,19249,10375,19250,10379],{"href":13678},[17,19251,14600],{},[33,19253,19254],{},[192,19255,10375,19256,10379],{"href":14645},[17,19257,12420],{},[14,19259,132,19260,19262],{},[17,19261,16871],{}," when all keys should start with the same simple value. If each key needs its own separate list or dictionary, use a dictionary comprehension instead.",[1802,19264,19265],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":19267},[19268,19269,19271,19275,19276,19278,19283,19285,19292,19301,19302,19309],{"id":1869,"depth":106,"text":1870},{"id":16971,"depth":106,"text":19270},"What dict.fromkeys() does",{"id":17015,"depth":106,"text":17016,"children":19272},[19273,19274],{"id":17042,"depth":300,"text":17043},{"id":17066,"depth":300,"text":17067},{"id":597,"depth":106,"text":598},{"id":17227,"depth":106,"text":19277},"Using fromkeys() without a value",{"id":17556,"depth":106,"text":17557,"children":19279},[19280,19281,19282],{"id":17586,"depth":300,"text":17587},{"id":17749,"depth":300,"text":17750},{"id":17797,"depth":300,"text":17798},{"id":17961,"depth":106,"text":19284},"When to use fromkeys()",{"id":18119,"depth":106,"text":19286,"children":19287},"fromkeys() vs creating a dictionary manually",[19288,19290,19291],{"id":18130,"depth":300,"text":19289},"Using fromkeys()",{"id":18195,"depth":300,"text":18196},{"id":18269,"depth":300,"text":18270},{"id":2697,"depth":106,"text":2698,"children":19293},[19294,19295,19297,19299],{"id":18373,"depth":300,"text":18374},{"id":18556,"depth":300,"text":19296},"Trying to call fromkeys() on a list",{"id":18690,"depth":300,"text":19298},"Expecting fromkeys() to update an existing dictionary",{"id":18843,"depth":300,"text":19300},"Forgetting that the default value is None",{"id":18934,"depth":106,"text":18935},{"id":1650,"depth":106,"text":1651,"children":19303},[19304,19306,19307,19308],{"id":19140,"depth":300,"text":19305},"Does fromkeys() change an existing dictionary?",{"id":19149,"depth":300,"text":19150},{"id":19158,"depth":300,"text":19159},{"id":19165,"depth":300,"text":19166},{"id":1770,"depth":106,"text":1771},"Master python dictionary fromkeys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method",{"title":16858,"description":19310},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method","2yJ4KIc9BK_9yVeJ8MeOaa9ypdRp2WVvVsnxvO7dWyw",{"id":19317,"title":19318,"body":19319,"description":21149,"extension":1828,"meta":21150,"navigation":833,"path":21151,"seo":21152,"stem":21153,"__hash__":21154},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method.md","Python Dictionary get() Method",{"type":7,"value":19320,"toc":21116},[19321,19326,19332,19343,19473,19480,19485,19489,19505,19507,19605,19608,19625,19629,19631,19636,19674,19677,19695,19697,19815,19820,19824,19840,19843,19979,19982,19987,19993,19996,20033,20036,20040,20045,20121,20125,20130,20212,20214,20230,20235,20239,20245,20314,20317,20334,20337,20419,20425,20428,20448,20452,20457,20463,20469,20540,20543,20549,20552,20626,20633,20639,20647,20657,20659,20754,20760,20765,20852,20858,20860,20865,20887,20890,20985,20988,21019,21032,21034,21042,21048,21054,21057,21063,21068,21075,21080,21082,21113],[10,19322,10958,19324,10962],{"id":19323},"python-dictionary-get-method",[17,19325,10378],{},[14,19327,19328,19329,19331],{},"The dictionary ",[17,19330,10378],{}," method lets you safely read a value from a dictionary.",[14,19333,19334,19335,2057,19338,678,19340,19342],{},"It is useful when a key might be missing. Instead of crashing with a ",[17,19336,19337],{},"KeyError",[17,19339,10378],{},[17,19341,449],{}," by default, or a custom fallback value if you provide one.",[60,19344,19346],{"className":62,"code":19345,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.get(\"name\"))           # Ana\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))           # None\nprint(person.get(\"city\", \"N\u002FA\"))    # N\u002FA\n",[17,19347,19348,19384,19388,19414,19439],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,19349,19350,19352,19354,19356,19358,19360,19362,19364,19366,19368,19370,19372,19374,19376,19378,19380,19382],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,19351,12849],{"class":75},[69,19353,80],{"class":79},[69,19355,10128],{"class":83},[69,19357,333],{"class":94},[69,19359,7297],{"class":336},[69,19361,333],{"class":94},[69,19363,1044],{"class":83},[69,19365,964],{"class":94},[69,19367,12524],{"class":336},[69,19369,333],{"class":94},[69,19371,91],{"class":83},[69,19373,964],{"class":94},[69,19375,8935],{"class":336},[69,19377,333],{"class":94},[69,19379,1044],{"class":83},[69,19381,8942],{"class":87},[69,19383,8945],{"class":83},[69,19385,19386],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,19387,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,19389,19390,19392,19394,19396,19398,19401,19403,19405,19407,19409,19411],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,19391,110],{"class":109},[69,19393,113],{"class":83},[69,19395,16955],{"class":121},[69,19397,25],{"class":83},[69,19399,19400],{"class":121},"get",[69,19402,113],{"class":83},[69,19404,333],{"class":94},[69,19406,7297],{"class":336},[69,19408,333],{"class":94},[69,19410,125],{"class":83},[69,19412,19413],{"class":128},"           # Ana\n",[69,19415,19416,19418,19420,19422,19424,19426,19428,19430,19432,19434,19436],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,19417,110],{"class":109},[69,19419,113],{"class":83},[69,19421,16955],{"class":121},[69,19423,25],{"class":83},[69,19425,19400],{"class":121},[69,19427,113],{"class":83},[69,19429,333],{"class":94},[69,19431,10046],{"class":336},[69,19433,333],{"class":94},[69,19435,125],{"class":83},[69,19437,19438],{"class":128},"           # None\n",[69,19440,19441,19443,19445,19447,19449,19451,19453,19455,19457,19459,19461,19463,19466,19468,19470],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,19442,110],{"class":109},[69,19444,113],{"class":83},[69,19446,16955],{"class":121},[69,19448,25],{"class":83},[69,19450,19400],{"class":121},[69,19452,113],{"class":83},[69,19454,333],{"class":94},[69,19456,10046],{"class":336},[69,19458,333],{"class":94},[69,19460,91],{"class":83},[69,19462,964],{"class":94},[69,19464,19465],{"class":336},"N\u002FA",[69,19467,333],{"class":94},[69,19469,125],{"class":83},[69,19471,19472],{"class":128},"    # N\u002FA\n",[14,19474,132,19475,19477,19478,25],{},[17,19476,10378],{}," when a dictionary key may be missing and you want a safe result instead of a ",[17,19479,19337],{},[141,19481,3540,19483,3543],{"id":19482},"what-get-does",[17,19484,10378],{},[14,19486,1845,19487,11053],{},[17,19488,10378],{},[30,19490,19491,19494,19499,19502],{},[33,19492,19493],{},"Returns the value for a given key",[33,19495,11064,19496,19498],{},[17,19497,449],{}," if the key does not exist",[33,19500,19501],{},"Can return a custom default value instead",[33,19503,19504],{},"Works on dictionary objects only",[14,19506,2076],{},[60,19508,19510],{"className":62,"code":19509,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"student = {\"name\": \"Lina\", \"grade\": 90}\n\nprint(student.get(\"name\"))     # Lina\nprint(student.get(\"email\"))    # None\n",[17,19511,19512,19551,19555,19580],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,19513,19514,19516,19518,19520,19522,19524,19526,19528,19530,19533,19535,19537,19539,19542,19544,19546,19549],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,19515,12507],{"class":75},[69,19517,80],{"class":79},[69,19519,10128],{"class":83},[69,19521,333],{"class":94},[69,19523,7297],{"class":336},[69,19525,333],{"class":94},[69,19527,1044],{"class":83},[69,19529,964],{"class":94},[69,19531,19532],{"class":336},"Lina",[69,19534,333],{"class":94},[69,19536,91],{"class":83},[69,19538,964],{"class":94},[69,19540,19541],{"class":336},"grade",[69,19543,333],{"class":94},[69,19545,1044],{"class":83},[69,19547,19548],{"class":87}," 90",[69,19550,8945],{"class":83},[69,19552,19553],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,19554,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,19556,19557,19559,19561,19563,19565,19567,19569,19571,19573,19575,19577],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,19558,110],{"class":109},[69,19560,113],{"class":83},[69,19562,13271],{"class":121},[69,19564,25],{"class":83},[69,19566,19400],{"class":121},[69,19568,113],{"class":83},[69,19570,333],{"class":94},[69,19572,7297],{"class":336},[69,19574,333],{"class":94},[69,19576,125],{"class":83},[69,19578,19579],{"class":128},"     # Lina\n",[69,19581,19582,19584,19586,19588,19590,19592,19594,19596,19598,19600,19602],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,19583,110],{"class":109},[69,19585,113],{"class":83},[69,19587,13271],{"class":121},[69,19589,25],{"class":83},[69,19591,19400],{"class":121},[69,19593,113],{"class":83},[69,19595,333],{"class":94},[69,19597,14905],{"class":336},[69,19599,333],{"class":94},[69,19601,125],{"class":83},[69,19603,19604],{"class":128},"    # None\n",[14,19606,19607],{},"In this example:",[30,19609,19610,19615],{},[33,19611,19612,19614],{},[17,19613,14886],{}," exists, so its value is returned",[33,19616,19617,19620,19621,678,19623],{},[17,19618,19619],{},"\"email\""," does not exist, so ",[17,19622,10378],{},[17,19624,449],{},[14,19626,12664,19627,25],{},[192,19628,8791],{"href":8790},[141,19630,2024],{"id":2023},[14,19632,19633,19634,1044],{},"There are two common forms of ",[17,19635,10378],{},[60,19637,19639],{"className":62,"code":19638,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"dictionary.get(key)\ndictionary.get(key, default_value)\n",[17,19640,19641,19655],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,19642,19643,19645,19647,19649,19651,19653],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,19644,15251],{"class":75},[69,19646,25],{"class":83},[69,19648,19400],{"class":121},[69,19650,113],{"class":83},[69,19652,14487],{"class":121},[69,19654,221],{"class":83},[69,19656,19657,19659,19661,19663,19665,19667,19669,19672],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,19658,15251],{"class":75},[69,19660,25],{"class":83},[69,19662,19400],{"class":121},[69,19664,113],{"class":83},[69,19666,14487],{"class":121},[69,19668,91],{"class":83},[69,19670,19671],{"class":121}," default_value",[69,19673,221],{"class":83},[14,19675,19676],{},"What each part means:",[30,19678,19679,19684,19690],{},[33,19680,19681,19683],{},[17,19682,14487],{}," is the dictionary key you want to look up",[33,19685,19686,19689],{},[17,19687,19688],{},"default_value"," is optional",[33,19691,19692,19693],{},"If you do not provide a default, Python uses ",[17,19694,449],{},[14,19696,2076],{},[60,19698,19700],{"className":62,"code":19699,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\"}\n\nprint(settings.get(\"theme\"))            # dark\nprint(settings.get(\"language\"))         # None\nprint(settings.get(\"language\", \"en\"))   # en\n",[17,19701,19702,19726,19730,19755,19781],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,19703,19704,19706,19708,19710,19712,19714,19716,19718,19720,19722,19724],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,19705,13471],{"class":75},[69,19707,80],{"class":79},[69,19709,10128],{"class":83},[69,19711,333],{"class":94},[69,19713,12137],{"class":336},[69,19715,333],{"class":94},[69,19717,1044],{"class":83},[69,19719,964],{"class":94},[69,19721,12146],{"class":336},[69,19723,333],{"class":94},[69,19725,8945],{"class":83},[69,19727,19728],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,19729,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,19731,19732,19734,19736,19738,19740,19742,19744,19746,19748,19750,19752],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,19733,110],{"class":109},[69,19735,113],{"class":83},[69,19737,13530],{"class":121},[69,19739,25],{"class":83},[69,19741,19400],{"class":121},[69,19743,113],{"class":83},[69,19745,333],{"class":94},[69,19747,12137],{"class":336},[69,19749,333],{"class":94},[69,19751,125],{"class":83},[69,19753,19754],{"class":128},"            # dark\n",[69,19756,19757,19759,19761,19763,19765,19767,19769,19771,19774,19776,19778],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,19758,110],{"class":109},[69,19760,113],{"class":83},[69,19762,13530],{"class":121},[69,19764,25],{"class":83},[69,19766,19400],{"class":121},[69,19768,113],{"class":83},[69,19770,333],{"class":94},[69,19772,19773],{"class":336},"language",[69,19775,333],{"class":94},[69,19777,125],{"class":83},[69,19779,19780],{"class":128},"         # None\n",[69,19782,19783,19785,19787,19789,19791,19793,19795,19797,19799,19801,19803,19805,19808,19810,19812],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,19784,110],{"class":109},[69,19786,113],{"class":83},[69,19788,13530],{"class":121},[69,19790,25],{"class":83},[69,19792,19400],{"class":121},[69,19794,113],{"class":83},[69,19796,333],{"class":94},[69,19798,19773],{"class":336},[69,19800,333],{"class":94},[69,19802,91],{"class":83},[69,19804,964],{"class":94},[69,19806,19807],{"class":336},"en",[69,19809,333],{"class":94},[69,19811,125],{"class":83},[69,19813,19814],{"class":128},"   # en\n",[141,19816,4788,19818],{"id":19817},"when-to-use-get",[17,19819,10378],{},[14,19821,132,19822,10239],{},[17,19823,10378],{},[30,19825,19826,19829,19834,19837],{},[33,19827,19828],{},"A key might not exist",[33,19830,19831,19832],{},"You want to avoid ",[17,19833,19337],{},[33,19835,19836],{},"You are reading optional data",[33,19838,19839],{},"You are working with JSON, user input, or config data",[14,19841,19842],{},"Example with optional user data:",[60,19844,19846],{"className":62,"code":19845,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"user = {\"username\": \"sam\", \"email\": \"sam@example.com\"}\n\nprint(user.get(\"username\"))              # sam\nprint(user.get(\"phone\"))                 # None\nprint(user.get(\"phone\", \"Not provided\")) # Not provided\n",[17,19847,19848,19890,19894,19919,19945],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,19849,19850,19852,19854,19856,19858,19860,19862,19864,19866,19869,19871,19873,19875,19877,19879,19881,19883,19886,19888],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,19851,11129],{"class":75},[69,19853,80],{"class":79},[69,19855,10128],{"class":83},[69,19857,333],{"class":94},[69,19859,7616],{"class":336},[69,19861,333],{"class":94},[69,19863,1044],{"class":83},[69,19865,964],{"class":94},[69,19867,19868],{"class":336},"sam",[69,19870,333],{"class":94},[69,19872,91],{"class":83},[69,19874,964],{"class":94},[69,19876,14905],{"class":336},[69,19878,333],{"class":94},[69,19880,1044],{"class":83},[69,19882,964],{"class":94},[69,19884,19885],{"class":336},"sam@example.com",[69,19887,333],{"class":94},[69,19889,8945],{"class":83},[69,19891,19892],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,19893,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,19895,19896,19898,19900,19902,19904,19906,19908,19910,19912,19914,19916],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,19897,110],{"class":109},[69,19899,113],{"class":83},[69,19901,11223],{"class":121},[69,19903,25],{"class":83},[69,19905,19400],{"class":121},[69,19907,113],{"class":83},[69,19909,333],{"class":94},[69,19911,7616],{"class":336},[69,19913,333],{"class":94},[69,19915,125],{"class":83},[69,19917,19918],{"class":128},"              # sam\n",[69,19920,19921,19923,19925,19927,19929,19931,19933,19935,19938,19940,19942],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,19922,110],{"class":109},[69,19924,113],{"class":83},[69,19926,11223],{"class":121},[69,19928,25],{"class":83},[69,19930,19400],{"class":121},[69,19932,113],{"class":83},[69,19934,333],{"class":94},[69,19936,19937],{"class":336},"phone",[69,19939,333],{"class":94},[69,19941,125],{"class":83},[69,19943,19944],{"class":128},"                 # None\n",[69,19946,19947,19949,19951,19953,19955,19957,19959,19961,19963,19965,19967,19969,19972,19974,19976],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,19948,110],{"class":109},[69,19950,113],{"class":83},[69,19952,11223],{"class":121},[69,19954,25],{"class":83},[69,19956,19400],{"class":121},[69,19958,113],{"class":83},[69,19960,333],{"class":94},[69,19962,19937],{"class":336},[69,19964,333],{"class":94},[69,19966,91],{"class":83},[69,19968,964],{"class":94},[69,19970,19971],{"class":336},"Not provided",[69,19973,333],{"class":94},[69,19975,125],{"class":83},[69,19977,19978],{"class":128}," # Not provided\n",[14,19980,19981],{},"This is common when some fields are optional.",[14,19983,19984,19985,25],{},"If you want more help with reading dictionary values, see ",[192,19986,16245],{"href":16244},[141,19988,19990,19992],{"id":19989},"get-vs-square-brackets",[17,19991,10378],{}," vs square brackets",[14,19994,19995],{},"You can access dictionary values in two common ways:",[60,19997,19999],{"className":62,"code":19998,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data[\"key\"]\ndata.get(\"key\")\n",[17,20000,20001,20015],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,20002,20003,20005,20007,20009,20011,20013],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,20004,8840],{"class":75},[69,20006,3739],{"class":83},[69,20008,333],{"class":94},[69,20010,14487],{"class":336},[69,20012,333],{"class":94},[69,20014,103],{"class":83},[69,20016,20017,20019,20021,20023,20025,20027,20029,20031],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,20018,8840],{"class":75},[69,20020,25],{"class":83},[69,20022,19400],{"class":121},[69,20024,113],{"class":83},[69,20026,333],{"class":94},[69,20028,14487],{"class":336},[69,20030,333],{"class":94},[69,20032,221],{"class":83},[14,20034,20035],{},"The difference is important.",[1369,20037,20039],{"id":20038},"square-brackets","Square brackets",[14,20041,20042,20043,25],{},"Square brackets are strict. If the key is missing, Python raises a ",[17,20044,19337],{},[60,20046,20048],{"className":62,"code":20047,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data[\"name\"])   # Ana\nprint(data[\"city\"])   # KeyError\n",[17,20049,20050,20074,20078,20100],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,20051,20052,20054,20056,20058,20060,20062,20064,20066,20068,20070,20072],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,20053,8801],{"class":75},[69,20055,80],{"class":79},[69,20057,10128],{"class":83},[69,20059,333],{"class":94},[69,20061,7297],{"class":336},[69,20063,333],{"class":94},[69,20065,1044],{"class":83},[69,20067,964],{"class":94},[69,20069,12524],{"class":336},[69,20071,333],{"class":94},[69,20073,8945],{"class":83},[69,20075,20076],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,20077,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,20079,20080,20082,20084,20086,20088,20090,20092,20094,20097],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,20081,110],{"class":109},[69,20083,113],{"class":83},[69,20085,8840],{"class":121},[69,20087,3739],{"class":83},[69,20089,333],{"class":94},[69,20091,7297],{"class":336},[69,20093,333],{"class":94},[69,20095,20096],{"class":83},"])",[69,20098,20099],{"class":128},"   # Ana\n",[69,20101,20102,20104,20106,20108,20110,20112,20114,20116,20118],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,20103,110],{"class":109},[69,20105,113],{"class":83},[69,20107,8840],{"class":121},[69,20109,3739],{"class":83},[69,20111,333],{"class":94},[69,20113,10046],{"class":336},[69,20115,333],{"class":94},[69,20117,20096],{"class":83},[69,20119,20120],{"class":128},"   # KeyError\n",[1369,20122,20123],{"id":19400},[17,20124,10378],{},[14,20126,20127,20129],{},[17,20128,10378],{}," is safe for missing keys.",[60,20131,20133],{"className":62,"code":20132,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data.get(\"name\"))   # Ana\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))   # None\n",[17,20134,20135,20159,20163,20187],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,20136,20137,20139,20141,20143,20145,20147,20149,20151,20153,20155,20157],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,20138,8801],{"class":75},[69,20140,80],{"class":79},[69,20142,10128],{"class":83},[69,20144,333],{"class":94},[69,20146,7297],{"class":336},[69,20148,333],{"class":94},[69,20150,1044],{"class":83},[69,20152,964],{"class":94},[69,20154,12524],{"class":336},[69,20156,333],{"class":94},[69,20158,8945],{"class":83},[69,20160,20161],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,20162,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,20164,20165,20167,20169,20171,20173,20175,20177,20179,20181,20183,20185],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,20166,110],{"class":109},[69,20168,113],{"class":83},[69,20170,8840],{"class":121},[69,20172,25],{"class":83},[69,20174,19400],{"class":121},[69,20176,113],{"class":83},[69,20178,333],{"class":94},[69,20180,7297],{"class":336},[69,20182,333],{"class":94},[69,20184,125],{"class":83},[69,20186,20099],{"class":128},[69,20188,20189,20191,20193,20195,20197,20199,20201,20203,20205,20207,20209],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,20190,110],{"class":109},[69,20192,113],{"class":83},[69,20194,8840],{"class":121},[69,20196,25],{"class":83},[69,20198,19400],{"class":121},[69,20200,113],{"class":83},[69,20202,333],{"class":94},[69,20204,10046],{"class":336},[69,20206,333],{"class":94},[69,20208,125],{"class":83},[69,20210,20211],{"class":128},"   # None\n",[14,20213,18344],{},[30,20215,20216,20222],{},[33,20217,20218,20219],{},"Square brackets when the key ",[22,20220,20221],{},"must exist",[33,20223,20224,20226,20227],{},[17,20225,10378],{}," when the key is ",[22,20228,20229],{},"optional",[14,20231,20232,20233,25],{},"If you are seeing crashes from missing keys, read ",[192,20234,10902],{"href":10713},[141,20236,20238],{"id":20237},"using-a-default-value","Using a default value",[14,20240,20241,20242,20244],{},"You can pass a second argument to ",[17,20243,10378],{}," to choose what should be returned if the key is missing.",[60,20246,20248],{"className":62,"code":20247,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"profile = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(profile.get(\"country\", \"Unknown\"))  # Unknown\n",[17,20249,20250,20275,20279],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,20251,20252,20255,20257,20259,20261,20263,20265,20267,20269,20271,20273],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,20253,20254],{"class":75},"profile ",[69,20256,80],{"class":79},[69,20258,10128],{"class":83},[69,20260,333],{"class":94},[69,20262,7297],{"class":336},[69,20264,333],{"class":94},[69,20266,1044],{"class":83},[69,20268,964],{"class":94},[69,20270,7552],{"class":336},[69,20272,333],{"class":94},[69,20274,8945],{"class":83},[69,20276,20277],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,20278,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,20280,20281,20283,20285,20288,20290,20292,20294,20296,20298,20300,20302,20304,20307,20309,20311],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,20282,110],{"class":109},[69,20284,113],{"class":83},[69,20286,20287],{"class":121},"profile",[69,20289,25],{"class":83},[69,20291,19400],{"class":121},[69,20293,113],{"class":83},[69,20295,333],{"class":94},[69,20297,14908],{"class":336},[69,20299,333],{"class":94},[69,20301,91],{"class":83},[69,20303,964],{"class":94},[69,20305,20306],{"class":336},"Unknown",[69,20308,333],{"class":94},[69,20310,125],{"class":83},[69,20312,20313],{"class":128},"  # Unknown\n",[14,20315,20316],{},"This is useful for display text:",[30,20318,20319,20324,20329],{},[33,20320,20321],{},[17,20322,20323],{},"\"Unknown\"",[33,20325,20326],{},[17,20327,20328],{},"\"Not set\"",[33,20330,20331],{},[17,20332,20333],{},"\"N\u002FA\"",[14,20335,20336],{},"It is also useful in calculations:",[60,20338,20340],{"className":62,"code":20339,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"scores = {\"math\": 10, \"science\": 8}\n\ntotal_history = scores.get(\"history\", 0)\nprint(total_history)   # 0\n",[17,20341,20342,20374,20378,20405],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,20343,20344,20346,20348,20350,20352,20354,20356,20358,20360,20362,20364,20366,20368,20370,20372],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,20345,4891],{"class":75},[69,20347,80],{"class":79},[69,20349,10128],{"class":83},[69,20351,333],{"class":94},[69,20353,18066],{"class":336},[69,20355,333],{"class":94},[69,20357,1044],{"class":83},[69,20359,826],{"class":87},[69,20361,91],{"class":83},[69,20363,964],{"class":94},[69,20365,18075],{"class":336},[69,20367,333],{"class":94},[69,20369,1044],{"class":83},[69,20371,1200],{"class":87},[69,20373,8945],{"class":83},[69,20375,20376],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,20377,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,20379,20380,20383,20385,20387,20389,20391,20393,20395,20397,20399,20401,20403],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,20381,20382],{"class":75},"total_history ",[69,20384,80],{"class":79},[69,20386,4938],{"class":75},[69,20388,25],{"class":83},[69,20390,19400],{"class":121},[69,20392,113],{"class":83},[69,20394,333],{"class":94},[69,20396,18084],{"class":336},[69,20398,333],{"class":94},[69,20400,91],{"class":83},[69,20402,267],{"class":87},[69,20404,221],{"class":83},[69,20406,20407,20409,20411,20414,20416],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,20408,110],{"class":109},[69,20410,113],{"class":83},[69,20412,20413],{"class":121},"total_history",[69,20415,3525],{"class":83},[69,20417,20418],{"class":128},"   # 0\n",[14,20420,20421,20422,20424],{},"Here, ",[17,20423,88],{}," is a good default because the code expects a number.",[14,20426,20427],{},"Try to choose a default value that matches the type you expect:",[30,20429,20430,20433,20438,20443],{},[33,20431,20432],{},"Use a string for text",[33,20434,132,20435,20437],{},[17,20436,88],{}," for numbers",[33,20439,132,20440,20442],{},[17,20441,434],{}," for lists if needed",[33,20444,132,20445,20447],{},[17,20446,439],{}," for dictionaries if needed",[141,20449,20451],{"id":20450},"important-beginner-notes","Important beginner notes",[14,20453,20454,20455,25],{},"There are a few things beginners often miss about ",[17,20456,10378],{},[1369,20458,20460,20462],{"id":20459},"get-does-not-add-a-missing-key",[17,20461,10378],{}," does not add a missing key",[14,20464,20465,20466,20468],{},"This code does ",[22,20467,4457],{}," create a new key:",[60,20470,20472],{"className":62,"code":20471,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))  # None\nprint(person)              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[17,20473,20474,20498,20502,20527],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,20475,20476,20478,20480,20482,20484,20486,20488,20490,20492,20494,20496],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,20477,12849],{"class":75},[69,20479,80],{"class":79},[69,20481,10128],{"class":83},[69,20483,333],{"class":94},[69,20485,7297],{"class":336},[69,20487,333],{"class":94},[69,20489,1044],{"class":83},[69,20491,964],{"class":94},[69,20493,12524],{"class":336},[69,20495,333],{"class":94},[69,20497,8945],{"class":83},[69,20499,20500],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,20501,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,20503,20504,20506,20508,20510,20512,20514,20516,20518,20520,20522,20524],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,20505,110],{"class":109},[69,20507,113],{"class":83},[69,20509,16955],{"class":121},[69,20511,25],{"class":83},[69,20513,19400],{"class":121},[69,20515,113],{"class":83},[69,20517,333],{"class":94},[69,20519,10046],{"class":336},[69,20521,333],{"class":94},[69,20523,125],{"class":83},[69,20525,20526],{"class":128},"  # None\n",[69,20528,20529,20531,20533,20535,20537],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,20530,110],{"class":109},[69,20532,113],{"class":83},[69,20534,16955],{"class":121},[69,20536,3525],{"class":83},[69,20538,20539],{"class":128},"              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[14,20541,20542],{},"The dictionary stays the same.",[1369,20544,20546,20548],{"id":20545},"get-does-not-change-the-dictionary",[17,20547,10378],{}," does not change the dictionary",[14,20550,20551],{},"It only reads a value safely.",[60,20553,20555],{"className":62,"code":20554,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"settings = {\"mode\": \"light\"}\n\nsettings.get(\"theme\", \"dark\")\nprint(settings)   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[17,20556,20557,20583,20587,20613],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,20558,20559,20561,20563,20565,20567,20570,20572,20574,20576,20579,20581],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,20560,13471],{"class":75},[69,20562,80],{"class":79},[69,20564,10128],{"class":83},[69,20566,333],{"class":94},[69,20568,20569],{"class":336},"mode",[69,20571,333],{"class":94},[69,20573,1044],{"class":83},[69,20575,964],{"class":94},[69,20577,20578],{"class":336},"light",[69,20580,333],{"class":94},[69,20582,8945],{"class":83},[69,20584,20585],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,20586,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,20588,20589,20591,20593,20595,20597,20599,20601,20603,20605,20607,20609,20611],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,20590,13530],{"class":75},[69,20592,25],{"class":83},[69,20594,19400],{"class":121},[69,20596,113],{"class":83},[69,20598,333],{"class":94},[69,20600,12137],{"class":336},[69,20602,333],{"class":94},[69,20604,91],{"class":83},[69,20606,964],{"class":94},[69,20608,12146],{"class":336},[69,20610,333],{"class":94},[69,20612,221],{"class":83},[69,20614,20615,20617,20619,20621,20623],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,20616,110],{"class":109},[69,20618,113],{"class":83},[69,20620,13530],{"class":121},[69,20622,3525],{"class":83},[69,20624,20625],{"class":128},"   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[14,20627,20628,20629,20632],{},"Even though ",[17,20630,20631],{},"\"dark\""," was returned as a default, it was not saved into the dictionary.",[1369,20634,20636,20637],{"id":20635},"a-stored-value-can-also-be-none","A stored value can also be ",[17,20638,449],{},[14,20640,20641,20642,678,20644,20646],{},"Sometimes ",[17,20643,10378],{},[17,20645,449],{}," because:",[30,20648,20649,20652],{},[33,20650,20651],{},"The key is missing, or",[33,20653,20654,20655],{},"The key exists and its value is actually ",[17,20656,449],{},[14,20658,2076],{},[60,20660,20662],{"className":62,"code":20661,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(data.get(\"nickname\"))  # None\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))      # None\n",[17,20663,20664,20701,20705,20729],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,20665,20666,20668,20670,20672,20674,20676,20678,20680,20682,20684,20686,20688,20690,20693,20695,20697,20699],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,20667,8801],{"class":75},[69,20669,80],{"class":79},[69,20671,10128],{"class":83},[69,20673,333],{"class":94},[69,20675,7297],{"class":336},[69,20677,333],{"class":94},[69,20679,1044],{"class":83},[69,20681,964],{"class":94},[69,20683,12524],{"class":336},[69,20685,333],{"class":94},[69,20687,91],{"class":83},[69,20689,964],{"class":94},[69,20691,20692],{"class":336},"nickname",[69,20694,333],{"class":94},[69,20696,1044],{"class":83},[69,20698,567],{"class":289},[69,20700,8945],{"class":83},[69,20702,20703],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,20704,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,20706,20707,20709,20711,20713,20715,20717,20719,20721,20723,20725,20727],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,20708,110],{"class":109},[69,20710,113],{"class":83},[69,20712,8840],{"class":121},[69,20714,25],{"class":83},[69,20716,19400],{"class":121},[69,20718,113],{"class":83},[69,20720,333],{"class":94},[69,20722,20692],{"class":336},[69,20724,333],{"class":94},[69,20726,125],{"class":83},[69,20728,20526],{"class":128},[69,20730,20731,20733,20735,20737,20739,20741,20743,20745,20747,20749,20751],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,20732,110],{"class":109},[69,20734,113],{"class":83},[69,20736,8840],{"class":121},[69,20738,25],{"class":83},[69,20740,19400],{"class":121},[69,20742,113],{"class":83},[69,20744,333],{"class":94},[69,20746,10046],{"class":336},[69,20748,333],{"class":94},[69,20750,125],{"class":83},[69,20752,20753],{"class":128},"      # None\n",[14,20755,20756,20757,20759],{},"Both lines print ",[17,20758,449],{},", but they mean different things.",[14,20761,20762,20763,1044],{},"If you need to know whether the key exists, check with ",[17,20764,780],{},[60,20766,20768],{"className":62,"code":20767,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(\"nickname\" in data)  # True\nprint(\"city\" in data)      # False\n",[17,20769,20770,20806,20810,20831],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,20771,20772,20774,20776,20778,20780,20782,20784,20786,20788,20790,20792,20794,20796,20798,20800,20802,20804],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,20773,8801],{"class":75},[69,20775,80],{"class":79},[69,20777,10128],{"class":83},[69,20779,333],{"class":94},[69,20781,7297],{"class":336},[69,20783,333],{"class":94},[69,20785,1044],{"class":83},[69,20787,964],{"class":94},[69,20789,12524],{"class":336},[69,20791,333],{"class":94},[69,20793,91],{"class":83},[69,20795,964],{"class":94},[69,20797,20692],{"class":336},[69,20799,333],{"class":94},[69,20801,1044],{"class":83},[69,20803,567],{"class":289},[69,20805,8945],{"class":83},[69,20807,20808],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,20809,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,20811,20812,20814,20816,20818,20820,20822,20825,20827,20829],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,20813,110],{"class":109},[69,20815,113],{"class":83},[69,20817,333],{"class":94},[69,20819,20692],{"class":336},[69,20821,333],{"class":94},[69,20823,20824],{"class":773}," in",[69,20826,14212],{"class":121},[69,20828,3525],{"class":83},[69,20830,129],{"class":128},[69,20832,20833,20835,20837,20839,20841,20843,20845,20847,20849],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,20834,110],{"class":109},[69,20836,113],{"class":83},[69,20838,333],{"class":94},[69,20840,10046],{"class":336},[69,20842,333],{"class":94},[69,20844,20824],{"class":773},[69,20846,14212],{"class":121},[69,20848,3525],{"class":83},[69,20850,20851],{"class":128},"      # False\n",[14,20853,20854,20855,25],{},"For a full beginner guide, see ",[192,20856,20857],{"href":16801},"how to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[141,20859,2698],{"id":2697},[14,20861,20862,20863,1044],{},"Here are some common problems when using ",[17,20864,10378],{},[30,20866,20867,20872,20879,20884],{},[33,20868,20869,20870],{},"Using square brackets for optional keys and getting a ",[17,20871,19337],{},[33,20873,4530,20874,678,20876,20878],{},[17,20875,10378],{},[17,20877,449],{}," if no default is provided",[33,20880,4406,20881,20883],{},[17,20882,10378],{}," creates a key automatically",[33,20885,20886],{},"Using a default value of the wrong type",[14,20888,20889],{},"Debugging steps that help:",[60,20891,20893],{"className":62,"code":20892,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.get('name'))\nprint(type(my_dict.get('name')))\n",[17,20894,20895,20905,20919,20937,20959],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,20896,20897,20899,20901,20903],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,20898,110],{"class":109},[69,20900,113],{"class":83},[69,20902,11090],{"class":121},[69,20904,221],{"class":83},[69,20906,20907,20909,20911,20913,20915,20917],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,20908,110],{"class":109},[69,20910,113],{"class":83},[69,20912,11090],{"class":121},[69,20914,25],{"class":83},[69,20916,16571],{"class":121},[69,20918,6822],{"class":83},[69,20920,20921,20923,20925,20927,20929,20931,20933,20935],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,20922,110],{"class":109},[69,20924,113],{"class":83},[69,20926,488],{"class":94},[69,20928,7297],{"class":336},[69,20930,488],{"class":94},[69,20932,20824],{"class":773},[69,20934,11408],{"class":121},[69,20936,221],{"class":83},[69,20938,20939,20941,20943,20945,20947,20949,20951,20953,20955,20957],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,20940,110],{"class":109},[69,20942,113],{"class":83},[69,20944,11090],{"class":121},[69,20946,25],{"class":83},[69,20948,19400],{"class":121},[69,20950,113],{"class":83},[69,20952,488],{"class":94},[69,20954,7297],{"class":336},[69,20956,488],{"class":94},[69,20958,342],{"class":83},[69,20960,20961,20963,20965,20967,20969,20971,20973,20975,20977,20979,20981,20983],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,20962,110],{"class":109},[69,20964,113],{"class":83},[69,20966,3087],{"class":1126},[69,20968,113],{"class":83},[69,20970,11090],{"class":121},[69,20972,25],{"class":83},[69,20974,19400],{"class":121},[69,20976,113],{"class":83},[69,20978,488],{"class":94},[69,20980,7297],{"class":336},[69,20982,488],{"class":94},[69,20984,297],{"class":83},[14,20986,20987],{},"What these checks tell you:",[30,20989,20990,20995,21001,21007,21013],{},[33,20991,20992,20994],{},[17,20993,12322],{}," shows the full dictionary",[33,20996,20997,21000],{},[17,20998,20999],{},"print(my_dict.keys())"," shows which keys exist",[33,21002,21003,21006],{},[17,21004,21005],{},"print('name' in my_dict)"," checks if a specific key exists",[33,21008,21009,21012],{},[17,21010,21011],{},"print(my_dict.get('name'))"," shows the returned value",[33,21014,21015,21018],{},[17,21016,21017],{},"print(type(my_dict.get('name')))"," shows the value type",[14,21020,21021,21022,587,21027,21031],{},"You may also want to learn about ",[192,21023,21024,21025,10379],{"href":16710},"the dictionary ",[17,21026,16713],{},[192,21028,21024,21029,10379],{"href":16723},[17,21030,16726],{}," when inspecting dictionary contents.",[141,21033,1651],{"id":1650},[1369,21035,12347,21037,21039,21040,2359],{"id":21036},"does-get-raise-keyerror",[17,21038,10378],{}," raise ",[17,21041,19337],{},[14,21043,21044,21045,21047],{},"No. If the key is missing, it returns ",[17,21046,449],{}," or the default value you provide.",[1369,21049,12347,21051,21053],{"id":21050},"does-get-add-a-key-to-the-dictionary",[17,21052,10378],{}," add a key to the dictionary?",[14,21055,21056],{},"No. It only reads a value safely.",[1369,21058,21060,21061,2359],{"id":21059},"what-is-the-default-return-value-of-get","What is the default return value of ",[17,21062,10378],{},[14,21064,21065,21067],{},[17,21066,449],{},", unless you pass a second argument.",[1369,21069,21071,21072,21074],{"id":21070},"should-i-use-get-or-square-brackets","Should I use ",[17,21073,10378],{}," or square brackets?",[14,21076,132,21077,21079],{},[17,21078,10378],{}," for optional keys. Use square brackets when the key must exist.",[141,21081,1771],{"id":1770},[30,21083,21084,21088,21094,21100,21104,21109],{},[33,21085,21086],{},[192,21087,8791],{"href":8790},[33,21089,21090],{},[192,21091,10375,21092,10379],{"href":16710},[17,21093,16713],{},[33,21095,21096],{},[192,21097,10375,21098,10379],{"href":16723},[17,21099,16726],{},[33,21101,21102],{},[192,21103,16802],{"href":16801},[33,21105,21106],{},[192,21107,21108],{"href":16244},"How to access values in a dictionary in Python",[33,21110,21111],{},[192,21112,10902],{"href":10713},[1802,21114,21115],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":21117},[21118,21120,21121,21123,21128,21129,21137,21138,21148],{"id":19482,"depth":106,"text":21119},"What get() does",{"id":2023,"depth":106,"text":2024},{"id":19817,"depth":106,"text":21122},"When to use get()",{"id":19989,"depth":106,"text":21124,"children":21125},"get() vs square brackets",[21126,21127],{"id":20038,"depth":300,"text":20039},{"id":19400,"depth":300,"text":10378},{"id":20237,"depth":106,"text":20238},{"id":20450,"depth":106,"text":20451,"children":21130},[21131,21133,21135],{"id":20459,"depth":300,"text":21132},"get() does not add a missing key",{"id":20545,"depth":300,"text":21134},"get() does not change the dictionary",{"id":20635,"depth":300,"text":21136},"A stored value can also be None",{"id":2697,"depth":106,"text":2698},{"id":1650,"depth":106,"text":1651,"children":21139},[21140,21142,21144,21146],{"id":21036,"depth":300,"text":21141},"Does get() raise KeyError?",{"id":21050,"depth":300,"text":21143},"Does get() add a key to the dictionary?",{"id":21059,"depth":300,"text":21145},"What is the default return value of get()?",{"id":21070,"depth":300,"text":21147},"Should I use get() or square brackets?",{"id":1770,"depth":106,"text":1771},"Master python dictionary get method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method",{"title":19318,"description":21149},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method","nLl6HZ6KZg7GUYDF-4amCD2Q5QTayzRXFN3p-YK5PQI",{"id":21156,"title":21157,"body":21158,"description":23715,"extension":1828,"meta":23716,"navigation":833,"path":23717,"seo":23718,"stem":23719,"__hash__":23720},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method.md","Python Dictionary items() Method",{"type":7,"value":21159,"toc":23681},[21160,21165,21171,21177,21179,21261,21265,21282,21287,21292,21297,21299,21313,21315,21378,21382,21422,21430,21432,21434,21449,21452,21465,21467,21546,21550,21616,21618,21622,21630,21632,21643,21645,21755,21759,21838,21844,21850,21855,21968,21972,22004,22007,22114,22120,22127,22131,22134,22237,22241,22302,22305,22308,22319,22328,22331,22348,22350,22449,22453,22528,22531,22554,22559,22564,22581,22583,22704,22708,22742,22744,22749,22756,22766,22768,22846,22849,22920,22930,22933,22965,22968,23007,23013,23020,23023,23114,23118,23199,23205,23208,23211,23316,23319,23322,23444,23448,23451,23518,23522,23559,23565,23567,23573,23578,23584,23591,23597,23600,23639,23645,23648,23650,23678],[10,21161,10958,21163,10962],{"id":21162},"python-dictionary-items-method",[17,21164,16726],{},[14,21166,1845,21167,21170],{},[17,21168,21169],{},"dict.items()"," method lets you get both the keys and values from a dictionary at the same time.",[14,21172,21173,21174,21176],{},"Beginners usually use it when looping through a dictionary. Instead of getting a key first and then looking up its value, ",[17,21175,16726],{}," gives you each key-value pair together.",[141,21178,1870],{"id":1869},[60,21180,21182],{"className":62,"code":21181,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[17,21183,21184,21220,21224,21247],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,21185,21186,21188,21190,21192,21194,21196,21198,21200,21202,21204,21206,21208,21210,21212,21214,21216,21218],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,21187,12849],{"class":75},[69,21189,80],{"class":79},[69,21191,10128],{"class":83},[69,21193,333],{"class":94},[69,21195,7297],{"class":336},[69,21197,333],{"class":94},[69,21199,1044],{"class":83},[69,21201,964],{"class":94},[69,21203,12524],{"class":336},[69,21205,333],{"class":94},[69,21207,91],{"class":83},[69,21209,964],{"class":94},[69,21211,8935],{"class":336},[69,21213,333],{"class":94},[69,21215,1044],{"class":83},[69,21217,8942],{"class":87},[69,21219,8945],{"class":83},[69,21221,21222],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,21223,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,21225,21226,21228,21231,21233,21236,21238,21240,21242,21244],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,21227,774],{"class":773},[69,21229,21230],{"class":75}," key",[69,21232,91],{"class":83},[69,21234,21235],{"class":75}," value ",[69,21237,780],{"class":773},[69,21239,12892],{"class":75},[69,21241,25],{"class":83},[69,21243,7440],{"class":121},[69,21245,21246],{"class":83},"():\n",[69,21248,21249,21251,21253,21255,21257,21259],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,21250,7700],{"class":109},[69,21252,113],{"class":83},[69,21254,14487],{"class":121},[69,21256,91],{"class":83},[69,21258,8066],{"class":121},[69,21260,221],{"class":83},[14,21262,21263],{},[22,21264,643],{},[60,21266,21268],{"className":62,"code":21267,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"name Ana\nage 25\n",[17,21269,21270,21275],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,21271,21272],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,21273,21274],{"class":75},"name Ana\n",[69,21276,21277,21280],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,21278,21279],{"class":75},"age ",[69,21281,2576],{"class":87},[14,21283,132,21284,21286],{},[17,21285,16726],{}," when you need both the dictionary key and its value in the same loop.",[141,21288,3540,21290,3543],{"id":21289},"what-items-does",[17,21291,16726],{},[14,21293,21294,21296],{},[17,21295,16726],{}," returns all key-value pairs from a dictionary.",[14,21298,11099],{},[30,21300,21301,21307,21310],{},[33,21302,21303,21304],{},"Each result is a pair in the form ",[17,21305,21306],{},"(key, value)",[33,21308,21309],{},"Each pair is a tuple",[33,21311,21312],{},"The most common use is looping through a dictionary",[14,21314,2076],{},[60,21316,21318],{"className":62,"code":21317,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[17,21319,21320,21356,21360],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,21321,21322,21324,21326,21328,21330,21332,21334,21336,21338,21340,21342,21344,21346,21348,21350,21352,21354],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,21323,12849],{"class":75},[69,21325,80],{"class":79},[69,21327,10128],{"class":83},[69,21329,333],{"class":94},[69,21331,7297],{"class":336},[69,21333,333],{"class":94},[69,21335,1044],{"class":83},[69,21337,964],{"class":94},[69,21339,12524],{"class":336},[69,21341,333],{"class":94},[69,21343,91],{"class":83},[69,21345,964],{"class":94},[69,21347,8935],{"class":336},[69,21349,333],{"class":94},[69,21351,1044],{"class":83},[69,21353,8942],{"class":87},[69,21355,8945],{"class":83},[69,21357,21358],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,21359,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,21361,21362,21364,21366,21368,21370,21372,21374,21376],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,21363,110],{"class":109},[69,21365,113],{"class":83},[69,21367,7725],{"class":1126},[69,21369,113],{"class":83},[69,21371,16955],{"class":121},[69,21373,25],{"class":83},[69,21375,7440],{"class":121},[69,21377,1130],{"class":83},[14,21379,21380],{},[22,21381,643],{},[60,21383,21385],{"className":62,"code":21384,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[17,21386,21387],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,21388,21389,21392,21394,21396,21398,21400,21402,21404,21406,21408,21410,21412,21414,21416,21418,21420],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,21390,21391],{"class":83},"[(",[69,21393,488],{"class":94},[69,21395,7297],{"class":336},[69,21397,488],{"class":94},[69,21399,91],{"class":83},[69,21401,3161],{"class":94},[69,21403,12524],{"class":336},[69,21405,488],{"class":94},[69,21407,8869],{"class":83},[69,21409,8872],{"class":83},[69,21411,488],{"class":94},[69,21413,8935],{"class":336},[69,21415,488],{"class":94},[69,21417,91],{"class":83},[69,21419,8942],{"class":87},[69,21421,8885],{"class":83},[14,21423,21424,21425,54,21427,25],{},"If you are still learning dictionaries, see ",[192,21426,8791],{"href":12667},[192,21428,14671],{"href":21429},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python",[141,21431,2024],{"id":2023},[14,21433,204],{},[60,21435,21437],{"className":62,"code":21436,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_dict.items()\n",[17,21438,21439],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,21440,21441,21443,21445,21447],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,21442,11090],{"class":75},[69,21444,25],{"class":83},[69,21446,7440],{"class":121},[69,21448,8277],{"class":83},[14,21450,21451],{},"Things to remember:",[30,21453,21454,21459,21462],{},[33,21455,21456,21458],{},[17,21457,16726],{}," does not take any arguments",[33,21460,21461],{},"It does not change the original dictionary",[33,21463,21464],{},"It gives you a way to access key-value pairs",[14,21466,2076],{},[60,21468,21470],{"className":62,"code":21469,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"scores = {\"Alice\": 90, \"Bob\": 85}\n\nresult = scores.items()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(scores)\n",[17,21471,21472,21504,21508,21522,21526,21536],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,21473,21474,21476,21478,21480,21482,21484,21486,21488,21490,21492,21494,21496,21498,21500,21502],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,21475,4891],{"class":75},[69,21477,80],{"class":79},[69,21479,10128],{"class":83},[69,21481,333],{"class":94},[69,21483,4831],{"class":336},[69,21485,333],{"class":94},[69,21487,1044],{"class":83},[69,21489,19548],{"class":87},[69,21491,91],{"class":83},[69,21493,964],{"class":94},[69,21495,4840],{"class":336},[69,21497,333],{"class":94},[69,21499,1044],{"class":83},[69,21501,13152],{"class":87},[69,21503,8945],{"class":83},[69,21505,21506],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,21507,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,21509,21510,21512,21514,21516,21518,21520],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,21511,839],{"class":75},[69,21513,80],{"class":79},[69,21515,4938],{"class":75},[69,21517,25],{"class":83},[69,21519,7440],{"class":121},[69,21521,8277],{"class":83},[69,21523,21524],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,21525,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,21527,21528,21530,21532,21534],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,21529,110],{"class":109},[69,21531,113],{"class":83},[69,21533,876],{"class":121},[69,21535,221],{"class":83},[69,21537,21538,21540,21542,21544],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,21539,110],{"class":109},[69,21541,113],{"class":83},[69,21543,16036],{"class":121},[69,21545,221],{"class":83},[14,21547,21548],{},[22,21549,643],{},[60,21551,21553],{"className":62,"code":21552,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"dict_items([('Alice', 90), ('Bob', 85)])\n{'Alice': 90, 'Bob': 85}\n",[17,21554,21555,21588],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,21556,21557,21560,21562,21564,21566,21568,21570,21572,21574,21576,21578,21580,21582,21584,21586],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,21558,21559],{"class":121},"dict_items",[69,21561,9294],{"class":83},[69,21563,488],{"class":94},[69,21565,4831],{"class":336},[69,21567,488],{"class":94},[69,21569,91],{"class":83},[69,21571,19548],{"class":87},[69,21573,8869],{"class":83},[69,21575,8872],{"class":83},[69,21577,488],{"class":94},[69,21579,4840],{"class":336},[69,21581,488],{"class":94},[69,21583,91],{"class":83},[69,21585,13152],{"class":87},[69,21587,10317],{"class":83},[69,21589,21590,21592,21594,21596,21598,21600,21602,21604,21606,21608,21610,21612,21614],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,21591,8914],{"class":83},[69,21593,488],{"class":94},[69,21595,4831],{"class":336},[69,21597,488],{"class":94},[69,21599,1044],{"class":83},[69,21601,19548],{"class":87},[69,21603,91],{"class":83},[69,21605,3161],{"class":94},[69,21607,4840],{"class":336},[69,21609,488],{"class":94},[69,21611,1044],{"class":83},[69,21613,13152],{"class":87},[69,21615,8945],{"class":83},[14,21617,20542],{},[141,21619,21621],{"id":21620},"what-it-returns","What it returns",[14,21623,21624,21626,21627,21629],{},[17,21625,16726],{}," returns a ",[17,21628,21559],{}," view object.",[14,21631,1974],{},[30,21633,21634,21637,21640],{},[33,21635,21636],{},"You can loop over it",[33,21638,21639],{},"You can convert it to a list if needed",[33,21641,21642],{},"It reflects changes made to the dictionary",[14,21644,2076],{},[60,21646,21648],{"className":62,"code":21647,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\npairs = data.items()\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n\ndata[\"z\"] = 3\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[17,21649,21650,21682,21696,21700,21714,21718,21737,21741],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,21651,21652,21654,21656,21658,21660,21662,21664,21666,21668,21670,21672,21674,21676,21678,21680],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,21653,8801],{"class":75},[69,21655,80],{"class":79},[69,21657,10128],{"class":83},[69,21659,333],{"class":94},[69,21661,2041],{"class":336},[69,21663,333],{"class":94},[69,21665,1044],{"class":83},[69,21667,272],{"class":87},[69,21669,91],{"class":83},[69,21671,964],{"class":94},[69,21673,11387],{"class":336},[69,21675,333],{"class":94},[69,21677,1044],{"class":83},[69,21679,316],{"class":87},[69,21681,8945],{"class":83},[69,21683,21684,21686,21688,21690,21692,21694],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,21685,8851],{"class":75},[69,21687,80],{"class":79},[69,21689,14212],{"class":75},[69,21691,25],{"class":83},[69,21693,7440],{"class":121},[69,21695,8277],{"class":83},[69,21697,21698],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,21699,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,21701,21702,21704,21706,21708,21710,21712],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,21703,110],{"class":109},[69,21705,113],{"class":83},[69,21707,7725],{"class":1126},[69,21709,113],{"class":83},[69,21711,8898],{"class":121},[69,21713,342],{"class":83},[69,21715,21716],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,21717,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,21719,21720,21722,21724,21726,21729,21731,21733,21735],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,21721,8840],{"class":75},[69,21723,3739],{"class":83},[69,21725,333],{"class":94},[69,21727,21728],{"class":336},"z",[69,21730,333],{"class":94},[69,21732,12918],{"class":83},[69,21734,12921],{"class":79},[69,21736,2444],{"class":87},[69,21738,21739],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,21740,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,21742,21743,21745,21747,21749,21751,21753],{"class":71,"line":1269},[69,21744,110],{"class":109},[69,21746,113],{"class":83},[69,21748,7725],{"class":1126},[69,21750,113],{"class":83},[69,21752,8898],{"class":121},[69,21754,342],{"class":83},[14,21756,21757],{},[22,21758,643],{},[60,21760,21762],{"className":62,"code":21761,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[('x', 1), ('y', 2)]\n[('x', 1), ('y', 2), ('z', 3)]\n",[17,21763,21764,21794],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,21765,21766,21768,21770,21772,21774,21776,21778,21780,21782,21784,21786,21788,21790,21792],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,21767,21391],{"class":83},[69,21769,488],{"class":94},[69,21771,2041],{"class":336},[69,21773,488],{"class":94},[69,21775,91],{"class":83},[69,21777,272],{"class":87},[69,21779,8869],{"class":83},[69,21781,8872],{"class":83},[69,21783,488],{"class":94},[69,21785,11387],{"class":336},[69,21787,488],{"class":94},[69,21789,91],{"class":83},[69,21791,316],{"class":87},[69,21793,8885],{"class":83},[69,21795,21796,21798,21800,21802,21804,21806,21808,21810,21812,21814,21816,21818,21820,21822,21824,21826,21828,21830,21832,21834,21836],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,21797,21391],{"class":83},[69,21799,488],{"class":94},[69,21801,2041],{"class":336},[69,21803,488],{"class":94},[69,21805,91],{"class":83},[69,21807,272],{"class":87},[69,21809,8869],{"class":83},[69,21811,8872],{"class":83},[69,21813,488],{"class":94},[69,21815,11387],{"class":336},[69,21817,488],{"class":94},[69,21819,91],{"class":83},[69,21821,316],{"class":87},[69,21823,8869],{"class":83},[69,21825,8872],{"class":83},[69,21827,488],{"class":94},[69,21829,21728],{"class":336},[69,21831,488],{"class":94},[69,21833,91],{"class":83},[69,21835,516],{"class":87},[69,21837,8885],{"class":83},[14,21839,21840,21841,21843],{},"This happens because ",[17,21842,8898],{}," is a view of the dictionary data, not a separate copied list.",[141,21845,21847,21848],{"id":21846},"looping-with-items","Looping with ",[17,21849,16726],{},[14,21851,21852,21853,1044],{},"This is the most common way beginners use ",[17,21854,16726],{},[60,21856,21858],{"className":62,"code":21857,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key, value in student.items():\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[17,21859,21860,21913,21917,21937],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,21861,21862,21864,21866,21868,21870,21872,21874,21876,21878,21880,21882,21884,21886,21888,21890,21892,21894,21897,21899,21901,21903,21905,21907,21909,21911],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,21863,12507],{"class":75},[69,21865,80],{"class":79},[69,21867,10128],{"class":83},[69,21869,333],{"class":94},[69,21871,7297],{"class":336},[69,21873,333],{"class":94},[69,21875,1044],{"class":83},[69,21877,964],{"class":94},[69,21879,7552],{"class":336},[69,21881,333],{"class":94},[69,21883,91],{"class":83},[69,21885,964],{"class":94},[69,21887,19541],{"class":336},[69,21889,333],{"class":94},[69,21891,1044],{"class":83},[69,21893,964],{"class":94},[69,21895,21896],{"class":336},"A",[69,21898,333],{"class":94},[69,21900,91],{"class":83},[69,21902,964],{"class":94},[69,21904,8935],{"class":336},[69,21906,333],{"class":94},[69,21908,1044],{"class":83},[69,21910,13503],{"class":87},[69,21912,8945],{"class":83},[69,21914,21915],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,21916,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,21918,21919,21921,21923,21925,21927,21929,21931,21933,21935],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,21920,774],{"class":773},[69,21922,21230],{"class":75},[69,21924,91],{"class":83},[69,21926,21235],{"class":75},[69,21928,780],{"class":773},[69,21930,12550],{"class":75},[69,21932,25],{"class":83},[69,21934,7440],{"class":121},[69,21936,21246],{"class":83},[69,21938,21939,21941,21943,21946,21948,21950,21952,21955,21958,21960,21962,21964,21966],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,21940,7700],{"class":109},[69,21942,113],{"class":83},[69,21944,21945],{"class":1932},"f",[69,21947,333],{"class":336},[69,21949,8914],{"class":87},[69,21951,14487],{"class":121},[69,21953,21954],{"class":87},"}",[69,21956,21957],{"class":336},": ",[69,21959,8914],{"class":87},[69,21961,2339],{"class":121},[69,21963,21954],{"class":87},[69,21965,333],{"class":336},[69,21967,221],{"class":83},[14,21969,21970],{},[22,21971,643],{},[60,21973,21975],{"className":62,"code":21974,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"name: Mia\ngrade: A\nage: 14\n",[17,21976,21977,21986,21995],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,21978,21979,21981,21983],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,21980,7297],{"class":75},[69,21982,1044],{"class":83},[69,21984,21985],{"class":75}," Mia\n",[69,21987,21988,21990,21992],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,21989,19541],{"class":75},[69,21991,1044],{"class":83},[69,21993,21994],{"class":75}," A\n",[69,21996,21997,21999,22001],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,21998,8935],{"class":75},[69,22000,1044],{"class":83},[69,22002,22003],{"class":87}," 14\n",[14,22005,22006],{},"This pattern is clearer than looping through keys and then looking up each value:",[60,22008,22010],{"className":62,"code":22009,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key in student:\n    print(f\"{key}: {student[key]}\")\n",[17,22011,22012,22064,22068,22080],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,22013,22014,22016,22018,22020,22022,22024,22026,22028,22030,22032,22034,22036,22038,22040,22042,22044,22046,22048,22050,22052,22054,22056,22058,22060,22062],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,22015,12507],{"class":75},[69,22017,80],{"class":79},[69,22019,10128],{"class":83},[69,22021,333],{"class":94},[69,22023,7297],{"class":336},[69,22025,333],{"class":94},[69,22027,1044],{"class":83},[69,22029,964],{"class":94},[69,22031,7552],{"class":336},[69,22033,333],{"class":94},[69,22035,91],{"class":83},[69,22037,964],{"class":94},[69,22039,19541],{"class":336},[69,22041,333],{"class":94},[69,22043,1044],{"class":83},[69,22045,964],{"class":94},[69,22047,21896],{"class":336},[69,22049,333],{"class":94},[69,22051,91],{"class":83},[69,22053,964],{"class":94},[69,22055,8935],{"class":336},[69,22057,333],{"class":94},[69,22059,1044],{"class":83},[69,22061,13503],{"class":87},[69,22063,8945],{"class":83},[69,22065,22066],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,22067,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,22069,22070,22072,22074,22076,22078],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,22071,774],{"class":773},[69,22073,17858],{"class":75},[69,22075,780],{"class":773},[69,22077,12550],{"class":75},[69,22079,1235],{"class":83},[69,22081,22082,22084,22086,22088,22090,22092,22094,22096,22098,22100,22102,22104,22106,22108,22110,22112],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,22083,7700],{"class":109},[69,22085,113],{"class":83},[69,22087,21945],{"class":1932},[69,22089,333],{"class":336},[69,22091,8914],{"class":87},[69,22093,14487],{"class":121},[69,22095,21954],{"class":87},[69,22097,21957],{"class":336},[69,22099,8914],{"class":87},[69,22101,13271],{"class":121},[69,22103,3739],{"class":83},[69,22105,14487],{"class":121},[69,22107,12918],{"class":83},[69,22109,21954],{"class":87},[69,22111,333],{"class":336},[69,22113,221],{"class":83},[14,22115,1355,22116,22119],{},[17,22117,22118],{},"for key, value in student.items()"," is often easier to read when you need both parts.",[14,22121,22122,22123,25],{},"For a full guide, see ",[192,22124,22126],{"href":22125},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python","how to loop through a dictionary in Python",[141,22128,22130],{"id":22129},"converting-the-result","Converting the result",[14,22132,22133],{},"If you want to see all pairs clearly, you can convert the result to a list:",[60,22135,22137],{"className":62,"code":22136,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"colors = {\"apple\": \"red\", \"banana\": \"yellow\", \"grape\": \"purple\"}\n\npairs_list = list(colors.items())\n\nprint(pairs_list)\n",[17,22138,22139,22198,22202,22222,22226],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,22140,22141,22143,22145,22147,22149,22151,22153,22155,22157,22159,22161,22163,22165,22167,22169,22171,22173,22176,22178,22180,22182,22185,22187,22189,22191,22194,22196],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,22142,12720],{"class":75},[69,22144,80],{"class":79},[69,22146,10128],{"class":83},[69,22148,333],{"class":94},[69,22150,952],{"class":336},[69,22152,333],{"class":94},[69,22154,1044],{"class":83},[69,22156,964],{"class":94},[69,22158,12737],{"class":336},[69,22160,333],{"class":94},[69,22162,91],{"class":83},[69,22164,964],{"class":94},[69,22166,967],{"class":336},[69,22168,333],{"class":94},[69,22170,1044],{"class":83},[69,22172,964],{"class":94},[69,22174,22175],{"class":336},"yellow",[69,22177,333],{"class":94},[69,22179,91],{"class":83},[69,22181,964],{"class":94},[69,22183,22184],{"class":336},"grape",[69,22186,333],{"class":94},[69,22188,1044],{"class":83},[69,22190,964],{"class":94},[69,22192,22193],{"class":336},"purple",[69,22195,333],{"class":94},[69,22197,8945],{"class":83},[69,22199,22200],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,22201,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,22203,22204,22207,22209,22212,22214,22216,22218,22220],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,22205,22206],{"class":75},"pairs_list ",[69,22208,80],{"class":79},[69,22210,22211],{"class":1126}," list",[69,22213,113],{"class":83},[69,22215,17151],{"class":121},[69,22217,25],{"class":83},[69,22219,7440],{"class":121},[69,22221,6822],{"class":83},[69,22223,22224],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,22225,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,22227,22228,22230,22232,22235],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,22229,110],{"class":109},[69,22231,113],{"class":83},[69,22233,22234],{"class":121},"pairs_list",[69,22236,221],{"class":83},[14,22238,22239],{},[22,22240,643],{},[60,22242,22244],{"className":62,"code":22243,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[('apple', 'red'), ('banana', 'yellow'), ('grape', 'purple')]\n",[17,22245,22246],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,22247,22248,22250,22252,22254,22256,22258,22260,22262,22264,22266,22268,22270,22272,22274,22276,22278,22280,22282,22284,22286,22288,22290,22292,22294,22296,22298,22300],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,22249,21391],{"class":83},[69,22251,488],{"class":94},[69,22253,952],{"class":336},[69,22255,488],{"class":94},[69,22257,91],{"class":83},[69,22259,3161],{"class":94},[69,22261,12737],{"class":336},[69,22263,488],{"class":94},[69,22265,8869],{"class":83},[69,22267,8872],{"class":83},[69,22269,488],{"class":94},[69,22271,967],{"class":336},[69,22273,488],{"class":94},[69,22275,91],{"class":83},[69,22277,3161],{"class":94},[69,22279,22175],{"class":336},[69,22281,488],{"class":94},[69,22283,8869],{"class":83},[69,22285,8872],{"class":83},[69,22287,488],{"class":94},[69,22289,22184],{"class":336},[69,22291,488],{"class":94},[69,22293,91],{"class":83},[69,22295,3161],{"class":94},[69,22297,22193],{"class":336},[69,22299,488],{"class":94},[69,22301,8885],{"class":83},[14,22303,22304],{},"This creates a list of tuples.",[14,22306,22307],{},"Use this when:",[30,22309,22310,22313,22316],{},[33,22311,22312],{},"You want clearer printed output",[33,22314,22315],{},"You need list behavior",[33,22317,22318],{},"You want to inspect all pairs at once",[141,22320,22322,10223,22324,10223,22326],{"id":22321},"items-vs-keys-vs-values",[17,22323,16726],{},[17,22325,16713],{},[17,22327,16719],{},[14,22329,22330],{},"Dictionary methods give different parts of the dictionary:",[30,22332,22333,22338,22343],{},[33,22334,22335,22337],{},[17,22336,16726],{}," gives both key and value",[33,22339,22340,22342],{},[17,22341,16713],{}," gives only keys",[33,22344,22345,22347],{},[17,22346,16719],{}," gives only values",[14,22349,2076],{},[60,22351,22353],{"className":62,"code":22352,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.keys()))\nprint(list(person.values()))\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[17,22354,22355,22391,22395,22413,22431],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,22356,22357,22359,22361,22363,22365,22367,22369,22371,22373,22375,22377,22379,22381,22383,22385,22387,22389],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,22358,12849],{"class":75},[69,22360,80],{"class":79},[69,22362,10128],{"class":83},[69,22364,333],{"class":94},[69,22366,7297],{"class":336},[69,22368,333],{"class":94},[69,22370,1044],{"class":83},[69,22372,964],{"class":94},[69,22374,12524],{"class":336},[69,22376,333],{"class":94},[69,22378,91],{"class":83},[69,22380,964],{"class":94},[69,22382,8935],{"class":336},[69,22384,333],{"class":94},[69,22386,1044],{"class":83},[69,22388,8942],{"class":87},[69,22390,8945],{"class":83},[69,22392,22393],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,22394,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,22396,22397,22399,22401,22403,22405,22407,22409,22411],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,22398,110],{"class":109},[69,22400,113],{"class":83},[69,22402,7725],{"class":1126},[69,22404,113],{"class":83},[69,22406,16955],{"class":121},[69,22408,25],{"class":83},[69,22410,16571],{"class":121},[69,22412,1130],{"class":83},[69,22414,22415,22417,22419,22421,22423,22425,22427,22429],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,22416,110],{"class":109},[69,22418,113],{"class":83},[69,22420,7725],{"class":1126},[69,22422,113],{"class":83},[69,22424,16955],{"class":121},[69,22426,25],{"class":83},[69,22428,122],{"class":121},[69,22430,1130],{"class":83},[69,22432,22433,22435,22437,22439,22441,22443,22445,22447],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,22434,110],{"class":109},[69,22436,113],{"class":83},[69,22438,7725],{"class":1126},[69,22440,113],{"class":83},[69,22442,16955],{"class":121},[69,22444,25],{"class":83},[69,22446,7440],{"class":121},[69,22448,1130],{"class":83},[14,22450,22451],{},[22,22452,643],{},[60,22454,22456],{"className":62,"code":22455,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['name', 'age']\n['Ana', 25]\n[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[17,22457,22458,22478,22494],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,22459,22460,22462,22464,22466,22468,22470,22472,22474,22476],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,22461,3739],{"class":83},[69,22463,488],{"class":94},[69,22465,7297],{"class":336},[69,22467,488],{"class":94},[69,22469,91],{"class":83},[69,22471,3161],{"class":94},[69,22473,8935],{"class":336},[69,22475,488],{"class":94},[69,22477,103],{"class":83},[69,22479,22480,22482,22484,22486,22488,22490,22492],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,22481,3739],{"class":83},[69,22483,488],{"class":94},[69,22485,12524],{"class":336},[69,22487,488],{"class":94},[69,22489,91],{"class":83},[69,22491,8942],{"class":87},[69,22493,103],{"class":83},[69,22495,22496,22498,22500,22502,22504,22506,22508,22510,22512,22514,22516,22518,22520,22522,22524,22526],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,22497,21391],{"class":83},[69,22499,488],{"class":94},[69,22501,7297],{"class":336},[69,22503,488],{"class":94},[69,22505,91],{"class":83},[69,22507,3161],{"class":94},[69,22509,12524],{"class":336},[69,22511,488],{"class":94},[69,22513,8869],{"class":83},[69,22515,8872],{"class":83},[69,22517,488],{"class":94},[69,22519,8935],{"class":336},[69,22521,488],{"class":94},[69,22523,91],{"class":83},[69,22525,8942],{"class":87},[69,22527,8885],{"class":83},[14,22529,22530],{},"Use the method that matches your task:",[30,22532,22533,22541,22549],{},[33,22534,22535,22536],{},"Need just keys? Use ",[192,22537,22539],{"href":22538},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method",[17,22540,16713],{},[33,22542,22543,22544],{},"Need just values? Use ",[192,22545,22547],{"href":22546},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method",[17,22548,16719],{},[33,22550,22551,22552],{},"Need both together? Use ",[17,22553,16726],{},[141,22555,4788,22557],{"id":22556},"when-to-use-items",[17,22558,16726],{},[14,22560,22561,22563],{},[17,22562,16726],{}," is useful for tasks like:",[30,22565,22566,22569,22572,22575,22578],{},[33,22567,22568],{},"Printing dictionary contents",[33,22570,22571],{},"Building formatted output",[33,22573,22574],{},"Looping through settings and values",[33,22576,22577],{},"Showing names with scores",[33,22579,22580],{},"Working with labels and their data",[14,22582,2076],{},[60,22584,22586],{"className":62,"code":22585,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"settings = {\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"language\": \"English\",\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\n\nfor setting, value in settings.items():\n    print(f\"{setting} = {value}\")\n",[17,22587,22588,22596,22614,22633,22645,22649,22653,22674],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,22589,22590,22592,22594],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,22591,13471],{"class":75},[69,22593,80],{"class":79},[69,22595,11134],{"class":83},[69,22597,22598,22600,22602,22604,22606,22608,22610,22612],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,22599,11139],{"class":94},[69,22601,12137],{"class":336},[69,22603,333],{"class":94},[69,22605,1044],{"class":83},[69,22607,964],{"class":94},[69,22609,12146],{"class":336},[69,22611,333],{"class":94},[69,22613,11155],{"class":83},[69,22615,22616,22618,22620,22622,22624,22626,22629,22631],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,22617,11139],{"class":94},[69,22619,19773],{"class":336},[69,22621,333],{"class":94},[69,22623,1044],{"class":83},[69,22625,964],{"class":94},[69,22627,22628],{"class":336},"English",[69,22630,333],{"class":94},[69,22632,11155],{"class":83},[69,22634,22635,22637,22639,22641,22643],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,22636,11139],{"class":94},[69,22638,18174],{"class":336},[69,22640,333],{"class":94},[69,22642,1044],{"class":83},[69,22644,1266],{"class":289},[69,22646,22647],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,22648,8945],{"class":83},[69,22650,22651],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,22652,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,22654,22655,22657,22660,22662,22664,22666,22668,22670,22672],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,22656,774],{"class":773},[69,22658,22659],{"class":75}," setting",[69,22661,91],{"class":83},[69,22663,21235],{"class":75},[69,22665,780],{"class":773},[69,22667,13515],{"class":75},[69,22669,25],{"class":83},[69,22671,7440],{"class":121},[69,22673,21246],{"class":83},[69,22675,22676,22678,22680,22682,22684,22686,22689,22691,22694,22696,22698,22700,22702],{"class":71,"line":1269},[69,22677,7700],{"class":109},[69,22679,113],{"class":83},[69,22681,21945],{"class":1932},[69,22683,333],{"class":336},[69,22685,8914],{"class":87},[69,22687,22688],{"class":121},"setting",[69,22690,21954],{"class":87},[69,22692,22693],{"class":336}," = ",[69,22695,8914],{"class":87},[69,22697,2339],{"class":121},[69,22699,21954],{"class":87},[69,22701,333],{"class":336},[69,22703,221],{"class":83},[14,22705,22706],{},[22,22707,643],{},[60,22709,22711],{"className":62,"code":22710,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"theme = dark\nlanguage = English\nnotifications = True\n",[17,22712,22713,22723,22733],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,22714,22715,22718,22720],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,22716,22717],{"class":75},"theme ",[69,22719,80],{"class":79},[69,22721,22722],{"class":75}," dark\n",[69,22724,22725,22728,22730],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,22726,22727],{"class":75},"language ",[69,22729,80],{"class":79},[69,22731,22732],{"class":75}," English\n",[69,22734,22735,22738,22740],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,22736,22737],{"class":75},"notifications ",[69,22739,80],{"class":79},[69,22741,1266],{"class":289},[141,22743,2698],{"id":2697},[14,22745,22746,22747,25],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[17,22748,16726],{},[1369,22750,22752,22753,22755],{"id":22751},"trying-to-unpack-items-incorrectly","Trying to unpack ",[17,22754,16726],{}," incorrectly",[14,22757,22758,22759,22761,22762,22765],{},"Each result from ",[17,22760,16726],{}," has ",[22,22763,22764],{},"two parts",": a key and a value.",[14,22767,1538],{},[60,22769,22770],{"className":62,"code":21181,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,22771,22772,22808,22812,22832],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,22773,22774,22776,22778,22780,22782,22784,22786,22788,22790,22792,22794,22796,22798,22800,22802,22804,22806],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,22775,12849],{"class":75},[69,22777,80],{"class":79},[69,22779,10128],{"class":83},[69,22781,333],{"class":94},[69,22783,7297],{"class":336},[69,22785,333],{"class":94},[69,22787,1044],{"class":83},[69,22789,964],{"class":94},[69,22791,12524],{"class":336},[69,22793,333],{"class":94},[69,22795,91],{"class":83},[69,22797,964],{"class":94},[69,22799,8935],{"class":336},[69,22801,333],{"class":94},[69,22803,1044],{"class":83},[69,22805,8942],{"class":87},[69,22807,8945],{"class":83},[69,22809,22810],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,22811,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,22813,22814,22816,22818,22820,22822,22824,22826,22828,22830],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,22815,774],{"class":773},[69,22817,21230],{"class":75},[69,22819,91],{"class":83},[69,22821,21235],{"class":75},[69,22823,780],{"class":773},[69,22825,12892],{"class":75},[69,22827,25],{"class":83},[69,22829,7440],{"class":121},[69,22831,21246],{"class":83},[69,22833,22834,22836,22838,22840,22842,22844],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,22835,7700],{"class":109},[69,22837,113],{"class":83},[69,22839,14487],{"class":121},[69,22841,91],{"class":83},[69,22843,8066],{"class":121},[69,22845,221],{"class":83},[14,22847,22848],{},"This is wrong because it tries to unpack into only one variable pattern:",[60,22850,22852],{"className":62,"code":22851,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key in person.items():\n    print(key)\n",[17,22853,22854,22890,22894,22910],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,22855,22856,22858,22860,22862,22864,22866,22868,22870,22872,22874,22876,22878,22880,22882,22884,22886,22888],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,22857,12849],{"class":75},[69,22859,80],{"class":79},[69,22861,10128],{"class":83},[69,22863,333],{"class":94},[69,22865,7297],{"class":336},[69,22867,333],{"class":94},[69,22869,1044],{"class":83},[69,22871,964],{"class":94},[69,22873,12524],{"class":336},[69,22875,333],{"class":94},[69,22877,91],{"class":83},[69,22879,964],{"class":94},[69,22881,8935],{"class":336},[69,22883,333],{"class":94},[69,22885,1044],{"class":83},[69,22887,8942],{"class":87},[69,22889,8945],{"class":83},[69,22891,22892],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,22893,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,22895,22896,22898,22900,22902,22904,22906,22908],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,22897,774],{"class":773},[69,22899,17858],{"class":75},[69,22901,780],{"class":773},[69,22903,12892],{"class":75},[69,22905,25],{"class":83},[69,22907,7440],{"class":121},[69,22909,21246],{"class":83},[69,22911,22912,22914,22916,22918],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,22913,7700],{"class":109},[69,22915,113],{"class":83},[69,22917,14487],{"class":121},[69,22919,221],{"class":83},[14,22921,22922,22923,22925,22926,22929],{},"This code is not an error, but ",[17,22924,14487],{}," is actually the full tuple, such as ",[17,22927,22928],{},"('name', 'Ana')",", not just the key.",[14,22931,22932],{},"If you want the full pair, use one variable:",[60,22934,22936],{"className":62,"code":22935,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"for item in person.items():\n    print(item)\n",[17,22937,22938,22954],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,22939,22940,22942,22944,22946,22948,22950,22952],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,22941,774],{"class":773},[69,22943,777],{"class":75},[69,22945,780],{"class":773},[69,22947,12892],{"class":75},[69,22949,25],{"class":83},[69,22951,7440],{"class":121},[69,22953,21246],{"class":83},[69,22955,22956,22958,22960,22963],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,22957,7700],{"class":109},[69,22959,113],{"class":83},[69,22961,22962],{"class":121},"item",[69,22964,221],{"class":83},[14,22966,22967],{},"If you want separate key and value, use two variables:",[60,22969,22971],{"className":62,"code":22970,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"for key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[17,22972,22973,22993],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,22974,22975,22977,22979,22981,22983,22985,22987,22989,22991],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,22976,774],{"class":773},[69,22978,21230],{"class":75},[69,22980,91],{"class":83},[69,22982,21235],{"class":75},[69,22984,780],{"class":773},[69,22986,12892],{"class":75},[69,22988,25],{"class":83},[69,22990,7440],{"class":121},[69,22992,21246],{"class":83},[69,22994,22995,22997,22999,23001,23003,23005],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,22996,7700],{"class":109},[69,22998,113],{"class":83},[69,23000,14487],{"class":121},[69,23002,91],{"class":83},[69,23004,8066],{"class":121},[69,23006,221],{"class":83},[1369,23008,8086,23010,23012],{"id":23009},"expecting-items-to-return-a-regular-list",[17,23011,16726],{}," to return a regular list",[14,23014,23015,21626,23017,23019],{},[17,23016,16726],{},[17,23018,21559],{}," object, not a list.",[14,23021,23022],{},"Check it:",[60,23024,23026],{"className":62,"code":23025,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(my_dict.items())\nprint(type(my_dict.items()))\nprint(list(my_dict.items()))\n",[17,23027,23028,23060,23064,23078,23096],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,23029,23030,23032,23034,23036,23038,23040,23042,23044,23046,23048,23050,23052,23054,23056,23058],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,23031,11366],{"class":75},[69,23033,80],{"class":79},[69,23035,10128],{"class":83},[69,23037,333],{"class":94},[69,23039,192],{"class":336},[69,23041,333],{"class":94},[69,23043,1044],{"class":83},[69,23045,272],{"class":87},[69,23047,91],{"class":83},[69,23049,964],{"class":94},[69,23051,4587],{"class":336},[69,23053,333],{"class":94},[69,23055,1044],{"class":83},[69,23057,316],{"class":87},[69,23059,8945],{"class":83},[69,23061,23062],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,23063,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,23065,23066,23068,23070,23072,23074,23076],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,23067,110],{"class":109},[69,23069,113],{"class":83},[69,23071,11090],{"class":121},[69,23073,25],{"class":83},[69,23075,7440],{"class":121},[69,23077,6822],{"class":83},[69,23079,23080,23082,23084,23086,23088,23090,23092,23094],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,23081,110],{"class":109},[69,23083,113],{"class":83},[69,23085,3087],{"class":1126},[69,23087,113],{"class":83},[69,23089,11090],{"class":121},[69,23091,25],{"class":83},[69,23093,7440],{"class":121},[69,23095,1130],{"class":83},[69,23097,23098,23100,23102,23104,23106,23108,23110,23112],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,23099,110],{"class":109},[69,23101,113],{"class":83},[69,23103,7725],{"class":1126},[69,23105,113],{"class":83},[69,23107,11090],{"class":121},[69,23109,25],{"class":83},[69,23111,7440],{"class":121},[69,23113,1130],{"class":83},[14,23115,23116],{},[22,23117,643],{},[60,23119,23121],{"className":62,"code":23120,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"dict_items([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_items'>\n[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\n",[17,23122,23123,23155,23169],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,23124,23125,23127,23129,23131,23133,23135,23137,23139,23141,23143,23145,23147,23149,23151,23153],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,23126,21559],{"class":121},[69,23128,9294],{"class":83},[69,23130,488],{"class":94},[69,23132,192],{"class":336},[69,23134,488],{"class":94},[69,23136,91],{"class":83},[69,23138,272],{"class":87},[69,23140,8869],{"class":83},[69,23142,8872],{"class":83},[69,23144,488],{"class":94},[69,23146,4587],{"class":336},[69,23148,488],{"class":94},[69,23150,91],{"class":83},[69,23152,316],{"class":87},[69,23154,10317],{"class":83},[69,23156,23157,23159,23161,23163,23165,23167],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,23158,852],{"class":79},[69,23160,3158],{"class":1932},[69,23162,3161],{"class":94},[69,23164,21559],{"class":336},[69,23166,488],{"class":94},[69,23168,3168],{"class":79},[69,23170,23171,23173,23175,23177,23179,23181,23183,23185,23187,23189,23191,23193,23195,23197],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,23172,21391],{"class":83},[69,23174,488],{"class":94},[69,23176,192],{"class":336},[69,23178,488],{"class":94},[69,23180,91],{"class":83},[69,23182,272],{"class":87},[69,23184,8869],{"class":83},[69,23186,8872],{"class":83},[69,23188,488],{"class":94},[69,23190,4587],{"class":336},[69,23192,488],{"class":94},[69,23194,91],{"class":83},[69,23196,316],{"class":87},[69,23198,8885],{"class":83},[1369,23200,23202,23203],{"id":23201},"changing-the-dictionary-while-looping-over-items","Changing the dictionary while looping over ",[17,23204,16726],{},[14,23206,23207],{},"Be careful when changing a dictionary during iteration.",[14,23209,23210],{},"Problem example:",[60,23212,23214],{"className":62,"code":23213,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in numbers.items():\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n",[17,23215,23216,23260,23264,23284,23296],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,23217,23218,23220,23222,23224,23226,23228,23230,23232,23234,23236,23238,23240,23242,23244,23246,23248,23250,23252,23254,23256,23258],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,23219,801],{"class":75},[69,23221,80],{"class":79},[69,23223,10128],{"class":83},[69,23225,333],{"class":94},[69,23227,192],{"class":336},[69,23229,333],{"class":94},[69,23231,1044],{"class":83},[69,23233,272],{"class":87},[69,23235,91],{"class":83},[69,23237,964],{"class":94},[69,23239,4587],{"class":336},[69,23241,333],{"class":94},[69,23243,1044],{"class":83},[69,23245,316],{"class":87},[69,23247,91],{"class":83},[69,23249,964],{"class":94},[69,23251,9376],{"class":336},[69,23253,333],{"class":94},[69,23255,1044],{"class":83},[69,23257,516],{"class":87},[69,23259,8945],{"class":83},[69,23261,23262],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,23263,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,23265,23266,23268,23270,23272,23274,23276,23278,23280,23282],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,23267,774],{"class":773},[69,23269,21230],{"class":75},[69,23271,91],{"class":83},[69,23273,21235],{"class":75},[69,23275,780],{"class":773},[69,23277,865],{"class":75},[69,23279,25],{"class":83},[69,23281,7440],{"class":121},[69,23283,21246],{"class":83},[69,23285,23286,23288,23290,23292,23294],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,23287,1241],{"class":773},[69,23289,21235],{"class":75},[69,23291,992],{"class":79},[69,23293,316],{"class":87},[69,23295,1235],{"class":83},[69,23297,23298,23301,23303,23305,23307,23309,23311,23313],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,23299,23300],{"class":75},"        numbers",[69,23302,3739],{"class":83},[69,23304,333],{"class":94},[69,23306,18417],{"class":336},[69,23308,333],{"class":94},[69,23310,12918],{"class":83},[69,23312,12921],{"class":79},[69,23314,23315],{"class":87}," 4\n",[14,23317,23318],{},"Changing the dictionary size while looping can cause errors.",[14,23320,23321],{},"A safer approach is to loop over a copied list of items:",[60,23323,23325],{"className":62,"code":23324,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in list(numbers.items()):\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,23326,23327,23371,23375,23400,23412,23430,23434],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,23328,23329,23331,23333,23335,23337,23339,23341,23343,23345,23347,23349,23351,23353,23355,23357,23359,23361,23363,23365,23367,23369],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,23330,801],{"class":75},[69,23332,80],{"class":79},[69,23334,10128],{"class":83},[69,23336,333],{"class":94},[69,23338,192],{"class":336},[69,23340,333],{"class":94},[69,23342,1044],{"class":83},[69,23344,272],{"class":87},[69,23346,91],{"class":83},[69,23348,964],{"class":94},[69,23350,4587],{"class":336},[69,23352,333],{"class":94},[69,23354,1044],{"class":83},[69,23356,316],{"class":87},[69,23358,91],{"class":83},[69,23360,964],{"class":94},[69,23362,9376],{"class":336},[69,23364,333],{"class":94},[69,23366,1044],{"class":83},[69,23368,516],{"class":87},[69,23370,8945],{"class":83},[69,23372,23373],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,23374,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,23376,23377,23379,23381,23383,23385,23387,23389,23391,23393,23395,23397],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,23378,774],{"class":773},[69,23380,21230],{"class":75},[69,23382,91],{"class":83},[69,23384,21235],{"class":75},[69,23386,780],{"class":773},[69,23388,22211],{"class":1126},[69,23390,113],{"class":83},[69,23392,3512],{"class":121},[69,23394,25],{"class":83},[69,23396,7440],{"class":121},[69,23398,23399],{"class":83},"()):\n",[69,23401,23402,23404,23406,23408,23410],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,23403,1241],{"class":773},[69,23405,21235],{"class":75},[69,23407,992],{"class":79},[69,23409,316],{"class":87},[69,23411,1235],{"class":83},[69,23413,23414,23416,23418,23420,23422,23424,23426,23428],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,23415,23300],{"class":75},[69,23417,3739],{"class":83},[69,23419,333],{"class":94},[69,23421,18417],{"class":336},[69,23423,333],{"class":94},[69,23425,12918],{"class":83},[69,23427,12921],{"class":79},[69,23429,23315],{"class":87},[69,23431,23432],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,23433,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,23435,23436,23438,23440,23442],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,23437,110],{"class":109},[69,23439,113],{"class":83},[69,23441,3512],{"class":121},[69,23443,221],{"class":83},[1369,23445,23447],{"id":23446},"forgetting-that-each-result-is-a-key-value-pair","Forgetting that each result is a key-value pair",[14,23449,23450],{},"If you print each item directly, you will see tuples:",[60,23452,23454],{"className":62,"code":23453,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = {\"x\": 10, \"y\": 20}\n\nfor item in data.items():\n    print(item)\n",[17,23455,23456,23488,23492,23508],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,23457,23458,23460,23462,23464,23466,23468,23470,23472,23474,23476,23478,23480,23482,23484,23486],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,23459,8801],{"class":75},[69,23461,80],{"class":79},[69,23463,10128],{"class":83},[69,23465,333],{"class":94},[69,23467,2041],{"class":336},[69,23469,333],{"class":94},[69,23471,1044],{"class":83},[69,23473,826],{"class":87},[69,23475,91],{"class":83},[69,23477,964],{"class":94},[69,23479,11387],{"class":336},[69,23481,333],{"class":94},[69,23483,1044],{"class":83},[69,23485,7420],{"class":87},[69,23487,8945],{"class":83},[69,23489,23490],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,23491,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,23493,23494,23496,23498,23500,23502,23504,23506],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,23495,774],{"class":773},[69,23497,777],{"class":75},[69,23499,780],{"class":773},[69,23501,14212],{"class":75},[69,23503,25],{"class":83},[69,23505,7440],{"class":121},[69,23507,21246],{"class":83},[69,23509,23510,23512,23514,23516],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,23511,7700],{"class":109},[69,23513,113],{"class":83},[69,23515,22962],{"class":121},[69,23517,221],{"class":83},[14,23519,23520],{},[22,23521,643],{},[60,23523,23525],{"className":62,"code":23524,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"('x', 10)\n('y', 20)\n",[17,23526,23527,23543],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,23528,23529,23531,23533,23535,23537,23539,23541],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,23530,113],{"class":83},[69,23532,488],{"class":94},[69,23534,2041],{"class":336},[69,23536,488],{"class":94},[69,23538,91],{"class":83},[69,23540,826],{"class":87},[69,23542,221],{"class":83},[69,23544,23545,23547,23549,23551,23553,23555,23557],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,23546,113],{"class":83},[69,23548,488],{"class":94},[69,23550,11387],{"class":336},[69,23552,488],{"class":94},[69,23554,91],{"class":83},[69,23556,7420],{"class":87},[69,23558,221],{"class":83},[14,23560,23561,23562,23564],{},"That is normal. Each item is one ",[17,23563,21306],{}," pair.",[141,23566,1651],{"id":1650},[1369,23568,23570,23571,4972],{"id":23569},"what-does-dictionary-items-return-in-python","What does dictionary ",[17,23572,16726],{},[14,23574,17070,23575,23577],{},[17,23576,21559],{}," view containing key-value pairs as tuples.",[1369,23579,12347,23581,23583],{"id":23580},"does-items-return-a-list",[17,23582,16726],{}," return a list?",[14,23585,23586,23587,23590],{},"No. It returns a view object. Use ",[17,23588,23589],{},"list(my_dict.items())"," if you need a list.",[1369,23592,23594,23595,2359],{"id":23593},"can-i-loop-through-keys-and-values-with-items","Can I loop through keys and values with ",[17,23596,16726],{},[14,23598,23599],{},"Yes. Use this pattern:",[60,23601,23603],{"className":62,"code":23602,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"for key, value in my_dict.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[17,23604,23605,23625],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,23606,23607,23609,23611,23613,23615,23617,23619,23621,23623],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,23608,774],{"class":773},[69,23610,21230],{"class":75},[69,23612,91],{"class":83},[69,23614,21235],{"class":75},[69,23616,780],{"class":773},[69,23618,11408],{"class":75},[69,23620,25],{"class":83},[69,23622,7440],{"class":121},[69,23624,21246],{"class":83},[69,23626,23627,23629,23631,23633,23635,23637],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,23628,7700],{"class":109},[69,23630,113],{"class":83},[69,23632,14487],{"class":121},[69,23634,91],{"class":83},[69,23636,8066],{"class":121},[69,23638,221],{"class":83},[1369,23640,12347,23642,23644],{"id":23641},"does-items-change-the-dictionary",[17,23643,16726],{}," change the dictionary?",[14,23646,23647],{},"No. It only gives you a way to access the pairs.",[141,23649,1771],{"id":1770},[30,23651,23652,23658,23664,23669,23673],{},[33,23653,23654],{},[192,23655,10375,23656,10379],{"href":22538},[17,23657,16713],{},[33,23659,23660],{},[192,23661,10375,23662,10379],{"href":22546},[17,23663,16719],{},[33,23665,23666],{},[192,23667,23668],{"href":22125},"How to loop through a dictionary in Python",[33,23670,23671],{},[192,23672,8791],{"href":12667},[33,23674,23675],{},[192,23676,23677],{"href":21429},"What is a dictionary in Python",[1802,23679,23680],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":23682},[23683,23684,23686,23687,23688,23690,23691,23693,23695,23704,23714],{"id":1869,"depth":106,"text":1870},{"id":21289,"depth":106,"text":23685},"What items() does",{"id":2023,"depth":106,"text":2024},{"id":21620,"depth":106,"text":21621},{"id":21846,"depth":106,"text":23689},"Looping with items()",{"id":22129,"depth":106,"text":22130},{"id":22321,"depth":106,"text":23692},"items() vs keys() vs values()",{"id":22556,"depth":106,"text":23694},"When to use items()",{"id":2697,"depth":106,"text":2698,"children":23696},[23697,23699,23701,23703],{"id":22751,"depth":300,"text":23698},"Trying to unpack items() incorrectly",{"id":23009,"depth":300,"text":23700},"Expecting items() to return a regular list",{"id":23201,"depth":300,"text":23702},"Changing the dictionary while looping over items()",{"id":23446,"depth":300,"text":23447},{"id":1650,"depth":106,"text":1651,"children":23705},[23706,23708,23710,23712],{"id":23569,"depth":300,"text":23707},"What does dictionary items() return in Python?",{"id":23580,"depth":300,"text":23709},"Does items() return a list?",{"id":23593,"depth":300,"text":23711},"Can I loop through keys and values with items()?",{"id":23641,"depth":300,"text":23713},"Does items() change the dictionary?",{"id":1770,"depth":106,"text":1771},"Master python dictionary items method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method",{"title":21157,"description":23715},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method","dz02pJ9l_vREwqXyX6imIcVo-A5kVMhXWIOii6zXDtM",{"id":23722,"title":23723,"body":23724,"description":25815,"extension":1828,"meta":25816,"navigation":833,"path":22538,"seo":25817,"stem":25818,"__hash__":25819},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method.md","Python Dictionary keys() Method",{"type":7,"value":23725,"toc":25781},[23726,23731,23737,23740,23751,23758,23760,23843,23847,23894,23899,23904,23909,23911,23927,23929,24028,24032,24089,24092,24094,24097,24190,24194,24257,24260,24276,24281,24283,24285,24300,24302,24313,24315,24358,24361,24405,24408,24410,24417,24420,24437,24439,24532,24536,24577,24589,24593,24596,24684,24688,24708,24711,24738,24745,24750,24754,24765,24767,24871,24875,24901,24904,24971,24976,24979,25002,25007,25011,25016,25022,25027,25029,25084,25088,25115,25122,25128,25131,25156,25162,25188,25191,25266,25273,25278,25280,25319,25337,25341,25344,25387,25390,25392,25411,25413,25418,25443,25446,25516,25519,25592,25596,25598,25659,25662,25678,25680,25685,25690,25697,25706,25712,25718,25725,25731,25735,25740,25742,25778],[10,23727,10958,23729,10962],{"id":23728},"python-dictionary-keys-method",[17,23730,16713],{},[14,23732,23733,23734,23736],{},"The Python dictionary ",[17,23735,16713],{}," method returns all keys from a dictionary.",[14,23738,23739],{},"It is useful when you want to:",[30,23741,23742,23745,23748],{},[33,23743,23744],{},"view the available keys",[33,23746,23747],{},"loop through dictionary keys",[33,23749,23750],{},"check what fields exist in a dictionary",[14,23752,23753,23755,23756,25],{},[17,23754,16713],{}," does not return a regular list. It returns a special object called ",[17,23757,16662],{},[141,23759,1870],{"id":1869},[60,23761,23763],{"className":62,"code":23762,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkeys = student.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\nprint(list(keys))\n",[17,23764,23765,23801,23815,23819,23829],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,23766,23767,23769,23771,23773,23775,23777,23779,23781,23783,23785,23787,23789,23791,23793,23795,23797,23799],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,23768,12507],{"class":75},[69,23770,80],{"class":79},[69,23772,10128],{"class":83},[69,23774,333],{"class":94},[69,23776,7297],{"class":336},[69,23778,333],{"class":94},[69,23780,1044],{"class":83},[69,23782,964],{"class":94},[69,23784,12524],{"class":336},[69,23786,333],{"class":94},[69,23788,91],{"class":83},[69,23790,964],{"class":94},[69,23792,8935],{"class":336},[69,23794,333],{"class":94},[69,23796,1044],{"class":83},[69,23798,7420],{"class":87},[69,23800,8945],{"class":83},[69,23802,23803,23805,23807,23809,23811,23813],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,23804,16890],{"class":75},[69,23806,80],{"class":79},[69,23808,12550],{"class":75},[69,23810,25],{"class":83},[69,23812,16571],{"class":121},[69,23814,8277],{"class":83},[69,23816,23817],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,23818,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,23820,23821,23823,23825,23827],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,23822,110],{"class":109},[69,23824,113],{"class":83},[69,23826,16571],{"class":121},[69,23828,221],{"class":83},[69,23830,23831,23833,23835,23837,23839,23841],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,23832,110],{"class":109},[69,23834,113],{"class":83},[69,23836,7725],{"class":1126},[69,23838,113],{"class":83},[69,23840,16571],{"class":121},[69,23842,342],{"class":83},[14,23844,23845],{},[22,23846,643],{},[60,23848,23850],{"className":62,"code":23849,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n['name', 'age']\n",[17,23851,23852,23874],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,23853,23854,23856,23858,23860,23862,23864,23866,23868,23870,23872],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,23855,16662],{"class":121},[69,23857,260],{"class":83},[69,23859,488],{"class":94},[69,23861,7297],{"class":336},[69,23863,488],{"class":94},[69,23865,91],{"class":83},[69,23867,3161],{"class":94},[69,23869,8935],{"class":336},[69,23871,488],{"class":94},[69,23873,3727],{"class":83},[69,23875,23876,23878,23880,23882,23884,23886,23888,23890,23892],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,23877,3739],{"class":83},[69,23879,488],{"class":94},[69,23881,7297],{"class":336},[69,23883,488],{"class":94},[69,23885,91],{"class":83},[69,23887,3161],{"class":94},[69,23889,8935],{"class":336},[69,23891,488],{"class":94},[69,23893,103],{"class":83},[14,23895,132,23896,23898],{},[17,23897,16713],{}," to get a view of all dictionary keys. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list output.",[141,23900,3540,23902,3543],{"id":23901},"what-keys-does",[17,23903,16713],{},[14,23905,23906,23908],{},[17,23907,16713],{}," is a dictionary method that returns all keys from a dictionary.",[14,23910,11099],{},[30,23912,23913,23916,23919,23924],{},[33,23914,23915],{},"It returns all keys from a dictionary",[33,23917,23918],{},"It does not need any arguments",[33,23920,17070,23921,23923],{},[17,23922,16662],{}," view object, not a list",[33,23925,23926],{},"The view updates if the dictionary changes",[14,23928,2076],{},[60,23930,23932],{"className":62,"code":23931,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.keys())\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Paris\"\nprint(person.keys())\n",[17,23933,23934,23970,23974,23988,23992,24014],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,23935,23936,23938,23940,23942,23944,23946,23948,23950,23952,23954,23956,23958,23960,23962,23964,23966,23968],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,23937,12849],{"class":75},[69,23939,80],{"class":79},[69,23941,10128],{"class":83},[69,23943,333],{"class":94},[69,23945,7297],{"class":336},[69,23947,333],{"class":94},[69,23949,1044],{"class":83},[69,23951,964],{"class":94},[69,23953,12866],{"class":336},[69,23955,333],{"class":94},[69,23957,91],{"class":83},[69,23959,964],{"class":94},[69,23961,8935],{"class":336},[69,23963,333],{"class":94},[69,23965,1044],{"class":83},[69,23967,8942],{"class":87},[69,23969,8945],{"class":83},[69,23971,23972],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,23973,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,23975,23976,23978,23980,23982,23984,23986],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,23977,110],{"class":109},[69,23979,113],{"class":83},[69,23981,16955],{"class":121},[69,23983,25],{"class":83},[69,23985,16571],{"class":121},[69,23987,6822],{"class":83},[69,23989,23990],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,23991,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,23993,23994,23996,23998,24000,24002,24004,24006,24008,24010,24012],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,23995,16955],{"class":75},[69,23997,3739],{"class":83},[69,23999,333],{"class":94},[69,24001,10046],{"class":336},[69,24003,333],{"class":94},[69,24005,12918],{"class":83},[69,24007,12921],{"class":79},[69,24009,964],{"class":94},[69,24011,10053],{"class":336},[69,24013,3224],{"class":94},[69,24015,24016,24018,24020,24022,24024,24026],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,24017,110],{"class":109},[69,24019,113],{"class":83},[69,24021,16955],{"class":121},[69,24023,25],{"class":83},[69,24025,16571],{"class":121},[69,24027,6822],{"class":83},[14,24029,24030],{},[22,24031,643],{},[60,24033,24035],{"className":62,"code":24034,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_keys(['name', 'age', 'city'])\n",[17,24036,24037,24059],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,24038,24039,24041,24043,24045,24047,24049,24051,24053,24055,24057],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,24040,16662],{"class":121},[69,24042,260],{"class":83},[69,24044,488],{"class":94},[69,24046,7297],{"class":336},[69,24048,488],{"class":94},[69,24050,91],{"class":83},[69,24052,3161],{"class":94},[69,24054,8935],{"class":336},[69,24056,488],{"class":94},[69,24058,3727],{"class":83},[69,24060,24061,24063,24065,24067,24069,24071,24073,24075,24077,24079,24081,24083,24085,24087],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,24062,16662],{"class":121},[69,24064,260],{"class":83},[69,24066,488],{"class":94},[69,24068,7297],{"class":336},[69,24070,488],{"class":94},[69,24072,91],{"class":83},[69,24074,3161],{"class":94},[69,24076,8935],{"class":336},[69,24078,488],{"class":94},[69,24080,91],{"class":83},[69,24082,3161],{"class":94},[69,24084,10046],{"class":336},[69,24086,488],{"class":94},[69,24088,3727],{"class":83},[14,24090,24091],{},"Notice that the result updates after the dictionary changes.",[141,24093,598],{"id":597},[14,24095,24096],{},"Here is a simple example with a small dictionary:",[60,24098,24100],{"className":62,"code":24099,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"grade\": \"A\"}\n\nprint(data.keys())\nprint(list(data.keys()))\n",[17,24101,24102,24154,24158,24172],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,24103,24104,24106,24108,24110,24112,24114,24116,24118,24120,24122,24124,24126,24128,24130,24132,24134,24136,24138,24140,24142,24144,24146,24148,24150,24152],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,24105,8801],{"class":75},[69,24107,80],{"class":79},[69,24109,10128],{"class":83},[69,24111,333],{"class":94},[69,24113,7297],{"class":336},[69,24115,333],{"class":94},[69,24117,1044],{"class":83},[69,24119,964],{"class":94},[69,24121,12524],{"class":336},[69,24123,333],{"class":94},[69,24125,91],{"class":83},[69,24127,964],{"class":94},[69,24129,8935],{"class":336},[69,24131,333],{"class":94},[69,24133,1044],{"class":83},[69,24135,7420],{"class":87},[69,24137,91],{"class":83},[69,24139,964],{"class":94},[69,24141,19541],{"class":336},[69,24143,333],{"class":94},[69,24145,1044],{"class":83},[69,24147,964],{"class":94},[69,24149,21896],{"class":336},[69,24151,333],{"class":94},[69,24153,8945],{"class":83},[69,24155,24156],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,24157,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,24159,24160,24162,24164,24166,24168,24170],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,24161,110],{"class":109},[69,24163,113],{"class":83},[69,24165,8840],{"class":121},[69,24167,25],{"class":83},[69,24169,16571],{"class":121},[69,24171,6822],{"class":83},[69,24173,24174,24176,24178,24180,24182,24184,24186,24188],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,24175,110],{"class":109},[69,24177,113],{"class":83},[69,24179,7725],{"class":1126},[69,24181,113],{"class":83},[69,24183,8840],{"class":121},[69,24185,25],{"class":83},[69,24187,16571],{"class":121},[69,24189,1130],{"class":83},[14,24191,24192],{},[22,24193,643],{},[60,24195,24197],{"className":62,"code":24196,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'grade'])\n['name', 'age', 'grade']\n",[17,24198,24199,24229],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,24200,24201,24203,24205,24207,24209,24211,24213,24215,24217,24219,24221,24223,24225,24227],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,24202,16662],{"class":121},[69,24204,260],{"class":83},[69,24206,488],{"class":94},[69,24208,7297],{"class":336},[69,24210,488],{"class":94},[69,24212,91],{"class":83},[69,24214,3161],{"class":94},[69,24216,8935],{"class":336},[69,24218,488],{"class":94},[69,24220,91],{"class":83},[69,24222,3161],{"class":94},[69,24224,19541],{"class":336},[69,24226,488],{"class":94},[69,24228,3727],{"class":83},[69,24230,24231,24233,24235,24237,24239,24241,24243,24245,24247,24249,24251,24253,24255],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,24232,3739],{"class":83},[69,24234,488],{"class":94},[69,24236,7297],{"class":336},[69,24238,488],{"class":94},[69,24240,91],{"class":83},[69,24242,3161],{"class":94},[69,24244,8935],{"class":336},[69,24246,488],{"class":94},[69,24248,91],{"class":83},[69,24250,3161],{"class":94},[69,24252,19541],{"class":336},[69,24254,488],{"class":94},[69,24256,103],{"class":83},[14,24258,24259],{},"This shows two things:",[30,24261,24262,24270],{},[33,24263,24264,21626,24267,24269],{},[17,24265,24266],{},"data.keys()",[17,24268,16662],{}," object",[33,24271,24272,24275],{},[17,24273,24274],{},"list(data.keys())"," converts it into a regular list",[14,24277,8787,24278,25],{},[192,24279,24280],{"href":9027},"how to create a dictionary in Python",[141,24282,201],{"id":200},[14,24284,2027],{},[60,24286,24288],{"className":62,"code":24287,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_dict.keys()\n",[17,24289,24290],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,24291,24292,24294,24296,24298],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,24293,11090],{"class":75},[69,24295,25],{"class":83},[69,24297,16571],{"class":121},[69,24299,8277],{"class":83},[14,24301,21451],{},[30,24303,24304,24307,24310],{},[33,24305,24306],{},"It works only on dictionaries",[33,24308,24309],{},"It takes no parameters",[33,24311,24312],{},"You must include the parentheses",[14,24314,16303],{},[60,24316,24318],{"className":62,"code":24317,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys())\n",[17,24319,24320,24344],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,24321,24322,24324,24326,24328,24330,24332,24334,24336,24338,24340,24342],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,24323,12507],{"class":75},[69,24325,80],{"class":79},[69,24327,10128],{"class":83},[69,24329,333],{"class":94},[69,24331,7297],{"class":336},[69,24333,333],{"class":94},[69,24335,1044],{"class":83},[69,24337,964],{"class":94},[69,24339,12524],{"class":336},[69,24341,333],{"class":94},[69,24343,8945],{"class":83},[69,24345,24346,24348,24350,24352,24354,24356],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,24347,110],{"class":109},[69,24349,113],{"class":83},[69,24351,13271],{"class":121},[69,24353,25],{"class":83},[69,24355,16571],{"class":121},[69,24357,6822],{"class":83},[14,24359,24360],{},"Incorrect:",[60,24362,24364],{"className":62,"code":24363,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys)\n",[17,24365,24366,24390],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,24367,24368,24370,24372,24374,24376,24378,24380,24382,24384,24386,24388],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,24369,12507],{"class":75},[69,24371,80],{"class":79},[69,24373,10128],{"class":83},[69,24375,333],{"class":94},[69,24377,7297],{"class":336},[69,24379,333],{"class":94},[69,24381,1044],{"class":83},[69,24383,964],{"class":94},[69,24385,12524],{"class":336},[69,24387,333],{"class":94},[69,24389,8945],{"class":83},[69,24391,24392,24394,24396,24398,24400,24403],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,24393,110],{"class":109},[69,24395,113],{"class":83},[69,24397,13271],{"class":121},[69,24399,25],{"class":83},[69,24401,16571],{"class":24402},"skxfh",[69,24404,221],{"class":83},[14,24406,24407],{},"Without parentheses, you are referring to the method itself, not calling it.",[141,24409,17067],{"id":17066},[14,24411,24412,21626,24414,24416],{},[17,24413,16713],{},[17,24415,16662],{}," object.",[14,24418,24419],{},"This object:",[30,24421,24422,24425,24428,24434],{},[33,24423,24424],{},"contains all keys in the dictionary",[33,24426,24427],{},"can be used in a loop",[33,24429,24430,24431],{},"can be converted with ",[17,24432,24433],{},"list()",[33,24435,24436],{},"is useful when checking available keys",[14,24438,2076],{},[60,24440,24442],{"className":62,"code":24441,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2020}\n\nresult = car.keys()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[17,24443,24444,24485,24489,24504,24508,24518],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,24445,24446,24449,24451,24453,24455,24458,24460,24462,24464,24467,24469,24471,24473,24476,24478,24480,24483],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,24447,24448],{"class":75},"car ",[69,24450,80],{"class":79},[69,24452,10128],{"class":83},[69,24454,333],{"class":94},[69,24456,24457],{"class":336},"brand",[69,24459,333],{"class":94},[69,24461,1044],{"class":83},[69,24463,964],{"class":94},[69,24465,24466],{"class":336},"Toyota",[69,24468,333],{"class":94},[69,24470,91],{"class":83},[69,24472,964],{"class":94},[69,24474,24475],{"class":336},"year",[69,24477,333],{"class":94},[69,24479,1044],{"class":83},[69,24481,24482],{"class":87}," 2020",[69,24484,8945],{"class":83},[69,24486,24487],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,24488,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,24490,24491,24493,24495,24498,24500,24502],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,24492,839],{"class":75},[69,24494,80],{"class":79},[69,24496,24497],{"class":75}," car",[69,24499,25],{"class":83},[69,24501,16571],{"class":121},[69,24503,8277],{"class":83},[69,24505,24506],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,24507,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,24509,24510,24512,24514,24516],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,24511,110],{"class":109},[69,24513,113],{"class":83},[69,24515,876],{"class":121},[69,24517,221],{"class":83},[69,24519,24520,24522,24524,24526,24528,24530],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,24521,110],{"class":109},[69,24523,113],{"class":83},[69,24525,3087],{"class":1126},[69,24527,113],{"class":83},[69,24529,876],{"class":121},[69,24531,342],{"class":83},[14,24533,24534],{},[22,24535,643],{},[60,24537,24539],{"className":62,"code":24538,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"dict_keys(['brand', 'year'])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_keys'>\n",[17,24540,24541,24563],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,24542,24543,24545,24547,24549,24551,24553,24555,24557,24559,24561],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,24544,16662],{"class":121},[69,24546,260],{"class":83},[69,24548,488],{"class":94},[69,24550,24457],{"class":336},[69,24552,488],{"class":94},[69,24554,91],{"class":83},[69,24556,3161],{"class":94},[69,24558,24475],{"class":336},[69,24560,488],{"class":94},[69,24562,3727],{"class":83},[69,24564,24565,24567,24569,24571,24573,24575],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,24566,852],{"class":79},[69,24568,3158],{"class":1932},[69,24570,3161],{"class":94},[69,24572,16662],{"class":336},[69,24574,488],{"class":94},[69,24576,3168],{"class":79},[14,24578,24579,24580,24584,24585,25],{},"If you want dictionary values instead, see the ",[192,24581,10375,24582,10379],{"href":16716},[17,24583,16719],{},". If you want both keys and values together, see the ",[192,24586,10375,24587,10379],{"href":16723},[17,24588,16726],{},[141,24590,24592],{"id":24591},"looping-through-dictionary-keys","Looping through dictionary keys",[14,24594,24595],{},"You can loop through the keys like this:",[60,24597,24599],{"className":62,"code":24598,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"course\": \"Math\"}\n\nfor key in student.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[17,24600,24601,24654,24658,24674],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,24602,24603,24605,24607,24609,24611,24613,24615,24617,24619,24621,24623,24625,24627,24629,24631,24633,24635,24637,24639,24641,24643,24645,24647,24650,24652],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,24604,12507],{"class":75},[69,24606,80],{"class":79},[69,24608,10128],{"class":83},[69,24610,333],{"class":94},[69,24612,7297],{"class":336},[69,24614,333],{"class":94},[69,24616,1044],{"class":83},[69,24618,964],{"class":94},[69,24620,12524],{"class":336},[69,24622,333],{"class":94},[69,24624,91],{"class":83},[69,24626,964],{"class":94},[69,24628,8935],{"class":336},[69,24630,333],{"class":94},[69,24632,1044],{"class":83},[69,24634,7420],{"class":87},[69,24636,91],{"class":83},[69,24638,964],{"class":94},[69,24640,14975],{"class":336},[69,24642,333],{"class":94},[69,24644,1044],{"class":83},[69,24646,964],{"class":94},[69,24648,24649],{"class":336},"Math",[69,24651,333],{"class":94},[69,24653,8945],{"class":83},[69,24655,24656],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,24657,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,24659,24660,24662,24664,24666,24668,24670,24672],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,24661,774],{"class":773},[69,24663,17858],{"class":75},[69,24665,780],{"class":773},[69,24667,12550],{"class":75},[69,24669,25],{"class":83},[69,24671,16571],{"class":121},[69,24673,21246],{"class":83},[69,24675,24676,24678,24680,24682],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,24677,7700],{"class":109},[69,24679,113],{"class":83},[69,24681,14487],{"class":121},[69,24683,221],{"class":83},[14,24685,24686],{},[22,24687,643],{},[60,24689,24691],{"className":62,"code":24690,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"name\nage\ncourse\n",[17,24692,24693,24698,24703],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,24694,24695],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,24696,24697],{"class":75},"name\n",[69,24699,24700],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,24701,24702],{"class":75},"age\n",[69,24704,24705],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,24706,24707],{"class":75},"course\n",[14,24709,24710],{},"In most cases, this also works:",[60,24712,24714],{"className":62,"code":24713,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"for key in student:\n    print(key)\n",[17,24715,24716,24728],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,24717,24718,24720,24722,24724,24726],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,24719,774],{"class":773},[69,24721,17858],{"class":75},[69,24723,780],{"class":773},[69,24725,12550],{"class":75},[69,24727,1235],{"class":83},[69,24729,24730,24732,24734,24736],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,24731,7700],{"class":109},[69,24733,113],{"class":83},[69,24735,14487],{"class":121},[69,24737,221],{"class":83},[14,24739,24740,24741,24744],{},"Both are valid. For beginners, ",[17,24742,24743],{},"student.keys()"," is more explicit because it clearly shows that you are looping through keys.",[141,24746,4788,24748],{"id":24747},"when-to-use-keys",[17,24749,16713],{},[14,24751,132,24752,10239],{},[17,24753,16713],{},[30,24755,24756,24759,24762],{},[33,24757,24758],{},"you only need the dictionary keys",[33,24760,24761],{},"you want to display available fields",[33,24763,24764],{},"you want to inspect what keys exist in a dictionary",[14,24766,2076],{},[60,24768,24770],{"className":62,"code":24769,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99, \"stock\": 5}\n\nprint(\"Available fields:\")\nfor key in product.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[17,24771,24772,24825,24829,24844,24861],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,24773,24774,24777,24779,24781,24783,24785,24787,24789,24791,24794,24796,24798,24800,24803,24805,24807,24810,24812,24814,24817,24819,24821,24823],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,24775,24776],{"class":75},"product ",[69,24778,80],{"class":79},[69,24780,10128],{"class":83},[69,24782,333],{"class":94},[69,24784,7297],{"class":336},[69,24786,333],{"class":94},[69,24788,1044],{"class":83},[69,24790,964],{"class":94},[69,24792,24793],{"class":336},"Book",[69,24795,333],{"class":94},[69,24797,91],{"class":83},[69,24799,964],{"class":94},[69,24801,24802],{"class":336},"price",[69,24804,333],{"class":94},[69,24806,1044],{"class":83},[69,24808,24809],{"class":87}," 12.99",[69,24811,91],{"class":83},[69,24813,964],{"class":94},[69,24815,24816],{"class":336},"stock",[69,24818,333],{"class":94},[69,24820,1044],{"class":83},[69,24822,100],{"class":87},[69,24824,8945],{"class":83},[69,24826,24827],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,24828,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,24830,24831,24833,24835,24837,24840,24842],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,24832,110],{"class":109},[69,24834,113],{"class":83},[69,24836,333],{"class":94},[69,24838,24839],{"class":336},"Available fields:",[69,24841,333],{"class":94},[69,24843,221],{"class":83},[69,24845,24846,24848,24850,24852,24855,24857,24859],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,24847,774],{"class":773},[69,24849,17858],{"class":75},[69,24851,780],{"class":773},[69,24853,24854],{"class":75}," product",[69,24856,25],{"class":83},[69,24858,16571],{"class":121},[69,24860,21246],{"class":83},[69,24862,24863,24865,24867,24869],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,24864,7700],{"class":109},[69,24866,113],{"class":83},[69,24868,14487],{"class":121},[69,24870,221],{"class":83},[14,24872,24873],{},[22,24874,643],{},[60,24876,24878],{"className":62,"code":24877,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Available fields:\nname\nprice\nstock\n",[17,24879,24880,24887,24891,24896],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,24881,24882,24885],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,24883,24884],{"class":75},"Available fields",[69,24886,1235],{"class":83},[69,24888,24889],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,24890,24697],{"class":75},[69,24892,24893],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,24894,24895],{"class":75},"price\n",[69,24897,24898],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,24899,24900],{"class":75},"stock\n",[14,24902,24903],{},"You may also see membership checks like this:",[60,24905,24907],{"className":62,"code":24906,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99}\n\nprint(\"name\" in product.keys())\n",[17,24908,24909,24945,24949],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,24910,24911,24913,24915,24917,24919,24921,24923,24925,24927,24929,24931,24933,24935,24937,24939,24941,24943],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,24912,24776],{"class":75},[69,24914,80],{"class":79},[69,24916,10128],{"class":83},[69,24918,333],{"class":94},[69,24920,7297],{"class":336},[69,24922,333],{"class":94},[69,24924,1044],{"class":83},[69,24926,964],{"class":94},[69,24928,24793],{"class":336},[69,24930,333],{"class":94},[69,24932,91],{"class":83},[69,24934,964],{"class":94},[69,24936,24802],{"class":336},[69,24938,333],{"class":94},[69,24940,1044],{"class":83},[69,24942,24809],{"class":87},[69,24944,8945],{"class":83},[69,24946,24947],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,24948,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,24950,24951,24953,24955,24957,24959,24961,24963,24965,24967,24969],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,24952,110],{"class":109},[69,24954,113],{"class":83},[69,24956,333],{"class":94},[69,24958,7297],{"class":336},[69,24960,333],{"class":94},[69,24962,20824],{"class":773},[69,24964,24854],{"class":121},[69,24966,25],{"class":83},[69,24968,16571],{"class":121},[69,24970,6822],{"class":83},[14,24972,24973,24974,25],{},"This works and returns ",[17,24975,53],{},[14,24977,24978],{},"However, this is usually simpler:",[60,24980,24982],{"className":62,"code":24981,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(\"name\" in product)\n",[17,24983,24984],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,24985,24986,24988,24990,24992,24994,24996,24998,25000],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,24987,110],{"class":109},[69,24989,113],{"class":83},[69,24991,333],{"class":94},[69,24993,7297],{"class":336},[69,24995,333],{"class":94},[69,24997,20824],{"class":773},[69,24999,24854],{"class":121},[69,25001,221],{"class":83},[14,25003,25004,25005,25],{},"If you want to learn that pattern, see ",[192,25006,20857],{"href":16801},[141,25008,25010],{"id":25009},"common-beginner-confusion","Common beginner confusion",[14,25012,25013,25014,25],{},"Here are some common mistakes beginners make with ",[17,25015,16713],{},[1369,25017,8086,25019,25021],{"id":25018},"expecting-keys-to-return-key-value-pairs",[17,25020,16713],{}," to return key-value pairs",[14,25023,25024,25026],{},[17,25025,16713],{}," returns only the keys.",[14,25028,2076],{},[60,25030,25032],{"className":62,"code":25031,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(data.keys())\n",[17,25033,25034,25070],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,25035,25036,25038,25040,25042,25044,25046,25048,25050,25052,25054,25056,25058,25060,25062,25064,25066,25068],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,25037,8801],{"class":75},[69,25039,80],{"class":79},[69,25041,10128],{"class":83},[69,25043,333],{"class":94},[69,25045,7297],{"class":336},[69,25047,333],{"class":94},[69,25049,1044],{"class":83},[69,25051,964],{"class":94},[69,25053,12524],{"class":336},[69,25055,333],{"class":94},[69,25057,91],{"class":83},[69,25059,964],{"class":94},[69,25061,8935],{"class":336},[69,25063,333],{"class":94},[69,25065,1044],{"class":83},[69,25067,7420],{"class":87},[69,25069,8945],{"class":83},[69,25071,25072,25074,25076,25078,25080,25082],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,25073,110],{"class":109},[69,25075,113],{"class":83},[69,25077,8840],{"class":121},[69,25079,25],{"class":83},[69,25081,16571],{"class":121},[69,25083,6822],{"class":83},[14,25085,25086],{},[22,25087,643],{},[60,25089,25091],{"className":62,"code":25090,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n",[17,25092,25093],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,25094,25095,25097,25099,25101,25103,25105,25107,25109,25111,25113],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,25096,16662],{"class":121},[69,25098,260],{"class":83},[69,25100,488],{"class":94},[69,25102,7297],{"class":336},[69,25104,488],{"class":94},[69,25106,91],{"class":83},[69,25108,3161],{"class":94},[69,25110,8935],{"class":336},[69,25112,488],{"class":94},[69,25114,3727],{"class":83},[14,25116,25117,25118,25],{},"If you want both keys and values, use ",[192,25119,25120],{"href":16723},[17,25121,16726],{},[1369,25123,25125,25126],{"id":25124},"expecting-a-list-instead-of-dict_keys","Expecting a list instead of ",[17,25127,16662],{},[14,25129,25130],{},"Many beginners expect this:",[60,25132,25134],{"className":62,"code":25133,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['name', 'age']\n",[17,25135,25136],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,25137,25138,25140,25142,25144,25146,25148,25150,25152,25154],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,25139,3739],{"class":83},[69,25141,488],{"class":94},[69,25143,7297],{"class":336},[69,25145,488],{"class":94},[69,25147,91],{"class":83},[69,25149,3161],{"class":94},[69,25151,8935],{"class":336},[69,25153,488],{"class":94},[69,25155,103],{"class":83},[14,25157,25158,25159,25161],{},"But ",[17,25160,16713],{}," returns:",[60,25163,25164],{"className":62,"code":25090,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,25165,25166],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,25167,25168,25170,25172,25174,25176,25178,25180,25182,25184,25186],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,25169,16662],{"class":121},[69,25171,260],{"class":83},[69,25173,488],{"class":94},[69,25175,7297],{"class":336},[69,25177,488],{"class":94},[69,25179,91],{"class":83},[69,25181,3161],{"class":94},[69,25183,8935],{"class":336},[69,25185,488],{"class":94},[69,25187,3727],{"class":83},[14,25189,25190],{},"If you need a real list, convert it:",[60,25192,25194],{"className":62,"code":25193,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkey_list = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(key_list)\n",[17,25195,25196,25232,25251,25255],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,25197,25198,25200,25202,25204,25206,25208,25210,25212,25214,25216,25218,25220,25222,25224,25226,25228,25230],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,25199,8801],{"class":75},[69,25201,80],{"class":79},[69,25203,10128],{"class":83},[69,25205,333],{"class":94},[69,25207,7297],{"class":336},[69,25209,333],{"class":94},[69,25211,1044],{"class":83},[69,25213,964],{"class":94},[69,25215,12524],{"class":336},[69,25217,333],{"class":94},[69,25219,91],{"class":83},[69,25221,964],{"class":94},[69,25223,8935],{"class":336},[69,25225,333],{"class":94},[69,25227,1044],{"class":83},[69,25229,7420],{"class":87},[69,25231,8945],{"class":83},[69,25233,25234,25237,25239,25241,25243,25245,25247,25249],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,25235,25236],{"class":75},"key_list ",[69,25238,80],{"class":79},[69,25240,22211],{"class":1126},[69,25242,113],{"class":83},[69,25244,8840],{"class":121},[69,25246,25],{"class":83},[69,25248,16571],{"class":121},[69,25250,6822],{"class":83},[69,25252,25253],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,25254,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,25256,25257,25259,25261,25264],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,25258,110],{"class":109},[69,25260,113],{"class":83},[69,25262,25263],{"class":121},"key_list",[69,25265,221],{"class":83},[1369,25267,25269,25270,25272],{"id":25268},"trying-to-use-keys-on-a-list-or-string","Trying to use ",[17,25271,16713],{}," on a list or string",[14,25274,25275,25277],{},[17,25276,16713],{}," only works on dictionaries.",[14,25279,2705],{},[60,25281,25283],{"className":62,"code":25282,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.keys())\n",[17,25284,25285,25305],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,25286,25287,25289,25291,25293,25295,25297,25299,25301,25303],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,25288,801],{"class":75},[69,25290,80],{"class":79},[69,25292,84],{"class":83},[69,25294,473],{"class":87},[69,25296,91],{"class":83},[69,25298,316],{"class":87},[69,25300,91],{"class":83},[69,25302,516],{"class":87},[69,25304,103],{"class":83},[69,25306,25307,25309,25311,25313,25315,25317],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,25308,110],{"class":109},[69,25310,113],{"class":83},[69,25312,3512],{"class":121},[69,25314,25],{"class":83},[69,25316,16571],{"class":121},[69,25318,6822],{"class":83},[14,25320,25321,25322,25325,25326,25328,25329,25],{},"You may get an ",[17,25323,25324],{},"AttributeError"," because lists do not have a ",[17,25327,16713],{}," method. If that happens, see ",[192,25330,25332,25333,25336],{"href":25331},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","how to fix ",[17,25334,25335],{},"'object has no attribute'"," errors in Python",[1369,25338,25340],{"id":25339},"forgetting-parentheses","Forgetting parentheses",[14,25342,25343],{},"This is a very common mistake:",[60,25345,25347],{"className":62,"code":25346,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(data.keys)\n",[17,25348,25349,25373],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,25350,25351,25353,25355,25357,25359,25361,25363,25365,25367,25369,25371],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,25352,8801],{"class":75},[69,25354,80],{"class":79},[69,25356,10128],{"class":83},[69,25358,333],{"class":94},[69,25360,7297],{"class":336},[69,25362,333],{"class":94},[69,25364,1044],{"class":83},[69,25366,964],{"class":94},[69,25368,12524],{"class":336},[69,25370,333],{"class":94},[69,25372,8945],{"class":83},[69,25374,25375,25377,25379,25381,25383,25385],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,25376,110],{"class":109},[69,25378,113],{"class":83},[69,25380,8840],{"class":121},[69,25382,25],{"class":83},[69,25384,16571],{"class":24402},[69,25386,221],{"class":83},[14,25388,25389],{},"That prints the method object, not the keys.",[14,25391,18344],{},[60,25393,25395],{"className":62,"code":25394,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(data.keys())\n",[17,25396,25397],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,25398,25399,25401,25403,25405,25407,25409],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,25400,110],{"class":109},[69,25402,113],{"class":83},[69,25404,8840],{"class":121},[69,25406,25],{"class":83},[69,25408,16571],{"class":121},[69,25410,6822],{"class":83},[141,25412,2698],{"id":2697},[14,25414,25415,25416,1044],{},"These are the most common problems related to ",[17,25417,16713],{},[30,25419,25420,25425,25431,25437],{},[33,25421,8050,25422,25424],{},[17,25423,16713],{}," on a non-dictionary object",[33,25426,25427,25428,25430],{},"Thinking ",[17,25429,16713],{}," returns values too",[33,25432,25433,25434,25436],{},"Trying to index ",[17,25435,16662],{}," like a normal list",[33,25438,25439,25440,25442],{},"Forgetting to convert ",[17,25441,16662],{}," to a list when needed",[14,25444,25445],{},"For example, this may not work the way you expect:",[60,25447,25449],{"className":62,"code":25448,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = data.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\n# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[17,25450,25451,25483,25497,25501,25511],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,25452,25453,25455,25457,25459,25461,25463,25465,25467,25469,25471,25473,25475,25477,25479,25481],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,25454,8801],{"class":75},[69,25456,80],{"class":79},[69,25458,10128],{"class":83},[69,25460,333],{"class":94},[69,25462,192],{"class":336},[69,25464,333],{"class":94},[69,25466,1044],{"class":83},[69,25468,272],{"class":87},[69,25470,91],{"class":83},[69,25472,964],{"class":94},[69,25474,4587],{"class":336},[69,25476,333],{"class":94},[69,25478,1044],{"class":83},[69,25480,316],{"class":87},[69,25482,8945],{"class":83},[69,25484,25485,25487,25489,25491,25493,25495],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,25486,16890],{"class":75},[69,25488,80],{"class":79},[69,25490,14212],{"class":75},[69,25492,25],{"class":83},[69,25494,16571],{"class":121},[69,25496,8277],{"class":83},[69,25498,25499],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,25500,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,25502,25503,25505,25507,25509],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,25504,110],{"class":109},[69,25506,113],{"class":83},[69,25508,16571],{"class":121},[69,25510,221],{"class":83},[69,25512,25513],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,25514,25515],{"class":128},"# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[14,25517,25518],{},"If you need indexing, convert first:",[60,25520,25522],{"className":62,"code":25521,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(keys[0])\n",[17,25523,25524,25556,25574,25578],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,25525,25526,25528,25530,25532,25534,25536,25538,25540,25542,25544,25546,25548,25550,25552,25554],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,25527,8801],{"class":75},[69,25529,80],{"class":79},[69,25531,10128],{"class":83},[69,25533,333],{"class":94},[69,25535,192],{"class":336},[69,25537,333],{"class":94},[69,25539,1044],{"class":83},[69,25541,272],{"class":87},[69,25543,91],{"class":83},[69,25545,964],{"class":94},[69,25547,4587],{"class":336},[69,25549,333],{"class":94},[69,25551,1044],{"class":83},[69,25553,316],{"class":87},[69,25555,8945],{"class":83},[69,25557,25558,25560,25562,25564,25566,25568,25570,25572],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,25559,16890],{"class":75},[69,25561,80],{"class":79},[69,25563,22211],{"class":1126},[69,25565,113],{"class":83},[69,25567,8840],{"class":121},[69,25569,25],{"class":83},[69,25571,16571],{"class":121},[69,25573,6822],{"class":83},[69,25575,25576],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,25577,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,25579,25580,25582,25584,25586,25588,25590],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,25581,110],{"class":109},[69,25583,113],{"class":83},[69,25585,16571],{"class":121},[69,25587,3739],{"class":83},[69,25589,88],{"class":87},[69,25591,3727],{"class":83},[141,25593,25595],{"id":25594},"debugging-tips","Debugging tips",[14,25597,10752],{},[60,25599,25601],{"className":62,"code":25600,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(list(my_dict.keys()))\n",[17,25602,25603,25617,25627,25641],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,25604,25605,25607,25609,25611,25613,25615],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,25606,110],{"class":109},[69,25608,113],{"class":83},[69,25610,3087],{"class":1126},[69,25612,113],{"class":83},[69,25614,11090],{"class":121},[69,25616,342],{"class":83},[69,25618,25619,25621,25623,25625],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,25620,110],{"class":109},[69,25622,113],{"class":83},[69,25624,11090],{"class":121},[69,25626,221],{"class":83},[69,25628,25629,25631,25633,25635,25637,25639],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,25630,110],{"class":109},[69,25632,113],{"class":83},[69,25634,11090],{"class":121},[69,25636,25],{"class":83},[69,25638,16571],{"class":121},[69,25640,6822],{"class":83},[69,25642,25643,25645,25647,25649,25651,25653,25655,25657],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,25644,110],{"class":109},[69,25646,113],{"class":83},[69,25648,7725],{"class":1126},[69,25650,113],{"class":83},[69,25652,11090],{"class":121},[69,25654,25],{"class":83},[69,25656,16571],{"class":121},[69,25658,1130],{"class":83},[14,25660,25661],{},"These help you confirm:",[30,25663,25664,25667,25670,25675],{},[33,25665,25666],{},"whether the variable is really a dictionary",[33,25668,25669],{},"what data it contains",[33,25671,25672,25673,11347],{},"what ",[17,25674,16713],{},[33,25676,25677],{},"what the keys look like as a list",[141,25679,1651],{"id":1650},[1369,25681,23570,25683,4972],{"id":25682},"what-does-dictionary-keys-return-in-python",[17,25684,16713],{},[14,25686,17070,25687,25689],{},[17,25688,16662],{}," view object containing all keys in the dictionary.",[1369,25691,14549,25693,25696],{"id":25692},"is-dictkeys-a-list",[17,25694,25695],{},"dict.keys()"," a list?",[14,25698,25699,25700,25702,25703,25],{},"No. It returns a ",[17,25701,16662],{}," object. You can convert it with ",[17,25704,25705],{},"list(dict.keys())",[1369,25707,25709,25710,2359],{"id":25708},"can-i-loop-through-dictkeys","Can I loop through ",[17,25711,25695],{},[14,25713,25714,25715,25717],{},"Yes. You can use it in a ",[17,25716,774],{}," loop.",[1369,25719,25721,25722,25724],{"id":25720},"do-i-need-to-use-keys-to-loop-through-a-dictionary","Do I need to use ",[17,25723,16713],{}," to loop through a dictionary?",[14,25726,25727,25728,25730],{},"No. You can loop directly over the dictionary, but ",[17,25729,16713],{}," makes your intent clearer.",[1369,25732,25734],{"id":25733},"how-do-i-get-the-keys-as-a-list","How do I get the keys as a list?",[14,25736,132,25737,25],{},[17,25738,25739],{},"list(my_dict.keys())",[141,25741,1771],{"id":1770},[30,25743,25744,25749,25755,25761,25767,25771],{},[33,25745,25746],{},[192,25747,25748],{"href":9027},"How to create a dictionary in Python",[33,25750,25751],{},[192,25752,10375,25753,10379],{"href":16716},[17,25754,16719],{},[33,25756,25757],{},[192,25758,10375,25759,10379],{"href":16723},[17,25760,16726],{},[33,25762,25763],{},[192,25764,25766],{"href":25765},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-keys-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all keys from a dictionary in Python",[33,25768,25769],{},[192,25770,16802],{"href":16801},[33,25772,25773],{},[192,25774,25775,25776,25336],{"href":25331},"How to fix ",[17,25777,25335],{},[1802,25779,25780],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":25782},[25783,25784,25786,25787,25788,25789,25790,25792,25801,25802,25803,25814],{"id":1869,"depth":106,"text":1870},{"id":23901,"depth":106,"text":25785},"What keys() does",{"id":597,"depth":106,"text":598},{"id":200,"depth":106,"text":201},{"id":17066,"depth":106,"text":17067},{"id":24591,"depth":106,"text":24592},{"id":24747,"depth":106,"text":25791},"When to use keys()",{"id":25009,"depth":106,"text":25010,"children":25793},[25794,25796,25798,25800],{"id":25018,"depth":300,"text":25795},"Expecting keys() to return key-value pairs",{"id":25124,"depth":300,"text":25797},"Expecting a list instead of dict_keys",{"id":25268,"depth":300,"text":25799},"Trying to use keys() on a list or string",{"id":25339,"depth":300,"text":25340},{"id":2697,"depth":106,"text":2698},{"id":25594,"depth":106,"text":25595},{"id":1650,"depth":106,"text":1651,"children":25804},[25805,25807,25809,25811,25813],{"id":25682,"depth":300,"text":25806},"What does dictionary keys() return in Python?",{"id":25692,"depth":300,"text":25808},"Is dict.keys() a list?",{"id":25708,"depth":300,"text":25810},"Can I loop through dict.keys()?",{"id":25720,"depth":300,"text":25812},"Do I need to use keys() to loop through a dictionary?",{"id":25733,"depth":300,"text":25734},{"id":1770,"depth":106,"text":1771},"Master python dictionary keys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":23723,"description":25815},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method","yoVvP2jVvnq--2L4aIR-uzvril2Qb_tpY3cJkvKn9RU",{"id":25821,"title":25822,"body":25823,"description":28096,"extension":1828,"meta":28097,"navigation":833,"path":28098,"seo":28099,"stem":28100,"__hash__":28101},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method.md","Python Dictionary pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":25824,"toc":28049},[25825,25830,25835,25838,25840,25986,25999,26004,26008,26022,26024,26127,26136,26138,26141,26179,26204,26206,26313,26315,26322,26325,26333,26335,26476,26484,26489,26493,26504,26506,26668,26671,26679,26686,26692,26789,26795,26872,26875,26887,26892,26898,26901,26905,26994,26997,27001,27105,27112,27199,27208,27210,27215,27221,27224,27270,27273,27339,27348,27354,27447,27453,27459,27502,27505,27570,27576,27668,27671,27675,27681,27706,27709,27805,27812,27814,27819,27910,27912,27940,27945,27947,27954,27957,27961,27971,27976,27979,27986,27996,28003,28011,28013,28046],[10,25826,10958,25828,10962],{"id":25827},"python-dictionary-pop-method",[17,25829,12406],{},[14,25831,25832,25834],{},[17,25833,12212],{}," removes a key from a dictionary and returns the value that was stored under that key.",[14,25836,25837],{},"This method is useful when you want to delete a key and still keep its value for later use. It is also a common way to remove a key safely when you provide a default value.",[141,25839,3473],{"id":3472},[60,25841,25843],{"className":62,"code":25842,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nremoved_age = person.pop(\"age\")\nprint(removed_age)   # 25\nprint(person)        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n\n# Safe version with default value\ncountry = person.pop(\"country\", \"Not found\")\nprint(country)       # Not found\n",[17,25844,25845,25881,25905,25919,25932,25936,25941,25973],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,25846,25847,25849,25851,25853,25855,25857,25859,25861,25863,25865,25867,25869,25871,25873,25875,25877,25879],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,25848,12849],{"class":75},[69,25850,80],{"class":79},[69,25852,10128],{"class":83},[69,25854,333],{"class":94},[69,25856,7297],{"class":336},[69,25858,333],{"class":94},[69,25860,1044],{"class":83},[69,25862,964],{"class":94},[69,25864,12524],{"class":336},[69,25866,333],{"class":94},[69,25868,91],{"class":83},[69,25870,964],{"class":94},[69,25872,8935],{"class":336},[69,25874,333],{"class":94},[69,25876,1044],{"class":83},[69,25878,8942],{"class":87},[69,25880,8945],{"class":83},[69,25882,25883,25886,25888,25890,25892,25895,25897,25899,25901,25903],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,25884,25885],{"class":75},"removed_age ",[69,25887,80],{"class":79},[69,25889,12892],{"class":75},[69,25891,25],{"class":83},[69,25893,25894],{"class":121},"pop",[69,25896,113],{"class":83},[69,25898,333],{"class":94},[69,25900,8935],{"class":336},[69,25902,333],{"class":94},[69,25904,221],{"class":83},[69,25906,25907,25909,25911,25914,25916],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,25908,110],{"class":109},[69,25910,113],{"class":83},[69,25912,25913],{"class":121},"removed_age",[69,25915,3525],{"class":83},[69,25917,25918],{"class":128},"   # 25\n",[69,25920,25921,25923,25925,25927,25929],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,25922,110],{"class":109},[69,25924,113],{"class":83},[69,25926,16955],{"class":121},[69,25928,3525],{"class":83},[69,25930,25931],{"class":128},"        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[69,25933,25934],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,25935,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,25937,25938],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,25939,25940],{"class":128},"# Safe version with default value\n",[69,25942,25943,25946,25948,25950,25952,25954,25956,25958,25960,25962,25964,25966,25969,25971],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,25944,25945],{"class":75},"country ",[69,25947,80],{"class":79},[69,25949,12892],{"class":75},[69,25951,25],{"class":83},[69,25953,25894],{"class":121},[69,25955,113],{"class":83},[69,25957,333],{"class":94},[69,25959,14908],{"class":336},[69,25961,333],{"class":94},[69,25963,91],{"class":83},[69,25965,964],{"class":94},[69,25967,25968],{"class":336},"Not found",[69,25970,333],{"class":94},[69,25972,221],{"class":83},[69,25974,25975,25977,25979,25981,25983],{"class":71,"line":1269},[69,25976,110],{"class":109},[69,25978,113],{"class":83},[69,25980,14908],{"class":121},[69,25982,3525],{"class":83},[69,25984,25985],{"class":128},"       # Not found\n",[14,25987,132,25988,25991,25992,25995,25996,25998],{},[17,25989,25990],{},"pop(key)"," to remove a key and get its value. Use ",[17,25993,25994],{},"pop(key, default)"," to avoid a ",[17,25997,19337],{}," when the key might not exist.",[141,26000,3540,26002,3543],{"id":26001},"what-dictpop-does",[17,26003,12212],{},[14,26005,26006,1044],{},[17,26007,12212],{},[30,26009,26010,26013,26016,26019],{},[33,26011,26012],{},"Removes one key from a dictionary",[33,26014,26015],{},"Returns the value that belonged to that key",[33,26017,26018],{},"Changes the original dictionary",[33,26020,26021],{},"Works only with dictionary keys, not positions",[14,26023,2076],{},[60,26025,26027],{"className":62,"code":26026,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"user = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"city\": \"Paris\"}\n\nremoved_city = user.pop(\"city\")\n\nprint(removed_city)  # Paris\nprint(user)          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[17,26028,26029,26069,26073,26096,26100,26114],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,26030,26031,26033,26035,26037,26039,26041,26043,26045,26047,26049,26051,26053,26055,26057,26059,26061,26063,26065,26067],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,26032,11129],{"class":75},[69,26034,80],{"class":79},[69,26036,10128],{"class":83},[69,26038,333],{"class":94},[69,26040,7297],{"class":336},[69,26042,333],{"class":94},[69,26044,1044],{"class":83},[69,26046,964],{"class":94},[69,26048,12866],{"class":336},[69,26050,333],{"class":94},[69,26052,91],{"class":83},[69,26054,964],{"class":94},[69,26056,10046],{"class":336},[69,26058,333],{"class":94},[69,26060,1044],{"class":83},[69,26062,964],{"class":94},[69,26064,10053],{"class":336},[69,26066,333],{"class":94},[69,26068,8945],{"class":83},[69,26070,26071],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,26072,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,26074,26075,26078,26080,26082,26084,26086,26088,26090,26092,26094],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,26076,26077],{"class":75},"removed_city ",[69,26079,80],{"class":79},[69,26081,11212],{"class":75},[69,26083,25],{"class":83},[69,26085,25894],{"class":121},[69,26087,113],{"class":83},[69,26089,333],{"class":94},[69,26091,10046],{"class":336},[69,26093,333],{"class":94},[69,26095,221],{"class":83},[69,26097,26098],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,26099,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,26101,26102,26104,26106,26109,26111],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,26103,110],{"class":109},[69,26105,113],{"class":83},[69,26107,26108],{"class":121},"removed_city",[69,26110,3525],{"class":83},[69,26112,26113],{"class":128},"  # Paris\n",[69,26115,26116,26118,26120,26122,26124],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,26117,110],{"class":109},[69,26119,113],{"class":83},[69,26121,11223],{"class":121},[69,26123,3525],{"class":83},[69,26125,26126],{"class":128},"          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[14,26128,20421,26129,26132,26133,25],{},[17,26130,26131],{},"\"city\""," is the key being removed. The method returns its value, which is ",[17,26134,26135],{},"\"Paris\"",[141,26137,2024],{"id":2023},[14,26139,26140],{},"There are two common forms:",[60,26142,26144],{"className":62,"code":26143,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_dict.pop(key)\nmy_dict.pop(key, default)\n",[17,26145,26146,26160],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,26147,26148,26150,26152,26154,26156,26158],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,26149,11090],{"class":75},[69,26151,25],{"class":83},[69,26153,25894],{"class":121},[69,26155,113],{"class":83},[69,26157,14487],{"class":121},[69,26159,221],{"class":83},[69,26161,26162,26164,26166,26168,26170,26172,26174,26177],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,26163,11090],{"class":75},[69,26165,25],{"class":83},[69,26167,25894],{"class":121},[69,26169,113],{"class":83},[69,26171,14487],{"class":121},[69,26173,91],{"class":83},[69,26175,26176],{"class":121}," default",[69,26178,221],{"class":83},[30,26180,26181,26187,26195,26201],{},[33,26182,26183,26186],{},[17,26184,26185],{},"dict.pop(key)"," removes the key if it exists",[33,26188,26189,26191,26192,26194],{},[17,26190,26185],{}," raises ",[17,26193,19337],{}," if the key is missing",[33,26196,26197,26200],{},[17,26198,26199],{},"dict.pop(key, default)"," returns the default value if the key is missing",[33,26202,26203],{},"The second form is safer when you are not sure the key exists",[14,26205,2076],{},[60,26207,26209],{"className":62,"code":26208,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"science\": 85}\n\nprint(scores.pop(\"math\"))         # 90\nprint(scores.pop(\"history\", 0))   # 0\nprint(scores)                     # {'science': 85}\n",[17,26210,26211,26243,26247,26272,26300],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,26212,26213,26215,26217,26219,26221,26223,26225,26227,26229,26231,26233,26235,26237,26239,26241],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,26214,4891],{"class":75},[69,26216,80],{"class":79},[69,26218,10128],{"class":83},[69,26220,333],{"class":94},[69,26222,18066],{"class":336},[69,26224,333],{"class":94},[69,26226,1044],{"class":83},[69,26228,19548],{"class":87},[69,26230,91],{"class":83},[69,26232,964],{"class":94},[69,26234,18075],{"class":336},[69,26236,333],{"class":94},[69,26238,1044],{"class":83},[69,26240,13152],{"class":87},[69,26242,8945],{"class":83},[69,26244,26245],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,26246,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,26248,26249,26251,26253,26255,26257,26259,26261,26263,26265,26267,26269],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,26250,110],{"class":109},[69,26252,113],{"class":83},[69,26254,16036],{"class":121},[69,26256,25],{"class":83},[69,26258,25894],{"class":121},[69,26260,113],{"class":83},[69,26262,333],{"class":94},[69,26264,18066],{"class":336},[69,26266,333],{"class":94},[69,26268,125],{"class":83},[69,26270,26271],{"class":128},"         # 90\n",[69,26273,26274,26276,26278,26280,26282,26284,26286,26288,26290,26292,26294,26296,26298],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,26275,110],{"class":109},[69,26277,113],{"class":83},[69,26279,16036],{"class":121},[69,26281,25],{"class":83},[69,26283,25894],{"class":121},[69,26285,113],{"class":83},[69,26287,333],{"class":94},[69,26289,18084],{"class":336},[69,26291,333],{"class":94},[69,26293,91],{"class":83},[69,26295,267],{"class":87},[69,26297,125],{"class":83},[69,26299,20418],{"class":128},[69,26301,26302,26304,26306,26308,26310],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,26303,110],{"class":109},[69,26305,113],{"class":83},[69,26307,16036],{"class":121},[69,26309,3525],{"class":83},[69,26311,26312],{"class":128},"                     # {'science': 85}\n",[141,26314,17067],{"id":17066},[14,26316,26317,13699,26319,26321],{},[17,26318,12406],{},[22,26320,4457],{}," return the updated dictionary.",[14,26323,26324],{},"Instead, it returns:",[30,26326,26327,26330],{},[33,26328,26329],{},"The removed value when the key exists",[33,26331,26332],{},"The default value if you provided one and the key is missing",[14,26334,2076],{},[60,26336,26338],{"className":62,"code":26337,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = {\"a\": 10, \"b\": 20}\n\nresult1 = data.pop(\"a\")\nresult2 = data.pop(\"c\", \"missing\")\n\nprint(result1)  # 10\nprint(result2)  # missing\nprint(data)     # {'b': 20}\n",[17,26339,26340,26372,26376,26399,26431,26435,26449,26463],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,26341,26342,26344,26346,26348,26350,26352,26354,26356,26358,26360,26362,26364,26366,26368,26370],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,26343,8801],{"class":75},[69,26345,80],{"class":79},[69,26347,10128],{"class":83},[69,26349,333],{"class":94},[69,26351,192],{"class":336},[69,26353,333],{"class":94},[69,26355,1044],{"class":83},[69,26357,826],{"class":87},[69,26359,91],{"class":83},[69,26361,964],{"class":94},[69,26363,4587],{"class":336},[69,26365,333],{"class":94},[69,26367,1044],{"class":83},[69,26369,7420],{"class":87},[69,26371,8945],{"class":83},[69,26373,26374],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,26375,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,26377,26378,26381,26383,26385,26387,26389,26391,26393,26395,26397],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,26379,26380],{"class":75},"result1 ",[69,26382,80],{"class":79},[69,26384,14212],{"class":75},[69,26386,25],{"class":83},[69,26388,25894],{"class":121},[69,26390,113],{"class":83},[69,26392,333],{"class":94},[69,26394,192],{"class":336},[69,26396,333],{"class":94},[69,26398,221],{"class":83},[69,26400,26401,26404,26406,26408,26410,26412,26414,26416,26418,26420,26422,26424,26427,26429],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,26402,26403],{"class":75},"result2 ",[69,26405,80],{"class":79},[69,26407,14212],{"class":75},[69,26409,25],{"class":83},[69,26411,25894],{"class":121},[69,26413,113],{"class":83},[69,26415,333],{"class":94},[69,26417,9376],{"class":336},[69,26419,333],{"class":94},[69,26421,91],{"class":83},[69,26423,964],{"class":94},[69,26425,26426],{"class":336},"missing",[69,26428,333],{"class":94},[69,26430,221],{"class":83},[69,26432,26433],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,26434,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,26436,26437,26439,26441,26444,26446],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,26438,110],{"class":109},[69,26440,113],{"class":83},[69,26442,26443],{"class":121},"result1",[69,26445,3525],{"class":83},[69,26447,26448],{"class":128},"  # 10\n",[69,26450,26451,26453,26455,26458,26460],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,26452,110],{"class":109},[69,26454,113],{"class":83},[69,26456,26457],{"class":121},"result2",[69,26459,3525],{"class":83},[69,26461,26462],{"class":128},"  # missing\n",[69,26464,26465,26467,26469,26471,26473],{"class":71,"line":1269},[69,26466,110],{"class":109},[69,26468,113],{"class":83},[69,26470,8840],{"class":121},[69,26472,3525],{"class":83},[69,26474,26475],{"class":128},"     # {'b': 20}\n",[14,26477,26478,26479,1481],{},"If you only want to read a value without removing it, use ",[192,26480,26481],{"href":10374},[17,26482,26483],{},"dict.get()",[141,26485,4788,26487],{"id":26486},"when-to-use-pop",[17,26488,12406],{},[14,26490,132,26491,10239],{},[17,26492,12406],{},[30,26494,26495,26498,26501],{},[33,26496,26497],{},"You want to remove a key and keep its value",[33,26499,26500],{},"You are processing dictionary data step by step",[33,26502,26503],{},"You are cleaning or extracting values from a dictionary",[14,26505,2076],{},[60,26507,26509],{"className":62,"code":26508,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"product = {\"name\": \"Laptop\", \"price\": 1200, \"discount\": 200}\n\ndiscount_amount = product.pop(\"discount\", 0)\n\nfinal_price = product[\"price\"] - discount_amount\n\nprint(discount_amount)  # 200\nprint(final_price)      # 1000\nprint(product)          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[17,26510,26511,26563,26567,26594,26598,26622,26626,26640,26654],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,26512,26513,26515,26517,26519,26521,26523,26525,26527,26529,26532,26534,26536,26538,26540,26542,26544,26547,26549,26551,26554,26556,26558,26561],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,26514,24776],{"class":75},[69,26516,80],{"class":79},[69,26518,10128],{"class":83},[69,26520,333],{"class":94},[69,26522,7297],{"class":336},[69,26524,333],{"class":94},[69,26526,1044],{"class":83},[69,26528,964],{"class":94},[69,26530,26531],{"class":336},"Laptop",[69,26533,333],{"class":94},[69,26535,91],{"class":83},[69,26537,964],{"class":94},[69,26539,24802],{"class":336},[69,26541,333],{"class":94},[69,26543,1044],{"class":83},[69,26545,26546],{"class":87}," 1200",[69,26548,91],{"class":83},[69,26550,964],{"class":94},[69,26552,26553],{"class":336},"discount",[69,26555,333],{"class":94},[69,26557,1044],{"class":83},[69,26559,26560],{"class":87}," 200",[69,26562,8945],{"class":83},[69,26564,26565],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,26566,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,26568,26569,26572,26574,26576,26578,26580,26582,26584,26586,26588,26590,26592],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,26570,26571],{"class":75},"discount_amount ",[69,26573,80],{"class":79},[69,26575,24854],{"class":75},[69,26577,25],{"class":83},[69,26579,25894],{"class":121},[69,26581,113],{"class":83},[69,26583,333],{"class":94},[69,26585,26553],{"class":336},[69,26587,333],{"class":94},[69,26589,91],{"class":83},[69,26591,267],{"class":87},[69,26593,221],{"class":83},[69,26595,26596],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,26597,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,26599,26600,26603,26605,26607,26609,26611,26613,26615,26617,26619],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,26601,26602],{"class":75},"final_price ",[69,26604,80],{"class":79},[69,26606,24854],{"class":75},[69,26608,3739],{"class":83},[69,26610,333],{"class":94},[69,26612,24802],{"class":336},[69,26614,333],{"class":94},[69,26616,12918],{"class":83},[69,26618,818],{"class":79},[69,26620,26621],{"class":75}," discount_amount\n",[69,26623,26624],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,26625,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,26627,26628,26630,26632,26635,26637],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,26629,110],{"class":109},[69,26631,113],{"class":83},[69,26633,26634],{"class":121},"discount_amount",[69,26636,3525],{"class":83},[69,26638,26639],{"class":128},"  # 200\n",[69,26641,26642,26644,26646,26649,26651],{"class":71,"line":1269},[69,26643,110],{"class":109},[69,26645,113],{"class":83},[69,26647,26648],{"class":121},"final_price",[69,26650,3525],{"class":83},[69,26652,26653],{"class":128},"      # 1000\n",[69,26655,26656,26658,26660,26663,26665],{"class":71,"line":1275},[69,26657,110],{"class":109},[69,26659,113],{"class":83},[69,26661,26662],{"class":121},"product",[69,26664,3525],{"class":83},[69,26666,26667],{"class":128},"          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[14,26669,26670],{},"This is helpful when you want to take one piece of data out and then continue working with the remaining dictionary.",[141,26672,26674,10223,26676],{"id":26673},"pop-vs-del",[17,26675,12406],{},[17,26677,26678],{},"del",[14,26680,10228,26681,587,26683,26685],{},[17,26682,12406],{},[17,26684,26678],{}," can remove a key from a dictionary, but they are not the same.",[1369,26687,132,26689,26691],{"id":26688},"use-pop-when-you-need-the-removed-value",[17,26690,12406],{}," when you need the removed value",[60,26693,26695],{"className":62,"code":26694,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nage = person.pop(\"age\")\n\nprint(age)     # 25\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[17,26696,26697,26733,26737,26759,26763,26776],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,26698,26699,26701,26703,26705,26707,26709,26711,26713,26715,26717,26719,26721,26723,26725,26727,26729,26731],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,26700,12849],{"class":75},[69,26702,80],{"class":79},[69,26704,10128],{"class":83},[69,26706,333],{"class":94},[69,26708,7297],{"class":336},[69,26710,333],{"class":94},[69,26712,1044],{"class":83},[69,26714,964],{"class":94},[69,26716,12524],{"class":336},[69,26718,333],{"class":94},[69,26720,91],{"class":83},[69,26722,964],{"class":94},[69,26724,8935],{"class":336},[69,26726,333],{"class":94},[69,26728,1044],{"class":83},[69,26730,8942],{"class":87},[69,26732,8945],{"class":83},[69,26734,26735],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,26736,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,26738,26739,26741,26743,26745,26747,26749,26751,26753,26755,26757],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,26740,21279],{"class":75},[69,26742,80],{"class":79},[69,26744,12892],{"class":75},[69,26746,25],{"class":83},[69,26748,25894],{"class":121},[69,26750,113],{"class":83},[69,26752,333],{"class":94},[69,26754,8935],{"class":336},[69,26756,333],{"class":94},[69,26758,221],{"class":83},[69,26760,26761],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,26762,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,26764,26765,26767,26769,26771,26773],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,26766,110],{"class":109},[69,26768,113],{"class":83},[69,26770,8935],{"class":121},[69,26772,3525],{"class":83},[69,26774,26775],{"class":128},"     # 25\n",[69,26777,26778,26780,26782,26784,26786],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,26779,110],{"class":109},[69,26781,113],{"class":83},[69,26783,16955],{"class":121},[69,26785,3525],{"class":83},[69,26787,26788],{"class":128},"  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[1369,26790,132,26792,26794],{"id":26791},"use-del-when-you-only-want-deletion",[17,26793,26678],{}," when you only want deletion",[60,26796,26798],{"className":62,"code":26797,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\ndel person[\"age\"]\n\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[17,26799,26800,26836,26840,26856,26860],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,26801,26802,26804,26806,26808,26810,26812,26814,26816,26818,26820,26822,26824,26826,26828,26830,26832,26834],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,26803,12849],{"class":75},[69,26805,80],{"class":79},[69,26807,10128],{"class":83},[69,26809,333],{"class":94},[69,26811,7297],{"class":336},[69,26813,333],{"class":94},[69,26815,1044],{"class":83},[69,26817,964],{"class":94},[69,26819,12524],{"class":336},[69,26821,333],{"class":94},[69,26823,91],{"class":83},[69,26825,964],{"class":94},[69,26827,8935],{"class":336},[69,26829,333],{"class":94},[69,26831,1044],{"class":83},[69,26833,8942],{"class":87},[69,26835,8945],{"class":83},[69,26837,26838],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,26839,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,26841,26842,26844,26846,26848,26850,26852,26854],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,26843,26678],{"class":773},[69,26845,12892],{"class":75},[69,26847,3739],{"class":83},[69,26849,333],{"class":94},[69,26851,8935],{"class":336},[69,26853,333],{"class":94},[69,26855,103],{"class":83},[69,26857,26858],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,26859,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,26861,26862,26864,26866,26868,26870],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,26863,110],{"class":109},[69,26865,113],{"class":83},[69,26867,16955],{"class":121},[69,26869,3525],{"class":83},[69,26871,26788],{"class":128},[14,26873,26874],{},"Difference:",[30,26876,26877,26882],{},[33,26878,26879,26881],{},[17,26880,12406],{}," removes a key and returns its value",[33,26883,26884,26886],{},[17,26885,26678],{}," removes a key but does not return the value",[14,26888,26889,26890,25],{},"If your goal is simply to remove a key, see ",[192,26891,12217],{"href":12216},[141,26893,26895,26896],{"id":26894},"how-to-avoid-keyerror","How to avoid ",[17,26897,19337],{},[14,26899,26900],{},"A common beginner problem is trying to remove a key that does not exist.",[1369,26902,26904],{"id":26903},"option-1-use-a-default-value","Option 1: Use a default value",[60,26906,26908],{"className":62,"code":26907,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.pop(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[17,26909,26910,26935,26939,26965,26969,26981],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,26911,26912,26914,26916,26918,26920,26922,26924,26926,26928,26931,26933],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,26913,11366],{"class":75},[69,26915,80],{"class":79},[69,26917,10128],{"class":83},[69,26919,333],{"class":94},[69,26921,7297],{"class":336},[69,26923,333],{"class":94},[69,26925,1044],{"class":83},[69,26927,964],{"class":94},[69,26929,26930],{"class":336},"Sara",[69,26932,333],{"class":94},[69,26934,8945],{"class":83},[69,26936,26937],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,26938,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,26940,26941,26943,26945,26947,26949,26951,26953,26955,26957,26959,26961,26963],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,26942,2313],{"class":75},[69,26944,80],{"class":79},[69,26946,11408],{"class":75},[69,26948,25],{"class":83},[69,26950,25894],{"class":121},[69,26952,113],{"class":83},[69,26954,333],{"class":94},[69,26956,8935],{"class":336},[69,26958,333],{"class":94},[69,26960,91],{"class":83},[69,26962,567],{"class":289},[69,26964,221],{"class":83},[69,26966,26967],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,26968,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,26970,26971,26973,26975,26977,26979],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,26972,110],{"class":109},[69,26974,113],{"class":83},[69,26976,2339],{"class":121},[69,26978,3525],{"class":83},[69,26980,20211],{"class":128},[69,26982,26983,26985,26987,26989,26991],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,26984,110],{"class":109},[69,26986,113],{"class":83},[69,26988,11090],{"class":121},[69,26990,3525],{"class":83},[69,26992,26993],{"class":128}," # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[14,26995,26996],{},"This is the safest and shortest option.",[1369,26998,27000],{"id":26999},"option-2-check-first","Option 2: Check first",[60,27002,27004],{"className":62,"code":27003,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nif \"age\" in my_dict:\n    value = my_dict.pop(\"age\")\n    print(value)\nelse:\n    print(\"Key not found\")\n",[17,27005,27006,27030,27034,27050,27073,27083,27090],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,27007,27008,27010,27012,27014,27016,27018,27020,27022,27024,27026,27028],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,27009,11366],{"class":75},[69,27011,80],{"class":79},[69,27013,10128],{"class":83},[69,27015,333],{"class":94},[69,27017,7297],{"class":336},[69,27019,333],{"class":94},[69,27021,1044],{"class":83},[69,27023,964],{"class":94},[69,27025,26930],{"class":336},[69,27027,333],{"class":94},[69,27029,8945],{"class":83},[69,27031,27032],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,27033,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,27035,27036,27038,27040,27042,27044,27046,27048],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,27037,6625],{"class":773},[69,27039,964],{"class":94},[69,27041,8935],{"class":336},[69,27043,333],{"class":94},[69,27045,20824],{"class":79},[69,27047,11408],{"class":75},[69,27049,1235],{"class":83},[69,27051,27052,27055,27057,27059,27061,27063,27065,27067,27069,27071],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,27053,27054],{"class":75},"    value ",[69,27056,80],{"class":79},[69,27058,11408],{"class":75},[69,27060,25],{"class":83},[69,27062,25894],{"class":121},[69,27064,113],{"class":83},[69,27066,333],{"class":94},[69,27068,8935],{"class":336},[69,27070,333],{"class":94},[69,27072,221],{"class":83},[69,27074,27075,27077,27079,27081],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,27076,7700],{"class":109},[69,27078,113],{"class":83},[69,27080,2339],{"class":121},[69,27082,221],{"class":83},[69,27084,27085,27088],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,27086,27087],{"class":773},"else",[69,27089,1235],{"class":83},[69,27091,27092,27094,27096,27098,27101,27103],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,27093,7700],{"class":109},[69,27095,113],{"class":83},[69,27097,333],{"class":94},[69,27099,27100],{"class":336},"Key not found",[69,27102,333],{"class":94},[69,27104,221],{"class":83},[1369,27106,27108,27109,27111],{"id":27107},"option-3-use-get-if-you-do-not-want-to-remove-anything","Option 3: Use ",[17,27110,10378],{}," if you do not want to remove anything",[60,27113,27115],{"className":62,"code":27114,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.get(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[17,27116,27117,27141,27145,27171,27175,27187],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,27118,27119,27121,27123,27125,27127,27129,27131,27133,27135,27137,27139],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,27120,11366],{"class":75},[69,27122,80],{"class":79},[69,27124,10128],{"class":83},[69,27126,333],{"class":94},[69,27128,7297],{"class":336},[69,27130,333],{"class":94},[69,27132,1044],{"class":83},[69,27134,964],{"class":94},[69,27136,26930],{"class":336},[69,27138,333],{"class":94},[69,27140,8945],{"class":83},[69,27142,27143],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,27144,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,27146,27147,27149,27151,27153,27155,27157,27159,27161,27163,27165,27167,27169],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,27148,2313],{"class":75},[69,27150,80],{"class":79},[69,27152,11408],{"class":75},[69,27154,25],{"class":83},[69,27156,19400],{"class":121},[69,27158,113],{"class":83},[69,27160,333],{"class":94},[69,27162,8935],{"class":336},[69,27164,333],{"class":94},[69,27166,91],{"class":83},[69,27168,567],{"class":289},[69,27170,221],{"class":83},[69,27172,27173],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,27174,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,27176,27177,27179,27181,27183,27185],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,27178,110],{"class":109},[69,27180,113],{"class":83},[69,27182,2339],{"class":121},[69,27184,3525],{"class":83},[69,27186,20211],{"class":128},[69,27188,27189,27191,27193,27195,27197],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,27190,110],{"class":109},[69,27192,113],{"class":83},[69,27194,11090],{"class":121},[69,27196,3525],{"class":83},[69,27198,26993],{"class":128},[14,27200,132,27201,27205,27206,25],{},[192,27202,27203],{"href":10374},[17,27204,26483],{}," when you only need to read a value. If you are seeing this error already, read ",[192,27207,10902],{"href":10713},[141,27209,1362],{"id":1361},[14,27211,27212,27213,25],{},"Here are some mistakes that happen often with ",[17,27214,12212],{},[1369,27216,25427,27218,27220],{"id":27217},"thinking-pop-removes-by-position-like-a-list",[17,27219,12406],{}," removes by position like a list",[14,27222,27223],{},"Lists use indexes:",[60,27225,27227],{"className":62,"code":27226,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.pop(1))  # 20\n",[17,27228,27229,27249],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,27230,27231,27233,27235,27237,27239,27241,27243,27245,27247],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,27232,801],{"class":75},[69,27234,80],{"class":79},[69,27236,84],{"class":83},[69,27238,2197],{"class":87},[69,27240,91],{"class":83},[69,27242,7420],{"class":87},[69,27244,91],{"class":83},[69,27246,7425],{"class":87},[69,27248,103],{"class":83},[69,27250,27251,27253,27255,27257,27259,27261,27263,27265,27267],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,27252,110],{"class":109},[69,27254,113],{"class":83},[69,27256,3512],{"class":121},[69,27258,25],{"class":83},[69,27260,25894],{"class":121},[69,27262,113],{"class":83},[69,27264,473],{"class":87},[69,27266,125],{"class":83},[69,27268,27269],{"class":128},"  # 20\n",[14,27271,27272],{},"Dictionaries use keys:",[60,27274,27276],{"className":62,"code":27275,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nprint(person.pop(\"age\"))  # 25\n",[17,27277,27278,27314],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,27279,27280,27282,27284,27286,27288,27290,27292,27294,27296,27298,27300,27302,27304,27306,27308,27310,27312],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,27281,12849],{"class":75},[69,27283,80],{"class":79},[69,27285,10128],{"class":83},[69,27287,333],{"class":94},[69,27289,7297],{"class":336},[69,27291,333],{"class":94},[69,27293,1044],{"class":83},[69,27295,964],{"class":94},[69,27297,12524],{"class":336},[69,27299,333],{"class":94},[69,27301,91],{"class":83},[69,27303,964],{"class":94},[69,27305,8935],{"class":336},[69,27307,333],{"class":94},[69,27309,1044],{"class":83},[69,27311,8942],{"class":87},[69,27313,8945],{"class":83},[69,27315,27316,27318,27320,27322,27324,27326,27328,27330,27332,27334,27336],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,27317,110],{"class":109},[69,27319,113],{"class":83},[69,27321,16955],{"class":121},[69,27323,25],{"class":83},[69,27325,25894],{"class":121},[69,27327,113],{"class":83},[69,27329,333],{"class":94},[69,27331,8935],{"class":336},[69,27333,333],{"class":94},[69,27335,125],{"class":83},[69,27337,27338],{"class":128},"  # 25\n",[14,27340,27341,27342,27344,27345,27347],{},"A dictionary does ",[22,27343,4457],{}," use positions with ",[17,27346,12406],{},". It uses keys.",[1369,27349,4530,27351,27353],{"id":27350},"forgetting-that-pop-changes-the-original-dictionary",[17,27352,12406],{}," changes the original dictionary",[60,27355,27357],{"className":62,"code":27356,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"x\")\n\nprint(value)  # 1\nprint(data)   # {'y': 2}\n",[17,27358,27359,27391,27395,27417,27421,27434],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,27360,27361,27363,27365,27367,27369,27371,27373,27375,27377,27379,27381,27383,27385,27387,27389],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,27362,8801],{"class":75},[69,27364,80],{"class":79},[69,27366,10128],{"class":83},[69,27368,333],{"class":94},[69,27370,2041],{"class":336},[69,27372,333],{"class":94},[69,27374,1044],{"class":83},[69,27376,272],{"class":87},[69,27378,91],{"class":83},[69,27380,964],{"class":94},[69,27382,11387],{"class":336},[69,27384,333],{"class":94},[69,27386,1044],{"class":83},[69,27388,316],{"class":87},[69,27390,8945],{"class":83},[69,27392,27393],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,27394,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,27396,27397,27399,27401,27403,27405,27407,27409,27411,27413,27415],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,27398,2313],{"class":75},[69,27400,80],{"class":79},[69,27402,14212],{"class":75},[69,27404,25],{"class":83},[69,27406,25894],{"class":121},[69,27408,113],{"class":83},[69,27410,333],{"class":94},[69,27412,2041],{"class":336},[69,27414,333],{"class":94},[69,27416,221],{"class":83},[69,27418,27419],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,27420,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,27422,27423,27425,27427,27429,27431],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,27424,110],{"class":109},[69,27426,113],{"class":83},[69,27428,2339],{"class":121},[69,27430,3525],{"class":83},[69,27432,27433],{"class":128},"  # 1\n",[69,27435,27436,27438,27440,27442,27444],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,27437,110],{"class":109},[69,27439,113],{"class":83},[69,27441,8840],{"class":121},[69,27443,3525],{"class":83},[69,27445,27446],{"class":128},"   # {'y': 2}\n",[14,27448,27449,27450,27452],{},"After ",[17,27451,12406],{},", the key is gone from the same dictionary object.",[1369,27454,8050,27456,27458],{"id":27455},"using-pop-on-a-missing-key-without-a-default-value",[17,27457,12406],{}," on a missing key without a default value",[60,27460,27462],{"className":62,"code":27461,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\n# This causes an error\n# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[17,27463,27464,27488,27492,27497],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,27465,27466,27468,27470,27472,27474,27476,27478,27480,27482,27484,27486],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,27467,8801],{"class":75},[69,27469,80],{"class":79},[69,27471,10128],{"class":83},[69,27473,333],{"class":94},[69,27475,7297],{"class":336},[69,27477,333],{"class":94},[69,27479,1044],{"class":83},[69,27481,964],{"class":94},[69,27483,7552],{"class":336},[69,27485,333],{"class":94},[69,27487,8945],{"class":83},[69,27489,27490],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,27491,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,27493,27494],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,27495,27496],{"class":128},"# This causes an error\n",[69,27498,27499],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,27500,27501],{"class":128},"# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[14,27503,27504],{},"Safer version:",[60,27506,27508],{"className":62,"code":27507,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(\"age\", \"missing\"))  # missing\n",[17,27509,27510,27534,27538],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,27511,27512,27514,27516,27518,27520,27522,27524,27526,27528,27530,27532],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,27513,8801],{"class":75},[69,27515,80],{"class":79},[69,27517,10128],{"class":83},[69,27519,333],{"class":94},[69,27521,7297],{"class":336},[69,27523,333],{"class":94},[69,27525,1044],{"class":83},[69,27527,964],{"class":94},[69,27529,7552],{"class":336},[69,27531,333],{"class":94},[69,27533,8945],{"class":83},[69,27535,27536],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,27537,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,27539,27540,27542,27544,27546,27548,27550,27552,27554,27556,27558,27560,27562,27564,27566,27568],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,27541,110],{"class":109},[69,27543,113],{"class":83},[69,27545,8840],{"class":121},[69,27547,25],{"class":83},[69,27549,25894],{"class":121},[69,27551,113],{"class":83},[69,27553,333],{"class":94},[69,27555,8935],{"class":336},[69,27557,333],{"class":94},[69,27559,91],{"class":83},[69,27561,964],{"class":94},[69,27563,26426],{"class":336},[69,27565,333],{"class":94},[69,27567,125],{"class":83},[69,27569,26462],{"class":128},[1369,27571,8086,27573,27575],{"id":27572},"expecting-pop-to-return-the-whole-dictionary",[17,27574,12406],{}," to return the whole dictionary",[60,27577,27579],{"className":62,"code":27578,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nresult = data.pop(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 1\nprint(data)    # {'b': 2}\n",[17,27580,27581,27613,27617,27639,27643,27655],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,27582,27583,27585,27587,27589,27591,27593,27595,27597,27599,27601,27603,27605,27607,27609,27611],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,27584,8801],{"class":75},[69,27586,80],{"class":79},[69,27588,10128],{"class":83},[69,27590,333],{"class":94},[69,27592,192],{"class":336},[69,27594,333],{"class":94},[69,27596,1044],{"class":83},[69,27598,272],{"class":87},[69,27600,91],{"class":83},[69,27602,964],{"class":94},[69,27604,4587],{"class":336},[69,27606,333],{"class":94},[69,27608,1044],{"class":83},[69,27610,316],{"class":87},[69,27612,8945],{"class":83},[69,27614,27615],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,27616,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,27618,27619,27621,27623,27625,27627,27629,27631,27633,27635,27637],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,27620,839],{"class":75},[69,27622,80],{"class":79},[69,27624,14212],{"class":75},[69,27626,25],{"class":83},[69,27628,25894],{"class":121},[69,27630,113],{"class":83},[69,27632,333],{"class":94},[69,27634,192],{"class":336},[69,27636,333],{"class":94},[69,27638,221],{"class":83},[69,27640,27641],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,27642,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,27644,27645,27647,27649,27651,27653],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,27646,110],{"class":109},[69,27648,113],{"class":83},[69,27650,876],{"class":121},[69,27652,3525],{"class":83},[69,27654,27433],{"class":128},[69,27656,27657,27659,27661,27663,27665],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,27658,110],{"class":109},[69,27660,113],{"class":83},[69,27662,8840],{"class":121},[69,27664,3525],{"class":83},[69,27666,27667],{"class":128},"    # {'b': 2}\n",[14,27669,27670],{},"The return value is the removed value, not the updated dictionary.",[141,27672,27674],{"id":27673},"common-causes-of-problems","Common causes of problems",[14,27676,27677,27678,27680],{},"Problems with ",[17,27679,12212],{}," often happen because of one of these reasons:",[30,27682,27683,27686,27695,27698],{},[33,27684,27685],{},"Using a key that does not exist in the dictionary",[33,27687,27688,27689,27692,27693],{},"Mixing up list ",[17,27690,27691],{},"pop(index)"," with dictionary ",[17,27694,25990],{},[33,27696,27697],{},"Removing data that is still needed later in the code",[33,27699,27700,27701,10731,27703],{},"Using the wrong key type, such as ",[17,27702,473],{},[17,27704,27705],{},"\"1\"",[14,27707,27708],{},"Example of wrong key type:",[60,27710,27712],{"className":62,"code":27711,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = {\"1\": \"one\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(1, \"not found\"))    # not found\nprint(data.pop(\"1\", \"not found\"))  # one\n",[17,27713,27714,27738,27742,27772],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,27715,27716,27718,27720,27722,27724,27726,27728,27730,27732,27734,27736],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,27717,8801],{"class":75},[69,27719,80],{"class":79},[69,27721,10128],{"class":83},[69,27723,333],{"class":94},[69,27725,473],{"class":336},[69,27727,333],{"class":94},[69,27729,1044],{"class":83},[69,27731,964],{"class":94},[69,27733,1434],{"class":336},[69,27735,333],{"class":94},[69,27737,8945],{"class":83},[69,27739,27740],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,27741,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,27743,27744,27746,27748,27750,27752,27754,27756,27758,27760,27762,27765,27767,27769],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,27745,110],{"class":109},[69,27747,113],{"class":83},[69,27749,8840],{"class":121},[69,27751,25],{"class":83},[69,27753,25894],{"class":121},[69,27755,113],{"class":83},[69,27757,473],{"class":87},[69,27759,91],{"class":83},[69,27761,964],{"class":94},[69,27763,27764],{"class":336},"not found",[69,27766,333],{"class":94},[69,27768,125],{"class":83},[69,27770,27771],{"class":128},"    # not found\n",[69,27773,27774,27776,27778,27780,27782,27784,27786,27788,27790,27792,27794,27796,27798,27800,27802],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,27775,110],{"class":109},[69,27777,113],{"class":83},[69,27779,8840],{"class":121},[69,27781,25],{"class":83},[69,27783,25894],{"class":121},[69,27785,113],{"class":83},[69,27787,333],{"class":94},[69,27789,473],{"class":336},[69,27791,333],{"class":94},[69,27793,91],{"class":83},[69,27795,964],{"class":94},[69,27797,27764],{"class":336},[69,27799,333],{"class":94},[69,27801,125],{"class":83},[69,27803,27804],{"class":128},"  # one\n",[14,27806,27807,587,27809,27811],{},[17,27808,473],{},[17,27810,27705],{}," are different keys.",[141,27813,8507],{"id":8506},[14,27815,8510,27816,27818],{},[17,27817,12406],{}," is not working the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[60,27820,27822],{"className":62,"code":27821,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[17,27823,27824,27834,27848,27866,27896],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,27825,27826,27828,27830,27832],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,27827,110],{"class":109},[69,27829,113],{"class":83},[69,27831,11090],{"class":121},[69,27833,221],{"class":83},[69,27835,27836,27838,27840,27842,27844,27846],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,27837,110],{"class":109},[69,27839,113],{"class":83},[69,27841,11090],{"class":121},[69,27843,25],{"class":83},[69,27845,16571],{"class":121},[69,27847,6822],{"class":83},[69,27849,27850,27852,27854,27856,27858,27860,27862,27864],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,27851,110],{"class":109},[69,27853,113],{"class":83},[69,27855,488],{"class":94},[69,27857,7297],{"class":336},[69,27859,488],{"class":94},[69,27861,20824],{"class":773},[69,27863,11408],{"class":121},[69,27865,221],{"class":83},[69,27867,27868,27870,27872,27874,27876,27878,27880,27882,27884,27886,27888,27890,27892,27894],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,27869,110],{"class":109},[69,27871,113],{"class":83},[69,27873,11090],{"class":121},[69,27875,25],{"class":83},[69,27877,25894],{"class":121},[69,27879,113],{"class":83},[69,27881,488],{"class":94},[69,27883,7297],{"class":336},[69,27885,488],{"class":94},[69,27887,91],{"class":83},[69,27889,3161],{"class":94},[69,27891,26426],{"class":336},[69,27893,488],{"class":94},[69,27895,342],{"class":83},[69,27897,27898,27900,27902,27904,27906,27908],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,27899,110],{"class":109},[69,27901,113],{"class":83},[69,27903,3087],{"class":1126},[69,27905,113],{"class":83},[69,27907,11090],{"class":121},[69,27909,342],{"class":83},[14,27911,20987],{},[30,27913,27914,27919,27924,27929,27935],{},[33,27915,27916,27918],{},[17,27917,12322],{}," shows the current dictionary contents",[33,27920,27921,27923],{},[17,27922,20999],{}," shows all available keys",[33,27925,27926,27928],{},[17,27927,21005],{}," checks whether a key exists",[33,27930,27931,27934],{},[17,27932,27933],{},"print(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))"," tests safe removal",[33,27936,27937,27939],{},[17,27938,12328],{}," confirms that the object is really a dictionary",[14,27941,27942,27943,25],{},"If you need to understand dictionary basics first, see ",[192,27944,9028],{"href":9027},[141,27946,1651],{"id":1650},[1369,27948,27950,27951,27953],{"id":27949},"does-dictionary-pop-return-the-key-or-the-value","Does dictionary ",[17,27952,12406],{}," return the key or the value?",[14,27955,27956],{},"It returns the value for the removed key.",[1369,27958,27960],{"id":27959},"what-happens-if-the-key-does-not-exist","What happens if the key does not exist?",[14,27962,27963,26191,27965,27967,27968,27970],{},[17,27964,25990],{},[17,27966,19337],{},". ",[17,27969,25994],{}," returns the default value instead.",[1369,27972,12347,27974,14542],{"id":27973},"does-pop-change-the-original-dictionary",[17,27975,12406],{},[14,27977,27978],{},"Yes. It removes the key from the existing dictionary.",[1369,27980,27982,27983,27985],{"id":27981},"can-i-use-pop-to-remove-the-last-item-in-a-dictionary","Can I use ",[17,27984,12406],{}," to remove the last item in a dictionary?",[14,27987,27988,27989,27991,27992,25],{},"Not with ",[17,27990,12212],{},". To remove the last inserted key-value pair, use ",[192,27993,27994],{"href":12223},[17,27995,12413],{},[1369,27997,5006,27999,587,28001,2359],{"id":27998},"what-is-the-difference-between-get-and-pop",[17,28000,10378],{},[17,28002,12406],{},[14,28004,28005,28007,28008,28010],{},[17,28006,10378],{}," reads a value without removing it. ",[17,28009,12406],{}," reads and removes it.",[141,28012,1771],{"id":1770},[30,28014,28015,28021,28028,28032,28036,28040],{},[33,28016,28017],{},[192,28018,28019],{"href":10374},[17,28020,19318],{},[33,28022,28023],{},[192,28024,28025],{"href":12223},[17,28026,28027],{},"Python Dictionary popitem() Method",[33,28029,28030],{},[192,28031,12430],{"href":12216},[33,28033,28034],{},[192,28035,21108],{"href":16244},[33,28037,28038],{},[192,28039,10902],{"href":10713},[33,28041,28042],{},[192,28043,28045],{"href":28044},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-key-not-found-in-dictionary-fix\u002F","KeyError: key not found in dictionary fix",[1802,28047,28048],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":28050},[28051,28052,28054,28055,28056,28058,28065,28072,28082,28083,28084,28095],{"id":3472,"depth":106,"text":3473},{"id":26001,"depth":106,"text":28053},"What dict.pop() does",{"id":2023,"depth":106,"text":2024},{"id":17066,"depth":106,"text":17067},{"id":26486,"depth":106,"text":28057},"When to use pop()",{"id":26673,"depth":106,"text":28059,"children":28060},"pop() vs del",[28061,28063],{"id":26688,"depth":300,"text":28062},"Use pop() when you need the removed value",{"id":26791,"depth":300,"text":28064},"Use del when you only want deletion",{"id":26894,"depth":106,"text":28066,"children":28067},"How to avoid KeyError",[28068,28069,28070],{"id":26903,"depth":300,"text":26904},{"id":26999,"depth":300,"text":27000},{"id":27107,"depth":300,"text":28071},"Option 3: Use get() if you do not want to remove anything",{"id":1361,"depth":106,"text":1362,"children":28073},[28074,28076,28078,28080],{"id":27217,"depth":300,"text":28075},"Thinking pop() removes by position like a list",{"id":27350,"depth":300,"text":28077},"Forgetting that pop() changes the original dictionary",{"id":27455,"depth":300,"text":28079},"Using pop() on a missing key without a default value",{"id":27572,"depth":300,"text":28081},"Expecting pop() to return the whole dictionary",{"id":27673,"depth":106,"text":27674},{"id":8506,"depth":106,"text":8507},{"id":1650,"depth":106,"text":1651,"children":28085},[28086,28088,28089,28091,28093],{"id":27949,"depth":300,"text":28087},"Does dictionary pop() return the key or the value?",{"id":27959,"depth":300,"text":27960},{"id":27973,"depth":300,"text":28090},"Does pop() change the original dictionary?",{"id":27981,"depth":300,"text":28092},"Can I use pop() to remove the last item in a dictionary?",{"id":27998,"depth":300,"text":28094},"What is the difference between get() and pop()?",{"id":1770,"depth":106,"text":1771},"Master python dictionary pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method",{"title":25822,"description":28096},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method","covTbfNQY4fVAPAVxk1e0B4DZXBgW5sTT-L3t_ORUSI",{"id":28103,"title":28027,"body":28104,"description":30044,"extension":1828,"meta":30045,"navigation":833,"path":30046,"seo":30047,"stem":30048,"__hash__":30049},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method.md",{"type":7,"value":28105,"toc":30008},[28106,28111,28116,28119,28127,28137,28139,28228,28232,28281,28286,28291,28295,28311,28314,28316,28331,28333,28349,28356,28360,28366,28375,28377,28446,28450,28471,28474,28493,28496,28519,28521,28524,28639,28643,28702,28709,28713,28719,28844,28848,28898,28901,28905,28912,28914,28977,28981,29002,29005,29014,29029,29037,29044,29048,29060,29064,29075,29077,29223,29227,29286,29293,29298,29302,29308,29331,29336,29355,29359,29430,29437,29510,29519,29524,29529,29540,29543,29680,29685,29717,29722,29724,29728,29788,29791,29848,29851,29894,29896,29901,29907,29913,29916,29923,29931,29936,29939,29946,29954,29956,30005],[10,28107,10958,28109,10962],{"id":28108},"python-dictionary-popitem-method",[17,28110,12413],{},[14,28112,1845,28113,28115],{},[17,28114,12413],{}," method removes one item from a dictionary and returns it.",[14,28117,28118],{},"It is useful when you want to both:",[30,28120,28121,28124],{},[33,28122,28123],{},"remove an item",[33,28125,28126],{},"get that removed item at the same time",[14,28128,28129,28130,28132,28133,28136],{},"In modern Python, ",[17,28131,12413],{}," removes the ",[22,28134,28135],{},"last inserted key-value pair",". It also changes the original dictionary, so the item is no longer there after the method runs.",[141,28138,1870],{"id":1869},[60,28140,28142],{"className":62,"code":28141,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\nitem = data.popitem()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(data)\n",[17,28143,28144,28188,28204,28208,28218],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,28145,28146,28148,28150,28152,28154,28156,28158,28160,28162,28164,28166,28168,28170,28172,28174,28176,28178,28180,28182,28184,28186],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,28147,8801],{"class":75},[69,28149,80],{"class":79},[69,28151,10128],{"class":83},[69,28153,333],{"class":94},[69,28155,192],{"class":336},[69,28157,333],{"class":94},[69,28159,1044],{"class":83},[69,28161,272],{"class":87},[69,28163,91],{"class":83},[69,28165,964],{"class":94},[69,28167,4587],{"class":336},[69,28169,333],{"class":94},[69,28171,1044],{"class":83},[69,28173,316],{"class":87},[69,28175,91],{"class":83},[69,28177,964],{"class":94},[69,28179,9376],{"class":336},[69,28181,333],{"class":94},[69,28183,1044],{"class":83},[69,28185,516],{"class":87},[69,28187,8945],{"class":83},[69,28189,28190,28193,28195,28197,28199,28202],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,28191,28192],{"class":75},"item ",[69,28194,80],{"class":79},[69,28196,14212],{"class":75},[69,28198,25],{"class":83},[69,28200,28201],{"class":121},"popitem",[69,28203,8277],{"class":83},[69,28205,28206],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,28207,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,28209,28210,28212,28214,28216],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,28211,110],{"class":109},[69,28213,113],{"class":83},[69,28215,22962],{"class":121},[69,28217,221],{"class":83},[69,28219,28220,28222,28224,28226],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,28221,110],{"class":109},[69,28223,113],{"class":83},[69,28225,8840],{"class":121},[69,28227,221],{"class":83},[14,28229,28230],{},[22,28231,643],{},[60,28233,28235],{"className":62,"code":28234,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"('c', 3)\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[17,28236,28237,28253],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,28238,28239,28241,28243,28245,28247,28249,28251],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,28240,113],{"class":83},[69,28242,488],{"class":94},[69,28244,9376],{"class":336},[69,28246,488],{"class":94},[69,28248,91],{"class":83},[69,28250,516],{"class":87},[69,28252,221],{"class":83},[69,28254,28255,28257,28259,28261,28263,28265,28267,28269,28271,28273,28275,28277,28279],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,28256,8914],{"class":83},[69,28258,488],{"class":94},[69,28260,192],{"class":336},[69,28262,488],{"class":94},[69,28264,1044],{"class":83},[69,28266,272],{"class":87},[69,28268,91],{"class":83},[69,28270,3161],{"class":94},[69,28272,4587],{"class":336},[69,28274,488],{"class":94},[69,28276,1044],{"class":83},[69,28278,316],{"class":87},[69,28280,8945],{"class":83},[14,28282,28283,28285],{},[17,28284,12413],{}," removes and returns the last inserted key-value pair as a tuple.",[141,28287,3540,28289,3543],{"id":28288},"what-popitem-does",[17,28290,12413],{},[14,28292,28293,1044],{},[17,28294,12413],{},[30,28296,28297,28300,28305,28308],{},[33,28298,28299],{},"removes one item from a dictionary",[33,28301,28302,28303],{},"returns the removed item as a tuple: ",[17,28304,21306],{},[33,28306,28307],{},"removes the last inserted item in modern Python",[33,28309,28310],{},"changes the original dictionary",[14,28312,28313],{},"This means the dictionary becomes smaller after you call it.",[141,28315,2024],{"id":2023},[60,28317,28319],{"className":62,"code":28318,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"dictionary.popitem()\n",[17,28320,28321],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,28322,28323,28325,28327,28329],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,28324,15251],{"class":75},[69,28326,25],{"class":83},[69,28328,28201],{"class":121},[69,28330,8277],{"class":83},[14,28332,11099],{},[30,28334,28335,28343,28346],{},[33,28336,28337,28339,28340],{},[17,28338,12413],{}," takes ",[22,28341,28342],{},"no arguments",[33,28344,28345],{},"it always returns a 2-item tuple",[33,28347,28348],{},"use the returned tuple if you need both the key and the value",[14,28350,28351,28352,1481],{},"If you want to remove a specific key, use ",[192,28353,28354],{"href":12209},[17,28355,12406],{},[141,28357,28359],{"id":28358},"what-gets-returned","What gets returned",[14,28361,28362,28363,28365],{},"The value returned by ",[17,28364,12413],{}," is a tuple with two parts:",[28367,28368,28369,28372],"ol",{},[33,28370,28371],{},"the key",[33,28373,28374],{},"the value",[14,28376,2076],{},[60,28378,28380],{"className":62,"code":28379,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"person = {\"name\": \"Alice\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = person.popitem()\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,28381,28382,28418,28432,28436],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,28383,28384,28386,28388,28390,28392,28394,28396,28398,28400,28402,28404,28406,28408,28410,28412,28414,28416],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,28385,12849],{"class":75},[69,28387,80],{"class":79},[69,28389,10128],{"class":83},[69,28391,333],{"class":94},[69,28393,7297],{"class":336},[69,28395,333],{"class":94},[69,28397,1044],{"class":83},[69,28399,964],{"class":94},[69,28401,4831],{"class":336},[69,28403,333],{"class":94},[69,28405,91],{"class":83},[69,28407,964],{"class":94},[69,28409,8935],{"class":336},[69,28411,333],{"class":94},[69,28413,1044],{"class":83},[69,28415,8942],{"class":87},[69,28417,8945],{"class":83},[69,28419,28420,28422,28424,28426,28428,28430],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,28421,839],{"class":75},[69,28423,80],{"class":79},[69,28425,12892],{"class":75},[69,28427,25],{"class":83},[69,28429,28201],{"class":121},[69,28431,8277],{"class":83},[69,28433,28434],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,28435,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,28437,28438,28440,28442,28444],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,28439,110],{"class":109},[69,28441,113],{"class":83},[69,28443,876],{"class":121},[69,28445,221],{"class":83},[14,28447,28448],{},[22,28449,643],{},[60,28451,28453],{"className":62,"code":28452,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"('age', 25)\n",[17,28454,28455],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,28456,28457,28459,28461,28463,28465,28467,28469],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,28458,113],{"class":83},[69,28460,488],{"class":94},[69,28462,8935],{"class":336},[69,28464,488],{"class":94},[69,28466,91],{"class":83},[69,28468,8942],{"class":87},[69,28470,221],{"class":83},[14,28472,28473],{},"You can store the result in one variable:",[60,28475,28477],{"className":62,"code":28476,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"result = person.popitem()\n",[17,28478,28479],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,28480,28481,28483,28485,28487,28489,28491],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,28482,839],{"class":75},[69,28484,80],{"class":79},[69,28486,12892],{"class":75},[69,28488,25],{"class":83},[69,28490,28201],{"class":121},[69,28492,8277],{"class":83},[14,28494,28495],{},"Or unpack it into two variables:",[60,28497,28499],{"className":62,"code":28498,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"key, value = person.popitem()\n",[17,28500,28501],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,28502,28503,28505,28507,28509,28511,28513,28515,28517],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,28504,14487],{"class":75},[69,28506,91],{"class":83},[69,28508,21235],{"class":75},[69,28510,80],{"class":79},[69,28512,12892],{"class":75},[69,28514,25],{"class":83},[69,28516,28201],{"class":121},[69,28518,8277],{"class":83},[141,28520,11116],{"id":11115},[14,28522,28523],{},"Here is a basic example showing what gets removed and what remains in the dictionary:",[60,28525,28527],{"className":62,"code":28526,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"scores = {\"Tom\": 80, \"Ana\": 95, \"Leo\": 88}\n\nremoved_pair = scores.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_pair)\nprint(\"After removal:\", scores)\n",[17,28528,28529,28577,28581,28596,28600,28620],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,28530,28531,28533,28535,28537,28539,28542,28544,28546,28548,28550,28552,28554,28556,28558,28561,28563,28565,28568,28570,28572,28575],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,28532,4891],{"class":75},[69,28534,80],{"class":79},[69,28536,10128],{"class":83},[69,28538,333],{"class":94},[69,28540,28541],{"class":336},"Tom",[69,28543,333],{"class":94},[69,28545,1044],{"class":83},[69,28547,4903],{"class":87},[69,28549,91],{"class":83},[69,28551,964],{"class":94},[69,28553,12524],{"class":336},[69,28555,333],{"class":94},[69,28557,1044],{"class":83},[69,28559,28560],{"class":87}," 95",[69,28562,91],{"class":83},[69,28564,964],{"class":94},[69,28566,28567],{"class":336},"Leo",[69,28569,333],{"class":94},[69,28571,1044],{"class":83},[69,28573,28574],{"class":87}," 88",[69,28576,8945],{"class":83},[69,28578,28579],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,28580,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,28582,28583,28586,28588,28590,28592,28594],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,28584,28585],{"class":75},"removed_pair ",[69,28587,80],{"class":79},[69,28589,4938],{"class":75},[69,28591,25],{"class":83},[69,28593,28201],{"class":121},[69,28595,8277],{"class":83},[69,28597,28598],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,28599,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,28601,28602,28604,28606,28608,28611,28613,28615,28618],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,28603,110],{"class":109},[69,28605,113],{"class":83},[69,28607,333],{"class":94},[69,28609,28610],{"class":336},"Removed:",[69,28612,333],{"class":94},[69,28614,91],{"class":83},[69,28616,28617],{"class":121}," removed_pair",[69,28619,221],{"class":83},[69,28621,28622,28624,28626,28628,28631,28633,28635,28637],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,28623,110],{"class":109},[69,28625,113],{"class":83},[69,28627,333],{"class":94},[69,28629,28630],{"class":336},"After removal:",[69,28632,333],{"class":94},[69,28634,91],{"class":83},[69,28636,4938],{"class":121},[69,28638,221],{"class":83},[14,28640,28641],{},[22,28642,643],{},[60,28644,28646],{"className":62,"code":28645,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Removed: ('Leo', 88)\nAfter removal: {'Tom': 80, 'Ana': 95}\n",[17,28647,28648,28669],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,28649,28650,28653,28655,28657,28659,28661,28663,28665,28667],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,28651,28652],{"class":75},"Removed",[69,28654,1044],{"class":83},[69,28656,8872],{"class":83},[69,28658,488],{"class":94},[69,28660,28567],{"class":336},[69,28662,488],{"class":94},[69,28664,91],{"class":83},[69,28666,28574],{"class":87},[69,28668,221],{"class":83},[69,28670,28671,28674,28676,28678,28680,28682,28684,28686,28688,28690,28692,28694,28696,28698,28700],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,28672,28673],{"class":75},"After removal",[69,28675,1044],{"class":83},[69,28677,10128],{"class":83},[69,28679,488],{"class":94},[69,28681,28541],{"class":336},[69,28683,488],{"class":94},[69,28685,1044],{"class":83},[69,28687,4903],{"class":87},[69,28689,91],{"class":83},[69,28691,3161],{"class":94},[69,28693,12524],{"class":336},[69,28695,488],{"class":94},[69,28697,1044],{"class":83},[69,28699,28560],{"class":87},[69,28701,8945],{"class":83},[14,28703,28704,28705,28708],{},"The last inserted item was ",[17,28706,28707],{},"\"Leo\": 88",", so that is the pair that gets removed.",[141,28710,28712],{"id":28711},"using-tuple-unpacking","Using tuple unpacking",[14,28714,28715,28716,28718],{},"Because ",[17,28717,12413],{}," returns a tuple, tuple unpacking is often the easiest way to use it.",[60,28720,28722],{"className":62,"code":28721,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"book = {\"title\": \"Python Basics\", \"pages\": 200}\n\nkey, value = book.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Key:\", key)\nprint(\"Value:\", value)\nprint(\"Dictionary:\", book)\n",[17,28723,28724,28760,28764,28783,28787,28806,28825],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,28725,28726,28728,28730,28732,28734,28736,28738,28740,28742,28744,28746,28748,28750,28752,28754,28756,28758],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,28727,15094],{"class":75},[69,28729,80],{"class":79},[69,28731,10128],{"class":83},[69,28733,333],{"class":94},[69,28735,15105],{"class":336},[69,28737,333],{"class":94},[69,28739,1044],{"class":83},[69,28741,964],{"class":94},[69,28743,15114],{"class":336},[69,28745,333],{"class":94},[69,28747,91],{"class":83},[69,28749,964],{"class":94},[69,28751,15125],{"class":336},[69,28753,333],{"class":94},[69,28755,1044],{"class":83},[69,28757,26560],{"class":87},[69,28759,8945],{"class":83},[69,28761,28762],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,28763,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,28765,28766,28768,28770,28772,28774,28777,28779,28781],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,28767,14487],{"class":75},[69,28769,91],{"class":83},[69,28771,21235],{"class":75},[69,28773,80],{"class":79},[69,28775,28776],{"class":75}," book",[69,28778,25],{"class":83},[69,28780,28201],{"class":121},[69,28782,8277],{"class":83},[69,28784,28785],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,28786,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,28788,28789,28791,28793,28795,28798,28800,28802,28804],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,28790,110],{"class":109},[69,28792,113],{"class":83},[69,28794,333],{"class":94},[69,28796,28797],{"class":336},"Key:",[69,28799,333],{"class":94},[69,28801,91],{"class":83},[69,28803,21230],{"class":121},[69,28805,221],{"class":83},[69,28807,28808,28810,28812,28814,28817,28819,28821,28823],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,28809,110],{"class":109},[69,28811,113],{"class":83},[69,28813,333],{"class":94},[69,28815,28816],{"class":336},"Value:",[69,28818,333],{"class":94},[69,28820,91],{"class":83},[69,28822,8066],{"class":121},[69,28824,221],{"class":83},[69,28826,28827,28829,28831,28833,28836,28838,28840,28842],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,28828,110],{"class":109},[69,28830,113],{"class":83},[69,28832,333],{"class":94},[69,28834,28835],{"class":336},"Dictionary:",[69,28837,333],{"class":94},[69,28839,91],{"class":83},[69,28841,28776],{"class":121},[69,28843,221],{"class":83},[14,28845,28846],{},[22,28847,643],{},[60,28849,28851],{"className":62,"code":28850,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Key: pages\nValue: 200\nDictionary: {'title': 'Python Basics'}\n",[17,28852,28853,28863,28873],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,28854,28855,28858,28860],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,28856,28857],{"class":75},"Key",[69,28859,1044],{"class":83},[69,28861,28862],{"class":75}," pages\n",[69,28864,28865,28868,28870],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,28866,28867],{"class":75},"Value",[69,28869,1044],{"class":83},[69,28871,28872],{"class":87}," 200\n",[69,28874,28875,28878,28880,28882,28884,28886,28888,28890,28892,28894,28896],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,28876,28877],{"class":75},"Dictionary",[69,28879,1044],{"class":83},[69,28881,10128],{"class":83},[69,28883,488],{"class":94},[69,28885,15105],{"class":336},[69,28887,488],{"class":94},[69,28889,1044],{"class":83},[69,28891,3161],{"class":94},[69,28893,15114],{"class":336},[69,28895,488],{"class":94},[69,28897,8945],{"class":83},[14,28899,28900],{},"This is useful when you want to process removed items one at a time.",[141,28902,28904],{"id":28903},"order-behavior","Order behavior",[14,28906,28907,28908,28132,28910,25],{},"In current Python versions, ",[17,28909,12413],{},[22,28911,28135],{},[14,28913,2076],{},[60,28915,28917],{"className":62,"code":28916,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 3}\nprint(data.popitem())\n",[17,28918,28919,28963],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,28920,28921,28923,28925,28927,28929,28931,28933,28935,28937,28939,28941,28943,28945,28947,28949,28951,28953,28955,28957,28959,28961],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,28922,8801],{"class":75},[69,28924,80],{"class":79},[69,28926,10128],{"class":83},[69,28928,333],{"class":94},[69,28930,2041],{"class":336},[69,28932,333],{"class":94},[69,28934,1044],{"class":83},[69,28936,272],{"class":87},[69,28938,91],{"class":83},[69,28940,964],{"class":94},[69,28942,11387],{"class":336},[69,28944,333],{"class":94},[69,28946,1044],{"class":83},[69,28948,316],{"class":87},[69,28950,91],{"class":83},[69,28952,964],{"class":94},[69,28954,21728],{"class":336},[69,28956,333],{"class":94},[69,28958,1044],{"class":83},[69,28960,516],{"class":87},[69,28962,8945],{"class":83},[69,28964,28965,28967,28969,28971,28973,28975],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,28966,110],{"class":109},[69,28968,113],{"class":83},[69,28970,8840],{"class":121},[69,28972,25],{"class":83},[69,28974,28201],{"class":121},[69,28976,6822],{"class":83},[14,28978,28979],{},[22,28980,643],{},[60,28982,28984],{"className":62,"code":28983,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"('z', 3)\n",[17,28985,28986],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,28987,28988,28990,28992,28994,28996,28998,29000],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,28989,113],{"class":83},[69,28991,488],{"class":94},[69,28993,21728],{"class":336},[69,28995,488],{"class":94},[69,28997,91],{"class":83},[69,28999,516],{"class":87},[69,29001,221],{"class":83},[14,29003,29004],{},"This matters because dictionaries keep insertion order in modern Python.",[14,29006,29007,29008,29010,29011,29013],{},"As a beginner, do ",[22,29009,4457],{}," think of ",[17,29012,12413],{}," as removing a random item. In current Python, it removes the most recently added one.",[14,29015,29016,29017,2057,29021,16720,29025,25],{},"If you want to inspect dictionary contents without removing anything, see ",[192,29018,29019],{"href":16723},[17,29020,16726],{},[192,29022,29023],{"href":16710},[17,29024,16713],{},[192,29026,29027],{"href":16716},[17,29028,16719],{},[141,29030,29032,29033,587,29035],{"id":29031},"difference-between-popitem-and-pop","Difference between ",[17,29034,12413],{},[17,29036,12406],{},[14,29038,29039,587,29041,29043],{},[17,29040,12413],{},[17,29042,12406],{}," both remove data from a dictionary, but they work differently.",[1369,29045,29046],{"id":28201},[17,29047,12413],{},[30,29049,29050,29053,29056],{},[33,29051,29052],{},"removes the last inserted item automatically",[33,29054,29055],{},"does not need a key argument",[33,29057,3555,29058],{},[17,29059,21306],{},[1369,29061,29062],{"id":25894},[17,29063,12406],{},[30,29065,29066,29069,29072],{},[33,29067,29068],{},"removes the item for a specific key",[33,29070,29071],{},"needs the key name",[33,29073,29074],{},"returns only the value",[14,29076,2076],{},[60,29078,29080],{"className":62,"code":29079,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nitem = data.popitem()\nprint(\"popitem():\", item)\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"a\")\nprint(\"pop('a'):\", value)\n\nprint(data)\n",[17,29081,29082,29126,29130,29144,29164,29168,29190,29209,29213],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,29083,29084,29086,29088,29090,29092,29094,29096,29098,29100,29102,29104,29106,29108,29110,29112,29114,29116,29118,29120,29122,29124],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,29085,8801],{"class":75},[69,29087,80],{"class":79},[69,29089,10128],{"class":83},[69,29091,333],{"class":94},[69,29093,192],{"class":336},[69,29095,333],{"class":94},[69,29097,1044],{"class":83},[69,29099,272],{"class":87},[69,29101,91],{"class":83},[69,29103,964],{"class":94},[69,29105,4587],{"class":336},[69,29107,333],{"class":94},[69,29109,1044],{"class":83},[69,29111,316],{"class":87},[69,29113,91],{"class":83},[69,29115,964],{"class":94},[69,29117,9376],{"class":336},[69,29119,333],{"class":94},[69,29121,1044],{"class":83},[69,29123,516],{"class":87},[69,29125,8945],{"class":83},[69,29127,29128],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,29129,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,29131,29132,29134,29136,29138,29140,29142],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,29133,28192],{"class":75},[69,29135,80],{"class":79},[69,29137,14212],{"class":75},[69,29139,25],{"class":83},[69,29141,28201],{"class":121},[69,29143,8277],{"class":83},[69,29145,29146,29148,29150,29152,29155,29157,29159,29162],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,29147,110],{"class":109},[69,29149,113],{"class":83},[69,29151,333],{"class":94},[69,29153,29154],{"class":336},"popitem():",[69,29156,333],{"class":94},[69,29158,91],{"class":83},[69,29160,29161],{"class":121}," item",[69,29163,221],{"class":83},[69,29165,29166],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,29167,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,29169,29170,29172,29174,29176,29178,29180,29182,29184,29186,29188],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,29171,2313],{"class":75},[69,29173,80],{"class":79},[69,29175,14212],{"class":75},[69,29177,25],{"class":83},[69,29179,25894],{"class":121},[69,29181,113],{"class":83},[69,29183,333],{"class":94},[69,29185,192],{"class":336},[69,29187,333],{"class":94},[69,29189,221],{"class":83},[69,29191,29192,29194,29196,29198,29201,29203,29205,29207],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,29193,110],{"class":109},[69,29195,113],{"class":83},[69,29197,333],{"class":94},[69,29199,29200],{"class":336},"pop('a'):",[69,29202,333],{"class":94},[69,29204,91],{"class":83},[69,29206,8066],{"class":121},[69,29208,221],{"class":83},[69,29210,29211],{"class":71,"line":1269},[69,29212,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,29214,29215,29217,29219,29221],{"class":71,"line":1275},[69,29216,110],{"class":109},[69,29218,113],{"class":83},[69,29220,8840],{"class":121},[69,29222,221],{"class":83},[14,29224,29225],{},[22,29226,643],{},[60,29228,29230],{"className":62,"code":29229,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"popitem(): ('c', 3)\npop('a'): 1\n{'b': 2}\n",[17,29231,29232,29253,29270],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,29233,29234,29236,29239,29241,29243,29245,29247,29249,29251],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,29235,28201],{"class":121},[69,29237,29238],{"class":83},"():",[69,29240,8872],{"class":83},[69,29242,488],{"class":94},[69,29244,9376],{"class":336},[69,29246,488],{"class":94},[69,29248,91],{"class":83},[69,29250,516],{"class":87},[69,29252,221],{"class":83},[69,29254,29255,29257,29259,29261,29263,29265,29267],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,29256,25894],{"class":121},[69,29258,113],{"class":83},[69,29260,488],{"class":94},[69,29262,192],{"class":336},[69,29264,488],{"class":94},[69,29266,16099],{"class":83},[69,29268,29269],{"class":87}," 1\n",[69,29271,29272,29274,29276,29278,29280,29282,29284],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,29273,8914],{"class":83},[69,29275,488],{"class":94},[69,29277,4587],{"class":336},[69,29279,488],{"class":94},[69,29281,1044],{"class":83},[69,29283,316],{"class":87},[69,29285,8945],{"class":83},[14,29287,132,29288,29292],{},[192,29289,29290],{"href":12209},[17,29291,12406],{}," when you know the key.",[14,29294,132,29295,29297],{},[17,29296,12413],{}," when you want to remove one item without naming the key.",[141,29299,29301],{"id":29300},"what-happens-if-the-dictionary-is-empty","What happens if the dictionary is empty",[14,29303,29304,29305,29307],{},"Calling ",[17,29306,12413],{}," on an empty dictionary raises an error:",[60,29309,29311],{"className":62,"code":29310,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = {}\ndata.popitem()\n",[17,29312,29313,29321],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,29314,29315,29317,29319],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,29316,8801],{"class":75},[69,29318,80],{"class":79},[69,29320,9475],{"class":83},[69,29322,29323,29325,29327,29329],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,29324,8840],{"class":75},[69,29326,25],{"class":83},[69,29328,28201],{"class":121},[69,29330,8277],{"class":83},[14,29332,29333],{},[22,29334,29335],{},"Error:",[60,29337,29339],{"className":62,"code":29338,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"KeyError: 'popitem(): dictionary is empty'\n",[17,29340,29341],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,29342,29343,29345,29347,29349,29352],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,29344,19337],{"class":1126},[69,29346,1044],{"class":83},[69,29348,3161],{"class":94},[69,29350,29351],{"class":336},"popitem(): dictionary is empty",[69,29353,29354],{"class":94},"'\n",[1369,29356,29358],{"id":29357},"fix-1-check-that-the-dictionary-is-not-empty","Fix 1: Check that the dictionary is not empty",[60,29360,29362],{"className":62,"code":29361,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = {}\n\nif data:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nelse:\n    print(\"Dictionary is empty\")\n",[17,29363,29364,29372,29376,29384,29399,29409,29415],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,29365,29366,29368,29370],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,29367,8801],{"class":75},[69,29369,80],{"class":79},[69,29371,9475],{"class":83},[69,29373,29374],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,29375,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,29377,29378,29380,29382],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,29379,6625],{"class":773},[69,29381,14212],{"class":75},[69,29383,1235],{"class":83},[69,29385,29386,29389,29391,29393,29395,29397],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,29387,29388],{"class":75},"    item ",[69,29390,80],{"class":79},[69,29392,14212],{"class":75},[69,29394,25],{"class":83},[69,29396,28201],{"class":121},[69,29398,8277],{"class":83},[69,29400,29401,29403,29405,29407],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,29402,7700],{"class":109},[69,29404,113],{"class":83},[69,29406,22962],{"class":121},[69,29408,221],{"class":83},[69,29410,29411,29413],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,29412,27087],{"class":773},[69,29414,1235],{"class":83},[69,29416,29417,29419,29421,29423,29426,29428],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,29418,7700],{"class":109},[69,29420,113],{"class":83},[69,29422,333],{"class":94},[69,29424,29425],{"class":336},"Dictionary is empty",[69,29427,333],{"class":94},[69,29429,221],{"class":83},[1369,29431,29433,29434],{"id":29432},"fix-2-use-try-except","Fix 2: Use ",[17,29435,29436],{},"try-except",[60,29438,29440],{"className":62,"code":29439,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = {}\n\ntry:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary\")\n",[17,29441,29442,29450,29454,29461,29475,29485,29495],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,29443,29444,29446,29448],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,29445,8801],{"class":75},[69,29447,80],{"class":79},[69,29449,9475],{"class":83},[69,29451,29452],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,29453,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,29455,29456,29459],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,29457,29458],{"class":773},"try",[69,29460,1235],{"class":83},[69,29462,29463,29465,29467,29469,29471,29473],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,29464,29388],{"class":75},[69,29466,80],{"class":79},[69,29468,14212],{"class":75},[69,29470,25],{"class":83},[69,29472,28201],{"class":121},[69,29474,8277],{"class":83},[69,29476,29477,29479,29481,29483],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,29478,7700],{"class":109},[69,29480,113],{"class":83},[69,29482,22962],{"class":121},[69,29484,221],{"class":83},[69,29486,29487,29490,29493],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,29488,29489],{"class":773},"except",[69,29491,29492],{"class":1126}," KeyError",[69,29494,1235],{"class":83},[69,29496,29497,29499,29501,29503,29506,29508],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,29498,7700],{"class":109},[69,29500,113],{"class":83},[69,29502,333],{"class":94},[69,29504,29505],{"class":336},"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary",[69,29507,333],{"class":94},[69,29509,221],{"class":83},[14,29511,29512,29513,25],{},"If you are troubleshooting this error, see ",[192,29514,25332,29516],{"href":29515},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-popitem-dictionary-is-empty-fix\u002F",[17,29517,29518],{},"KeyError: popitem(): dictionary is empty",[141,29520,4788,29522],{"id":29521},"when-to-use-popitem",[17,29523,12413],{},[14,29525,29526,29528],{},[17,29527,12413],{}," is useful when:",[30,29530,29531,29534,29537],{},[33,29532,29533],{},"you want to remove and get one item at the same time",[33,29535,29536],{},"you are processing items until a dictionary becomes empty",[33,29538,29539],{},"dictionary order matters in your program",[14,29541,29542],{},"Example of processing items until the dictionary is empty:",[60,29544,29546],{"className":62,"code":29545,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"tasks = {\n    \"first\": \"wash dishes\",\n    \"second\": \"do homework\",\n    \"third\": \"read book\"\n}\n\nwhile tasks:\n    key, value = tasks.popitem()\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[17,29547,29548,29557,29577,29597,29615,29619,29623,29633,29652],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,29549,29550,29553,29555],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,29551,29552],{"class":75},"tasks ",[69,29554,80],{"class":79},[69,29556,11134],{"class":83},[69,29558,29559,29561,29564,29566,29568,29570,29573,29575],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,29560,11139],{"class":94},[69,29562,29563],{"class":336},"first",[69,29565,333],{"class":94},[69,29567,1044],{"class":83},[69,29569,964],{"class":94},[69,29571,29572],{"class":336},"wash dishes",[69,29574,333],{"class":94},[69,29576,11155],{"class":83},[69,29578,29579,29581,29584,29586,29588,29590,29593,29595],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,29580,11139],{"class":94},[69,29582,29583],{"class":336},"second",[69,29585,333],{"class":94},[69,29587,1044],{"class":83},[69,29589,964],{"class":94},[69,29591,29592],{"class":336},"do homework",[69,29594,333],{"class":94},[69,29596,11155],{"class":83},[69,29598,29599,29601,29604,29606,29608,29610,29613],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,29600,11139],{"class":94},[69,29602,29603],{"class":336},"third",[69,29605,333],{"class":94},[69,29607,1044],{"class":83},[69,29609,964],{"class":94},[69,29611,29612],{"class":336},"read book",[69,29614,3224],{"class":94},[69,29616,29617],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,29618,8945],{"class":83},[69,29620,29621],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,29622,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,29624,29625,29628,29631],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,29626,29627],{"class":773},"while",[69,29629,29630],{"class":75}," tasks",[69,29632,1235],{"class":83},[69,29634,29635,29638,29640,29642,29644,29646,29648,29650],{"class":71,"line":1269},[69,29636,29637],{"class":75},"    key",[69,29639,91],{"class":83},[69,29641,21235],{"class":75},[69,29643,80],{"class":79},[69,29645,29630],{"class":75},[69,29647,25],{"class":83},[69,29649,28201],{"class":121},[69,29651,8277],{"class":83},[69,29653,29654,29656,29658,29660,29662,29664,29666,29668,29670,29672,29674,29676,29678],{"class":71,"line":1275},[69,29655,7700],{"class":109},[69,29657,113],{"class":83},[69,29659,21945],{"class":1932},[69,29661,333],{"class":336},[69,29663,8914],{"class":87},[69,29665,14487],{"class":121},[69,29667,21954],{"class":87},[69,29669,21957],{"class":336},[69,29671,8914],{"class":87},[69,29673,2339],{"class":121},[69,29675,21954],{"class":87},[69,29677,333],{"class":336},[69,29679,221],{"class":83},[14,29681,29682],{},[22,29683,29684],{},"Possible output:",[60,29686,29688],{"className":62,"code":29687,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"third: read book\nsecond: do homework\nfirst: wash dishes\n",[17,29689,29690,29699,29708],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,29691,29692,29694,29696],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,29693,29603],{"class":75},[69,29695,1044],{"class":83},[69,29697,29698],{"class":75}," read book\n",[69,29700,29701,29703,29705],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,29702,29583],{"class":75},[69,29704,1044],{"class":83},[69,29706,29707],{"class":75}," do homework\n",[69,29709,29710,29712,29714],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,29711,29563],{"class":75},[69,29713,1044],{"class":83},[69,29715,29716],{"class":75}," wash dishes\n",[14,29718,28715,29719,29721],{},[17,29720,12413],{}," removes the last inserted item, this works like removing items from the end.",[141,29723,2698],{"id":2697},[14,29725,14379,29726,1044],{},[17,29727,12413],{},[30,29729,29730,29744,29763,29774],{},[33,29731,29732,29737],{},[22,29733,29304,29734,29736],{},[17,29735,12413],{}," on an empty dictionary",[30,29738,29739],{},[33,29740,29741,29742,25],{},"This raises ",[17,29743,19337],{},[33,29745,29746,29751],{},[22,29747,8086,29748,29750],{},[17,29749,12413],{}," to remove a specific key",[30,29752,29753,29756],{},[33,29754,29755],{},"It does not let you choose the key.",[33,29757,132,29758,29762],{},[192,29759,29760],{"href":12209},[17,29761,12406],{}," if you need that.",[33,29764,29765,29769],{},[22,29766,4530,29767,27353],{},[17,29768,12413],{},[30,29770,29771],{},[33,29772,29773],{},"The removed item is gone after the call.",[33,29775,29776,29779],{},[22,29777,29778],{},"Assuming the return value is only the value",[30,29780,29781],{},[33,29782,29783,21626,29785,29787],{},[17,29784,12413],{},[17,29786,21306],{}," tuple.",[14,29789,29790],{},"Helpful debugging checks:",[60,29792,29794],{"className":62,"code":29793,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(my_dict)\nprint(len(my_dict))\n\nitem = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(item)\n",[17,29795,29796,29806,29820,29824,29838],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,29797,29798,29800,29802,29804],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,29799,110],{"class":109},[69,29801,113],{"class":83},[69,29803,11090],{"class":121},[69,29805,221],{"class":83},[69,29807,29808,29810,29812,29814,29816,29818],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,29809,110],{"class":109},[69,29811,113],{"class":83},[69,29813,10801],{"class":109},[69,29815,113],{"class":83},[69,29817,11090],{"class":121},[69,29819,342],{"class":83},[69,29821,29822],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,29823,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,29825,29826,29828,29830,29832,29834,29836],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,29827,28192],{"class":75},[69,29829,80],{"class":79},[69,29831,11408],{"class":75},[69,29833,25],{"class":83},[69,29835,28201],{"class":121},[69,29837,8277],{"class":83},[69,29839,29840,29842,29844,29846],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,29841,110],{"class":109},[69,29843,113],{"class":83},[69,29845,22962],{"class":121},[69,29847,221],{"class":83},[14,29849,29850],{},"Or with unpacking:",[60,29852,29854],{"className":62,"code":29853,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"key, value = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(key)\nprint(value)\n",[17,29855,29856,29874,29884],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,29857,29858,29860,29862,29864,29866,29868,29870,29872],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,29859,14487],{"class":75},[69,29861,91],{"class":83},[69,29863,21235],{"class":75},[69,29865,80],{"class":79},[69,29867,11408],{"class":75},[69,29869,25],{"class":83},[69,29871,28201],{"class":121},[69,29873,8277],{"class":83},[69,29875,29876,29878,29880,29882],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,29877,110],{"class":109},[69,29879,113],{"class":83},[69,29881,14487],{"class":121},[69,29883,221],{"class":83},[69,29885,29886,29888,29890,29892],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,29887,110],{"class":109},[69,29889,113],{"class":83},[69,29891,2339],{"class":121},[69,29893,221],{"class":83},[141,29895,1651],{"id":1650},[1369,29897,4969,29899,4972],{"id":29898},"what-does-popitem-return-in-python",[17,29900,12413],{},[14,29902,29903,29904,25],{},"It returns the removed key-value pair as a tuple, such as ",[17,29905,29906],{},"('name', 'Alice')",[1369,29908,12347,29910,29912],{"id":29909},"does-popitem-remove-the-last-item",[17,29911,12413],{}," remove the last item?",[14,29914,29915],{},"Yes. In modern Python, it removes the last inserted key-value pair.",[1369,29917,29919,29920,29922],{"id":29918},"can-i-choose-which-key-popitem-removes","Can I choose which key ",[17,29921,12413],{}," removes?",[14,29924,29925,29926,29930],{},"No. Use ",[192,29927,29928],{"href":12209},[17,29929,12406],{}," if you want to remove a specific key.",[1369,29932,12347,29934,14542],{"id":29933},"does-popitem-change-the-original-dictionary",[17,29935,12413],{},[14,29937,29938],{},"Yes. The item is removed from the dictionary.",[1369,29940,29942,29943,29945],{"id":29941},"what-error-does-popitem-raise-on-an-empty-dictionary","What error does ",[17,29944,12413],{}," raise on an empty dictionary?",[14,29947,29948,29949,29951,29952,25],{},"It raises ",[17,29950,19337],{}," with the message ",[17,29953,29351],{},[141,29955,1771],{"id":1770},[30,29957,29958,29965,29971,29977,29983,29990,29994,29998],{},[33,29959,29960],{},[192,29961,29962,29964],{"href":12209},[17,29963,12406],{}," method for dictionaries",[33,29966,29967],{},[192,29968,29969,29964],{"href":16723},[17,29970,16726],{},[33,29972,29973],{},[192,29974,29975,29964],{"href":16710},[17,29976,16713],{},[33,29978,29979],{},[192,29980,29981,29964],{"href":16716},[17,29982,16719],{},[33,29984,29985],{},[192,29986,29988,29964],{"href":29987},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method\u002F",[17,29989,10961],{},[33,29991,29992],{},[192,29993,12430],{"href":12216},[33,29995,29996],{},[192,29997,21108],{"href":16244},[33,29999,30000],{},[192,30001,30002,30003],{"href":29515},"Fix ",[17,30004,29518],{},[1802,30006,30007],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":30009},[30010,30011,30013,30014,30015,30016,30017,30018,30023,30028,30030,30031,30043],{"id":1869,"depth":106,"text":1870},{"id":28288,"depth":106,"text":30012},"What popitem() does",{"id":2023,"depth":106,"text":2024},{"id":28358,"depth":106,"text":28359},{"id":11115,"depth":106,"text":11116},{"id":28711,"depth":106,"text":28712},{"id":28903,"depth":106,"text":28904},{"id":29031,"depth":106,"text":30019,"children":30020},"Difference between popitem() and pop()",[30021,30022],{"id":28201,"depth":300,"text":12413},{"id":25894,"depth":300,"text":12406},{"id":29300,"depth":106,"text":29301,"children":30024},[30025,30026],{"id":29357,"depth":300,"text":29358},{"id":29432,"depth":300,"text":30027},"Fix 2: Use try-except",{"id":29521,"depth":106,"text":30029},"When to use popitem()",{"id":2697,"depth":106,"text":2698},{"id":1650,"depth":106,"text":1651,"children":30032},[30033,30035,30037,30039,30041],{"id":29898,"depth":300,"text":30034},"What does popitem() return in Python?",{"id":29909,"depth":300,"text":30036},"Does popitem() remove the last item?",{"id":29918,"depth":300,"text":30038},"Can I choose which key popitem() removes?",{"id":29933,"depth":300,"text":30040},"Does popitem() change the original dictionary?",{"id":29941,"depth":300,"text":30042},"What error does popitem() raise on an empty dictionary?",{"id":1770,"depth":106,"text":1771},"Master python dictionary popitem method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method",{"title":28027,"description":30044},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method","d7cKBI9V3R325yBRPJbIvubWICPrhq9HWsLXK3gZqNw",{"id":30051,"title":30052,"body":30053,"description":31956,"extension":1828,"meta":31957,"navigation":833,"path":13678,"seo":31958,"stem":31959,"__hash__":31960},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method.md","Python Dictionary update() Method",{"type":7,"value":30054,"toc":31928},[30055,30060,30065,30068,30070,30167,30172,30177,30182,30185,30193,30196,30211,30213,30313,30315,30372,30376,30378,30381,30401,30406,30417,30420,30447,30450,30452,30509,30511,30532,30538,30543,30546,30557,30559,30667,30669,30722,30724,30736,30743,30749,30754,30757,30845,30847,30892,30895,30903,30906,30909,30978,30981,30984,30988,30991,31062,31064,31117,31120,31123,31126,31141,31144,31156,31159,31222,31224,31230,31232,31234,31313,31315,31356,31358,31423,31425,31462,31467,31472,31476,31490,31493,31616,31618,31703,31708,31710,31714,31736,31739,31819,31822,31841,31846,31848,31854,31859,31865,31868,31874,31877,31883,31888,31894,31900,31902,31925],[10,30056,10958,30058,10962],{"id":30057},"python-dictionary-update-method",[17,30059,14600],{},[14,30061,1845,30062,30064],{},[17,30063,14600],{}," method changes a dictionary by adding new key-value pairs or replacing existing values.",[14,30066,30067],{},"Use it when you want to modify an existing dictionary instead of creating a new one.",[141,30069,1870],{"id":1869},[60,30071,30073],{"className":62,"code":30072,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nperson.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[17,30074,30075,30111,30152,30162],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,30076,30077,30079,30081,30083,30085,30087,30089,30091,30093,30095,30097,30099,30101,30103,30105,30107,30109],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,30078,12849],{"class":75},[69,30080,80],{"class":79},[69,30082,10128],{"class":83},[69,30084,333],{"class":94},[69,30086,7297],{"class":336},[69,30088,333],{"class":94},[69,30090,1044],{"class":83},[69,30092,964],{"class":94},[69,30094,12524],{"class":336},[69,30096,333],{"class":94},[69,30098,91],{"class":83},[69,30100,964],{"class":94},[69,30102,8935],{"class":336},[69,30104,333],{"class":94},[69,30106,1044],{"class":83},[69,30108,7420],{"class":87},[69,30110,8945],{"class":83},[69,30112,30113,30115,30117,30120,30122,30124,30126,30128,30130,30133,30135,30137,30139,30141,30143,30145,30147,30149],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,30114,16955],{"class":75},[69,30116,25],{"class":83},[69,30118,30119],{"class":121},"update",[69,30121,309],{"class":83},[69,30123,333],{"class":94},[69,30125,8935],{"class":336},[69,30127,333],{"class":94},[69,30129,1044],{"class":83},[69,30131,30132],{"class":87}," 21",[69,30134,91],{"class":83},[69,30136,964],{"class":94},[69,30138,10046],{"class":336},[69,30140,333],{"class":94},[69,30142,1044],{"class":83},[69,30144,964],{"class":94},[69,30146,15678],{"class":336},[69,30148,333],{"class":94},[69,30150,30151],{"class":83},"})\n",[69,30153,30154,30156,30158,30160],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,30155,110],{"class":109},[69,30157,113],{"class":83},[69,30159,16955],{"class":121},[69,30161,221],{"class":83},[69,30163,30164],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,30165,30166],{"class":128},"# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[14,30168,132,30169,30171],{},[17,30170,14600],{}," to add new keys or overwrite existing keys from another dictionary or iterable of key-value pairs.",[141,30173,3540,30175,3543],{"id":30174},"what-update-does",[17,30176,14600],{},[14,30178,30179,30181],{},[17,30180,14600],{}," modifies the original dictionary in place.",[14,30183,30184],{},"It can do two main things:",[30,30186,30187,30190],{},[33,30188,30189],{},"Add new key-value pairs",[33,30191,30192],{},"Replace values for keys that already exist",[14,30194,30195],{},"Important things to know:",[30,30197,30198,30201,30204,30208],{},[33,30199,30200],{},"It changes the dictionary directly",[33,30202,30203],{},"It does not sort the dictionary",[33,30205,1658,30206],{},[17,30207,449],{},[33,30209,30210],{},"You should not assign its result to a new variable",[14,30212,2076],{},[60,30214,30216],{"className":62,"code":30215,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"student = {\"name\": \"Mira\", \"grade\": \"B\"}\nstudent.update({\"grade\": \"A\", \"city\": \"Quito\"})\nprint(student)\n",[17,30217,30218,30260,30303],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,30219,30220,30222,30224,30226,30228,30230,30232,30234,30236,30239,30241,30243,30245,30247,30249,30251,30253,30256,30258],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,30221,12507],{"class":75},[69,30223,80],{"class":79},[69,30225,10128],{"class":83},[69,30227,333],{"class":94},[69,30229,7297],{"class":336},[69,30231,333],{"class":94},[69,30233,1044],{"class":83},[69,30235,964],{"class":94},[69,30237,30238],{"class":336},"Mira",[69,30240,333],{"class":94},[69,30242,91],{"class":83},[69,30244,964],{"class":94},[69,30246,19541],{"class":336},[69,30248,333],{"class":94},[69,30250,1044],{"class":83},[69,30252,964],{"class":94},[69,30254,30255],{"class":336},"B",[69,30257,333],{"class":94},[69,30259,8945],{"class":83},[69,30261,30262,30264,30266,30268,30270,30272,30274,30276,30278,30280,30282,30284,30286,30288,30290,30292,30294,30296,30299,30301],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,30263,13271],{"class":75},[69,30265,25],{"class":83},[69,30267,30119],{"class":121},[69,30269,309],{"class":83},[69,30271,333],{"class":94},[69,30273,19541],{"class":336},[69,30275,333],{"class":94},[69,30277,1044],{"class":83},[69,30279,964],{"class":94},[69,30281,21896],{"class":336},[69,30283,333],{"class":94},[69,30285,91],{"class":83},[69,30287,964],{"class":94},[69,30289,10046],{"class":336},[69,30291,333],{"class":94},[69,30293,1044],{"class":83},[69,30295,964],{"class":94},[69,30297,30298],{"class":336},"Quito",[69,30300,333],{"class":94},[69,30302,30151],{"class":83},[69,30304,30305,30307,30309,30311],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,30306,110],{"class":109},[69,30308,113],{"class":83},[69,30310,13271],{"class":121},[69,30312,221],{"class":83},[14,30314,643],{},[60,30316,30318],{"className":62,"code":30317,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'name': 'Mira', 'grade': 'A', 'city': 'Quito'}\n",[17,30319,30320],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,30321,30322,30324,30326,30328,30330,30332,30334,30336,30338,30340,30342,30344,30346,30348,30350,30352,30354,30356,30358,30360,30362,30364,30366,30368,30370],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,30323,8914],{"class":83},[69,30325,488],{"class":94},[69,30327,7297],{"class":336},[69,30329,488],{"class":94},[69,30331,1044],{"class":83},[69,30333,3161],{"class":94},[69,30335,30238],{"class":336},[69,30337,488],{"class":94},[69,30339,91],{"class":83},[69,30341,3161],{"class":94},[69,30343,19541],{"class":336},[69,30345,488],{"class":94},[69,30347,1044],{"class":83},[69,30349,3161],{"class":94},[69,30351,21896],{"class":336},[69,30353,488],{"class":94},[69,30355,91],{"class":83},[69,30357,3161],{"class":94},[69,30359,10046],{"class":336},[69,30361,488],{"class":94},[69,30363,1044],{"class":83},[69,30365,3161],{"class":94},[69,30367,30298],{"class":336},[69,30369,488],{"class":94},[69,30371,8945],{"class":83},[14,30373,8787,30374,25],{},[192,30375,24280],{"href":9027},[141,30377,2024],{"id":2023},[14,30379,30380],{},"The basic form is:",[60,30382,30384],{"className":62,"code":30383,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"dictionary.update(other)\n",[17,30385,30386],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,30387,30388,30390,30392,30394,30396,30399],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,30389,15251],{"class":75},[69,30391,25],{"class":83},[69,30393,30119],{"class":121},[69,30395,113],{"class":83},[69,30397,30398],{"class":121},"other",[69,30400,221],{"class":83},[14,30402,30403,30405],{},[17,30404,30398],{}," can be:",[30,30407,30408,30411,30414],{},[33,30409,30410],{},"Another dictionary",[33,30412,30413],{},"An iterable of key-value pairs",[33,30415,30416],{},"Keyword arguments",[14,30418,30419],{},"You can also use:",[60,30421,30423],{"className":62,"code":30422,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"dictionary.update(name=\"Sam\")\n",[17,30424,30425],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,30426,30427,30429,30431,30433,30435,30437,30439,30441,30443,30445],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,30428,15251],{"class":75},[69,30430,25],{"class":83},[69,30432,30119],{"class":121},[69,30434,113],{"class":83},[69,30436,7297],{"class":8811},[69,30438,80],{"class":79},[69,30440,333],{"class":94},[69,30442,7306],{"class":336},[69,30444,333],{"class":94},[69,30446,221],{"class":83},[14,30448,30449],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins.",[14,30451,2076],{},[60,30453,30455],{"className":62,"code":30454,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = {\"a\": 1}\ndata.update({\"a\": 10})\nprint(data)\n",[17,30456,30457,30477,30499],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,30458,30459,30461,30463,30465,30467,30469,30471,30473,30475],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,30460,8801],{"class":75},[69,30462,80],{"class":79},[69,30464,10128],{"class":83},[69,30466,333],{"class":94},[69,30468,192],{"class":336},[69,30470,333],{"class":94},[69,30472,1044],{"class":83},[69,30474,272],{"class":87},[69,30476,8945],{"class":83},[69,30478,30479,30481,30483,30485,30487,30489,30491,30493,30495,30497],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,30480,8840],{"class":75},[69,30482,25],{"class":83},[69,30484,30119],{"class":121},[69,30486,309],{"class":83},[69,30488,333],{"class":94},[69,30490,192],{"class":336},[69,30492,333],{"class":94},[69,30494,1044],{"class":83},[69,30496,826],{"class":87},[69,30498,30151],{"class":83},[69,30500,30501,30503,30505,30507],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,30502,110],{"class":109},[69,30504,113],{"class":83},[69,30506,8840],{"class":121},[69,30508,221],{"class":83},[14,30510,643],{},[60,30512,30514],{"className":62,"code":30513,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'a': 10}\n",[17,30515,30516],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,30517,30518,30520,30522,30524,30526,30528,30530],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,30519,8914],{"class":83},[69,30521,488],{"class":94},[69,30523,192],{"class":336},[69,30525,488],{"class":94},[69,30527,1044],{"class":83},[69,30529,826],{"class":87},[69,30531,8945],{"class":83},[141,30533,8050,30535,30537],{"id":30534},"using-update-with-another-dictionary",[17,30536,14600],{}," with another dictionary",[14,30539,30540,30541,25],{},"This is the most common use of ",[17,30542,14600],{},[14,30544,30545],{},"It is useful when:",[30,30547,30548,30551,30554],{},[33,30549,30550],{},"Merging small dictionaries",[33,30552,30553],{},"Adding extra settings",[33,30555,30556],{},"Updating stored data",[14,30558,2076],{},[60,30560,30562],{"className":62,"code":30561,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"settings = {\"theme\": \"light\", \"font_size\": 12}\nnew_settings = {\"font_size\": 14, \"language\": \"en\"}\n\nsettings.update(new_settings)\nprint(settings)\n",[17,30563,30564,30601,30638,30642,30657],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,30565,30566,30568,30570,30572,30574,30576,30578,30580,30582,30584,30586,30588,30590,30592,30594,30596,30599],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,30567,13471],{"class":75},[69,30569,80],{"class":79},[69,30571,10128],{"class":83},[69,30573,333],{"class":94},[69,30575,12137],{"class":336},[69,30577,333],{"class":94},[69,30579,1044],{"class":83},[69,30581,964],{"class":94},[69,30583,20578],{"class":336},[69,30585,333],{"class":94},[69,30587,91],{"class":83},[69,30589,964],{"class":94},[69,30591,13496],{"class":336},[69,30593,333],{"class":94},[69,30595,1044],{"class":83},[69,30597,30598],{"class":87}," 12",[69,30600,8945],{"class":83},[69,30602,30603,30606,30608,30610,30612,30614,30616,30618,30620,30622,30624,30626,30628,30630,30632,30634,30636],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,30604,30605],{"class":75},"new_settings ",[69,30607,80],{"class":79},[69,30609,10128],{"class":83},[69,30611,333],{"class":94},[69,30613,13496],{"class":336},[69,30615,333],{"class":94},[69,30617,1044],{"class":83},[69,30619,13503],{"class":87},[69,30621,91],{"class":83},[69,30623,964],{"class":94},[69,30625,19773],{"class":336},[69,30627,333],{"class":94},[69,30629,1044],{"class":83},[69,30631,964],{"class":94},[69,30633,19807],{"class":336},[69,30635,333],{"class":94},[69,30637,8945],{"class":83},[69,30639,30640],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,30641,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,30643,30644,30646,30648,30650,30652,30655],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,30645,13530],{"class":75},[69,30647,25],{"class":83},[69,30649,30119],{"class":121},[69,30651,113],{"class":83},[69,30653,30654],{"class":121},"new_settings",[69,30656,221],{"class":83},[69,30658,30659,30661,30663,30665],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,30660,110],{"class":109},[69,30662,113],{"class":83},[69,30664,13530],{"class":121},[69,30666,221],{"class":83},[14,30668,643],{},[60,30670,30672],{"className":62,"code":30671,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'theme': 'light', 'font_size': 14, 'language': 'en'}\n",[17,30673,30674],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,30675,30676,30678,30680,30682,30684,30686,30688,30690,30692,30694,30696,30698,30700,30702,30704,30706,30708,30710,30712,30714,30716,30718,30720],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,30677,8914],{"class":83},[69,30679,488],{"class":94},[69,30681,12137],{"class":336},[69,30683,488],{"class":94},[69,30685,1044],{"class":83},[69,30687,3161],{"class":94},[69,30689,20578],{"class":336},[69,30691,488],{"class":94},[69,30693,91],{"class":83},[69,30695,3161],{"class":94},[69,30697,13496],{"class":336},[69,30699,488],{"class":94},[69,30701,1044],{"class":83},[69,30703,13503],{"class":87},[69,30705,91],{"class":83},[69,30707,3161],{"class":94},[69,30709,19773],{"class":336},[69,30711,488],{"class":94},[69,30713,1044],{"class":83},[69,30715,3161],{"class":94},[69,30717,19807],{"class":336},[69,30719,488],{"class":94},[69,30721,8945],{"class":83},[14,30723,13054],{},[30,30725,30726,30731],{},[33,30727,30728,30730],{},[17,30729,13496],{}," already existed, so its value was replaced",[33,30732,30733,30735],{},[17,30734,19773],{}," did not exist, so it was added",[14,30737,30738,30739,25],{},"If you want a task-focused guide, see ",[192,30740,30742],{"href":30741},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-merge-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","how to merge dictionaries in Python",[141,30744,8050,30746,30748],{"id":30745},"using-update-with-key-value-pairs",[17,30747,14600],{}," with key-value pairs",[14,30750,30751,30753],{},[17,30752,14600],{}," also works with iterables that contain pairs.",[14,30755,30756],{},"For example, you can pass a list of tuples:",[60,30758,30760],{"className":62,"code":30759,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"scores = {\"math\": 90}\npairs = [(\"science\", 85), (\"english\", 88)]\n\nscores.update(pairs)\nprint(scores)\n",[17,30761,30762,30782,30817,30821,30835],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,30763,30764,30766,30768,30770,30772,30774,30776,30778,30780],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,30765,4891],{"class":75},[69,30767,80],{"class":79},[69,30769,10128],{"class":83},[69,30771,333],{"class":94},[69,30773,18066],{"class":336},[69,30775,333],{"class":94},[69,30777,1044],{"class":83},[69,30779,19548],{"class":87},[69,30781,8945],{"class":83},[69,30783,30784,30786,30788,30790,30792,30794,30796,30798,30800,30802,30804,30806,30809,30811,30813,30815],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,30785,8851],{"class":75},[69,30787,80],{"class":79},[69,30789,8856],{"class":83},[69,30791,333],{"class":94},[69,30793,18075],{"class":336},[69,30795,333],{"class":94},[69,30797,91],{"class":83},[69,30799,13152],{"class":87},[69,30801,8869],{"class":83},[69,30803,8872],{"class":83},[69,30805,333],{"class":94},[69,30807,30808],{"class":336},"english",[69,30810,333],{"class":94},[69,30812,91],{"class":83},[69,30814,28574],{"class":87},[69,30816,8885],{"class":83},[69,30818,30819],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,30820,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,30822,30823,30825,30827,30829,30831,30833],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,30824,16036],{"class":75},[69,30826,25],{"class":83},[69,30828,30119],{"class":121},[69,30830,113],{"class":83},[69,30832,8898],{"class":121},[69,30834,221],{"class":83},[69,30836,30837,30839,30841,30843],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,30838,110],{"class":109},[69,30840,113],{"class":83},[69,30842,16036],{"class":121},[69,30844,221],{"class":83},[14,30846,643],{},[60,30848,30850],{"className":62,"code":30849,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'math': 90, 'science': 85, 'english': 88}\n",[17,30851,30852],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,30853,30854,30856,30858,30860,30862,30864,30866,30868,30870,30872,30874,30876,30878,30880,30882,30884,30886,30888,30890],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,30855,8914],{"class":83},[69,30857,488],{"class":94},[69,30859,18066],{"class":336},[69,30861,488],{"class":94},[69,30863,1044],{"class":83},[69,30865,19548],{"class":87},[69,30867,91],{"class":83},[69,30869,3161],{"class":94},[69,30871,18075],{"class":336},[69,30873,488],{"class":94},[69,30875,1044],{"class":83},[69,30877,13152],{"class":87},[69,30879,91],{"class":83},[69,30881,3161],{"class":94},[69,30883,30808],{"class":336},[69,30885,488],{"class":94},[69,30887,1044],{"class":83},[69,30889,28574],{"class":87},[69,30891,8945],{"class":83},[14,30893,30894],{},"Each item must contain exactly two values:",[30,30896,30897,30900],{},[33,30898,30899],{},"The key",[33,30901,30902],{},"The value",[14,30904,30905],{},"Bad structure will raise an error.",[14,30907,30908],{},"Example of incorrect data:",[60,30910,30912],{"className":62,"code":30911,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = {\"a\": 1}\nbad_pairs = [(\"b\", 2, 3)]\n\ndata.update(bad_pairs)\n",[17,30913,30914,30934,30959,30963],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,30915,30916,30918,30920,30922,30924,30926,30928,30930,30932],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,30917,8801],{"class":75},[69,30919,80],{"class":79},[69,30921,10128],{"class":83},[69,30923,333],{"class":94},[69,30925,192],{"class":336},[69,30927,333],{"class":94},[69,30929,1044],{"class":83},[69,30931,272],{"class":87},[69,30933,8945],{"class":83},[69,30935,30936,30939,30941,30943,30945,30947,30949,30951,30953,30955,30957],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,30937,30938],{"class":75},"bad_pairs ",[69,30940,80],{"class":79},[69,30942,8856],{"class":83},[69,30944,333],{"class":94},[69,30946,4587],{"class":336},[69,30948,333],{"class":94},[69,30950,91],{"class":83},[69,30952,316],{"class":87},[69,30954,91],{"class":83},[69,30956,516],{"class":87},[69,30958,8885],{"class":83},[69,30960,30961],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,30962,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,30964,30965,30967,30969,30971,30973,30976],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,30966,8840],{"class":75},[69,30968,25],{"class":83},[69,30970,30119],{"class":121},[69,30972,113],{"class":83},[69,30974,30975],{"class":121},"bad_pairs",[69,30977,221],{"class":83},[14,30979,30980],{},"This causes an error because each item must be a pair.",[14,30982,30983],{},"This form is useful when you have simple data that needs to become dictionary entries.",[141,30985,30987],{"id":30986},"using-keyword-arguments","Using keyword arguments",[14,30989,30990],{},"You can also pass key-value pairs as keyword arguments:",[60,30992,30994],{"className":62,"code":30993,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"user = {\"name\": \"Leo\"}\nuser.update(age=25, city=\"Madrid\")\nprint(user)\n",[17,30995,30996,31020,31052],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,30997,30998,31000,31002,31004,31006,31008,31010,31012,31014,31016,31018],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,30999,11129],{"class":75},[69,31001,80],{"class":79},[69,31003,10128],{"class":83},[69,31005,333],{"class":94},[69,31007,7297],{"class":336},[69,31009,333],{"class":94},[69,31011,1044],{"class":83},[69,31013,964],{"class":94},[69,31015,28567],{"class":336},[69,31017,333],{"class":94},[69,31019,8945],{"class":83},[69,31021,31022,31024,31026,31028,31030,31032,31034,31036,31038,31041,31043,31045,31048,31050],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,31023,11223],{"class":75},[69,31025,25],{"class":83},[69,31027,30119],{"class":121},[69,31029,113],{"class":83},[69,31031,8935],{"class":8811},[69,31033,80],{"class":79},[69,31035,8829],{"class":87},[69,31037,91],{"class":83},[69,31039,31040],{"class":8811}," city",[69,31042,80],{"class":79},[69,31044,333],{"class":94},[69,31046,31047],{"class":336},"Madrid",[69,31049,333],{"class":94},[69,31051,221],{"class":83},[69,31053,31054,31056,31058,31060],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,31055,110],{"class":109},[69,31057,113],{"class":83},[69,31059,11223],{"class":121},[69,31061,221],{"class":83},[14,31063,643],{},[60,31065,31067],{"className":62,"code":31066,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'name': 'Leo', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Madrid'}\n",[17,31068,31069],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,31070,31071,31073,31075,31077,31079,31081,31083,31085,31087,31089,31091,31093,31095,31097,31099,31101,31103,31105,31107,31109,31111,31113,31115],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,31072,8914],{"class":83},[69,31074,488],{"class":94},[69,31076,7297],{"class":336},[69,31078,488],{"class":94},[69,31080,1044],{"class":83},[69,31082,3161],{"class":94},[69,31084,28567],{"class":336},[69,31086,488],{"class":94},[69,31088,91],{"class":83},[69,31090,3161],{"class":94},[69,31092,8935],{"class":336},[69,31094,488],{"class":94},[69,31096,1044],{"class":83},[69,31098,8942],{"class":87},[69,31100,91],{"class":83},[69,31102,3161],{"class":94},[69,31104,10046],{"class":336},[69,31106,488],{"class":94},[69,31108,1044],{"class":83},[69,31110,3161],{"class":94},[69,31112,31047],{"class":336},[69,31114,488],{"class":94},[69,31116,8945],{"class":83},[14,31118,31119],{},"This is convenient for simple string keys.",[14,31121,31122],{},"But there is one limit: keys must be valid Python identifiers.",[14,31124,31125],{},"These work:",[30,31127,31128,31132,31136],{},[33,31129,31130],{},[17,31131,8935],{},[33,31133,31134],{},[17,31135,10046],{},[33,31137,31138],{},[17,31139,31140],{},"first_name",[14,31142,31143],{},"These do not work as keyword arguments:",[30,31145,31146,31151],{},[33,31147,31148],{},[17,31149,31150],{},"\"first name\"",[33,31152,31153],{},[17,31154,31155],{},"\"user-id\"",[14,31157,31158],{},"For keys like that, use a dictionary instead:",[60,31160,31162],{"className":62,"code":31161,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"user = {}\nuser.update({\"first name\": \"Leo\", \"user-id\": 1001})\nprint(user)\n",[17,31163,31164,31172,31212],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,31165,31166,31168,31170],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,31167,11129],{"class":75},[69,31169,80],{"class":79},[69,31171,9475],{"class":83},[69,31173,31174,31176,31178,31180,31182,31184,31186,31188,31190,31192,31194,31196,31198,31200,31203,31205,31207,31210],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,31175,11223],{"class":75},[69,31177,25],{"class":83},[69,31179,30119],{"class":121},[69,31181,309],{"class":83},[69,31183,333],{"class":94},[69,31185,10150],{"class":336},[69,31187,333],{"class":94},[69,31189,1044],{"class":83},[69,31191,964],{"class":94},[69,31193,28567],{"class":336},[69,31195,333],{"class":94},[69,31197,91],{"class":83},[69,31199,964],{"class":94},[69,31201,31202],{"class":336},"user-id",[69,31204,333],{"class":94},[69,31206,1044],{"class":83},[69,31208,31209],{"class":87}," 1001",[69,31211,30151],{"class":83},[69,31213,31214,31216,31218,31220],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,31215,110],{"class":109},[69,31217,113],{"class":83},[69,31219,11223],{"class":121},[69,31221,221],{"class":83},[141,31223,17067],{"id":17066},[14,31225,31226,678,31228,25],{},[17,31227,14600],{},[17,31229,449],{},[14,31231,13694],{},[14,31233,24360],{},[60,31235,31237],{"className":62,"code":31236,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nresult = person.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(result)\nprint(person)\n",[17,31238,31239,31263,31289,31293,31303],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,31240,31241,31243,31245,31247,31249,31251,31253,31255,31257,31259,31261],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,31242,12849],{"class":75},[69,31244,80],{"class":79},[69,31246,10128],{"class":83},[69,31248,333],{"class":94},[69,31250,7297],{"class":336},[69,31252,333],{"class":94},[69,31254,1044],{"class":83},[69,31256,964],{"class":94},[69,31258,12524],{"class":336},[69,31260,333],{"class":94},[69,31262,8945],{"class":83},[69,31264,31265,31267,31269,31271,31273,31275,31277,31279,31281,31283,31285,31287],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,31266,839],{"class":75},[69,31268,80],{"class":79},[69,31270,12892],{"class":75},[69,31272,25],{"class":83},[69,31274,30119],{"class":121},[69,31276,309],{"class":83},[69,31278,333],{"class":94},[69,31280,8935],{"class":336},[69,31282,333],{"class":94},[69,31284,1044],{"class":83},[69,31286,7420],{"class":87},[69,31288,30151],{"class":83},[69,31290,31291],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,31292,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,31294,31295,31297,31299,31301],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,31296,110],{"class":109},[69,31298,113],{"class":83},[69,31300,876],{"class":121},[69,31302,221],{"class":83},[69,31304,31305,31307,31309,31311],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,31306,110],{"class":109},[69,31308,113],{"class":83},[69,31310,16955],{"class":121},[69,31312,221],{"class":83},[14,31314,643],{},[60,31316,31318],{"className":62,"code":31317,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"None\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[17,31319,31320,31324],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,31321,31322],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,31323,11450],{"class":289},[69,31325,31326,31328,31330,31332,31334,31336,31338,31340,31342,31344,31346,31348,31350,31352,31354],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,31327,8914],{"class":83},[69,31329,488],{"class":94},[69,31331,7297],{"class":336},[69,31333,488],{"class":94},[69,31335,1044],{"class":83},[69,31337,3161],{"class":94},[69,31339,12524],{"class":336},[69,31341,488],{"class":94},[69,31343,91],{"class":83},[69,31345,3161],{"class":94},[69,31347,8935],{"class":336},[69,31349,488],{"class":94},[69,31351,1044],{"class":83},[69,31353,7420],{"class":87},[69,31355,8945],{"class":83},[14,31357,16303],{},[60,31359,31361],{"className":62,"code":31360,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nperson.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(person)\n",[17,31362,31363,31387,31409,31413],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,31364,31365,31367,31369,31371,31373,31375,31377,31379,31381,31383,31385],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,31366,12849],{"class":75},[69,31368,80],{"class":79},[69,31370,10128],{"class":83},[69,31372,333],{"class":94},[69,31374,7297],{"class":336},[69,31376,333],{"class":94},[69,31378,1044],{"class":83},[69,31380,964],{"class":94},[69,31382,12524],{"class":336},[69,31384,333],{"class":94},[69,31386,8945],{"class":83},[69,31388,31389,31391,31393,31395,31397,31399,31401,31403,31405,31407],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,31390,16955],{"class":75},[69,31392,25],{"class":83},[69,31394,30119],{"class":121},[69,31396,309],{"class":83},[69,31398,333],{"class":94},[69,31400,8935],{"class":336},[69,31402,333],{"class":94},[69,31404,1044],{"class":83},[69,31406,7420],{"class":87},[69,31408,30151],{"class":83},[69,31410,31411],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,31412,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,31414,31415,31417,31419,31421],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,31416,110],{"class":109},[69,31418,113],{"class":83},[69,31420,16955],{"class":121},[69,31422,221],{"class":83},[14,31424,643],{},[60,31426,31428],{"className":62,"code":31427,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[17,31429,31430],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,31431,31432,31434,31436,31438,31440,31442,31444,31446,31448,31450,31452,31454,31456,31458,31460],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,31433,8914],{"class":83},[69,31435,488],{"class":94},[69,31437,7297],{"class":336},[69,31439,488],{"class":94},[69,31441,1044],{"class":83},[69,31443,3161],{"class":94},[69,31445,12524],{"class":336},[69,31447,488],{"class":94},[69,31449,91],{"class":83},[69,31451,3161],{"class":94},[69,31453,8935],{"class":336},[69,31455,488],{"class":94},[69,31457,1044],{"class":83},[69,31459,7420],{"class":87},[69,31461,8945],{"class":83},[14,31463,31464,31465,25],{},"If you only want to add or change one key, see ",[192,31466,17553],{"href":10369},[141,31468,4788,31470],{"id":31469},"when-to-use-update",[17,31471,14600],{},[14,31473,132,31474,10239],{},[17,31475,14600],{},[30,31477,31478,31481,31484,31487],{},[33,31479,31480],{},"You want to modify an existing dictionary",[33,31482,31483],{},"You want to add several keys at once",[33,31485,31486],{},"You want to merge settings or user data",[33,31488,31489],{},"Overwriting old values is acceptable",[14,31491,31492],{},"If you want to keep the original dictionary unchanged, make a copy first:",[60,31494,31496],{"className":62,"code":31495,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"original = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nupdated = original.copy()\n\nupdated.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\n\nprint(original)\nprint(updated)\n",[17,31497,31498,31534,31549,31553,31592,31596,31606],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,31499,31500,31502,31504,31506,31508,31510,31512,31514,31516,31518,31520,31522,31524,31526,31528,31530,31532],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,31501,11728],{"class":75},[69,31503,80],{"class":79},[69,31505,10128],{"class":83},[69,31507,333],{"class":94},[69,31509,7297],{"class":336},[69,31511,333],{"class":94},[69,31513,1044],{"class":83},[69,31515,964],{"class":94},[69,31517,12524],{"class":336},[69,31519,333],{"class":94},[69,31521,91],{"class":83},[69,31523,964],{"class":94},[69,31525,8935],{"class":336},[69,31527,333],{"class":94},[69,31529,1044],{"class":83},[69,31531,7420],{"class":87},[69,31533,8945],{"class":83},[69,31535,31536,31539,31541,31543,31545,31547],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,31537,31538],{"class":75},"updated ",[69,31540,80],{"class":79},[69,31542,11803],{"class":75},[69,31544,25],{"class":83},[69,31546,12555],{"class":121},[69,31548,8277],{"class":83},[69,31550,31551],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,31552,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,31554,31555,31558,31560,31562,31564,31566,31568,31570,31572,31574,31576,31578,31580,31582,31584,31586,31588,31590],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,31556,31557],{"class":75},"updated",[69,31559,25],{"class":83},[69,31561,30119],{"class":121},[69,31563,309],{"class":83},[69,31565,333],{"class":94},[69,31567,8935],{"class":336},[69,31569,333],{"class":94},[69,31571,1044],{"class":83},[69,31573,30132],{"class":87},[69,31575,91],{"class":83},[69,31577,964],{"class":94},[69,31579,10046],{"class":336},[69,31581,333],{"class":94},[69,31583,1044],{"class":83},[69,31585,964],{"class":94},[69,31587,15678],{"class":336},[69,31589,333],{"class":94},[69,31591,30151],{"class":83},[69,31593,31594],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,31595,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,31597,31598,31600,31602,31604],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,31599,110],{"class":109},[69,31601,113],{"class":83},[69,31603,11775],{"class":121},[69,31605,221],{"class":83},[69,31607,31608,31610,31612,31614],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,31609,110],{"class":109},[69,31611,113],{"class":83},[69,31613,31557],{"class":121},[69,31615,221],{"class":83},[14,31617,643],{},[60,31619,31621],{"className":62,"code":31620,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[17,31622,31623,31655],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,31624,31625,31627,31629,31631,31633,31635,31637,31639,31641,31643,31645,31647,31649,31651,31653],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,31626,8914],{"class":83},[69,31628,488],{"class":94},[69,31630,7297],{"class":336},[69,31632,488],{"class":94},[69,31634,1044],{"class":83},[69,31636,3161],{"class":94},[69,31638,12524],{"class":336},[69,31640,488],{"class":94},[69,31642,91],{"class":83},[69,31644,3161],{"class":94},[69,31646,8935],{"class":336},[69,31648,488],{"class":94},[69,31650,1044],{"class":83},[69,31652,7420],{"class":87},[69,31654,8945],{"class":83},[69,31656,31657,31659,31661,31663,31665,31667,31669,31671,31673,31675,31677,31679,31681,31683,31685,31687,31689,31691,31693,31695,31697,31699,31701],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,31658,8914],{"class":83},[69,31660,488],{"class":94},[69,31662,7297],{"class":336},[69,31664,488],{"class":94},[69,31666,1044],{"class":83},[69,31668,3161],{"class":94},[69,31670,12524],{"class":336},[69,31672,488],{"class":94},[69,31674,91],{"class":83},[69,31676,3161],{"class":94},[69,31678,8935],{"class":336},[69,31680,488],{"class":94},[69,31682,1044],{"class":83},[69,31684,30132],{"class":87},[69,31686,91],{"class":83},[69,31688,3161],{"class":94},[69,31690,10046],{"class":336},[69,31692,488],{"class":94},[69,31694,1044],{"class":83},[69,31696,3161],{"class":94},[69,31698,15678],{"class":336},[69,31700,488],{"class":94},[69,31702,8945],{"class":83},[14,31704,31705,31706,25],{},"After updating a dictionary, you may also want to learn ",[192,31707,16245],{"href":16244},[141,31709,2698],{"id":2697},[14,31711,10386,31712,1044],{},[17,31713,14600],{},[30,31715,31716,31723,31727,31730,31733],{},[33,31717,12237,31718,31720,31721],{},[17,31719,14600],{}," to a variable and getting ",[17,31722,449],{},[33,31724,8086,31725,12245],{},[17,31726,14600],{},[33,31728,31729],{},"Passing items that are not key-value pairs",[33,31731,31732],{},"Using keyword arguments for keys that are not valid identifiers",[33,31734,31735],{},"Overwriting existing values by mistake",[14,31737,31738],{},"Useful debugging checks:",[60,31740,31742],{"className":62,"code":31741,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(data))\nprint(list(data))\nprint(my_dict.get('key'))\nhelp(dict.update)\n",[17,31743,31744,31754,31768,31782,31804],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,31745,31746,31748,31750,31752],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,31747,110],{"class":109},[69,31749,113],{"class":83},[69,31751,11090],{"class":121},[69,31753,221],{"class":83},[69,31755,31756,31758,31760,31762,31764,31766],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,31757,110],{"class":109},[69,31759,113],{"class":83},[69,31761,3087],{"class":1126},[69,31763,113],{"class":83},[69,31765,8840],{"class":121},[69,31767,342],{"class":83},[69,31769,31770,31772,31774,31776,31778,31780],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,31771,110],{"class":109},[69,31773,113],{"class":83},[69,31775,7725],{"class":1126},[69,31777,113],{"class":83},[69,31779,8840],{"class":121},[69,31781,342],{"class":83},[69,31783,31784,31786,31788,31790,31792,31794,31796,31798,31800,31802],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,31785,110],{"class":109},[69,31787,113],{"class":83},[69,31789,11090],{"class":121},[69,31791,25],{"class":83},[69,31793,19400],{"class":121},[69,31795,113],{"class":83},[69,31797,488],{"class":94},[69,31799,14487],{"class":336},[69,31801,488],{"class":94},[69,31803,342],{"class":83},[69,31805,31806,31809,31811,31813,31815,31817],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,31807,31808],{"class":109},"help",[69,31810,113],{"class":83},[69,31812,8456],{"class":1126},[69,31814,25],{"class":83},[69,31816,30119],{"class":24402},[69,31818,221],{"class":83},[14,31820,31821],{},"These can help you check:",[30,31823,31824,31827,31832,31835,31838],{},[33,31825,31826],{},"What your dictionary currently contains",[33,31828,31829,31830],{},"What type of data you are passing to ",[17,31831,14600],{},[33,31833,31834],{},"Whether your input really contains pairs",[33,31836,31837],{},"Whether a key exists",[33,31839,31840],{},"The built-in method help text",[14,31842,31843,31844,25],{},"If you are trying to read a missing key after updating, you may also run into ",[192,31845,10902],{"href":10713},[141,31847,1651],{"id":1650},[1369,31849,12347,31851,31853],{"id":31850},"does-update-return-a-new-dictionary",[17,31852,14600],{}," return a new dictionary?",[14,31855,31856,31857,25],{},"No. It changes the original dictionary and returns ",[17,31858,449],{},[1369,31860,12347,31862,31864],{"id":31861},"does-update-overwrite-existing-keys",[17,31863,14600],{}," overwrite existing keys?",[14,31866,31867],{},"Yes. If a key already exists, its value is replaced.",[1369,31869,4996,31871,31873],{"id":31870},"can-update-add-new-keys",[17,31872,14600],{}," add new keys?",[14,31875,31876],{},"Yes. Missing keys are added to the dictionary.",[1369,31878,27982,31880,31882],{"id":31879},"can-i-use-update-with-a-list",[17,31881,14600],{}," with a list?",[14,31884,31885,31886,25],{},"Yes, if the list contains key-value pairs like ",[17,31887,10734],{},[1369,31889,5006,31891,31893],{"id":31890},"what-is-the-difference-between-update-and-assigning-one-key",[17,31892,14600],{}," and assigning one key?",[14,31895,31896,31897,31899],{},"Single assignment changes one key. ",[17,31898,14600],{}," can change many keys at once.",[141,31901,1771],{"id":1770},[30,31903,31904,31908,31912,31917,31921],{},[33,31905,31906],{},[192,31907,25748],{"href":9027},[33,31909,31910],{},[192,31911,10891],{"href":10369},[33,31913,31914],{},[192,31915,31916],{"href":30741},"How to merge dictionaries in Python",[33,31918,31919],{},[192,31920,21108],{"href":16244},[33,31922,31923],{},[192,31924,10902],{"href":10713},[1802,31926,31927],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":31929},[31930,31931,31933,31934,31936,31938,31939,31940,31942,31943,31955],{"id":1869,"depth":106,"text":1870},{"id":30174,"depth":106,"text":31932},"What update() does",{"id":2023,"depth":106,"text":2024},{"id":30534,"depth":106,"text":31935},"Using update() with another dictionary",{"id":30745,"depth":106,"text":31937},"Using update() with key-value pairs",{"id":30986,"depth":106,"text":30987},{"id":17066,"depth":106,"text":17067},{"id":31469,"depth":106,"text":31941},"When to use update()",{"id":2697,"depth":106,"text":2698},{"id":1650,"depth":106,"text":1651,"children":31944},[31945,31947,31949,31951,31953],{"id":31850,"depth":300,"text":31946},"Does update() return a new dictionary?",{"id":31861,"depth":300,"text":31948},"Does update() overwrite existing keys?",{"id":31870,"depth":300,"text":31950},"Can update() add new keys?",{"id":31879,"depth":300,"text":31952},"Can I use update() with a list?",{"id":31890,"depth":300,"text":31954},"What is the difference between update() and assigning one key?",{"id":1770,"depth":106,"text":1771},"Master python dictionary update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":30052,"description":31956},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method","njJ700GKZ1TE_XL_n6OM2NaXw_gA2-mTYBWaDLPqKa8",{"id":31962,"title":31963,"body":31964,"description":33953,"extension":1828,"meta":33954,"navigation":833,"path":22546,"seo":33955,"stem":33956,"__hash__":33957},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method.md","Python Dictionary values() Method",{"type":7,"value":31965,"toc":33916},[31966,31971,31978,31981,31983,32082,32084,32139,32144,32149,32163,32168,32170,32185,32187,32201,32214,32219,32225,32232,32234,32341,32343,32392,32398,32473,32475,32496,32498,32501,32606,32608,32663,32665,32693,32697,32702,32781,32783,32803,32805,32816,32826,32830,32835,32939,32941,32966,32969,32980,32985,32994,32997,33014,33016,33103,33105,33168,33170,33193,33195,33200,33206,33211,33213,33252,33258,33261,33280,33291,33297,33300,33373,33375,33394,33399,33402,33425,33431,33434,33498,33501,33578,33585,33588,33647,33653,33655,33674,33678,33681,33732,33735,33755,33757,33818,33820,33825,33830,33835,33840,33845,33850,33856,33859,33868,33876,33878,33913],[10,31967,10958,31969,10962],{"id":31968},"python-dictionary-values-method",[17,31970,16719],{},[14,31972,31973,31974,31977],{},"The Python ",[17,31975,31976],{},"dict.values()"," method returns all values from a dictionary.",[14,31979,31980],{},"It is useful when you want the values only and do not need the keys. A common beginner use case is getting all values from a dictionary so you can print them, loop through them, or convert them to a list.",[141,31982,1870],{"id":1869},[60,31984,31986],{"className":62,"code":31985,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(values)\nprint(list(values))\n",[17,31987,31988,32040,32054,32058,32068],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,31989,31990,31992,31994,31996,31998,32000,32002,32004,32006,32008,32010,32012,32014,32016,32018,32020,32022,32024,32026,32028,32030,32032,32034,32036,32038],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,31991,12507],{"class":75},[69,31993,80],{"class":79},[69,31995,10128],{"class":83},[69,31997,333],{"class":94},[69,31999,7297],{"class":336},[69,32001,333],{"class":94},[69,32003,1044],{"class":83},[69,32005,964],{"class":94},[69,32007,12524],{"class":336},[69,32009,333],{"class":94},[69,32011,91],{"class":83},[69,32013,964],{"class":94},[69,32015,8935],{"class":336},[69,32017,333],{"class":94},[69,32019,1044],{"class":83},[69,32021,7420],{"class":87},[69,32023,91],{"class":83},[69,32025,964],{"class":94},[69,32027,10046],{"class":336},[69,32029,333],{"class":94},[69,32031,1044],{"class":83},[69,32033,964],{"class":94},[69,32035,15678],{"class":336},[69,32037,333],{"class":94},[69,32039,8945],{"class":83},[69,32041,32042,32044,32046,32048,32050,32052],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,32043,76],{"class":75},[69,32045,80],{"class":79},[69,32047,12550],{"class":75},[69,32049,25],{"class":83},[69,32051,122],{"class":121},[69,32053,8277],{"class":83},[69,32055,32056],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,32057,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,32059,32060,32062,32064,32066],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,32061,110],{"class":109},[69,32063,113],{"class":83},[69,32065,122],{"class":121},[69,32067,221],{"class":83},[69,32069,32070,32072,32074,32076,32078,32080],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,32071,110],{"class":109},[69,32073,113],{"class":83},[69,32075,7725],{"class":1126},[69,32077,113],{"class":83},[69,32079,122],{"class":121},[69,32081,342],{"class":83},[14,32083,643],{},[60,32085,32087],{"className":62,"code":32086,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"dict_values(['Ana', 20, 'Lima'])\n['Ana', 20, 'Lima']\n",[17,32088,32089,32115],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,32090,32091,32093,32095,32097,32099,32101,32103,32105,32107,32109,32111,32113],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,32092,16685],{"class":121},[69,32094,260],{"class":83},[69,32096,488],{"class":94},[69,32098,12524],{"class":336},[69,32100,488],{"class":94},[69,32102,91],{"class":83},[69,32104,7420],{"class":87},[69,32106,91],{"class":83},[69,32108,3161],{"class":94},[69,32110,15678],{"class":336},[69,32112,488],{"class":94},[69,32114,3727],{"class":83},[69,32116,32117,32119,32121,32123,32125,32127,32129,32131,32133,32135,32137],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,32118,3739],{"class":83},[69,32120,488],{"class":94},[69,32122,12524],{"class":336},[69,32124,488],{"class":94},[69,32126,91],{"class":83},[69,32128,7420],{"class":87},[69,32130,91],{"class":83},[69,32132,3161],{"class":94},[69,32134,15678],{"class":336},[69,32136,488],{"class":94},[69,32138,103],{"class":83},[14,32140,32141,32143],{},[17,32142,16719],{}," returns a dictionary view object. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list.",[141,32145,3540,32147,3543],{"id":32146},"what-values-does",[17,32148,16719],{},[30,32150,32151,32154,32157,32160],{},[33,32152,32153],{},"It is used on a dictionary",[33,32155,32156],{},"It returns all dictionary values",[33,32158,32159],{},"It keeps the same order as the dictionary",[33,32161,32162],{},"It returns a view object, not a new list",[14,32164,32165,32166,25],{},"If you already know how to create dictionaries, see ",[192,32167,9028],{"href":9027},[141,32169,2024],{"id":2023},[60,32171,32173],{"className":62,"code":32172,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_dict.values()\n",[17,32174,32175],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,32176,32177,32179,32181,32183],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,32178,11090],{"class":75},[69,32180,25],{"class":83},[69,32182,122],{"class":121},[69,32184,8277],{"class":83},[14,32186,12696],{},[30,32188,32189,32193,32196],{},[33,32190,32191,11106],{},[17,32192,16719],{},[33,32194,32195],{},"It works only on dictionary objects",[33,32197,32198,32199],{},"You must include the parentheses: ",[17,32200,16719],{},[14,32202,32203,32204,587,32209,25],{},"This is a dictionary method, similar to ",[192,32205,32206,32208],{"href":16710},[17,32207,16713],{}," for dictionary keys",[192,32210,32211,32213],{"href":16723},[17,32212,16726],{}," for key-value pairs",[141,32215,3540,32217,11347],{"id":32216},"what-values-returns",[17,32218,16719],{},[14,32220,32221,21626,32223,24416],{},[17,32222,16719],{},[17,32224,16685],{},[14,32226,32227,32228,32231],{},"This object is a ",[22,32229,32230],{},"view"," of the dictionary values. That means it shows the current values in the dictionary, and it updates if the dictionary changes.",[14,32233,2076],{},[60,32235,32237],{"className":62,"code":32236,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\n\nvalues_view = person.values()\nprint(values_view)\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Quito\"\nprint(values_view)\n",[17,32238,32239,32275,32279,32294,32305,32309,32331],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,32240,32241,32243,32245,32247,32249,32251,32253,32255,32257,32259,32261,32263,32265,32267,32269,32271,32273],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,32242,12849],{"class":75},[69,32244,80],{"class":79},[69,32246,10128],{"class":83},[69,32248,333],{"class":94},[69,32250,7297],{"class":336},[69,32252,333],{"class":94},[69,32254,1044],{"class":83},[69,32256,964],{"class":94},[69,32258,7552],{"class":336},[69,32260,333],{"class":94},[69,32262,91],{"class":83},[69,32264,964],{"class":94},[69,32266,8935],{"class":336},[69,32268,333],{"class":94},[69,32270,1044],{"class":83},[69,32272,8942],{"class":87},[69,32274,8945],{"class":83},[69,32276,32277],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,32278,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,32280,32281,32284,32286,32288,32290,32292],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,32282,32283],{"class":75},"values_view ",[69,32285,80],{"class":79},[69,32287,12892],{"class":75},[69,32289,25],{"class":83},[69,32291,122],{"class":121},[69,32293,8277],{"class":83},[69,32295,32296,32298,32300,32303],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,32297,110],{"class":109},[69,32299,113],{"class":83},[69,32301,32302],{"class":121},"values_view",[69,32304,221],{"class":83},[69,32306,32307],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,32308,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,32310,32311,32313,32315,32317,32319,32321,32323,32325,32327,32329],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,32312,16955],{"class":75},[69,32314,3739],{"class":83},[69,32316,333],{"class":94},[69,32318,10046],{"class":336},[69,32320,333],{"class":94},[69,32322,12918],{"class":83},[69,32324,12921],{"class":79},[69,32326,964],{"class":94},[69,32328,30298],{"class":336},[69,32330,3224],{"class":94},[69,32332,32333,32335,32337,32339],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,32334,110],{"class":109},[69,32336,113],{"class":83},[69,32338,32302],{"class":121},[69,32340,221],{"class":83},[14,32342,643],{},[60,32344,32346],{"className":62,"code":32345,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"dict_values(['Mia', 25])\ndict_values(['Mia', 25, 'Quito'])\n",[17,32347,32348,32366],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,32349,32350,32352,32354,32356,32358,32360,32362,32364],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,32351,16685],{"class":121},[69,32353,260],{"class":83},[69,32355,488],{"class":94},[69,32357,7552],{"class":336},[69,32359,488],{"class":94},[69,32361,91],{"class":83},[69,32363,8942],{"class":87},[69,32365,3727],{"class":83},[69,32367,32368,32370,32372,32374,32376,32378,32380,32382,32384,32386,32388,32390],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,32369,16685],{"class":121},[69,32371,260],{"class":83},[69,32373,488],{"class":94},[69,32375,7552],{"class":336},[69,32377,488],{"class":94},[69,32379,91],{"class":83},[69,32381,8942],{"class":87},[69,32383,91],{"class":83},[69,32385,3161],{"class":94},[69,32387,30298],{"class":336},[69,32389,488],{"class":94},[69,32391,3727],{"class":83},[14,32393,32394,32395,25],{},"If you need a regular list, use ",[17,32396,32397],{},"list(my_dict.values())",[60,32399,32401],{"className":62,"code":32400,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\nvalues_list = list(person.values())\n\nprint(values_list)\n",[17,32402,32403,32439,32458,32462],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,32404,32405,32407,32409,32411,32413,32415,32417,32419,32421,32423,32425,32427,32429,32431,32433,32435,32437],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,32406,12849],{"class":75},[69,32408,80],{"class":79},[69,32410,10128],{"class":83},[69,32412,333],{"class":94},[69,32414,7297],{"class":336},[69,32416,333],{"class":94},[69,32418,1044],{"class":83},[69,32420,964],{"class":94},[69,32422,7552],{"class":336},[69,32424,333],{"class":94},[69,32426,91],{"class":83},[69,32428,964],{"class":94},[69,32430,8935],{"class":336},[69,32432,333],{"class":94},[69,32434,1044],{"class":83},[69,32436,8942],{"class":87},[69,32438,8945],{"class":83},[69,32440,32441,32444,32446,32448,32450,32452,32454,32456],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,32442,32443],{"class":75},"values_list ",[69,32445,80],{"class":79},[69,32447,22211],{"class":1126},[69,32449,113],{"class":83},[69,32451,16955],{"class":121},[69,32453,25],{"class":83},[69,32455,122],{"class":121},[69,32457,6822],{"class":83},[69,32459,32460],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,32461,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,32463,32464,32466,32468,32471],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,32465,110],{"class":109},[69,32467,113],{"class":83},[69,32469,32470],{"class":121},"values_list",[69,32472,221],{"class":83},[14,32474,643],{},[60,32476,32478],{"className":62,"code":32477,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['Mia', 25]\n",[17,32479,32480],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,32481,32482,32484,32486,32488,32490,32492,32494],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,32483,3739],{"class":83},[69,32485,488],{"class":94},[69,32487,7552],{"class":336},[69,32489,488],{"class":94},[69,32491,91],{"class":83},[69,32493,8942],{"class":87},[69,32495,103],{"class":83},[141,32497,11116],{"id":11115},[14,32499,32500],{},"Here is a basic example step by step:",[60,32502,32504],{"className":62,"code":32503,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2022, \"color\": \"blue\"}\n\nresult = car.values()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(list(result))\n",[17,32505,32506,32560,32564,32578,32582,32592],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,32507,32508,32510,32512,32514,32516,32518,32520,32522,32524,32526,32528,32530,32532,32534,32536,32538,32541,32543,32545,32548,32550,32552,32554,32556,32558],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,32509,24448],{"class":75},[69,32511,80],{"class":79},[69,32513,10128],{"class":83},[69,32515,333],{"class":94},[69,32517,24457],{"class":336},[69,32519,333],{"class":94},[69,32521,1044],{"class":83},[69,32523,964],{"class":94},[69,32525,24466],{"class":336},[69,32527,333],{"class":94},[69,32529,91],{"class":83},[69,32531,964],{"class":94},[69,32533,24475],{"class":336},[69,32535,333],{"class":94},[69,32537,1044],{"class":83},[69,32539,32540],{"class":87}," 2022",[69,32542,91],{"class":83},[69,32544,964],{"class":94},[69,32546,32547],{"class":336},"color",[69,32549,333],{"class":94},[69,32551,1044],{"class":83},[69,32553,964],{"class":94},[69,32555,12754],{"class":336},[69,32557,333],{"class":94},[69,32559,8945],{"class":83},[69,32561,32562],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,32563,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,32565,32566,32568,32570,32572,32574,32576],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,32567,839],{"class":75},[69,32569,80],{"class":79},[69,32571,24497],{"class":75},[69,32573,25],{"class":83},[69,32575,122],{"class":121},[69,32577,8277],{"class":83},[69,32579,32580],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,32581,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,32583,32584,32586,32588,32590],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,32585,110],{"class":109},[69,32587,113],{"class":83},[69,32589,876],{"class":121},[69,32591,221],{"class":83},[69,32593,32594,32596,32598,32600,32602,32604],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,32595,110],{"class":109},[69,32597,113],{"class":83},[69,32599,7725],{"class":1126},[69,32601,113],{"class":83},[69,32603,876],{"class":121},[69,32605,342],{"class":83},[14,32607,643],{},[60,32609,32611],{"className":62,"code":32610,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"dict_values(['Toyota', 2022, 'blue'])\n['Toyota', 2022, 'blue']\n",[17,32612,32613,32639],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,32614,32615,32617,32619,32621,32623,32625,32627,32629,32631,32633,32635,32637],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,32616,16685],{"class":121},[69,32618,260],{"class":83},[69,32620,488],{"class":94},[69,32622,24466],{"class":336},[69,32624,488],{"class":94},[69,32626,91],{"class":83},[69,32628,32540],{"class":87},[69,32630,91],{"class":83},[69,32632,3161],{"class":94},[69,32634,12754],{"class":336},[69,32636,488],{"class":94},[69,32638,3727],{"class":83},[69,32640,32641,32643,32645,32647,32649,32651,32653,32655,32657,32659,32661],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,32642,3739],{"class":83},[69,32644,488],{"class":94},[69,32646,24466],{"class":336},[69,32648,488],{"class":94},[69,32650,91],{"class":83},[69,32652,32540],{"class":87},[69,32654,91],{"class":83},[69,32656,3161],{"class":94},[69,32658,12754],{"class":336},[69,32660,488],{"class":94},[69,32662,103],{"class":83},[14,32664,11325],{},[30,32666,32667,32673,32679,32687],{},[33,32668,32669,32672],{},[17,32670,32671],{},"car"," is a dictionary",[33,32674,32675,32678],{},[17,32676,32677],{},"car.values()"," gets all values",[33,32680,32681,32684,32685,24269],{},[17,32682,32683],{},"print(result)"," shows the ",[17,32686,16685],{},[33,32688,32689,32692],{},[17,32690,32691],{},"print(list(result))"," shows the same values as a list",[141,32694,32696],{"id":32695},"looping-through-dictionary-values","Looping through dictionary values",[14,32698,32699,32700,25717],{},"You can loop through dictionary values with a ",[17,32701,774],{},[60,32703,32705],{"className":62,"code":32704,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"english\": 85, \"science\": 88}\n\nfor value in scores.values():\n    print(value)\n",[17,32706,32707,32751,32755,32771],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,32708,32709,32711,32713,32715,32717,32719,32721,32723,32725,32727,32729,32731,32733,32735,32737,32739,32741,32743,32745,32747,32749],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,32710,4891],{"class":75},[69,32712,80],{"class":79},[69,32714,10128],{"class":83},[69,32716,333],{"class":94},[69,32718,18066],{"class":336},[69,32720,333],{"class":94},[69,32722,1044],{"class":83},[69,32724,19548],{"class":87},[69,32726,91],{"class":83},[69,32728,964],{"class":94},[69,32730,30808],{"class":336},[69,32732,333],{"class":94},[69,32734,1044],{"class":83},[69,32736,13152],{"class":87},[69,32738,91],{"class":83},[69,32740,964],{"class":94},[69,32742,18075],{"class":336},[69,32744,333],{"class":94},[69,32746,1044],{"class":83},[69,32748,28574],{"class":87},[69,32750,8945],{"class":83},[69,32752,32753],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,32754,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,32756,32757,32759,32761,32763,32765,32767,32769],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,32758,774],{"class":773},[69,32760,21235],{"class":75},[69,32762,780],{"class":773},[69,32764,4938],{"class":75},[69,32766,25],{"class":83},[69,32768,122],{"class":121},[69,32770,21246],{"class":83},[69,32772,32773,32775,32777,32779],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,32774,7700],{"class":109},[69,32776,113],{"class":83},[69,32778,2339],{"class":121},[69,32780,221],{"class":83},[14,32782,643],{},[60,32784,32786],{"className":62,"code":32785,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"90\n85\n88\n",[17,32787,32788,32793,32798],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,32789,32790],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,32791,32792],{"class":87},"90\n",[69,32794,32795],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,32796,32797],{"class":87},"85\n",[69,32799,32800],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,32801,32802],{"class":87},"88\n",[14,32804,17359],{},[30,32806,32807,32810,32813],{},[33,32808,32809],{},"You only need the values",[33,32811,32812],{},"You do not care about the keys",[33,32814,32815],{},"You want simpler code",[14,32817,32818,32819,54,32823,25],{},"If you want to loop through keys and values together, see ",[192,32820,10375,32821,10379],{"href":16723},[17,32822,16726],{},[192,32824,22126],{"href":32825},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F",[141,32827,32829],{"id":32828},"converting-values-to-a-list","Converting values to a list",[14,32831,132,32832,32834],{},[17,32833,32397],{}," when you need a list.",[60,32836,32838],{"className":62,"code":32837,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"fruit_prices = {\"apple\": 2, \"banana\": 1, \"orange\": 3}\n\nprice_list = list(fruit_prices.values())\n\nprint(price_list)\nprint(price_list[0])\n",[17,32839,32840,32886,32890,32910,32914,32925],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,32841,32842,32845,32847,32849,32851,32853,32855,32857,32859,32861,32863,32865,32867,32869,32871,32873,32875,32878,32880,32882,32884],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,32843,32844],{"class":75},"fruit_prices ",[69,32846,80],{"class":79},[69,32848,10128],{"class":83},[69,32850,333],{"class":94},[69,32852,952],{"class":336},[69,32854,333],{"class":94},[69,32856,1044],{"class":83},[69,32858,316],{"class":87},[69,32860,91],{"class":83},[69,32862,964],{"class":94},[69,32864,967],{"class":336},[69,32866,333],{"class":94},[69,32868,1044],{"class":83},[69,32870,272],{"class":87},[69,32872,91],{"class":83},[69,32874,964],{"class":94},[69,32876,32877],{"class":336},"orange",[69,32879,333],{"class":94},[69,32881,1044],{"class":83},[69,32883,516],{"class":87},[69,32885,8945],{"class":83},[69,32887,32888],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,32889,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,32891,32892,32895,32897,32899,32901,32904,32906,32908],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,32893,32894],{"class":75},"price_list ",[69,32896,80],{"class":79},[69,32898,22211],{"class":1126},[69,32900,113],{"class":83},[69,32902,32903],{"class":121},"fruit_prices",[69,32905,25],{"class":83},[69,32907,122],{"class":121},[69,32909,6822],{"class":83},[69,32911,32912],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,32913,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,32915,32916,32918,32920,32923],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,32917,110],{"class":109},[69,32919,113],{"class":83},[69,32921,32922],{"class":121},"price_list",[69,32924,221],{"class":83},[69,32926,32927,32929,32931,32933,32935,32937],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,32928,110],{"class":109},[69,32930,113],{"class":83},[69,32932,32922],{"class":121},[69,32934,3739],{"class":83},[69,32936,88],{"class":87},[69,32938,3727],{"class":83},[14,32940,643],{},[60,32942,32944],{"className":62,"code":32943,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[2, 1, 3]\n2\n",[17,32945,32946,32962],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,32947,32948,32950,32952,32954,32956,32958,32960],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,32949,3739],{"class":83},[69,32951,821],{"class":87},[69,32953,91],{"class":83},[69,32955,272],{"class":87},[69,32957,91],{"class":83},[69,32959,516],{"class":87},[69,32961,103],{"class":83},[69,32963,32964],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,32965,16704],{"class":87},[14,32967,32968],{},"This is helpful for:",[30,32970,32971,32974,32977],{},[33,32972,32973],{},"Displaying the values as a normal list",[33,32975,32976],{},"Accessing values by index",[33,32978,32979],{},"Passing the values to code that expects a list",[14,32981,3762,32982,32984],{},[17,32983,16685],{}," is not the same as a list.",[141,32986,32988,10223,32990,10223,32992],{"id":32987},"values-vs-keys-vs-items",[17,32989,16719],{},[17,32991,16713],{},[17,32993,16726],{},[14,32995,32996],{},"These three dictionary methods are related, but they return different things:",[30,32998,32999,33004,33009],{},[33,33000,33001,33003],{},[17,33002,16719],{}," returns only the values",[33,33005,33006,33008],{},[17,33007,16713],{}," returns only the keys",[33,33010,33011,33013],{},[17,33012,16726],{}," returns key-value pairs",[14,33015,1992],{},[60,33017,33019],{"className":62,"code":33018,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.keys())\nprint(student.values())\nprint(student.items())\n",[17,33020,33021,33057,33061,33075,33089],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,33022,33023,33025,33027,33029,33031,33033,33035,33037,33039,33041,33043,33045,33047,33049,33051,33053,33055],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,33024,12507],{"class":75},[69,33026,80],{"class":79},[69,33028,10128],{"class":83},[69,33030,333],{"class":94},[69,33032,7297],{"class":336},[69,33034,333],{"class":94},[69,33036,1044],{"class":83},[69,33038,964],{"class":94},[69,33040,12524],{"class":336},[69,33042,333],{"class":94},[69,33044,91],{"class":83},[69,33046,964],{"class":94},[69,33048,8935],{"class":336},[69,33050,333],{"class":94},[69,33052,1044],{"class":83},[69,33054,7420],{"class":87},[69,33056,8945],{"class":83},[69,33058,33059],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,33060,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,33062,33063,33065,33067,33069,33071,33073],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,33064,110],{"class":109},[69,33066,113],{"class":83},[69,33068,13271],{"class":121},[69,33070,25],{"class":83},[69,33072,16571],{"class":121},[69,33074,6822],{"class":83},[69,33076,33077,33079,33081,33083,33085,33087],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,33078,110],{"class":109},[69,33080,113],{"class":83},[69,33082,13271],{"class":121},[69,33084,25],{"class":83},[69,33086,122],{"class":121},[69,33088,6822],{"class":83},[69,33090,33091,33093,33095,33097,33099,33101],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,33092,110],{"class":109},[69,33094,113],{"class":83},[69,33096,13271],{"class":121},[69,33098,25],{"class":83},[69,33100,7440],{"class":121},[69,33102,6822],{"class":83},[14,33104,643],{},[60,33106,33108],{"className":62,"code":33107,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\ndict_items([('name', 20)])\n",[17,33109,33110,33132,33150],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,33111,33112,33114,33116,33118,33120,33122,33124,33126,33128,33130],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,33113,16662],{"class":121},[69,33115,260],{"class":83},[69,33117,488],{"class":94},[69,33119,7297],{"class":336},[69,33121,488],{"class":94},[69,33123,91],{"class":83},[69,33125,3161],{"class":94},[69,33127,8935],{"class":336},[69,33129,488],{"class":94},[69,33131,3727],{"class":83},[69,33133,33134,33136,33138,33140,33142,33144,33146,33148],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,33135,16685],{"class":121},[69,33137,260],{"class":83},[69,33139,488],{"class":94},[69,33141,12524],{"class":336},[69,33143,488],{"class":94},[69,33145,91],{"class":83},[69,33147,7420],{"class":87},[69,33149,3727],{"class":83},[69,33151,33152,33154,33156,33158,33160,33162,33164,33166],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,33153,21559],{"class":121},[69,33155,9294],{"class":83},[69,33157,488],{"class":94},[69,33159,7297],{"class":336},[69,33161,488],{"class":94},[69,33163,91],{"class":83},[69,33165,7420],{"class":87},[69,33167,10317],{"class":83},[14,33169,18344],{},[30,33171,33172,33179,33186],{},[33,33173,33174,33178],{},[192,33175,33176],{"href":16710},[17,33177,16713],{}," when you need just the keys",[33,33180,33181,33185],{},[192,33182,33183],{"href":16716},[17,33184,16719],{}," when you need just the values",[33,33187,33188,33192],{},[192,33189,33190],{"href":16723},[17,33191,16726],{}," when you need both",[141,33194,1362],{"id":1361},[14,33196,33197,33198,25],{},"Here are some common problems with ",[17,33199,16719],{},[1369,33201,29304,33203,33205],{"id":33202},"calling-values-on-the-wrong-type",[17,33204,16719],{}," on the wrong type",[14,33207,33208,33210],{},[17,33209,16719],{}," works on dictionaries only.",[14,33212,16291],{},[60,33214,33216],{"className":62,"code":33215,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(my_list.values())\n",[17,33217,33218,33238],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,33219,33220,33222,33224,33226,33228,33230,33232,33234,33236],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,33221,7940],{"class":75},[69,33223,80],{"class":79},[69,33225,84],{"class":83},[69,33227,473],{"class":87},[69,33229,91],{"class":83},[69,33231,316],{"class":87},[69,33233,91],{"class":83},[69,33235,516],{"class":87},[69,33237,103],{"class":83},[69,33239,33240,33242,33244,33246,33248,33250],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,33241,110],{"class":109},[69,33243,113],{"class":83},[69,33245,7971],{"class":121},[69,33247,25],{"class":83},[69,33249,122],{"class":121},[69,33251,6822],{"class":83},[14,33253,33254,33255,33257],{},"This causes an error because lists do not have a ",[17,33256,16719],{}," method.",[14,33259,33260],{},"To debug this, check the type:",[60,33262,33264],{"className":62,"code":33263,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(type(my_list))\n",[17,33265,33266],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,33267,33268,33270,33272,33274,33276,33278],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,33269,110],{"class":109},[69,33271,113],{"class":83},[69,33273,3087],{"class":1126},[69,33275,113],{"class":83},[69,33277,7971],{"class":121},[69,33279,342],{"class":83},[14,33281,33282,33283,33285,33286,25],{},"If you get an ",[17,33284,25324],{},", see ",[192,33287,25332,33288,33290],{"href":25331},[17,33289,25335],{}," errors",[1369,33292,4406,33294,33296],{"id":33293},"assuming-values-returns-a-list",[17,33295,16719],{}," returns a list",[14,33298,33299],{},"Beginners often expect this:",[60,33301,33303],{"className":62,"code":33302,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(type(values))\n",[17,33304,33305,33341,33355,33359],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,33306,33307,33309,33311,33313,33315,33317,33319,33321,33323,33325,33327,33329,33331,33333,33335,33337,33339],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,33308,12507],{"class":75},[69,33310,80],{"class":79},[69,33312,10128],{"class":83},[69,33314,333],{"class":94},[69,33316,7297],{"class":336},[69,33318,333],{"class":94},[69,33320,1044],{"class":83},[69,33322,964],{"class":94},[69,33324,12524],{"class":336},[69,33326,333],{"class":94},[69,33328,91],{"class":83},[69,33330,964],{"class":94},[69,33332,8935],{"class":336},[69,33334,333],{"class":94},[69,33336,1044],{"class":83},[69,33338,7420],{"class":87},[69,33340,8945],{"class":83},[69,33342,33343,33345,33347,33349,33351,33353],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,33344,76],{"class":75},[69,33346,80],{"class":79},[69,33348,12550],{"class":75},[69,33350,25],{"class":83},[69,33352,122],{"class":121},[69,33354,8277],{"class":83},[69,33356,33357],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,33358,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,33360,33361,33363,33365,33367,33369,33371],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,33362,110],{"class":109},[69,33364,113],{"class":83},[69,33366,3087],{"class":1126},[69,33368,113],{"class":83},[69,33370,122],{"class":121},[69,33372,342],{"class":83},[14,33374,643],{},[60,33376,33378],{"className":62,"code":33377,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"\u003Cclass 'dict_values'>\n",[17,33379,33380],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,33381,33382,33384,33386,33388,33390,33392],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,33383,852],{"class":79},[69,33385,3158],{"class":1932},[69,33387,3161],{"class":94},[69,33389,16685],{"class":336},[69,33391,488],{"class":94},[69,33393,3168],{"class":79},[14,33395,1658,33396,33398],{},[17,33397,16685],{},", not a list.",[14,33400,33401],{},"If you need a list:",[60,33403,33405],{"className":62,"code":33404,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"values = list(student.values())\n",[17,33406,33407],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,33408,33409,33411,33413,33415,33417,33419,33421,33423],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,33410,76],{"class":75},[69,33412,80],{"class":79},[69,33414,22211],{"class":1126},[69,33416,113],{"class":83},[69,33418,13271],{"class":121},[69,33420,25],{"class":83},[69,33422,122],{"class":121},[69,33424,6822],{"class":83},[1369,33426,33428,33429],{"id":33427},"trying-to-use-an-index-directly-on-dict_values","Trying to use an index directly on ",[17,33430,16685],{},[14,33432,33433],{},"This may not work the way you expect:",[60,33435,33437],{"className":62,"code":33436,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\n# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[17,33438,33439,33475,33489,33493],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,33440,33441,33443,33445,33447,33449,33451,33453,33455,33457,33459,33461,33463,33465,33467,33469,33471,33473],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,33442,12507],{"class":75},[69,33444,80],{"class":79},[69,33446,10128],{"class":83},[69,33448,333],{"class":94},[69,33450,7297],{"class":336},[69,33452,333],{"class":94},[69,33454,1044],{"class":83},[69,33456,964],{"class":94},[69,33458,12524],{"class":336},[69,33460,333],{"class":94},[69,33462,91],{"class":83},[69,33464,964],{"class":94},[69,33466,8935],{"class":336},[69,33468,333],{"class":94},[69,33470,1044],{"class":83},[69,33472,7420],{"class":87},[69,33474,8945],{"class":83},[69,33476,33477,33479,33481,33483,33485,33487],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,33478,76],{"class":75},[69,33480,80],{"class":79},[69,33482,12550],{"class":75},[69,33484,25],{"class":83},[69,33486,122],{"class":121},[69,33488,8277],{"class":83},[69,33490,33491],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,33492,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,33494,33495],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,33496,33497],{"class":128},"# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[14,33499,33500],{},"Convert to a list first:",[60,33502,33504],{"className":62,"code":33503,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = list(student.values())\n\nprint(values[0])\n",[17,33505,33506,33542,33560,33564],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,33507,33508,33510,33512,33514,33516,33518,33520,33522,33524,33526,33528,33530,33532,33534,33536,33538,33540],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,33509,12507],{"class":75},[69,33511,80],{"class":79},[69,33513,10128],{"class":83},[69,33515,333],{"class":94},[69,33517,7297],{"class":336},[69,33519,333],{"class":94},[69,33521,1044],{"class":83},[69,33523,964],{"class":94},[69,33525,12524],{"class":336},[69,33527,333],{"class":94},[69,33529,91],{"class":83},[69,33531,964],{"class":94},[69,33533,8935],{"class":336},[69,33535,333],{"class":94},[69,33537,1044],{"class":83},[69,33539,7420],{"class":87},[69,33541,8945],{"class":83},[69,33543,33544,33546,33548,33550,33552,33554,33556,33558],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,33545,76],{"class":75},[69,33547,80],{"class":79},[69,33549,22211],{"class":1126},[69,33551,113],{"class":83},[69,33553,13271],{"class":121},[69,33555,25],{"class":83},[69,33557,122],{"class":121},[69,33559,6822],{"class":83},[69,33561,33562],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,33563,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,33565,33566,33568,33570,33572,33574,33576],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,33567,110],{"class":109},[69,33569,113],{"class":83},[69,33571,122],{"class":121},[69,33573,3739],{"class":83},[69,33575,88],{"class":87},[69,33577,3727],{"class":83},[1369,33579,8050,33581,10731,33583],{"id":33580},"using-values-instead-of-values",[17,33582,122],{},[17,33584,16719],{},[14,33586,33587],{},"This is also a common mistake:",[60,33589,33591],{"className":62,"code":33590,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.values)\n",[17,33592,33593,33629,33633],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,33594,33595,33597,33599,33601,33603,33605,33607,33609,33611,33613,33615,33617,33619,33621,33623,33625,33627],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,33596,12507],{"class":75},[69,33598,80],{"class":79},[69,33600,10128],{"class":83},[69,33602,333],{"class":94},[69,33604,7297],{"class":336},[69,33606,333],{"class":94},[69,33608,1044],{"class":83},[69,33610,964],{"class":94},[69,33612,12524],{"class":336},[69,33614,333],{"class":94},[69,33616,91],{"class":83},[69,33618,964],{"class":94},[69,33620,8935],{"class":336},[69,33622,333],{"class":94},[69,33624,1044],{"class":83},[69,33626,7420],{"class":87},[69,33628,8945],{"class":83},[69,33630,33631],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,33632,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,33634,33635,33637,33639,33641,33643,33645],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,33636,110],{"class":109},[69,33638,113],{"class":83},[69,33640,13271],{"class":121},[69,33642,25],{"class":83},[69,33644,122],{"class":24402},[69,33646,221],{"class":83},[14,33648,33649,33652],{},[17,33650,33651],{},"student.values"," refers to the method itself, not the result.",[14,33654,18344],{},[60,33656,33658],{"className":62,"code":33657,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(student.values())\n",[17,33659,33660],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,33661,33662,33664,33666,33668,33670,33672],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,33663,110],{"class":109},[69,33665,113],{"class":83},[69,33667,13271],{"class":121},[69,33669,25],{"class":83},[69,33671,122],{"class":121},[69,33673,6822],{"class":83},[1369,33675,33677],{"id":33676},"using-parentheses-incorrectly-on-the-dictionary-variable","Using parentheses incorrectly on the dictionary variable",[14,33679,33680],{},"Make sure the method is called on the dictionary:",[60,33682,33684],{"className":62,"code":33683,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(data.values())\n",[17,33685,33686,33718],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,33687,33688,33690,33692,33694,33696,33698,33700,33702,33704,33706,33708,33710,33712,33714,33716],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,33689,8801],{"class":75},[69,33691,80],{"class":79},[69,33693,10128],{"class":83},[69,33695,333],{"class":94},[69,33697,192],{"class":336},[69,33699,333],{"class":94},[69,33701,1044],{"class":83},[69,33703,272],{"class":87},[69,33705,91],{"class":83},[69,33707,964],{"class":94},[69,33709,4587],{"class":336},[69,33711,333],{"class":94},[69,33713,1044],{"class":83},[69,33715,316],{"class":87},[69,33717,8945],{"class":83},[69,33719,33720,33722,33724,33726,33728,33730],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,33721,110],{"class":109},[69,33723,113],{"class":83},[69,33725,8840],{"class":121},[69,33727,25],{"class":83},[69,33729,122],{"class":121},[69,33731,6822],{"class":83},[14,33733,33734],{},"Not like this:",[60,33736,33738],{"className":62,"code":33737,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"# Wrong examples:\n# data().values()\n# values(data)\n",[17,33739,33740,33745,33750],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,33741,33742],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,33743,33744],{"class":128},"# Wrong examples:\n",[69,33746,33747],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,33748,33749],{"class":128},"# data().values()\n",[69,33751,33752],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,33753,33754],{"class":128},"# values(data)\n",[14,33756,3205],{},[60,33758,33760],{"className":62,"code":33759,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(list(my_dict.values()))\n",[17,33761,33762,33776,33786,33800],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,33763,33764,33766,33768,33770,33772,33774],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,33765,110],{"class":109},[69,33767,113],{"class":83},[69,33769,3087],{"class":1126},[69,33771,113],{"class":83},[69,33773,11090],{"class":121},[69,33775,342],{"class":83},[69,33777,33778,33780,33782,33784],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,33779,110],{"class":109},[69,33781,113],{"class":83},[69,33783,11090],{"class":121},[69,33785,221],{"class":83},[69,33787,33788,33790,33792,33794,33796,33798],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,33789,110],{"class":109},[69,33791,113],{"class":83},[69,33793,11090],{"class":121},[69,33795,25],{"class":83},[69,33797,122],{"class":121},[69,33799,6822],{"class":83},[69,33801,33802,33804,33806,33808,33810,33812,33814,33816],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,33803,110],{"class":109},[69,33805,113],{"class":83},[69,33807,7725],{"class":1126},[69,33809,113],{"class":83},[69,33811,11090],{"class":121},[69,33813,25],{"class":83},[69,33815,122],{"class":121},[69,33817,1130],{"class":83},[141,33819,1651],{"id":1650},[1369,33821,4969,33823,4972],{"id":33822},"what-does-dictvalues-return-in-python",[17,33824,31976],{},[14,33826,17070,33827,33829],{},[17,33828,16685],{}," view object containing the dictionary's values.",[1369,33831,12347,33833,23583],{"id":33832},"does-values-return-a-list",[17,33834,16719],{},[14,33836,23586,33837,23590],{},[17,33838,33839],{},"list(...)",[1369,33841,25709,33843,2359],{"id":33842},"can-i-loop-through-dictvalues",[17,33844,31976],{},[14,33846,33847,33848,25717],{},"Yes. It is iterable, so you can use it in a ",[17,33849,774],{},[1369,33851,12347,33853,33855],{"id":33852},"does-dictvalues-change-if-the-dictionary-changes",[17,33854,31976],{}," change if the dictionary changes?",[14,33857,33858],{},"Yes. The returned view reflects updates to the dictionary.",[1369,33860,33862,33863,33865,33866,2359],{"id":33861},"how-is-values-different-from-items","How is ",[17,33864,16719],{}," different from ",[17,33867,16726],{},[14,33869,33870,33872,33873,33875],{},[17,33871,16719],{}," returns only values. ",[17,33874,16726],{}," returns key-value pairs.",[141,33877,1771],{"id":1770},[30,33879,33880,33886,33892,33896,33902,33906],{},[33,33881,33882],{},[192,33883,10375,33884,10379],{"href":16710},[17,33885,16713],{},[33,33887,33888],{},[192,33889,10375,33890,10379],{"href":16723},[17,33891,16726],{},[33,33893,33894],{},[192,33895,10882],{"href":9027},[33,33897,33898],{},[192,33899,33901],{"href":33900},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-values-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all values from a dictionary in Python",[33,33903,33904],{},[192,33905,23668],{"href":32825},[33,33907,33908],{},[192,33909,30002,33910],{"href":25331},[17,33911,33912],{},"AttributeError: object has no attribute",[1802,33914,33915],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":33917},[33918,33919,33921,33922,33924,33925,33926,33927,33929,33940,33952],{"id":1869,"depth":106,"text":1870},{"id":32146,"depth":106,"text":33920},"What values() does",{"id":2023,"depth":106,"text":2024},{"id":32216,"depth":106,"text":33923},"What values() returns",{"id":11115,"depth":106,"text":11116},{"id":32695,"depth":106,"text":32696},{"id":32828,"depth":106,"text":32829},{"id":32987,"depth":106,"text":33928},"values() vs keys() vs items()",{"id":1361,"depth":106,"text":1362,"children":33930},[33931,33933,33935,33937,33939],{"id":33202,"depth":300,"text":33932},"Calling values() on the wrong type",{"id":33293,"depth":300,"text":33934},"Assuming values() returns a list",{"id":33427,"depth":300,"text":33936},"Trying to use an index directly on dict_values",{"id":33580,"depth":300,"text":33938},"Using values instead of values()",{"id":33676,"depth":300,"text":33677},{"id":1650,"depth":106,"text":1651,"children":33941},[33942,33944,33946,33948,33950],{"id":33822,"depth":300,"text":33943},"What does dict.values() return in Python?",{"id":33832,"depth":300,"text":33945},"Does values() return a list?",{"id":33842,"depth":300,"text":33947},"Can I loop through dict.values()?",{"id":33852,"depth":300,"text":33949},"Does dict.values() change if the dictionary changes?",{"id":33861,"depth":300,"text":33951},"How is values() different from items()?",{"id":1770,"depth":106,"text":1771},"Master python dictionary values method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":31963,"description":33953},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method","C7FI1a366YPc1nISHwbHD3SBOEKiby2QGVuyezuVqKU",{"id":33959,"title":33960,"body":33961,"description":35392,"extension":1828,"meta":35393,"navigation":833,"path":35394,"seo":35395,"stem":35396,"__hash__":35397},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained.md","Python dir() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":33962,"toc":35344},[33963,33969,33974,33977,33993,34002,34004,34036,34042,34045,34140,34143,34148,34153,34156,34167,34169,34183,34189,34191,34196,34202,34205,34244,34252,34257,34260,34305,34308,34320,34326,34332,34336,34369,34372,34390,34393,34397,34436,34438,34458,34461,34473,34478,34484,34487,34542,34545,34556,34559,34570,34573,34577,34583,34585,34615,34618,34633,34636,34639,34658,34661,34677,34686,34688,34719,34725,34730,34733,34740,34771,34774,34796,34799,34802,34816,34820,34851,34866,34873,34880,34884,34892,34896,34904,34907,34956,34967,34969,34972,34978,34983,34993,34997,35000,35003,35007,35010,35012,35033,35037,35043,35054,35060,35062,35068,35092,35095,35158,35161,35189,35192,35254,35256,35261,35264,35271,35279,35286,35289,35297,35303,35305,35332,35341],[10,33964,3441,33966,3444],{"id":33965},"python-dir-function-explained",[17,33967,33968],{},"dir()",[14,33970,31973,33971,33973],{},[17,33972,33968],{}," function is a simple inspection tool. It helps you see what names are available on an object, module, or in the current scope.",[14,33975,33976],{},"This is especially useful when you are:",[30,33978,33979,33982,33985,33990],{},[33,33980,33981],{},"learning Python",[33,33983,33984],{},"exploring a new object",[33,33986,33987,33988],{},"debugging an ",[17,33989,25324],{},[33,33991,33992],{},"checking what methods exist on a value",[14,33994,33995,33996,33998,33999],{},"In short, ",[17,33997,33968],{}," helps you answer the question: ",[22,34000,34001],{},"“What can I use here?”",[141,34003,1870],{"id":1869},[60,34005,34007],{"className":62,"code":34006,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"name = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(name))\n",[17,34008,34009,34021],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,34010,34011,34013,34015,34017,34019],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,34012,7507],{"class":75},[69,34014,80],{"class":79},[69,34016,964],{"class":94},[69,34018,337],{"class":336},[69,34020,3224],{"class":94},[69,34022,34023,34025,34027,34030,34032,34034],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,34024,110],{"class":109},[69,34026,113],{"class":83},[69,34028,34029],{"class":109},"dir",[69,34031,113],{"class":83},[69,34033,7297],{"class":121},[69,34035,342],{"class":83},[14,34037,132,34038,34041],{},[17,34039,34040],{},"dir(object)"," to see the attributes and methods available on that object.",[14,34043,34044],{},"Example output will include names such as:",[60,34046,34048],{"className":62,"code":34047,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', ..., 'lower', 'split', 'upper']\n",[17,34049,34050],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,34051,34052,34054,34056,34059,34061,34063,34065,34068,34070,34072,34074,34077,34079,34081,34083,34086,34088,34090,34092,34095,34097,34099,34101,34104,34106,34108,34112,34114,34116,34118,34120,34122,34124,34127,34129,34131,34133,34136,34138],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,34053,3739],{"class":83},[69,34055,488],{"class":94},[69,34057,34058],{"class":336},"__add__",[69,34060,488],{"class":94},[69,34062,91],{"class":83},[69,34064,3161],{"class":94},[69,34066,34067],{"class":336},"__class__",[69,34069,488],{"class":94},[69,34071,91],{"class":83},[69,34073,3161],{"class":94},[69,34075,34076],{"class":336},"__contains__",[69,34078,488],{"class":94},[69,34080,91],{"class":83},[69,34082,3161],{"class":94},[69,34084,34085],{"class":336},"__delattr__",[69,34087,488],{"class":94},[69,34089,91],{"class":83},[69,34091,3161],{"class":94},[69,34093,34094],{"class":336},"__dir__",[69,34096,488],{"class":94},[69,34098,91],{"class":83},[69,34100,3161],{"class":94},[69,34102,34103],{"class":336},"__doc__",[69,34105,488],{"class":94},[69,34107,91],{"class":83},[69,34109,34111],{"class":34110},"s_hVV"," ...",[69,34113,91],{"class":83},[69,34115,3161],{"class":94},[69,34117,8274],{"class":336},[69,34119,488],{"class":94},[69,34121,91],{"class":83},[69,34123,3161],{"class":94},[69,34125,34126],{"class":336},"split",[69,34128,488],{"class":94},[69,34130,91],{"class":83},[69,34132,3161],{"class":94},[69,34134,34135],{"class":336},"upper",[69,34137,488],{"class":94},[69,34139,103],{"class":83},[14,34141,34142],{},"Notice that the result is a list of strings.",[141,34144,3540,34146,3543],{"id":34145},"what-dir-does",[17,34147,33968],{},[14,34149,34150,34152],{},[17,34151,33968],{}," shows the names available on an object.",[14,34154,34155],{},"It usually includes:",[30,34157,34158,34161,34164],{},[33,34159,34160],{},"attributes",[33,34162,34163],{},"methods",[33,34165,34166],{},"special Python names",[14,34168,11099],{},[30,34170,34171,34177,34180],{},[33,34172,34173,34174],{},"The result is a ",[22,34175,34176],{},"list of strings",[33,34178,34179],{},"Each string is the name of something available on that object",[33,34181,34182],{},"It is often used for exploration and debugging",[14,34184,34185,34186,34188],{},"For example, if you want to know what you can do with a string, ",[17,34187,33968],{}," gives you a list of available names.",[141,34190,2024],{"id":2023},[14,34192,34193,34195],{},[17,34194,33968],{}," can be used in two main ways.",[1369,34197,34199,34201],{"id":34198},"dir-with-no-argument",[17,34200,33968],{}," with no argument",[14,34203,34204],{},"This shows names in the current scope.",[60,34206,34208],{"className":62,"code":34207,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"x = 10\nname = \"Sam\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[17,34209,34210,34218,34230,34234],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,34211,34212,34214,34216],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,34213,849],{"class":75},[69,34215,80],{"class":79},[69,34217,2454],{"class":87},[69,34219,34220,34222,34224,34226,34228],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,34221,7507],{"class":75},[69,34223,80],{"class":79},[69,34225,964],{"class":94},[69,34227,7306],{"class":336},[69,34229,3224],{"class":94},[69,34231,34232],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,34233,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,34235,34236,34238,34240,34242],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,34237,110],{"class":109},[69,34239,113],{"class":83},[69,34241,34029],{"class":109},[69,34243,6822],{"class":83},[14,34245,34246,34247,587,34249,34251],{},"This will show names such as ",[17,34248,2041],{},[17,34250,7297],{},", along with other names available in that scope.",[1369,34253,34255],{"id":34254},"dirobject",[17,34256,34040],{},[14,34258,34259],{},"This shows names related to a specific object.",[60,34261,34263],{"className":62,"code":34262,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(dir(\"hello\"))\nprint(dir([1, 2, 3]))\n",[17,34264,34265,34283],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,34266,34267,34269,34271,34273,34275,34277,34279,34281],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,34268,110],{"class":109},[69,34270,113],{"class":83},[69,34272,34029],{"class":109},[69,34274,113],{"class":83},[69,34276,333],{"class":94},[69,34278,337],{"class":336},[69,34280,333],{"class":94},[69,34282,342],{"class":83},[69,34284,34285,34287,34289,34291,34293,34295,34297,34299,34301,34303],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,34286,110],{"class":109},[69,34288,113],{"class":83},[69,34290,34029],{"class":109},[69,34292,260],{"class":83},[69,34294,473],{"class":87},[69,34296,91],{"class":83},[69,34298,316],{"class":87},[69,34300,91],{"class":83},[69,34302,516],{"class":87},[69,34304,275],{"class":83},[14,34306,34307],{},"Common objects you might inspect:",[30,34309,34310,34312,34314,34317],{},[33,34311,44],{},[33,34313,35],{},[33,34315,34316],{},"modules",[33,34318,34319],{},"custom objects",[141,34321,8050,34323,34325],{"id":34322},"using-dir-with-a-value",[17,34324,33968],{}," with a value",[14,34327,34328,34329,34331],{},"A common use of ",[17,34330,33968],{}," is passing in a value to see what methods it has.",[1369,34333,34335],{"id":34334},"example-string-methods","Example: string methods",[60,34337,34339],{"className":62,"code":34338,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(text))\n",[17,34340,34341,34354],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,34342,34343,34346,34348,34350,34352],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,34344,34345],{"class":75},"text ",[69,34347,80],{"class":79},[69,34349,964],{"class":94},[69,34351,337],{"class":336},[69,34353,3224],{"class":94},[69,34355,34356,34358,34360,34362,34364,34367],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,34357,110],{"class":109},[69,34359,113],{"class":83},[69,34361,34029],{"class":109},[69,34363,113],{"class":83},[69,34365,34366],{"class":121},"text",[69,34368,342],{"class":83},[14,34370,34371],{},"You will see method names like:",[30,34373,34374,34378,34382,34386],{},[33,34375,34376],{},[17,34377,8274],{},[33,34379,34380],{},[17,34381,34135],{},[33,34383,34384],{},[17,34385,34126],{},[33,34387,34388],{},[17,34389,8268],{},[14,34391,34392],{},"This tells you what operations are available for strings.",[1369,34394,34396],{"id":34395},"example-list-methods","Example: list methods",[60,34398,34400],{"className":62,"code":34399,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(dir(numbers))\n",[17,34401,34402,34422],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,34403,34404,34406,34408,34410,34412,34414,34416,34418,34420],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,34405,801],{"class":75},[69,34407,80],{"class":79},[69,34409,84],{"class":83},[69,34411,473],{"class":87},[69,34413,91],{"class":83},[69,34415,316],{"class":87},[69,34417,91],{"class":83},[69,34419,516],{"class":87},[69,34421,103],{"class":83},[69,34423,34424,34426,34428,34430,34432,34434],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,34425,110],{"class":109},[69,34427,113],{"class":83},[69,34429,34029],{"class":109},[69,34431,113],{"class":83},[69,34433,3512],{"class":121},[69,34435,342],{"class":83},[14,34437,34371],{},[30,34439,34440,34444,34448,34453],{},[33,34441,34442],{},[17,34443,13198],{},[33,34445,34446],{},[17,34447,25894],{},[33,34449,34450],{},[17,34451,34452],{},"remove",[33,34454,34455],{},[17,34456,34457],{},"sort",[14,34459,34460],{},"This is a good way to discover what you can do with a list.",[14,34462,34463,34464,34469,34470,34472],{},"If you are not sure what kind of object you have, ",[192,34465,34467],{"href":34466},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained",[17,34468,2168],{}," can help first. Then ",[17,34471,33968],{}," can show what names are available on that object.",[141,34474,8050,34476,34201],{"id":34475},"using-dir-with-no-argument",[17,34477,33968],{},[14,34479,34480,34481,34483],{},"When used with no argument, ",[17,34482,33968],{}," shows names currently defined in your local scope.",[14,34485,34486],{},"This is useful when working in the Python shell.",[60,34488,34490],{"className":62,"code":34489,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"x = 5\n\ndef greet():\n    return \"Hello\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[17,34491,34492,34501,34505,34516,34528,34532],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,34493,34494,34496,34498],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,34495,849],{"class":75},[69,34497,80],{"class":79},[69,34499,34500],{"class":87}," 5\n",[69,34502,34503],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,34504,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,34506,34507,34510,34514],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,34508,34509],{"class":1932},"def",[69,34511,34513],{"class":34512},"sGLFI"," greet",[69,34515,21246],{"class":83},[69,34517,34518,34521,34523,34526],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,34519,34520],{"class":773},"    return",[69,34522,964],{"class":94},[69,34524,34525],{"class":336},"Hello",[69,34527,3224],{"class":94},[69,34529,34530],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,34531,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,34533,34534,34536,34538,34540],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,34535,110],{"class":109},[69,34537,113],{"class":83},[69,34539,34029],{"class":109},[69,34541,6822],{"class":83},[14,34543,34544],{},"The output will include names like:",[30,34546,34547,34551],{},[33,34548,34549],{},[17,34550,2041],{},[33,34552,34553],{},[17,34554,34555],{},"greet",[14,34557,34558],{},"This is helpful for checking:",[30,34560,34561,34564,34567],{},[33,34562,34563],{},"what variables exist",[33,34565,34566],{},"what functions you have defined",[33,34568,34569],{},"what names are currently available",[14,34571,34572],{},"It is especially useful while experimenting in the interactive Python shell.",[141,34574,34576],{"id":34575},"how-to-read-the-output","How to read the output",[14,34578,34579,34580,34582],{},"When you first use ",[17,34581,33968],{},", the output can look overwhelming.",[14,34584,2076],{},[60,34586,34587],{"className":62,"code":34338,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,34588,34589,34601],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,34590,34591,34593,34595,34597,34599],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,34592,34345],{"class":75},[69,34594,80],{"class":79},[69,34596,964],{"class":94},[69,34598,337],{"class":336},[69,34600,3224],{"class":94},[69,34602,34603,34605,34607,34609,34611,34613],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,34604,110],{"class":109},[69,34606,113],{"class":83},[69,34608,34029],{"class":109},[69,34610,113],{"class":83},[69,34612,34366],{"class":121},[69,34614,342],{"class":83},[14,34616,34617],{},"You will probably see many names that start and end with double underscores, such as:",[30,34619,34620,34624,34628],{},[33,34621,34622],{},[17,34623,34067],{},[33,34625,34626],{},[17,34627,34103],{},[33,34629,34630],{},[17,34631,34632],{},"__len__",[14,34634,34635],{},"These are special Python names used by the language itself.",[14,34637,34638],{},"As a beginner, it is usually better to focus first on regular method names such as:",[30,34640,34641,34645,34649,34653],{},[33,34642,34643],{},[17,34644,34135],{},[33,34646,34647],{},[17,34648,8274],{},[33,34650,34651],{},[17,34652,34126],{},[33,34654,34655],{},[17,34656,34657],{},"replace",[14,34659,34660],{},"A key point to remember:",[30,34662,34663,34671],{},[33,34664,34665,34667,34668],{},[17,34666,33968],{}," lists ",[22,34669,34670],{},"names only",[33,34672,34673,34674,34676],{},"it does ",[22,34675,4457],{}," explain what each name does",[14,34678,34679,34680,25],{},"If you want an explanation of a method, use ",[192,34681,34683],{"href":34682},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained",[17,34684,34685],{},"help()",[14,34687,244],{},[60,34689,34691],{"className":62,"code":34690,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"name = \"hello\"\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[17,34692,34693,34705],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,34694,34695,34697,34699,34701,34703],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,34696,7507],{"class":75},[69,34698,80],{"class":79},[69,34700,964],{"class":94},[69,34702,337],{"class":336},[69,34704,3224],{"class":94},[69,34706,34707,34709,34711,34713,34715,34717],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,34708,31808],{"class":109},[69,34710,113],{"class":83},[69,34712,7297],{"class":121},[69,34714,25],{"class":83},[69,34716,34135],{"class":24402},[69,34718,221],{"class":83},[141,34720,34722,34724],{"id":34721},"dir-on-modules",[17,34723,33968],{}," on modules",[14,34726,15361,34727,34729],{},[17,34728,33968],{}," on modules after importing them.",[14,34731,34732],{},"This is useful when you want to explore what a module provides.",[1369,34734,34736,34737,34739],{"id":34735},"example-math-module","Example: ",[17,34738,18066],{}," module",[60,34741,34743],{"className":62,"code":34742,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"import math\n\nprint(dir(math))\n",[17,34744,34745,34753,34757],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,34746,34747,34750],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,34748,34749],{"class":773},"import",[69,34751,34752],{"class":75}," math\n",[69,34754,34755],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,34756,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,34758,34759,34761,34763,34765,34767,34769],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,34760,110],{"class":109},[69,34762,113],{"class":83},[69,34764,34029],{"class":109},[69,34766,113],{"class":83},[69,34768,18066],{"class":121},[69,34770,342],{"class":83},[14,34772,34773],{},"You may see names like:",[30,34775,34776,34781,34786,34791],{},[33,34777,34778],{},[17,34779,34780],{},"sqrt",[33,34782,34783],{},[17,34784,34785],{},"ceil",[33,34787,34788],{},[17,34789,34790],{},"floor",[33,34792,34793],{},[17,34794,34795],{},"pi",[14,34797,34798],{},"This helps you discover available functions and constants.",[14,34800,34801],{},"If you are exploring modules, these pages may help too:",[30,34803,34804,34810],{},[33,34805,34806],{},[192,34807,34809],{"href":34808},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-modules-explained","Python modules explained",[33,34811,34812],{},[192,34813,34815],{"href":34814},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview","Python math module overview",[1369,34817,34819],{"id":34818},"another-example","Another example",[60,34821,34823],{"className":62,"code":34822,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"import json\n\nprint(dir(json))\n",[17,34824,34825,34832,34836],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,34826,34827,34829],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,34828,34749],{"class":773},[69,34830,34831],{"class":75}," json\n",[69,34833,34834],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,34835,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,34837,34838,34840,34842,34844,34846,34849],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,34839,110],{"class":109},[69,34841,113],{"class":83},[69,34843,34029],{"class":109},[69,34845,113],{"class":83},[69,34847,34848],{"class":121},"json",[69,34850,342],{"class":83},[14,34852,34853,34854,2057,34857,2057,34860,16720,34863,25],{},"This can help you quickly spot useful names such as ",[17,34855,34856],{},"dump",[17,34858,34859],{},"dumps",[17,34861,34862],{},"load",[17,34864,34865],{},"loads",[141,34867,34869,10223,34871],{"id":34868},"dir-vs-help",[17,34870,33968],{},[17,34872,34685],{},[14,34874,34875,587,34877,34879],{},[17,34876,33968],{},[17,34878,34685],{}," are often used together.",[1369,34881,34882],{"id":34029},[17,34883,33968],{},[30,34885,34886,34889],{},[33,34887,34888],{},"shows available names",[33,34890,34891],{},"helps you discover methods and attributes",[1369,34893,34894],{"id":31808},[17,34895,34685],{},[30,34897,34898,34901],{},[33,34899,34900],{},"explains what an object or function does",[33,34902,34903],{},"shows usage details and documentation",[14,34905,34906],{},"A common beginner workflow looks like this:",[60,34908,34910],{"className":62,"code":34909,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[17,34911,34912,34924,34928,34942],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,34913,34914,34916,34918,34920,34922],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,34915,7507],{"class":75},[69,34917,80],{"class":79},[69,34919,964],{"class":94},[69,34921,337],{"class":336},[69,34923,3224],{"class":94},[69,34925,34926],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,34927,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,34929,34930,34932,34934,34936,34938,34940],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,34931,110],{"class":109},[69,34933,113],{"class":83},[69,34935,34029],{"class":109},[69,34937,113],{"class":83},[69,34939,7297],{"class":121},[69,34941,342],{"class":83},[69,34943,34944,34946,34948,34950,34952,34954],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,34945,31808],{"class":109},[69,34947,113],{"class":83},[69,34949,7297],{"class":121},[69,34951,25],{"class":83},[69,34953,34135],{"class":24402},[69,34955,221],{"class":83},[14,34957,132,34958,34960,34961,34963,34964,34966],{},[17,34959,33968],{}," first to find a method name.",[9483,34962],{},"\nThen use ",[17,34965,34685],{}," to understand how to use it.",[141,34968,25010],{"id":25009},[14,34970,34971],{},"Here are a few things that often confuse beginners.",[1369,34973,34975,34977],{"id":34974},"dir-returns-names-not-values",[17,34976,33968],{}," returns names, not values",[14,34979,34980,34982],{},[17,34981,33968],{}," does not give you the actual value of an attribute. It only gives you its name.",[14,34984,34985,34986,34988,34989,34992],{},"For example, seeing ",[17,34987,34135],{}," in ",[17,34990,34991],{},"dir(\"hello\")"," does not run the method. It only tells you the method exists.",[1369,34994,34996],{"id":34995},"not-every-name-is-for-everyday-use","Not every name is for everyday use",[14,34998,34999],{},"Many names in the output are special Python internals, especially names with double underscores.",[14,35001,35002],{},"Beginners usually do not need most of these right away.",[1369,35004,35006],{"id":35005},"output-can-vary","Output can vary",[14,35008,35009],{},"The exact output depends on the object type.",[14,35011,244],{},[30,35013,35014,35019,35025],{},[33,35015,35016,35018],{},[17,35017,34991],{}," shows string-related names",[33,35020,35021,35024],{},[17,35022,35023],{},"dir([1, 2, 3])"," shows list-related names",[33,35026,35027,35030,35031,34739],{},[17,35028,35029],{},"dir(math)"," shows names from the ",[17,35032,18066],{},[1369,35034,35036],{"id":35035},"a-name-existing-does-not-mean-you-know-how-to-call-it","A name existing does not mean you know how to call it",[14,35038,35039,35040,35042],{},"Just because a method appears in ",[17,35041,33968],{}," does not mean you already know:",[30,35044,35045,35048,35051],{},[33,35046,35047],{},"what it does",[33,35049,35050],{},"what arguments it needs",[33,35052,35053],{},"what it returns",[14,35055,35056,35057,35059],{},"That is why ",[17,35058,34685],{}," is the natural next step.",[141,35061,2698],{"id":2697},[14,35063,35064,35065,35067],{},"Beginners often use ",[17,35066,33968],{}," in these situations:",[30,35069,35070,35073,35082,35085],{},[33,35071,35072],{},"Trying to understand what methods are available on a string, list, or dictionary",[33,35074,35075,35076,35081],{},"Seeing an ",[192,35077,35079],{"href":35078},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix",[17,35080,25324],{}," and wanting to check valid attribute names",[33,35083,35084],{},"Exploring a module without knowing its functions",[33,35086,8050,35087,35089,35090],{},[17,35088,33968],{}," output without following up with documentation or ",[17,35091,34685],{},[14,35093,35094],{},"A simple debugging workflow is:",[60,35096,35098],{"className":62,"code":35097,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(type(name))\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[17,35099,35100,35112,35116,35130,35144],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,35101,35102,35104,35106,35108,35110],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,35103,7507],{"class":75},[69,35105,80],{"class":79},[69,35107,964],{"class":94},[69,35109,337],{"class":336},[69,35111,3224],{"class":94},[69,35113,35114],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,35115,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,35117,35118,35120,35122,35124,35126,35128],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,35119,110],{"class":109},[69,35121,113],{"class":83},[69,35123,3087],{"class":1126},[69,35125,113],{"class":83},[69,35127,7297],{"class":121},[69,35129,342],{"class":83},[69,35131,35132,35134,35136,35138,35140,35142],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,35133,110],{"class":109},[69,35135,113],{"class":83},[69,35137,34029],{"class":109},[69,35139,113],{"class":83},[69,35141,7297],{"class":121},[69,35143,342],{"class":83},[69,35145,35146,35148,35150,35152,35154,35156],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,35147,31808],{"class":109},[69,35149,113],{"class":83},[69,35151,7297],{"class":121},[69,35153,25],{"class":83},[69,35155,34135],{"class":24402},[69,35157,221],{"class":83},[14,35159,35160],{},"And for modules:",[60,35162,35163],{"className":62,"code":34742,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,35164,35165,35171,35175],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,35166,35167,35169],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,35168,34749],{"class":773},[69,35170,34752],{"class":75},[69,35172,35173],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,35174,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,35176,35177,35179,35181,35183,35185,35187],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,35178,110],{"class":109},[69,35180,113],{"class":83},[69,35182,34029],{"class":109},[69,35184,113],{"class":83},[69,35186,18066],{"class":121},[69,35188,342],{"class":83},[14,35190,35191],{},"You can try the same commands in the Python shell:",[60,35193,35195],{"className":62,"code":35194,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"python\nname = \"hello\"\ndir(name)\nhelp(name.upper)\nimport math\ndir(math)\n",[17,35196,35197,35202,35214,35224,35238,35244],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,35198,35199],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,35200,35201],{"class":75},"python\n",[69,35203,35204,35206,35208,35210,35212],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,35205,7507],{"class":75},[69,35207,80],{"class":79},[69,35209,964],{"class":94},[69,35211,337],{"class":336},[69,35213,3224],{"class":94},[69,35215,35216,35218,35220,35222],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,35217,34029],{"class":109},[69,35219,113],{"class":83},[69,35221,7297],{"class":121},[69,35223,221],{"class":83},[69,35225,35226,35228,35230,35232,35234,35236],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,35227,31808],{"class":109},[69,35229,113],{"class":83},[69,35231,7297],{"class":121},[69,35233,25],{"class":83},[69,35235,34135],{"class":24402},[69,35237,221],{"class":83},[69,35239,35240,35242],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,35241,34749],{"class":773},[69,35243,34752],{"class":75},[69,35245,35246,35248,35250,35252],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,35247,34029],{"class":109},[69,35249,113],{"class":83},[69,35251,18066],{"class":121},[69,35253,221],{"class":83},[141,35255,1651],{"id":1650},[1369,35257,4969,35259,4972],{"id":35258},"what-does-dir-return-in-python",[17,35260,33968],{},[14,35262,35263],{},"It returns a list of strings containing attribute and method names for an object, or names in the current scope when called with no argument.",[1369,35265,5006,35267,587,35269,2359],{"id":35266},"what-is-the-difference-between-dir-and-help",[17,35268,33968],{},[17,35270,34685],{},[14,35272,35273,35275,35276,35278],{},[17,35274,33968],{}," lists available names. ",[17,35277,34685],{}," gives documentation and usage details.",[1369,35280,35282,35283,35285],{"id":35281},"why-do-i-see-names-with-double-underscores-in-dir-output","Why do I see names with double underscores in ",[17,35284,33968],{}," output?",[14,35287,35288],{},"Those are special Python attributes and methods used internally by the language.",[1369,35290,4996,35292,35294,35295,2359],{"id":35291},"can-dir-help-fix-attributeerror",[17,35293,33968],{}," help fix ",[17,35296,25324],{},[14,35298,35299,35300,25],{},"Yes. It can show which attribute names actually exist on an object. This makes it useful when debugging an error like ",[192,35301,35302],{"href":35078},"object has no attribute",[141,35304,1771],{"id":1770},[30,35306,35307,35313,35318,35322,35326],{},[33,35308,35309],{},[192,35310,3441,35311,1780],{"href":34682},[17,35312,34685],{},[33,35314,35315],{},[192,35316,35317],{"href":35078},"AttributeError: object has no attribute fix",[33,35319,35320],{},[192,35321,34809],{"href":34808},[33,35323,35324],{},[192,35325,34815],{"href":34814},[33,35327,35328],{},[192,35329,3441,35330,1780],{"href":34466},[17,35331,2168],{},[14,35333,35334,35335,35337,35338,35340],{},"A good habit is to use ",[17,35336,33968],{}," together with ",[17,35339,34685],{}," in the Python shell. It is one of the fastest ways to explore objects and learn Python methods as you go.",[1802,35342,35343],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":35345},[35346,35347,35349,35354,35359,35361,35362,35368,35373,35380,35381,35391],{"id":1869,"depth":106,"text":1870},{"id":34145,"depth":106,"text":35348},"What dir() does",{"id":2023,"depth":106,"text":2024,"children":35350},[35351,35353],{"id":34198,"depth":300,"text":35352},"dir() with no argument",{"id":34254,"depth":300,"text":34040},{"id":34322,"depth":106,"text":35355,"children":35356},"Using dir() with a value",[35357,35358],{"id":34334,"depth":300,"text":34335},{"id":34395,"depth":300,"text":34396},{"id":34475,"depth":106,"text":35360},"Using dir() with no argument",{"id":34575,"depth":106,"text":34576},{"id":34721,"depth":106,"text":35363,"children":35364},"dir() on modules",[35365,35367],{"id":34735,"depth":300,"text":35366},"Example: math module",{"id":34818,"depth":300,"text":34819},{"id":34868,"depth":106,"text":35369,"children":35370},"dir() vs help()",[35371,35372],{"id":34029,"depth":300,"text":33968},{"id":31808,"depth":300,"text":34685},{"id":25009,"depth":106,"text":25010,"children":35374},[35375,35377,35378,35379],{"id":34974,"depth":300,"text":35376},"dir() returns names, not values",{"id":34995,"depth":300,"text":34996},{"id":35005,"depth":300,"text":35006},{"id":35035,"depth":300,"text":35036},{"id":2697,"depth":106,"text":2698},{"id":1650,"depth":106,"text":1651,"children":35382},[35383,35385,35387,35389],{"id":35258,"depth":300,"text":35384},"What does dir() return in Python?",{"id":35266,"depth":300,"text":35386},"What is the difference between dir() and help()?",{"id":35281,"depth":300,"text":35388},"Why do I see names with double underscores in dir() output?",{"id":35291,"depth":300,"text":35390},"Can dir() help fix AttributeError?",{"id":1770,"depth":106,"text":1771},"Master python dir function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained",{"title":33960,"description":35392},"reference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained","GdcucA4RY69afXDO9saBTHeJ2twMUyCItdFzeLoSsyo",{"id":35399,"title":35400,"body":35401,"description":37221,"extension":1828,"meta":37222,"navigation":833,"path":37223,"seo":37224,"stem":37225,"__hash__":37226},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained.md","Python enumerate() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":35402,"toc":37190},[35403,35409,35414,35417,35425,35431,35433,35513,35515,35541,35546,35551,35556,35559,35570,35573,35575,35654,35656,35682,35689,35691,35693,35718,35721,35734,35739,35741,35822,35824,35850,35859,35864,35872,35878,35885,35888,35890,35969,35972,36029,36031,36068,36074,36079,36084,36087,36101,36103,36206,36208,36251,36260,36270,36277,36283,36290,36373,36375,36398,36401,36404,36406,36410,36414,36417,36480,36503,36506,36510,36516,36518,36585,36588,36665,36670,36676,36679,36682,36728,36730,36754,36759,36763,36768,36774,36837,36840,36842,36845,36870,36873,37008,37010,37111,37113,37118,37121,37127,37137,37145,37150,37156,37162,37164,37187],[10,35404,3441,35406,3444],{"id":35405},"python-enumerate-function-explained",[17,35407,35408],{},"enumerate()",[14,35410,35411,35413],{},[17,35412,35408],{}," is a built-in Python function that helps you loop through items while also keeping track of their position.",[14,35415,35416],{},"It is useful when you need both:",[30,35418,35419,35422],{},[33,35420,35421],{},"the item itself",[33,35423,35424],{},"its index in the loop",[14,35426,35427,35428,35430],{},"Beginners often use a manual counter variable for this, but ",[17,35429,35408],{}," is usually cleaner and easier to read.",[141,35432,1870],{"id":1869},[60,35434,35436],{"className":62,"code":35435,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors):\n    print(index, color)\n",[17,35437,35438,35470,35474,35497],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,35439,35440,35442,35444,35446,35448,35450,35452,35454,35456,35458,35460,35462,35464,35466,35468],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,35441,12720],{"class":75},[69,35443,80],{"class":79},[69,35445,84],{"class":83},[69,35447,333],{"class":94},[69,35449,12737],{"class":336},[69,35451,333],{"class":94},[69,35453,91],{"class":83},[69,35455,964],{"class":94},[69,35457,17104],{"class":336},[69,35459,333],{"class":94},[69,35461,91],{"class":83},[69,35463,964],{"class":94},[69,35465,12754],{"class":336},[69,35467,333],{"class":94},[69,35469,103],{"class":83},[69,35471,35472],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,35473,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,35475,35476,35478,35481,35483,35486,35488,35491,35493,35495],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,35477,774],{"class":773},[69,35479,35480],{"class":75}," index",[69,35482,91],{"class":83},[69,35484,35485],{"class":75}," color ",[69,35487,780],{"class":773},[69,35489,35490],{"class":109}," enumerate",[69,35492,113],{"class":83},[69,35494,17151],{"class":121},[69,35496,7974],{"class":83},[69,35498,35499,35501,35503,35506,35508,35511],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,35500,7700],{"class":109},[69,35502,113],{"class":83},[69,35504,35505],{"class":121},"index",[69,35507,91],{"class":83},[69,35509,35510],{"class":121}," color",[69,35512,221],{"class":83},[14,35514,643],{},[60,35516,35518],{"className":62,"code":35517,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"0 red\n1 green\n2 blue\n",[17,35519,35520,35527,35534],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,35521,35522,35524],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,35523,88],{"class":87},[69,35525,35526],{"class":75}," red\n",[69,35528,35529,35531],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,35530,473],{"class":87},[69,35532,35533],{"class":75}," green\n",[69,35535,35536,35538],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,35537,821],{"class":87},[69,35539,35540],{"class":75}," blue\n",[14,35542,132,35543,35545],{},[17,35544,35408],{}," when you need both the item and its position in a loop.",[141,35547,3540,35549,3543],{"id":35548},"what-enumerate-does",[17,35550,35408],{},[14,35552,35553,35555],{},[17,35554,35408],{}," lets you loop over an iterable and get both the index and the value at the same time.",[14,35557,35558],{},"It is commonly used with:",[30,35560,35561,35563,35565,35567],{},[33,35562,35],{},[33,35564,38],{},[33,35566,44],{},[33,35568,35569],{},"other iterable objects",[14,35571,35572],{},"This helps you avoid writing and updating your own counter variable.",[14,35574,2076],{},[60,35576,35578],{"className":62,"code":35577,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor index, name in enumerate(names):\n    print(index, name)\n",[17,35579,35580,35614,35618,35639],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,35581,35582,35584,35586,35588,35590,35592,35594,35596,35598,35601,35603,35605,35607,35610,35612],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,35583,4822],{"class":75},[69,35585,80],{"class":79},[69,35587,84],{"class":83},[69,35589,333],{"class":94},[69,35591,12524],{"class":336},[69,35593,333],{"class":94},[69,35595,91],{"class":83},[69,35597,964],{"class":94},[69,35599,35600],{"class":336},"Ben",[69,35602,333],{"class":94},[69,35604,91],{"class":83},[69,35606,964],{"class":94},[69,35608,35609],{"class":336},"Cara",[69,35611,333],{"class":94},[69,35613,103],{"class":83},[69,35615,35616],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,35617,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,35619,35620,35622,35624,35626,35629,35631,35633,35635,35637],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,35621,774],{"class":773},[69,35623,35480],{"class":75},[69,35625,91],{"class":83},[69,35627,35628],{"class":75}," name ",[69,35630,780],{"class":773},[69,35632,35490],{"class":109},[69,35634,113],{"class":83},[69,35636,4866],{"class":121},[69,35638,7974],{"class":83},[69,35640,35641,35643,35645,35647,35649,35652],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,35642,7700],{"class":109},[69,35644,113],{"class":83},[69,35646,35505],{"class":121},[69,35648,91],{"class":83},[69,35650,35651],{"class":121}," name",[69,35653,221],{"class":83},[14,35655,643],{},[60,35657,35659],{"className":62,"code":35658,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"0 Ana\n1 Ben\n2 Cara\n",[17,35660,35661,35668,35675],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,35662,35663,35665],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,35664,88],{"class":87},[69,35666,35667],{"class":75}," Ana\n",[69,35669,35670,35672],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,35671,473],{"class":87},[69,35673,35674],{"class":75}," Ben\n",[69,35676,35677,35679],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,35678,821],{"class":87},[69,35680,35681],{"class":75}," Cara\n",[14,35683,35684,35685,25],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with loops, see ",[192,35686,35688],{"href":35687},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained\u002F","Python for loops explained",[141,35690,2024],{"id":2023},[14,35692,2027],{},[60,35694,35696],{"className":62,"code":35695,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"enumerate(iterable, start=0)\n",[17,35697,35698],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,35699,35700,35703,35705,35707,35709,35712,35714,35716],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,35701,35702],{"class":109},"enumerate",[69,35704,113],{"class":83},[69,35706,218],{"class":121},[69,35708,91],{"class":83},[69,35710,35711],{"class":8811}," start",[69,35713,80],{"class":79},[69,35715,88],{"class":87},[69,35717,221],{"class":83},[14,35719,35720],{},"It has two parts:",[30,35722,35723,35728],{},[33,35724,35725,35727],{},[17,35726,218],{},": the object you want to loop through",[33,35729,35730,35733],{},[17,35731,35732],{},"start",": the number to begin counting from",[14,35735,35736,35737,25],{},"By default, counting starts at ",[17,35738,88],{},[14,35740,2076],{},[60,35742,35744],{"className":62,"code":35743,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i, letter in enumerate(letters):\n    print(i, letter)\n",[17,35745,35746,35779,35783,35806],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,35747,35748,35751,35753,35755,35757,35759,35761,35763,35765,35767,35769,35771,35773,35775,35777],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,35749,35750],{"class":75},"letters ",[69,35752,80],{"class":79},[69,35754,84],{"class":83},[69,35756,333],{"class":94},[69,35758,192],{"class":336},[69,35760,333],{"class":94},[69,35762,91],{"class":83},[69,35764,964],{"class":94},[69,35766,4587],{"class":336},[69,35768,333],{"class":94},[69,35770,91],{"class":83},[69,35772,964],{"class":94},[69,35774,9376],{"class":336},[69,35776,333],{"class":94},[69,35778,103],{"class":83},[69,35780,35781],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,35782,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,35784,35785,35787,35790,35792,35795,35797,35799,35801,35804],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,35786,774],{"class":773},[69,35788,35789],{"class":75}," i",[69,35791,91],{"class":83},[69,35793,35794],{"class":75}," letter ",[69,35796,780],{"class":773},[69,35798,35490],{"class":109},[69,35800,113],{"class":83},[69,35802,35803],{"class":121},"letters",[69,35805,7974],{"class":83},[69,35807,35808,35810,35812,35815,35817,35820],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,35809,7700],{"class":109},[69,35811,113],{"class":83},[69,35813,35814],{"class":121},"i",[69,35816,91],{"class":83},[69,35818,35819],{"class":121}," letter",[69,35821,221],{"class":83},[14,35823,643],{},[60,35825,35827],{"className":62,"code":35826,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"0 a\n1 b\n2 c\n",[17,35828,35829,35836,35843],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,35830,35831,35833],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,35832,88],{"class":87},[69,35834,35835],{"class":75}," a\n",[69,35837,35838,35840],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,35839,473],{"class":87},[69,35841,35842],{"class":75}," b\n",[69,35844,35845,35847],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,35846,821],{"class":87},[69,35848,35849],{"class":75}," c\n",[14,35851,35852,35853,25],{},"If you want to compare this with another counting tool, see the ",[192,35854,3441,35856,1780],{"href":35855},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained\u002F",[17,35857,35858],{},"range()",[141,35860,3540,35862,11347],{"id":35861},"what-enumerate-returns",[17,35863,35408],{},[14,35865,35866,35868,35869,25],{},[17,35867,35408],{}," returns an ",[22,35870,35871],{},"enumerate object",[14,35873,35874,35875,35877],{},"In most cases, you use it directly in a ",[17,35876,774],{}," loop. Each step of the loop gives you a pair:",[30,35879,35880],{},[33,35881,35882],{},[17,35883,35884],{},"(index, item)",[14,35886,35887],{},"You usually unpack that pair into two variables.",[14,35889,2076],{},[60,35891,35893],{"className":62,"code":35892,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\n\nfor index, fruit in enumerate(fruits):\n    print(index, fruit)\n",[17,35894,35895,35928,35932,35954],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,35896,35897,35900,35902,35904,35906,35908,35910,35912,35914,35916,35918,35920,35922,35924,35926],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,35898,35899],{"class":75},"fruits ",[69,35901,80],{"class":79},[69,35903,84],{"class":83},[69,35905,333],{"class":94},[69,35907,952],{"class":336},[69,35909,333],{"class":94},[69,35911,91],{"class":83},[69,35913,964],{"class":94},[69,35915,967],{"class":336},[69,35917,333],{"class":94},[69,35919,91],{"class":83},[69,35921,964],{"class":94},[69,35923,32877],{"class":336},[69,35925,333],{"class":94},[69,35927,103],{"class":83},[69,35929,35930],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,35931,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,35933,35934,35936,35938,35940,35943,35945,35947,35949,35952],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,35935,774],{"class":773},[69,35937,35480],{"class":75},[69,35939,91],{"class":83},[69,35941,35942],{"class":75}," fruit ",[69,35944,780],{"class":773},[69,35946,35490],{"class":109},[69,35948,113],{"class":83},[69,35950,35951],{"class":121},"fruits",[69,35953,7974],{"class":83},[69,35955,35956,35958,35960,35962,35964,35967],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,35957,7700],{"class":109},[69,35959,113],{"class":83},[69,35961,35505],{"class":121},[69,35963,91],{"class":83},[69,35965,35966],{"class":121}," fruit",[69,35968,221],{"class":83},[14,35970,35971],{},"You can also convert the result to a list if you want to see all the pairs at once:",[60,35973,35975],{"className":62,"code":35974,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = list(enumerate(numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[17,35976,35977,35997,36001,36019],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,35978,35979,35981,35983,35985,35987,35989,35991,35993,35995],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,35980,801],{"class":75},[69,35982,80],{"class":79},[69,35984,84],{"class":83},[69,35986,2197],{"class":87},[69,35988,91],{"class":83},[69,35990,7420],{"class":87},[69,35992,91],{"class":83},[69,35994,7425],{"class":87},[69,35996,103],{"class":83},[69,35998,35999],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,36000,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,36002,36003,36005,36007,36009,36011,36013,36015,36017],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,36004,839],{"class":75},[69,36006,80],{"class":79},[69,36008,22211],{"class":1126},[69,36010,113],{"class":83},[69,36012,35702],{"class":109},[69,36014,113],{"class":83},[69,36016,3512],{"class":121},[69,36018,342],{"class":83},[69,36020,36021,36023,36025,36027],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,36022,110],{"class":109},[69,36024,113],{"class":83},[69,36026,876],{"class":121},[69,36028,221],{"class":83},[14,36030,643],{},[60,36032,36034],{"className":62,"code":36033,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n",[17,36035,36036],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,36037,36038,36040,36042,36044,36046,36048,36050,36052,36054,36056,36058,36060,36062,36064,36066],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,36039,21391],{"class":83},[69,36041,88],{"class":87},[69,36043,91],{"class":83},[69,36045,826],{"class":87},[69,36047,8869],{"class":83},[69,36049,8872],{"class":83},[69,36051,473],{"class":87},[69,36053,91],{"class":83},[69,36055,7420],{"class":87},[69,36057,8869],{"class":83},[69,36059,8872],{"class":83},[69,36061,821],{"class":87},[69,36063,91],{"class":83},[69,36065,7425],{"class":87},[69,36067,8885],{"class":83},[14,36069,36070,36071,36073],{},"This is a good way to understand what ",[17,36072,35408],{}," produces.",[141,36075,4788,36077],{"id":36076},"when-to-use-enumerate",[17,36078,35408],{},[14,36080,132,36081,36083],{},[17,36082,35408],{}," when you need the item number while looping.",[14,36085,36086],{},"Common cases:",[30,36088,36089,36092,36095,36098],{},[33,36090,36091],{},"printing numbered output",[33,36093,36094],{},"building menus",[33,36096,36097],{},"showing positions in a list",[33,36099,36100],{},"looping over both index and value together",[14,36102,2076],{},[60,36104,36106],{"className":62,"code":36105,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"tasks = [\"Wash dishes\", \"Study Python\", \"Go for a walk\"]\n\nfor number, task in enumerate(tasks, start=1):\n    print(f\"{number}. {task}\")\n",[17,36107,36108,36143,36147,36177],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,36109,36110,36112,36114,36116,36118,36121,36123,36125,36127,36130,36132,36134,36136,36139,36141],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,36111,29552],{"class":75},[69,36113,80],{"class":79},[69,36115,84],{"class":83},[69,36117,333],{"class":94},[69,36119,36120],{"class":336},"Wash dishes",[69,36122,333],{"class":94},[69,36124,91],{"class":83},[69,36126,964],{"class":94},[69,36128,36129],{"class":336},"Study Python",[69,36131,333],{"class":94},[69,36133,91],{"class":83},[69,36135,964],{"class":94},[69,36137,36138],{"class":336},"Go for a walk",[69,36140,333],{"class":94},[69,36142,103],{"class":83},[69,36144,36145],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,36146,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,36148,36149,36151,36153,36155,36158,36160,36162,36164,36167,36169,36171,36173,36175],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,36150,774],{"class":773},[69,36152,2065],{"class":75},[69,36154,91],{"class":83},[69,36156,36157],{"class":75}," task ",[69,36159,780],{"class":773},[69,36161,35490],{"class":109},[69,36163,113],{"class":83},[69,36165,36166],{"class":121},"tasks",[69,36168,91],{"class":83},[69,36170,35711],{"class":8811},[69,36172,80],{"class":79},[69,36174,473],{"class":87},[69,36176,7974],{"class":83},[69,36178,36179,36181,36183,36185,36187,36189,36191,36193,36195,36197,36200,36202,36204],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,36180,7700],{"class":109},[69,36182,113],{"class":83},[69,36184,21945],{"class":1932},[69,36186,333],{"class":336},[69,36188,8914],{"class":87},[69,36190,2106],{"class":121},[69,36192,21954],{"class":87},[69,36194,27967],{"class":336},[69,36196,8914],{"class":87},[69,36198,36199],{"class":121},"task",[69,36201,21954],{"class":87},[69,36203,333],{"class":336},[69,36205,221],{"class":83},[14,36207,643],{},[60,36209,36211],{"className":62,"code":36210,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"1. Wash dishes\n2. Study Python\n3. Go for a walk\n",[17,36212,36213,36225,36237],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,36214,36215,36217,36219,36222],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,36216,473],{"class":87},[69,36218,25],{"class":83},[69,36220,36221],{"class":24402}," Wash",[69,36223,36224],{"class":75}," dishes\n",[69,36226,36227,36229,36231,36234],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,36228,821],{"class":87},[69,36230,25],{"class":83},[69,36232,36233],{"class":24402}," Study",[69,36235,36236],{"class":75}," Python\n",[69,36238,36239,36241,36243,36246,36248],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,36240,1929],{"class":87},[69,36242,25],{"class":83},[69,36244,36245],{"class":24402}," Go",[69,36247,857],{"class":773},[69,36249,36250],{"class":75}," a walk\n",[14,36252,36253,36254,36256,36257,25],{},"If you need both the index and the value, ",[17,36255,35408],{}," is usually easier to read than ",[17,36258,36259],{},"range(len(...))",[14,36261,36262,36263,25],{},"If you want more practical examples, see ",[192,36264,36266,36267,36269],{"href":36265},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python\u002F","how to use ",[17,36268,35408],{}," in Python",[141,36271,36273,36274,36276],{"id":36272},"using-the-start-argument","Using the ",[17,36275,35732],{}," argument",[14,36278,36279,36280,36282],{},"You can change where counting begins by passing the ",[17,36281,35732],{}," argument.",[14,36284,36285,36286,10731,36288,1044],{},"For example, if you want counting to start at ",[17,36287,473],{},[17,36289,88],{},[60,36291,36293],{"className":62,"code":36292,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors, start=1):\n    print(index, color)\n",[17,36294,36295,36327,36331,36359],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,36296,36297,36299,36301,36303,36305,36307,36309,36311,36313,36315,36317,36319,36321,36323,36325],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,36298,12720],{"class":75},[69,36300,80],{"class":79},[69,36302,84],{"class":83},[69,36304,333],{"class":94},[69,36306,12737],{"class":336},[69,36308,333],{"class":94},[69,36310,91],{"class":83},[69,36312,964],{"class":94},[69,36314,17104],{"class":336},[69,36316,333],{"class":94},[69,36318,91],{"class":83},[69,36320,964],{"class":94},[69,36322,12754],{"class":336},[69,36324,333],{"class":94},[69,36326,103],{"class":83},[69,36328,36329],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,36330,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,36332,36333,36335,36337,36339,36341,36343,36345,36347,36349,36351,36353,36355,36357],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,36334,774],{"class":773},[69,36336,35480],{"class":75},[69,36338,91],{"class":83},[69,36340,35485],{"class":75},[69,36342,780],{"class":773},[69,36344,35490],{"class":109},[69,36346,113],{"class":83},[69,36348,17151],{"class":121},[69,36350,91],{"class":83},[69,36352,35711],{"class":8811},[69,36354,80],{"class":79},[69,36356,473],{"class":87},[69,36358,7974],{"class":83},[69,36360,36361,36363,36365,36367,36369,36371],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,36362,7700],{"class":109},[69,36364,113],{"class":83},[69,36366,35505],{"class":121},[69,36368,91],{"class":83},[69,36370,35510],{"class":121},[69,36372,221],{"class":83},[14,36374,643],{},[60,36376,36378],{"className":62,"code":36377,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"1 red\n2 green\n3 blue\n",[17,36379,36380,36386,36392],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,36381,36382,36384],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,36383,473],{"class":87},[69,36385,35526],{"class":75},[69,36387,36388,36390],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,36389,821],{"class":87},[69,36391,35533],{"class":75},[69,36393,36394,36396],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,36395,1929],{"class":87},[69,36397,35540],{"class":75},[14,36399,36400],{},"This is especially useful for user-facing output, such as menus or numbered lists.",[14,36402,36403],{},"The original iterable does not change. Only the counting value changes.",[141,36405,25010],{"id":25009},[14,36407,25013,36408,25],{},[17,36409,35408],{},[1369,36411,36413],{"id":36412},"the-index-is-not-the-same-as-the-value","The index is not the same as the value",[14,36415,36416],{},"In this loop:",[60,36418,36420],{"className":62,"code":36419,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nfor index, value in enumerate(numbers):\n    print(index, value)\n",[17,36421,36422,36442,36446,36466],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,36423,36424,36426,36428,36430,36432,36434,36436,36438,36440],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,36425,801],{"class":75},[69,36427,80],{"class":79},[69,36429,84],{"class":83},[69,36431,2197],{"class":87},[69,36433,91],{"class":83},[69,36435,7420],{"class":87},[69,36437,91],{"class":83},[69,36439,7425],{"class":87},[69,36441,103],{"class":83},[69,36443,36444],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,36445,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,36447,36448,36450,36452,36454,36456,36458,36460,36462,36464],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,36449,774],{"class":773},[69,36451,35480],{"class":75},[69,36453,91],{"class":83},[69,36455,21235],{"class":75},[69,36457,780],{"class":773},[69,36459,35490],{"class":109},[69,36461,113],{"class":83},[69,36463,3512],{"class":121},[69,36465,7974],{"class":83},[69,36467,36468,36470,36472,36474,36476,36478],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,36469,7700],{"class":109},[69,36471,113],{"class":83},[69,36473,35505],{"class":121},[69,36475,91],{"class":83},[69,36477,8066],{"class":121},[69,36479,221],{"class":83},[30,36481,36482,36492],{},[33,36483,36484,4610,36486,2057,36488,2057,36490],{},[17,36485,35505],{},[17,36487,88],{},[17,36489,473],{},[17,36491,821],{},[33,36493,36494,4610,36496,2057,36498,2057,36500],{},[17,36495,2339],{},[17,36497,2197],{},[17,36499,15401],{},[17,36501,36502],{},"30",[14,36504,36505],{},"These are different things.",[1369,36507,36509],{"id":36508},"you-must-unpack-into-two-variables","You must unpack into two variables",[14,36511,36512,36513,36515],{},"Each item from ",[17,36514,35408],{}," is a pair.",[14,36517,1538],{},[60,36519,36521],{"className":62,"code":36520,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item)\n",[17,36522,36523,36547,36551,36571],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,36524,36525,36527,36529,36531,36533,36535,36537,36539,36541,36543,36545],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,36526,7409],{"class":75},[69,36528,80],{"class":79},[69,36530,84],{"class":83},[69,36532,333],{"class":94},[69,36534,2041],{"class":336},[69,36536,333],{"class":94},[69,36538,91],{"class":83},[69,36540,964],{"class":94},[69,36542,11387],{"class":336},[69,36544,333],{"class":94},[69,36546,103],{"class":83},[69,36548,36549],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,36550,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,36552,36553,36555,36557,36559,36561,36563,36565,36567,36569],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,36554,774],{"class":773},[69,36556,35789],{"class":75},[69,36558,91],{"class":83},[69,36560,777],{"class":75},[69,36562,780],{"class":773},[69,36564,35490],{"class":109},[69,36566,113],{"class":83},[69,36568,7440],{"class":121},[69,36570,7974],{"class":83},[69,36572,36573,36575,36577,36579,36581,36583],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,36574,7700],{"class":109},[69,36576,113],{"class":83},[69,36578,35814],{"class":121},[69,36580,91],{"class":83},[69,36582,29161],{"class":121},[69,36584,221],{"class":83},[14,36586,36587],{},"But this causes an error:",[60,36589,36591],{"className":62,"code":36590,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item, extra in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item, extra)\n",[17,36592,36593,36617,36621,36646],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,36594,36595,36597,36599,36601,36603,36605,36607,36609,36611,36613,36615],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,36596,7409],{"class":75},[69,36598,80],{"class":79},[69,36600,84],{"class":83},[69,36602,333],{"class":94},[69,36604,2041],{"class":336},[69,36606,333],{"class":94},[69,36608,91],{"class":83},[69,36610,964],{"class":94},[69,36612,11387],{"class":336},[69,36614,333],{"class":94},[69,36616,103],{"class":83},[69,36618,36619],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,36620,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,36622,36623,36625,36627,36629,36631,36633,36636,36638,36640,36642,36644],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,36624,774],{"class":773},[69,36626,35789],{"class":75},[69,36628,91],{"class":83},[69,36630,29161],{"class":75},[69,36632,91],{"class":83},[69,36634,36635],{"class":75}," extra ",[69,36637,780],{"class":773},[69,36639,35490],{"class":109},[69,36641,113],{"class":83},[69,36643,7440],{"class":121},[69,36645,7974],{"class":83},[69,36647,36648,36650,36652,36654,36656,36658,36660,36663],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,36649,7700],{"class":109},[69,36651,113],{"class":83},[69,36653,35814],{"class":121},[69,36655,91],{"class":83},[69,36657,29161],{"class":121},[69,36659,91],{"class":83},[69,36661,36662],{"class":121}," extra",[69,36664,221],{"class":83},[14,36666,28715,36667,36669],{},[17,36668,35408],{}," only gives two values each time: the index and the item.",[1369,36671,36673,36675],{"id":36672},"enumerate-only-works-with-iterable-objects",[17,36674,35408],{}," only works with iterable objects",[14,36677,36678],{},"You can use it with things like lists, strings, and tuples.",[14,36680,36681],{},"Example with a string:",[60,36683,36685],{"className":62,"code":36684,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"for index, char in enumerate(\"cat\"):\n    print(index, char)\n",[17,36686,36687,36713],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,36688,36689,36691,36693,36695,36698,36700,36702,36704,36706,36709,36711],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,36690,774],{"class":773},[69,36692,35480],{"class":75},[69,36694,91],{"class":83},[69,36696,36697],{"class":75}," char ",[69,36699,780],{"class":773},[69,36701,35490],{"class":109},[69,36703,113],{"class":83},[69,36705,333],{"class":94},[69,36707,36708],{"class":336},"cat",[69,36710,333],{"class":94},[69,36712,7974],{"class":83},[69,36714,36715,36717,36719,36721,36723,36726],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,36716,7700],{"class":109},[69,36718,113],{"class":83},[69,36720,35505],{"class":121},[69,36722,91],{"class":83},[69,36724,36725],{"class":121}," char",[69,36727,221],{"class":83},[14,36729,643],{},[60,36731,36733],{"className":62,"code":36732,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"0 c\n1 a\n2 t\n",[17,36734,36735,36741,36747],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,36736,36737,36739],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,36738,88],{"class":87},[69,36740,35849],{"class":75},[69,36742,36743,36745],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,36744,473],{"class":87},[69,36746,35835],{"class":75},[69,36748,36749,36751],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,36750,821],{"class":87},[69,36752,36753],{"class":75}," t\n",[14,36755,36756,36757,25],{},"To understand why this works, see ",[192,36758,375],{"href":374},[1369,36760,36762],{"id":36761},"if-you-only-need-values-a-normal-loop-is-enough","If you only need values, a normal loop is enough",[14,36764,36765,36766,25],{},"You do not always need ",[17,36767,35408],{},[14,36769,36770,36771,36773],{},"If you only need the items, use a normal ",[17,36772,774],{}," loop:",[60,36775,36777],{"className":62,"code":36776,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor color in colors:\n    print(color)\n",[17,36778,36779,36811,36815,36827],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,36780,36781,36783,36785,36787,36789,36791,36793,36795,36797,36799,36801,36803,36805,36807,36809],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,36782,12720],{"class":75},[69,36784,80],{"class":79},[69,36786,84],{"class":83},[69,36788,333],{"class":94},[69,36790,12737],{"class":336},[69,36792,333],{"class":94},[69,36794,91],{"class":83},[69,36796,964],{"class":94},[69,36798,17104],{"class":336},[69,36800,333],{"class":94},[69,36802,91],{"class":83},[69,36804,964],{"class":94},[69,36806,12754],{"class":336},[69,36808,333],{"class":94},[69,36810,103],{"class":83},[69,36812,36813],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,36814,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,36816,36817,36819,36821,36823,36825],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,36818,774],{"class":773},[69,36820,35485],{"class":75},[69,36822,780],{"class":773},[69,36824,12768],{"class":75},[69,36826,1235],{"class":83},[69,36828,36829,36831,36833,36835],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,36830,7700],{"class":109},[69,36832,113],{"class":83},[69,36834,32547],{"class":121},[69,36836,221],{"class":83},[14,36838,36839],{},"That is simpler when the index is not needed.",[141,36841,2698],{"id":2697},[14,36843,36844],{},"Watch out for these common problems:",[30,36846,36847,36852,36858,36863],{},[33,36848,22752,36849,36851],{},[17,36850,35408],{}," into the wrong number of variables",[33,36853,36854,36855,36857],{},"Forgetting that counting starts at ",[17,36856,88],{}," by default",[33,36859,8050,36860,36862],{},[17,36861,35408],{}," when only values are needed",[33,36864,36865,36866,8339,36868],{},"Confusing ",[17,36867,35408],{},[17,36869,35858],{},[14,36871,36872],{},"These quick checks can help you understand what is happening:",[60,36874,36876],{"className":62,"code":36875,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(enumerate([10, 20, 30]))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30])))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30], start=1)))\nfor i, value in enumerate(['a', 'b']):\n    print(i, value)\n",[17,36877,36878,36900,36927,36961,36994],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,36879,36880,36882,36884,36886,36888,36890,36892,36894,36896,36898],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,36881,110],{"class":109},[69,36883,113],{"class":83},[69,36885,35702],{"class":109},[69,36887,260],{"class":83},[69,36889,2197],{"class":87},[69,36891,91],{"class":83},[69,36893,7420],{"class":87},[69,36895,91],{"class":83},[69,36897,7425],{"class":87},[69,36899,275],{"class":83},[69,36901,36902,36904,36906,36908,36910,36912,36914,36916,36918,36920,36922,36924],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,36903,110],{"class":109},[69,36905,113],{"class":83},[69,36907,7725],{"class":1126},[69,36909,113],{"class":83},[69,36911,35702],{"class":109},[69,36913,260],{"class":83},[69,36915,2197],{"class":87},[69,36917,91],{"class":83},[69,36919,7420],{"class":87},[69,36921,91],{"class":83},[69,36923,7425],{"class":87},[69,36925,36926],{"class":83},"])))\n",[69,36928,36929,36931,36933,36935,36937,36939,36941,36943,36945,36947,36949,36951,36953,36955,36957,36959],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,36930,110],{"class":109},[69,36932,113],{"class":83},[69,36934,7725],{"class":1126},[69,36936,113],{"class":83},[69,36938,35702],{"class":109},[69,36940,260],{"class":83},[69,36942,2197],{"class":87},[69,36944,91],{"class":83},[69,36946,7420],{"class":87},[69,36948,91],{"class":83},[69,36950,7425],{"class":87},[69,36952,17711],{"class":83},[69,36954,35711],{"class":8811},[69,36956,80],{"class":79},[69,36958,473],{"class":87},[69,36960,297],{"class":83},[69,36962,36963,36965,36967,36969,36971,36973,36975,36977,36979,36981,36983,36985,36987,36989,36991],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,36964,774],{"class":773},[69,36966,35789],{"class":75},[69,36968,91],{"class":83},[69,36970,21235],{"class":75},[69,36972,780],{"class":773},[69,36974,35490],{"class":109},[69,36976,260],{"class":83},[69,36978,488],{"class":94},[69,36980,192],{"class":336},[69,36982,488],{"class":94},[69,36984,91],{"class":83},[69,36986,3161],{"class":94},[69,36988,4587],{"class":336},[69,36990,488],{"class":94},[69,36992,36993],{"class":83},"]):\n",[69,36995,36996,36998,37000,37002,37004,37006],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,36997,7700],{"class":109},[69,36999,113],{"class":83},[69,37001,35814],{"class":121},[69,37003,91],{"class":83},[69,37005,8066],{"class":121},[69,37007,221],{"class":83},[14,37009,16606],{},[60,37011,37013],{"className":62,"code":37012,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"\u003Cenumerate object at 0x...>\n[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n[(1, 10), (2, 20), (3, 30)]\n0 a\n1 b\n",[17,37014,37015,37035,37067,37099,37105],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,37016,37017,37019,37021,37023,37026,37030,37033],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,37018,852],{"class":79},[69,37020,35702],{"class":109},[69,37022,24269],{"class":1126},[69,37024,37025],{"class":75}," at ",[69,37027,37029],{"class":37028},"srjyR","0x",[69,37031,37032],{"class":34110},"...",[69,37034,3168],{"class":79},[69,37036,37037,37039,37041,37043,37045,37047,37049,37051,37053,37055,37057,37059,37061,37063,37065],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,37038,21391],{"class":83},[69,37040,88],{"class":87},[69,37042,91],{"class":83},[69,37044,826],{"class":87},[69,37046,8869],{"class":83},[69,37048,8872],{"class":83},[69,37050,473],{"class":87},[69,37052,91],{"class":83},[69,37054,7420],{"class":87},[69,37056,8869],{"class":83},[69,37058,8872],{"class":83},[69,37060,821],{"class":87},[69,37062,91],{"class":83},[69,37064,7425],{"class":87},[69,37066,8885],{"class":83},[69,37068,37069,37071,37073,37075,37077,37079,37081,37083,37085,37087,37089,37091,37093,37095,37097],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,37070,21391],{"class":83},[69,37072,473],{"class":87},[69,37074,91],{"class":83},[69,37076,826],{"class":87},[69,37078,8869],{"class":83},[69,37080,8872],{"class":83},[69,37082,821],{"class":87},[69,37084,91],{"class":83},[69,37086,7420],{"class":87},[69,37088,8869],{"class":83},[69,37090,8872],{"class":83},[69,37092,1929],{"class":87},[69,37094,91],{"class":83},[69,37096,7425],{"class":87},[69,37098,8885],{"class":83},[69,37100,37101,37103],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,37102,88],{"class":87},[69,37104,35835],{"class":75},[69,37106,37107,37109],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,37108,473],{"class":87},[69,37110,35842],{"class":75},[141,37112,1651],{"id":1650},[1369,37114,4969,37116,4972],{"id":37115},"what-does-enumerate-return-in-python",[17,37117,35408],{},[14,37119,37120],{},"It returns an enumerate object that produces pairs of index and value.",[1369,37122,12347,37124,37126],{"id":37123},"does-enumerate-start-at-0-or-1",[17,37125,35408],{}," start at 0 or 1?",[14,37128,37129,37130,37132,37133,37136],{},"It starts at ",[17,37131,88],{}," by default, but you can change that with ",[17,37134,37135],{},"start=1"," or another number.",[1369,37138,21071,37140,10731,37142,2359],{"id":37139},"should-i-use-enumerate-instead-of-rangelenlist",[17,37141,35408],{},[17,37143,37144],{},"range(len(list))",[14,37146,36253,37147,37149],{},[17,37148,35408],{}," is usually clearer and easier to read.",[1369,37151,4996,37153,37155],{"id":37152},"can-enumerate-be-used-with-strings",[17,37154,35408],{}," be used with strings?",[14,37157,37158,37159,37161],{},"Yes. A string is iterable, so ",[17,37160,35408],{}," can return each character with its index.",[141,37163,1771],{"id":1770},[30,37165,37166,37170,37176,37183],{},[33,37167,37168],{},[192,37169,35688],{"href":35687},[33,37171,37172],{},[192,37173,3441,37174,1780],{"href":35855},[17,37175,35858],{},[33,37177,37178],{},[192,37179,37180,37181,36269],{"href":36265},"How to use ",[17,37182,35408],{},[33,37184,37185],{},[192,37186,1789],{"href":374},[1802,37188,37189],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":37191},[37192,37193,37195,37196,37198,37200,37202,37209,37210,37220],{"id":1869,"depth":106,"text":1870},{"id":35548,"depth":106,"text":37194},"What enumerate() does",{"id":2023,"depth":106,"text":2024},{"id":35861,"depth":106,"text":37197},"What enumerate() returns",{"id":36076,"depth":106,"text":37199},"When to use enumerate()",{"id":36272,"depth":106,"text":37201},"Using the start argument",{"id":25009,"depth":106,"text":25010,"children":37203},[37204,37205,37206,37208],{"id":36412,"depth":300,"text":36413},{"id":36508,"depth":300,"text":36509},{"id":36672,"depth":300,"text":37207},"enumerate() only works with iterable objects",{"id":36761,"depth":300,"text":36762},{"id":2697,"depth":106,"text":2698},{"id":1650,"depth":106,"text":1651,"children":37211},[37212,37214,37216,37218],{"id":37115,"depth":300,"text":37213},"What does enumerate() return in Python?",{"id":37123,"depth":300,"text":37215},"Does enumerate() start at 0 or 1?",{"id":37139,"depth":300,"text":37217},"Should I use enumerate() instead of range(len(list))?",{"id":37152,"depth":300,"text":37219},"Can enumerate() be used with strings?",{"id":1770,"depth":106,"text":1771},"Master python enumerate function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained",{"title":35400,"description":37221},"reference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained","tP2Z_ots0Xqf_GFLRq6dqpNDnPiE1yGUJYT2Z9er6Qs",{"id":37228,"title":37229,"body":37230,"description":39746,"extension":1828,"meta":39747,"navigation":833,"path":39748,"seo":39749,"stem":39750,"__hash__":39751},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained.md","Python filter() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":37231,"toc":39703},[37232,37238,37243,37246,37254,37268,37270,37361,37369,37374,37379,37381,37397,37399,37478,37480,37497,37503,37507,37509,37530,37534,37537,37549,37553,37556,37559,37576,37579,37655,37657,37674,37679,37683,37691,37694,37709,37711,37800,37802,37847,37850,37854,37857,37936,37938,37960,37963,37970,37975,37978,38081,38083,38108,38111,38118,38124,38129,38132,38143,38249,38251,38272,38280,38287,38293,38312,38317,38320,38339,38341,38426,38428,38457,38460,38465,38470,38473,38484,38486,38575,38577,38597,38603,38709,38711,38731,38734,38818,38820,38840,38847,38849,38853,38859,38862,38919,38922,38925,38986,38995,38998,39001,39029,39032,39092,39094,39111,39115,39118,39196,39198,39218,39221,39296,39300,39303,39305,39314,39319,39321,39372,39380,39392,39397,39458,39460,39477,39481,39544,39546,39571,39579,39581,39587,39593,39600,39608,39614,39617,39624,39634,39640,39646,39649,39666,39672,39674,39700],[10,37233,3441,37235,3444],{"id":37234},"python-filter-function-explained",[17,37236,37237],{},"filter()",[14,37239,37240,37242],{},[17,37241,37237],{}," is used to keep only the items that pass a test.",[14,37244,37245],{},"It takes:",[30,37247,37248,37251],{},[33,37249,37250],{},"a function that checks each item",[33,37252,37253],{},"an iterable such as a list, tuple, or string",[14,37255,37256,37257,37260,37261,37264,37265,37267],{},"The result is ",[22,37258,37259],{},"not a list"," in Python 3. It returns a ",[17,37262,37263],{},"filter"," object, so beginners often convert it with ",[17,37266,24433],{}," to see the values.",[141,37269,1870],{"id":1869},[60,37271,37273],{"className":62,"code":37272,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\nprint(list(result))  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[17,37274,37275,37308,37344],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,37276,37277,37279,37281,37283,37285,37287,37289,37291,37293,37295,37297,37299,37301,37303,37306],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,37278,801],{"class":75},[69,37280,80],{"class":79},[69,37282,84],{"class":83},[69,37284,473],{"class":87},[69,37286,91],{"class":83},[69,37288,316],{"class":87},[69,37290,91],{"class":83},[69,37292,516],{"class":87},[69,37294,91],{"class":83},[69,37296,2323],{"class":87},[69,37298,91],{"class":83},[69,37300,100],{"class":87},[69,37302,91],{"class":83},[69,37304,37305],{"class":87}," 6",[69,37307,103],{"class":83},[69,37309,37310,37312,37314,37317,37319,37322,37326,37328,37330,37332,37334,37336,37338,37340,37342],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,37311,839],{"class":75},[69,37313,80],{"class":79},[69,37315,37316],{"class":109}," filter",[69,37318,113],{"class":83},[69,37320,37321],{"class":1932},"lambda",[69,37323,37325],{"class":37324},"sFwrP"," x",[69,37327,1044],{"class":83},[69,37329,860],{"class":121},[69,37331,1246],{"class":79},[69,37333,316],{"class":87},[69,37335,1251],{"class":79},[69,37337,267],{"class":87},[69,37339,91],{"class":83},[69,37341,865],{"class":121},[69,37343,221],{"class":83},[69,37345,37346,37348,37350,37352,37354,37356,37358],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,37347,110],{"class":109},[69,37349,113],{"class":83},[69,37351,7725],{"class":1126},[69,37353,113],{"class":83},[69,37355,876],{"class":121},[69,37357,125],{"class":83},[69,37359,37360],{"class":128},"  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[14,37362,37363,37365,37366,37368],{},[17,37364,37237],{}," returns a filter object, so beginners often wrap it with ",[17,37367,24433],{}," to see the results.",[141,37370,3540,37372,3543],{"id":37371},"what-filter-does",[17,37373,37237],{},[14,37375,37376,37378],{},[17,37377,37237],{}," keeps items that pass a test.",[14,37380,1974],{},[30,37382,37383,37386,37392],{},[33,37384,37385],{},"each item is checked one at a time",[33,37387,37388,37389,37391],{},"if the test returns ",[17,37390,53],{},", the item is kept",[33,37393,37388,37394,37396],{},[17,37395,57],{},", the item is removed",[14,37398,2076],{},[60,37400,37402],{"className":62,"code":37401,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x > 3, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[17,37403,37404,37432,37436,37464],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,37405,37406,37408,37410,37412,37414,37416,37418,37420,37422,37424,37426,37428,37430],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,37407,801],{"class":75},[69,37409,80],{"class":79},[69,37411,84],{"class":83},[69,37413,473],{"class":87},[69,37415,91],{"class":83},[69,37417,316],{"class":87},[69,37419,91],{"class":83},[69,37421,516],{"class":87},[69,37423,91],{"class":83},[69,37425,2323],{"class":87},[69,37427,91],{"class":83},[69,37429,100],{"class":87},[69,37431,103],{"class":83},[69,37433,37434],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,37435,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,37437,37438,37440,37442,37444,37446,37448,37450,37452,37454,37456,37458,37460,37462],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,37439,839],{"class":75},[69,37441,80],{"class":79},[69,37443,37316],{"class":109},[69,37445,113],{"class":83},[69,37447,37321],{"class":1932},[69,37449,37325],{"class":37324},[69,37451,1044],{"class":83},[69,37453,860],{"class":121},[69,37455,1578],{"class":79},[69,37457,516],{"class":87},[69,37459,91],{"class":83},[69,37461,865],{"class":121},[69,37463,221],{"class":83},[69,37465,37466,37468,37470,37472,37474,37476],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,37467,110],{"class":109},[69,37469,113],{"class":83},[69,37471,7725],{"class":1126},[69,37473,113],{"class":83},[69,37475,876],{"class":121},[69,37477,342],{"class":83},[14,37479,643],{},[60,37481,37483],{"className":62,"code":37482,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[4, 5]\n",[17,37484,37485],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,37486,37487,37489,37491,37493,37495],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,37488,3739],{"class":83},[69,37490,808],{"class":87},[69,37492,91],{"class":83},[69,37494,100],{"class":87},[69,37496,103],{"class":83},[14,37498,37499,37500,37502],{},"Here, only numbers greater than ",[17,37501,1929],{}," are kept.",[141,37504,37506],{"id":37505},"syntax-and-arguments","Syntax and arguments",[14,37508,2027],{},[60,37510,37512],{"className":62,"code":37511,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"filter(function, iterable)\n",[17,37513,37514],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,37515,37516,37518,37520,37523,37525,37528],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,37517,37263],{"class":109},[69,37519,113],{"class":83},[69,37521,37522],{"class":121},"function",[69,37524,91],{"class":83},[69,37526,37527],{"class":121}," iterable",[69,37529,221],{"class":83},[1369,37531,37532],{"id":37522},[17,37533,37522],{},[14,37535,37536],{},"This is the test function.",[30,37538,37539,37542],{},[33,37540,37541],{},"It receives one item at a time",[33,37543,37544,37545,54,37547],{},"It should return ",[17,37546,53],{},[17,37548,57],{},[1369,37550,37551],{"id":218},[17,37552,218],{},[14,37554,37555],{},"This is the group of values to check.",[14,37557,37558],{},"It can be:",[30,37560,37561,37564,37567,37570,37573],{},[33,37562,37563],{},"a list",[33,37565,37566],{},"a tuple",[33,37568,37569],{},"a string",[33,37571,37572],{},"a set",[33,37574,37575],{},"another iterable object",[14,37577,37578],{},"Example with a tuple:",[60,37580,37582],{"className":62,"code":37581,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = (10, 15, 20, 25)\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x >= 20, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[17,37583,37584,37609,37613,37641],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,37585,37586,37588,37590,37592,37594,37596,37599,37601,37603,37605,37607],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,37587,801],{"class":75},[69,37589,80],{"class":79},[69,37591,8872],{"class":83},[69,37593,2197],{"class":87},[69,37595,91],{"class":83},[69,37597,37598],{"class":87}," 15",[69,37600,91],{"class":83},[69,37602,7420],{"class":87},[69,37604,91],{"class":83},[69,37606,8942],{"class":87},[69,37608,221],{"class":83},[69,37610,37611],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,37612,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,37614,37615,37617,37619,37621,37623,37625,37627,37629,37631,37633,37635,37637,37639],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,37616,839],{"class":75},[69,37618,80],{"class":79},[69,37620,37316],{"class":109},[69,37622,113],{"class":83},[69,37624,37321],{"class":1932},[69,37626,37325],{"class":37324},[69,37628,1044],{"class":83},[69,37630,860],{"class":121},[69,37632,4926],{"class":79},[69,37634,7420],{"class":87},[69,37636,91],{"class":83},[69,37638,865],{"class":121},[69,37640,221],{"class":83},[69,37642,37643,37645,37647,37649,37651,37653],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,37644,110],{"class":109},[69,37646,113],{"class":83},[69,37648,7725],{"class":1126},[69,37650,113],{"class":83},[69,37652,876],{"class":121},[69,37654,342],{"class":83},[14,37656,643],{},[60,37658,37660],{"className":62,"code":37659,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[20, 25]\n",[17,37661,37662],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,37663,37664,37666,37668,37670,37672],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,37665,3739],{"class":83},[69,37667,15401],{"class":87},[69,37669,91],{"class":83},[69,37671,8942],{"class":87},[69,37673,103],{"class":83},[14,37675,37676,37677,25],{},"If you are new to iterables, see ",[192,37678,375],{"href":374},[141,37680,37682],{"id":37681},"what-the-return-value-means","What the return value means",[14,37684,37685,37686,21626,37688,25],{},"In Python 3, ",[17,37687,37237],{},[22,37689,37690],{},"filter object",[14,37692,37693],{},"This is an iterator-like object. You can:",[30,37695,37696,37699,37704],{},[33,37697,37698],{},"loop through it",[33,37700,37701,37702],{},"convert it with ",[17,37703,24433],{},[33,37705,37701,37706],{},[17,37707,37708],{},"tuple()",[14,37710,2076],{},[60,37712,37714],{"className":62,"code":37713,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[17,37715,37716,37758,37762,37772,37786],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,37717,37718,37720,37722,37724,37726,37728,37730,37732,37734,37736,37738,37740,37742,37744,37746,37748,37750,37752,37754,37756],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,37719,839],{"class":75},[69,37721,80],{"class":79},[69,37723,37316],{"class":109},[69,37725,113],{"class":83},[69,37727,37321],{"class":1932},[69,37729,37325],{"class":37324},[69,37731,1044],{"class":83},[69,37733,860],{"class":121},[69,37735,1578],{"class":79},[69,37737,316],{"class":87},[69,37739,91],{"class":83},[69,37741,84],{"class":83},[69,37743,473],{"class":87},[69,37745,91],{"class":83},[69,37747,316],{"class":87},[69,37749,91],{"class":83},[69,37751,516],{"class":87},[69,37753,91],{"class":83},[69,37755,2323],{"class":87},[69,37757,3727],{"class":83},[69,37759,37760],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,37761,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,37763,37764,37766,37768,37770],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,37765,110],{"class":109},[69,37767,113],{"class":83},[69,37769,876],{"class":121},[69,37771,221],{"class":83},[69,37773,37774,37776,37778,37780,37782,37784],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,37775,110],{"class":109},[69,37777,113],{"class":83},[69,37779,3087],{"class":1126},[69,37781,113],{"class":83},[69,37783,876],{"class":121},[69,37785,342],{"class":83},[69,37787,37788,37790,37792,37794,37796,37798],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,37789,110],{"class":109},[69,37791,113],{"class":83},[69,37793,7725],{"class":1126},[69,37795,113],{"class":83},[69,37797,876],{"class":121},[69,37799,342],{"class":83},[14,37801,643],{},[60,37803,37805],{"className":62,"code":37804,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"\u003Cfilter object at ...>\n\u003Cclass 'filter'>\n[3, 4]\n",[17,37806,37807,37821,37835],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,37808,37809,37811,37813,37815,37817,37819],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,37810,852],{"class":79},[69,37812,37263],{"class":109},[69,37814,24269],{"class":1126},[69,37816,37025],{"class":75},[69,37818,37032],{"class":34110},[69,37820,3168],{"class":79},[69,37822,37823,37825,37827,37829,37831,37833],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,37824,852],{"class":79},[69,37826,3158],{"class":1932},[69,37828,3161],{"class":94},[69,37830,37263],{"class":336},[69,37832,488],{"class":94},[69,37834,3168],{"class":79},[69,37836,37837,37839,37841,37843,37845],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,37838,3739],{"class":83},[69,37840,1929],{"class":87},[69,37842,91],{"class":83},[69,37844,2323],{"class":87},[69,37846,103],{"class":83},[14,37848,37849],{},"If you print the filter object directly, you will not see the filtered items.",[1369,37851,37853],{"id":37852},"important-a-filter-object-is-consumed-as-you-use-it","Important: a filter object is consumed as you use it",[14,37855,37856],{},"Once you loop through it or convert it to a list, the items are used up.",[60,37858,37860],{"className":62,"code":37859,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[17,37861,37862,37904,37908,37922],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,37863,37864,37866,37868,37870,37872,37874,37876,37878,37880,37882,37884,37886,37888,37890,37892,37894,37896,37898,37900,37902],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,37865,839],{"class":75},[69,37867,80],{"class":79},[69,37869,37316],{"class":109},[69,37871,113],{"class":83},[69,37873,37321],{"class":1932},[69,37875,37325],{"class":37324},[69,37877,1044],{"class":83},[69,37879,860],{"class":121},[69,37881,1578],{"class":79},[69,37883,316],{"class":87},[69,37885,91],{"class":83},[69,37887,84],{"class":83},[69,37889,473],{"class":87},[69,37891,91],{"class":83},[69,37893,316],{"class":87},[69,37895,91],{"class":83},[69,37897,516],{"class":87},[69,37899,91],{"class":83},[69,37901,2323],{"class":87},[69,37903,3727],{"class":83},[69,37905,37906],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,37907,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,37909,37910,37912,37914,37916,37918,37920],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,37911,110],{"class":109},[69,37913,113],{"class":83},[69,37915,7725],{"class":1126},[69,37917,113],{"class":83},[69,37919,876],{"class":121},[69,37921,342],{"class":83},[69,37923,37924,37926,37928,37930,37932,37934],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,37925,110],{"class":109},[69,37927,113],{"class":83},[69,37929,7725],{"class":1126},[69,37931,113],{"class":83},[69,37933,876],{"class":121},[69,37935,342],{"class":83},[14,37937,643],{},[60,37939,37941],{"className":62,"code":37940,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[3, 4]\n[]\n",[17,37942,37943,37955],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,37944,37945,37947,37949,37951,37953],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,37946,3739],{"class":83},[69,37948,1929],{"class":87},[69,37950,91],{"class":83},[69,37952,2323],{"class":87},[69,37954,103],{"class":83},[69,37956,37957],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,37958,37959],{"class":83},"[]\n",[14,37961,37962],{},"The second result is empty because the filter object was already consumed.",[141,37964,8050,37966,8339,37968],{"id":37965},"using-filter-with-lambda",[17,37967,37237],{},[17,37969,37321],{},[14,37971,14835,37972,37974],{},[17,37973,37321],{}," is a short anonymous function.",[14,37976,37977],{},"It is useful for simple filtering rules that fit on one line.",[60,37979,37981],{"className":62,"code":37980,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = [\"apple\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\", \"fig\"]\n\nresult = filter(lambda word: len(word) > 4, words)\nprint(list(result))\n",[17,37982,37983,38025,38029,38067],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,37984,37985,37987,37989,37991,37993,37995,37997,37999,38001,38004,38006,38008,38010,38012,38014,38016,38018,38021,38023],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,37986,943],{"class":75},[69,37988,80],{"class":79},[69,37990,84],{"class":83},[69,37992,333],{"class":94},[69,37994,952],{"class":336},[69,37996,333],{"class":94},[69,37998,91],{"class":83},[69,38000,964],{"class":94},[69,38002,38003],{"class":336},"kiwi",[69,38005,333],{"class":94},[69,38007,91],{"class":83},[69,38009,964],{"class":94},[69,38011,967],{"class":336},[69,38013,333],{"class":94},[69,38015,91],{"class":83},[69,38017,964],{"class":94},[69,38019,38020],{"class":336},"fig",[69,38022,333],{"class":94},[69,38024,103],{"class":83},[69,38026,38027],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,38028,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,38030,38031,38033,38035,38037,38039,38041,38044,38046,38049,38051,38054,38056,38059,38061,38063,38065],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,38032,839],{"class":75},[69,38034,80],{"class":79},[69,38036,37316],{"class":109},[69,38038,113],{"class":83},[69,38040,37321],{"class":1932},[69,38042,38043],{"class":37324}," word",[69,38045,1044],{"class":83},[69,38047,38048],{"class":109}," len",[69,38050,113],{"class":83},[69,38052,38053],{"class":121},"word",[69,38055,3525],{"class":83},[69,38057,38058],{"class":79}," >",[69,38060,2323],{"class":87},[69,38062,91],{"class":83},[69,38064,1004],{"class":121},[69,38066,221],{"class":83},[69,38068,38069,38071,38073,38075,38077,38079],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,38070,110],{"class":109},[69,38072,113],{"class":83},[69,38074,7725],{"class":1126},[69,38076,113],{"class":83},[69,38078,876],{"class":121},[69,38080,342],{"class":83},[14,38082,643],{},[60,38084,38086],{"className":62,"code":38085,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['apple', 'banana']\n",[17,38087,38088],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,38089,38090,38092,38094,38096,38098,38100,38102,38104,38106],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,38091,3739],{"class":83},[69,38093,488],{"class":94},[69,38095,952],{"class":336},[69,38097,488],{"class":94},[69,38099,91],{"class":83},[69,38101,3161],{"class":94},[69,38103,967],{"class":336},[69,38105,488],{"class":94},[69,38107,103],{"class":83},[14,38109,38110],{},"This keeps only words with more than 4 characters.",[14,38112,38113,38114,25],{},"If you want to learn this syntax more clearly, see ",[192,38115,38117],{"href":38116},"\u002Flearn\u002Flambda-functions-in-python-explained\u002F","lambda functions in Python explained",[141,38119,8050,38121,38123],{"id":38120},"using-filter-with-a-named-function",[17,38122,37237],{}," with a named function",[14,38125,38126,38127,25],{},"A named function is often easier to read than a complex ",[17,38128,37321],{},[14,38130,38131],{},"This is especially helpful when:",[30,38133,38134,38137,38140],{},[33,38135,38136],{},"the logic needs a clear name",[33,38138,38139],{},"the rule is more than a very short check",[33,38141,38142],{},"you want beginner-friendly code",[60,38144,38146],{"className":62,"code":38145,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"def is_even(number):\n    return number % 2 == 0\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(is_even, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[17,38147,38148,38161,38176,38180,38212,38231,38235],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,38149,38150,38152,38155,38157,38159],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,38151,34509],{"class":1932},[69,38153,38154],{"class":34512}," is_even",[69,38156,113],{"class":83},[69,38158,2106],{"class":37324},[69,38160,7974],{"class":83},[69,38162,38163,38165,38167,38169,38171,38173],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,38164,34520],{"class":773},[69,38166,1228],{"class":75},[69,38168,1246],{"class":79},[69,38170,316],{"class":87},[69,38172,1251],{"class":79},[69,38174,38175],{"class":87}," 0\n",[69,38177,38178],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,38179,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,38181,38182,38184,38186,38188,38190,38192,38194,38196,38198,38200,38202,38204,38206,38208,38210],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,38183,801],{"class":75},[69,38185,80],{"class":79},[69,38187,84],{"class":83},[69,38189,473],{"class":87},[69,38191,91],{"class":83},[69,38193,316],{"class":87},[69,38195,91],{"class":83},[69,38197,516],{"class":87},[69,38199,91],{"class":83},[69,38201,2323],{"class":87},[69,38203,91],{"class":83},[69,38205,100],{"class":87},[69,38207,91],{"class":83},[69,38209,37305],{"class":87},[69,38211,103],{"class":83},[69,38213,38214,38216,38218,38220,38222,38225,38227,38229],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,38215,839],{"class":75},[69,38217,80],{"class":79},[69,38219,37316],{"class":109},[69,38221,113],{"class":83},[69,38223,38224],{"class":121},"is_even",[69,38226,91],{"class":83},[69,38228,865],{"class":121},[69,38230,221],{"class":83},[69,38232,38233],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,38234,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,38236,38237,38239,38241,38243,38245,38247],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,38238,110],{"class":109},[69,38240,113],{"class":83},[69,38242,7725],{"class":1126},[69,38244,113],{"class":83},[69,38246,876],{"class":121},[69,38248,342],{"class":83},[14,38250,643],{},[60,38252,38254],{"className":62,"code":38253,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[2, 4, 6]\n",[17,38255,38256],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,38257,38258,38260,38262,38264,38266,38268,38270],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,38259,3739],{"class":83},[69,38261,821],{"class":87},[69,38263,91],{"class":83},[69,38265,2323],{"class":87},[69,38267,91],{"class":83},[69,38269,37305],{"class":87},[69,38271,103],{"class":83},[14,38273,20421,38274,678,38277,38279],{},[17,38275,38276],{},"is_even()",[17,38278,53],{}," for even numbers, so those numbers are kept.",[141,38281,8050,38283,8339,38285],{"id":38282},"using-none-with-filter",[17,38284,449],{},[17,38286,37237],{},[14,38288,38289,38290,38292],{},"You can pass ",[17,38291,449],{}," as the first argument:",[60,38294,38296],{"className":62,"code":38295,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"filter(None, iterable)\n",[17,38297,38298],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,38299,38300,38302,38304,38306,38308,38310],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,38301,37263],{"class":109},[69,38303,113],{"class":83},[69,38305,449],{"class":289},[69,38307,91],{"class":83},[69,38309,37527],{"class":121},[69,38311,221],{"class":83},[14,38313,38314,38315,6968],{},"In this case, Python removes ",[22,38316,388],{},[14,38318,38319],{},"Falsy values include:",[30,38321,38322,38326,38331,38335],{},[33,38323,38324],{},[17,38325,88],{},[33,38327,38328,38330],{},[17,38329,429],{}," (empty string)",[33,38332,38333],{},[17,38334,449],{},[33,38336,38337],{},[17,38338,57],{},[14,38340,2076],{},[60,38342,38344],{"className":62,"code":38343,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = [0, 1, \"\", \"hello\", None, True, False, 5]\n\nresult = filter(None, items)\nprint(list(result))\n",[17,38345,38346,38390,38394,38412],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,38347,38348,38350,38352,38354,38356,38358,38360,38362,38364,38366,38368,38370,38372,38374,38376,38378,38380,38382,38384,38386,38388],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,38349,7409],{"class":75},[69,38351,80],{"class":79},[69,38353,84],{"class":83},[69,38355,88],{"class":87},[69,38357,91],{"class":83},[69,38359,272],{"class":87},[69,38361,91],{"class":83},[69,38363,959],{"class":94},[69,38365,91],{"class":83},[69,38367,964],{"class":94},[69,38369,337],{"class":336},[69,38371,333],{"class":94},[69,38373,91],{"class":83},[69,38375,567],{"class":289},[69,38377,91],{"class":83},[69,38379,1461],{"class":289},[69,38381,91],{"class":83},[69,38383,294],{"class":289},[69,38385,91],{"class":83},[69,38387,100],{"class":87},[69,38389,103],{"class":83},[69,38391,38392],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,38393,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,38395,38396,38398,38400,38402,38404,38406,38408,38410],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,38397,839],{"class":75},[69,38399,80],{"class":79},[69,38401,37316],{"class":109},[69,38403,113],{"class":83},[69,38405,449],{"class":289},[69,38407,91],{"class":83},[69,38409,783],{"class":121},[69,38411,221],{"class":83},[69,38413,38414,38416,38418,38420,38422,38424],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,38415,110],{"class":109},[69,38417,113],{"class":83},[69,38419,7725],{"class":1126},[69,38421,113],{"class":83},[69,38423,876],{"class":121},[69,38425,342],{"class":83},[14,38427,643],{},[60,38429,38431],{"className":62,"code":38430,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[1, 'hello', True, 5]\n",[17,38432,38433],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,38434,38435,38437,38439,38441,38443,38445,38447,38449,38451,38453,38455],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,38436,3739],{"class":83},[69,38438,473],{"class":87},[69,38440,91],{"class":83},[69,38442,3161],{"class":94},[69,38444,337],{"class":336},[69,38446,488],{"class":94},[69,38448,91],{"class":83},[69,38450,1461],{"class":289},[69,38452,91],{"class":83},[69,38454,100],{"class":87},[69,38456,103],{"class":83},[14,38458,38459],{},"This is useful when you want to remove empty or false-like values from data.",[141,38461,4788,38463],{"id":38462},"when-to-use-filter",[17,38464,37237],{},[14,38466,132,38467,38469],{},[17,38468,37237],{}," when you want to keep only matching items.",[14,38471,38472],{},"It works well for:",[30,38474,38475,38478,38481],{},[33,38476,38477],{},"simple filtering rules",[33,38479,38480],{},"quick data cleaning",[33,38482,38483],{},"cases where a function already exists for the test",[14,38485,2076],{},[60,38487,38489],{"className":62,"code":38488,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\n\nprint(list(evens))\n",[17,38490,38491,38523,38556,38560],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,38492,38493,38495,38497,38499,38501,38503,38505,38507,38509,38511,38513,38515,38517,38519,38521],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,38494,801],{"class":75},[69,38496,80],{"class":79},[69,38498,84],{"class":83},[69,38500,473],{"class":87},[69,38502,91],{"class":83},[69,38504,316],{"class":87},[69,38506,91],{"class":83},[69,38508,516],{"class":87},[69,38510,91],{"class":83},[69,38512,2323],{"class":87},[69,38514,91],{"class":83},[69,38516,100],{"class":87},[69,38518,91],{"class":83},[69,38520,37305],{"class":87},[69,38522,103],{"class":83},[69,38524,38525,38528,38530,38532,38534,38536,38538,38540,38542,38544,38546,38548,38550,38552,38554],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,38526,38527],{"class":75},"evens ",[69,38529,80],{"class":79},[69,38531,37316],{"class":109},[69,38533,113],{"class":83},[69,38535,37321],{"class":1932},[69,38537,37325],{"class":37324},[69,38539,1044],{"class":83},[69,38541,860],{"class":121},[69,38543,1246],{"class":79},[69,38545,316],{"class":87},[69,38547,1251],{"class":79},[69,38549,267],{"class":87},[69,38551,91],{"class":83},[69,38553,865],{"class":121},[69,38555,221],{"class":83},[69,38557,38558],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,38559,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,38561,38562,38564,38566,38568,38570,38573],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,38563,110],{"class":109},[69,38565,113],{"class":83},[69,38567,7725],{"class":1126},[69,38569,113],{"class":83},[69,38571,38572],{"class":121},"evens",[69,38574,342],{"class":83},[14,38576,643],{},[60,38578,38579],{"className":62,"code":38253,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,38580,38581],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,38582,38583,38585,38587,38589,38591,38593,38595],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,38584,3739],{"class":83},[69,38586,821],{"class":87},[69,38588,91],{"class":83},[69,38590,2323],{"class":87},[69,38592,91],{"class":83},[69,38594,37305],{"class":87},[69,38596,103],{"class":83},[14,38598,38599,38600,38602],{},"For beginners, though, a ",[17,38601,774],{}," loop may be easier to understand.",[60,38604,38606],{"className":62,"code":38605,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = []\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        evens.append(number)\n\nprint(evens)\n",[17,38607,38608,38640,38648,38652,38664,38680,38695,38699],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,38609,38610,38612,38614,38616,38618,38620,38622,38624,38626,38628,38630,38632,38634,38636,38638],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,38611,801],{"class":75},[69,38613,80],{"class":79},[69,38615,84],{"class":83},[69,38617,473],{"class":87},[69,38619,91],{"class":83},[69,38621,316],{"class":87},[69,38623,91],{"class":83},[69,38625,516],{"class":87},[69,38627,91],{"class":83},[69,38629,2323],{"class":87},[69,38631,91],{"class":83},[69,38633,100],{"class":87},[69,38635,91],{"class":83},[69,38637,37305],{"class":87},[69,38639,103],{"class":83},[69,38641,38642,38644,38646],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,38643,38527],{"class":75},[69,38645,80],{"class":79},[69,38647,7469],{"class":83},[69,38649,38650],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,38651,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,38653,38654,38656,38658,38660,38662],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,38655,774],{"class":773},[69,38657,1228],{"class":75},[69,38659,780],{"class":773},[69,38661,865],{"class":75},[69,38663,1235],{"class":83},[69,38665,38666,38668,38670,38672,38674,38676,38678],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,38667,1241],{"class":773},[69,38669,1228],{"class":75},[69,38671,1246],{"class":79},[69,38673,316],{"class":87},[69,38675,1251],{"class":79},[69,38677,267],{"class":87},[69,38679,1235],{"class":83},[69,38681,38682,38685,38687,38689,38691,38693],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,38683,38684],{"class":75},"        evens",[69,38686,25],{"class":83},[69,38688,13198],{"class":121},[69,38690,113],{"class":83},[69,38692,2106],{"class":121},[69,38694,221],{"class":83},[69,38696,38697],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,38698,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,38700,38701,38703,38705,38707],{"class":71,"line":1269},[69,38702,110],{"class":109},[69,38704,113],{"class":83},[69,38706,38572],{"class":121},[69,38708,221],{"class":83},[14,38710,643],{},[60,38712,38713],{"className":62,"code":38253,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,38714,38715],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,38716,38717,38719,38721,38723,38725,38727,38729],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,38718,3739],{"class":83},[69,38720,821],{"class":87},[69,38722,91],{"class":83},[69,38724,2323],{"class":87},[69,38726,91],{"class":83},[69,38728,37305],{"class":87},[69,38730,103],{"class":83},[14,38732,38733],{},"A list comprehension is also a common alternative:",[60,38735,38737],{"className":62,"code":38736,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = [number for number in numbers if number % 2 == 0]\n\nprint(evens)\n",[17,38738,38739,38771,38804,38808],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,38740,38741,38743,38745,38747,38749,38751,38753,38755,38757,38759,38761,38763,38765,38767,38769],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,38742,801],{"class":75},[69,38744,80],{"class":79},[69,38746,84],{"class":83},[69,38748,473],{"class":87},[69,38750,91],{"class":83},[69,38752,316],{"class":87},[69,38754,91],{"class":83},[69,38756,516],{"class":87},[69,38758,91],{"class":83},[69,38760,2323],{"class":87},[69,38762,91],{"class":83},[69,38764,100],{"class":87},[69,38766,91],{"class":83},[69,38768,37305],{"class":87},[69,38770,103],{"class":83},[69,38772,38773,38775,38777,38779,38781,38783,38785,38787,38790,38792,38794,38796,38798,38800,38802],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,38774,38527],{"class":75},[69,38776,80],{"class":79},[69,38778,84],{"class":83},[69,38780,1334],{"class":75},[69,38782,774],{"class":773},[69,38784,1228],{"class":75},[69,38786,780],{"class":773},[69,38788,38789],{"class":75}," numbers ",[69,38791,6625],{"class":773},[69,38793,1228],{"class":75},[69,38795,1246],{"class":79},[69,38797,316],{"class":87},[69,38799,1251],{"class":79},[69,38801,267],{"class":87},[69,38803,103],{"class":83},[69,38805,38806],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,38807,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,38809,38810,38812,38814,38816],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,38811,110],{"class":109},[69,38813,113],{"class":83},[69,38815,38572],{"class":121},[69,38817,221],{"class":83},[14,38819,643],{},[60,38821,38822],{"className":62,"code":38253,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,38823,38824],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,38825,38826,38828,38830,38832,38834,38836,38838],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,38827,3739],{"class":83},[69,38829,821],{"class":87},[69,38831,91],{"class":83},[69,38833,2323],{"class":87},[69,38835,91],{"class":83},[69,38837,37305],{"class":87},[69,38839,103],{"class":83},[14,38841,38842,38843,25],{},"If you want another common filtering style, see ",[192,38844,38846],{"href":38845},"\u002Flearn\u002Flist-comprehensions-in-python-explained\u002F","list comprehensions in Python explained",[141,38848,2698],{"id":2697},[14,38850,14379,38851,25],{},[17,38852,37237],{},[1369,38854,8086,38856,38858],{"id":38855},"expecting-filter-to-return-a-list",[17,38857,37237],{}," to return a list",[14,38860,38861],{},"This is the most common mistake.",[60,38863,38865],{"className":62,"code":38864,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[17,38866,38867,38909],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,38868,38869,38871,38873,38875,38877,38879,38881,38883,38885,38887,38889,38891,38893,38895,38897,38899,38901,38903,38905,38907],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,38870,839],{"class":75},[69,38872,80],{"class":79},[69,38874,37316],{"class":109},[69,38876,113],{"class":83},[69,38878,37321],{"class":1932},[69,38880,37325],{"class":37324},[69,38882,1044],{"class":83},[69,38884,860],{"class":121},[69,38886,1578],{"class":79},[69,38888,316],{"class":87},[69,38890,91],{"class":83},[69,38892,84],{"class":83},[69,38894,473],{"class":87},[69,38896,91],{"class":83},[69,38898,316],{"class":87},[69,38900,91],{"class":83},[69,38902,516],{"class":87},[69,38904,91],{"class":83},[69,38906,2323],{"class":87},[69,38908,3727],{"class":83},[69,38910,38911,38913,38915,38917],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,38912,110],{"class":109},[69,38914,113],{"class":83},[69,38916,876],{"class":121},[69,38918,221],{"class":83},[14,38920,38921],{},"This prints a filter object, not the values.",[14,38923,38924],{},"Fix:",[60,38926,38928],{"className":62,"code":38927,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(list(result))\n",[17,38929,38930,38972],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,38931,38932,38934,38936,38938,38940,38942,38944,38946,38948,38950,38952,38954,38956,38958,38960,38962,38964,38966,38968,38970],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,38933,839],{"class":75},[69,38935,80],{"class":79},[69,38937,37316],{"class":109},[69,38939,113],{"class":83},[69,38941,37321],{"class":1932},[69,38943,37325],{"class":37324},[69,38945,1044],{"class":83},[69,38947,860],{"class":121},[69,38949,1578],{"class":79},[69,38951,316],{"class":87},[69,38953,91],{"class":83},[69,38955,84],{"class":83},[69,38957,473],{"class":87},[69,38959,91],{"class":83},[69,38961,316],{"class":87},[69,38963,91],{"class":83},[69,38965,516],{"class":87},[69,38967,91],{"class":83},[69,38969,2323],{"class":87},[69,38971,3727],{"class":83},[69,38973,38974,38976,38978,38980,38982,38984],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,38975,110],{"class":109},[69,38977,113],{"class":83},[69,38979,7725],{"class":1126},[69,38981,113],{"class":83},[69,38983,876],{"class":121},[69,38985,342],{"class":83},[1369,38987,38989,38990,54,38992,38994],{"id":38988},"using-a-test-function-that-does-not-return-true-or-false-clearly","Using a test function that does not return ",[17,38991,53],{},[17,38993,57],{}," clearly",[14,38996,38997],{},"Your function should make it obvious whether an item should stay.",[14,38999,39000],{},"Good example:",[60,39002,39004],{"className":62,"code":39003,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"def is_positive(number):\n    return number > 0\n",[17,39005,39006,39019],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,39007,39008,39010,39013,39015,39017],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,39009,34509],{"class":1932},[69,39011,39012],{"class":34512}," is_positive",[69,39014,113],{"class":83},[69,39016,2106],{"class":37324},[69,39018,7974],{"class":83},[69,39020,39021,39023,39025,39027],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,39022,34520],{"class":773},[69,39024,1228],{"class":75},[69,39026,1578],{"class":79},[69,39028,38175],{"class":87},[14,39030,39031],{},"Then use it with:",[60,39033,39035],{"className":62,"code":39034,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]\nprint(list(filter(is_positive, numbers)))\n",[17,39036,39037,39069],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,39038,39039,39041,39043,39045,39047,39049,39051,39053,39055,39057,39059,39061,39063,39065,39067],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,39040,801],{"class":75},[69,39042,80],{"class":79},[69,39044,84],{"class":83},[69,39046,1889],{"class":79},[69,39048,821],{"class":87},[69,39050,91],{"class":83},[69,39052,818],{"class":79},[69,39054,473],{"class":87},[69,39056,91],{"class":83},[69,39058,267],{"class":87},[69,39060,91],{"class":83},[69,39062,272],{"class":87},[69,39064,91],{"class":83},[69,39066,316],{"class":87},[69,39068,103],{"class":83},[69,39070,39071,39073,39075,39077,39079,39081,39083,39086,39088,39090],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,39072,110],{"class":109},[69,39074,113],{"class":83},[69,39076,7725],{"class":1126},[69,39078,113],{"class":83},[69,39080,37263],{"class":109},[69,39082,113],{"class":83},[69,39084,39085],{"class":121},"is_positive",[69,39087,91],{"class":83},[69,39089,865],{"class":121},[69,39091,297],{"class":83},[14,39093,643],{},[60,39095,39097],{"className":62,"code":39096,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[1, 2]\n",[17,39098,39099],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,39100,39101,39103,39105,39107,39109],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,39102,3739],{"class":83},[69,39104,473],{"class":87},[69,39106,91],{"class":83},[69,39108,316],{"class":87},[69,39110,103],{"class":83},[1369,39112,39114],{"id":39113},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-filter-object-after-it-has-been-consumed","Trying to reuse the same filter object after it has been consumed",[14,39116,39117],{},"A filter object is not stored like a list.",[60,39119,39120],{"className":62,"code":37859,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,39121,39122,39164,39168,39182],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,39123,39124,39126,39128,39130,39132,39134,39136,39138,39140,39142,39144,39146,39148,39150,39152,39154,39156,39158,39160,39162],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,39125,839],{"class":75},[69,39127,80],{"class":79},[69,39129,37316],{"class":109},[69,39131,113],{"class":83},[69,39133,37321],{"class":1932},[69,39135,37325],{"class":37324},[69,39137,1044],{"class":83},[69,39139,860],{"class":121},[69,39141,1578],{"class":79},[69,39143,316],{"class":87},[69,39145,91],{"class":83},[69,39147,84],{"class":83},[69,39149,473],{"class":87},[69,39151,91],{"class":83},[69,39153,316],{"class":87},[69,39155,91],{"class":83},[69,39157,516],{"class":87},[69,39159,91],{"class":83},[69,39161,2323],{"class":87},[69,39163,3727],{"class":83},[69,39165,39166],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,39167,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,39169,39170,39172,39174,39176,39178,39180],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,39171,110],{"class":109},[69,39173,113],{"class":83},[69,39175,7725],{"class":1126},[69,39177,113],{"class":83},[69,39179,876],{"class":121},[69,39181,342],{"class":83},[69,39183,39184,39186,39188,39190,39192,39194],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,39185,110],{"class":109},[69,39187,113],{"class":83},[69,39189,7725],{"class":1126},[69,39191,113],{"class":83},[69,39193,876],{"class":121},[69,39195,342],{"class":83},[14,39197,643],{},[60,39199,39200],{"className":62,"code":37940,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,39201,39202,39214],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,39203,39204,39206,39208,39210,39212],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,39205,3739],{"class":83},[69,39207,1929],{"class":87},[69,39209,91],{"class":83},[69,39211,2323],{"class":87},[69,39213,103],{"class":83},[69,39215,39216],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,39217,37959],{"class":83},[14,39219,39220],{},"If you need to use the values again, convert once and save them:",[60,39222,39224],{"className":62,"code":39223,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"result = list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4]))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[17,39225,39226,39272,39276,39286],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,39227,39228,39230,39232,39234,39236,39238,39240,39242,39244,39246,39248,39250,39252,39254,39256,39258,39260,39262,39264,39266,39268,39270],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,39229,839],{"class":75},[69,39231,80],{"class":79},[69,39233,22211],{"class":1126},[69,39235,113],{"class":83},[69,39237,37263],{"class":109},[69,39239,113],{"class":83},[69,39241,37321],{"class":1932},[69,39243,37325],{"class":37324},[69,39245,1044],{"class":83},[69,39247,860],{"class":121},[69,39249,1578],{"class":79},[69,39251,316],{"class":87},[69,39253,91],{"class":83},[69,39255,84],{"class":83},[69,39257,473],{"class":87},[69,39259,91],{"class":83},[69,39261,316],{"class":87},[69,39263,91],{"class":83},[69,39265,516],{"class":87},[69,39267,91],{"class":83},[69,39269,2323],{"class":87},[69,39271,275],{"class":83},[69,39273,39274],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,39275,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,39277,39278,39280,39282,39284],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,39279,110],{"class":109},[69,39281,113],{"class":83},[69,39283,876],{"class":121},[69,39285,221],{"class":83},[69,39287,39288,39290,39292,39294],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,39289,110],{"class":109},[69,39291,113],{"class":83},[69,39293,876],{"class":121},[69,39295,221],{"class":83},[1369,39297,39299],{"id":39298},"passing-a-non-iterable-as-the-second-argument","Passing a non-iterable as the second argument",[14,39301,39302],{},"The second argument must be something you can loop over.",[14,39304,16291],{},[60,39306,39308],{"className":62,"code":39307,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"# filter(lambda x: x > 2, 10)\n",[17,39309,39310],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,39311,39312],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,39313,39307],{"class":128},[14,39315,39316,39317,1400],{},"This causes an error because ",[17,39318,2197],{},[14,39320,16303],{},[60,39322,39324],{"className":62,"code":39323,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])))\n",[17,39325,39326],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,39327,39328,39330,39332,39334,39336,39338,39340,39342,39344,39346,39348,39350,39352,39354,39356,39358,39360,39362,39364,39366,39368,39370],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,39329,110],{"class":109},[69,39331,113],{"class":83},[69,39333,7725],{"class":1126},[69,39335,113],{"class":83},[69,39337,37263],{"class":109},[69,39339,113],{"class":83},[69,39341,37321],{"class":1932},[69,39343,37325],{"class":37324},[69,39345,1044],{"class":83},[69,39347,860],{"class":121},[69,39349,1578],{"class":79},[69,39351,316],{"class":87},[69,39353,91],{"class":83},[69,39355,84],{"class":83},[69,39357,473],{"class":87},[69,39359,91],{"class":83},[69,39361,316],{"class":87},[69,39363,91],{"class":83},[69,39365,516],{"class":87},[69,39367,91],{"class":83},[69,39369,2323],{"class":87},[69,39371,36926],{"class":83},[1369,39373,36865,39375,8339,39377],{"id":39374},"confusing-filter-with-map",[17,39376,37237],{},[17,39378,39379],{},"map()",[30,39381,39382,39387],{},[33,39383,39384,39386],{},[17,39385,37237],{}," keeps or removes items",[33,39388,39389,39391],{},[17,39390,39379],{}," changes each item into a new value",[14,39393,39394,39395,1044],{},"Example of ",[17,39396,37237],{},[60,39398,39400],{"className":62,"code":39399,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, numbers)))\n",[17,39401,39402,39426],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,39403,39404,39406,39408,39410,39412,39414,39416,39418,39420,39422,39424],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,39405,801],{"class":75},[69,39407,80],{"class":79},[69,39409,84],{"class":83},[69,39411,473],{"class":87},[69,39413,91],{"class":83},[69,39415,316],{"class":87},[69,39417,91],{"class":83},[69,39419,516],{"class":87},[69,39421,91],{"class":83},[69,39423,2323],{"class":87},[69,39425,103],{"class":83},[69,39427,39428,39430,39432,39434,39436,39438,39440,39442,39444,39446,39448,39450,39452,39454,39456],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,39429,110],{"class":109},[69,39431,113],{"class":83},[69,39433,7725],{"class":1126},[69,39435,113],{"class":83},[69,39437,37263],{"class":109},[69,39439,113],{"class":83},[69,39441,37321],{"class":1932},[69,39443,37325],{"class":37324},[69,39445,1044],{"class":83},[69,39447,860],{"class":121},[69,39449,1578],{"class":79},[69,39451,316],{"class":87},[69,39453,91],{"class":83},[69,39455,865],{"class":121},[69,39457,297],{"class":83},[14,39459,643],{},[60,39461,39463],{"className":62,"code":39462,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[3, 4]\n",[17,39464,39465],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,39466,39467,39469,39471,39473,39475],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,39468,3739],{"class":83},[69,39470,1929],{"class":87},[69,39472,91],{"class":83},[69,39474,2323],{"class":87},[69,39476,103],{"class":83},[14,39478,39394,39479,1044],{},[17,39480,39379],{},[60,39482,39484],{"className":62,"code":39483,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(map(lambda x: x * 2, numbers)))\n",[17,39485,39486,39510],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,39487,39488,39490,39492,39494,39496,39498,39500,39502,39504,39506,39508],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,39489,801],{"class":75},[69,39491,80],{"class":79},[69,39493,84],{"class":83},[69,39495,473],{"class":87},[69,39497,91],{"class":83},[69,39499,316],{"class":87},[69,39501,91],{"class":83},[69,39503,516],{"class":87},[69,39505,91],{"class":83},[69,39507,2323],{"class":87},[69,39509,103],{"class":83},[69,39511,39512,39514,39516,39518,39520,39523,39525,39527,39529,39531,39533,39536,39538,39540,39542],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,39513,110],{"class":109},[69,39515,113],{"class":83},[69,39517,7725],{"class":1126},[69,39519,113],{"class":83},[69,39521,39522],{"class":109},"map",[69,39524,113],{"class":83},[69,39526,37321],{"class":1932},[69,39528,37325],{"class":37324},[69,39530,1044],{"class":83},[69,39532,860],{"class":121},[69,39534,39535],{"class":79},"*",[69,39537,316],{"class":87},[69,39539,91],{"class":83},[69,39541,865],{"class":121},[69,39543,297],{"class":83},[14,39545,643],{},[60,39547,39549],{"className":62,"code":39548,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[2, 4, 6, 8]\n",[17,39550,39551],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,39552,39553,39555,39557,39559,39561,39563,39565,39567,39569],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,39554,3739],{"class":83},[69,39556,821],{"class":87},[69,39558,91],{"class":83},[69,39560,2323],{"class":87},[69,39562,91],{"class":83},[69,39564,37305],{"class":87},[69,39566,91],{"class":83},[69,39568,1200],{"class":87},[69,39570,103],{"class":83},[14,39572,39573,39574,25],{},"For the related function, see ",[192,39575,3441,39577,1780],{"href":39576},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained\u002F",[17,39578,39379],{},[141,39580,1651],{"id":1650},[1369,39582,12347,39584,39586],{"id":39583},"does-filter-return-a-list-in-python-3",[17,39585,37237],{}," return a list in Python 3?",[14,39588,39589,39590,39592],{},"No. In Python 3, it returns a filter object. Convert it with ",[17,39591,24433],{}," if needed.",[1369,39594,39596,39597,39599],{"id":39595},"what-does-the-function-inside-filter-need-to-return","What does the function inside ",[17,39598,37237],{}," need to return?",[14,39601,37544,39602,39604,39605,39607],{},[17,39603,53],{}," to keep an item and ",[17,39606,57],{}," to remove it.",[1369,39609,27982,39611,39613],{"id":39610},"can-i-use-filter-without-lambda",[17,39612,37237],{}," without lambda?",[14,39615,39616],{},"Yes. You can pass a regular named function.",[1369,39618,4969,39620,39623],{"id":39619},"what-does-filternone-items-do",[17,39621,39622],{},"filter(None, items)"," do?",[14,39625,39626,39627,39629,39630,16720,39632,25],{},"It removes falsy values such as ",[17,39628,88],{},", empty strings, ",[17,39631,449],{},[17,39633,57],{},[1369,39635,21071,39637,39639],{"id":39636},"should-i-use-filter-or-a-list-comprehension",[17,39638,37237],{}," or a list comprehension?",[14,39641,39642,39643,39645],{},"Both work. Many beginners find list comprehensions or ",[17,39644,774],{}," loops easier to read.",[14,39647,39648],{},"If your goal is simple filtering:",[30,39650,39651,39657,39663],{},[33,39652,39653,39654,39656],{},"use ",[17,39655,37237],{}," when you already have a test function or want a functional style",[33,39658,39659,39660,39662],{},"use a ",[17,39661,774],{}," loop when you want the clearest step-by-step logic",[33,39664,39665],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a short and readable result list",[14,39667,39668,39669,25],{},"For a task-based example, see ",[192,39670,4960],{"href":39671},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python\u002F",[141,39673,1771],{"id":1770},[30,39675,39676,39681,39685,39690,39696],{},[33,39677,39678],{},[192,39679,39680],{"href":38116},"Lambda functions in Python explained",[33,39682,39683],{},[192,39684,5045],{"href":39671},[33,39686,39687],{},[192,39688,39689],{"href":38845},"List comprehensions in Python explained",[33,39691,39692],{},[192,39693,3441,39694,1780],{"href":39576},[17,39695,39379],{},[33,39697,39698],{},[192,39699,1789],{"href":374},[1802,39701,39702],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: 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code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":39704},[39705,39706,39708,39712,39715,39717,39719,39721,39723,39733,39745],{"id":1869,"depth":106,"text":1870},{"id":37371,"depth":106,"text":39707},"What filter() does",{"id":37505,"depth":106,"text":37506,"children":39709},[39710,39711],{"id":37522,"depth":300,"text":37522},{"id":218,"depth":300,"text":218},{"id":37681,"depth":106,"text":37682,"children":39713},[39714],{"id":37852,"depth":300,"text":37853},{"id":37965,"depth":106,"text":39716},"Using filter() with lambda",{"id":38120,"depth":106,"text":39718},"Using filter() with a named function",{"id":38282,"depth":106,"text":39720},"Using None with filter()",{"id":38462,"depth":106,"text":39722},"When to use filter()",{"id":2697,"depth":106,"text":2698,"children":39724},[39725,39727,39729,39730,39731],{"id":38855,"depth":300,"text":39726},"Expecting filter() to return a list",{"id":38988,"depth":300,"text":39728},"Using a test function that does not return True or False clearly",{"id":39113,"depth":300,"text":39114},{"id":39298,"depth":300,"text":39299},{"id":39374,"depth":300,"text":39732},"Confusing filter() with map()",{"id":1650,"depth":106,"text":1651,"children":39734},[39735,39737,39739,39741,39743],{"id":39583,"depth":300,"text":39736},"Does filter() return a list in Python 3?",{"id":39595,"depth":300,"text":39738},"What does the function inside filter() need to return?",{"id":39610,"depth":300,"text":39740},"Can I use filter() without lambda?",{"id":39619,"depth":300,"text":39742},"What does filter(None, items) do?",{"id":39636,"depth":300,"text":39744},"Should I use filter() or a list comprehension?",{"id":1770,"depth":106,"text":1771},"Master python filter function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained",{"title":37229,"description":39746},"reference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained","J9FdKm1wa-c3gDwJ_QQuBfzCHZa4aHKoE2spSvz7L8I",{"id":39753,"title":39754,"body":39755,"description":41908,"extension":1828,"meta":41909,"navigation":833,"path":41910,"seo":41911,"stem":41912,"__hash__":41913},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained.md","Python float() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":39756,"toc":41862},[39757,39760,39765,39771,39773,39825,39827,39846,39851,39855,39860,39863,39878,39881,39903,39905,39954,39956,39980,39982,39984,39999,40004,40012,40027,40029,40038,40041,40076,40080,40085,40089,40096,40131,40133,40149,40153,40156,40197,40199,40213,40217,40220,40244,40246,40255,40259,40262,40295,40297,40310,40314,40320,40339,40341,40349,40353,40358,40362,40368,40391,40393,40422,40425,40444,40448,40451,40478,40480,40514,40518,40521,40545,40549,40560,40562,40567,40573,40575,40659,40661,40703,40706,40710,40717,40726,40782,40789,40798,40803,40807,40878,40880,40889,40893,40896,40940,40942,40951,40955,40961,41011,41015,41020,41024,41048,41050,41059,41063,41087,41089,41100,41104,41128,41130,41139,41142,41159,41165,41169,41175,41178,41183,41186,41207,41209,41241,41244,41249,41251,41262,41264,41308,41312,41319,41371,41373,41382,41386,41389,41482,41485,41509,41513,41516,41608,41613,41617,41624,41629,41653,41655,41664,41669,41692,41694,41702,41709,41732,41740,41742,41755,41765,41767,41771,41778,41782,41791,41795,41802,41806,41810,41814,41827,41829,41859],[10,39758,39754],{"id":39759},"python-float-function-explained",[14,39761,8758,39762,39764],{},[17,39763,2752],{}," function converts a value into a floating-point number.",[14,39766,39767,39768,39770],{},"This is useful when you need decimal numbers in Python, especially when working with user input, file data, or numeric strings. In this guide, you will learn what ",[17,39769,2752],{}," does, what values it accepts, what errors it can raise, and how to use it safely.",[141,39772,1870],{"id":1869},[60,39774,39776],{"className":62,"code":39775,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(True))\n",[17,39777,39778,39792,39811],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,39779,39780,39782,39784,39786,39788,39790],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,39781,110],{"class":109},[69,39783,113],{"class":83},[69,39785,2060],{"class":1126},[69,39787,113],{"class":83},[69,39789,670],{"class":87},[69,39791,342],{"class":83},[69,39793,39794,39796,39798,39800,39802,39804,39807,39809],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,39795,110],{"class":109},[69,39797,113],{"class":83},[69,39799,2060],{"class":1126},[69,39801,113],{"class":83},[69,39803,333],{"class":94},[69,39805,39806],{"class":336},"3.14",[69,39808,333],{"class":94},[69,39810,342],{"class":83},[69,39812,39813,39815,39817,39819,39821,39823],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,39814,110],{"class":109},[69,39816,113],{"class":83},[69,39818,2060],{"class":1126},[69,39820,113],{"class":83},[69,39822,53],{"class":289},[69,39824,342],{"class":83},[14,39826,643],{},[60,39828,39830],{"className":62,"code":39829,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"5.0\n3.14\n1.0\n",[17,39831,39832,39836,39841],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,39833,39834],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,39835,2346],{"class":87},[69,39837,39838],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,39839,39840],{"class":87},"3.14\n",[69,39842,39843],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,39844,39845],{"class":87},"1.0\n",[14,39847,132,39848,39850],{},[17,39849,2752],{}," to convert compatible values like integers, numeric strings, and booleans into floating-point numbers.",[141,39852,39854],{"id":39853},"what-float-does","What float() does",[14,39856,39857,39859],{},[17,39858,2752],{}," converts a value to a floating-point number.",[14,39861,39862],{},"A floating-point number is a number that can contain a decimal part, such as:",[30,39864,39865,39869,39873],{},[33,39866,39867],{},[17,39868,2358],{},[33,39870,39871],{},[17,39872,39806],{},[33,39874,39875],{},[17,39876,39877],{},"0.5",[14,39879,39880],{},"A few key points:",[30,39882,39883,39890,39893,39896],{},[33,39884,39885,39887,39888],{},[17,39886,2752],{}," returns a value of type ",[17,39889,2060],{},[33,39891,39892],{},"The result is always a floating-point number",[33,39894,39895],{},"It is often used to turn text into a number",[33,39897,39898,39899],{},"It is especially useful with values returned by ",[192,39900,39901],{"href":7851},[17,39902,2825],{},[14,39904,2076],{},[60,39906,39908],{"className":62,"code":39907,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"number = float(\"2.75\")\nprint(number)\nprint(type(number))\n",[17,39909,39910,39930,39940],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,39911,39912,39914,39916,39919,39921,39923,39926,39928],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,39913,1334],{"class":75},[69,39915,80],{"class":79},[69,39917,39918],{"class":1126}," float",[69,39920,113],{"class":83},[69,39922,333],{"class":94},[69,39924,39925],{"class":336},"2.75",[69,39927,333],{"class":94},[69,39929,221],{"class":83},[69,39931,39932,39934,39936,39938],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,39933,110],{"class":109},[69,39935,113],{"class":83},[69,39937,2106],{"class":121},[69,39939,221],{"class":83},[69,39941,39942,39944,39946,39948,39950,39952],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,39943,110],{"class":109},[69,39945,113],{"class":83},[69,39947,3087],{"class":1126},[69,39949,113],{"class":83},[69,39951,2106],{"class":121},[69,39953,342],{"class":83},[14,39955,643],{},[60,39957,39959],{"className":62,"code":39958,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"2.75\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[17,39960,39961,39966],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,39962,39963],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,39964,39965],{"class":87},"2.75\n",[69,39967,39968,39970,39972,39974,39976,39978],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,39969,852],{"class":79},[69,39971,3158],{"class":1932},[69,39973,3161],{"class":94},[69,39975,2060],{"class":336},[69,39977,488],{"class":94},[69,39979,3168],{"class":79},[141,39981,2024],{"id":2023},[14,39983,6846],{},[60,39985,39987],{"className":62,"code":39986,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"float(value)\n",[17,39988,39989],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,39990,39991,39993,39995,39997],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,39992,2060],{"class":1126},[69,39994,113],{"class":83},[69,39996,2339],{"class":121},[69,39998,221],{"class":83},[14,40000,40001,40002,25],{},"In most code, you pass one argument to ",[17,40003,2752],{},[14,40005,40006,40007,40009,40010,1044],{},"If you call ",[17,40008,2752],{}," with no argument, Python returns ",[17,40011,424],{},[60,40013,40015],{"className":62,"code":40014,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(float())\n",[17,40016,40017],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,40018,40019,40021,40023,40025],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,40020,110],{"class":109},[69,40022,113],{"class":83},[69,40024,2060],{"class":1126},[69,40026,6822],{"class":83},[14,40028,643],{},[60,40030,40032],{"className":62,"code":40031,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"0.0\n",[17,40033,40034],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,40035,40036],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,40037,40031],{"class":87},[14,40039,40040],{},"You can print the result directly or store it in a variable:",[60,40042,40044],{"className":62,"code":40043,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"price = float(\"19.99\")\nprint(price)\n",[17,40045,40046,40066],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,40047,40048,40051,40053,40055,40057,40059,40062,40064],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,40049,40050],{"class":75},"price ",[69,40052,80],{"class":79},[69,40054,39918],{"class":1126},[69,40056,113],{"class":83},[69,40058,333],{"class":94},[69,40060,40061],{"class":336},"19.99",[69,40063,333],{"class":94},[69,40065,221],{"class":83},[69,40067,40068,40070,40072,40074],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,40069,110],{"class":109},[69,40071,113],{"class":83},[69,40073,24802],{"class":121},[69,40075,221],{"class":83},[141,40077,40079],{"id":40078},"values-float-can-convert","Values float() can convert",[14,40081,40082,40084],{},[17,40083,2752],{}," can convert several common value types.",[1369,40086,40088],{"id":40087},"integers","Integers",[14,40090,40091,40092,40095],{},"An integer becomes a float with ",[17,40093,40094],{},".0"," added:",[60,40097,40099],{"className":62,"code":40098,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(-2))\n",[17,40100,40101,40115],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,40102,40103,40105,40107,40109,40111,40113],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,40104,110],{"class":109},[69,40106,113],{"class":83},[69,40108,2060],{"class":1126},[69,40110,113],{"class":83},[69,40112,670],{"class":87},[69,40114,342],{"class":83},[69,40116,40117,40119,40121,40123,40125,40127,40129],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,40118,110],{"class":109},[69,40120,113],{"class":83},[69,40122,2060],{"class":1126},[69,40124,113],{"class":83},[69,40126,1889],{"class":79},[69,40128,821],{"class":87},[69,40130,342],{"class":83},[14,40132,643],{},[60,40134,40136],{"className":62,"code":40135,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"5.0\n-2.0\n",[17,40137,40138,40142],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,40139,40140],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,40141,2346],{"class":87},[69,40143,40144,40146],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,40145,1889],{"class":79},[69,40147,40148],{"class":87},"2.0\n",[1369,40150,40152],{"id":40151},"numeric-strings","Numeric strings",[14,40154,40155],{},"Strings containing valid numbers can be converted:",[60,40157,40159],{"className":62,"code":40158,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(\"10\"))\n",[17,40160,40161,40179],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,40162,40163,40165,40167,40169,40171,40173,40175,40177],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,40164,110],{"class":109},[69,40166,113],{"class":83},[69,40168,2060],{"class":1126},[69,40170,113],{"class":83},[69,40172,333],{"class":94},[69,40174,39806],{"class":336},[69,40176,333],{"class":94},[69,40178,342],{"class":83},[69,40180,40181,40183,40185,40187,40189,40191,40193,40195],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,40182,110],{"class":109},[69,40184,113],{"class":83},[69,40186,2060],{"class":1126},[69,40188,113],{"class":83},[69,40190,333],{"class":94},[69,40192,2197],{"class":336},[69,40194,333],{"class":94},[69,40196,342],{"class":83},[14,40198,643],{},[60,40200,40202],{"className":62,"code":40201,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"3.14\n10.0\n",[17,40203,40204,40208],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,40205,40206],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,40207,39840],{"class":87},[69,40209,40210],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,40211,40212],{"class":87},"10.0\n",[1369,40214,40216],{"id":40215},"strings-with-spaces","Strings with spaces",[14,40218,40219],{},"Extra spaces around the number are usually fine:",[60,40221,40223],{"className":62,"code":40222,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(float(\"  8.5  \"))\n",[17,40224,40225],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,40226,40227,40229,40231,40233,40235,40237,40240,40242],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,40228,110],{"class":109},[69,40230,113],{"class":83},[69,40232,2060],{"class":1126},[69,40234,113],{"class":83},[69,40236,333],{"class":94},[69,40238,40239],{"class":336},"  8.5  ",[69,40241,333],{"class":94},[69,40243,342],{"class":83},[14,40245,643],{},[60,40247,40249],{"className":62,"code":40248,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"8.5\n",[17,40250,40251],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,40252,40253],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,40254,40248],{"class":87},[1369,40256,40258],{"id":40257},"booleans","Booleans",[14,40260,40261],{},"Boolean values also work:",[60,40263,40265],{"className":62,"code":40264,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(float(True))\nprint(float(False))\n",[17,40266,40267,40281],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,40268,40269,40271,40273,40275,40277,40279],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,40270,110],{"class":109},[69,40272,113],{"class":83},[69,40274,2060],{"class":1126},[69,40276,113],{"class":83},[69,40278,53],{"class":289},[69,40280,342],{"class":83},[69,40282,40283,40285,40287,40289,40291,40293],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,40284,110],{"class":109},[69,40286,113],{"class":83},[69,40288,2060],{"class":1126},[69,40290,113],{"class":83},[69,40292,57],{"class":289},[69,40294,342],{"class":83},[14,40296,643],{},[60,40298,40300],{"className":62,"code":40299,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"1.0\n0.0\n",[17,40301,40302,40306],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,40303,40304],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,40305,39845],{"class":87},[69,40307,40308],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,40309,40031],{"class":87},[1369,40311,40313],{"id":40312},"existing-floats","Existing floats",[14,40315,40316,40317,40319],{},"If the value is already a float, ",[17,40318,2752],{}," returns a float version of it:",[60,40321,40323],{"className":62,"code":40322,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(float(4.2))\n",[17,40324,40325],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,40326,40327,40329,40331,40333,40335,40337],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,40328,110],{"class":109},[69,40330,113],{"class":83},[69,40332,2060],{"class":1126},[69,40334,113],{"class":83},[69,40336,2229],{"class":87},[69,40338,342],{"class":83},[14,40340,643],{},[60,40342,40343],{"className":62,"code":2253,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,40344,40345],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,40346,40347],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,40348,2253],{"class":87},[141,40350,40352],{"id":40351},"values-that-cause-errors","Values that cause errors",[14,40354,40355,40356,25],{},"Some values cannot be converted by ",[17,40357,2752],{},[1369,40359,40361],{"id":40360},"non-numeric-text","Non-numeric text",[14,40363,40364,40365,1044],{},"If the string does not contain a valid number, Python raises a ",[17,40366,40367],{},"ValueError",[60,40369,40371],{"className":62,"code":40370,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(float(\"hello\"))\n",[17,40372,40373],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,40374,40375,40377,40379,40381,40383,40385,40387,40389],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,40376,110],{"class":109},[69,40378,113],{"class":83},[69,40380,2060],{"class":1126},[69,40382,113],{"class":83},[69,40384,333],{"class":94},[69,40386,337],{"class":336},[69,40388,333],{"class":94},[69,40390,342],{"class":83},[14,40392,29335],{},[60,40394,40396],{"className":62,"code":40395,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'hello'\n",[17,40397,40398],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,40399,40400,40402,40404,40407,40409,40412,40414,40416,40418,40420],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,40401,40367],{"class":1126},[69,40403,1044],{"class":83},[69,40405,40406],{"class":75}," could ",[69,40408,4457],{"class":79},[69,40410,40411],{"class":75}," convert string to ",[69,40413,2060],{"class":1126},[69,40415,1044],{"class":83},[69,40417,3161],{"class":94},[69,40419,337],{"class":336},[69,40421,29354],{"class":94},[14,40423,40424],{},"This also happens with an empty string:",[60,40426,40428],{"className":62,"code":40427,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(float(\"\"))\n",[17,40429,40430],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,40431,40432,40434,40436,40438,40440,40442],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,40433,110],{"class":109},[69,40435,113],{"class":83},[69,40437,2060],{"class":1126},[69,40439,113],{"class":83},[69,40441,1111],{"class":94},[69,40443,342],{"class":83},[1369,40445,40447],{"id":40446},"unsupported-types","Unsupported types",[14,40449,40450],{},"Some types are not accepted directly, such as lists and dictionaries:",[60,40452,40454],{"className":62,"code":40453,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(float([1, 2, 3]))\n",[17,40455,40456],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,40457,40458,40460,40462,40464,40466,40468,40470,40472,40474,40476],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,40459,110],{"class":109},[69,40461,113],{"class":83},[69,40463,2060],{"class":1126},[69,40465,260],{"class":83},[69,40467,473],{"class":87},[69,40469,91],{"class":83},[69,40471,316],{"class":87},[69,40473,91],{"class":83},[69,40475,516],{"class":87},[69,40477,275],{"class":83},[14,40479,29335],{},[60,40481,40483],{"className":62,"code":40482,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"TypeError: float() argument must be a string or a real number, not 'list'\n",[17,40484,40485],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,40486,40487,40489,40491,40493,40495,40498,40501,40504,40506,40508,40510,40512],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,40488,2870],{"class":1126},[69,40490,1044],{"class":83},[69,40492,39918],{"class":1126},[69,40494,6994],{"class":83},[69,40496,40497],{"class":75}," argument must be a string ",[69,40499,40500],{"class":79},"or",[69,40502,40503],{"class":75}," a real number",[69,40505,91],{"class":83},[69,40507,7731],{"class":79},[69,40509,3161],{"class":94},[69,40511,7725],{"class":336},[69,40513,29354],{"class":94},[1369,40515,40517],{"id":40516},"strings-with-commas","Strings with commas",[14,40519,40520],{},"In normal Python code, a comma is not treated as a decimal point:",[60,40522,40524],{"className":62,"code":40523,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(float(\"3,14\"))\n",[17,40525,40526],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,40527,40528,40530,40532,40534,40536,40538,40541,40543],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,40529,110],{"class":109},[69,40531,113],{"class":83},[69,40533,2060],{"class":1126},[69,40535,113],{"class":83},[69,40537,333],{"class":94},[69,40539,40540],{"class":336},"3,14",[69,40542,333],{"class":94},[69,40544,342],{"class":83},[14,40546,2867,40547,25],{},[17,40548,40367],{},[14,40550,40551,40552,587,40556,25],{},"If you are fixing this specific problem, see ",[192,40553,40555],{"href":40554},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-float-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to float in Python",[192,40557,40559],{"href":40558},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-could-not-convert-string-to-float-fix\u002F","ValueError: could not convert string to float",[141,40561,17067],{"id":17066},[14,40563,40564,40566],{},[17,40565,2752],{}," returns a new float value.",[14,40568,40569,40570,40572],{},"It does ",[22,40571,4457],{}," change the original value in place.",[14,40574,2076],{},[60,40576,40578],{"className":62,"code":40577,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"6.5\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[17,40579,40580,40593,40607,40611,40621,40631,40645],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,40581,40582,40584,40586,40588,40591],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,40583,34345],{"class":75},[69,40585,80],{"class":79},[69,40587,964],{"class":94},[69,40589,40590],{"class":336},"6.5",[69,40592,3224],{"class":94},[69,40594,40595,40597,40599,40601,40603,40605],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,40596,1334],{"class":75},[69,40598,80],{"class":79},[69,40600,39918],{"class":1126},[69,40602,113],{"class":83},[69,40604,34366],{"class":121},[69,40606,221],{"class":83},[69,40608,40609],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,40610,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,40612,40613,40615,40617,40619],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,40614,110],{"class":109},[69,40616,113],{"class":83},[69,40618,34366],{"class":121},[69,40620,221],{"class":83},[69,40622,40623,40625,40627,40629],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,40624,110],{"class":109},[69,40626,113],{"class":83},[69,40628,2106],{"class":121},[69,40630,221],{"class":83},[69,40632,40633,40635,40637,40639,40641,40643],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,40634,110],{"class":109},[69,40636,113],{"class":83},[69,40638,3087],{"class":1126},[69,40640,113],{"class":83},[69,40642,34366],{"class":121},[69,40644,342],{"class":83},[69,40646,40647,40649,40651,40653,40655,40657],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,40648,110],{"class":109},[69,40650,113],{"class":83},[69,40652,3087],{"class":1126},[69,40654,113],{"class":83},[69,40656,2106],{"class":121},[69,40658,342],{"class":83},[14,40660,643],{},[60,40662,40664],{"className":62,"code":40663,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"6.5\n6.5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[17,40665,40666,40671,40675,40689],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,40667,40668],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,40669,40670],{"class":87},"6.5\n",[69,40672,40673],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,40674,40670],{"class":87},[69,40676,40677,40679,40681,40683,40685,40687],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,40678,852],{"class":79},[69,40680,3158],{"class":1932},[69,40682,3161],{"class":94},[69,40684,3309],{"class":336},[69,40686,488],{"class":94},[69,40688,3168],{"class":79},[69,40690,40691,40693,40695,40697,40699,40701],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,40692,852],{"class":79},[69,40694,3158],{"class":1932},[69,40696,3161],{"class":94},[69,40698,2060],{"class":336},[69,40700,488],{"class":94},[69,40702,3168],{"class":79},[14,40704,40705],{},"In real programs, you usually assign the result to a variable so you can use it later.",[141,40707,40709],{"id":40708},"common-beginner-use-cases","Common beginner use cases",[1369,40711,40713,40714,40716],{"id":40712},"convert-input-text-into-a-decimal-number","Convert ",[17,40715,2825],{}," text into a decimal number",[14,40718,1845,40719,40723,40724,25],{},[192,40720,40721,2169],{"href":7851},[17,40722,2825],{}," always returns a string. If you want to do math, you often need ",[17,40725,2752],{},[60,40727,40729],{"className":62,"code":40728,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"user_value = input(\"Enter a price: \")\nprice = float(user_value)\n\nprint(price * 2)\n",[17,40730,40731,40750,40764,40768],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,40732,40733,40735,40737,40739,40741,40743,40746,40748],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,40734,7869],{"class":75},[69,40736,80],{"class":79},[69,40738,7874],{"class":109},[69,40740,113],{"class":83},[69,40742,333],{"class":94},[69,40744,40745],{"class":336},"Enter a price: ",[69,40747,333],{"class":94},[69,40749,221],{"class":83},[69,40751,40752,40754,40756,40758,40760,40762],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,40753,40050],{"class":75},[69,40755,80],{"class":79},[69,40757,39918],{"class":1126},[69,40759,113],{"class":83},[69,40761,7898],{"class":121},[69,40763,221],{"class":83},[69,40765,40766],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,40767,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,40769,40770,40772,40774,40776,40778,40780],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,40771,110],{"class":109},[69,40773,113],{"class":83},[69,40775,40050],{"class":121},[69,40777,39535],{"class":79},[69,40779,316],{"class":87},[69,40781,221],{"class":83},[14,40783,40784,40785,40788],{},"If the user enters ",[17,40786,40787],{},"4.5",", the output will be:",[60,40790,40792],{"className":62,"code":40791,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"9.0\n",[17,40793,40794],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,40795,40796],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,40797,40791],{"class":87},[14,40799,40800,40801,25],{},"For more help with this, see ",[192,40802,8616],{"href":8615},[1369,40804,40806],{"id":40805},"prepare-values-for-math","Prepare values for math",[60,40808,40810],{"className":62,"code":40809,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = \"2.5\"\nb = \"1.5\"\n\ntotal = float(a) + float(b)\nprint(total)\n",[17,40811,40812,40825,40838,40842,40867],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,40813,40814,40816,40818,40820,40823],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,40815,2421],{"class":75},[69,40817,80],{"class":79},[69,40819,964],{"class":94},[69,40821,40822],{"class":336},"2.5",[69,40824,3224],{"class":94},[69,40826,40827,40829,40831,40833,40836],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,40828,2449],{"class":75},[69,40830,80],{"class":79},[69,40832,964],{"class":94},[69,40834,40835],{"class":336},"1.5",[69,40837,3224],{"class":94},[69,40839,40840],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,40841,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,40843,40844,40847,40849,40851,40853,40855,40857,40859,40861,40863,40865],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,40845,40846],{"class":75},"total ",[69,40848,80],{"class":79},[69,40850,39918],{"class":1126},[69,40852,113],{"class":83},[69,40854,192],{"class":121},[69,40856,3525],{"class":83},[69,40858,2320],{"class":79},[69,40860,39918],{"class":1126},[69,40862,113],{"class":83},[69,40864,4587],{"class":121},[69,40866,221],{"class":83},[69,40868,40869,40871,40873,40876],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,40870,110],{"class":109},[69,40872,113],{"class":83},[69,40874,40875],{"class":121},"total",[69,40877,221],{"class":83},[14,40879,643],{},[60,40881,40883],{"className":62,"code":40882,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"4.0\n",[17,40884,40885],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,40886,40887],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,40888,40882],{"class":87},[1369,40890,40892],{"id":40891},"convert-whole-numbers-to-floats","Convert whole numbers to floats",[14,40894,40895],{},"Sometimes a function or calculation expects float values:",[60,40897,40899],{"className":62,"code":40898,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"count = 7\nresult = float(count)\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,40900,40901,40911,40926,40930],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,40902,40903,40906,40908],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,40904,40905],{"class":75},"count ",[69,40907,80],{"class":79},[69,40909,40910],{"class":87}," 7\n",[69,40912,40913,40915,40917,40919,40921,40924],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,40914,839],{"class":75},[69,40916,80],{"class":79},[69,40918,39918],{"class":1126},[69,40920,113],{"class":83},[69,40922,40923],{"class":121},"count",[69,40925,221],{"class":83},[69,40927,40928],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,40929,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,40931,40932,40934,40936,40938],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,40933,110],{"class":109},[69,40935,113],{"class":83},[69,40937,876],{"class":121},[69,40939,221],{"class":83},[14,40941,643],{},[60,40943,40945],{"className":62,"code":40944,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"7.0\n",[17,40946,40947],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,40948,40949],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,40950,40944],{"class":87},[1369,40952,40954],{"id":40953},"convert-numbers-read-from-files-or-apis","Convert numbers read from files or APIs",[14,40956,40957,40958,40960],{},"Data often arrives as strings. ",[17,40959,2752],{}," helps turn that text into usable numbers.",[60,40962,40964],{"className":62,"code":40963,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"temperature_text = \"21.8\"\ntemperature = float(temperature_text)\n\nprint(temperature)\n",[17,40965,40966,40980,40996,41000],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,40967,40968,40971,40973,40975,40978],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,40969,40970],{"class":75},"temperature_text ",[69,40972,80],{"class":79},[69,40974,964],{"class":94},[69,40976,40977],{"class":336},"21.8",[69,40979,3224],{"class":94},[69,40981,40982,40985,40987,40989,40991,40994],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,40983,40984],{"class":75},"temperature ",[69,40986,80],{"class":79},[69,40988,39918],{"class":1126},[69,40990,113],{"class":83},[69,40992,40993],{"class":121},"temperature_text",[69,40995,221],{"class":83},[69,40997,40998],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,40999,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,41001,41002,41004,41006,41009],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,41003,110],{"class":109},[69,41005,113],{"class":83},[69,41007,41008],{"class":121},"temperature",[69,41010,221],{"class":83},[141,41012,41014],{"id":41013},"special-values","Special values",[14,41016,41017,41019],{},[17,41018,2752],{}," can also create some special floating-point values.",[1369,41021,41023],{"id":41022},"positive-infinity","Positive infinity",[60,41025,41027],{"className":62,"code":41026,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(float(\"inf\"))\n",[17,41028,41029],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,41030,41031,41033,41035,41037,41039,41041,41044,41046],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,41032,110],{"class":109},[69,41034,113],{"class":83},[69,41036,2060],{"class":1126},[69,41038,113],{"class":83},[69,41040,333],{"class":94},[69,41042,41043],{"class":336},"inf",[69,41045,333],{"class":94},[69,41047,342],{"class":83},[14,41049,643],{},[60,41051,41053],{"className":62,"code":41052,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"inf\n",[17,41054,41055],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,41056,41057],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,41058,41052],{"class":75},[1369,41060,41062],{"id":41061},"negative-infinity","Negative infinity",[60,41064,41066],{"className":62,"code":41065,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(float(\"-inf\"))\n",[17,41067,41068],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,41069,41070,41072,41074,41076,41078,41080,41083,41085],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,41071,110],{"class":109},[69,41073,113],{"class":83},[69,41075,2060],{"class":1126},[69,41077,113],{"class":83},[69,41079,333],{"class":94},[69,41081,41082],{"class":336},"-inf",[69,41084,333],{"class":94},[69,41086,342],{"class":83},[14,41088,643],{},[60,41090,41092],{"className":62,"code":41091,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"-inf\n",[17,41093,41094],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,41095,41096,41098],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,41097,1889],{"class":79},[69,41099,41052],{"class":75},[1369,41101,41103],{"id":41102},"not-a-number","Not a number",[60,41105,41107],{"className":62,"code":41106,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(float(\"nan\"))\n",[17,41108,41109],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,41110,41111,41113,41115,41117,41119,41121,41124,41126],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,41112,110],{"class":109},[69,41114,113],{"class":83},[69,41116,2060],{"class":1126},[69,41118,113],{"class":83},[69,41120,333],{"class":94},[69,41122,41123],{"class":336},"nan",[69,41125,333],{"class":94},[69,41127,342],{"class":83},[14,41129,643],{},[60,41131,41133],{"className":62,"code":41132,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"nan\n",[17,41134,41135],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,41136,41137],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,41138,41132],{"class":75},[14,41140,41141],{},"These values are valid floats, but they can be confusing at first:",[30,41143,41144,41149,41154],{},[33,41145,41146,41148],{},[17,41147,41043],{}," means positive infinity",[33,41150,41151,41153],{},[17,41152,41082],{}," means negative infinity",[33,41155,41156,41158],{},[17,41157,41123],{}," means “not a number”",[14,41160,41161,41162,41164],{},"Beginners usually do not need these right away, but it is helpful to know that ",[17,41163,2752],{}," accepts them.",[141,41166,41168],{"id":41167},"common-errors-and-fixes","Common errors and fixes",[14,41170,41171,41172,41174],{},"The most common problems with ",[17,41173,2752],{}," happen when the value is not in the right format.",[1369,41176,40367],{"id":41177},"valueerror",[14,41179,14835,41180,41182],{},[17,41181,40367],{}," happens when the value is the right general type, usually a string, but the string is not a valid number.",[14,41184,41185],{},"Common causes:",[30,41187,41188,41194,41197,41200],{},[33,41189,41190,41191],{},"Passing non-numeric text like ",[17,41192,41193],{},"\"abc\"",[33,41195,41196],{},"Trying to convert an empty string",[33,41198,41199],{},"Using a comma instead of a decimal point",[33,41201,4530,41202],{},[192,41203,41204,41206],{"href":7851},[17,41205,2825],{}," returns a string",[14,41208,2076],{},[60,41210,41212],{"className":62,"code":41211,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = \"abc\"\nprint(float(value))\n",[17,41213,41214,41227],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,41215,41216,41218,41220,41222,41225],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,41217,2313],{"class":75},[69,41219,80],{"class":79},[69,41221,964],{"class":94},[69,41223,41224],{"class":336},"abc",[69,41226,3224],{"class":94},[69,41228,41229,41231,41233,41235,41237,41239],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,41230,110],{"class":109},[69,41232,113],{"class":83},[69,41234,2060],{"class":1126},[69,41236,113],{"class":83},[69,41238,2339],{"class":121},[69,41240,342],{"class":83},[1369,41242,2870],{"id":41243},"typeerror",[14,41245,14835,41246,41248],{},[17,41247,2870],{}," happens when the value type cannot be converted directly.",[14,41250,41185],{},[30,41252,41253,41256,41259],{},[33,41254,41255],{},"Passing a list",[33,41257,41258],{},"Passing a dictionary",[33,41260,41261],{},"Passing another unsupported type",[14,41263,2076],{},[60,41265,41267],{"className":62,"code":41266,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = {\"price\": \"9.99\"}\nprint(float(value))\n",[17,41268,41269,41294],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,41270,41271,41273,41275,41277,41279,41281,41283,41285,41287,41290,41292],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,41272,2313],{"class":75},[69,41274,80],{"class":79},[69,41276,10128],{"class":83},[69,41278,333],{"class":94},[69,41280,24802],{"class":336},[69,41282,333],{"class":94},[69,41284,1044],{"class":83},[69,41286,964],{"class":94},[69,41288,41289],{"class":336},"9.99",[69,41291,333],{"class":94},[69,41293,8945],{"class":83},[69,41295,41296,41298,41300,41302,41304,41306],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,41297,110],{"class":109},[69,41299,113],{"class":83},[69,41301,2060],{"class":1126},[69,41303,113],{"class":83},[69,41305,2339],{"class":121},[69,41307,342],{"class":83},[1369,41309,41311],{"id":41310},"clean-the-string-first","Clean the string first",[14,41313,41314,41315,41318],{},"If the string may contain extra spaces, ",[17,41316,41317],{},"strip()"," can help:",[60,41320,41322],{"className":62,"code":41321,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = \"  7.25  \"\nclean_value = value.strip()\n\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[17,41323,41324,41337,41352,41356],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,41325,41326,41328,41330,41332,41335],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,41327,2313],{"class":75},[69,41329,80],{"class":79},[69,41331,964],{"class":94},[69,41333,41334],{"class":336},"  7.25  ",[69,41336,3224],{"class":94},[69,41338,41339,41342,41344,41346,41348,41350],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,41340,41341],{"class":75},"clean_value ",[69,41343,80],{"class":79},[69,41345,8066],{"class":75},[69,41347,25],{"class":83},[69,41349,8268],{"class":121},[69,41351,8277],{"class":83},[69,41353,41354],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,41355,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,41357,41358,41360,41362,41364,41366,41369],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,41359,110],{"class":109},[69,41361,113],{"class":83},[69,41363,2060],{"class":1126},[69,41365,113],{"class":83},[69,41367,41368],{"class":121},"clean_value",[69,41370,342],{"class":83},[14,41372,643],{},[60,41374,41376],{"className":62,"code":41375,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"7.25\n",[17,41377,41378],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,41379,41380],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,41381,41375],{"class":87},[1369,41383,41385],{"id":41384},"use-debugging-prints","Use debugging prints",[14,41387,41388],{},"If conversion fails, these checks are useful:",[60,41390,41392],{"className":62,"code":41391,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = \" 3.5 \"\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n\nclean_value = value.strip()\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[17,41393,41394,41407,41411,41421,41435,41450,41454,41468],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,41395,41396,41398,41400,41402,41405],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,41397,2313],{"class":75},[69,41399,80],{"class":79},[69,41401,964],{"class":94},[69,41403,41404],{"class":336}," 3.5 ",[69,41406,3224],{"class":94},[69,41408,41409],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,41410,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,41412,41413,41415,41417,41419],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,41414,110],{"class":109},[69,41416,113],{"class":83},[69,41418,2339],{"class":121},[69,41420,221],{"class":83},[69,41422,41423,41425,41427,41429,41431,41433],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,41424,110],{"class":109},[69,41426,113],{"class":83},[69,41428,3087],{"class":1126},[69,41430,113],{"class":83},[69,41432,2339],{"class":121},[69,41434,342],{"class":83},[69,41436,41437,41439,41441,41444,41446,41448],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,41438,110],{"class":109},[69,41440,113],{"class":83},[69,41442,41443],{"class":109},"repr",[69,41445,113],{"class":83},[69,41447,2339],{"class":121},[69,41449,342],{"class":83},[69,41451,41452],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,41453,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,41455,41456,41458,41460,41462,41464,41466],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,41457,41341],{"class":75},[69,41459,80],{"class":79},[69,41461,8066],{"class":75},[69,41463,25],{"class":83},[69,41465,8268],{"class":121},[69,41467,8277],{"class":83},[69,41469,41470,41472,41474,41476,41478,41480],{"class":71,"line":1269},[69,41471,110],{"class":109},[69,41473,113],{"class":83},[69,41475,2060],{"class":1126},[69,41477,113],{"class":83},[69,41479,41368],{"class":121},[69,41481,342],{"class":83},[14,41483,41484],{},"Why this helps:",[30,41486,41487,41493,41498,41504],{},[33,41488,41489,41492],{},[17,41490,41491],{},"print(value)"," shows the visible content",[33,41494,41495,21018],{},[17,41496,41497],{},"print(type(value))",[33,41499,41500,41503],{},[17,41501,41502],{},"print(repr(value))"," reveals hidden spaces or characters",[33,41505,41506,41508],{},[17,41507,41317],{}," removes spaces at the start and end",[1369,41510,41512],{"id":41511},"use-try-except-for-unsafe-input","Use try-except for unsafe input",[14,41514,41515],{},"If the value may not be valid, handle the error safely:",[60,41517,41519],{"className":62,"code":41518,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\ntry:\n    number = float(value)\n    print(\"Converted:\", number)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"That is not a valid number.\")\n",[17,41520,41521,41540,41544,41550,41565,41584,41593],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,41522,41523,41525,41527,41529,41531,41533,41536,41538],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,41524,2313],{"class":75},[69,41526,80],{"class":79},[69,41528,7874],{"class":109},[69,41530,113],{"class":83},[69,41532,333],{"class":94},[69,41534,41535],{"class":336},"Enter a number: ",[69,41537,333],{"class":94},[69,41539,221],{"class":83},[69,41541,41542],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,41543,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,41545,41546,41548],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,41547,29458],{"class":773},[69,41549,1235],{"class":83},[69,41551,41552,41555,41557,41559,41561,41563],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,41553,41554],{"class":75},"    number ",[69,41556,80],{"class":79},[69,41558,39918],{"class":1126},[69,41560,113],{"class":83},[69,41562,2339],{"class":121},[69,41564,221],{"class":83},[69,41566,41567,41569,41571,41573,41576,41578,41580,41582],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,41568,7700],{"class":109},[69,41570,113],{"class":83},[69,41572,333],{"class":94},[69,41574,41575],{"class":336},"Converted:",[69,41577,333],{"class":94},[69,41579,91],{"class":83},[69,41581,2065],{"class":121},[69,41583,221],{"class":83},[69,41585,41586,41588,41591],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,41587,29489],{"class":773},[69,41589,41590],{"class":1126}," ValueError",[69,41592,1235],{"class":83},[69,41594,41595,41597,41599,41601,41604,41606],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,41596,7700],{"class":109},[69,41598,113],{"class":83},[69,41600,333],{"class":94},[69,41602,41603],{"class":336},"That is not a valid number.",[69,41605,333],{"class":94},[69,41607,221],{"class":83},[14,41609,41610,41611,25],{},"If you are dealing with this exact error, see ",[192,41612,40559],{"href":40558},[141,41614,41616],{"id":41615},"float-vs-int","float() vs int()",[14,41618,10228,41619,587,41621,41623],{},[17,41620,2752],{},[17,41622,2746],{}," convert values to numbers, but they do not behave the same way.",[14,41625,41626,41628],{},[17,41627,2752],{}," creates decimal numbers:",[60,41630,41632],{"className":62,"code":41631,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(float(\"3.9\"))\n",[17,41633,41634],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,41635,41636,41638,41640,41642,41644,41646,41649,41651],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,41637,110],{"class":109},[69,41639,113],{"class":83},[69,41641,2060],{"class":1126},[69,41643,113],{"class":83},[69,41645,333],{"class":94},[69,41647,41648],{"class":336},"3.9",[69,41650,333],{"class":94},[69,41652,342],{"class":83},[14,41654,643],{},[60,41656,41658],{"className":62,"code":41657,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"3.9\n",[17,41659,41660],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,41661,41662],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,41663,41657],{"class":87},[14,41665,41666,41668],{},[17,41667,2746],{}," creates whole numbers:",[60,41670,41672],{"className":62,"code":41671,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(int(\"10\"))\n",[17,41673,41674],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,41675,41676,41678,41680,41682,41684,41686,41688,41690],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,41677,110],{"class":109},[69,41679,113],{"class":83},[69,41681,2056],{"class":1126},[69,41683,113],{"class":83},[69,41685,333],{"class":94},[69,41687,2197],{"class":336},[69,41689,333],{"class":94},[69,41691,342],{"class":83},[14,41693,643],{},[60,41695,41696],{"className":62,"code":2243,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,41697,41698],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,41699,41700],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,41701,2243],{"class":87},[14,41703,41704,41705,41708],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting ",[17,41706,41707],{},"int(\"3.9\")"," to work:",[60,41710,41712],{"className":62,"code":41711,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(int(\"3.9\"))\n",[17,41713,41714],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,41715,41716,41718,41720,41722,41724,41726,41728,41730],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,41717,110],{"class":109},[69,41719,113],{"class":83},[69,41721,2056],{"class":1126},[69,41723,113],{"class":83},[69,41725,333],{"class":94},[69,41727,41648],{"class":336},[69,41729,333],{"class":94},[69,41731,342],{"class":83},[14,41733,2867,41734,8235,41736,41739],{},[17,41735,40367],{},[17,41737,41738],{},"\"3.9\""," is not a valid integer string.",[14,41741,10351],{},[30,41743,41744,41750],{},[33,41745,41746,41749],{},[17,41747,41748],{},"float(\"3.9\")"," works",[33,41751,41752,41754],{},[17,41753,41707],{}," fails",[14,41756,41757,41758,41761,41762,41764],{},"If you want a full comparison, see ",[192,41759,41760],{"href":2743},"Python int() Function Explained",". You may also find ",[192,41763,2286],{"href":2285}," helpful.",[141,41766,1651],{"id":1650},[1369,41768,41770],{"id":41769},"what-does-float-return-in-python","What does float() return in Python?",[14,41772,41773,41774,54,41776,25],{},"It returns a floating-point number, such as ",[17,41775,2358],{},[17,41777,39806],{},[1369,41779,41781],{"id":41780},"can-float-convert-a-string","Can float() convert a string?",[14,41783,41784,41785,54,41788,25],{},"Yes, if the string contains a valid number like ",[17,41786,41787],{},"\"2.5\"",[17,41789,41790],{},"\"10\"",[1369,41792,41794],{"id":41793},"why-does-floatabc-fail","Why does float(\"abc\") fail?",[14,41796,28715,41797,41799,41800,25],{},[17,41798,41193],{}," is not a valid numeric string, so Python raises a ",[17,41801,40367],{},[1369,41803,41805],{"id":41804},"what-does-float-with-no-argument-return","What does float() with no argument return?",[14,41807,1658,41808,25],{},[17,41809,424],{},[1369,41811,41813],{"id":41812},"can-float-convert-true-and-false","Can float() convert True and False?",[14,41815,41816,41817,41819,41820,587,41823,41819,41825,25],{},"Yes. ",[17,41818,53],{}," becomes ",[17,41821,41822],{},"1.0",[17,41824,57],{},[17,41826,424],{},[141,41828,1771],{"id":1770},[30,41830,41831,41835,41841,41846,41850,41854],{},[33,41832,41833],{},[192,41834,41760],{"href":2743},[33,41836,41837],{},[192,41838,41840],{"href":41839},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained\u002F","Python str() Function Explained",[33,41842,41843],{},[192,41844,41845],{"href":40554},"How to convert a string to float in Python",[33,41847,41848],{},[192,41849,8693],{"href":8615},[33,41851,41852],{},[192,41853,40559],{"href":40558},[33,41855,41856],{},[192,41857,41858],{"href":7851},"Python input() Function Explained",[1802,41860,41861],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki 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.default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":41863},[41864,41865,41866,41867,41874,41879,41880,41887,41892,41899,41900,41907],{"id":1869,"depth":106,"text":1870},{"id":39853,"depth":106,"text":39854},{"id":2023,"depth":106,"text":2024},{"id":40078,"depth":106,"text":40079,"children":41868},[41869,41870,41871,41872,41873],{"id":40087,"depth":300,"text":40088},{"id":40151,"depth":300,"text":40152},{"id":40215,"depth":300,"text":40216},{"id":40257,"depth":300,"text":40258},{"id":40312,"depth":300,"text":40313},{"id":40351,"depth":106,"text":40352,"children":41875},[41876,41877,41878],{"id":40360,"depth":300,"text":40361},{"id":40446,"depth":300,"text":40447},{"id":40516,"depth":300,"text":40517},{"id":17066,"depth":106,"text":17067},{"id":40708,"depth":106,"text":40709,"children":41881},[41882,41884,41885,41886],{"id":40712,"depth":300,"text":41883},"Convert input() text into a decimal number",{"id":40805,"depth":300,"text":40806},{"id":40891,"depth":300,"text":40892},{"id":40953,"depth":300,"text":40954},{"id":41013,"depth":106,"text":41014,"children":41888},[41889,41890,41891],{"id":41022,"depth":300,"text":41023},{"id":41061,"depth":300,"text":41062},{"id":41102,"depth":300,"text":41103},{"id":41167,"depth":106,"text":41168,"children":41893},[41894,41895,41896,41897,41898],{"id":41177,"depth":300,"text":40367},{"id":41243,"depth":300,"text":2870},{"id":41310,"depth":300,"text":41311},{"id":41384,"depth":300,"text":41385},{"id":41511,"depth":300,"text":41512},{"id":41615,"depth":106,"text":41616},{"id":1650,"depth":106,"text":1651,"children":41901},[41902,41903,41904,41905,41906],{"id":41769,"depth":300,"text":41770},{"id":41780,"depth":300,"text":41781},{"id":41793,"depth":300,"text":41794},{"id":41804,"depth":300,"text":41805},{"id":41812,"depth":300,"text":41813},{"id":1770,"depth":106,"text":1771},"Master python float function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained",{"title":39754,"description":41908},"reference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained","QDhcZeHPZNHjvzUBG1y5YosAc2zbXVrHayPblHEmejE",{"id":41915,"title":41916,"body":41917,"description":43138,"extension":1828,"meta":43139,"navigation":833,"path":34682,"seo":43140,"stem":43141,"__hash__":43142},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained.md","Python help() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":41918,"toc":43104},[41919,41922,41927,41930,41932,41971,41985,41989,41994,41997,42014,42017,42027,42042,42045,42047,42050,42066,42069,42072,42092,42096,42107,42110,42114,42118,42132,42167,42171,42182,42217,42220,42222,42230,42263,42279,42281,42291,42312,42323,42325,42330,42333,42347,42349,42368,42371,42384,42387,42391,42395,42409,42412,42430,42433,42448,42452,42457,42471,42477,42479,42536,42538,42571,42574,42590,42594,42601,42605,42610,42613,42624,42628,42633,42648,42657,42662,42681,42684,42696,42698,42703,42713,42716,42745,42750,42759,42763,42768,42771,42775,42780,42782,42812,42815,42822,42827,42832,42836,42839,42847,42850,42928,42931,42953,42955,42959,42962,42966,42972,43035,43039,43047,43051,43054,43056,43081,43101],[10,41920,41916],{"id":41921},"python-help-function-explained",[14,41923,3447,41924,41926],{},[17,41925,34685],{}," function shows built-in documentation inside Python.",[14,41928,41929],{},"It is useful when you want to quickly inspect a function, class, method, or module without leaving the Python shell. For beginners, it is a simple way to check what something does, what arguments it accepts, and how it is meant to be used.",[141,41931,1870],{"id":1869},[60,41933,41935],{"className":62,"code":41934,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"help(len)\nhelp(str)\nhelp('modules')\n",[17,41936,41937,41947,41957],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,41938,41939,41941,41943,41945],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,41940,31808],{"class":109},[69,41942,113],{"class":83},[69,41944,10801],{"class":109},[69,41946,221],{"class":83},[69,41948,41949,41951,41953,41955],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,41950,31808],{"class":109},[69,41952,113],{"class":83},[69,41954,3309],{"class":1126},[69,41956,221],{"class":83},[69,41958,41959,41961,41963,41965,41967,41969],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,41960,31808],{"class":109},[69,41962,113],{"class":83},[69,41964,488],{"class":94},[69,41966,34316],{"class":336},[69,41968,488],{"class":94},[69,41970,221],{"class":83},[14,41972,132,41973,41975,41976,54,41978,41980,41981,41984],{},[17,41974,34685],{}," to view built-in documentation in the Python shell. Pass an object like ",[17,41977,10801],{},[17,41979,3309],{},", or use a string such as ",[17,41982,41983],{},"'modules'"," for special interactive help topics.",[141,41986,41988],{"id":41987},"what-help-does","What help() does",[14,41990,41991,41993],{},[17,41992,34685],{}," displays Python’s built-in documentation.",[14,41995,41996],{},"You can use it to inspect:",[30,41998,41999,42002,42005,42008,42011],{},[33,42000,42001],{},"Functions",[33,42003,42004],{},"Classes",[33,42006,42007],{},"Methods",[33,42009,42010],{},"Modules",[33,42012,42013],{},"Some Python keywords and help topics",[14,42015,42016],{},"It is most useful in the Python shell, IDLE, or another interactive environment.",[14,42018,42019,42020,42026],{},"For example, if you forget how ",[192,42021,42023],{"href":42022},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained\u002F",[17,42024,42025],{},"len()"," works, you can ask Python directly:",[60,42028,42030],{"className":62,"code":42029,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"help(len)\n",[17,42031,42032],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,42033,42034,42036,42038,42040],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,42035,31808],{"class":109},[69,42037,113],{"class":83},[69,42039,10801],{"class":109},[69,42041,221],{"class":83},[14,42043,42044],{},"This is helpful when you are learning because you can explore Python while you code.",[141,42046,2024],{"id":2023},[14,42048,42049],{},"The main form is:",[60,42051,42053],{"className":62,"code":42052,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"help(object)\n",[17,42054,42055],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,42056,42057,42059,42061,42064],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,42058,31808],{"class":109},[69,42060,113],{"class":83},[69,42062,42063],{"class":1126},"object",[69,42065,221],{"class":83},[14,42067,42068],{},"You pass in the thing you want to learn about.",[14,42070,42071],{},"Common examples include:",[30,42073,42074,42078,42083,42087],{},[33,42075,42076],{},[17,42077,10801],{},[33,42079,42080],{},[17,42081,42082],{},"list.append",[33,42084,42085],{},[17,42086,3309],{},[33,42088,42089],{},[17,42090,42091],{},"open",[14,42093,6803,42094,6806],{},[17,42095,34685],{},[60,42097,42099],{"className":62,"code":42098,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"help()\n",[17,42100,42101],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,42102,42103,42105],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,42104,31808],{"class":109},[69,42106,8277],{"class":83},[14,42108,42109],{},"This opens interactive help mode, where you can type help topics and search for information from inside Python.",[141,42111,42113],{"id":42112},"common-things-you-can-inspect","Common things you can inspect",[1369,42115,42117],{"id":42116},"built-in-functions","Built-in functions",[14,42119,42120,42121,2057,42123,2057,42125,16720,42128,25],{},"You can inspect built-in functions such as ",[17,42122,10801],{},[17,42124,110],{},[17,42126,42127],{},"input",[192,42129,42130],{"href":2165},[17,42131,2168],{},[60,42133,42135],{"className":62,"code":42134,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"help(print)\nhelp(input)\nhelp(type)\n",[17,42136,42137,42147,42157],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,42138,42139,42141,42143,42145],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,42140,31808],{"class":109},[69,42142,113],{"class":83},[69,42144,110],{"class":109},[69,42146,221],{"class":83},[69,42148,42149,42151,42153,42155],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,42150,31808],{"class":109},[69,42152,113],{"class":83},[69,42154,42127],{"class":109},[69,42156,221],{"class":83},[69,42158,42159,42161,42163,42165],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,42160,31808],{"class":109},[69,42162,113],{"class":83},[69,42164,3087],{"class":1126},[69,42166,221],{"class":83},[1369,42168,42170],{"id":42169},"data-types","Data types",[14,42172,42173,42174,2057,42176,2057,42178,16720,42180,25],{},"You can inspect types such as ",[17,42175,3309],{},[17,42177,7725],{},[17,42179,8456],{},[17,42181,1127],{},[60,42183,42185],{"className":62,"code":42184,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"help(str)\nhelp(list)\nhelp(dict)\n",[17,42186,42187,42197,42207],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,42188,42189,42191,42193,42195],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,42190,31808],{"class":109},[69,42192,113],{"class":83},[69,42194,3309],{"class":1126},[69,42196,221],{"class":83},[69,42198,42199,42201,42203,42205],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,42200,31808],{"class":109},[69,42202,113],{"class":83},[69,42204,7725],{"class":1126},[69,42206,221],{"class":83},[69,42208,42209,42211,42213,42215],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,42210,31808],{"class":109},[69,42212,113],{"class":83},[69,42214,8456],{"class":1126},[69,42216,221],{"class":83},[14,42218,42219],{},"This is useful when you want to see available methods and basic behavior for a type.",[1369,42221,42007],{"id":34163},[14,42223,42224,42225,587,42228,25],{},"You can inspect methods such as ",[17,42226,42227],{},"str.split",[17,42229,42082],{},[60,42231,42233],{"className":62,"code":42232,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"help(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\n",[17,42234,42235,42249],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,42236,42237,42239,42241,42243,42245,42247],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,42238,31808],{"class":109},[69,42240,113],{"class":83},[69,42242,3309],{"class":1126},[69,42244,25],{"class":83},[69,42246,34126],{"class":24402},[69,42248,221],{"class":83},[69,42250,42251,42253,42255,42257,42259,42261],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,42252,31808],{"class":109},[69,42254,113],{"class":83},[69,42256,7725],{"class":1126},[69,42258,25],{"class":83},[69,42260,13198],{"class":24402},[69,42262,221],{"class":83},[14,42264,42265,42266,8339,42268,27967,42273,42275,42276,42278],{},"If you are not sure what methods a type has, compare ",[17,42267,34685],{},[192,42269,42271],{"href":42270},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained\u002F",[17,42272,33968],{},[17,42274,33968],{}," shows available names, while ",[17,42277,34685],{}," explains one of them.",[1369,42280,42010],{"id":34316},[14,42282,42283,42284,2057,42286,16720,42288,25],{},"You can inspect modules such as ",[17,42285,18066],{},[17,42287,34848],{},[17,42289,42290],{},"os",[60,42292,42294],{"className":62,"code":42293,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"import math\nhelp(math)\n",[17,42295,42296,42302],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,42297,42298,42300],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,42299,34749],{"class":773},[69,42301,34752],{"class":75},[69,42303,42304,42306,42308,42310],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,42305,31808],{"class":109},[69,42307,113],{"class":83},[69,42309,18066],{"class":121},[69,42311,221],{"class":83},[14,42313,42314,42315,42319,42320,25],{},"If you are still learning imports, see ",[192,42316,42318],{"href":42317},"\u002Flearn\u002Fhow-import-works-in-python\u002F","how import works in Python",". For a beginner-friendly module example, see the ",[192,42321,34815],{"href":42322},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview\u002F",[141,42324,34576],{"id":34575},[14,42326,42327,42329],{},[17,42328,34685],{}," output can look long at first. Do not try to read everything.",[14,42331,42332],{},"Focus on these parts first:",[30,42334,42335,42338,42341,42344],{},[33,42336,42337],{},"The function signature",[33,42339,42340],{},"The short description",[33,42342,42343],{},"Parameter names",[33,42345,42346],{},"Return value details, when shown",[14,42348,244],{},[60,42350,42352],{"className":62,"code":42351,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"help(str.split)\n",[17,42353,42354],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,42355,42356,42358,42360,42362,42364,42366],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,42357,31808],{"class":109},[69,42359,113],{"class":83},[69,42361,3309],{"class":1126},[69,42363,25],{"class":83},[69,42365,34126],{"class":24402},[69,42367,221],{"class":83},[14,42369,42370],{},"When you read the output, look for:",[30,42372,42373,42376,42379,42381],{},[33,42374,42375],{},"What object this is",[33,42377,42378],{},"What arguments it accepts",[33,42380,21621],{},[33,42382,42383],{},"Short notes about how it behaves",[14,42385,42386],{},"A good beginner habit is to read the first few useful lines, then test the function yourself with a small example.",[141,42388,42390],{"id":42389},"when-help-is-useful","When help() is useful",[14,42392,42393,29528],{},[17,42394,34685],{},[30,42396,42397,42400,42403,42406],{},[33,42398,42399],{},"You forget how a built-in function works",[33,42401,42402],{},"You want to check method names on a type",[33,42404,42405],{},"You are exploring a new module",[33,42407,42408],{},"You want quick documentation while coding",[14,42410,42411],{},"For example, if you remember that strings have a method for splitting text but forget the exact details, you can run:",[60,42413,42414],{"className":62,"code":42351,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,42415,42416],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,42417,42418,42420,42422,42424,42426,42428],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,42419,31808],{"class":109},[69,42421,113],{"class":83},[69,42423,3309],{"class":1126},[69,42425,25],{"class":83},[69,42427,34126],{"class":24402},[69,42429,221],{"class":83},[14,42431,42432],{},"If you want to inspect file handling, you can also check:",[60,42434,42436],{"className":62,"code":42435,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"help(open)\n",[17,42437,42438],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,42439,42440,42442,42444,42446],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,42441,31808],{"class":109},[69,42443,113],{"class":83},[69,42445,42091],{"class":109},[69,42447,221],{"class":83},[141,42449,42451],{"id":42450},"limits-of-help","Limits of help()",[14,42453,42454,42456],{},[17,42455,34685],{}," is useful, but it has limits.",[30,42458,42459,42462,42465,42468],{},[33,42460,42461],{},"The output can feel dense for beginners",[33,42463,42464],{},"Some third-party libraries may have unclear or incomplete help text",[33,42466,42467],{},"It does not replace simple examples",[33,42469,42470],{},"It works best when combined with small practice programs",[14,42472,42473,42474,42476],{},"So, ",[17,42475,34685],{}," is great for quick checking, but you will usually learn faster if you also test what you read in short code examples.",[14,42478,244],{},[60,42480,42482],{"className":62,"code":42481,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"a,b,c\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[17,42483,42484,42497,42521,42525],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,42485,42486,42488,42490,42492,42495],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,42487,34345],{"class":75},[69,42489,80],{"class":79},[69,42491,964],{"class":94},[69,42493,42494],{"class":336},"a,b,c",[69,42496,3224],{"class":94},[69,42498,42499,42502,42504,42507,42509,42511,42513,42515,42517,42519],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,42500,42501],{"class":75},"parts ",[69,42503,80],{"class":79},[69,42505,42506],{"class":75}," text",[69,42508,25],{"class":83},[69,42510,34126],{"class":121},[69,42512,113],{"class":83},[69,42514,333],{"class":94},[69,42516,91],{"class":336},[69,42518,333],{"class":94},[69,42520,221],{"class":83},[69,42522,42523],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,42524,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,42526,42527,42529,42531,42534],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,42528,110],{"class":109},[69,42530,113],{"class":83},[69,42532,42533],{"class":121},"parts",[69,42535,221],{"class":83},[14,42537,345],{},[60,42539,42541],{"className":62,"code":42540,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[17,42542,42543],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,42544,42545,42547,42549,42551,42553,42555,42557,42559,42561,42563,42565,42567,42569],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,42546,3739],{"class":83},[69,42548,488],{"class":94},[69,42550,192],{"class":336},[69,42552,488],{"class":94},[69,42554,91],{"class":83},[69,42556,3161],{"class":94},[69,42558,4587],{"class":336},[69,42560,488],{"class":94},[69,42562,91],{"class":83},[69,42564,3161],{"class":94},[69,42566,9376],{"class":336},[69,42568,488],{"class":94},[69,42570,103],{"class":83},[14,42572,42573],{},"A good workflow is:",[28367,42575,42576,42581,42584,42587],{},[33,42577,132,42578,42580],{},[17,42579,34685],{}," to inspect something",[33,42582,42583],{},"Write a tiny example",[33,42585,42586],{},"Check the result",[33,42588,42589],{},"Repeat",[141,42591,42593],{"id":42592},"difference-between-help-and-dir","Difference between help() and dir()",[14,42595,42596,587,42598,42600],{},[17,42597,34685],{},[17,42599,33968],{}," are often used together, but they do different jobs.",[1369,42602,42603],{"id":31808},[17,42604,34685],{},[14,42606,132,42607,42609],{},[17,42608,34685],{}," when you want an explanation.",[14,42611,42612],{},"It tells you:",[30,42614,42615,42618,42621],{},[33,42616,42617],{},"What something is",[33,42619,42620],{},"How to use it",[33,42622,42623],{},"What parameters it accepts",[1369,42625,42626],{"id":34029},[17,42627,33968],{},[14,42629,132,42630,42632],{},[17,42631,33968],{}," when you want a list of available names or attributes.",[60,42634,42636],{"className":62,"code":42635,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"dir(str)\n",[17,42637,42638],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,42639,42640,42642,42644,42646],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,42641,34029],{"class":109},[69,42643,113],{"class":83},[69,42645,3309],{"class":1126},[69,42647,221],{"class":83},[14,42649,42650,42651,2057,42653,16720,42655,25],{},"This shows many string methods, such as ",[17,42652,34126],{},[17,42654,8268],{},[17,42656,8274],{},[14,42658,42659,42660,1044],{},"Then you can inspect one of them with ",[17,42661,34685],{},[60,42663,42665],{"className":62,"code":42664,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"help(str.lower)\n",[17,42666,42667],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,42668,42669,42671,42673,42675,42677,42679],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,42670,31808],{"class":109},[69,42672,113],{"class":83},[69,42674,3309],{"class":1126},[69,42676,25],{"class":83},[69,42678,8274],{"class":24402},[69,42680,221],{"class":83},[14,42682,42683],{},"A simple way to remember the difference:",[30,42685,42686,42691],{},[33,42687,132,42688,42690],{},[17,42689,33968],{}," to discover options",[33,42692,132,42693,42695],{},[17,42694,34685],{}," to understand one option",[141,42697,2698],{"id":2697},[14,42699,42700,42701,25],{},"Beginners often run into these small problems when using ",[17,42702,34685],{},[1369,42704,8050,42706,42709,42710],{"id":42705},"using-helplen-when-you-meant-helplen",[17,42707,42708],{},"help('len')"," when you meant ",[17,42711,42712],{},"help(len)",[14,42714,42715],{},"These are not always the same.",[60,42717,42719],{"className":62,"code":42718,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"help(len)\nhelp('len')\n",[17,42720,42721,42731],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,42722,42723,42725,42727,42729],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,42724,31808],{"class":109},[69,42726,113],{"class":83},[69,42728,10801],{"class":109},[69,42730,221],{"class":83},[69,42732,42733,42735,42737,42739,42741,42743],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,42734,31808],{"class":109},[69,42736,113],{"class":83},[69,42738,488],{"class":94},[69,42740,10801],{"class":336},[69,42742,488],{"class":94},[69,42744,221],{"class":83},[14,42746,42747,42749],{},[17,42748,42712],{}," asks for help on the actual function object.",[14,42751,42752,42754,42755,42758],{},[17,42753,42708],{}," treats ",[17,42756,42757],{},"'len'"," as a help topic string. That can work differently, so when you want to inspect a real function, use the function name without quotes.",[1369,42760,42762],{"id":42761},"expecting-short-example-based-output","Expecting short, example-based output",[14,42764,42765,42767],{},[17,42766,34685],{}," is documentation, not a tutorial.",[14,42769,42770],{},"The text may be longer and more technical than you expect. Start with the first lines, then test the function yourself.",[1369,42772,42774],{"id":42773},"running-help-in-a-script-and-not-noticing-where-output-goes","Running help() in a script and not noticing where output goes",[14,42776,40006,42777,42779],{},[17,42778,34685],{}," in a normal Python script, the documentation text is printed to the terminal or console.",[14,42781,2076],{},[60,42783,42785],{"className":62,"code":42784,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"help(len)\nprint(\"Done\")\n",[17,42786,42787,42797],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,42788,42789,42791,42793,42795],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,42790,31808],{"class":109},[69,42792,113],{"class":83},[69,42794,10801],{"class":109},[69,42796,221],{"class":83},[69,42798,42799,42801,42803,42805,42808,42810],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,42800,110],{"class":109},[69,42802,113],{"class":83},[69,42804,333],{"class":94},[69,42806,42807],{"class":336},"Done",[69,42809,333],{"class":94},[69,42811,221],{"class":83},[14,42813,42814],{},"You may not see a neat interactive display like you do in the Python shell.",[1369,42816,36865,42818,8339,42820],{"id":42817},"confusing-help-with-dir",[17,42819,34685],{},[17,42821,33968],{},[14,42823,42824,42825,25],{},"If you want a list of methods, use ",[17,42826,33968],{},[14,42828,42829,42830,25],{},"If you want an explanation of one method, use ",[17,42831,34685],{},[141,42833,42835],{"id":42834},"useful-commands-to-try","Useful commands to try",[14,42837,42838],{},"Open Python:",[60,42840,42841],{"className":62,"code":35201,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,42842,42843],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,42844,42845],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,42846,35201],{"class":75},[14,42848,42849],{},"Then test these commands:",[60,42851,42853],{"className":62,"code":42852,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"help(len)\nhelp(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\nhelp(open)\nhelp('keywords')\ndir(str)\n",[17,42854,42855,42865,42879,42893,42903,42918],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,42856,42857,42859,42861,42863],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,42858,31808],{"class":109},[69,42860,113],{"class":83},[69,42862,10801],{"class":109},[69,42864,221],{"class":83},[69,42866,42867,42869,42871,42873,42875,42877],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,42868,31808],{"class":109},[69,42870,113],{"class":83},[69,42872,3309],{"class":1126},[69,42874,25],{"class":83},[69,42876,34126],{"class":24402},[69,42878,221],{"class":83},[69,42880,42881,42883,42885,42887,42889,42891],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,42882,31808],{"class":109},[69,42884,113],{"class":83},[69,42886,7725],{"class":1126},[69,42888,25],{"class":83},[69,42890,13198],{"class":24402},[69,42892,221],{"class":83},[69,42894,42895,42897,42899,42901],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,42896,31808],{"class":109},[69,42898,113],{"class":83},[69,42900,42091],{"class":109},[69,42902,221],{"class":83},[69,42904,42905,42907,42909,42911,42914,42916],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,42906,31808],{"class":109},[69,42908,113],{"class":83},[69,42910,488],{"class":94},[69,42912,42913],{"class":336},"keywords",[69,42915,488],{"class":94},[69,42917,221],{"class":83},[69,42919,42920,42922,42924,42926],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,42921,34029],{"class":109},[69,42923,113],{"class":83},[69,42925,3309],{"class":1126},[69,42927,221],{"class":83},[14,42929,42930],{},"These are good starting points because they show different kinds of objects:",[30,42932,42933,42936,42939,42942,42945,42948],{},[33,42934,42935],{},"A built-in function",[33,42937,42938],{},"A string method",[33,42940,42941],{},"A list method",[33,42943,42944],{},"A built-in file function",[33,42946,42947],{},"A special help topic",[33,42949,14835,42950,42952],{},[17,42951,33968],{}," example for comparison",[141,42954,1651],{"id":1650},[1369,42956,42958],{"id":42957},"what-does-help-return-in-python","What does help() return in Python?",[14,42960,42961],{},"It mainly prints documentation text to the screen. It is used for inspection, not for producing a useful return value in normal beginner code.",[1369,42963,42965],{"id":42964},"can-i-use-help-on-my-own-functions","Can I use help() on my own functions?",[14,42967,42968,42969,42971],{},"Yes. You can pass your own function to ",[17,42970,34685],{}," to see its name, parameters, and docstring if it has one.",[60,42973,42975],{"className":62,"code":42974,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"def greet(name):\n    \"\"\"Return a friendly greeting.\"\"\"\n    return f\"Hello, {name}!\"\n\nhelp(greet)\n",[17,42976,42977,42989,43002,43021,43025],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,42978,42979,42981,42983,42985,42987],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,42980,34509],{"class":1932},[69,42982,34513],{"class":34512},[69,42984,113],{"class":83},[69,42986,7297],{"class":37324},[69,42988,7974],{"class":83},[69,42990,42991,42995,42999],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,42992,42994],{"class":42993},"s2W-s","    \"\"\"",[69,42996,42998],{"class":42997},"sithA","Return a friendly greeting.",[69,43000,43001],{"class":42993},"\"\"\"\n",[69,43003,43004,43006,43009,43012,43014,43016,43018],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,43005,34520],{"class":773},[69,43007,43008],{"class":1932}," f",[69,43010,43011],{"class":336},"\"Hello, ",[69,43013,8914],{"class":87},[69,43015,7297],{"class":75},[69,43017,21954],{"class":87},[69,43019,43020],{"class":336},"!\"\n",[69,43022,43023],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,43024,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,43026,43027,43029,43031,43033],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,43028,31808],{"class":109},[69,43030,113],{"class":83},[69,43032,34555],{"class":121},[69,43034,221],{"class":83},[1369,43036,43038],{"id":43037},"what-is-the-difference-between-helplen-and-helplen","What is the difference between help(len) and help('len')?",[14,43040,43041,43043,43044,43046],{},[17,43042,42712],{}," asks for documentation for the actual function object. ",[17,43045,42708],{}," treats the value as a help topic string, which is a different lookup style.",[1369,43048,43050],{"id":43049},"why-is-help-useful-for-beginners","Why is help() useful for beginners?",[14,43052,43053],{},"It gives quick built-in documentation inside Python, so you can check how something works without searching elsewhere first.",[141,43055,1771],{"id":1770},[30,43057,43058,43063,43067,43072,43077],{},[33,43059,43060],{},[192,43061,43062],{"href":42270},"Python dir() function explained",[33,43064,43065],{},[192,43066,8075],{"href":2165},[33,43068,43069],{},[192,43070,43071],{"href":42022},"Python len() function explained",[33,43073,43074],{},[192,43075,43076],{"href":42317},"How import works in Python",[33,43078,43079],{},[192,43080,34815],{"href":42322},[14,43082,43083,43084,43086,43087,2057,43089,16720,43091,43093,43094,54,43097,43100],{},"Try ",[17,43085,34685],{}," on three built-in functions you already know, such as ",[17,43088,10801],{},[17,43090,110],{},[17,43092,42127],{},". Then compare what you learn with ",[17,43095,43096],{},"dir(str)",[17,43098,43099],{},"dir(list)"," to build confidence exploring Python on your own.",[1802,43102,43103],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":43105},[43106,43107,43108,43109,43115,43116,43117,43118,43122,43130,43131,43137],{"id":1869,"depth":106,"text":1870},{"id":41987,"depth":106,"text":41988},{"id":2023,"depth":106,"text":2024},{"id":42112,"depth":106,"text":42113,"children":43110},[43111,43112,43113,43114],{"id":42116,"depth":300,"text":42117},{"id":42169,"depth":300,"text":42170},{"id":34163,"depth":300,"text":42007},{"id":34316,"depth":300,"text":42010},{"id":34575,"depth":106,"text":34576},{"id":42389,"depth":106,"text":42390},{"id":42450,"depth":106,"text":42451},{"id":42592,"depth":106,"text":42593,"children":43119},[43120,43121],{"id":31808,"depth":300,"text":34685},{"id":34029,"depth":300,"text":33968},{"id":2697,"depth":106,"text":2698,"children":43123},[43124,43126,43127,43128],{"id":42705,"depth":300,"text":43125},"Using help('len') when you meant help(len)",{"id":42761,"depth":300,"text":42762},{"id":42773,"depth":300,"text":42774},{"id":42817,"depth":300,"text":43129},"Confusing help() with dir()",{"id":42834,"depth":106,"text":42835},{"id":1650,"depth":106,"text":1651,"children":43132},[43133,43134,43135,43136],{"id":42957,"depth":300,"text":42958},{"id":42964,"depth":300,"text":42965},{"id":43037,"depth":300,"text":43038},{"id":43049,"depth":300,"text":43050},{"id":1770,"depth":106,"text":1771},"Master python help function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":41916,"description":43138},"reference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained","Vhkt5jzLBPMaA5aqAyYPSa-k-XAlASN-1vUAx7Hvu5k",{"id":43144,"title":43145,"body":43146,"description":44508,"extension":1828,"meta":44509,"navigation":833,"path":44510,"seo":44511,"stem":44512,"__hash__":44513},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained.md","Python id() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":43147,"toc":44481},[43148,43154,43159,43165,43175,43234,43244,43255,43260,43266,43268,43286,43294,43296,43298,43313,43316,43327,43329,43420,43423,43427,43432,43453,43455,43566,43568,43595,43606,43610,43613,43696,43698,43706,43712,43718,43722,43725,43835,43837,43850,43853,43867,43875,43882,43887,43901,43907,44020,44022,44083,44086,44092,44098,44101,44123,44126,44196,44199,44231,44238,44240,44243,44261,44264,44276,44282,44284,44289,44315,44318,44390,44392,44398,44401,44407,44410,44416,44426,44432,44435,44442,44445,44447,44478],[10,43149,3441,43151,3444],{"id":43150},"python-id-function-explained",[17,43152,43153],{},"id()",[14,43155,31973,43156,43158],{},[17,43157,43153],{}," function returns a number that identifies an object while that object exists.",[14,43160,43161,43162,43164],{},"Beginners usually see ",[17,43163,43153],{}," when learning how variables and objects work in Python. It can help you understand whether two variables point to the same object, especially with mutable objects like lists and dictionaries.",[14,43166,132,43167,43169,43170,43172,43173,25],{},[17,43168,43153],{}," for inspection and debugging. Do ",[22,43171,4457],{}," use it to compare normal values. For value comparison, use ",[17,43174,992],{},[60,43176,43178],{"className":62,"code":43177,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"name = \"Python\"\nprint(id(name))\n\nother = name\nprint(id(other))\n",[17,43179,43180,43192,43206,43210,43220],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,43181,43182,43184,43186,43188,43190],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,43183,7507],{"class":75},[69,43185,80],{"class":79},[69,43187,964],{"class":94},[69,43189,6925],{"class":336},[69,43191,3224],{"class":94},[69,43193,43194,43196,43198,43200,43202,43204],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,43195,110],{"class":109},[69,43197,113],{"class":83},[69,43199,12292],{"class":109},[69,43201,113],{"class":83},[69,43203,7297],{"class":121},[69,43205,342],{"class":83},[69,43207,43208],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,43209,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,43211,43212,43215,43217],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,43213,43214],{"class":75},"other ",[69,43216,80],{"class":79},[69,43218,43219],{"class":75}," name\n",[69,43221,43222,43224,43226,43228,43230,43232],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,43223,110],{"class":109},[69,43225,113],{"class":83},[69,43227,12292],{"class":109},[69,43229,113],{"class":83},[69,43231,30398],{"class":121},[69,43233,342],{"class":83},[14,43235,43236,43237,43240,43241,43243],{},"In this example, ",[17,43238,43239],{},"other = name"," makes both variables refer to the same object, so the two ",[17,43242,43153],{}," values match.",[43245,43246,43247],"blockquote",{},[14,43248,132,43249,43251,43252,43254],{},[17,43250,43153],{}," to inspect object identity. Do not use it to check whether two values are equal. Use ",[17,43253,992],{}," for value comparison.",[141,43256,3540,43258,3543],{"id":43257},"what-id-does",[17,43259,43153],{},[14,43261,43262,43265],{},[17,43263,43264],{},"id(obj)"," returns an integer that identifies an object during its lifetime.",[14,43267,12696],{},[30,43269,43270,43273,43280,43283],{},[33,43271,43272],{},"The returned value is unique for that object while it exists",[33,43274,43275,43276,43279],{},"It shows ",[22,43277,43278],{},"object identity",", not object value",[33,43281,43282],{},"Beginners mostly use it for learning and debugging",[33,43284,43285],{},"It is helpful when you want to see whether two names refer to the same object",[14,43287,43288,43289,43293],{},"This is closely related to how ",[192,43290,43292],{"href":43291},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-variables-explained-for-beginners","Python variables work",". A variable does not store a value in the same way a box stores an item. Instead, it refers to an object.",[141,43295,2024],{"id":2023},[14,43297,204],{},[60,43299,43301],{"className":62,"code":43300,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"id(object)\n",[17,43302,43303],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,43304,43305,43307,43309,43311],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,43306,12292],{"class":109},[69,43308,113],{"class":83},[69,43310,42063],{"class":1126},[69,43312,221],{"class":83},[14,43314,43315],{},"Important details:",[30,43317,43318,43321,43324],{},[33,43319,43320],{},"It takes one argument",[33,43322,43323],{},"It returns an integer",[33,43325,43326],{},"It works with strings, numbers, lists, dictionaries, functions, and other objects",[14,43328,2076],{},[60,43330,43332],{"className":62,"code":43331,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"hello\"\nnumber = 42\nitems = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(id(text))\nprint(id(number))\nprint(id(items))\n",[17,43333,43334,43346,43354,43374,43378,43392,43406],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,43335,43336,43338,43340,43342,43344],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,43337,34345],{"class":75},[69,43339,80],{"class":79},[69,43341,964],{"class":94},[69,43343,337],{"class":336},[69,43345,3224],{"class":94},[69,43347,43348,43350,43352],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,43349,1334],{"class":75},[69,43351,80],{"class":79},[69,43353,2636],{"class":87},[69,43355,43356,43358,43360,43362,43364,43366,43368,43370,43372],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,43357,7409],{"class":75},[69,43359,80],{"class":79},[69,43361,84],{"class":83},[69,43363,473],{"class":87},[69,43365,91],{"class":83},[69,43367,316],{"class":87},[69,43369,91],{"class":83},[69,43371,516],{"class":87},[69,43373,103],{"class":83},[69,43375,43376],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,43377,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,43379,43380,43382,43384,43386,43388,43390],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,43381,110],{"class":109},[69,43383,113],{"class":83},[69,43385,12292],{"class":109},[69,43387,113],{"class":83},[69,43389,34366],{"class":121},[69,43391,342],{"class":83},[69,43393,43394,43396,43398,43400,43402,43404],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,43395,110],{"class":109},[69,43397,113],{"class":83},[69,43399,12292],{"class":109},[69,43401,113],{"class":83},[69,43403,2106],{"class":121},[69,43405,342],{"class":83},[69,43407,43408,43410,43412,43414,43416,43418],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,43409,110],{"class":109},[69,43411,113],{"class":83},[69,43413,12292],{"class":109},[69,43415,113],{"class":83},[69,43417,7440],{"class":121},[69,43419,342],{"class":83},[14,43421,43422],{},"Expected output will be three integers. The exact numbers will be different on your computer.",[141,43424,43426],{"id":43425},"object-identity-vs-value","Object identity vs value",[14,43428,43429,43430,25],{},"This is the most important idea behind ",[17,43431,43153],{},[30,43433,43434,43441,43448],{},[33,43435,43436,43438,43439],{},[17,43437,992],{}," checks whether two objects have the same ",[22,43440,2339],{},[33,43442,43443,43445,43446],{},[17,43444,11836],{}," checks whether two variables refer to the same ",[22,43447,42063],{},[33,43449,43450,43452],{},[17,43451,43153],{}," lets you inspect that identity as an integer",[14,43454,2076],{},[60,43456,43458],{"className":62,"code":43457,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(a == b)   # True\nprint(a is b)   # False\nprint(id(a))\nprint(id(b))\n",[17,43459,43460,43480,43500,43504,43521,43538,43552],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,43461,43462,43464,43466,43468,43470,43472,43474,43476,43478],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,43463,2421],{"class":75},[69,43465,80],{"class":79},[69,43467,84],{"class":83},[69,43469,473],{"class":87},[69,43471,91],{"class":83},[69,43473,316],{"class":87},[69,43475,91],{"class":83},[69,43477,516],{"class":87},[69,43479,103],{"class":83},[69,43481,43482,43484,43486,43488,43490,43492,43494,43496,43498],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,43483,2449],{"class":75},[69,43485,80],{"class":79},[69,43487,84],{"class":83},[69,43489,473],{"class":87},[69,43491,91],{"class":83},[69,43493,316],{"class":87},[69,43495,91],{"class":83},[69,43497,516],{"class":87},[69,43499,103],{"class":83},[69,43501,43502],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,43503,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,43505,43506,43508,43510,43512,43514,43516,43518],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,43507,110],{"class":109},[69,43509,113],{"class":83},[69,43511,2421],{"class":121},[69,43513,992],{"class":79},[69,43515,2426],{"class":121},[69,43517,3525],{"class":83},[69,43519,43520],{"class":128},"   # True\n",[69,43522,43523,43525,43527,43529,43531,43533,43535],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,43524,110],{"class":109},[69,43526,113],{"class":83},[69,43528,2421],{"class":121},[69,43530,11836],{"class":773},[69,43532,2426],{"class":121},[69,43534,3525],{"class":83},[69,43536,43537],{"class":128},"   # False\n",[69,43539,43540,43542,43544,43546,43548,43550],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,43541,110],{"class":109},[69,43543,113],{"class":83},[69,43545,12292],{"class":109},[69,43547,113],{"class":83},[69,43549,192],{"class":121},[69,43551,342],{"class":83},[69,43553,43554,43556,43558,43560,43562,43564],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,43555,110],{"class":109},[69,43557,113],{"class":83},[69,43559,12292],{"class":109},[69,43561,113],{"class":83},[69,43563,4587],{"class":121},[69,43565,342],{"class":83},[14,43567,2046],{},[30,43569,43570,43578,43586],{},[33,43571,43572,4610,43575,43577],{},[17,43573,43574],{},"a == b",[17,43576,53],{}," because both lists contain the same values",[33,43579,43580,4610,43583,43585],{},[17,43581,43582],{},"a is b",[17,43584,57],{}," because they are different list objects",[33,43587,43588,587,43591,43594],{},[17,43589,43590],{},"id(a)",[17,43592,43593],{},"id(b)"," are usually different",[14,43596,43597,43598,587,43602,25],{},"If this topic feels confusing, it helps to read about ",[192,43599,43601],{"href":43600},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types","mutability in Python",[192,43603,43605],{"href":43604},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview","Python data types",[141,43607,43609],{"id":43608},"simple-example-with-shared-references","Simple example with shared references",[14,43611,43612],{},"When you assign one variable to another, both names can refer to the same object.",[60,43614,43616],{"className":62,"code":43615,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nother_numbers = numbers\n\nprint(id(numbers))\nprint(id(other_numbers))\nprint(numbers is other_numbers)\n",[17,43617,43618,43638,43648,43652,43666,43681],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,43619,43620,43622,43624,43626,43628,43630,43632,43634,43636],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,43621,801],{"class":75},[69,43623,80],{"class":79},[69,43625,84],{"class":83},[69,43627,2197],{"class":87},[69,43629,91],{"class":83},[69,43631,7420],{"class":87},[69,43633,91],{"class":83},[69,43635,7425],{"class":87},[69,43637,103],{"class":83},[69,43639,43640,43643,43645],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,43641,43642],{"class":75},"other_numbers ",[69,43644,80],{"class":79},[69,43646,43647],{"class":75}," numbers\n",[69,43649,43650],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,43651,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,43653,43654,43656,43658,43660,43662,43664],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,43655,110],{"class":109},[69,43657,113],{"class":83},[69,43659,12292],{"class":109},[69,43661,113],{"class":83},[69,43663,3512],{"class":121},[69,43665,342],{"class":83},[69,43667,43668,43670,43672,43674,43676,43679],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,43669,110],{"class":109},[69,43671,113],{"class":83},[69,43673,12292],{"class":109},[69,43675,113],{"class":83},[69,43677,43678],{"class":121},"other_numbers",[69,43680,342],{"class":83},[69,43682,43683,43685,43687,43689,43691,43694],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,43684,110],{"class":109},[69,43686,113],{"class":83},[69,43688,801],{"class":121},[69,43690,11836],{"class":773},[69,43692,43693],{"class":121}," other_numbers",[69,43695,221],{"class":83},[14,43697,345],{},[60,43699,43700],{"className":62,"code":355,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,43701,43702],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,43703,43704],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,43705,355],{"class":289},[14,43707,43708,43709,43711],{},"The two ",[17,43710,43153],{}," values will also match.",[14,43713,21840,43714,43717],{},[17,43715,43716],{},"other_numbers = numbers"," does not create a new list. It creates a second reference to the same list.",[141,43719,43721],{"id":43720},"example-with-separate-objects","Example with separate objects",[14,43723,43724],{},"Now compare that with two separate lists that contain the same values.",[60,43726,43728],{"className":62,"code":43727,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"list_a = [1, 2, 3]\nlist_b = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(list_a == list_b)\nprint(list_a is list_b)\nprint(id(list_a))\nprint(id(list_b))\n",[17,43729,43730,43751,43772,43776,43791,43805,43820],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,43731,43732,43735,43737,43739,43741,43743,43745,43747,43749],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,43733,43734],{"class":75},"list_a ",[69,43736,80],{"class":79},[69,43738,84],{"class":83},[69,43740,473],{"class":87},[69,43742,91],{"class":83},[69,43744,316],{"class":87},[69,43746,91],{"class":83},[69,43748,516],{"class":87},[69,43750,103],{"class":83},[69,43752,43753,43756,43758,43760,43762,43764,43766,43768,43770],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,43754,43755],{"class":75},"list_b ",[69,43757,80],{"class":79},[69,43759,84],{"class":83},[69,43761,473],{"class":87},[69,43763,91],{"class":83},[69,43765,316],{"class":87},[69,43767,91],{"class":83},[69,43769,516],{"class":87},[69,43771,103],{"class":83},[69,43773,43774],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,43775,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,43777,43778,43780,43782,43784,43786,43789],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,43779,110],{"class":109},[69,43781,113],{"class":83},[69,43783,43734],{"class":121},[69,43785,992],{"class":79},[69,43787,43788],{"class":121}," list_b",[69,43790,221],{"class":83},[69,43792,43793,43795,43797,43799,43801,43803],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,43794,110],{"class":109},[69,43796,113],{"class":83},[69,43798,43734],{"class":121},[69,43800,11836],{"class":773},[69,43802,43788],{"class":121},[69,43804,221],{"class":83},[69,43806,43807,43809,43811,43813,43815,43818],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,43808,110],{"class":109},[69,43810,113],{"class":83},[69,43812,12292],{"class":109},[69,43814,113],{"class":83},[69,43816,43817],{"class":121},"list_a",[69,43819,342],{"class":83},[69,43821,43822,43824,43826,43828,43830,43833],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,43823,110],{"class":109},[69,43825,113],{"class":83},[69,43827,12292],{"class":109},[69,43829,113],{"class":83},[69,43831,43832],{"class":121},"list_b",[69,43834,342],{"class":83},[14,43836,345],{},[60,43838,43840],{"className":62,"code":43839,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"True\nFalse\n",[17,43841,43842,43846],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,43843,43844],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,43845,355],{"class":289},[69,43847,43848],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,43849,360],{"class":289},[14,43851,43852],{},"What this means:",[30,43854,43855,43858,43861],{},[33,43856,43857],{},"The lists are equal in value",[33,43859,43860],{},"They are not the same object",[33,43862,43863,43864,43866],{},"Their ",[17,43865,43153],{}," values are usually different",[14,43868,43869,43870,43872,43873,25],{},"This is why ",[17,43871,43153],{}," should not replace ",[17,43874,992],{},[141,43876,43878,43879,43881],{"id":43877},"when-id-is-useful","When ",[17,43880,43153],{}," is useful",[14,43883,43884,43886],{},[17,43885,43153],{}," can be useful in a few situations:",[30,43888,43889,43892,43895,43898],{},[33,43890,43891],{},"Checking whether two variables refer to the same object",[33,43893,43894],{},"Understanding mutable objects like lists and dictionaries",[33,43896,43897],{},"Debugging code that changes data in place",[33,43899,43900],{},"Learning how assignment works in Python",[14,43902,43903,43904,43906],{},"For example, if a list changes unexpectedly, ",[17,43905,43153],{}," can help you see whether two variables point to the same list:",[60,43908,43910],{"className":62,"code":43909,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"original = [\"a\", \"b\"]\ncopy_ref = original\n\ncopy_ref.append(\"c\")\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copy_ref)\nprint(id(original))\nprint(id(copy_ref))\n",[17,43911,43912,43936,43945,43949,43968,43972,43982,43992,44006],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,43913,43914,43916,43918,43920,43922,43924,43926,43928,43930,43932,43934],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,43915,11728],{"class":75},[69,43917,80],{"class":79},[69,43919,84],{"class":83},[69,43921,333],{"class":94},[69,43923,192],{"class":336},[69,43925,333],{"class":94},[69,43927,91],{"class":83},[69,43929,964],{"class":94},[69,43931,4587],{"class":336},[69,43933,333],{"class":94},[69,43935,103],{"class":83},[69,43937,43938,43941,43943],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,43939,43940],{"class":75},"copy_ref ",[69,43942,80],{"class":79},[69,43944,11766],{"class":75},[69,43946,43947],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,43948,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,43950,43951,43954,43956,43958,43960,43962,43964,43966],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,43952,43953],{"class":75},"copy_ref",[69,43955,25],{"class":83},[69,43957,13198],{"class":121},[69,43959,113],{"class":83},[69,43961,333],{"class":94},[69,43963,9376],{"class":336},[69,43965,333],{"class":94},[69,43967,221],{"class":83},[69,43969,43970],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,43971,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,43973,43974,43976,43978,43980],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,43975,110],{"class":109},[69,43977,113],{"class":83},[69,43979,11775],{"class":121},[69,43981,221],{"class":83},[69,43983,43984,43986,43988,43990],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,43985,110],{"class":109},[69,43987,113],{"class":83},[69,43989,43953],{"class":121},[69,43991,221],{"class":83},[69,43993,43994,43996,43998,44000,44002,44004],{"class":71,"line":1269},[69,43995,110],{"class":109},[69,43997,113],{"class":83},[69,43999,12292],{"class":109},[69,44001,113],{"class":83},[69,44003,11775],{"class":121},[69,44005,342],{"class":83},[69,44007,44008,44010,44012,44014,44016,44018],{"class":71,"line":1275},[69,44009,110],{"class":109},[69,44011,113],{"class":83},[69,44013,12292],{"class":109},[69,44015,113],{"class":83},[69,44017,43953],{"class":121},[69,44019,342],{"class":83},[14,44021,345],{},[60,44023,44025],{"className":62,"code":44024,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[17,44026,44027,44055],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,44028,44029,44031,44033,44035,44037,44039,44041,44043,44045,44047,44049,44051,44053],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,44030,3739],{"class":83},[69,44032,488],{"class":94},[69,44034,192],{"class":336},[69,44036,488],{"class":94},[69,44038,91],{"class":83},[69,44040,3161],{"class":94},[69,44042,4587],{"class":336},[69,44044,488],{"class":94},[69,44046,91],{"class":83},[69,44048,3161],{"class":94},[69,44050,9376],{"class":336},[69,44052,488],{"class":94},[69,44054,103],{"class":83},[69,44056,44057,44059,44061,44063,44065,44067,44069,44071,44073,44075,44077,44079,44081],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,44058,3739],{"class":83},[69,44060,488],{"class":94},[69,44062,192],{"class":336},[69,44064,488],{"class":94},[69,44066,91],{"class":83},[69,44068,3161],{"class":94},[69,44070,4587],{"class":336},[69,44072,488],{"class":94},[69,44074,91],{"class":83},[69,44076,3161],{"class":94},[69,44078,9376],{"class":336},[69,44080,488],{"class":94},[69,44082,103],{"class":83},[14,44084,44085],{},"Both variables show the same updated list because they refer to the same object.",[141,44087,44089,44090],{"id":44088},"when-not-to-use-id","When not to use ",[17,44091,43153],{},[14,44093,44094,44095,44097],{},"Do not use ",[17,44096,43153],{}," as a normal comparison tool.",[14,44099,44100],{},"Avoid these mistakes:",[30,44102,44103,44109,44115,44118],{},[33,44104,44105,44106,44108],{},"Do not use it instead of ",[17,44107,992],{}," for strings, numbers, lists, or other normal values",[33,44110,44111,44112,44114],{},"Do not store or depend on ",[17,44113,43153],{}," values across program runs",[33,44116,44117],{},"Do not assume the integer has a meaning you should interpret",[33,44119,44120,44121],{},"Do not build unnecessary program logic around ",[17,44122,43153],{},[14,44124,44125],{},"Bad example:",[60,44127,44129],{"className":62,"code":44128,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = \"cat\"\nb = \"cat\"\n\nif id(a) == id(b):\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[17,44130,44131,44143,44155,44159,44181],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,44132,44133,44135,44137,44139,44141],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,44134,2421],{"class":75},[69,44136,80],{"class":79},[69,44138,964],{"class":94},[69,44140,36708],{"class":336},[69,44142,3224],{"class":94},[69,44144,44145,44147,44149,44151,44153],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,44146,2449],{"class":75},[69,44148,80],{"class":79},[69,44150,964],{"class":94},[69,44152,36708],{"class":336},[69,44154,3224],{"class":94},[69,44156,44157],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,44158,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,44160,44161,44163,44165,44167,44169,44171,44173,44175,44177,44179],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,44162,6625],{"class":773},[69,44164,14462],{"class":109},[69,44166,113],{"class":83},[69,44168,192],{"class":121},[69,44170,3525],{"class":83},[69,44172,1251],{"class":79},[69,44174,14462],{"class":109},[69,44176,113],{"class":83},[69,44178,4587],{"class":121},[69,44180,7974],{"class":83},[69,44182,44183,44185,44187,44189,44192,44194],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,44184,7700],{"class":109},[69,44186,113],{"class":83},[69,44188,333],{"class":94},[69,44190,44191],{"class":336},"The values are equal",[69,44193,333],{"class":94},[69,44195,221],{"class":83},[14,44197,44198],{},"This is the wrong test. Use:",[60,44200,44202],{"className":62,"code":44201,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"if a == b:\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[17,44203,44204,44217],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,44205,44206,44208,44211,44213,44215],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,44207,6625],{"class":773},[69,44209,44210],{"class":75}," a ",[69,44212,992],{"class":79},[69,44214,2426],{"class":75},[69,44216,1235],{"class":83},[69,44218,44219,44221,44223,44225,44227,44229],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,44220,7700],{"class":109},[69,44222,113],{"class":83},[69,44224,333],{"class":94},[69,44226,44191],{"class":336},[69,44228,333],{"class":94},[69,44230,221],{"class":83},[14,44232,132,44233,54,44235,44237],{},[17,44234,11836],{},[17,44236,43153],{}," only when identity actually matters.",[141,44239,20451],{"id":20450},[14,44241,44242],{},"There are a few details that can confuse beginners:",[30,44244,44245,44248,44251,44256],{},[33,44246,44247],{},"Some small values may appear to share identities because Python can reuse objects",[33,44249,44250],{},"That behavior can vary between Python implementations",[33,44252,44253,44254],{},"Do not assume equal immutable values always have the same ",[17,44255,43153],{},[33,44257,44258,44259],{},"Do not assume they always have different ",[17,44260,43153],{},[14,44262,44263],{},"The important rule is:",[30,44265,44266,44271],{},[33,44267,132,44268,44270],{},[17,44269,992],{}," to check value",[33,44272,132,44273,44275],{},[17,44274,11836],{}," to check identity",[14,44277,44278,44279,44281],{},"In everyday Python code, ",[17,44280,43153],{}," is mainly an inspection tool. It is not something you use all the time.",[141,44283,2698],{"id":2697},[14,44285,44286,44287,1044],{},"Here are common beginner mistakes with ",[17,44288,43153],{},[30,44290,44291,44299,44302,44305,44310],{},[33,44292,8050,44293,44295,44296,44298],{},[17,44294,43153],{}," when ",[17,44297,992],{}," should be used",[33,44300,44301],{},"Confusing identity with equality",[33,44303,44304],{},"Thinking the returned integer is a memory address you should rely on",[33,44306,44307,44308],{},"Assuming equal immutable values always have different or always have the same ",[17,44309,43153],{},[33,44311,8050,44312,44314],{},[17,44313,43153],{}," to make program logic decisions unnecessarily",[14,44316,44317],{},"If you are debugging, these commands are often helpful:",[60,44319,44321],{"className":62,"code":44320,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(id(my_object))\nprint(a == b)\nprint(a is b)\nprint(type(my_object))\nhelp(id)\n",[17,44322,44323,44338,44352,44366,44380],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,44324,44325,44327,44329,44331,44333,44336],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,44326,110],{"class":109},[69,44328,113],{"class":83},[69,44330,12292],{"class":109},[69,44332,113],{"class":83},[69,44334,44335],{"class":121},"my_object",[69,44337,342],{"class":83},[69,44339,44340,44342,44344,44346,44348,44350],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,44341,110],{"class":109},[69,44343,113],{"class":83},[69,44345,2421],{"class":121},[69,44347,992],{"class":79},[69,44349,2426],{"class":121},[69,44351,221],{"class":83},[69,44353,44354,44356,44358,44360,44362,44364],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,44355,110],{"class":109},[69,44357,113],{"class":83},[69,44359,2421],{"class":121},[69,44361,11836],{"class":773},[69,44363,2426],{"class":121},[69,44365,221],{"class":83},[69,44367,44368,44370,44372,44374,44376,44378],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,44369,110],{"class":109},[69,44371,113],{"class":83},[69,44373,3087],{"class":1126},[69,44375,113],{"class":83},[69,44377,44335],{"class":121},[69,44379,342],{"class":83},[69,44381,44382,44384,44386,44388],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,44383,31808],{"class":109},[69,44385,113],{"class":83},[69,44387,12292],{"class":109},[69,44389,221],{"class":83},[141,44391,1651],{"id":1650},[1369,44393,44395,44396,12359],{"id":44394},"what-does-python-id-return","What does Python ",[17,44397,43153],{},[14,44399,44400],{},"It returns an integer that identifies an object for as long as that object exists.",[1369,44402,14549,44404,44406],{"id":44403},"is-id-the-same-as-a-memory-address",[17,44405,43153],{}," the same as a memory address?",[14,44408,44409],{},"In CPython, it is often related to the memory address, but beginners should treat it as an identity value, not as something to depend on.",[1369,44411,21071,44413,44415],{"id":44412},"should-i-use-id-to-compare-two-values",[17,44414,43153],{}," to compare two values?",[14,44417,29925,44418,44420,44421,54,44423,44425],{},[17,44419,992],{}," to compare values. Use ",[17,44422,43153],{},[17,44424,11836],{}," only when you need to know whether two variables refer to the same object.",[1369,44427,44429,44430,2359],{"id":44428},"why-do-two-variables-sometimes-have-the-same-id","Why do two variables sometimes have the same ",[17,44431,43153],{},[14,44433,44434],{},"Because they can point to the same object.",[1369,44436,44438,44439,44441],{"id":44437},"why-do-equal-lists-have-different-id-values","Why do equal lists have different ",[17,44440,43153],{}," values?",[14,44443,44444],{},"Because they can store the same values but still be separate objects.",[141,44446,1771],{"id":1770},[30,44448,44449,44454,44459,44464,44472],{},[33,44450,44451],{},[192,44452,44453],{"href":43291},"Python variables explained for beginners",[33,44455,44456],{},[192,44457,44458],{"href":43600},"Mutability in Python: mutable vs immutable types",[33,44460,44461],{},[192,44462,44463],{"href":43604},"Python data types overview",[33,44465,44466],{},[192,44467,3441,44469,1780],{"href":44468},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained",[17,44470,44471],{},"isinstance()",[33,44473,44474],{},[192,44475,44477],{"href":44476},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-functions-explained","Python functions explained",[1802,44479,44480],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":44482},[44483,44485,44486,44487,44488,44489,44491,44493,44494,44495,44507],{"id":43257,"depth":106,"text":44484},"What id() does",{"id":2023,"depth":106,"text":2024},{"id":43425,"depth":106,"text":43426},{"id":43608,"depth":106,"text":43609},{"id":43720,"depth":106,"text":43721},{"id":43877,"depth":106,"text":44490},"When id() is useful",{"id":44088,"depth":106,"text":44492},"When not to use id()",{"id":20450,"depth":106,"text":20451},{"id":2697,"depth":106,"text":2698},{"id":1650,"depth":106,"text":1651,"children":44496},[44497,44499,44501,44503,44505],{"id":44394,"depth":300,"text":44498},"What does Python id() return?",{"id":44403,"depth":300,"text":44500},"Is id() the same as a memory address?",{"id":44412,"depth":300,"text":44502},"Should I use id() to compare two values?",{"id":44428,"depth":300,"text":44504},"Why do two variables sometimes have the same id()?",{"id":44437,"depth":300,"text":44506},"Why do equal lists have different id() values?",{"id":1770,"depth":106,"text":1771},"Master python id function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained",{"title":43145,"description":44508},"reference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained","urpvIG90OiBF3OAxMd-CGWa-9xnfjJsWk0ZM8U_FOZA",{"id":44515,"title":41858,"body":44516,"description":46156,"extension":1828,"meta":46157,"navigation":833,"path":46158,"seo":46159,"stem":46160,"__hash__":46161},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":44517,"toc":46122},[44518,44523,44528,44531,44533,44576,44581,44584,44589,44594,44597,44613,44615,44659,44661,44688,44690,44705,44707,44709,44711,44727,44729,44741,44744,44778,44781,44806,44811,44813,44818,44822,44825,44827,44875,44877,44910,44916,44927,44929,44981,44983,45014,45016,45020,45024,45067,45073,45079,45131,45139,45144,45148,45239,45241,45274,45277,45279,45339,45341,45367,45377,45379,45383,45388,45393,45395,45432,45434,45453,45456,45460,45463,45519,45531,45540,45542,45569,45577,45584,45588,45591,45628,45631,45637,45674,45676,45680,45686,45704,45709,45757,45761,45850,45853,45860,45862,45864,45869,45887,45889,45932,45938,45955,45957,46019,46021,46023,46029,46037,46043,46049,46058,46068,46072,46080,46082,46084,46119],[10,44519,3441,44521,3444],{"id":44520},"python-input-function-explained",[17,44522,2825],{},[14,44524,1845,44525,44527],{},[17,44526,2825],{}," function lets your Python program receive text from the user.",[14,44529,44530],{},"It is one of the most common beginner tools in Python because it makes programs interactive. You can use it to ask for a name, an age, a number, or any other value the user types.",[141,44532,1870],{"id":1869},[60,44534,44536],{"className":62,"code":44535,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(\"Hello, \" + name)\n",[17,44537,44538,44557],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,44539,44540,44542,44544,44546,44548,44550,44553,44555],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,44541,7507],{"class":75},[69,44543,80],{"class":79},[69,44545,7874],{"class":109},[69,44547,113],{"class":83},[69,44549,333],{"class":94},[69,44551,44552],{"class":336},"Enter your name: ",[69,44554,333],{"class":94},[69,44556,221],{"class":83},[69,44558,44559,44561,44563,44565,44568,44570,44572,44574],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,44560,110],{"class":109},[69,44562,113],{"class":83},[69,44564,333],{"class":94},[69,44566,44567],{"class":336},"Hello, ",[69,44569,333],{"class":94},[69,44571,2320],{"class":79},[69,44573,35651],{"class":121},[69,44575,221],{"class":83},[14,44577,132,44578,44580],{},[17,44579,2825],{}," to get text from the user. It always returns a string.",[44582,44583],"hr",{},[141,44585,3540,44587,3543],{"id":44586},"what-input-does",[17,44588,2825],{},[14,44590,44591,44593],{},[17,44592,2825],{}," pauses the program and waits for the user to type something.",[14,44595,44596],{},"Here is what happens:",[30,44598,44599,44604,44607,44610],{},[33,44600,44601,44603],{},[17,44602,2825],{}," waits for the user to type",[33,44605,44606],{},"It reads text from the keyboard",[33,44608,44609],{},"It returns the typed value as a string",[33,44611,44612],{},"The program continues after the user presses Enter",[14,44614,2076],{},[60,44616,44618],{"className":62,"code":44617,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\nprint(\"Your favorite color is\", color)\n",[17,44619,44620,44640],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,44621,44622,44625,44627,44629,44631,44633,44636,44638],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,44623,44624],{"class":75},"color ",[69,44626,80],{"class":79},[69,44628,7874],{"class":109},[69,44630,113],{"class":83},[69,44632,333],{"class":94},[69,44634,44635],{"class":336},"What is your favorite color? ",[69,44637,333],{"class":94},[69,44639,221],{"class":83},[69,44641,44642,44644,44646,44648,44651,44653,44655,44657],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,44643,110],{"class":109},[69,44645,113],{"class":83},[69,44647,333],{"class":94},[69,44649,44650],{"class":336},"Your favorite color is",[69,44652,333],{"class":94},[69,44654,91],{"class":83},[69,44656,35510],{"class":121},[69,44658,221],{"class":83},[14,44660,29684],{},[60,44662,44664],{"className":62,"code":44663,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"What is your favorite color? blue\nYour favorite color is blue\n",[17,44665,44666,44679],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,44667,44668,44670,44672,44675,44677],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,44669,3540],{"class":75},[69,44671,11836],{"class":79},[69,44673,44674],{"class":75}," your favorite color",[69,44676,2359],{"class":37028},[69,44678,35540],{"class":75},[69,44680,44681,44684,44686],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,44682,44683],{"class":75},"Your favorite color ",[69,44685,11836],{"class":79},[69,44687,35540],{"class":75},[14,44689,19607],{},[30,44691,44692,44697,44702],{},[33,44693,44694,44695],{},"The prompt is ",[17,44696,44635],{},[33,44698,44699,44700],{},"The user's answer is stored in ",[17,44701,32547],{},[33,44703,44704],{},"That value is then printed",[44582,44706],{},[141,44708,2024],{"id":2023},[14,44710,6846],{},[60,44712,44714],{"className":62,"code":44713,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"input(prompt)\n",[17,44715,44716],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,44717,44718,44720,44722,44725],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,44719,42127],{"class":109},[69,44721,113],{"class":83},[69,44723,44724],{"class":121},"prompt",[69,44726,221],{"class":83},[14,44728,11099],{},[30,44730,44731,44735,44738],{},[33,44732,1845,44733,19689],{},[17,44734,44724],{},[33,44736,44737],{},"The prompt appears before the user types",[33,44739,44740],{},"You usually store the result in a variable",[14,44742,44743],{},"Example with a prompt:",[60,44745,44747],{"className":62,"code":44746,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"username = input(\"Enter your username: \")\nprint(username)\n",[17,44748,44749,44768],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,44750,44751,44753,44755,44757,44759,44761,44764,44766],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,44752,7592],{"class":75},[69,44754,80],{"class":79},[69,44756,7874],{"class":109},[69,44758,113],{"class":83},[69,44760,333],{"class":94},[69,44762,44763],{"class":336},"Enter your username: ",[69,44765,333],{"class":94},[69,44767,221],{"class":83},[69,44769,44770,44772,44774,44776],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,44771,110],{"class":109},[69,44773,113],{"class":83},[69,44775,7616],{"class":121},[69,44777,221],{"class":83},[14,44779,44780],{},"Example without a prompt:",[60,44782,44784],{"className":62,"code":44783,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = input()\nprint(value)\n",[17,44785,44786,44796],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,44787,44788,44790,44792,44794],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,44789,2313],{"class":75},[69,44791,80],{"class":79},[69,44793,7874],{"class":109},[69,44795,8277],{"class":83},[69,44797,44798,44800,44802,44804],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,44799,110],{"class":109},[69,44801,113],{"class":83},[69,44803,2339],{"class":121},[69,44805,221],{"class":83},[14,44807,7392,44808,44810],{},[17,44809,2825],{}," without a prompt, but a clear prompt is usually better. It helps the user know what to enter.",[44582,44812],{},[141,44814,3540,44816,11347],{"id":44815},"what-input-returns",[17,44817,2825],{},[14,44819,44820,7857],{},[17,44821,2825],{},[14,44823,44824],{},"That is true even if the user types a number.",[14,44826,2076],{},[60,44828,44830],{"className":62,"code":44829,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"age = input(\"Enter your age: \")\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[17,44831,44832,44851,44861],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,44833,44834,44836,44838,44840,44842,44844,44847,44849],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,44835,21279],{"class":75},[69,44837,80],{"class":79},[69,44839,7874],{"class":109},[69,44841,113],{"class":83},[69,44843,333],{"class":94},[69,44845,44846],{"class":336},"Enter your age: ",[69,44848,333],{"class":94},[69,44850,221],{"class":83},[69,44852,44853,44855,44857,44859],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,44854,110],{"class":109},[69,44856,113],{"class":83},[69,44858,8935],{"class":121},[69,44860,221],{"class":83},[69,44862,44863,44865,44867,44869,44871,44873],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,44864,110],{"class":109},[69,44866,113],{"class":83},[69,44868,3087],{"class":1126},[69,44870,113],{"class":83},[69,44872,8935],{"class":121},[69,44874,342],{"class":83},[14,44876,29684],{},[60,44878,44880],{"className":62,"code":44879,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[17,44881,44882,44892,44896],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,44883,44884,44887,44889],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,44885,44886],{"class":75},"Enter your age",[69,44888,1044],{"class":83},[69,44890,44891],{"class":87}," 25\n",[69,44893,44894],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,44895,2576],{"class":87},[69,44897,44898,44900,44902,44904,44906,44908],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,44899,852],{"class":79},[69,44901,3158],{"class":1932},[69,44903,3161],{"class":94},[69,44905,3309],{"class":336},[69,44907,488],{"class":94},[69,44909,3168],{"class":79},[14,44911,44912,44913,44915],{},"Even though the user typed ",[17,44914,8829],{},", Python treats it as text.",[14,44917,44918,44919,54,44923,25],{},"If you need a number, convert it with ",[192,44920,44921],{"href":2743},[17,44922,2746],{},[192,44924,44925],{"href":2749},[17,44926,2752],{},[14,44928,2076],{},[60,44930,44932],{"className":62,"code":44931,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[17,44933,44934,44957,44967],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,44935,44936,44938,44940,44943,44945,44947,44949,44951,44953,44955],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,44937,21279],{"class":75},[69,44939,80],{"class":79},[69,44941,44942],{"class":1126}," int",[69,44944,113],{"class":83},[69,44946,42127],{"class":109},[69,44948,113],{"class":83},[69,44950,333],{"class":94},[69,44952,44846],{"class":336},[69,44954,333],{"class":94},[69,44956,342],{"class":83},[69,44958,44959,44961,44963,44965],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,44960,110],{"class":109},[69,44962,113],{"class":83},[69,44964,8935],{"class":121},[69,44966,221],{"class":83},[69,44968,44969,44971,44973,44975,44977,44979],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,44970,110],{"class":109},[69,44972,113],{"class":83},[69,44974,3087],{"class":1126},[69,44976,113],{"class":83},[69,44978,8935],{"class":121},[69,44980,342],{"class":83},[14,44982,29684],{},[60,44984,44986],{"className":62,"code":44985,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[17,44987,44988,44996,45000],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,44989,44990,44992,44994],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,44991,44886],{"class":75},[69,44993,1044],{"class":83},[69,44995,44891],{"class":87},[69,44997,44998],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,44999,2576],{"class":87},[69,45001,45002,45004,45006,45008,45010,45012],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,45003,852],{"class":79},[69,45005,3158],{"class":1932},[69,45007,3161],{"class":94},[69,45009,2056],{"class":336},[69,45011,488],{"class":94},[69,45013,3168],{"class":79},[44582,45015],{},[141,45017,45019],{"id":45018},"simple-examples-beginners-need","Simple examples beginners need",[1369,45021,45023],{"id":45022},"ask-for-a-name-and-print-it","Ask for a name and print it",[60,45025,45027],{"className":62,"code":45026,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"name = input(\"What is your name? \")\nprint(\"Hello,\", name)\n",[17,45028,45029,45048],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,45030,45031,45033,45035,45037,45039,45041,45044,45046],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,45032,7507],{"class":75},[69,45034,80],{"class":79},[69,45036,7874],{"class":109},[69,45038,113],{"class":83},[69,45040,333],{"class":94},[69,45042,45043],{"class":336},"What is your name? ",[69,45045,333],{"class":94},[69,45047,221],{"class":83},[69,45049,45050,45052,45054,45056,45059,45061,45063,45065],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,45051,110],{"class":109},[69,45053,113],{"class":83},[69,45055,333],{"class":94},[69,45057,45058],{"class":336},"Hello,",[69,45060,333],{"class":94},[69,45062,91],{"class":83},[69,45064,35651],{"class":121},[69,45066,221],{"class":83},[14,45068,45069,45070,45072],{},"This stores the user's answer in ",[17,45071,7297],{}," and prints it.",[1369,45074,45076,45077],{"id":45075},"ask-for-age-and-convert-it-with-int","Ask for age and convert it with ",[17,45078,2746],{},[60,45080,45082],{"className":62,"code":45081,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"age = int(input(\"How old are you? \"))\nprint(\"Next year you will be\", age + 1)\n",[17,45083,45084,45107],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,45085,45086,45088,45090,45092,45094,45096,45098,45100,45103,45105],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,45087,21279],{"class":75},[69,45089,80],{"class":79},[69,45091,44942],{"class":1126},[69,45093,113],{"class":83},[69,45095,42127],{"class":109},[69,45097,113],{"class":83},[69,45099,333],{"class":94},[69,45101,45102],{"class":336},"How old are you? ",[69,45104,333],{"class":94},[69,45106,342],{"class":83},[69,45108,45109,45111,45113,45115,45118,45120,45122,45125,45127,45129],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,45110,110],{"class":109},[69,45112,113],{"class":83},[69,45114,333],{"class":94},[69,45116,45117],{"class":336},"Next year you will be",[69,45119,333],{"class":94},[69,45121,91],{"class":83},[69,45123,45124],{"class":121}," age ",[69,45126,1926],{"class":79},[69,45128,272],{"class":87},[69,45130,221],{"class":83},[14,45132,891,45133,45135,45136,45138],{},[17,45134,2746],{}," converts the text from ",[17,45137,2825],{}," into a whole number.",[14,45140,45141,45142,25],{},"If you want more help with this step, see ",[192,45143,8616],{"href":8615},[1369,45145,45147],{"id":45146},"ask-for-two-numbers-and-add-them-after-conversion","Ask for two numbers and add them after conversion",[60,45149,45151],{"className":62,"code":45150,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"num1 = int(input(\"Enter the first number: \"))\nnum2 = int(input(\"Enter the second number: \"))\ntotal = num1 + num2\n\nprint(\"Total:\", total)\n",[17,45152,45153,45177,45201,45215,45219],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,45154,45155,45158,45160,45162,45164,45166,45168,45170,45173,45175],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,45156,45157],{"class":75},"num1 ",[69,45159,80],{"class":79},[69,45161,44942],{"class":1126},[69,45163,113],{"class":83},[69,45165,42127],{"class":109},[69,45167,113],{"class":83},[69,45169,333],{"class":94},[69,45171,45172],{"class":336},"Enter the first number: ",[69,45174,333],{"class":94},[69,45176,342],{"class":83},[69,45178,45179,45182,45184,45186,45188,45190,45192,45194,45197,45199],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,45180,45181],{"class":75},"num2 ",[69,45183,80],{"class":79},[69,45185,44942],{"class":1126},[69,45187,113],{"class":83},[69,45189,42127],{"class":109},[69,45191,113],{"class":83},[69,45193,333],{"class":94},[69,45195,45196],{"class":336},"Enter the second number: ",[69,45198,333],{"class":94},[69,45200,342],{"class":83},[69,45202,45203,45205,45207,45210,45212],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,45204,40846],{"class":75},[69,45206,80],{"class":79},[69,45208,45209],{"class":75}," num1 ",[69,45211,1926],{"class":79},[69,45213,45214],{"class":75}," num2\n",[69,45216,45217],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,45218,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,45220,45221,45223,45225,45227,45230,45232,45234,45237],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,45222,110],{"class":109},[69,45224,113],{"class":83},[69,45226,333],{"class":94},[69,45228,45229],{"class":336},"Total:",[69,45231,333],{"class":94},[69,45233,91],{"class":83},[69,45235,45236],{"class":121}," total",[69,45238,221],{"class":83},[14,45240,29684],{},[60,45242,45244],{"className":62,"code":45243,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\nTotal: 5\n",[17,45245,45246,45256,45265],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,45247,45248,45251,45253],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,45249,45250],{"class":75},"Enter the first number",[69,45252,1044],{"class":83},[69,45254,45255],{"class":87}," 2\n",[69,45257,45258,45261,45263],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,45259,45260],{"class":75},"Enter the second number",[69,45262,1044],{"class":83},[69,45264,2444],{"class":87},[69,45266,45267,45270,45272],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,45268,45269],{"class":75},"Total",[69,45271,1044],{"class":83},[69,45273,34500],{"class":87},[14,45275,45276],{},"If you skip the conversion, Python joins the values as strings instead of adding them as numbers.",[14,45278,2076],{},[60,45280,45282],{"className":62,"code":45281,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"num1 = input(\"Enter the first number: \")\nnum2 = input(\"Enter the second number: \")\n\nprint(num1 + num2)\n",[17,45283,45284,45302,45320,45324],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,45285,45286,45288,45290,45292,45294,45296,45298,45300],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,45287,45157],{"class":75},[69,45289,80],{"class":79},[69,45291,7874],{"class":109},[69,45293,113],{"class":83},[69,45295,333],{"class":94},[69,45297,45172],{"class":336},[69,45299,333],{"class":94},[69,45301,221],{"class":83},[69,45303,45304,45306,45308,45310,45312,45314,45316,45318],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,45305,45181],{"class":75},[69,45307,80],{"class":79},[69,45309,7874],{"class":109},[69,45311,113],{"class":83},[69,45313,333],{"class":94},[69,45315,45196],{"class":336},[69,45317,333],{"class":94},[69,45319,221],{"class":83},[69,45321,45322],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,45323,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,45325,45326,45328,45330,45332,45334,45337],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,45327,110],{"class":109},[69,45329,113],{"class":83},[69,45331,45157],{"class":121},[69,45333,1926],{"class":79},[69,45335,45336],{"class":121}," num2",[69,45338,221],{"class":83},[14,45340,29684],{},[60,45342,45344],{"className":62,"code":45343,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\n23\n",[17,45345,45346,45354,45362],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,45347,45348,45350,45352],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,45349,45250],{"class":75},[69,45351,1044],{"class":83},[69,45353,45255],{"class":87},[69,45355,45356,45358,45360],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,45357,45260],{"class":75},[69,45359,1044],{"class":83},[69,45361,2444],{"class":87},[69,45363,45364],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,45365,45366],{"class":87},"23\n",[14,45368,45369,45370,45373,45374,25],{},"That happens because ",[17,45371,45372],{},"\"2\" + \"3\""," creates ",[17,45375,45376],{},"\"23\"",[44582,45378],{},[141,45380,45382],{"id":45381},"common-beginner-problems","Common beginner problems",[14,45384,45385,45386,25],{},"Beginners often run into the same few issues with ",[17,45387,2825],{},[1369,45389,4530,45391,41206],{"id":45390},"forgetting-that-input-returns-a-string",[17,45392,2825],{},[14,45394,38861],{},[60,45396,45398],{"className":62,"code":45397,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[17,45399,45400,45418],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,45401,45402,45404,45406,45408,45410,45412,45414,45416],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,45403,2313],{"class":75},[69,45405,80],{"class":79},[69,45407,7874],{"class":109},[69,45409,113],{"class":83},[69,45411,333],{"class":94},[69,45413,41535],{"class":336},[69,45415,333],{"class":94},[69,45417,221],{"class":83},[69,45419,45420,45422,45424,45426,45428,45430],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,45421,110],{"class":109},[69,45423,113],{"class":83},[69,45425,3087],{"class":1126},[69,45427,113],{"class":83},[69,45429,2339],{"class":121},[69,45431,342],{"class":83},[14,45433,643],{},[60,45435,45437],{"className":62,"code":45436,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[17,45438,45439],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,45440,45441,45443,45445,45447,45449,45451],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,45442,852],{"class":79},[69,45444,3158],{"class":1932},[69,45446,3161],{"class":94},[69,45448,3309],{"class":336},[69,45450,488],{"class":94},[69,45452,3168],{"class":79},[14,45454,45455],{},"If you need a number, convert it first.",[1369,45457,45459],{"id":45458},"trying-to-add-numbers-without-converting-them","Trying to add numbers without converting them",[14,45461,45462],{},"This gives string joining, not math.",[60,45464,45466],{"className":62,"code":45465,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nb = input(\"Enter another number: \")\nprint(a + b)\n",[17,45467,45468,45486,45505],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,45469,45470,45472,45474,45476,45478,45480,45482,45484],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,45471,2421],{"class":75},[69,45473,80],{"class":79},[69,45475,7874],{"class":109},[69,45477,113],{"class":83},[69,45479,333],{"class":94},[69,45481,41535],{"class":336},[69,45483,333],{"class":94},[69,45485,221],{"class":83},[69,45487,45488,45490,45492,45494,45496,45498,45501,45503],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,45489,2449],{"class":75},[69,45491,80],{"class":79},[69,45493,7874],{"class":109},[69,45495,113],{"class":83},[69,45497,333],{"class":94},[69,45499,45500],{"class":336},"Enter another number: ",[69,45502,333],{"class":94},[69,45504,221],{"class":83},[69,45506,45507,45509,45511,45513,45515,45517],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,45508,110],{"class":109},[69,45510,113],{"class":83},[69,45512,2421],{"class":121},[69,45514,1926],{"class":79},[69,45516,2426],{"class":121},[69,45518,221],{"class":83},[14,45520,40784,45521,587,45523,45525,45526,18613,45529,25],{},[17,45522,808],{},[17,45524,670],{},", the result is ",[17,45527,45528],{},"45",[17,45530,2010],{},[1369,45532,45534,45535,45537,45538],{"id":45533},"getting-valueerror-when-converting-invalid-text-to-int","Getting ",[17,45536,40367],{}," when converting invalid text to ",[17,45539,2746],{},[14,45541,2076],{},[60,45543,45545],{"className":62,"code":45544,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n",[17,45546,45547],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,45548,45549,45551,45553,45555,45557,45559,45561,45563,45565,45567],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,45550,21279],{"class":75},[69,45552,80],{"class":79},[69,45554,44942],{"class":1126},[69,45556,113],{"class":83},[69,45558,42127],{"class":109},[69,45560,113],{"class":83},[69,45562,333],{"class":94},[69,45564,44846],{"class":336},[69,45566,333],{"class":94},[69,45568,342],{"class":83},[14,45570,7903,45571,45574,45575,25],{},[17,45572,45573],{},"ten",", Python raises a ",[17,45576,40367],{},[14,45578,45579,45580,25],{},"If you see this problem, read ",[192,45581,45583],{"href":45582},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-invalid-literal-for-int-with-base-10-fix\u002F","ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10",[1369,45585,45587],{"id":45586},"leaving-extra-spaces-in-user-input","Leaving extra spaces in user input",[14,45589,45590],{},"Users sometimes type extra spaces before or after their answer.",[60,45592,45594],{"className":62,"code":45593,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(repr(name))\n",[17,45595,45596,45614],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,45597,45598,45600,45602,45604,45606,45608,45610,45612],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,45599,7507],{"class":75},[69,45601,80],{"class":79},[69,45603,7874],{"class":109},[69,45605,113],{"class":83},[69,45607,333],{"class":94},[69,45609,44552],{"class":336},[69,45611,333],{"class":94},[69,45613,221],{"class":83},[69,45615,45616,45618,45620,45622,45624,45626],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,45617,110],{"class":109},[69,45619,113],{"class":83},[69,45621,41443],{"class":109},[69,45623,113],{"class":83},[69,45625,7297],{"class":121},[69,45627,342],{"class":83},[14,45629,45630],{},"If the user enters spaces, those spaces become part of the string.",[14,45632,45633,45634,1044],{},"You can remove them with ",[17,45635,45636],{},".strip()",[60,45638,45640],{"className":62,"code":45639,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \").strip()\nprint(name)\n",[17,45641,45642,45664],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,45643,45644,45646,45648,45650,45652,45654,45656,45658,45660,45662],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,45645,7507],{"class":75},[69,45647,80],{"class":79},[69,45649,7874],{"class":109},[69,45651,113],{"class":83},[69,45653,333],{"class":94},[69,45655,44552],{"class":336},[69,45657,333],{"class":94},[69,45659,8265],{"class":83},[69,45661,8268],{"class":121},[69,45663,8277],{"class":83},[69,45665,45666,45668,45670,45672],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,45667,110],{"class":109},[69,45669,113],{"class":83},[69,45671,7297],{"class":121},[69,45673,221],{"class":83},[44582,45675],{},[141,45677,45679],{"id":45678},"helpful-tips","Helpful tips",[14,45681,45682,45683,45685],{},"These habits make ",[17,45684,2825],{}," easier and safer to use.",[30,45687,45688,45691,45696,45699],{},[33,45689,45690],{},"Use clear prompts so users know what to enter",[33,45692,132,45693,45695],{},[17,45694,45636],{}," to remove extra spaces when needed",[33,45697,45698],{},"Validate input before using it in larger programs",[33,45700,132,45701,45703],{},[17,45702,29436],{}," when converting input to numbers",[14,45705,45706,45707,1044],{},"Example with ",[17,45708,45636],{},[60,45710,45712],{"className":62,"code":45711,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"city = input(\"Enter your city: \").strip()\nprint(\"City:\", city)\n",[17,45713,45714,45738],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,45715,45716,45719,45721,45723,45725,45727,45730,45732,45734,45736],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,45717,45718],{"class":75},"city ",[69,45720,80],{"class":79},[69,45722,7874],{"class":109},[69,45724,113],{"class":83},[69,45726,333],{"class":94},[69,45728,45729],{"class":336},"Enter your city: ",[69,45731,333],{"class":94},[69,45733,8265],{"class":83},[69,45735,8268],{"class":121},[69,45737,8277],{"class":83},[69,45739,45740,45742,45744,45746,45749,45751,45753,45755],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,45741,110],{"class":109},[69,45743,113],{"class":83},[69,45745,333],{"class":94},[69,45747,45748],{"class":336},"City:",[69,45750,333],{"class":94},[69,45752,91],{"class":83},[69,45754,31040],{"class":121},[69,45756,221],{"class":83},[14,45758,45706,45759,1044],{},[17,45760,29436],{},[60,45762,45764],{"className":62,"code":45763,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"try:\n    age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n    print(\"You will be\", age + 1, \"next year\")\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Please enter a whole number.\")\n",[17,45765,45766,45772,45795,45827,45835],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,45767,45768,45770],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,45769,29458],{"class":773},[69,45771,1235],{"class":83},[69,45773,45774,45777,45779,45781,45783,45785,45787,45789,45791,45793],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,45775,45776],{"class":75},"    age ",[69,45778,80],{"class":79},[69,45780,44942],{"class":1126},[69,45782,113],{"class":83},[69,45784,42127],{"class":109},[69,45786,113],{"class":83},[69,45788,333],{"class":94},[69,45790,44846],{"class":336},[69,45792,333],{"class":94},[69,45794,342],{"class":83},[69,45796,45797,45799,45801,45803,45806,45808,45810,45812,45814,45816,45818,45820,45823,45825],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,45798,7700],{"class":109},[69,45800,113],{"class":83},[69,45802,333],{"class":94},[69,45804,45805],{"class":336},"You will be",[69,45807,333],{"class":94},[69,45809,91],{"class":83},[69,45811,45124],{"class":121},[69,45813,1926],{"class":79},[69,45815,272],{"class":87},[69,45817,91],{"class":83},[69,45819,964],{"class":94},[69,45821,45822],{"class":336},"next year",[69,45824,333],{"class":94},[69,45826,221],{"class":83},[69,45828,45829,45831,45833],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,45830,29489],{"class":773},[69,45832,41590],{"class":1126},[69,45834,1235],{"class":83},[69,45836,45837,45839,45841,45843,45846,45848],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,45838,7700],{"class":109},[69,45840,113],{"class":83},[69,45842,333],{"class":94},[69,45844,45845],{"class":336},"Please enter a whole number.",[69,45847,333],{"class":94},[69,45849,221],{"class":83},[14,45851,45852],{},"This prevents the program from crashing when the user enters invalid text.",[14,45854,45855,45856,25],{},"If you are new to interactive programs, see ",[192,45857,45859],{"href":45858},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-user-input-in-python\u002F","how to get user input in Python",[44582,45861],{},[141,45863,2698],{"id":2697},[14,45865,45866,45867,1044],{},"These are the most common causes of problems when using ",[17,45868,2825],{},[30,45870,45871,45878,45881,45884],{},[33,45872,45873,45874,54,45876],{},"Treating user input as a number without using ",[17,45875,2746],{},[17,45877,2752],{},[33,45879,45880],{},"Concatenating strings and numbers together incorrectly",[33,45882,45883],{},"Entering non-numeric text when the program expects a number",[33,45885,45886],{},"Assuming pressing Enter gives a number instead of an empty string",[14,45888,31738],{},[60,45890,45892],{"className":62,"code":45891,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[17,45893,45894,45904,45918],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,45895,45896,45898,45900,45902],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,45897,110],{"class":109},[69,45899,113],{"class":83},[69,45901,2339],{"class":121},[69,45903,221],{"class":83},[69,45905,45906,45908,45910,45912,45914,45916],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,45907,110],{"class":109},[69,45909,113],{"class":83},[69,45911,3087],{"class":1126},[69,45913,113],{"class":83},[69,45915,2339],{"class":121},[69,45917,342],{"class":83},[69,45919,45920,45922,45924,45926,45928,45930],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,45921,110],{"class":109},[69,45923,113],{"class":83},[69,45925,41443],{"class":109},[69,45927,113],{"class":83},[69,45929,2339],{"class":121},[69,45931,342],{"class":83},[14,45933,45934,45935,45937],{},"These help you inspect what ",[17,45936,2825],{}," actually returned:",[30,45939,45940,45945,45950],{},[33,45941,45942,45944],{},[17,45943,41491],{}," shows the value",[33,45946,45947,45949],{},[17,45948,41497],{}," shows the data type",[33,45951,45952,45954],{},[17,45953,41502],{}," shows hidden spaces and special characters",[14,45956,2076],{},[60,45958,45960],{"className":62,"code":45959,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[17,45961,45962,45981,45991,46005],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,45963,45964,45966,45968,45970,45972,45974,45977,45979],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,45965,2313],{"class":75},[69,45967,80],{"class":79},[69,45969,7874],{"class":109},[69,45971,113],{"class":83},[69,45973,333],{"class":94},[69,45975,45976],{"class":336},"Enter something: ",[69,45978,333],{"class":94},[69,45980,221],{"class":83},[69,45982,45983,45985,45987,45989],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,45984,110],{"class":109},[69,45986,113],{"class":83},[69,45988,2339],{"class":121},[69,45990,221],{"class":83},[69,45992,45993,45995,45997,45999,46001,46003],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,45994,110],{"class":109},[69,45996,113],{"class":83},[69,45998,3087],{"class":1126},[69,46000,113],{"class":83},[69,46002,2339],{"class":121},[69,46004,342],{"class":83},[69,46006,46007,46009,46011,46013,46015,46017],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,46008,110],{"class":109},[69,46010,113],{"class":83},[69,46012,41443],{"class":109},[69,46014,113],{"class":83},[69,46016,2339],{"class":121},[69,46018,342],{"class":83},[44582,46020],{},[141,46022,1651],{"id":1650},[1369,46024,12347,46026,46028],{"id":46025},"does-input-return-an-integer",[17,46027,2825],{}," return an integer?",[14,46030,46031,46032,46034,46035,39592],{},"No. ",[17,46033,2825],{}," always returns a string. Convert it with ",[17,46036,2746],{},[1369,46038,46040,46041,2359],{"id":46039},"is-the-prompt-required-in-input","Is the prompt required in ",[17,46042,2825],{},[14,46044,46045,46046,46048],{},"No. You can call ",[17,46047,2825],{}," with no prompt, but prompts help users know what to type.",[1369,46050,4984,46052,46055,46056,2359],{"id":46051},"why-does-2-3-not-work-correctly-with-input",[17,46053,46054],{},"2 + 3"," not work correctly with ",[17,46057,2825],{},[14,46059,28715,46060,46062,46063,41819,46065,46067],{},[17,46061,2825],{}," returns strings. ",[17,46064,45372],{},[17,46066,45376],{}," unless you convert both values to numbers.",[1369,46069,46071],{"id":46070},"how-do-i-remove-spaces-from-input","How do I remove spaces from input?",[14,46073,132,46074,46076,46077,25],{},[17,46075,45636],{}," on the returned string, such as ",[17,46078,46079],{},"input(\"Name: \").strip()",[44582,46081],{},[141,46083,1771],{"id":1770},[30,46085,46086,46091,46095,46101,46107,46111],{},[33,46087,46088],{},[192,46089,46090],{"href":45858},"How to get user input in Python",[33,46092,46093],{},[192,46094,8693],{"href":8615},[33,46096,46097],{},[192,46098,3441,46099,1780],{"href":2743},[17,46100,2746],{},[33,46102,46103],{},[192,46104,3441,46105,1780],{"href":2749},[17,46106,2752],{},[33,46108,46109],{},[192,46110,45583],{"href":45582},[33,46112,46113],{},[192,46114,3441,46116,1780],{"href":46115},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained\u002F",[17,46117,46118],{},"print()",[1802,46120,46121],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":46123},[46124,46125,46127,46128,46130,46136,46144,46145,46146,46155],{"id":1869,"depth":106,"text":1870},{"id":44586,"depth":106,"text":46126},"What input() does",{"id":2023,"depth":106,"text":2024},{"id":44815,"depth":106,"text":46129},"What input() returns",{"id":45018,"depth":106,"text":45019,"children":46131},[46132,46133,46135],{"id":45022,"depth":300,"text":45023},{"id":45075,"depth":300,"text":46134},"Ask for age and convert it with int()",{"id":45146,"depth":300,"text":45147},{"id":45381,"depth":106,"text":45382,"children":46137},[46138,46140,46141,46143],{"id":45390,"depth":300,"text":46139},"Forgetting that input() returns a string",{"id":45458,"depth":300,"text":45459},{"id":45533,"depth":300,"text":46142},"Getting ValueError when converting invalid text to int()",{"id":45586,"depth":300,"text":45587},{"id":45678,"depth":106,"text":45679},{"id":2697,"depth":106,"text":2698},{"id":1650,"depth":106,"text":1651,"children":46147},[46148,46150,46152,46154],{"id":46025,"depth":300,"text":46149},"Does input() return an integer?",{"id":46039,"depth":300,"text":46151},"Is the prompt required in input()?",{"id":46051,"depth":300,"text":46153},"Why does 2 + 3 not work correctly with input()?",{"id":46070,"depth":300,"text":46071},{"id":1770,"depth":106,"text":1771},"Master python input function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained",{"title":41858,"description":46156},"reference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained","mgCYTLqY7_xdXYb-uIqvqqWNrZiPlmc9q8zaEr1fEyw",{"id":46163,"title":41760,"body":46164,"description":48477,"extension":1828,"meta":48478,"navigation":833,"path":48479,"seo":48480,"stem":48481,"__hash__":48482},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":46165,"toc":48429},[46166,46171,46176,46181,46202,46205,46207,46267,46269,46288,46293,46298,46303,46305,46318,46320,46403,46405,46446,46452,46454,46484,46490,46493,46510,46512,46564,46566,46584,46590,46596,46599,46617,46619,46692,46694,46713,46720,46726,46731,46734,46794,46796,46815,46818,46821,46836,46842,46846,46907,46909,46930,46934,47063,47065,47195,47205,47211,47217,47225,47291,47293,47318,47321,47338,47351,47357,47360,47393,47395,47408,47411,47454,47456,47464,47471,47475,47482,47486,47513,47515,47523,47529,47546,47551,47555,47582,47584,47592,47596,47601,47604,47630,47633,47642,47650,47654,47664,47668,47671,47673,47724,47726,47756,47766,47793,47795,47803,47813,47817,47820,47822,47870,47872,47916,47922,47973,47975,47994,47999,48004,48007,48026,48029,48081,48083,48092,48094,48098,48102,48105,48114,48121,48123,48150,48154,48156,48165,48168,48175,48181,48241,48245,48247,48255,48258,48284,48290,48293,48313,48315,48324,48332,48334,48340,48345,48352,48362,48368,48376,48380,48383,48385,48426],[10,46167,3441,46169,3444],{"id":46168},"python-int-function-explained",[17,46170,2746],{},[14,46172,31973,46173,46175],{},[17,46174,2746],{}," function converts a value into an integer.",[14,46177,35064,46178,46180],{},[17,46179,2746],{}," when they want to:",[30,46182,46183,46193,46196,46199],{},[33,46184,46185,46186,46189,46190],{},"turn text like ",[17,46187,46188],{},"\"42\""," into the number ",[17,46191,46192],{},"42",[33,46194,46195],{},"convert user input into a whole number",[33,46197,46198],{},"remove the decimal part from a float",[33,46200,46201],{},"read numbers written in binary or hexadecimal",[14,46203,46204],{},"It is a built-in function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[141,46206,1870],{"id":1869},[60,46208,46210],{"className":62,"code":46209,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(int(\"42\"))\nprint(int(3.9))\nprint(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[17,46211,46212,46230,46244],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,46213,46214,46216,46218,46220,46222,46224,46226,46228],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,46215,110],{"class":109},[69,46217,113],{"class":83},[69,46219,2056],{"class":1126},[69,46221,113],{"class":83},[69,46223,333],{"class":94},[69,46225,46192],{"class":336},[69,46227,333],{"class":94},[69,46229,342],{"class":83},[69,46231,46232,46234,46236,46238,46240,46242],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,46233,110],{"class":109},[69,46235,113],{"class":83},[69,46237,2056],{"class":1126},[69,46239,113],{"class":83},[69,46241,41648],{"class":87},[69,46243,342],{"class":83},[69,46245,46246,46248,46250,46252,46254,46256,46259,46261,46263,46265],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,46247,110],{"class":109},[69,46249,113],{"class":83},[69,46251,2056],{"class":1126},[69,46253,113],{"class":83},[69,46255,333],{"class":94},[69,46257,46258],{"class":336},"101",[69,46260,333],{"class":94},[69,46262,91],{"class":83},[69,46264,316],{"class":87},[69,46266,342],{"class":83},[14,46268,643],{},[60,46270,46272],{"className":62,"code":46271,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"42\n3\n5\n",[17,46273,46274,46279,46284],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,46275,46276],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,46277,46278],{"class":87},"42\n",[69,46280,46281],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,46282,46283],{"class":87},"3\n",[69,46285,46286],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,46287,2814],{"class":87},[14,46289,132,46290,46292],{},[17,46291,2746],{}," to convert a number-like value to an integer. Strings must contain a valid whole number unless you also provide a base.",[141,46294,3540,46296,3543],{"id":46295},"what-int-does",[17,46297,2746],{},[14,46299,46300,46302],{},[17,46301,2746],{}," converts a value into an integer.",[14,46304,12696],{},[30,46306,46307,46312,46315],{},[33,46308,46309,46310,6968],{},"It can turn strings, floats, and booleans into ",[17,46311,2056],{},[33,46313,46314],{},"It returns a new integer value.",[33,46316,46317],{},"It does not change the original object.",[14,46319,2076],{},[60,46321,46323],{"className":62,"code":46322,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"25\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[17,46324,46325,46337,46351,46355,46365,46375,46389],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,46326,46327,46329,46331,46333,46335],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,46328,34345],{"class":75},[69,46330,80],{"class":79},[69,46332,964],{"class":94},[69,46334,8829],{"class":336},[69,46336,3224],{"class":94},[69,46338,46339,46341,46343,46345,46347,46349],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,46340,1334],{"class":75},[69,46342,80],{"class":79},[69,46344,44942],{"class":1126},[69,46346,113],{"class":83},[69,46348,34366],{"class":121},[69,46350,221],{"class":83},[69,46352,46353],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,46354,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,46356,46357,46359,46361,46363],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,46358,110],{"class":109},[69,46360,113],{"class":83},[69,46362,34366],{"class":121},[69,46364,221],{"class":83},[69,46366,46367,46369,46371,46373],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,46368,110],{"class":109},[69,46370,113],{"class":83},[69,46372,2106],{"class":121},[69,46374,221],{"class":83},[69,46376,46377,46379,46381,46383,46385,46387],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,46378,110],{"class":109},[69,46380,113],{"class":83},[69,46382,3087],{"class":1126},[69,46384,113],{"class":83},[69,46386,34366],{"class":121},[69,46388,342],{"class":83},[69,46390,46391,46393,46395,46397,46399,46401],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,46392,110],{"class":109},[69,46394,113],{"class":83},[69,46396,3087],{"class":1126},[69,46398,113],{"class":83},[69,46400,2106],{"class":121},[69,46402,342],{"class":83},[14,46404,643],{},[60,46406,46408],{"className":62,"code":46407,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[17,46409,46410,46414,46418,46432],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,46411,46412],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,46413,2576],{"class":87},[69,46415,46416],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,46417,2576],{"class":87},[69,46419,46420,46422,46424,46426,46428,46430],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,46421,852],{"class":79},[69,46423,3158],{"class":1932},[69,46425,3161],{"class":94},[69,46427,3309],{"class":336},[69,46429,488],{"class":94},[69,46431,3168],{"class":79},[69,46433,46434,46436,46438,46440,46442,46444],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,46435,852],{"class":79},[69,46437,3158],{"class":1932},[69,46439,3161],{"class":94},[69,46441,2056],{"class":336},[69,46443,488],{"class":94},[69,46445,3168],{"class":79},[14,46447,46448,46449,46451],{},"The original string stays a string. ",[17,46450,2746],{}," creates a new integer from it.",[141,46453,2024],{"id":2023},[60,46455,46457],{"className":62,"code":46456,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"int(x)\nint(x, base)\n",[17,46458,46459,46469],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,46460,46461,46463,46465,46467],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,46462,2056],{"class":1126},[69,46464,113],{"class":83},[69,46466,2041],{"class":121},[69,46468,221],{"class":83},[69,46470,46471,46473,46475,46477,46479,46482],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,46472,2056],{"class":1126},[69,46474,113],{"class":83},[69,46476,2041],{"class":121},[69,46478,91],{"class":83},[69,46480,46481],{"class":121}," base",[69,46483,221],{"class":83},[1369,46485,46487],{"id":46486},"intx",[17,46488,46489],{},"int(x)",[14,46491,46492],{},"Use this form when you want to convert a value like:",[30,46494,46495,46500,46505],{},[33,46496,46497,46498],{},"a string such as ",[17,46499,41790],{},[33,46501,46502,46503],{},"a float such as ",[17,46504,41648],{},[33,46506,46507,46508],{},"a boolean such as ",[17,46509,53],{},[14,46511,2076],{},[60,46513,46515],{"className":62,"code":46514,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(int(\"10\"))\nprint(int(8.7))\nprint(int(True))\n",[17,46516,46517,46535,46550],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,46518,46519,46521,46523,46525,46527,46529,46531,46533],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,46520,110],{"class":109},[69,46522,113],{"class":83},[69,46524,2056],{"class":1126},[69,46526,113],{"class":83},[69,46528,333],{"class":94},[69,46530,2197],{"class":336},[69,46532,333],{"class":94},[69,46534,342],{"class":83},[69,46536,46537,46539,46541,46543,46545,46548],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,46538,110],{"class":109},[69,46540,113],{"class":83},[69,46542,2056],{"class":1126},[69,46544,113],{"class":83},[69,46546,46547],{"class":87},"8.7",[69,46549,342],{"class":83},[69,46551,46552,46554,46556,46558,46560,46562],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,46553,110],{"class":109},[69,46555,113],{"class":83},[69,46557,2056],{"class":1126},[69,46559,113],{"class":83},[69,46561,53],{"class":289},[69,46563,342],{"class":83},[14,46565,643],{},[60,46567,46569],{"className":62,"code":46568,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"10\n8\n1\n",[17,46570,46571,46575,46579],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,46572,46573],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,46574,2243],{"class":87},[69,46576,46577],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,46578,2248],{"class":87},[69,46580,46581],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,46582,46583],{"class":87},"1\n",[1369,46585,46587],{"id":46586},"intx-base",[17,46588,46589],{},"int(x, base)",[14,46591,46592,46593,46595],{},"Use this form when ",[17,46594,2041],{}," is a string that represents a number in another base.",[14,46597,46598],{},"Common bases:",[30,46600,46601,46606,46611],{},[33,46602,46603,46605],{},[17,46604,821],{}," for binary",[33,46607,46608,46610],{},[17,46609,2212],{}," for octal",[33,46612,46613,46616],{},[17,46614,46615],{},"16"," for hexadecimal",[14,46618,2076],{},[60,46620,46622],{"className":62,"code":46621,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\nprint(int(\"17\", 8))\nprint(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[17,46623,46624,46646,46669],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,46625,46626,46628,46630,46632,46634,46636,46638,46640,46642,46644],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,46627,110],{"class":109},[69,46629,113],{"class":83},[69,46631,2056],{"class":1126},[69,46633,113],{"class":83},[69,46635,333],{"class":94},[69,46637,46258],{"class":336},[69,46639,333],{"class":94},[69,46641,91],{"class":83},[69,46643,316],{"class":87},[69,46645,342],{"class":83},[69,46647,46648,46650,46652,46654,46656,46658,46661,46663,46665,46667],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,46649,110],{"class":109},[69,46651,113],{"class":83},[69,46653,2056],{"class":1126},[69,46655,113],{"class":83},[69,46657,333],{"class":94},[69,46659,46660],{"class":336},"17",[69,46662,333],{"class":94},[69,46664,91],{"class":83},[69,46666,1200],{"class":87},[69,46668,342],{"class":83},[69,46670,46671,46673,46675,46677,46679,46681,46684,46686,46688,46690],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,46672,110],{"class":109},[69,46674,113],{"class":83},[69,46676,2056],{"class":1126},[69,46678,113],{"class":83},[69,46680,333],{"class":94},[69,46682,46683],{"class":336},"1A",[69,46685,333],{"class":94},[69,46687,91],{"class":83},[69,46689,13633],{"class":87},[69,46691,342],{"class":83},[14,46693,643],{},[60,46695,46697],{"className":62,"code":46696,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"5\n15\n26\n",[17,46698,46699,46703,46708],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,46700,46701],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,46702,2814],{"class":87},[69,46704,46705],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,46706,46707],{"class":87},"15\n",[69,46709,46710],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,46711,46712],{"class":87},"26\n",[14,46714,46715,46716,25],{},"If you want to compare integer conversion with decimal conversion, see the ",[192,46717,46718,2169],{"href":2749},[17,46719,2752],{},[141,46721,8050,46723,46725],{"id":46722},"using-int-with-strings",[17,46724,2746],{}," with strings",[14,46727,46728,46730],{},[17,46729,2746],{}," works with strings that contain a valid integer.",[14,46732,46733],{},"Examples that work:",[60,46735,46737],{"className":62,"code":46736,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(int(\"5\"))\nprint(int(\"-12\"))\nprint(int(\"  42  \"))\n",[17,46738,46739,46757,46775],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,46740,46741,46743,46745,46747,46749,46751,46753,46755],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,46742,110],{"class":109},[69,46744,113],{"class":83},[69,46746,2056],{"class":1126},[69,46748,113],{"class":83},[69,46750,333],{"class":94},[69,46752,670],{"class":336},[69,46754,333],{"class":94},[69,46756,342],{"class":83},[69,46758,46759,46761,46763,46765,46767,46769,46771,46773],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,46760,110],{"class":109},[69,46762,113],{"class":83},[69,46764,2056],{"class":1126},[69,46766,113],{"class":83},[69,46768,333],{"class":94},[69,46770,2158],{"class":336},[69,46772,333],{"class":94},[69,46774,342],{"class":83},[69,46776,46777,46779,46781,46783,46785,46787,46790,46792],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,46778,110],{"class":109},[69,46780,113],{"class":83},[69,46782,2056],{"class":1126},[69,46784,113],{"class":83},[69,46786,333],{"class":94},[69,46788,46789],{"class":336},"  42  ",[69,46791,333],{"class":94},[69,46793,342],{"class":83},[14,46795,643],{},[60,46797,46799],{"className":62,"code":46798,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"5\n-12\n42\n",[17,46800,46801,46805,46811],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,46802,46803],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,46804,2814],{"class":87},[69,46806,46807,46809],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,46808,1889],{"class":79},[69,46810,2092],{"class":87},[69,46812,46813],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,46814,46278],{"class":87},[14,46816,46817],{},"This works because each string contains valid whole-number text. Leading and trailing spaces are usually allowed.",[14,46819,46820],{},"Examples that fail:",[60,46822,46824],{"className":62,"code":46823,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[17,46825,46826,46831],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,46827,46828],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,46829,46830],{"class":128},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n",[69,46832,46833],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,46834,46835],{"class":128},"# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[14,46837,46838,46839,46841],{},"These raise ",[17,46840,40367],{}," because the strings are not valid integer text.",[1369,46843,46845],{"id":46844},"valid-string-examples","Valid string examples",[60,46847,46849],{"className":62,"code":46848,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(int(\"0\"))\nprint(int(\"+7\"))\nprint(int(\"-100\"))\n",[17,46850,46851,46869,46888],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,46852,46853,46855,46857,46859,46861,46863,46865,46867],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,46854,110],{"class":109},[69,46856,113],{"class":83},[69,46858,2056],{"class":1126},[69,46860,113],{"class":83},[69,46862,333],{"class":94},[69,46864,88],{"class":336},[69,46866,333],{"class":94},[69,46868,342],{"class":83},[69,46870,46871,46873,46875,46877,46879,46881,46884,46886],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,46872,110],{"class":109},[69,46874,113],{"class":83},[69,46876,2056],{"class":1126},[69,46878,113],{"class":83},[69,46880,333],{"class":94},[69,46882,46883],{"class":336},"+7",[69,46885,333],{"class":94},[69,46887,342],{"class":83},[69,46889,46890,46892,46894,46896,46898,46900,46903,46905],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,46891,110],{"class":109},[69,46893,113],{"class":83},[69,46895,2056],{"class":1126},[69,46897,113],{"class":83},[69,46899,333],{"class":94},[69,46901,46902],{"class":336},"-100",[69,46904,333],{"class":94},[69,46906,342],{"class":83},[14,46908,643],{},[60,46910,46912],{"className":62,"code":46911,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"0\n7\n-100\n",[17,46913,46914,46919,46923],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,46915,46916],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,46917,46918],{"class":87},"0\n",[69,46920,46921],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,46922,1947],{"class":87},[69,46924,46925,46927],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,46926,1889],{"class":79},[69,46928,46929],{"class":87},"100\n",[1369,46931,46933],{"id":46932},"invalid-string-examples","Invalid string examples",[60,46935,46937],{"className":62,"code":46936,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"values = [\"3.14\", \"12abc\", \"\", \"seven\"]\n\nfor value in values:\n    try:\n        print(int(value))\n    except ValueError as error:\n        print(f\"{value!r} -> {error}\")\n",[17,46938,46939,46977,46981,46993,47000,47015,47030],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,46940,46941,46943,46945,46947,46949,46951,46953,46955,46957,46960,46962,46964,46966,46968,46970,46973,46975],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,46942,76],{"class":75},[69,46944,80],{"class":79},[69,46946,84],{"class":83},[69,46948,333],{"class":94},[69,46950,39806],{"class":336},[69,46952,333],{"class":94},[69,46954,91],{"class":83},[69,46956,964],{"class":94},[69,46958,46959],{"class":336},"12abc",[69,46961,333],{"class":94},[69,46963,91],{"class":83},[69,46965,959],{"class":94},[69,46967,91],{"class":83},[69,46969,964],{"class":94},[69,46971,46972],{"class":336},"seven",[69,46974,333],{"class":94},[69,46976,103],{"class":83},[69,46978,46979],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,46980,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,46982,46983,46985,46987,46989,46991],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,46984,774],{"class":773},[69,46986,21235],{"class":75},[69,46988,780],{"class":773},[69,46990,3724],{"class":75},[69,46992,1235],{"class":83},[69,46994,46995,46998],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,46996,46997],{"class":773},"    try",[69,46999,1235],{"class":83},[69,47001,47002,47005,47007,47009,47011,47013],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,47003,47004],{"class":109},"        print",[69,47006,113],{"class":83},[69,47008,2056],{"class":1126},[69,47010,113],{"class":83},[69,47012,2339],{"class":121},[69,47014,342],{"class":83},[69,47016,47017,47020,47022,47025,47028],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,47018,47019],{"class":773},"    except",[69,47021,41590],{"class":1126},[69,47023,47024],{"class":773}," as",[69,47026,47027],{"class":75}," error",[69,47029,1235],{"class":83},[69,47031,47032,47034,47036,47038,47040,47042,47044,47047,47049,47052,47054,47057,47059,47061],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,47033,47004],{"class":109},[69,47035,113],{"class":83},[69,47037,21945],{"class":1932},[69,47039,333],{"class":336},[69,47041,8914],{"class":87},[69,47043,2339],{"class":121},[69,47045,47046],{"class":1932},"!r",[69,47048,21954],{"class":87},[69,47050,47051],{"class":336}," -> ",[69,47053,8914],{"class":87},[69,47055,47056],{"class":121},"error",[69,47058,21954],{"class":87},[69,47060,333],{"class":336},[69,47062,221],{"class":83},[14,47064,643],{},[60,47066,47068],{"className":62,"code":47067,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"'3.14' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n'12abc' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '12abc'\n'' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''\n'seven' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'seven'\n",[17,47069,47070,47106,47138,47163],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,47071,47072,47074,47076,47078,47081,47084,47086,47088,47090,47093,47096,47098,47100,47102,47104],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,47073,488],{"class":42993},[69,47075,39806],{"class":42997},[69,47077,488],{"class":42993},[69,47079,47080],{"class":37028}," ->",[69,47082,47083],{"class":75}," invalid literal ",[69,47085,774],{"class":773},[69,47087,44942],{"class":1126},[69,47089,6994],{"class":83},[69,47091,47092],{"class":773}," with",[69,47094,47095],{"class":75}," base ",[69,47097,2197],{"class":87},[69,47099,1044],{"class":83},[69,47101,3161],{"class":94},[69,47103,39806],{"class":336},[69,47105,29354],{"class":94},[69,47107,47108,47110,47112,47114,47116,47118,47120,47122,47124,47126,47128,47130,47132,47134,47136],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,47109,488],{"class":94},[69,47111,46959],{"class":336},[69,47113,488],{"class":94},[69,47115,47080],{"class":37028},[69,47117,47083],{"class":75},[69,47119,774],{"class":773},[69,47121,44942],{"class":1126},[69,47123,6994],{"class":83},[69,47125,47092],{"class":773},[69,47127,47095],{"class":75},[69,47129,2197],{"class":87},[69,47131,1044],{"class":83},[69,47133,3161],{"class":94},[69,47135,46959],{"class":336},[69,47137,29354],{"class":94},[69,47139,47140,47142,47144,47146,47148,47150,47152,47154,47156,47158,47160],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,47141,429],{"class":94},[69,47143,47080],{"class":37028},[69,47145,47083],{"class":75},[69,47147,774],{"class":773},[69,47149,44942],{"class":1126},[69,47151,6994],{"class":83},[69,47153,47092],{"class":773},[69,47155,47095],{"class":75},[69,47157,2197],{"class":87},[69,47159,1044],{"class":83},[69,47161,47162],{"class":94}," ''\n",[69,47164,47165,47167,47169,47171,47173,47175,47177,47179,47181,47183,47185,47187,47189,47191,47193],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,47166,488],{"class":94},[69,47168,46972],{"class":336},[69,47170,488],{"class":94},[69,47172,47080],{"class":37028},[69,47174,47083],{"class":75},[69,47176,774],{"class":773},[69,47178,44942],{"class":1126},[69,47180,6994],{"class":83},[69,47182,47092],{"class":773},[69,47184,47095],{"class":75},[69,47186,2197],{"class":87},[69,47188,1044],{"class":83},[69,47190,3161],{"class":94},[69,47192,46972],{"class":336},[69,47194,29354],{"class":94},[14,47196,47197,47198,47200,47201,25],{},"If you are working with user input, see ",[192,47199,8616],{"href":8615}," and the ",[192,47202,47203,2169],{"href":7851},[17,47204,2825],{},[141,47206,8050,47208,47210],{"id":47207},"using-int-with-floats",[17,47209,2746],{}," with floats",[14,47212,47213,47214,47216],{},"When you pass a float to ",[17,47215,2746],{},", Python removes the decimal part.",[14,47218,47219,47220,13699,47222,47224],{},"Important: ",[17,47221,2746],{},[22,47223,4457],{}," round. It truncates toward zero.",[60,47226,47228],{"className":62,"code":47227,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(int(3.9))\nprint(int(3.1))\nprint(int(-3.9))\nprint(int(-3.1))\n",[17,47229,47230,47244,47259,47275],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,47231,47232,47234,47236,47238,47240,47242],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,47233,110],{"class":109},[69,47235,113],{"class":83},[69,47237,2056],{"class":1126},[69,47239,113],{"class":83},[69,47241,41648],{"class":87},[69,47243,342],{"class":83},[69,47245,47246,47248,47250,47252,47254,47257],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,47247,110],{"class":109},[69,47249,113],{"class":83},[69,47251,2056],{"class":1126},[69,47253,113],{"class":83},[69,47255,47256],{"class":87},"3.1",[69,47258,342],{"class":83},[69,47260,47261,47263,47265,47267,47269,47271,47273],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,47262,110],{"class":109},[69,47264,113],{"class":83},[69,47266,2056],{"class":1126},[69,47268,113],{"class":83},[69,47270,1889],{"class":79},[69,47272,41648],{"class":87},[69,47274,342],{"class":83},[69,47276,47277,47279,47281,47283,47285,47287,47289],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,47278,110],{"class":109},[69,47280,113],{"class":83},[69,47282,2056],{"class":1126},[69,47284,113],{"class":83},[69,47286,1889],{"class":79},[69,47288,47256],{"class":87},[69,47290,342],{"class":83},[14,47292,643],{},[60,47294,47296],{"className":62,"code":47295,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"3\n3\n-3\n-3\n",[17,47297,47298,47302,47306,47312],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,47299,47300],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,47301,46283],{"class":87},[69,47303,47304],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,47305,46283],{"class":87},[69,47307,47308,47310],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,47309,1889],{"class":79},[69,47311,46283],{"class":87},[69,47313,47314,47316],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,47315,1889],{"class":79},[69,47317,46283],{"class":87},[14,47319,47320],{},"This behavior matters with negative numbers.",[30,47322,47323,47330],{},[33,47324,47325,41819,47328],{},[17,47326,47327],{},"int(3.9)",[17,47329,1929],{},[33,47331,47332,41819,47335],{},[17,47333,47334],{},"int(-3.9)",[17,47336,47337],{},"-3",[14,47339,47340,47341,47345,47346,25],{},"If you want decimal conversion instead, use ",[192,47342,47343],{"href":2749},[17,47344,2752],{},". If you want text conversion, use ",[192,47347,47348],{"href":41839},[17,47349,47350],{},"str()",[141,47352,8050,47354,47356],{"id":47353},"using-int-with-booleans",[17,47355,2746],{}," with booleans",[14,47358,47359],{},"Booleans can also be converted to integers.",[60,47361,47363],{"className":62,"code":47362,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(int(True))\nprint(int(False))\n",[17,47364,47365,47379],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,47366,47367,47369,47371,47373,47375,47377],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,47368,110],{"class":109},[69,47370,113],{"class":83},[69,47372,2056],{"class":1126},[69,47374,113],{"class":83},[69,47376,53],{"class":289},[69,47378,342],{"class":83},[69,47380,47381,47383,47385,47387,47389,47391],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,47382,110],{"class":109},[69,47384,113],{"class":83},[69,47386,2056],{"class":1126},[69,47388,113],{"class":83},[69,47390,57],{"class":289},[69,47392,342],{"class":83},[14,47394,643],{},[60,47396,47398],{"className":62,"code":47397,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"1\n0\n",[17,47399,47400,47404],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,47401,47402],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,47403,46583],{"class":87},[69,47405,47406],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,47407,46918],{"class":87},[14,47409,47410],{},"This can be useful in simple counting logic:",[60,47412,47414],{"className":62,"code":47413,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"passed = True\ntotal = int(passed)\n\nprint(total)\n",[17,47415,47416,47425,47440,47444],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,47417,47418,47421,47423],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,47419,47420],{"class":75},"passed ",[69,47422,80],{"class":79},[69,47424,1266],{"class":289},[69,47426,47427,47429,47431,47433,47435,47438],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,47428,40846],{"class":75},[69,47430,80],{"class":79},[69,47432,44942],{"class":1126},[69,47434,113],{"class":83},[69,47436,47437],{"class":121},"passed",[69,47439,221],{"class":83},[69,47441,47442],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,47443,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,47445,47446,47448,47450,47452],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,47447,110],{"class":109},[69,47449,113],{"class":83},[69,47451,40875],{"class":121},[69,47453,221],{"class":83},[14,47455,643],{},[60,47457,47458],{"className":62,"code":46583,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,47459,47460],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,47461,47462],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,47463,46583],{"class":87},[14,47465,47466,47467,25],{},"If you want to learn more about boolean values, see the ",[192,47468,47469,2169],{"href":590},[17,47470,593],{},[141,47472,47474],{"id":47473},"using-the-base-argument","Using the base argument",[14,47476,47477,47478,47481],{},"Use the ",[17,47479,47480],{},"base"," argument when a string represents a number in a different number system.",[1369,47483,47485],{"id":47484},"binary-example","Binary example",[60,47487,47489],{"className":62,"code":47488,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[17,47490,47491],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,47492,47493,47495,47497,47499,47501,47503,47505,47507,47509,47511],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,47494,110],{"class":109},[69,47496,113],{"class":83},[69,47498,2056],{"class":1126},[69,47500,113],{"class":83},[69,47502,333],{"class":94},[69,47504,46258],{"class":336},[69,47506,333],{"class":94},[69,47508,91],{"class":83},[69,47510,316],{"class":87},[69,47512,342],{"class":83},[14,47514,643],{},[60,47516,47517],{"className":62,"code":2814,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,47518,47519],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,47520,47521],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,47522,2814],{"class":87},[14,47524,47525,47528],{},[17,47526,47527],{},"\"101\""," in binary means:",[30,47530,47531,47536,47541],{},[33,47532,47533],{},[17,47534,47535],{},"1 × 4",[33,47537,47538],{},[17,47539,47540],{},"0 × 2",[33,47542,47543],{},[17,47544,47545],{},"1 × 1",[14,47547,47548,47549,25],{},"So the result is ",[17,47550,670],{},[1369,47552,47554],{"id":47553},"hexadecimal-example","Hexadecimal example",[60,47556,47558],{"className":62,"code":47557,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[17,47559,47560],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,47561,47562,47564,47566,47568,47570,47572,47574,47576,47578,47580],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,47563,110],{"class":109},[69,47565,113],{"class":83},[69,47567,2056],{"class":1126},[69,47569,113],{"class":83},[69,47571,333],{"class":94},[69,47573,46683],{"class":336},[69,47575,333],{"class":94},[69,47577,91],{"class":83},[69,47579,13633],{"class":87},[69,47581,342],{"class":83},[14,47583,643],{},[60,47585,47586],{"className":62,"code":46712,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,47587,47588],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,47589,47590],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,47591,46712],{"class":87},[1369,47593,47595],{"id":47594},"important-rule","Important rule",[14,47597,1845,47598,47600],{},[17,47599,47480],{}," argument is for string-like input, not normal numeric values.",[14,47602,47603],{},"Good:",[60,47605,47606],{"className":62,"code":47488,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,47607,47608],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,47609,47610,47612,47614,47616,47618,47620,47622,47624,47626,47628],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,47611,110],{"class":109},[69,47613,113],{"class":83},[69,47615,2056],{"class":1126},[69,47617,113],{"class":83},[69,47619,333],{"class":94},[69,47621,46258],{"class":336},[69,47623,333],{"class":94},[69,47625,91],{"class":83},[69,47627,316],{"class":87},[69,47629,342],{"class":83},[14,47631,47632],{},"Not correct:",[60,47634,47636],{"className":62,"code":47635,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"# int(101, 2)\n",[17,47637,47638],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,47639,47640],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,47641,47635],{"class":128},[14,47643,47644,47645,8235,47647,47649],{},"That causes a ",[17,47646,2870],{},[17,47648,47480],{}," should not be used with a normal integer value.",[141,47651,47653],{"id":47652},"what-errors-can-happen","What errors can happen",[14,47655,47656,47657,47659,47660,587,47662,25],{},"Two common errors with ",[17,47658,2746],{}," are ",[17,47661,40367],{},[17,47663,2870],{},[1369,47665,47666],{"id":41177},[17,47667,40367],{},[14,47669,47670],{},"This happens when a string is not a valid integer.",[14,47672,2076],{},[60,47674,47676],{"className":62,"code":47675,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"try:\n    print(int(\"3.14\"))\nexcept ValueError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[17,47677,47678,47684,47702,47714],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,47679,47680,47682],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,47681,29458],{"class":773},[69,47683,1235],{"class":83},[69,47685,47686,47688,47690,47692,47694,47696,47698,47700],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,47687,7700],{"class":109},[69,47689,113],{"class":83},[69,47691,2056],{"class":1126},[69,47693,113],{"class":83},[69,47695,333],{"class":94},[69,47697,39806],{"class":336},[69,47699,333],{"class":94},[69,47701,342],{"class":83},[69,47703,47704,47706,47708,47710,47712],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,47705,29489],{"class":773},[69,47707,41590],{"class":1126},[69,47709,47024],{"class":773},[69,47711,47027],{"class":75},[69,47713,1235],{"class":83},[69,47715,47716,47718,47720,47722],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,47717,7700],{"class":109},[69,47719,113],{"class":83},[69,47721,47056],{"class":121},[69,47723,221],{"class":83},[14,47725,643],{},[60,47727,47729],{"className":62,"code":47728,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n",[17,47730,47731],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,47732,47733,47736,47738,47740,47742,47744,47746,47748,47750,47752,47754],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,47734,47735],{"class":75},"invalid literal ",[69,47737,774],{"class":773},[69,47739,44942],{"class":1126},[69,47741,6994],{"class":83},[69,47743,47092],{"class":773},[69,47745,47095],{"class":75},[69,47747,2197],{"class":87},[69,47749,1044],{"class":83},[69,47751,3161],{"class":94},[69,47753,39806],{"class":336},[69,47755,29354],{"class":94},[14,47757,47758,47759,47762,47763,47765],{},"A decimal string like ",[17,47760,47761],{},"\"3.14\""," does not work directly with ",[17,47764,2746],{},". You need to convert it to a float first:",[60,47767,47769],{"className":62,"code":47768,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(int(float(\"3.14\")))\n",[17,47770,47771],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,47772,47773,47775,47777,47779,47781,47783,47785,47787,47789,47791],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,47774,110],{"class":109},[69,47776,113],{"class":83},[69,47778,2056],{"class":1126},[69,47780,113],{"class":83},[69,47782,2060],{"class":1126},[69,47784,113],{"class":83},[69,47786,333],{"class":94},[69,47788,39806],{"class":336},[69,47790,333],{"class":94},[69,47792,297],{"class":83},[14,47794,643],{},[60,47796,47797],{"className":62,"code":46283,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,47798,47799],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,47800,47801],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,47802,46283],{"class":87},[14,47804,47805,47806,587,47809,25],{},"If you see this often, read ",[192,47807,47808],{"href":2829},"how to convert string to int in Python",[192,47810,25332,47811],{"href":45582},[17,47812,45583],{},[1369,47814,47815],{"id":41243},[17,47816,2870],{},[14,47818,47819],{},"This can happen with unsupported input types.",[14,47821,2076],{},[60,47823,47825],{"className":62,"code":47824,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"try:\n    print(int(None))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[17,47826,47827,47833,47847,47860],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,47828,47829,47831],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,47830,29458],{"class":773},[69,47832,1235],{"class":83},[69,47834,47835,47837,47839,47841,47843,47845],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,47836,7700],{"class":109},[69,47838,113],{"class":83},[69,47840,2056],{"class":1126},[69,47842,113],{"class":83},[69,47844,449],{"class":289},[69,47846,342],{"class":83},[69,47848,47849,47851,47854,47856,47858],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,47850,29489],{"class":773},[69,47852,47853],{"class":1126}," TypeError",[69,47855,47024],{"class":773},[69,47857,47027],{"class":75},[69,47859,1235],{"class":83},[69,47861,47862,47864,47866,47868],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,47863,7700],{"class":109},[69,47865,113],{"class":83},[69,47867,47056],{"class":121},[69,47869,221],{"class":83},[14,47871,643],{},[60,47873,47875],{"className":62,"code":47874,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a real number, not 'NoneType'\n",[17,47876,47877],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,47878,47879,47881,47883,47886,47888,47890,47893,47895,47898,47900,47903,47905,47907,47909,47911,47914],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,47880,2056],{"class":1126},[69,47882,6994],{"class":83},[69,47884,47885],{"class":75}," argument must be a string",[69,47887,91],{"class":83},[69,47889,44210],{"class":75},[69,47891,47892],{"class":1126},"bytes",[69,47894,1889],{"class":79},[69,47896,47897],{"class":75},"like ",[69,47899,42063],{"class":1126},[69,47901,47902],{"class":79}," or",[69,47904,40503],{"class":75},[69,47906,91],{"class":83},[69,47908,7731],{"class":79},[69,47910,3161],{"class":94},[69,47912,47913],{"class":336},"NoneType",[69,47915,29354],{"class":94},[14,47917,47918,47919,47921],{},"Another example is using the ",[17,47920,47480],{}," argument with a non-string numeric value:",[60,47923,47925],{"className":62,"code":47924,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"try:\n    print(int(101, 2))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[17,47926,47927,47933,47951,47963],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,47928,47929,47931],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,47930,29458],{"class":773},[69,47932,1235],{"class":83},[69,47934,47935,47937,47939,47941,47943,47945,47947,47949],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,47936,7700],{"class":109},[69,47938,113],{"class":83},[69,47940,2056],{"class":1126},[69,47942,113],{"class":83},[69,47944,46258],{"class":87},[69,47946,91],{"class":83},[69,47948,316],{"class":87},[69,47950,342],{"class":83},[69,47952,47953,47955,47957,47959,47961],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,47954,29489],{"class":773},[69,47956,47853],{"class":1126},[69,47958,47024],{"class":773},[69,47960,47027],{"class":75},[69,47962,1235],{"class":83},[69,47964,47965,47967,47969,47971],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,47966,7700],{"class":109},[69,47968,113],{"class":83},[69,47970,47056],{"class":121},[69,47972,221],{"class":83},[14,47974,643],{},[60,47976,47978],{"className":62,"code":47977,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"int() can't convert non-string with explicit base\n",[17,47979,47980],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,47981,47982,47984,47986,47989,47991],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,47983,2056],{"class":1126},[69,47985,6994],{"class":83},[69,47987,47988],{"class":75}," can",[69,47990,488],{"class":94},[69,47992,47993],{"class":336},"t convert non-string with explicit base\n",[141,47995,4788,47997],{"id":47996},"when-to-use-int",[17,47998,2746],{},[14,48000,132,48001,48003],{},[17,48002,2746],{}," when you need a whole number.",[14,48005,48006],{},"Common uses:",[30,48008,48009,48015,48018,48021],{},[33,48010,48011,48012,48014],{},"Convert user input from ",[17,48013,2825],{}," into integers",[33,48016,48017],{},"Turn float results into integers when truncation is acceptable",[33,48019,48020],{},"Parse numeric strings from files or APIs",[33,48022,48023,48024,36276],{},"Convert binary or hexadecimal strings with the ",[17,48025,47480],{},[14,48027,48028],{},"Example with user input:",[60,48030,48032],{"className":62,"code":48031,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"age_text = \"18\"\nage = int(age_text)\n\nprint(age + 1)\n",[17,48033,48034,48048,48063,48067],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,48035,48036,48039,48041,48043,48046],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,48037,48038],{"class":75},"age_text ",[69,48040,80],{"class":79},[69,48042,964],{"class":94},[69,48044,48045],{"class":336},"18",[69,48047,3224],{"class":94},[69,48049,48050,48052,48054,48056,48058,48061],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,48051,21279],{"class":75},[69,48053,80],{"class":79},[69,48055,44942],{"class":1126},[69,48057,113],{"class":83},[69,48059,48060],{"class":121},"age_text",[69,48062,221],{"class":83},[69,48064,48065],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,48066,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,48068,48069,48071,48073,48075,48077,48079],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,48070,110],{"class":109},[69,48072,113],{"class":83},[69,48074,21279],{"class":121},[69,48076,1926],{"class":79},[69,48078,272],{"class":87},[69,48080,221],{"class":83},[14,48082,643],{},[60,48084,48086],{"className":62,"code":48085,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"19\n",[17,48087,48088],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,48089,48090],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,48091,48085],{"class":87},[141,48093,2698],{"id":2697},[14,48095,14379,48096,25],{},[17,48097,2746],{},[1369,48099,48101],{"id":48100},"passing-a-string-with-decimal-text","Passing a string with decimal text",[14,48103,48104],{},"This fails:",[60,48106,48108],{"className":62,"code":48107,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"# int(\"4.5\")\n",[17,48109,48110],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,48111,48112],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,48113,48107],{"class":128},[14,48115,48116,48117,48120],{},"Why: ",[17,48118,48119],{},"\"4.5\""," is not an integer string.",[14,48122,18490],{},[60,48124,48126],{"className":62,"code":48125,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(int(float(\"4.5\")))\n",[17,48127,48128],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,48129,48130,48132,48134,48136,48138,48140,48142,48144,48146,48148],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,48131,110],{"class":109},[69,48133,113],{"class":83},[69,48135,2056],{"class":1126},[69,48137,113],{"class":83},[69,48139,2060],{"class":1126},[69,48141,113],{"class":83},[69,48143,333],{"class":94},[69,48145,40787],{"class":336},[69,48147,333],{"class":94},[69,48149,297],{"class":83},[1369,48151,48153],{"id":48152},"passing-text-with-letters","Passing text with letters",[14,48155,48104],{},[60,48157,48159],{"className":62,"code":48158,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"# int(\"12abc\")\n",[17,48160,48161],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,48162,48163],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,48164,48158],{"class":128},[14,48166,48167],{},"Why: the string contains non-numeric characters.",[1369,48169,48171,48172],{"id":48170},"trying-intnone","Trying ",[17,48173,48174],{},"int(None)",[14,48176,48177,48178,48180],{},"This fails because ",[17,48179,449],{}," is not a number or numeric string.",[60,48182,48184],{"className":62,"code":48183,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = None\n\ntry:\n    print(int(value))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[17,48185,48186,48195,48199,48205,48219,48231],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,48187,48188,48190,48192],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,48189,2313],{"class":75},[69,48191,80],{"class":79},[69,48193,48194],{"class":289}," None\n",[69,48196,48197],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,48198,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,48200,48201,48203],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,48202,29458],{"class":773},[69,48204,1235],{"class":83},[69,48206,48207,48209,48211,48213,48215,48217],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,48208,7700],{"class":109},[69,48210,113],{"class":83},[69,48212,2056],{"class":1126},[69,48214,113],{"class":83},[69,48216,2339],{"class":121},[69,48218,342],{"class":83},[69,48220,48221,48223,48225,48227,48229],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,48222,29489],{"class":773},[69,48224,47853],{"class":1126},[69,48226,47024],{"class":773},[69,48228,47027],{"class":75},[69,48230,1235],{"class":83},[69,48232,48233,48235,48237,48239],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,48234,7700],{"class":109},[69,48236,113],{"class":83},[69,48238,47056],{"class":121},[69,48240,221],{"class":83},[1369,48242,48244],{"id":48243},"using-the-base-argument-with-a-non-string","Using the base argument with a non-string",[14,48246,48104],{},[60,48248,48249],{"className":62,"code":47635,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,48250,48251],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,48252,48253],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,48254,47635],{"class":128},[14,48256,48257],{},"Use a string instead:",[60,48259,48260],{"className":62,"code":47488,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,48261,48262],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,48263,48264,48266,48268,48270,48272,48274,48276,48278,48280,48282],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,48265,110],{"class":109},[69,48267,113],{"class":83},[69,48269,2056],{"class":1126},[69,48271,113],{"class":83},[69,48273,333],{"class":94},[69,48275,46258],{"class":336},[69,48277,333],{"class":94},[69,48279,91],{"class":83},[69,48281,316],{"class":87},[69,48283,342],{"class":83},[1369,48285,8086,48287,48289],{"id":48286},"expecting-int-to-round",[17,48288,2746],{}," to round",[14,48291,48292],{},"This is a very common misunderstanding.",[60,48294,48296],{"className":62,"code":48295,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(int(4.9))\n",[17,48297,48298],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,48299,48300,48302,48304,48306,48308,48311],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,48301,110],{"class":109},[69,48303,113],{"class":83},[69,48305,2056],{"class":1126},[69,48307,113],{"class":83},[69,48309,48310],{"class":87},"4.9",[69,48312,342],{"class":83},[14,48314,643],{},[60,48316,48318],{"className":62,"code":48317,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"4\n",[17,48319,48320],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,48321,48322],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,48323,48317],{"class":87},[14,48325,3034,48326,48328,48329,48331],{},[17,48327,670],{},", remember that ",[17,48330,2746],{}," truncates. It does not round.",[141,48333,1651],{"id":1650},[1369,48335,12347,48337,48339],{"id":48336},"does-int-round-numbers",[17,48338,2746],{}," round numbers?",[14,48341,46031,48342,48344],{},[17,48343,2746],{}," removes the decimal part. It does not round to the nearest whole number.",[1369,48346,4984,48348,48351],{"id":48347},"why-does-int314-fail",[17,48349,48350],{},"int(\"3.14\")"," fail?",[14,48353,28715,48354,48356,48357,48359,48360,39592],{},[17,48355,47761],{}," is not an integer string. Convert it with ",[17,48358,2752],{}," first, then use ",[17,48361,2746],{},[1369,48363,4969,48365,12359],{"id":48364},"what-does-inttrue-return",[17,48366,48367],{},"int(True)",[14,48369,1658,48370,27967,48372,41819,48374,25],{},[17,48371,473],{},[17,48373,57],{},[17,48375,88],{},[1369,48377,48379],{"id":48378},"when-should-i-use-the-base-argument","When should I use the base argument?",[14,48381,48382],{},"Use it when the input string is written in another base, such as binary or hexadecimal.",[141,48384,1771],{"id":1770},[30,48386,48387,48393,48399,48405,48410,48414,48420],{},[33,48388,48389],{},[192,48390,48391,1780],{"href":2749},[17,48392,2752],{},[33,48394,48395],{},[192,48396,48397,1780],{"href":41839},[17,48398,47350],{},[33,48400,48401],{},[192,48402,48403,1780],{"href":590},[17,48404,593],{},[33,48406,48407],{},[192,48408,48409],{"href":2829},"How to convert string to int in Python",[33,48411,48412],{},[192,48413,8693],{"href":8615},[33,48415,48416],{},[192,48417,48418,1780],{"href":7851},[17,48419,2825],{},[33,48421,48422],{},[192,48423,30002,48424],{"href":45582},[17,48425,45583],{},[1802,48427,48428],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":48430},[48431,48432,48434,48438,48443,48445,48447,48452,48456,48458,48467,48476],{"id":1869,"depth":106,"text":1870},{"id":46295,"depth":106,"text":48433},"What int() does",{"id":2023,"depth":106,"text":2024,"children":48435},[48436,48437],{"id":46486,"depth":300,"text":46489},{"id":46586,"depth":300,"text":46589},{"id":46722,"depth":106,"text":48439,"children":48440},"Using int() with strings",[48441,48442],{"id":46844,"depth":300,"text":46845},{"id":46932,"depth":300,"text":46933},{"id":47207,"depth":106,"text":48444},"Using int() with floats",{"id":47353,"depth":106,"text":48446},"Using int() with booleans",{"id":47473,"depth":106,"text":47474,"children":48448},[48449,48450,48451],{"id":47484,"depth":300,"text":47485},{"id":47553,"depth":300,"text":47554},{"id":47594,"depth":300,"text":47595},{"id":47652,"depth":106,"text":47653,"children":48453},[48454,48455],{"id":41177,"depth":300,"text":40367},{"id":41243,"depth":300,"text":2870},{"id":47996,"depth":106,"text":48457},"When to use int()",{"id":2697,"depth":106,"text":2698,"children":48459},[48460,48461,48462,48464,48465],{"id":48100,"depth":300,"text":48101},{"id":48152,"depth":300,"text":48153},{"id":48170,"depth":300,"text":48463},"Trying int(None)",{"id":48243,"depth":300,"text":48244},{"id":48286,"depth":300,"text":48466},"Expecting int() to round",{"id":1650,"depth":106,"text":1651,"children":48468},[48469,48471,48473,48475],{"id":48336,"depth":300,"text":48470},"Does int() round numbers?",{"id":48347,"depth":300,"text":48472},"Why does int(\"3.14\") fail?",{"id":48364,"depth":300,"text":48474},"What does int(True) return?",{"id":48378,"depth":300,"text":48379},{"id":1770,"depth":106,"text":1771},"Master python int function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained",{"title":41760,"description":48477},"reference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained","kWr352mNCnbYYS6Ka2UotgJ1vPfx2o66tzsvdXJo79A",{"id":48484,"title":48485,"body":48486,"description":50322,"extension":1828,"meta":50323,"navigation":833,"path":44468,"seo":50324,"stem":50325,"__hash__":50326},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained.md","Python isinstance() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":48487,"toc":50278},[48488,48493,48498,48506,48515,48517,48576,48582,48587,48592,48595,48623,48626,48629,48640,48650,48652,48654,48674,48678,48706,48708,48747,48749,48757,48759,48762,48766,48819,48821,48833,48837,48894,48896,48908,48914,48920,48924,48927,48930,48996,48998,49010,49016,49018,49070,49073,49114,49117,49124,49133,49139,49142,49175,49181,49184,49215,49221,49224,49236,49240,49245,49249,49407,49409,49424,49427,49431,49535,49537,49554,49558,49619,49621,49629,49632,49636,49703,49705,49714,49720,49722,49731,49733,49768,49773,49775,49805,49809,49811,49848,49851,49853,49890,49896,49898,49948,49950,49958,49968,49974,49978,49983,50032,50034,50047,50050,50052,50055,50130,50133,50152,50155,50185,50195,50197,50202,50209,50215,50221,50228,50236,50242,50245,50247,50275],[10,48489,3441,48491,3444],{"id":48490},"python-isinstance-function-explained",[17,48492,44471],{},[14,48494,48495,48497],{},[17,48496,44471],{}," checks whether a value matches a type.",[14,48499,48500,48501,54,48503,48505],{},"It is a built-in Python function that returns either ",[17,48502,53],{},[17,48504,57],{},". It is often used before running code that depends on a value being a string, number, list, tuple, or dictionary.",[14,48507,48508,48509,48511,48512,48514],{},"In many cases, ",[17,48510,44471],{}," is a better choice than checking ",[17,48513,2168],{}," directly because it also works with parent and child types.",[141,48516,3473],{"id":3472},[60,48518,48520],{"className":62,"code":48519,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = 10\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))   # True\nprint(isinstance(value, str))   # False\n",[17,48521,48522,48530,48534,48555],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,48523,48524,48526,48528],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,48525,2313],{"class":75},[69,48527,80],{"class":79},[69,48529,2454],{"class":87},[69,48531,48532],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,48533,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,48535,48536,48538,48540,48543,48545,48547,48549,48551,48553],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,48537,110],{"class":109},[69,48539,113],{"class":83},[69,48541,48542],{"class":109},"isinstance",[69,48544,113],{"class":83},[69,48546,2339],{"class":121},[69,48548,91],{"class":83},[69,48550,44942],{"class":1126},[69,48552,125],{"class":83},[69,48554,43520],{"class":128},[69,48556,48557,48559,48561,48563,48565,48567,48569,48572,48574],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,48558,110],{"class":109},[69,48560,113],{"class":83},[69,48562,48542],{"class":109},[69,48564,113],{"class":83},[69,48566,2339],{"class":121},[69,48568,91],{"class":83},[69,48570,48571],{"class":1126}," str",[69,48573,125],{"class":83},[69,48575,43537],{"class":128},[14,48577,132,48578,48581],{},[17,48579,48580],{},"isinstance(object, classinfo)"," to check whether a value matches a type or one of its parent types.",[141,48583,3540,48585,3543],{"id":48584},"what-isinstance-does",[17,48586,44471],{},[14,48588,48589,48591],{},[17,48590,44471],{}," is used to test a value against a type.",[14,48593,48594],{},"It:",[30,48596,48597,48600,48606,48609],{},[33,48598,48599],{},"Checks whether a value is an instance of a type",[33,48601,11064,48602,54,48604],{},[17,48603,53],{},[17,48605,57],{},[33,48607,48608],{},"Helps you safely run type-specific code",[33,48610,48611,48612,2057,48614,2057,48616,2057,48618,16720,48621],{},"Is commonly used with ",[17,48613,3309],{},[17,48615,2056],{},[17,48617,7725],{},[17,48619,48620],{},"tuple",[17,48622,8456],{},[14,48624,48625],{},"This is useful when your code needs to behave differently for different kinds of data.",[14,48627,48628],{},"For example, you might want to:",[30,48630,48631,48634,48637],{},[33,48632,48633],{},"loop through a list",[33,48635,48636],{},"join text only if a value is a string",[33,48638,48639],{},"do math only if a value is a number",[14,48641,48642,48643,54,48646,25],{},"If you need a refresher on Python types, see ",[192,48644,44463],{"href":48645},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview\u002F",[192,48647,48649],{"href":48648},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-data-type-in-python\u002F","what a data type means in Python",[141,48651,2024],{"id":2023},[14,48653,2027],{},[60,48655,48657],{"className":62,"code":48656,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"isinstance(object, classinfo)\n",[17,48658,48659],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,48660,48661,48663,48665,48667,48669,48672],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,48662,48542],{"class":109},[69,48664,113],{"class":83},[69,48666,42063],{"class":1126},[69,48668,91],{"class":83},[69,48670,48671],{"class":121}," classinfo",[69,48673,221],{"class":83},[1369,48675,48677],{"id":48676},"parts-of-the-syntax","Parts of the syntax",[30,48679,48680,48685,48699],{},[33,48681,48682,48684],{},[17,48683,42063],{}," is the value you want to test",[33,48686,48687,48690,48691,2057,48693,2057,48695,2061,48697],{},[17,48688,48689],{},"classinfo"," is the type to check against, such as ",[17,48692,2056],{},[17,48694,3309],{},[17,48696,7725],{},[17,48698,8456],{},[33,48700,48701,48702,54,48704],{},"The result is always a Boolean value: ",[17,48703,53],{},[17,48705,57],{},[14,48707,2076],{},[60,48709,48711],{"className":62,"code":48710,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"name = \"Maya\"\n\nprint(isinstance(name, str))\n",[17,48712,48713,48725,48729],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,48714,48715,48717,48719,48721,48723],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,48716,7507],{"class":75},[69,48718,80],{"class":79},[69,48720,964],{"class":94},[69,48722,11150],{"class":336},[69,48724,3224],{"class":94},[69,48726,48727],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,48728,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,48730,48731,48733,48735,48737,48739,48741,48743,48745],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,48732,110],{"class":109},[69,48734,113],{"class":83},[69,48736,48542],{"class":109},[69,48738,113],{"class":83},[69,48740,7297],{"class":121},[69,48742,91],{"class":83},[69,48744,48571],{"class":1126},[69,48746,342],{"class":83},[14,48748,643],{},[60,48750,48751],{"className":62,"code":355,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,48752,48753],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,48754,48755],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,48756,355],{"class":289},[141,48758,11116],{"id":11115},[14,48760,48761],{},"Here is a small example that checks one value at a time.",[1369,48763,48765],{"id":48764},"check-an-integer","Check an integer",[60,48767,48769],{"className":62,"code":48768,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = 25\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\n",[17,48770,48771,48779,48783,48801],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,48772,48773,48775,48777],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,48774,2313],{"class":75},[69,48776,80],{"class":79},[69,48778,44891],{"class":87},[69,48780,48781],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,48782,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,48784,48785,48787,48789,48791,48793,48795,48797,48799],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,48786,110],{"class":109},[69,48788,113],{"class":83},[69,48790,48542],{"class":109},[69,48792,113],{"class":83},[69,48794,2339],{"class":121},[69,48796,91],{"class":83},[69,48798,44942],{"class":1126},[69,48800,342],{"class":83},[69,48802,48803,48805,48807,48809,48811,48813,48815,48817],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,48804,110],{"class":109},[69,48806,113],{"class":83},[69,48808,48542],{"class":109},[69,48810,113],{"class":83},[69,48812,2339],{"class":121},[69,48814,91],{"class":83},[69,48816,48571],{"class":1126},[69,48818,342],{"class":83},[14,48820,643],{},[60,48822,48823],{"className":62,"code":43839,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,48824,48825,48829],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,48826,48827],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,48828,355],{"class":289},[69,48830,48831],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,48832,360],{"class":289},[1369,48834,48836],{"id":48835},"check-text","Check text",[60,48838,48840],{"className":62,"code":48839,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(isinstance(text, str))\nprint(isinstance(text, int))\n",[17,48841,48842,48854,48858,48876],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,48843,48844,48846,48848,48850,48852],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,48845,34345],{"class":75},[69,48847,80],{"class":79},[69,48849,964],{"class":94},[69,48851,337],{"class":336},[69,48853,3224],{"class":94},[69,48855,48856],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,48857,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,48859,48860,48862,48864,48866,48868,48870,48872,48874],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,48861,110],{"class":109},[69,48863,113],{"class":83},[69,48865,48542],{"class":109},[69,48867,113],{"class":83},[69,48869,34366],{"class":121},[69,48871,91],{"class":83},[69,48873,48571],{"class":1126},[69,48875,342],{"class":83},[69,48877,48878,48880,48882,48884,48886,48888,48890,48892],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,48879,110],{"class":109},[69,48881,113],{"class":83},[69,48883,48542],{"class":109},[69,48885,113],{"class":83},[69,48887,34366],{"class":121},[69,48889,91],{"class":83},[69,48891,44942],{"class":1126},[69,48893,342],{"class":83},[14,48895,643],{},[60,48897,48898],{"className":62,"code":43839,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,48899,48900,48904],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,48901,48902],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,48903,355],{"class":289},[69,48905,48906],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,48907,360],{"class":289},[14,48909,48910,48911,48913],{},"In both examples, ",[17,48912,44471],{}," only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[14,48915,48916,48917,25],{},"If you want to change a value from one type to another, that is conversion, not type checking. For example, see ",[192,48918,48919],{"href":2829},"how to convert a string to an integer in Python",[141,48921,48923],{"id":48922},"checking-against-multiple-types","Checking against multiple types",[14,48925,48926],{},"The second argument can be a tuple of types.",[14,48928,48929],{},"This is helpful when more than one type is acceptable.",[60,48931,48933],{"className":62,"code":48932,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(isinstance(value, (str, list)))\n",[17,48934,48935,48944,48948,48972],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,48936,48937,48939,48941],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,48938,2313],{"class":75},[69,48940,80],{"class":79},[69,48942,48943],{"class":87}," 3.5\n",[69,48945,48946],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,48947,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,48949,48950,48952,48954,48956,48958,48960,48962,48964,48966,48968,48970],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,48951,110],{"class":109},[69,48953,113],{"class":83},[69,48955,48542],{"class":109},[69,48957,113],{"class":83},[69,48959,2339],{"class":121},[69,48961,91],{"class":83},[69,48963,8872],{"class":83},[69,48965,2056],{"class":1126},[69,48967,91],{"class":83},[69,48969,39918],{"class":1126},[69,48971,297],{"class":83},[69,48973,48974,48976,48978,48980,48982,48984,48986,48988,48990,48992,48994],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,48975,110],{"class":109},[69,48977,113],{"class":83},[69,48979,48542],{"class":109},[69,48981,113],{"class":83},[69,48983,2339],{"class":121},[69,48985,91],{"class":83},[69,48987,8872],{"class":83},[69,48989,3309],{"class":1126},[69,48991,91],{"class":83},[69,48993,22211],{"class":1126},[69,48995,297],{"class":83},[14,48997,643],{},[60,48999,49000],{"className":62,"code":43839,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,49001,49002,49006],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,49003,49004],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,49005,355],{"class":289},[69,49007,49008],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,49009,360],{"class":289},[14,49011,49012,49013,49015],{},"This is much cleaner than writing long ",[17,49014,40500],{}," conditions.",[14,49017,7930],{},[60,49019,49021],{"className":62,"code":49020,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(type(value) == int or type(value) == float)\n",[17,49022,49023,49031,49035],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,49024,49025,49027,49029],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,49026,2313],{"class":75},[69,49028,80],{"class":79},[69,49030,48943],{"class":87},[69,49032,49033],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,49034,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,49036,49037,49039,49041,49043,49045,49047,49049,49051,49053,49055,49058,49060,49062,49064,49066,49068],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,49038,110],{"class":109},[69,49040,113],{"class":83},[69,49042,3087],{"class":1126},[69,49044,113],{"class":83},[69,49046,2339],{"class":121},[69,49048,3525],{"class":83},[69,49050,1251],{"class":79},[69,49052,44942],{"class":1126},[69,49054,47902],{"class":773},[69,49056,49057],{"class":1126}," type",[69,49059,113],{"class":83},[69,49061,2339],{"class":121},[69,49063,3525],{"class":83},[69,49065,1251],{"class":79},[69,49067,39918],{"class":1126},[69,49069,221],{"class":83},[14,49071,49072],{},"you can write this:",[60,49074,49076],{"className":62,"code":49075,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[17,49077,49078,49086,49090],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,49079,49080,49082,49084],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,49081,2313],{"class":75},[69,49083,80],{"class":79},[69,49085,48943],{"class":87},[69,49087,49088],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,49089,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,49091,49092,49094,49096,49098,49100,49102,49104,49106,49108,49110,49112],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,49093,110],{"class":109},[69,49095,113],{"class":83},[69,49097,48542],{"class":109},[69,49099,113],{"class":83},[69,49101,2339],{"class":121},[69,49103,91],{"class":83},[69,49105,8872],{"class":83},[69,49107,2056],{"class":1126},[69,49109,91],{"class":83},[69,49111,39918],{"class":1126},[69,49113,297],{"class":83},[14,49115,49116],{},"A common use case is accepting both integers and decimal numbers as numeric input.",[141,49118,49120,10223,49122],{"id":49119},"isinstance-vs-type",[17,49121,44471],{},[17,49123,2168],{},[14,49125,10228,49126,587,49128,49132],{},[17,49127,44471],{},[192,49129,49130],{"href":2165},[17,49131,2168],{}," are related to types, but they are not the same.",[1369,49134,49136],{"id":49135},"typevalue-int",[17,49137,49138],{},"type(value) == int",[14,49140,49141],{},"This checks for one exact type.",[60,49143,49145],{"className":62,"code":49144,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = 10\nprint(type(value) == int)\n",[17,49146,49147,49155],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,49148,49149,49151,49153],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,49150,2313],{"class":75},[69,49152,80],{"class":79},[69,49154,2454],{"class":87},[69,49156,49157,49159,49161,49163,49165,49167,49169,49171,49173],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,49158,110],{"class":109},[69,49160,113],{"class":83},[69,49162,3087],{"class":1126},[69,49164,113],{"class":83},[69,49166,2339],{"class":121},[69,49168,3525],{"class":83},[69,49170,1251],{"class":79},[69,49172,44942],{"class":1126},[69,49174,221],{"class":83},[1369,49176,49178],{"id":49177},"isinstancevalue-int",[17,49179,49180],{},"isinstance(value, int)",[14,49182,49183],{},"This checks whether the value matches that type, including inherited types.",[60,49185,49187],{"className":62,"code":49186,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[17,49188,49189,49197],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,49190,49191,49193,49195],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,49192,2313],{"class":75},[69,49194,80],{"class":79},[69,49196,2454],{"class":87},[69,49198,49199,49201,49203,49205,49207,49209,49211,49213],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,49200,110],{"class":109},[69,49202,113],{"class":83},[69,49204,48542],{"class":109},[69,49206,113],{"class":83},[69,49208,2339],{"class":121},[69,49210,91],{"class":83},[69,49212,44942],{"class":1126},[69,49214,342],{"class":83},[14,49216,49217,49218,49220],{},"For beginners, ",[17,49219,44471],{}," is usually the safer choice when you want to know whether a value can be treated like a certain type.",[14,49222,49223],{},"In everyday code:",[30,49225,49226,49231],{},[33,49227,39653,49228,49230],{},[17,49229,2168],{}," when you need the exact type",[33,49232,39653,49233,49235],{},[17,49234,44471],{}," when you want a practical type check",[141,49237,49239],{"id":49238},"common-real-uses","Common real uses",[14,49241,49242,49243,25],{},"Here are some common beginner-friendly uses for ",[17,49244,44471],{},[1369,49246,49248],{"id":49247},"validate-function-inputs","Validate function inputs",[60,49250,49252],{"className":62,"code":49251,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"def repeat_text(text, count):\n    if not isinstance(text, str):\n        return \"text must be a string\"\n    \n    if not isinstance(count, int):\n        return \"count must be an integer\"\n    \n    return text * count\n\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", 3))\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", \"3\"))\n",[17,49253,49254,49272,49291,49303,49308,49326,49337,49341,49353,49357,49381],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,49255,49256,49258,49261,49263,49265,49267,49270],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,49257,34509],{"class":1932},[69,49259,49260],{"class":34512}," repeat_text",[69,49262,113],{"class":83},[69,49264,34366],{"class":37324},[69,49266,91],{"class":83},[69,49268,49269],{"class":37324}," count",[69,49271,7974],{"class":83},[69,49273,49274,49276,49278,49281,49283,49285,49287,49289],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,49275,1241],{"class":773},[69,49277,7731],{"class":79},[69,49279,49280],{"class":109}," isinstance",[69,49282,113],{"class":83},[69,49284,34366],{"class":121},[69,49286,91],{"class":83},[69,49288,48571],{"class":1126},[69,49290,7974],{"class":83},[69,49292,49293,49296,49298,49301],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,49294,49295],{"class":773},"        return",[69,49297,964],{"class":94},[69,49299,49300],{"class":336},"text must be a string",[69,49302,3224],{"class":94},[69,49304,49305],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,49306,49307],{"class":75},"    \n",[69,49309,49310,49312,49314,49316,49318,49320,49322,49324],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,49311,1241],{"class":773},[69,49313,7731],{"class":79},[69,49315,49280],{"class":109},[69,49317,113],{"class":83},[69,49319,40923],{"class":121},[69,49321,91],{"class":83},[69,49323,44942],{"class":1126},[69,49325,7974],{"class":83},[69,49327,49328,49330,49332,49335],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,49329,49295],{"class":773},[69,49331,964],{"class":94},[69,49333,49334],{"class":336},"count must be an integer",[69,49336,3224],{"class":94},[69,49338,49339],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,49340,49307],{"class":75},[69,49342,49343,49345,49348,49350],{"class":71,"line":1269},[69,49344,34520],{"class":773},[69,49346,49347],{"class":75}," text ",[69,49349,39535],{"class":79},[69,49351,49352],{"class":75}," count\n",[69,49354,49355],{"class":71,"line":1275},[69,49356,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,49358,49359,49361,49363,49366,49368,49370,49373,49375,49377,49379],{"class":71,"line":1280},[69,49360,110],{"class":109},[69,49362,113],{"class":83},[69,49364,49365],{"class":121},"repeat_text",[69,49367,113],{"class":83},[69,49369,333],{"class":94},[69,49371,49372],{"class":336},"Hi ",[69,49374,333],{"class":94},[69,49376,91],{"class":83},[69,49378,516],{"class":87},[69,49380,342],{"class":83},[69,49382,49383,49385,49387,49389,49391,49393,49395,49397,49399,49401,49403,49405],{"class":71,"line":11236},[69,49384,110],{"class":109},[69,49386,113],{"class":83},[69,49388,49365],{"class":121},[69,49390,113],{"class":83},[69,49392,333],{"class":94},[69,49394,49372],{"class":336},[69,49396,333],{"class":94},[69,49398,91],{"class":83},[69,49400,964],{"class":94},[69,49402,1929],{"class":336},[69,49404,333],{"class":94},[69,49406,342],{"class":83},[14,49408,643],{},[60,49410,49412],{"className":62,"code":49411,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Hi Hi Hi \ncount must be an integer\n",[17,49413,49414,49419],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,49415,49416],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,49417,49418],{"class":75},"Hi Hi Hi \n",[69,49420,49421],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,49422,49423],{"class":75},"count must be an integer\n",[14,49425,49426],{},"This can help prevent errors such as unsupported operand type errors.",[1369,49428,49430],{"id":49429},"handle-strings-and-lists-differently","Handle strings and lists differently",[60,49432,49434],{"className":62,"code":49433,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    print(\"This is text\")\nelif isinstance(value, list):\n    print(\"This is a list\")\n",[17,49435,49436,49468,49472,49488,49503,49520],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,49437,49438,49440,49442,49444,49446,49448,49450,49452,49454,49456,49458,49460,49462,49464,49466],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,49439,2313],{"class":75},[69,49441,80],{"class":79},[69,49443,84],{"class":83},[69,49445,333],{"class":94},[69,49447,192],{"class":336},[69,49449,333],{"class":94},[69,49451,91],{"class":83},[69,49453,964],{"class":94},[69,49455,4587],{"class":336},[69,49457,333],{"class":94},[69,49459,91],{"class":83},[69,49461,964],{"class":94},[69,49463,9376],{"class":336},[69,49465,333],{"class":94},[69,49467,103],{"class":83},[69,49469,49470],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,49471,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,49473,49474,49476,49478,49480,49482,49484,49486],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,49475,6625],{"class":773},[69,49477,49280],{"class":109},[69,49479,113],{"class":83},[69,49481,2339],{"class":121},[69,49483,91],{"class":83},[69,49485,48571],{"class":1126},[69,49487,7974],{"class":83},[69,49489,49490,49492,49494,49496,49499,49501],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,49491,7700],{"class":109},[69,49493,113],{"class":83},[69,49495,333],{"class":94},[69,49497,49498],{"class":336},"This is text",[69,49500,333],{"class":94},[69,49502,221],{"class":83},[69,49504,49505,49508,49510,49512,49514,49516,49518],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,49506,49507],{"class":773},"elif",[69,49509,49280],{"class":109},[69,49511,113],{"class":83},[69,49513,2339],{"class":121},[69,49515,91],{"class":83},[69,49517,22211],{"class":1126},[69,49519,7974],{"class":83},[69,49521,49522,49524,49526,49528,49531,49533],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,49523,7700],{"class":109},[69,49525,113],{"class":83},[69,49527,333],{"class":94},[69,49529,49530],{"class":336},"This is a list",[69,49532,333],{"class":94},[69,49534,221],{"class":83},[14,49536,643],{},[60,49538,49540],{"className":62,"code":49539,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"This is a list\n",[17,49541,49542],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,49543,49544,49547,49549,49551],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,49545,49546],{"class":75},"This ",[69,49548,11836],{"class":79},[69,49550,44210],{"class":75},[69,49552,49553],{"class":1126},"list\n",[1369,49555,49557],{"id":49556},"check-data-before-converting","Check data before converting",[60,49559,49561],{"className":62,"code":49560,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = \"42\"\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    number = int(value)\n    print(number)\n",[17,49562,49563,49575,49579,49595,49609],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,49564,49565,49567,49569,49571,49573],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,49566,2313],{"class":75},[69,49568,80],{"class":79},[69,49570,964],{"class":94},[69,49572,46192],{"class":336},[69,49574,3224],{"class":94},[69,49576,49577],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,49578,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,49580,49581,49583,49585,49587,49589,49591,49593],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,49582,6625],{"class":773},[69,49584,49280],{"class":109},[69,49586,113],{"class":83},[69,49588,2339],{"class":121},[69,49590,91],{"class":83},[69,49592,48571],{"class":1126},[69,49594,7974],{"class":83},[69,49596,49597,49599,49601,49603,49605,49607],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,49598,41554],{"class":75},[69,49600,80],{"class":79},[69,49602,44942],{"class":1126},[69,49604,113],{"class":83},[69,49606,2339],{"class":121},[69,49608,221],{"class":83},[69,49610,49611,49613,49615,49617],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,49612,7700],{"class":109},[69,49614,113],{"class":83},[69,49616,2106],{"class":121},[69,49618,221],{"class":83},[14,49620,643],{},[60,49622,49623],{"className":62,"code":46278,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,49624,49625],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,49626,49627],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,49628,46278],{"class":87},[14,49630,49631],{},"This is useful when working with user input, since input often starts as text.",[1369,49633,49635],{"id":49634},"prevent-errors-before-using-methods-or-loops","Prevent errors before using methods or loops",[60,49637,49639],{"className":62,"code":49638,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nif isinstance(value, dict):\n    print(value[\"name\"])\n",[17,49640,49641,49665,49669,49685],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,49642,49643,49645,49647,49649,49651,49653,49655,49657,49659,49661,49663],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,49644,2313],{"class":75},[69,49646,80],{"class":79},[69,49648,10128],{"class":83},[69,49650,333],{"class":94},[69,49652,7297],{"class":336},[69,49654,333],{"class":94},[69,49656,1044],{"class":83},[69,49658,964],{"class":94},[69,49660,12524],{"class":336},[69,49662,333],{"class":94},[69,49664,8945],{"class":83},[69,49666,49667],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,49668,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,49670,49671,49673,49675,49677,49679,49681,49683],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,49672,6625],{"class":773},[69,49674,49280],{"class":109},[69,49676,113],{"class":83},[69,49678,2339],{"class":121},[69,49680,91],{"class":83},[69,49682,8806],{"class":1126},[69,49684,7974],{"class":83},[69,49686,49687,49689,49691,49693,49695,49697,49699,49701],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,49688,7700],{"class":109},[69,49690,113],{"class":83},[69,49692,2339],{"class":121},[69,49694,3739],{"class":83},[69,49696,333],{"class":94},[69,49698,7297],{"class":336},[69,49700,333],{"class":94},[69,49702,3727],{"class":83},[14,49704,643],{},[60,49706,49708],{"className":62,"code":49707,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Ana\n",[17,49709,49710],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,49711,49712],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,49713,49707],{"class":75},[14,49715,49716,49717,49719],{},"Checking first can help you avoid confusing ",[17,49718,2870],{}," messages later.",[141,49721,1362],{"id":1361},[1369,49723,49725,49726,10731,49729],{"id":49724},"passing-int-instead-of-int","Passing ",[17,49727,49728],{},"\"int\"",[17,49730,2056],{},[14,49732,16291],{},[60,49734,49736],{"className":62,"code":49735,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, \"int\"))\n",[17,49737,49738,49746],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,49739,49740,49742,49744],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,49741,2313],{"class":75},[69,49743,80],{"class":79},[69,49745,2454],{"class":87},[69,49747,49748,49750,49752,49754,49756,49758,49760,49762,49764,49766],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,49749,110],{"class":109},[69,49751,113],{"class":83},[69,49753,48542],{"class":109},[69,49755,113],{"class":83},[69,49757,2339],{"class":121},[69,49759,91],{"class":83},[69,49761,964],{"class":94},[69,49763,2056],{"class":336},[69,49765,333],{"class":94},[69,49767,342],{"class":83},[14,49769,49770,49772],{},[17,49771,49728],{}," is a string, not a type.",[14,49774,16303],{},[60,49776,49777],{"className":62,"code":49186,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,49778,49779,49787],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,49780,49781,49783,49785],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,49782,2313],{"class":75},[69,49784,80],{"class":79},[69,49786,2454],{"class":87},[69,49788,49789,49791,49793,49795,49797,49799,49801,49803],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,49790,110],{"class":109},[69,49792,113],{"class":83},[69,49794,48542],{"class":109},[69,49796,113],{"class":83},[69,49798,2339],{"class":121},[69,49800,91],{"class":83},[69,49802,44942],{"class":1126},[69,49804,342],{"class":83},[1369,49806,49808],{"id":49807},"using-square-brackets-for-multiple-types","Using square brackets for multiple types",[14,49810,16291],{},[60,49812,49814],{"className":62,"code":49813,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, [int, float]))\n",[17,49815,49816,49824],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,49817,49818,49820,49822],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,49819,2313],{"class":75},[69,49821,80],{"class":79},[69,49823,34500],{"class":87},[69,49825,49826,49828,49830,49832,49834,49836,49838,49840,49842,49844,49846],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,49827,110],{"class":109},[69,49829,113],{"class":83},[69,49831,48542],{"class":109},[69,49833,113],{"class":83},[69,49835,2339],{"class":121},[69,49837,91],{"class":83},[69,49839,84],{"class":83},[69,49841,2056],{"class":1126},[69,49843,91],{"class":83},[69,49845,39918],{"class":1126},[69,49847,275],{"class":83},[14,49849,49850],{},"The second argument should be a type or a tuple of types.",[14,49852,16303],{},[60,49854,49856],{"className":62,"code":49855,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[17,49857,49858,49866],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,49859,49860,49862,49864],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,49861,2313],{"class":75},[69,49863,80],{"class":79},[69,49865,34500],{"class":87},[69,49867,49868,49870,49872,49874,49876,49878,49880,49882,49884,49886,49888],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,49869,110],{"class":109},[69,49871,113],{"class":83},[69,49873,48542],{"class":109},[69,49875,113],{"class":83},[69,49877,2339],{"class":121},[69,49879,91],{"class":83},[69,49881,8872],{"class":83},[69,49883,2056],{"class":1126},[69,49885,91],{"class":83},[69,49887,39918],{"class":1126},[69,49889,297],{"class":83},[1369,49891,25427,49893,49895],{"id":49892},"thinking-isinstance-converts-a-value",[17,49894,44471],{}," converts a value",[14,49897,18563],{},[60,49899,49901],{"className":62,"code":49900,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = \"123\"\nresult = isinstance(value, int)\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,49902,49903,49916,49934,49938],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,49904,49905,49907,49909,49911,49914],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,49906,2313],{"class":75},[69,49908,80],{"class":79},[69,49910,964],{"class":94},[69,49912,49913],{"class":336},"123",[69,49915,3224],{"class":94},[69,49917,49918,49920,49922,49924,49926,49928,49930,49932],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,49919,839],{"class":75},[69,49921,80],{"class":79},[69,49923,49280],{"class":109},[69,49925,113],{"class":83},[69,49927,2339],{"class":121},[69,49929,91],{"class":83},[69,49931,44942],{"class":1126},[69,49933,221],{"class":83},[69,49935,49936],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,49937,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,49939,49940,49942,49944,49946],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,49941,110],{"class":109},[69,49943,113],{"class":83},[69,49945,876],{"class":121},[69,49947,221],{"class":83},[14,49949,643],{},[60,49951,49952],{"className":62,"code":360,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,49953,49954],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,49955,49956],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,49957,360],{"class":289},[14,49959,49960,49961,49964,49965,49967],{},"This does not convert ",[17,49962,49963],{},"\"123\""," into ",[17,49966,49913],{},". It only checks the type.",[14,49969,49970,49971,1481],{},"If your goal is conversion, use ",[17,49972,49973],{},"int(value)",[1369,49975,49977],{"id":49976},"assuming-it-changes-the-value","Assuming it changes the value",[14,49979,49980,49982],{},[17,49981,44471],{}," does not modify anything.",[60,49984,49986],{"className":62,"code":49985,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = \"100\"\n\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(value)\n",[17,49987,49988,50000,50004,50022],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,49989,49990,49992,49994,49996,49998],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,49991,2313],{"class":75},[69,49993,80],{"class":79},[69,49995,964],{"class":94},[69,49997,13203],{"class":336},[69,49999,3224],{"class":94},[69,50001,50002],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,50003,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,50005,50006,50008,50010,50012,50014,50016,50018,50020],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,50007,110],{"class":109},[69,50009,113],{"class":83},[69,50011,48542],{"class":109},[69,50013,113],{"class":83},[69,50015,2339],{"class":121},[69,50017,91],{"class":83},[69,50019,48571],{"class":1126},[69,50021,342],{"class":83},[69,50023,50024,50026,50028,50030],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,50025,110],{"class":109},[69,50027,113],{"class":83},[69,50029,2339],{"class":121},[69,50031,221],{"class":83},[14,50033,643],{},[60,50035,50037],{"className":62,"code":50036,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"True\n100\n",[17,50038,50039,50043],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,50040,50041],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,50042,355],{"class":289},[69,50044,50045],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,50046,46929],{"class":87},[14,50048,50049],{},"The value stays the same.",[141,50051,25595],{"id":25594},[14,50053,50054],{},"If you are not sure what kind of value you have, these checks are useful:",[60,50056,50058],{"className":62,"code":50057,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[17,50059,50060,50074,50092,50116],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,50061,50062,50064,50066,50068,50070,50072],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,50063,110],{"class":109},[69,50065,113],{"class":83},[69,50067,3087],{"class":1126},[69,50069,113],{"class":83},[69,50071,2339],{"class":121},[69,50073,342],{"class":83},[69,50075,50076,50078,50080,50082,50084,50086,50088,50090],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,50077,110],{"class":109},[69,50079,113],{"class":83},[69,50081,48542],{"class":109},[69,50083,113],{"class":83},[69,50085,2339],{"class":121},[69,50087,91],{"class":83},[69,50089,44942],{"class":1126},[69,50091,342],{"class":83},[69,50093,50094,50096,50098,50100,50102,50104,50106,50108,50110,50112,50114],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,50095,110],{"class":109},[69,50097,113],{"class":83},[69,50099,48542],{"class":109},[69,50101,113],{"class":83},[69,50103,2339],{"class":121},[69,50105,91],{"class":83},[69,50107,8872],{"class":83},[69,50109,2056],{"class":1126},[69,50111,91],{"class":83},[69,50113,39918],{"class":1126},[69,50115,297],{"class":83},[69,50117,50118,50120,50122,50124,50126,50128],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,50119,110],{"class":109},[69,50121,113],{"class":83},[69,50123,41443],{"class":109},[69,50125,113],{"class":83},[69,50127,2339],{"class":121},[69,50129,342],{"class":83},[14,50131,50132],{},"These can help when:",[30,50134,50135,50138,50143,50146],{},[33,50136,50137],{},"a value looks like a number but is actually a string",[33,50139,50140,50141],{},"you are getting a ",[17,50142,2870],{},[33,50144,50145],{},"your condition is not behaving as expected",[33,50147,50148,50149,50151],{},"the second argument to ",[17,50150,44471],{}," is invalid",[14,50153,50154],{},"Common causes of mistakes include:",[30,50156,50157,50171,50177,50182],{},[33,50158,50159,50160,54,50163,50166,50167,54,50169],{},"using ",[17,50161,50162],{},"'int'",[17,50164,50165],{},"'str'"," as text instead of ",[17,50168,2056],{},[17,50170,3309],{},[33,50172,50173,50174,50176],{},"expecting ",[17,50175,44471],{}," to convert a value",[33,50178,50159,50179,50181],{},[17,50180,2168],{}," when inherited types should also match",[33,50183,50184],{},"passing an invalid second argument",[14,50186,50187,50188,25],{},"If you get an error because Python expected a number but found text, see ",[192,50189,50191,50192],{"href":50190},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-str-object-cannot-be-interpreted-as-an-integer-fix\u002F","TypeError: ",[17,50193,50194],{},"'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer",[141,50196,1651],{"id":1650},[1369,50198,4969,50200,4972],{"id":50199},"what-does-isinstance-return-in-python",[17,50201,44471],{},[14,50203,1658,50204,50206,50207,25],{},[17,50205,53],{}," if the value matches the given type, otherwise ",[17,50208,57],{},[1369,50210,4996,50212,50214],{"id":50211},"can-isinstance-check-more-than-one-type",[17,50213,44471],{}," check more than one type?",[14,50216,50217,50218,25],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of types, such as ",[17,50219,50220],{},"isinstance(x, (int, float))",[1369,50222,5006,50224,587,50226,2359],{"id":50223},"what-is-the-difference-between-isinstance-and-type",[17,50225,44471],{},[17,50227,2168],{},[14,50229,50230,50232,50233,50235],{},[17,50231,2168],{}," gives the exact type. ",[17,50234,44471],{}," checks whether a value matches a type and also supports inheritance.",[1369,50237,12347,50239,50241],{"id":50238},"does-isinstance-convert-a-value",[17,50240,44471],{}," convert a value?",[14,50243,50244],{},"No. It only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[141,50246,1771],{"id":1770},[30,50248,50249,50255,50259,50264,50269],{},[33,50250,50251],{},[192,50252,3441,50253,1780],{"href":2165},[17,50254,2168],{},[33,50256,50257],{},[192,50258,44463],{"href":48645},[33,50260,50261],{},[192,50262,50263],{"href":2829},"How to convert a string to an integer in Python",[33,50265,50266],{},[192,50267,50268],{"href":48648},"What is a data type in Python?",[33,50270,50271],{},[192,50272,50191,50273],{"href":50190},[17,50274,50194],{},[1802,50276,50277],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":50279},[50280,50281,50283,50286,50290,50291,50296,50302,50310,50311,50321],{"id":3472,"depth":106,"text":3473},{"id":48584,"depth":106,"text":50282},"What isinstance() does",{"id":2023,"depth":106,"text":2024,"children":50284},[50285],{"id":48676,"depth":300,"text":48677},{"id":11115,"depth":106,"text":11116,"children":50287},[50288,50289],{"id":48764,"depth":300,"text":48765},{"id":48835,"depth":300,"text":48836},{"id":48922,"depth":106,"text":48923},{"id":49119,"depth":106,"text":50292,"children":50293},"isinstance() vs type()",[50294,50295],{"id":49135,"depth":300,"text":49138},{"id":49177,"depth":300,"text":49180},{"id":49238,"depth":106,"text":49239,"children":50297},[50298,50299,50300,50301],{"id":49247,"depth":300,"text":49248},{"id":49429,"depth":300,"text":49430},{"id":49556,"depth":300,"text":49557},{"id":49634,"depth":300,"text":49635},{"id":1361,"depth":106,"text":1362,"children":50303},[50304,50306,50307,50309],{"id":49724,"depth":300,"text":50305},"Passing \"int\" instead of int",{"id":49807,"depth":300,"text":49808},{"id":49892,"depth":300,"text":50308},"Thinking isinstance() converts a value",{"id":49976,"depth":300,"text":49977},{"id":25594,"depth":106,"text":25595},{"id":1650,"depth":106,"text":1651,"children":50312},[50313,50315,50317,50319],{"id":50199,"depth":300,"text":50314},"What does isinstance() return in Python?",{"id":50211,"depth":300,"text":50316},"Can isinstance() check more than one type?",{"id":50223,"depth":300,"text":50318},"What is the difference between isinstance() and type()?",{"id":50238,"depth":300,"text":50320},"Does isinstance() convert a value?",{"id":1770,"depth":106,"text":1771},"Master python isinstance function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":48485,"description":50322},"reference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained","iF3_lagEov6vfWHAzwGq_MdJMAghMPTpi88oMC-pOfw",{"id":50328,"title":50329,"body":50330,"description":52303,"extension":1828,"meta":52304,"navigation":833,"path":52305,"seo":52306,"stem":52307,"__hash__":52308},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained.md","Python len() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":50331,"toc":52278},[50332,50335,50340,50345,50359,50362,50364,50439,50444,50448,50453,50456,50470,50472,50638,50651,50653,50655,50670,50673,50676,50689,50691,50789,50793,50799,50802,50811,50813,50848,50853,50874,50879,50884,50916,50919,50976,50980,50986,50989,51042,51044,51084,51087,51155,51158,51209,51216,51220,51226,51311,51317,51323,51372,51375,51378,51428,51430,51435,51439,51489,51493,51540,51544,51621,51625,51690,51693,51697,51702,51707,51719,51721,51740,51746,51749,51768,51773,51800,51807,51811,51817,51820,51915,51918,51921,51970,51975,51977,51981,52016,52019,52076,52086,52089,52123,52126,52128,52132,52135,52139,52142,52146,52149,52153,52166,52170,52175,52177,52227,52239,52241,52275],[10,50333,50329],{"id":50334},"python-len-function-explained",[14,50336,8758,50337,50339],{},[17,50338,42025],{}," function returns the size of an object.",[14,50341,35064,50342,50344],{},[17,50343,42025],{}," to count:",[30,50346,50347,50350,50353,50356],{},[33,50348,50349],{},"characters in a string",[33,50351,50352],{},"items in a list or tuple",[33,50354,50355],{},"keys in a dictionary",[33,50357,50358],{},"unique items in a set",[14,50360,50361],{},"It is a simple but very useful function. You will use it often when checking if something is empty, validating input, or counting stored values safely.",[141,50363,1870],{"id":1869},[60,50365,50367],{"className":62,"code":50366,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"hello\"\nitems = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(len(text))   # 5\nprint(len(items))  # 3\n",[17,50368,50369,50381,50401,50405,50422],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,50370,50371,50373,50375,50377,50379],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,50372,34345],{"class":75},[69,50374,80],{"class":79},[69,50376,964],{"class":94},[69,50378,337],{"class":336},[69,50380,3224],{"class":94},[69,50382,50383,50385,50387,50389,50391,50393,50395,50397,50399],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,50384,7409],{"class":75},[69,50386,80],{"class":79},[69,50388,84],{"class":83},[69,50390,2197],{"class":87},[69,50392,91],{"class":83},[69,50394,7420],{"class":87},[69,50396,91],{"class":83},[69,50398,7425],{"class":87},[69,50400,103],{"class":83},[69,50402,50403],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,50404,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,50406,50407,50409,50411,50413,50415,50417,50419],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,50408,110],{"class":109},[69,50410,113],{"class":83},[69,50412,10801],{"class":109},[69,50414,113],{"class":83},[69,50416,34366],{"class":121},[69,50418,125],{"class":83},[69,50420,50421],{"class":128},"   # 5\n",[69,50423,50424,50426,50428,50430,50432,50434,50436],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,50425,110],{"class":109},[69,50427,113],{"class":83},[69,50429,10801],{"class":109},[69,50431,113],{"class":83},[69,50433,7440],{"class":121},[69,50435,125],{"class":83},[69,50437,50438],{"class":128},"  # 3\n",[14,50440,132,50441,50443],{},[17,50442,42025],{}," to get the number of characters in a string or the number of items in a container like a list, tuple, set, or dictionary.",[141,50445,50447],{"id":50446},"what-len-does","What len() does",[14,50449,50450,50452],{},[17,50451,42025],{}," returns the size of an object.",[14,50454,50455],{},"Here is what that means for common Python types:",[30,50457,50458,50461,50464,50467],{},[33,50459,50460],{},"For strings, it counts characters",[33,50462,50463],{},"For lists, tuples, and sets, it counts items",[33,50465,50466],{},"For dictionaries, it counts keys",[33,50468,50469],{},"It always returns an integer",[14,50471,2076],{},[60,50473,50475],{"className":62,"code":50474,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"name = \"Sam\"\nnumbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\ndata = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nvalues = {5, 6, 7}\n\nprint(len(name))     # 3\nprint(len(numbers))  # 4\nprint(len(data))     # 2\nprint(len(values))   # 3\n",[17,50476,50477,50489,50514,50546,50566,50570,50587,50604,50621],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,50478,50479,50481,50483,50485,50487],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,50480,7507],{"class":75},[69,50482,80],{"class":79},[69,50484,964],{"class":94},[69,50486,7306],{"class":336},[69,50488,3224],{"class":94},[69,50490,50491,50493,50495,50497,50499,50501,50503,50505,50507,50509,50512],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,50492,801],{"class":75},[69,50494,80],{"class":79},[69,50496,84],{"class":83},[69,50498,2197],{"class":87},[69,50500,91],{"class":83},[69,50502,7420],{"class":87},[69,50504,91],{"class":83},[69,50506,7425],{"class":87},[69,50508,91],{"class":83},[69,50510,50511],{"class":87}," 40",[69,50513,103],{"class":83},[69,50515,50516,50518,50520,50522,50524,50526,50528,50530,50532,50534,50536,50538,50540,50542,50544],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,50517,8801],{"class":75},[69,50519,80],{"class":79},[69,50521,10128],{"class":83},[69,50523,333],{"class":94},[69,50525,192],{"class":336},[69,50527,333],{"class":94},[69,50529,1044],{"class":83},[69,50531,272],{"class":87},[69,50533,91],{"class":83},[69,50535,964],{"class":94},[69,50537,4587],{"class":336},[69,50539,333],{"class":94},[69,50541,1044],{"class":83},[69,50543,316],{"class":87},[69,50545,8945],{"class":83},[69,50547,50548,50550,50552,50554,50556,50558,50560,50562,50564],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,50549,76],{"class":75},[69,50551,80],{"class":79},[69,50553,10128],{"class":83},[69,50555,670],{"class":87},[69,50557,91],{"class":83},[69,50559,37305],{"class":87},[69,50561,91],{"class":83},[69,50563,813],{"class":87},[69,50565,8945],{"class":83},[69,50567,50568],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,50569,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,50571,50572,50574,50576,50578,50580,50582,50584],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,50573,110],{"class":109},[69,50575,113],{"class":83},[69,50577,10801],{"class":109},[69,50579,113],{"class":83},[69,50581,7297],{"class":121},[69,50583,125],{"class":83},[69,50585,50586],{"class":128},"     # 3\n",[69,50588,50589,50591,50593,50595,50597,50599,50601],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,50590,110],{"class":109},[69,50592,113],{"class":83},[69,50594,10801],{"class":109},[69,50596,113],{"class":83},[69,50598,3512],{"class":121},[69,50600,125],{"class":83},[69,50602,50603],{"class":128},"  # 4\n",[69,50605,50606,50608,50610,50612,50614,50616,50618],{"class":71,"line":1269},[69,50607,110],{"class":109},[69,50609,113],{"class":83},[69,50611,10801],{"class":109},[69,50613,113],{"class":83},[69,50615,8840],{"class":121},[69,50617,125],{"class":83},[69,50619,50620],{"class":128},"     # 2\n",[69,50622,50623,50625,50627,50629,50631,50633,50635],{"class":71,"line":1275},[69,50624,110],{"class":109},[69,50626,113],{"class":83},[69,50628,10801],{"class":109},[69,50630,113],{"class":83},[69,50632,122],{"class":121},[69,50634,125],{"class":83},[69,50636,50637],{"class":128},"   # 3\n",[14,50639,50640,50641,2057,50645,16720,50649,25],{},"If you are still learning these data types, see ",[192,50642,50644],{"href":50643},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-strings-explained-basics-and-examples\u002F","Python strings explained",[192,50646,50648],{"href":50647},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide\u002F","Python lists explained",[192,50650,8791],{"href":8790},[141,50652,2024],{"id":2023},[14,50654,2027],{},[60,50656,50658],{"className":62,"code":50657,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"len(object)\n",[17,50659,50660],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,50661,50662,50664,50666,50668],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,50663,10801],{"class":109},[69,50665,113],{"class":83},[69,50667,42063],{"class":1126},[69,50669,221],{"class":83},[14,50671,50672],{},"You pass one object inside the parentheses.",[14,50674,50675],{},"That object must be something that has a length, such as:",[30,50677,50678,50680,50682,50684,50686],{},[33,50679,37569],{},[33,50681,37563],{},[33,50683,37566],{},[33,50685,37572],{},[33,50687,50688],{},"a dictionary",[14,50690,2076],{},[60,50692,50694],{"className":62,"code":50693,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(len(\"python\"))      # 6\nprint(len([1, 2, 3]))     # 3\nprint(len((10, 20)))      # 2\nprint(len({\"x\": 1}))      # 1\n",[17,50695,50696,50717,50741,50763],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,50697,50698,50700,50702,50704,50706,50708,50710,50712,50714],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,50699,110],{"class":109},[69,50701,113],{"class":83},[69,50703,10801],{"class":109},[69,50705,113],{"class":83},[69,50707,333],{"class":94},[69,50709,64],{"class":336},[69,50711,333],{"class":94},[69,50713,125],{"class":83},[69,50715,50716],{"class":128},"      # 6\n",[69,50718,50719,50721,50723,50725,50727,50729,50731,50733,50735,50737,50739],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,50720,110],{"class":109},[69,50722,113],{"class":83},[69,50724,10801],{"class":109},[69,50726,260],{"class":83},[69,50728,473],{"class":87},[69,50730,91],{"class":83},[69,50732,316],{"class":87},[69,50734,91],{"class":83},[69,50736,516],{"class":87},[69,50738,4561],{"class":83},[69,50740,50586],{"class":128},[69,50742,50743,50745,50747,50749,50751,50753,50755,50757,50760],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,50744,110],{"class":109},[69,50746,113],{"class":83},[69,50748,10801],{"class":109},[69,50750,286],{"class":83},[69,50752,2197],{"class":87},[69,50754,91],{"class":83},[69,50756,7420],{"class":87},[69,50758,50759],{"class":83},")))",[69,50761,50762],{"class":128},"      # 2\n",[69,50764,50765,50767,50769,50771,50773,50775,50777,50779,50781,50783,50786],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,50766,110],{"class":109},[69,50768,113],{"class":83},[69,50770,10801],{"class":109},[69,50772,309],{"class":83},[69,50774,333],{"class":94},[69,50776,2041],{"class":336},[69,50778,333],{"class":94},[69,50780,1044],{"class":83},[69,50782,272],{"class":87},[69,50784,50785],{"class":83},"}))",[69,50787,50788],{"class":128},"      # 1\n",[141,50790,50792],{"id":50791},"using-len-with-strings","Using len() with strings",[14,50794,50795,50796,50798],{},"When you use ",[17,50797,42025],{}," on a string, Python counts every character.",[14,50800,50801],{},"That includes:",[30,50803,50804,50806,50808],{},[33,50805,35803],{},[33,50807,10089],{},[33,50809,50810],{},"punctuation",[14,50812,2076],{},[60,50814,50816],{"className":62,"code":50815,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"Hi there!\"\nprint(len(text))  # 9\n",[17,50817,50818,50831],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,50819,50820,50822,50824,50826,50829],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,50821,34345],{"class":75},[69,50823,80],{"class":79},[69,50825,964],{"class":94},[69,50827,50828],{"class":336},"Hi there!",[69,50830,3224],{"class":94},[69,50832,50833,50835,50837,50839,50841,50843,50845],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,50834,110],{"class":109},[69,50836,113],{"class":83},[69,50838,10801],{"class":109},[69,50840,113],{"class":83},[69,50842,34366],{"class":121},[69,50844,125],{"class":83},[69,50846,50847],{"class":128},"  # 9\n",[14,50849,50850,50851,2359],{},"Why is the result ",[17,50852,2010],{},[30,50854,50855,50861,50865,50868],{},[33,50856,50857,50860],{},[17,50858,50859],{},"H"," = 1",[33,50862,50863,50860],{},[17,50864,35814],{},[33,50866,50867],{},"space = 1",[33,50869,50870,50873],{},[17,50871,50872],{},"t h e r e !"," = 6",[14,50875,50876,50877],{},"Total: ",[17,50878,2010],{},[14,50880,50881,50882,1044],{},"An empty string has length ",[17,50883,88],{},[60,50885,50887],{"className":62,"code":50886,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"empty_text = \"\"\nprint(len(empty_text))  # 0\n",[17,50888,50889,50898],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,50890,50891,50894,50896],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,50892,50893],{"class":75},"empty_text ",[69,50895,80],{"class":79},[69,50897,7512],{"class":94},[69,50899,50900,50902,50904,50906,50908,50911,50913],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,50901,110],{"class":109},[69,50903,113],{"class":83},[69,50905,10801],{"class":109},[69,50907,113],{"class":83},[69,50909,50910],{"class":121},"empty_text",[69,50912,125],{"class":83},[69,50914,50915],{"class":128},"  # 0\n",[14,50917,50918],{},"This matters when checking user input:",[60,50920,50922],{"className":62,"code":50921,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"user_name = \"Alice\"\n\nif len(user_name) >= 3:\n    print(\"Name is long enough\")\n",[17,50923,50924,50937,50941,50961],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,50925,50926,50929,50931,50933,50935],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,50927,50928],{"class":75},"user_name ",[69,50930,80],{"class":79},[69,50932,964],{"class":94},[69,50934,4831],{"class":336},[69,50936,3224],{"class":94},[69,50938,50939],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,50940,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,50942,50943,50945,50947,50949,50952,50954,50957,50959],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,50944,6625],{"class":773},[69,50946,38048],{"class":109},[69,50948,113],{"class":83},[69,50950,50951],{"class":121},"user_name",[69,50953,3525],{"class":83},[69,50955,50956],{"class":79}," >=",[69,50958,516],{"class":87},[69,50960,1235],{"class":83},[69,50962,50963,50965,50967,50969,50972,50974],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,50964,7700],{"class":109},[69,50966,113],{"class":83},[69,50968,333],{"class":94},[69,50970,50971],{"class":336},"Name is long enough",[69,50973,333],{"class":94},[69,50975,221],{"class":83},[141,50977,50979],{"id":50978},"using-len-with-lists-and-tuples","Using len() with lists and tuples",[14,50981,50982,50983,50985],{},"For lists and tuples, ",[17,50984,42025],{}," counts how many elements are stored.",[14,50987,50988],{},"Example with a list:",[60,50990,50992],{"className":62,"code":50991,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))  # 3\n",[17,50993,50994,51026],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,50995,50996,50998,51000,51002,51004,51006,51008,51010,51012,51014,51016,51018,51020,51022,51024],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,50997,12720],{"class":75},[69,50999,80],{"class":79},[69,51001,84],{"class":83},[69,51003,333],{"class":94},[69,51005,12737],{"class":336},[69,51007,333],{"class":94},[69,51009,91],{"class":83},[69,51011,964],{"class":94},[69,51013,17104],{"class":336},[69,51015,333],{"class":94},[69,51017,91],{"class":83},[69,51019,964],{"class":94},[69,51021,12754],{"class":336},[69,51023,333],{"class":94},[69,51025,103],{"class":83},[69,51027,51028,51030,51032,51034,51036,51038,51040],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,51029,110],{"class":109},[69,51031,113],{"class":83},[69,51033,10801],{"class":109},[69,51035,113],{"class":83},[69,51037,17151],{"class":121},[69,51039,125],{"class":83},[69,51041,50438],{"class":128},[14,51043,37578],{},[60,51045,51047],{"className":62,"code":51046,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"point = (10, 20)\nprint(len(point))  # 2\n",[17,51048,51049,51066],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,51050,51051,51054,51056,51058,51060,51062,51064],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,51052,51053],{"class":75},"point ",[69,51055,80],{"class":79},[69,51057,8872],{"class":83},[69,51059,2197],{"class":87},[69,51061,91],{"class":83},[69,51063,7420],{"class":87},[69,51065,221],{"class":83},[69,51067,51068,51070,51072,51074,51076,51079,51081],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,51069,110],{"class":109},[69,51071,113],{"class":83},[69,51073,10801],{"class":109},[69,51075,113],{"class":83},[69,51077,51078],{"class":121},"point",[69,51080,125],{"class":83},[69,51082,51083],{"class":128},"  # 2\n",[14,51085,51086],{},"This is useful before indexing so you do not try to access an item that is not there:",[60,51088,51090],{"className":62,"code":51089,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\n\nif len(items) > 1:\n    print(items[1])  # banana\n",[17,51091,51092,51116,51120,51138],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,51093,51094,51096,51098,51100,51102,51104,51106,51108,51110,51112,51114],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,51095,7409],{"class":75},[69,51097,80],{"class":79},[69,51099,84],{"class":83},[69,51101,333],{"class":94},[69,51103,952],{"class":336},[69,51105,333],{"class":94},[69,51107,91],{"class":83},[69,51109,964],{"class":94},[69,51111,967],{"class":336},[69,51113,333],{"class":94},[69,51115,103],{"class":83},[69,51117,51118],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,51119,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,51121,51122,51124,51126,51128,51130,51132,51134,51136],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,51123,6625],{"class":773},[69,51125,38048],{"class":109},[69,51127,113],{"class":83},[69,51129,7440],{"class":121},[69,51131,3525],{"class":83},[69,51133,38058],{"class":79},[69,51135,272],{"class":87},[69,51137,1235],{"class":83},[69,51139,51140,51142,51144,51146,51148,51150,51152],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,51141,7700],{"class":109},[69,51143,113],{"class":83},[69,51145,7440],{"class":121},[69,51147,3739],{"class":83},[69,51149,473],{"class":87},[69,51151,20096],{"class":83},[69,51153,51154],{"class":128},"  # banana\n",[14,51156,51157],{},"It is also common in loops and checks:",[60,51159,51161],{"className":62,"code":51160,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"scores = [88, 91, 75]\nprint(\"Number of scores:\", len(scores))\n",[17,51162,51163,51186],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,51164,51165,51167,51169,51171,51174,51176,51179,51181,51184],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,51166,4891],{"class":75},[69,51168,80],{"class":79},[69,51170,84],{"class":83},[69,51172,51173],{"class":87},"88",[69,51175,91],{"class":83},[69,51177,51178],{"class":87}," 91",[69,51180,91],{"class":83},[69,51182,51183],{"class":87}," 75",[69,51185,103],{"class":83},[69,51187,51188,51190,51192,51194,51197,51199,51201,51203,51205,51207],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,51189,110],{"class":109},[69,51191,113],{"class":83},[69,51193,333],{"class":94},[69,51195,51196],{"class":336},"Number of scores:",[69,51198,333],{"class":94},[69,51200,91],{"class":83},[69,51202,38048],{"class":109},[69,51204,113],{"class":83},[69,51206,16036],{"class":121},[69,51208,342],{"class":83},[14,51210,51211,51212,25],{},"If you want a task-focused example, see ",[192,51213,51215],{"href":51214},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to get the length of a list in Python",[141,51217,51219],{"id":51218},"using-len-with-dictionaries-and-sets","Using len() with dictionaries and sets",[14,51221,51222,51223,51225],{},"For dictionaries, ",[17,51224,42025],{}," counts keys.",[60,51227,51229],{"className":62,"code":51228,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Mia\",\n    \"age\": 12,\n    \"grade\": \"A\"\n}\n\nprint(len(student))  # 3\n",[17,51230,51231,51239,51257,51271,51287,51291,51295],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,51232,51233,51235,51237],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,51234,12507],{"class":75},[69,51236,80],{"class":79},[69,51238,11134],{"class":83},[69,51240,51241,51243,51245,51247,51249,51251,51253,51255],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,51242,11139],{"class":94},[69,51244,7297],{"class":336},[69,51246,333],{"class":94},[69,51248,1044],{"class":83},[69,51250,964],{"class":94},[69,51252,7552],{"class":336},[69,51254,333],{"class":94},[69,51256,11155],{"class":83},[69,51258,51259,51261,51263,51265,51267,51269],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,51260,11139],{"class":94},[69,51262,8935],{"class":336},[69,51264,333],{"class":94},[69,51266,1044],{"class":83},[69,51268,30598],{"class":87},[69,51270,11155],{"class":83},[69,51272,51273,51275,51277,51279,51281,51283,51285],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,51274,11139],{"class":94},[69,51276,19541],{"class":336},[69,51278,333],{"class":94},[69,51280,1044],{"class":83},[69,51282,964],{"class":94},[69,51284,21896],{"class":336},[69,51286,3224],{"class":94},[69,51288,51289],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,51290,8945],{"class":83},[69,51292,51293],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,51294,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,51296,51297,51299,51301,51303,51305,51307,51309],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,51298,110],{"class":109},[69,51300,113],{"class":83},[69,51302,10801],{"class":109},[69,51304,113],{"class":83},[69,51306,13271],{"class":121},[69,51308,125],{"class":83},[69,51310,50438],{"class":128},[14,51312,51313,51314,51316],{},"Even though the dictionary has keys and values, ",[17,51315,42025],{}," returns the number of keys.",[14,51318,51319,51320,51322],{},"For sets, ",[17,51321,42025],{}," counts unique items:",[60,51324,51326],{"className":62,"code":51325,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 3, 2}\nprint(len(numbers))  # 3\n",[17,51327,51328,51356],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,51329,51330,51332,51334,51336,51338,51340,51342,51344,51346,51348,51350,51352,51354],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,51331,801],{"class":75},[69,51333,80],{"class":79},[69,51335,10128],{"class":83},[69,51337,473],{"class":87},[69,51339,91],{"class":83},[69,51341,316],{"class":87},[69,51343,91],{"class":83},[69,51345,516],{"class":87},[69,51347,91],{"class":83},[69,51349,516],{"class":87},[69,51351,91],{"class":83},[69,51353,316],{"class":87},[69,51355,8945],{"class":83},[69,51357,51358,51360,51362,51364,51366,51368,51370],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,51359,110],{"class":109},[69,51361,113],{"class":83},[69,51363,10801],{"class":109},[69,51365,113],{"class":83},[69,51367,3512],{"class":121},[69,51369,125],{"class":83},[69,51371,50438],{"class":128},[14,51373,51374],{},"The repeated values are removed in a set, so only unique items are counted.",[14,51376,51377],{},"This is useful when checking if a collection is empty:",[60,51379,51381],{"className":62,"code":51380,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = {}\n\nif len(data) == 0:\n    print(\"The dictionary is empty\")\n",[17,51382,51383,51391,51395,51413],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,51384,51385,51387,51389],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,51386,8801],{"class":75},[69,51388,80],{"class":79},[69,51390,9475],{"class":83},[69,51392,51393],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,51394,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,51396,51397,51399,51401,51403,51405,51407,51409,51411],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,51398,6625],{"class":773},[69,51400,38048],{"class":109},[69,51402,113],{"class":83},[69,51404,8840],{"class":121},[69,51406,3525],{"class":83},[69,51408,1251],{"class":79},[69,51410,267],{"class":87},[69,51412,1235],{"class":83},[69,51414,51415,51417,51419,51421,51424,51426],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,51416,7700],{"class":109},[69,51418,113],{"class":83},[69,51420,333],{"class":94},[69,51422,51423],{"class":336},"The dictionary is empty",[69,51425,333],{"class":94},[69,51427,221],{"class":83},[141,51429,40709],{"id":40708},[14,51431,51432,51433,25],{},"Here are some practical ways beginners use ",[17,51434,42025],{},[1369,51436,51438],{"id":51437},"check-if-a-list-is-empty","Check if a list is empty",[60,51440,51442],{"className":62,"code":51441,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = []\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[17,51443,51444,51452,51456,51474],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,51445,51446,51448,51450],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,51447,7409],{"class":75},[69,51449,80],{"class":79},[69,51451,7469],{"class":83},[69,51453,51454],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,51455,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,51457,51458,51460,51462,51464,51466,51468,51470,51472],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,51459,6625],{"class":773},[69,51461,38048],{"class":109},[69,51463,113],{"class":83},[69,51465,7440],{"class":121},[69,51467,3525],{"class":83},[69,51469,1251],{"class":79},[69,51471,267],{"class":87},[69,51473,1235],{"class":83},[69,51475,51476,51478,51480,51482,51485,51487],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,51477,7700],{"class":109},[69,51479,113],{"class":83},[69,51481,333],{"class":94},[69,51483,51484],{"class":336},"The list is empty",[69,51486,333],{"class":94},[69,51488,221],{"class":83},[1369,51490,51492],{"id":51491},"count-letters-in-user-input","Count letters in user input",[60,51494,51496],{"className":62,"code":51495,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"word = input(\"Enter a word: \")\nprint(\"Number of characters:\", len(word))\n",[17,51497,51498,51517],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,51499,51500,51502,51504,51506,51508,51510,51513,51515],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,51501,989],{"class":75},[69,51503,80],{"class":79},[69,51505,7874],{"class":109},[69,51507,113],{"class":83},[69,51509,333],{"class":94},[69,51511,51512],{"class":336},"Enter a word: ",[69,51514,333],{"class":94},[69,51516,221],{"class":83},[69,51518,51519,51521,51523,51525,51528,51530,51532,51534,51536,51538],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,51520,110],{"class":109},[69,51522,113],{"class":83},[69,51524,333],{"class":94},[69,51526,51527],{"class":336},"Number of characters:",[69,51529,333],{"class":94},[69,51531,91],{"class":83},[69,51533,38048],{"class":109},[69,51535,113],{"class":83},[69,51537,38053],{"class":121},[69,51539,342],{"class":83},[1369,51541,51543],{"id":51542},"validate-minimum-password-length","Validate minimum password length",[60,51545,51547],{"className":62,"code":51546,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"password = \"secret123\"\n\nif len(password) >= 8:\n    print(\"Password length is valid\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Password is too short\")\n",[17,51548,51549,51563,51567,51585,51600,51606],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,51550,51551,51554,51556,51558,51561],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,51552,51553],{"class":75},"password ",[69,51555,80],{"class":79},[69,51557,964],{"class":94},[69,51559,51560],{"class":336},"secret123",[69,51562,3224],{"class":94},[69,51564,51565],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,51566,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,51568,51569,51571,51573,51575,51577,51579,51581,51583],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,51570,6625],{"class":773},[69,51572,38048],{"class":109},[69,51574,113],{"class":83},[69,51576,17270],{"class":121},[69,51578,3525],{"class":83},[69,51580,50956],{"class":79},[69,51582,1200],{"class":87},[69,51584,1235],{"class":83},[69,51586,51587,51589,51591,51593,51596,51598],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,51588,7700],{"class":109},[69,51590,113],{"class":83},[69,51592,333],{"class":94},[69,51594,51595],{"class":336},"Password length is valid",[69,51597,333],{"class":94},[69,51599,221],{"class":83},[69,51601,51602,51604],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,51603,27087],{"class":773},[69,51605,1235],{"class":83},[69,51607,51608,51610,51612,51614,51617,51619],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,51609,7700],{"class":109},[69,51611,113],{"class":83},[69,51613,333],{"class":94},[69,51615,51616],{"class":336},"Password is too short",[69,51618,333],{"class":94},[69,51620,221],{"class":83},[1369,51622,51624],{"id":51623},"check-how-many-items-were-read","Check how many items were read",[60,51626,51628],{"className":62,"code":51627,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"results = [\"item1\", \"item2\", \"item3\"]\nprint(\"Items found:\", len(results))\n",[17,51629,51630,51666],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,51631,51632,51635,51637,51639,51641,51644,51646,51648,51650,51653,51655,51657,51659,51662,51664],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,51633,51634],{"class":75},"results ",[69,51636,80],{"class":79},[69,51638,84],{"class":83},[69,51640,333],{"class":94},[69,51642,51643],{"class":336},"item1",[69,51645,333],{"class":94},[69,51647,91],{"class":83},[69,51649,964],{"class":94},[69,51651,51652],{"class":336},"item2",[69,51654,333],{"class":94},[69,51656,91],{"class":83},[69,51658,964],{"class":94},[69,51660,51661],{"class":336},"item3",[69,51663,333],{"class":94},[69,51665,103],{"class":83},[69,51667,51668,51670,51672,51674,51677,51679,51681,51683,51685,51688],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,51669,110],{"class":109},[69,51671,113],{"class":83},[69,51673,333],{"class":94},[69,51675,51676],{"class":336},"Items found:",[69,51678,333],{"class":94},[69,51680,91],{"class":83},[69,51682,38048],{"class":109},[69,51684,113],{"class":83},[69,51686,51687],{"class":121},"results",[69,51689,342],{"class":83},[14,51691,51692],{},"These are the kinds of small checks that make programs safer and easier to debug.",[141,51694,51696],{"id":51695},"objects-that-can-cause-errors","Objects that can cause errors",[14,51698,51699,51701],{},[17,51700,42025],{}," does not work on every value.",[14,51703,51704,51705,1044],{},"These will raise a ",[17,51706,2870],{},[30,51708,51709,51712,51715],{},[33,51710,51711],{},"plain integers",[33,51713,51714],{},"floats",[33,51716,51717],{},[17,51718,449],{},[14,51720,2076],{},[60,51722,51724],{"className":62,"code":51723,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(len(5))\n",[17,51725,51726],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,51727,51728,51730,51732,51734,51736,51738],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,51729,110],{"class":109},[69,51731,113],{"class":83},[69,51733,10801],{"class":109},[69,51735,113],{"class":83},[69,51737,670],{"class":87},[69,51739,342],{"class":83},[14,51741,51742,51743,51745],{},"This causes an error because the integer ",[17,51744,670],{}," does not have a length.",[14,51747,51748],{},"Another example:",[60,51750,51752],{"className":62,"code":51751,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(len(3.14))\n",[17,51753,51754],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,51755,51756,51758,51760,51762,51764,51766],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,51757,110],{"class":109},[69,51759,113],{"class":83},[69,51761,10801],{"class":109},[69,51763,113],{"class":83},[69,51765,39806],{"class":87},[69,51767,342],{"class":83},[14,51769,51770,51771,1044],{},"And with ",[17,51772,449],{},[60,51774,51776],{"className":62,"code":51775,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = None\nprint(len(value))\n",[17,51777,51778,51786],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,51779,51780,51782,51784],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,51781,2313],{"class":75},[69,51783,80],{"class":79},[69,51785,48194],{"class":289},[69,51787,51788,51790,51792,51794,51796,51798],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,51789,110],{"class":109},[69,51791,113],{"class":83},[69,51793,10801],{"class":109},[69,51795,113],{"class":83},[69,51797,2339],{"class":121},[69,51799,342],{"class":83},[14,51801,51802,51803,25],{},"If your code fails because a value is missing, it may help to read ",[192,51804,51806],{"href":51805},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-nonetype-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable",[141,51808,51810],{"id":51809},"how-to-avoid-mistakes","How to avoid mistakes",[14,51812,51813,51814,51816],{},"Before using ",[17,51815,42025],{},", make sure the value is a string or collection.",[14,51818,51819],{},"Helpful debugging steps:",[60,51821,51823],{"className":62,"code":51822,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = None\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(isinstance(value, list))\nprint(isinstance(value, dict))\n",[17,51824,51825,51833,51837,51847,51861,51879,51897],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,51826,51827,51829,51831],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,51828,2313],{"class":75},[69,51830,80],{"class":79},[69,51832,48194],{"class":289},[69,51834,51835],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,51836,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,51838,51839,51841,51843,51845],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,51840,110],{"class":109},[69,51842,113],{"class":83},[69,51844,2339],{"class":121},[69,51846,221],{"class":83},[69,51848,51849,51851,51853,51855,51857,51859],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,51850,110],{"class":109},[69,51852,113],{"class":83},[69,51854,3087],{"class":1126},[69,51856,113],{"class":83},[69,51858,2339],{"class":121},[69,51860,342],{"class":83},[69,51862,51863,51865,51867,51869,51871,51873,51875,51877],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,51864,110],{"class":109},[69,51866,113],{"class":83},[69,51868,48542],{"class":109},[69,51870,113],{"class":83},[69,51872,2339],{"class":121},[69,51874,91],{"class":83},[69,51876,48571],{"class":1126},[69,51878,342],{"class":83},[69,51880,51881,51883,51885,51887,51889,51891,51893,51895],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,51882,110],{"class":109},[69,51884,113],{"class":83},[69,51886,48542],{"class":109},[69,51888,113],{"class":83},[69,51890,2339],{"class":121},[69,51892,91],{"class":83},[69,51894,22211],{"class":1126},[69,51896,342],{"class":83},[69,51898,51899,51901,51903,51905,51907,51909,51911,51913],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,51900,110],{"class":109},[69,51902,113],{"class":83},[69,51904,48542],{"class":109},[69,51906,113],{"class":83},[69,51908,2339],{"class":121},[69,51910,91],{"class":83},[69,51912,8806],{"class":1126},[69,51914,342],{"class":83},[14,51916,51917],{},"This helps you see what the variable actually contains.",[14,51919,51920],{},"You can also use a safe check:",[60,51922,51924],{"className":62,"code":51923,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = \"hello\"\n\nif value is not None:\n    print(len(value))\n",[17,51925,51926,51938,51942,51956],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,51927,51928,51930,51932,51934,51936],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,51929,2313],{"class":75},[69,51931,80],{"class":79},[69,51933,964],{"class":94},[69,51935,337],{"class":336},[69,51937,3224],{"class":94},[69,51939,51940],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,51941,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,51943,51944,51946,51948,51950,51952,51954],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,51945,6625],{"class":773},[69,51947,21235],{"class":75},[69,51949,11836],{"class":79},[69,51951,7731],{"class":79},[69,51953,567],{"class":289},[69,51955,1235],{"class":83},[69,51957,51958,51960,51962,51964,51966,51968],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,51959,7700],{"class":109},[69,51961,113],{"class":83},[69,51963,10801],{"class":109},[69,51965,113],{"class":83},[69,51967,2339],{"class":121},[69,51969,342],{"class":83},[14,51971,51972,51973,25],{},"If you are learning how to inspect values, see ",[192,51974,8075],{"href":2165},[141,51976,2698],{"id":2697},[14,51978,22746,51979,1044],{},[17,51980,42025],{},[30,51982,51983,51991,51999,52007,52013],{},[33,51984,8050,51985,51987,51988],{},[17,51986,42025],{}," on an integer like ",[17,51989,51990],{},"len(5)",[33,51992,8050,51993,51995,51996],{},[17,51994,42025],{}," on a float like ",[17,51997,51998],{},"len(3.14)",[33,52000,8050,52001,52003,52004,52006],{},[17,52002,42025],{}," on ",[17,52005,449],{}," after a function returns nothing",[33,52008,4406,52009,52012],{},[17,52010,52011],{},"len(dictionary)"," counts values instead of keys",[33,52014,52015],{},"Forgetting that spaces count in string length",[14,52017,52018],{},"Example of a dictionary misunderstanding:",[60,52020,52022],{"className":62,"code":52021,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(len(person))  # 2\n",[17,52023,52024,52060],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,52025,52026,52028,52030,52032,52034,52036,52038,52040,52042,52044,52046,52048,52050,52052,52054,52056,52058],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,52027,12849],{"class":75},[69,52029,80],{"class":79},[69,52031,10128],{"class":83},[69,52033,333],{"class":94},[69,52035,7297],{"class":336},[69,52037,333],{"class":94},[69,52039,1044],{"class":83},[69,52041,964],{"class":94},[69,52043,12524],{"class":336},[69,52045,333],{"class":94},[69,52047,91],{"class":83},[69,52049,964],{"class":94},[69,52051,8935],{"class":336},[69,52053,333],{"class":94},[69,52055,1044],{"class":83},[69,52057,7420],{"class":87},[69,52059,8945],{"class":83},[69,52061,52062,52064,52066,52068,52070,52072,52074],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,52063,110],{"class":109},[69,52065,113],{"class":83},[69,52067,10801],{"class":109},[69,52069,113],{"class":83},[69,52071,16955],{"class":121},[69,52073,125],{"class":83},[69,52075,51083],{"class":128},[14,52077,37256,52078,52080,52081,587,52083,25],{},[17,52079,821],{}," because there are two keys: ",[17,52082,14886],{},[17,52084,52085],{},"\"age\"",[14,52087,52088],{},"Example showing that spaces count:",[60,52090,52092],{"className":62,"code":52091,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"a b\"\nprint(len(text))  # 3\n",[17,52093,52094,52107],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,52095,52096,52098,52100,52102,52105],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,52097,34345],{"class":75},[69,52099,80],{"class":79},[69,52101,964],{"class":94},[69,52103,52104],{"class":336},"a b",[69,52106,3224],{"class":94},[69,52108,52109,52111,52113,52115,52117,52119,52121],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,52110,110],{"class":109},[69,52112,113],{"class":83},[69,52114,10801],{"class":109},[69,52116,113],{"class":83},[69,52118,34366],{"class":121},[69,52120,125],{"class":83},[69,52122,50438],{"class":128},[14,52124,52125],{},"The space in the middle is counted as a character.",[141,52127,1651],{"id":1650},[1369,52129,52131],{"id":52130},"what-does-len-return-in-python","What does len() return in Python?",[14,52133,52134],{},"It returns an integer that shows how many characters or items an object contains.",[1369,52136,52138],{"id":52137},"does-len-count-spaces-in-a-string","Does len() count spaces in a string?",[14,52140,52141],{},"Yes. Spaces are characters, so they are included.",[1369,52143,52145],{"id":52144},"what-does-len-return-for-a-dictionary","What does len() return for a dictionary?",[14,52147,52148],{},"It returns the number of keys in the dictionary.",[1369,52150,52152],{"id":52151},"can-i-use-len-on-a-number","Can I use len() on a number?",[14,52154,52155,52156,52158,52159,54,52161,52163,52164,25],{},"No. Using ",[17,52157,42025],{}," on an ",[17,52160,2056],{},[17,52162,2060],{}," raises a ",[17,52165,2870],{},[1369,52167,52169],{"id":52168},"how-do-i-check-if-a-list-is-empty","How do I check if a list is empty?",[14,52171,7392,52172,25],{},[17,52173,52174],{},"len(my_list) == 0",[14,52176,2076],{},[60,52178,52180],{"className":62,"code":52179,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_list = []\n\nif len(my_list) == 0:\n    print(\"Empty list\")\n",[17,52181,52182,52190,52194,52212],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,52183,52184,52186,52188],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,52185,7940],{"class":75},[69,52187,80],{"class":79},[69,52189,7469],{"class":83},[69,52191,52192],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,52193,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,52195,52196,52198,52200,52202,52204,52206,52208,52210],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,52197,6625],{"class":773},[69,52199,38048],{"class":109},[69,52201,113],{"class":83},[69,52203,7971],{"class":121},[69,52205,3525],{"class":83},[69,52207,1251],{"class":79},[69,52209,267],{"class":87},[69,52211,1235],{"class":83},[69,52213,52214,52216,52218,52220,52223,52225],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,52215,7700],{"class":109},[69,52217,113],{"class":83},[69,52219,333],{"class":94},[69,52221,52222],{"class":336},"Empty list",[69,52224,333],{"class":94},[69,52226,221],{"class":83},[14,52228,52229,52230,52232,52233,52235,52236,52238],{},"You should also learn that an empty list is treated as ",[17,52231,57],{}," in an ",[17,52234,6625],{}," statement, but ",[17,52237,42025],{}," is often clearer for beginners.",[141,52240,1771],{"id":1770},[30,52242,52243,52247,52251,52255,52260,52264,52270],{},[33,52244,52245],{},[192,52246,50644],{"href":50643},[33,52248,52249],{},[192,52250,50648],{"href":50647},[33,52252,52253],{},[192,52254,8791],{"href":8790},[33,52256,52257],{},[192,52258,52259],{"href":51214},"How to get the length of a list in Python",[33,52261,52262],{},[192,52263,8075],{"href":2165},[33,52265,52266],{},[192,52267,52269],{"href":52268},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable fix",[33,52271,52272],{},[192,52273,52274],{"href":51805},"TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable fix",[1802,52276,52277],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":52279},[52280,52281,52282,52283,52284,52285,52286,52292,52293,52294,52295,52302],{"id":1869,"depth":106,"text":1870},{"id":50446,"depth":106,"text":50447},{"id":2023,"depth":106,"text":2024},{"id":50791,"depth":106,"text":50792},{"id":50978,"depth":106,"text":50979},{"id":51218,"depth":106,"text":51219},{"id":40708,"depth":106,"text":40709,"children":52287},[52288,52289,52290,52291],{"id":51437,"depth":300,"text":51438},{"id":51491,"depth":300,"text":51492},{"id":51542,"depth":300,"text":51543},{"id":51623,"depth":300,"text":51624},{"id":51695,"depth":106,"text":51696},{"id":51809,"depth":106,"text":51810},{"id":2697,"depth":106,"text":2698},{"id":1650,"depth":106,"text":1651,"children":52296},[52297,52298,52299,52300,52301],{"id":52130,"depth":300,"text":52131},{"id":52137,"depth":300,"text":52138},{"id":52144,"depth":300,"text":52145},{"id":52151,"depth":300,"text":52152},{"id":52168,"depth":300,"text":52169},{"id":1770,"depth":106,"text":1771},"Master python len function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained",{"title":50329,"description":52303},"reference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained","du6gacH3zkUY8V4BWqahXrJZO1Il9uelaQIY05kGhk4",{"id":52310,"title":52311,"body":52312,"description":53997,"extension":1828,"meta":53998,"navigation":833,"path":53999,"seo":54000,"stem":54001,"__hash__":54002},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method.md","Python List append() Method",{"type":7,"value":52313,"toc":53970},[52314,52317,52331,52337,52339,52393,52398,52402,52418,52421,52435,52441,52443,52446,52465,52481,52483,52559,52561,52598,52609,52611,52614,52675,52677,52710,52713,52719,52723,52726,52851,52853,52912,52920,52973,52975,53002,53008,53018,53022,53025,53030,53082,53084,53110,53116,53170,53172,53197,53200,53224,53230,53232,53236,53238,53295,53297,53305,53307,53329,53331,53384,53386,53410,53414,53416,53455,53457,53465,53471,53475,53527,53529,53555,53563,53567,53572,53581,53583,53649,53651,53683,53687,53692,53694,53708,53711,53784,53786,53812,53814,53818,53825,53829,53836,53840,53843,53845,53898,53900,53926,53930,53939,53941,53967],[10,52315,52311],{"id":52316},"python-list-append-method",[14,52318,1845,52319,52322,52323,52326,52327,52330],{},[17,52320,52321],{},"append()"," method adds ",[22,52324,52325],{},"one item"," to the ",[22,52328,52329],{},"end"," of a Python list.",[14,52332,52333,52334,52336],{},"Use it when you want to grow a list step by step. This method changes the original list directly, so it does ",[22,52335,4457],{}," create a new list.",[141,52338,3473],{"id":3472},[60,52340,52342],{"className":62,"code":52341,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.append(4)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[17,52343,52344,52364,52378,52388],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,52345,52346,52348,52350,52352,52354,52356,52358,52360,52362],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,52347,801],{"class":75},[69,52349,80],{"class":79},[69,52351,84],{"class":83},[69,52353,473],{"class":87},[69,52355,91],{"class":83},[69,52357,316],{"class":87},[69,52359,91],{"class":83},[69,52361,516],{"class":87},[69,52363,103],{"class":83},[69,52365,52366,52368,52370,52372,52374,52376],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,52367,3512],{"class":75},[69,52369,25],{"class":83},[69,52371,13198],{"class":121},[69,52373,113],{"class":83},[69,52375,808],{"class":87},[69,52377,221],{"class":83},[69,52379,52380,52382,52384,52386],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,52381,110],{"class":109},[69,52383,113],{"class":83},[69,52385,3512],{"class":121},[69,52387,221],{"class":83},[69,52389,52390],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,52391,52392],{"class":128},"# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[14,52394,132,52395,52397],{},[17,52396,52321],{}," to add one item to the end of a list. It changes the original list.",[141,52399,52401],{"id":52400},"what-append-does","What append() does",[30,52403,52404,52409,52412,52415],{},[33,52405,52406,52408],{},[17,52407,52321],{}," adds one item to the end of a list",[33,52410,52411],{},"It changes the existing list in place",[33,52413,52414],{},"It does not create a new list",[33,52416,52417],{},"It can add any Python object as one item",[14,52419,52420],{},"This means you can append:",[30,52422,52423,52425,52427,52429,52431,52433],{},[33,52424,3512],{},[33,52426,44],{},[33,52428,40257],{},[33,52430,35],{},[33,52432,6879],{},[33,52434,34319],{},[14,52436,52437,52438,25],{},"If you need a broader introduction to lists first, see ",[192,52439,52440],{"href":50647},"Python lists explained for beginners",[141,52442,201],{"id":200},[14,52444,52445],{},"Basic form:",[60,52447,52449],{"className":62,"code":52448,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_list.append(item)\n",[17,52450,52451],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,52452,52453,52455,52457,52459,52461,52463],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,52454,7971],{"class":75},[69,52456,25],{"class":83},[69,52458,13198],{"class":121},[69,52460,113],{"class":83},[69,52462,22962],{"class":121},[69,52464,221],{"class":83},[30,52466,52467,52472,52477],{},[33,52468,52469,52471],{},[17,52470,7971],{}," is the list you want to change",[33,52473,52474,52476],{},[17,52475,22962],{}," is the value or object to add",[33,52478,11553,52479],{},[17,52480,449],{},[14,52482,2076],{},[60,52484,52486],{"className":62,"code":52485,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nresult = fruits.append(\"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(result)\n",[17,52487,52488,52512,52535,52539,52549],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,52489,52490,52492,52494,52496,52498,52500,52502,52504,52506,52508,52510],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,52491,35899],{"class":75},[69,52493,80],{"class":79},[69,52495,84],{"class":83},[69,52497,333],{"class":94},[69,52499,952],{"class":336},[69,52501,333],{"class":94},[69,52503,91],{"class":83},[69,52505,964],{"class":94},[69,52507,967],{"class":336},[69,52509,333],{"class":94},[69,52511,103],{"class":83},[69,52513,52514,52516,52518,52521,52523,52525,52527,52529,52531,52533],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,52515,839],{"class":75},[69,52517,80],{"class":79},[69,52519,52520],{"class":75}," fruits",[69,52522,25],{"class":83},[69,52524,13198],{"class":121},[69,52526,113],{"class":83},[69,52528,333],{"class":94},[69,52530,32877],{"class":336},[69,52532,333],{"class":94},[69,52534,221],{"class":83},[69,52536,52537],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,52538,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,52540,52541,52543,52545,52547],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,52542,110],{"class":109},[69,52544,113],{"class":83},[69,52546,35951],{"class":121},[69,52548,221],{"class":83},[69,52550,52551,52553,52555,52557],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,52552,110],{"class":109},[69,52554,113],{"class":83},[69,52556,876],{"class":121},[69,52558,221],{"class":83},[14,52560,643],{},[60,52562,52564],{"className":62,"code":52563,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\nNone\n",[17,52565,52566,52594],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,52567,52568,52570,52572,52574,52576,52578,52580,52582,52584,52586,52588,52590,52592],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,52569,3739],{"class":83},[69,52571,488],{"class":94},[69,52573,952],{"class":336},[69,52575,488],{"class":94},[69,52577,91],{"class":83},[69,52579,3161],{"class":94},[69,52581,967],{"class":336},[69,52583,488],{"class":94},[69,52585,91],{"class":83},[69,52587,3161],{"class":94},[69,52589,32877],{"class":336},[69,52591,488],{"class":94},[69,52593,103],{"class":83},[69,52595,52596],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,52597,11450],{"class":289},[14,52599,52600,52601,52603,52604,52606,52607,25],{},"The important detail is that ",[17,52602,52321],{}," updates ",[17,52605,35951],{},", but the method itself returns ",[17,52608,449],{},[141,52610,11116],{"id":11115},[14,52612,52613],{},"Start with a short list, append one value, then print the list.",[60,52615,52617],{"className":62,"code":52616,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.append(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[17,52618,52619,52643,52661,52665],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,52620,52621,52623,52625,52627,52629,52631,52633,52635,52637,52639,52641],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,52622,12720],{"class":75},[69,52624,80],{"class":79},[69,52626,84],{"class":83},[69,52628,333],{"class":94},[69,52630,12737],{"class":336},[69,52632,333],{"class":94},[69,52634,91],{"class":83},[69,52636,964],{"class":94},[69,52638,12754],{"class":336},[69,52640,333],{"class":94},[69,52642,103],{"class":83},[69,52644,52645,52647,52649,52651,52653,52655,52657,52659],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,52646,17151],{"class":75},[69,52648,25],{"class":83},[69,52650,13198],{"class":121},[69,52652,113],{"class":83},[69,52654,333],{"class":94},[69,52656,17104],{"class":336},[69,52658,333],{"class":94},[69,52660,221],{"class":83},[69,52662,52663],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,52664,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,52666,52667,52669,52671,52673],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,52668,110],{"class":109},[69,52670,113],{"class":83},[69,52672,17151],{"class":121},[69,52674,221],{"class":83},[14,52676,643],{},[60,52678,52680],{"className":62,"code":52679,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[17,52681,52682],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,52683,52684,52686,52688,52690,52692,52694,52696,52698,52700,52702,52704,52706,52708],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,52685,3739],{"class":83},[69,52687,488],{"class":94},[69,52689,12737],{"class":336},[69,52691,488],{"class":94},[69,52693,91],{"class":83},[69,52695,3161],{"class":94},[69,52697,12754],{"class":336},[69,52699,488],{"class":94},[69,52701,91],{"class":83},[69,52703,3161],{"class":94},[69,52705,17104],{"class":336},[69,52707,488],{"class":94},[69,52709,103],{"class":83},[14,52711,52712],{},"The new item becomes the last item in the list.",[14,52714,30738,52715,25],{},[192,52716,52718],{"href":52717},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to add an item to a list in Python",[141,52720,52722],{"id":52721},"appending-different-data-types","Appending different data types",[14,52724,52725],{},"You can append many kinds of values.",[60,52727,52729],{"className":62,"code":52728,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = []\n\nitems.append(10)\nitems.append(\"hello\")\nitems.append(True)\nitems.append({\"name\": \"Sam\"})\nitems.append([1, 2, 3])\n\nprint(items)\n",[17,52730,52731,52739,52743,52757,52775,52789,52815,52837,52841],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,52732,52733,52735,52737],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,52734,7409],{"class":75},[69,52736,80],{"class":79},[69,52738,7469],{"class":83},[69,52740,52741],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,52742,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,52744,52745,52747,52749,52751,52753,52755],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,52746,7440],{"class":75},[69,52748,25],{"class":83},[69,52750,13198],{"class":121},[69,52752,113],{"class":83},[69,52754,2197],{"class":87},[69,52756,221],{"class":83},[69,52758,52759,52761,52763,52765,52767,52769,52771,52773],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,52760,7440],{"class":75},[69,52762,25],{"class":83},[69,52764,13198],{"class":121},[69,52766,113],{"class":83},[69,52768,333],{"class":94},[69,52770,337],{"class":336},[69,52772,333],{"class":94},[69,52774,221],{"class":83},[69,52776,52777,52779,52781,52783,52785,52787],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,52778,7440],{"class":75},[69,52780,25],{"class":83},[69,52782,13198],{"class":121},[69,52784,113],{"class":83},[69,52786,53],{"class":289},[69,52788,221],{"class":83},[69,52790,52791,52793,52795,52797,52799,52801,52803,52805,52807,52809,52811,52813],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,52792,7440],{"class":75},[69,52794,25],{"class":83},[69,52796,13198],{"class":121},[69,52798,309],{"class":83},[69,52800,333],{"class":94},[69,52802,7297],{"class":336},[69,52804,333],{"class":94},[69,52806,1044],{"class":83},[69,52808,964],{"class":94},[69,52810,7306],{"class":336},[69,52812,333],{"class":94},[69,52814,30151],{"class":83},[69,52816,52817,52819,52821,52823,52825,52827,52829,52831,52833,52835],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,52818,7440],{"class":75},[69,52820,25],{"class":83},[69,52822,13198],{"class":121},[69,52824,260],{"class":83},[69,52826,473],{"class":87},[69,52828,91],{"class":83},[69,52830,316],{"class":87},[69,52832,91],{"class":83},[69,52834,516],{"class":87},[69,52836,3727],{"class":83},[69,52838,52839],{"class":71,"line":1269},[69,52840,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,52842,52843,52845,52847,52849],{"class":71,"line":1275},[69,52844,110],{"class":109},[69,52846,113],{"class":83},[69,52848,7440],{"class":121},[69,52850,221],{"class":83},[14,52852,643],{},[60,52854,52856],{"className":62,"code":52855,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[10, 'hello', True, {'name': 'Sam'}, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[17,52857,52858],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,52859,52860,52862,52864,52866,52868,52870,52872,52874,52876,52878,52880,52882,52884,52886,52888,52890,52892,52894,52897,52899,52901,52903,52905,52907,52909],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,52861,3739],{"class":83},[69,52863,2197],{"class":87},[69,52865,91],{"class":83},[69,52867,3161],{"class":94},[69,52869,337],{"class":336},[69,52871,488],{"class":94},[69,52873,91],{"class":83},[69,52875,1461],{"class":289},[69,52877,91],{"class":83},[69,52879,10128],{"class":83},[69,52881,488],{"class":94},[69,52883,7297],{"class":336},[69,52885,488],{"class":94},[69,52887,1044],{"class":83},[69,52889,3161],{"class":94},[69,52891,7306],{"class":336},[69,52893,488],{"class":94},[69,52895,52896],{"class":83},"},",[69,52898,84],{"class":83},[69,52900,473],{"class":87},[69,52902,91],{"class":83},[69,52904,316],{"class":87},[69,52906,91],{"class":83},[69,52908,516],{"class":87},[69,52910,52911],{"class":83},"]]\n",[14,52913,52914,52915,41819,52917,25],{},"A list added with ",[17,52916,52321],{},[22,52918,52919],{},"one single item",[60,52921,52923],{"className":62,"code":52922,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,52924,52925,52941,52959,52963],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,52926,52927,52929,52931,52933,52935,52937,52939],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,52928,801],{"class":75},[69,52930,80],{"class":79},[69,52932,84],{"class":83},[69,52934,473],{"class":87},[69,52936,91],{"class":83},[69,52938,316],{"class":87},[69,52940,103],{"class":83},[69,52942,52943,52945,52947,52949,52951,52953,52955,52957],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,52944,3512],{"class":75},[69,52946,25],{"class":83},[69,52948,13198],{"class":121},[69,52950,260],{"class":83},[69,52952,1929],{"class":87},[69,52954,91],{"class":83},[69,52956,2323],{"class":87},[69,52958,3727],{"class":83},[69,52960,52961],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,52962,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,52964,52965,52967,52969,52971],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,52966,110],{"class":109},[69,52968,113],{"class":83},[69,52970,3512],{"class":121},[69,52972,221],{"class":83},[14,52974,643],{},[60,52976,52978],{"className":62,"code":52977,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[17,52979,52980],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,52981,52982,52984,52986,52988,52990,52992,52994,52996,52998,53000],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,52983,3739],{"class":83},[69,52985,473],{"class":87},[69,52987,91],{"class":83},[69,52989,316],{"class":87},[69,52991,91],{"class":83},[69,52993,84],{"class":83},[69,52995,1929],{"class":87},[69,52997,91],{"class":83},[69,52999,2323],{"class":87},[69,53001,52911],{"class":83},[14,53003,2152,53004,53007],{},[17,53005,53006],{},"[3, 4]"," was added as one nested list item.",[14,53009,53010,53011,53017],{},"This is different from ",[192,53012,53014],{"href":53013},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method\u002F",[17,53015,53016],{},"list.extend()",", which adds items one by one from another iterable.",[141,53019,53021],{"id":53020},"append-vs-extend","append() vs extend()",[14,53023,53024],{},"This is one of the most common beginner questions.",[1369,53026,8050,53028],{"id":53027},"using-append",[17,53029,52321],{},[60,53031,53032],{"className":62,"code":52922,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,53033,53034,53050,53068,53072],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,53035,53036,53038,53040,53042,53044,53046,53048],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,53037,801],{"class":75},[69,53039,80],{"class":79},[69,53041,84],{"class":83},[69,53043,473],{"class":87},[69,53045,91],{"class":83},[69,53047,316],{"class":87},[69,53049,103],{"class":83},[69,53051,53052,53054,53056,53058,53060,53062,53064,53066],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,53053,3512],{"class":75},[69,53055,25],{"class":83},[69,53057,13198],{"class":121},[69,53059,260],{"class":83},[69,53061,1929],{"class":87},[69,53063,91],{"class":83},[69,53065,2323],{"class":87},[69,53067,3727],{"class":83},[69,53069,53070],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,53071,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,53073,53074,53076,53078,53080],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,53075,110],{"class":109},[69,53077,113],{"class":83},[69,53079,3512],{"class":121},[69,53081,221],{"class":83},[14,53083,643],{},[60,53085,53086],{"className":62,"code":52977,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,53087,53088],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,53089,53090,53092,53094,53096,53098,53100,53102,53104,53106,53108],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,53091,3739],{"class":83},[69,53093,473],{"class":87},[69,53095,91],{"class":83},[69,53097,316],{"class":87},[69,53099,91],{"class":83},[69,53101,84],{"class":83},[69,53103,1929],{"class":87},[69,53105,91],{"class":83},[69,53107,2323],{"class":87},[69,53109,52911],{"class":83},[1369,53111,8050,53113],{"id":53112},"using-extend",[17,53114,53115],{},"extend()",[60,53117,53119],{"className":62,"code":53118,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,53120,53121,53137,53156,53160],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,53122,53123,53125,53127,53129,53131,53133,53135],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,53124,801],{"class":75},[69,53126,80],{"class":79},[69,53128,84],{"class":83},[69,53130,473],{"class":87},[69,53132,91],{"class":83},[69,53134,316],{"class":87},[69,53136,103],{"class":83},[69,53138,53139,53141,53143,53146,53148,53150,53152,53154],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,53140,3512],{"class":75},[69,53142,25],{"class":83},[69,53144,53145],{"class":121},"extend",[69,53147,260],{"class":83},[69,53149,1929],{"class":87},[69,53151,91],{"class":83},[69,53153,2323],{"class":87},[69,53155,3727],{"class":83},[69,53157,53158],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,53159,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,53161,53162,53164,53166,53168],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,53163,110],{"class":109},[69,53165,113],{"class":83},[69,53167,3512],{"class":121},[69,53169,221],{"class":83},[14,53171,643],{},[60,53173,53175],{"className":62,"code":53174,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[17,53176,53177],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,53178,53179,53181,53183,53185,53187,53189,53191,53193,53195],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,53180,3739],{"class":83},[69,53182,473],{"class":87},[69,53184,91],{"class":83},[69,53186,316],{"class":87},[69,53188,91],{"class":83},[69,53190,516],{"class":87},[69,53192,91],{"class":83},[69,53194,2323],{"class":87},[69,53196,103],{"class":83},[14,53198,53199],{},"The difference:",[30,53201,53202,53208,53214,53219],{},[33,53203,53204,53207],{},[17,53205,53206],{},"append([3, 4])"," adds one item: the whole list",[33,53209,53210,53213],{},[17,53211,53212],{},"extend([3, 4])"," adds two separate items",[33,53215,132,53216,53218],{},[17,53217,52321],{}," for one item",[33,53220,132,53221,53223],{},[17,53222,53115],{}," for multiple items from another iterable",[14,53225,53226,53227,25],{},"For the full method reference, see ",[192,53228,53229],{"href":53013},"Python list extend() method",[141,53231,1362],{"id":1361},[1369,53233,53235],{"id":53234},"assigning-the-result-of-append","Assigning the result of append()",[14,53237,25343],{},[60,53239,53241],{"className":62,"code":53240,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[17,53242,53243,53263,53281,53285],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,53244,53245,53247,53249,53251,53253,53255,53257,53259,53261],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,53246,7409],{"class":75},[69,53248,80],{"class":79},[69,53250,84],{"class":83},[69,53252,473],{"class":87},[69,53254,91],{"class":83},[69,53256,316],{"class":87},[69,53258,91],{"class":83},[69,53260,516],{"class":87},[69,53262,103],{"class":83},[69,53264,53265,53267,53269,53271,53273,53275,53277,53279],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,53266,7409],{"class":75},[69,53268,80],{"class":79},[69,53270,783],{"class":75},[69,53272,25],{"class":83},[69,53274,13198],{"class":121},[69,53276,113],{"class":83},[69,53278,808],{"class":87},[69,53280,221],{"class":83},[69,53282,53283],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,53284,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,53286,53287,53289,53291,53293],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,53288,110],{"class":109},[69,53290,113],{"class":83},[69,53292,7440],{"class":121},[69,53294,221],{"class":83},[14,53296,643],{},[60,53298,53299],{"className":62,"code":11450,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,53300,53301],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,53302,53303],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,53304,11450],{"class":289},[14,53306,11542],{},[30,53308,53309,53314,53320],{},[33,53310,53311,53313],{},[17,53312,52321],{}," changes the list in place",[33,53315,53316,678,53318],{},[17,53317,52321],{},[17,53319,449],{},[33,53321,53322,53323,53326,53327],{},"So ",[17,53324,53325],{},"items = items.append(4)"," replaces your list with ",[17,53328,449],{},[14,53330,10446],{},[60,53332,53334],{"className":62,"code":53333,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[17,53335,53336,53356,53370,53374],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,53337,53338,53340,53342,53344,53346,53348,53350,53352,53354],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,53339,7409],{"class":75},[69,53341,80],{"class":79},[69,53343,84],{"class":83},[69,53345,473],{"class":87},[69,53347,91],{"class":83},[69,53349,316],{"class":87},[69,53351,91],{"class":83},[69,53353,516],{"class":87},[69,53355,103],{"class":83},[69,53357,53358,53360,53362,53364,53366,53368],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,53359,7440],{"class":75},[69,53361,25],{"class":83},[69,53363,13198],{"class":121},[69,53365,113],{"class":83},[69,53367,808],{"class":87},[69,53369,221],{"class":83},[69,53371,53372],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,53373,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,53375,53376,53378,53380,53382],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,53377,110],{"class":109},[69,53379,113],{"class":83},[69,53381,7440],{"class":121},[69,53383,221],{"class":83},[14,53385,643],{},[60,53387,53388],{"className":62,"code":53174,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,53389,53390],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,53391,53392,53394,53396,53398,53400,53402,53404,53406,53408],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,53393,3739],{"class":83},[69,53395,473],{"class":87},[69,53397,91],{"class":83},[69,53399,316],{"class":87},[69,53401,91],{"class":83},[69,53403,516],{"class":87},[69,53405,91],{"class":83},[69,53407,2323],{"class":87},[69,53409,103],{"class":83},[1369,53411,53413],{"id":53412},"expecting-append-to-return-the-updated-list","Expecting append() to return the updated list",[14,53415,18563],{},[60,53417,53419],{"className":62,"code":53418,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"updated = [1, 2].append(3)\nprint(updated)\n",[17,53420,53421,53445],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,53422,53423,53425,53427,53429,53431,53433,53435,53437,53439,53441,53443],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,53424,31538],{"class":75},[69,53426,80],{"class":79},[69,53428,84],{"class":83},[69,53430,473],{"class":87},[69,53432,91],{"class":83},[69,53434,316],{"class":87},[69,53436,13195],{"class":83},[69,53438,13198],{"class":121},[69,53440,113],{"class":83},[69,53442,1929],{"class":87},[69,53444,221],{"class":83},[69,53446,53447,53449,53451,53453],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,53448,110],{"class":109},[69,53450,113],{"class":83},[69,53452,31557],{"class":121},[69,53454,221],{"class":83},[14,53456,643],{},[60,53458,53459],{"className":62,"code":11450,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,53460,53461],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,53462,53463],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,53464,11450],{"class":289},[14,53466,53467,53468,53470],{},"Remember: ",[17,53469,52321],{}," updates the list you already have.",[1369,53472,53474],{"id":53473},"using-append-when-extend-is-needed","Using append() when extend() is needed",[60,53476,53477],{"className":62,"code":52922,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,53478,53479,53495,53513,53517],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,53480,53481,53483,53485,53487,53489,53491,53493],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,53482,801],{"class":75},[69,53484,80],{"class":79},[69,53486,84],{"class":83},[69,53488,473],{"class":87},[69,53490,91],{"class":83},[69,53492,316],{"class":87},[69,53494,103],{"class":83},[69,53496,53497,53499,53501,53503,53505,53507,53509,53511],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,53498,3512],{"class":75},[69,53500,25],{"class":83},[69,53502,13198],{"class":121},[69,53504,260],{"class":83},[69,53506,1929],{"class":87},[69,53508,91],{"class":83},[69,53510,2323],{"class":87},[69,53512,3727],{"class":83},[69,53514,53515],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,53516,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,53518,53519,53521,53523,53525],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,53520,110],{"class":109},[69,53522,113],{"class":83},[69,53524,3512],{"class":121},[69,53526,221],{"class":83},[14,53528,643],{},[60,53530,53531],{"className":62,"code":52977,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,53532,53533],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,53534,53535,53537,53539,53541,53543,53545,53547,53549,53551,53553],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,53536,3739],{"class":83},[69,53538,473],{"class":87},[69,53540,91],{"class":83},[69,53542,316],{"class":87},[69,53544,91],{"class":83},[69,53546,84],{"class":83},[69,53548,1929],{"class":87},[69,53550,91],{"class":83},[69,53552,2323],{"class":87},[69,53554,52911],{"class":83},[14,53556,3034,53557,53560,53561,1481],{},[17,53558,53559],{},"[1, 2, 3, 4]",", use ",[17,53562,53115],{},[1369,53564,53566],{"id":53565},"forgetting-that-append-always-adds-at-the-end","Forgetting that append() always adds at the end",[14,53568,53569,53571],{},[17,53570,52321],{}," cannot choose a position. It always adds the new item at the end of the list.",[14,53573,53574,53575,25],{},"If you need to add an item at a specific index, use ",[192,53576,53578],{"href":53577},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method\u002F",[17,53579,53580],{},"list.insert()",[14,53582,2076],{},[60,53584,53586],{"className":62,"code":53585,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[17,53587,53588,53612,53635,53639],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,53589,53590,53592,53594,53596,53598,53600,53602,53604,53606,53608,53610],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,53591,35750],{"class":75},[69,53593,80],{"class":79},[69,53595,84],{"class":83},[69,53597,333],{"class":94},[69,53599,192],{"class":336},[69,53601,333],{"class":94},[69,53603,91],{"class":83},[69,53605,964],{"class":94},[69,53607,9376],{"class":336},[69,53609,333],{"class":94},[69,53611,103],{"class":83},[69,53613,53614,53616,53618,53621,53623,53625,53627,53629,53631,53633],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,53615,35803],{"class":75},[69,53617,25],{"class":83},[69,53619,53620],{"class":121},"insert",[69,53622,113],{"class":83},[69,53624,473],{"class":87},[69,53626,91],{"class":83},[69,53628,964],{"class":94},[69,53630,4587],{"class":336},[69,53632,333],{"class":94},[69,53634,221],{"class":83},[69,53636,53637],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,53638,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,53640,53641,53643,53645,53647],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,53642,110],{"class":109},[69,53644,113],{"class":83},[69,53646,35803],{"class":121},[69,53648,221],{"class":83},[14,53650,643],{},[60,53652,53653],{"className":62,"code":42540,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,53654,53655],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,53656,53657,53659,53661,53663,53665,53667,53669,53671,53673,53675,53677,53679,53681],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,53658,3739],{"class":83},[69,53660,488],{"class":94},[69,53662,192],{"class":336},[69,53664,488],{"class":94},[69,53666,91],{"class":83},[69,53668,3161],{"class":94},[69,53670,4587],{"class":336},[69,53672,488],{"class":94},[69,53674,91],{"class":83},[69,53676,3161],{"class":94},[69,53678,9376],{"class":336},[69,53680,488],{"class":94},[69,53682,103],{"class":83},[141,53684,53686],{"id":53685},"when-to-use-append","When to use append()",[14,53688,53689,53691],{},[17,53690,52321],{}," is useful when you are adding items one at a time.",[14,53693,36086],{},[30,53695,53696,53699,53702,53705],{},[33,53697,53698],{},"building a list in a loop",[33,53700,53701],{},"collecting user input",[33,53703,53704],{},"storing results step by step",[33,53706,53707],{},"adding one new item to existing data",[14,53709,53710],{},"Example with a loop:",[60,53712,53714],{"className":62,"code":53713,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"squares = []\n\nfor number in range(1, 5):\n    squares.append(number * number)\n\nprint(squares)\n",[17,53715,53716,53725,53729,53750,53769,53773],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,53717,53718,53721,53723],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,53719,53720],{"class":75},"squares ",[69,53722,80],{"class":79},[69,53724,7469],{"class":83},[69,53726,53727],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,53728,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,53730,53731,53733,53735,53737,53740,53742,53744,53746,53748],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,53732,774],{"class":773},[69,53734,1228],{"class":75},[69,53736,780],{"class":773},[69,53738,53739],{"class":109}," range",[69,53741,113],{"class":83},[69,53743,473],{"class":87},[69,53745,91],{"class":83},[69,53747,100],{"class":87},[69,53749,7974],{"class":83},[69,53751,53752,53755,53757,53759,53761,53763,53765,53767],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,53753,53754],{"class":75},"    squares",[69,53756,25],{"class":83},[69,53758,13198],{"class":121},[69,53760,113],{"class":83},[69,53762,1334],{"class":121},[69,53764,39535],{"class":79},[69,53766,2065],{"class":121},[69,53768,221],{"class":83},[69,53770,53771],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,53772,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,53774,53775,53777,53779,53782],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,53776,110],{"class":109},[69,53778,113],{"class":83},[69,53780,53781],{"class":121},"squares",[69,53783,221],{"class":83},[14,53785,643],{},[60,53787,53789],{"className":62,"code":53788,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[1, 4, 9, 16]\n",[17,53790,53791],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,53792,53793,53795,53797,53799,53801,53803,53806,53808,53810],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,53794,3739],{"class":83},[69,53796,473],{"class":87},[69,53798,91],{"class":83},[69,53800,2323],{"class":87},[69,53802,91],{"class":83},[69,53804,53805],{"class":87}," 9",[69,53807,91],{"class":83},[69,53809,13633],{"class":87},[69,53811,103],{"class":83},[141,53813,1651],{"id":1650},[1369,53815,53817],{"id":53816},"does-append-return-a-new-list","Does append() return a new list?",[14,53819,46031,53820,53822,53823,25],{},[17,53821,52321],{}," changes the original list and returns ",[17,53824,449],{},[1369,53826,53828],{"id":53827},"can-append-add-multiple-items-at-once","Can append() add multiple items at once?",[14,53830,53831,53832,25],{},"No. It adds one item. To add multiple items from another iterable, use ",[192,53833,53834],{"href":53013},[17,53835,53115],{},[1369,53837,53839],{"id":53838},"what-happens-if-i-append-a-list","What happens if I append a list?",[14,53841,53842],{},"The whole list is added as one item at the end, creating a nested list.",[14,53844,2076],{},[60,53846,53848],{"className":62,"code":53847,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = [1, 2]\ndata.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(data)\n",[17,53849,53850,53866,53884,53888],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,53851,53852,53854,53856,53858,53860,53862,53864],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,53853,8801],{"class":75},[69,53855,80],{"class":79},[69,53857,84],{"class":83},[69,53859,473],{"class":87},[69,53861,91],{"class":83},[69,53863,316],{"class":87},[69,53865,103],{"class":83},[69,53867,53868,53870,53872,53874,53876,53878,53880,53882],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,53869,8840],{"class":75},[69,53871,25],{"class":83},[69,53873,13198],{"class":121},[69,53875,260],{"class":83},[69,53877,1929],{"class":87},[69,53879,91],{"class":83},[69,53881,2323],{"class":87},[69,53883,3727],{"class":83},[69,53885,53886],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,53887,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,53889,53890,53892,53894,53896],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,53891,110],{"class":109},[69,53893,113],{"class":83},[69,53895,8840],{"class":121},[69,53897,221],{"class":83},[14,53899,643],{},[60,53901,53902],{"className":62,"code":52977,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,53903,53904],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,53905,53906,53908,53910,53912,53914,53916,53918,53920,53922,53924],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,53907,3739],{"class":83},[69,53909,473],{"class":87},[69,53911,91],{"class":83},[69,53913,316],{"class":87},[69,53915,91],{"class":83},[69,53917,84],{"class":83},[69,53919,1929],{"class":87},[69,53921,91],{"class":83},[69,53923,2323],{"class":87},[69,53925,52911],{"class":83},[1369,53927,53929],{"id":53928},"what-is-the-difference-between-append-and-insert","What is the difference between append() and insert()?",[14,53931,53932,53934,53935,53938],{},[17,53933,52321],{}," adds at the end. ",[17,53936,53937],{},"insert()"," adds at a specific position.",[141,53940,1771],{"id":1770},[30,53942,53943,53948,53952,53957,53961],{},[33,53944,53945],{},[192,53946,53947],{"href":52717},"How to add an item to a list in Python",[33,53949,53950],{},[192,53951,53229],{"href":53013},[33,53953,53954],{},[192,53955,53956],{"href":53577},"Python list insert() method",[33,53958,53959],{},[192,53960,52440],{"href":50647},[33,53962,53963],{},[192,53964,53966],{"href":53965},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-list-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","Fix list-related AttributeError problems",[1802,53968,53969],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":53971},[53972,53973,53974,53975,53976,53977,53983,53989,53990,53996],{"id":3472,"depth":106,"text":3473},{"id":52400,"depth":106,"text":52401},{"id":200,"depth":106,"text":201},{"id":11115,"depth":106,"text":11116},{"id":52721,"depth":106,"text":52722},{"id":53020,"depth":106,"text":53021,"children":53978},[53979,53981],{"id":53027,"depth":300,"text":53980},"Using append()",{"id":53112,"depth":300,"text":53982},"Using extend()",{"id":1361,"depth":106,"text":1362,"children":53984},[53985,53986,53987,53988],{"id":53234,"depth":300,"text":53235},{"id":53412,"depth":300,"text":53413},{"id":53473,"depth":300,"text":53474},{"id":53565,"depth":300,"text":53566},{"id":53685,"depth":106,"text":53686},{"id":1650,"depth":106,"text":1651,"children":53991},[53992,53993,53994,53995],{"id":53816,"depth":300,"text":53817},{"id":53827,"depth":300,"text":53828},{"id":53838,"depth":300,"text":53839},{"id":53928,"depth":300,"text":53929},{"id":1770,"depth":106,"text":1771},"Master python list append method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method",{"title":52311,"description":53997},"reference\u002Fpython-list-append-method","cBBksi6Gcs0V4z_ykk5oU9TSrL_TTVPGb-hIaffmg1I",{"id":54004,"title":54005,"body":54006,"description":55250,"extension":1828,"meta":55251,"navigation":833,"path":55252,"seo":55253,"stem":55254,"__hash__":55255},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method.md","Python List clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":54007,"toc":55215},[54008,54014,54020,54026,54028,54076,54081,54086,54090,54106,54112,54114,54117,54132,54134,54145,54147,54149,54206,54208,54216,54218,54234,54240,54242,54248,54252,54336,54339,54388,54395,54403,54406,54420,54433,54439,54514,54521,54528,54602,54610,54613,54624,54633,54637,54641,54652,54654,54731,54752,54754,54764,54767,54815,54817,54838,54841,54843,54894,54900,54907,54974,54980,54986,54989,55016,55021,55027,55030,55102,55105,55116,55122,55124,55130,55133,55139,55145,55152,55160,55166,55172,55174,55212],[10,54009,54011,54012,10962],{"id":54010},"python-list-clear-method","Python List ",[17,54013,10961],{},[14,54015,54016,54019],{},[17,54017,54018],{},"list.clear()"," removes every item from a list.",[14,54021,54022,54023,54025],{},"Use it when you want to empty an existing list ",[22,54024,10974],{},". This is useful when you want to keep using the same list object, but remove all of its contents.",[141,54027,3473],{"id":3472},[60,54029,54031],{"className":62,"code":54030,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[17,54032,54033,54053,54063],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,54034,54035,54037,54039,54041,54043,54045,54047,54049,54051],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,54036,7409],{"class":75},[69,54038,80],{"class":79},[69,54040,84],{"class":83},[69,54042,473],{"class":87},[69,54044,91],{"class":83},[69,54046,316],{"class":87},[69,54048,91],{"class":83},[69,54050,516],{"class":87},[69,54052,103],{"class":83},[69,54054,54055,54057,54059,54061],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,54056,7440],{"class":75},[69,54058,25],{"class":83},[69,54060,11023],{"class":121},[69,54062,8277],{"class":83},[69,54064,54065,54067,54069,54071,54073],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,54066,110],{"class":109},[69,54068,113],{"class":83},[69,54070,7440],{"class":121},[69,54072,3525],{"class":83},[69,54074,54075],{"class":128},"  # []\n",[14,54077,132,54078,54080],{},[17,54079,10961],{}," to remove all items from an existing list in place.",[141,54082,3540,54084,3543],{"id":54083},"what-listclear-does",[17,54085,54018],{},[14,54087,54088,1044],{},[17,54089,54018],{},[30,54091,54092,54095,54098,54103],{},[33,54093,54094],{},"Removes every item from a list",[33,54096,54097],{},"Changes the original list in place",[33,54099,54100,54101],{},"Leaves you with an empty list: ",[17,54102,434],{},[33,54104,54105],{},"Takes no arguments",[14,54107,54108,54109,54111],{},"This means the list still exists after calling ",[17,54110,10961],{},", but it contains no values.",[141,54113,2024],{"id":2023},[14,54115,54116],{},"Syntax:",[60,54118,54120],{"className":62,"code":54119,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_list.clear()\n",[17,54121,54122],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,54123,54124,54126,54128,54130],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,54125,7971],{"class":75},[69,54127,25],{"class":83},[69,54129,11023],{"class":121},[69,54131,8277],{"class":83},[14,54133,11099],{},[30,54135,54136,54139,54142],{},[33,54137,54138],{},"Call it on a list object",[33,54140,54141],{},"Do not pass values inside the parentheses",[33,54143,54144],{},"Include the parentheses so the method actually runs",[141,54146,11116],{"id":11115},[14,54148,11119],{},[60,54150,54152],{"className":62,"code":54151,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nnumbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,54153,54154,54178,54182,54192,54196],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,54155,54156,54158,54160,54162,54164,54166,54168,54170,54172,54174,54176],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,54157,801],{"class":75},[69,54159,80],{"class":79},[69,54161,84],{"class":83},[69,54163,2197],{"class":87},[69,54165,91],{"class":83},[69,54167,7420],{"class":87},[69,54169,91],{"class":83},[69,54171,7425],{"class":87},[69,54173,91],{"class":83},[69,54175,50511],{"class":87},[69,54177,103],{"class":83},[69,54179,54180],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,54181,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,54183,54184,54186,54188,54190],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,54185,3512],{"class":75},[69,54187,25],{"class":83},[69,54189,11023],{"class":121},[69,54191,8277],{"class":83},[69,54193,54194],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,54195,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,54197,54198,54200,54202,54204],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,54199,110],{"class":109},[69,54201,113],{"class":83},[69,54203,3512],{"class":121},[69,54205,221],{"class":83},[14,54207,643],{},[60,54209,54210],{"className":62,"code":37959,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,54211,54212],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,54213,54214],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,54215,37959],{"class":83},[14,54217,11325],{},[30,54219,54220,54225,54231],{},[33,54221,54222,54224],{},[17,54223,3512],{}," starts with four items",[33,54226,54227,54230],{},[17,54228,54229],{},"numbers.clear()"," removes all of them",[33,54232,54233],{},"Printing the list shows that it is now empty",[14,54235,54236,54237,25],{},"If you are new to lists, see ",[192,54238,52440],{"href":54239},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide",[141,54241,17067],{"id":17066},[14,54243,54244,678,54246,25],{},[17,54245,10961],{},[17,54247,449],{},[14,54249,40569,54250,52336],{},[22,54251,4457],{},[60,54253,54255],{"className":62,"code":54254,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(items)   # []\nprint(result)  # None\n",[17,54256,54257,54289,54293,54307,54311,54324],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,54258,54259,54261,54263,54265,54267,54269,54271,54273,54275,54277,54279,54281,54283,54285,54287],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,54260,7409],{"class":75},[69,54262,80],{"class":79},[69,54264,84],{"class":83},[69,54266,333],{"class":94},[69,54268,192],{"class":336},[69,54270,333],{"class":94},[69,54272,91],{"class":83},[69,54274,964],{"class":94},[69,54276,4587],{"class":336},[69,54278,333],{"class":94},[69,54280,91],{"class":83},[69,54282,964],{"class":94},[69,54284,9376],{"class":336},[69,54286,333],{"class":94},[69,54288,103],{"class":83},[69,54290,54291],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,54292,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,54294,54295,54297,54299,54301,54303,54305],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,54296,839],{"class":75},[69,54298,80],{"class":79},[69,54300,783],{"class":75},[69,54302,25],{"class":83},[69,54304,11023],{"class":121},[69,54306,8277],{"class":83},[69,54308,54309],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,54310,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,54312,54313,54315,54317,54319,54321],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,54314,110],{"class":109},[69,54316,113],{"class":83},[69,54318,7440],{"class":121},[69,54320,3525],{"class":83},[69,54322,54323],{"class":128},"   # []\n",[69,54325,54326,54328,54330,54332,54334],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,54327,110],{"class":109},[69,54329,113],{"class":83},[69,54331,876],{"class":121},[69,54333,3525],{"class":83},[69,54335,20526],{"class":128},[14,54337,54338],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. If you write:",[60,54340,54342],{"className":62,"code":54341,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.clear()\nprint(items)\n",[17,54343,54344,54364,54378],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,54345,54346,54348,54350,54352,54354,54356,54358,54360,54362],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,54347,7409],{"class":75},[69,54349,80],{"class":79},[69,54351,84],{"class":83},[69,54353,473],{"class":87},[69,54355,91],{"class":83},[69,54357,316],{"class":87},[69,54359,91],{"class":83},[69,54361,516],{"class":87},[69,54363,103],{"class":83},[69,54365,54366,54368,54370,54372,54374,54376],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,54367,7409],{"class":75},[69,54369,80],{"class":79},[69,54371,783],{"class":75},[69,54373,25],{"class":83},[69,54375,11023],{"class":121},[69,54377,8277],{"class":83},[69,54379,54380,54382,54384,54386],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,54381,110],{"class":109},[69,54383,113],{"class":83},[69,54385,7440],{"class":121},[69,54387,221],{"class":83},[14,54389,11558,54390,41819,54392,54394],{},[17,54391,7440],{},[17,54393,449],{},", not an empty list.",[141,54396,54398,54400,54401],{"id":54397},"clear-vs-assigning",[17,54399,10961],{}," vs assigning ",[17,54402,434],{},[14,54404,54405],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they are not the same:",[60,54407,54408],{"className":62,"code":54119,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,54409,54410],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,54411,54412,54414,54416,54418],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,54413,7971],{"class":75},[69,54415,25],{"class":83},[69,54417,11023],{"class":121},[69,54419,8277],{"class":83},[60,54421,54423],{"className":62,"code":54422,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_list = []\n",[17,54424,54425],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,54426,54427,54429,54431],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,54428,7940],{"class":75},[69,54430,80],{"class":79},[69,54432,7469],{"class":83},[1369,54434,54436,54438],{"id":54435},"clear-empties-the-same-list-object",[17,54437,10961],{}," empties the same list object",[60,54440,54442],{"className":62,"code":54441,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # []\n",[17,54443,54444,54464,54472,54476,54486,54490,54502],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,54445,54446,54448,54450,54452,54454,54456,54458,54460,54462],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,54447,2421],{"class":75},[69,54449,80],{"class":79},[69,54451,84],{"class":83},[69,54453,473],{"class":87},[69,54455,91],{"class":83},[69,54457,316],{"class":87},[69,54459,91],{"class":83},[69,54461,516],{"class":87},[69,54463,103],{"class":83},[69,54465,54466,54468,54470],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,54467,2449],{"class":75},[69,54469,80],{"class":79},[69,54471,35835],{"class":75},[69,54473,54474],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,54475,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,54477,54478,54480,54482,54484],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,54479,192],{"class":75},[69,54481,25],{"class":83},[69,54483,11023],{"class":121},[69,54485,8277],{"class":83},[69,54487,54488],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,54489,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,54491,54492,54494,54496,54498,54500],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,54493,110],{"class":109},[69,54495,113],{"class":83},[69,54497,192],{"class":121},[69,54499,3525],{"class":83},[69,54501,54075],{"class":128},[69,54503,54504,54506,54508,54510,54512],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,54505,110],{"class":109},[69,54507,113],{"class":83},[69,54509,4587],{"class":121},[69,54511,3525],{"class":83},[69,54513,54075],{"class":128},[14,54515,10228,54516,587,54518,54520],{},[17,54517,192],{},[17,54519,4587],{}," point to the same list, so clearing it affects both variables.",[1369,54522,54524,54527],{"id":54523},"my_list-creates-a-new-empty-list",[17,54525,54526],{},"my_list = []"," creates a new empty list",[60,54529,54531],{"className":62,"code":54530,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na = []\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[17,54532,54533,54553,54561,54565,54573,54577,54589],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,54534,54535,54537,54539,54541,54543,54545,54547,54549,54551],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,54536,2421],{"class":75},[69,54538,80],{"class":79},[69,54540,84],{"class":83},[69,54542,473],{"class":87},[69,54544,91],{"class":83},[69,54546,316],{"class":87},[69,54548,91],{"class":83},[69,54550,516],{"class":87},[69,54552,103],{"class":83},[69,54554,54555,54557,54559],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,54556,2449],{"class":75},[69,54558,80],{"class":79},[69,54560,35835],{"class":75},[69,54562,54563],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,54564,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,54566,54567,54569,54571],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,54568,2421],{"class":75},[69,54570,80],{"class":79},[69,54572,7469],{"class":83},[69,54574,54575],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,54576,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,54578,54579,54581,54583,54585,54587],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,54580,110],{"class":109},[69,54582,113],{"class":83},[69,54584,192],{"class":121},[69,54586,3525],{"class":83},[69,54588,54075],{"class":128},[69,54590,54591,54593,54595,54597,54599],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,54592,110],{"class":109},[69,54594,113],{"class":83},[69,54596,4587],{"class":121},[69,54598,3525],{"class":83},[69,54600,54601],{"class":128},"  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[14,54603,20421,54604,54606,54607,54609],{},[17,54605,192],{}," now points to a new empty list. But ",[17,54608,4587],{}," still points to the original list.",[14,54611,54612],{},"This difference matters when:",[30,54614,54615,54618,54621],{},[33,54616,54617],{},"Two variables refer to the same list",[33,54619,54620],{},"A list is shared between parts of a program",[33,54622,54623],{},"You want to empty the original list instead of replacing it",[14,54625,54626,54627,25],{},"This idea is also helpful when learning ",[192,54628,54630,54631,10379],{"href":54629},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method\u002F","the list ",[17,54632,12420],{},[141,54634,4788,54635],{"id":12080},[17,54636,10961],{},[14,54638,132,54639,1158],{},[17,54640,10961],{},[30,54642,54643,54646,54649],{},[33,54644,54645],{},"Reset a list before reusing it",[33,54647,54648],{},"Empty shared list data in place",[33,54650,54651],{},"Remove all items without deleting the list variable",[14,54653,2076],{},[60,54655,54657],{"className":62,"code":54656,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"shopping_cart = [\"milk\", \"bread\", \"eggs\"]\n\n# Order completed, reuse the same list\nshopping_cart.clear()\n\nprint(shopping_cart)  # []\n",[17,54658,54659,54695,54699,54704,54715,54719],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,54660,54661,54664,54666,54668,54670,54673,54675,54677,54679,54682,54684,54686,54688,54691,54693],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,54662,54663],{"class":75},"shopping_cart ",[69,54665,80],{"class":79},[69,54667,84],{"class":83},[69,54669,333],{"class":94},[69,54671,54672],{"class":336},"milk",[69,54674,333],{"class":94},[69,54676,91],{"class":83},[69,54678,964],{"class":94},[69,54680,54681],{"class":336},"bread",[69,54683,333],{"class":94},[69,54685,91],{"class":83},[69,54687,964],{"class":94},[69,54689,54690],{"class":336},"eggs",[69,54692,333],{"class":94},[69,54694,103],{"class":83},[69,54696,54697],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,54698,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,54700,54701],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,54702,54703],{"class":128},"# Order completed, reuse the same list\n",[69,54705,54706,54709,54711,54713],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,54707,54708],{"class":75},"shopping_cart",[69,54710,25],{"class":83},[69,54712,11023],{"class":121},[69,54714,8277],{"class":83},[69,54716,54717],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,54718,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,54720,54721,54723,54725,54727,54729],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,54722,110],{"class":109},[69,54724,113],{"class":83},[69,54726,54708],{"class":121},[69,54728,3525],{"class":83},[69,54730,54075],{"class":128},[14,54732,54733,54734,54738,54739,54745,54746,25],{},"If you only want to remove one item, see ",[192,54735,54737],{"href":54736},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-an-item-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove an item from a list in Python"," or the ",[192,54740,54742,10379],{"href":54741},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method\u002F",[17,54743,54744],{},"list.remove()",". If you want to remove and return one item, see the ",[192,54747,54749,10379],{"href":54748},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method\u002F",[17,54750,54751],{},"list.pop()",[141,54753,1362],{"id":1361},[1369,54755,54757,54758,10731,54761],{"id":54756},"writing-my_listclear-instead-of-my_listclear","Writing ",[17,54759,54760],{},"my_list.clear",[17,54762,54763],{},"my_list.clear()",[14,54765,54766],{},"This does not call the method.",[60,54768,54770],{"className":62,"code":54769,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear\nprint(items)\n",[17,54771,54772,54792,54796,54805],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,54773,54774,54776,54778,54780,54782,54784,54786,54788,54790],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,54775,7409],{"class":75},[69,54777,80],{"class":79},[69,54779,84],{"class":83},[69,54781,473],{"class":87},[69,54783,91],{"class":83},[69,54785,316],{"class":87},[69,54787,91],{"class":83},[69,54789,516],{"class":87},[69,54791,103],{"class":83},[69,54793,54794],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,54795,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,54797,54798,54800,54802],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,54799,7440],{"class":75},[69,54801,25],{"class":83},[69,54803,54804],{"class":24402},"clear\n",[69,54806,54807,54809,54811,54813],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,54808,110],{"class":109},[69,54810,113],{"class":83},[69,54812,7440],{"class":121},[69,54814,221],{"class":83},[14,54816,643],{},[60,54818,54820],{"className":62,"code":54819,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[1, 2, 3]\n",[17,54821,54822],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,54823,54824,54826,54828,54830,54832,54834,54836],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,54825,3739],{"class":83},[69,54827,473],{"class":87},[69,54829,91],{"class":83},[69,54831,316],{"class":87},[69,54833,91],{"class":83},[69,54835,516],{"class":87},[69,54837,103],{"class":83},[14,54839,54840],{},"Nothing changes because the method was not run.",[14,54842,10446],{},[60,54844,54846],{"className":62,"code":54845,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[17,54847,54848,54868,54872,54882],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,54849,54850,54852,54854,54856,54858,54860,54862,54864,54866],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,54851,7409],{"class":75},[69,54853,80],{"class":79},[69,54855,84],{"class":83},[69,54857,473],{"class":87},[69,54859,91],{"class":83},[69,54861,316],{"class":87},[69,54863,91],{"class":83},[69,54865,516],{"class":87},[69,54867,103],{"class":83},[69,54869,54870],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,54871,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,54873,54874,54876,54878,54880],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,54875,7440],{"class":75},[69,54877,25],{"class":83},[69,54879,11023],{"class":121},[69,54881,8277],{"class":83},[69,54883,54884,54886,54888,54890,54892],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,54885,110],{"class":109},[69,54887,113],{"class":83},[69,54889,7440],{"class":121},[69,54891,3525],{"class":83},[69,54893,54075],{"class":128},[1369,54895,8086,54897,54899],{"id":54896},"expecting-clear-to-return-the-emptied-list",[17,54898,10961],{}," to return the emptied list",[14,54901,54902,678,54904,54906],{},[17,54903,10961],{},[17,54905,449],{},", not the list.",[60,54908,54910],{"className":62,"code":54909,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(result)  # None\nprint(items)   # []\n",[17,54911,54912,54932,54946,54950,54962],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,54913,54914,54916,54918,54920,54922,54924,54926,54928,54930],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,54915,7409],{"class":75},[69,54917,80],{"class":79},[69,54919,84],{"class":83},[69,54921,473],{"class":87},[69,54923,91],{"class":83},[69,54925,316],{"class":87},[69,54927,91],{"class":83},[69,54929,516],{"class":87},[69,54931,103],{"class":83},[69,54933,54934,54936,54938,54940,54942,54944],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,54935,839],{"class":75},[69,54937,80],{"class":79},[69,54939,783],{"class":75},[69,54941,25],{"class":83},[69,54943,11023],{"class":121},[69,54945,8277],{"class":83},[69,54947,54948],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,54949,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,54951,54952,54954,54956,54958,54960],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,54953,110],{"class":109},[69,54955,113],{"class":83},[69,54957,876],{"class":121},[69,54959,3525],{"class":83},[69,54961,20526],{"class":128},[69,54963,54964,54966,54968,54970,54972],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,54965,110],{"class":109},[69,54967,113],{"class":83},[69,54969,7440],{"class":121},[69,54971,3525],{"class":83},[69,54973,54323],{"class":128},[1369,54975,8050,54977,54979],{"id":54976},"using-clear-on-a-value-that-is-not-a-list",[17,54978,10961],{}," on a value that is not a list",[14,54981,54982,54983,54985],{},"Some types have a ",[17,54984,10961],{}," method, but not all of them.",[14,54987,54988],{},"This will fail:",[60,54990,54992],{"className":62,"code":54991,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.clear()\n",[17,54993,54994,55006],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,54995,54996,54998,55000,55002,55004],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,54997,34345],{"class":75},[69,54999,80],{"class":79},[69,55001,964],{"class":94},[69,55003,337],{"class":336},[69,55005,3224],{"class":94},[69,55007,55008,55010,55012,55014],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,55009,34366],{"class":75},[69,55011,25],{"class":83},[69,55013,11023],{"class":121},[69,55015,8277],{"class":83},[14,55017,55018,55019,33257],{},"A string does not have a ",[17,55020,10961],{},[14,55022,55023,55024,55026],{},"You may also get errors if your variable is ",[17,55025,449],{}," or another unexpected type. If that happens, print the type first.",[14,55028,55029],{},"Useful checks:",[60,55031,55033],{"className":62,"code":55032,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(id(my_list))\nother = my_list\nmy_list.clear()\nprint(other)\n",[17,55034,55035,55045,55059,55073,55082,55092],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,55036,55037,55039,55041,55043],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,55038,110],{"class":109},[69,55040,113],{"class":83},[69,55042,7971],{"class":121},[69,55044,221],{"class":83},[69,55046,55047,55049,55051,55053,55055,55057],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,55048,110],{"class":109},[69,55050,113],{"class":83},[69,55052,3087],{"class":1126},[69,55054,113],{"class":83},[69,55056,7971],{"class":121},[69,55058,342],{"class":83},[69,55060,55061,55063,55065,55067,55069,55071],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,55062,110],{"class":109},[69,55064,113],{"class":83},[69,55066,12292],{"class":109},[69,55068,113],{"class":83},[69,55070,7971],{"class":121},[69,55072,342],{"class":83},[69,55074,55075,55077,55079],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,55076,43214],{"class":75},[69,55078,80],{"class":79},[69,55080,55081],{"class":75}," my_list\n",[69,55083,55084,55086,55088,55090],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,55085,7971],{"class":75},[69,55087,25],{"class":83},[69,55089,11023],{"class":121},[69,55091,8277],{"class":83},[69,55093,55094,55096,55098,55100],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,55095,110],{"class":109},[69,55097,113],{"class":83},[69,55099,30398],{"class":121},[69,55101,221],{"class":83},[14,55103,55104],{},"These can help you see:",[30,55106,55107,55110,55113],{},[33,55108,55109],{},"What the variable currently contains",[33,55111,55112],{},"Whether it is really a list",[33,55114,55115],{},"Whether two variables point to the same object",[14,55117,55118,55119,25],{},"If you run into method-related problems, you may also need help with ",[192,55120,55121],{"href":53965},"fixing attribute errors in Python",[141,55123,1651],{"id":1650},[1369,55125,12347,55127,55129],{"id":55126},"does-listclear-delete-the-list",[17,55128,54018],{}," delete the list?",[14,55131,55132],{},"No. It keeps the list object but removes all items from it.",[1369,55134,12347,55136,55138],{"id":55135},"does-listclear-return-a-new-list",[17,55137,54018],{}," return a new list?",[14,55140,55141,55142,55144],{},"No. It returns ",[17,55143,449],{}," and changes the existing list in place.",[1369,55146,5006,55148,587,55150,2359],{"id":55147},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-my_list",[17,55149,10961],{},[17,55151,54526],{},[14,55153,55154,55156,55157,55159],{},[17,55155,10961],{}," empties the same list object. ",[17,55158,54526],{}," points the variable to a new empty list.",[1369,55161,27982,55163,55165],{"id":55162},"can-i-use-clear-on-other-types",[17,55164,10961],{}," on other types?",[14,55167,55168,55169,55171],{},"Some types like dictionaries and sets also have ",[17,55170,10961],{},", but strings and tuples do not.",[141,55173,1771],{"id":1770},[30,55175,55176,55180,55185,55192,55199,55205],{},[33,55177,55178],{},[192,55179,52440],{"href":54239},[33,55181,55182],{},[192,55183,55184],{"href":54736},"How to remove an item from a list in Python",[33,55186,55187],{},[192,55188,55189,55190,10379],{"href":54748},"Python list ",[17,55191,12406],{},[33,55193,55194],{},[192,55195,55189,55196,10379],{"href":54741},[17,55197,55198],{},"remove()",[33,55200,55201],{},[192,55202,55189,55203,10379],{"href":54629},[17,55204,12420],{},[33,55206,55207],{},[192,55208,30002,55209,33290],{"href":53965},[17,55210,55211],{},"'list' object has no attribute",[1802,55213,55214],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":55216},[55217,55218,55220,55221,55222,55223,55230,55231,55239,55249],{"id":3472,"depth":106,"text":3473},{"id":54083,"depth":106,"text":55219},"What list.clear() does",{"id":2023,"depth":106,"text":2024},{"id":11115,"depth":106,"text":11116},{"id":17066,"depth":106,"text":17067},{"id":54397,"depth":106,"text":55224,"children":55225},"clear() vs assigning []",[55226,55228],{"id":54435,"depth":300,"text":55227},"clear() empties the same list object",{"id":54523,"depth":300,"text":55229},"my_list = [] creates a new empty list",{"id":12080,"depth":106,"text":12452},{"id":1361,"depth":106,"text":1362,"children":55232},[55233,55235,55237],{"id":54756,"depth":300,"text":55234},"Writing my_list.clear instead of my_list.clear()",{"id":54896,"depth":300,"text":55236},"Expecting clear() to return the emptied list",{"id":54976,"depth":300,"text":55238},"Using clear() on a value that is not a list",{"id":1650,"depth":106,"text":1651,"children":55240},[55241,55243,55245,55247],{"id":55126,"depth":300,"text":55242},"Does list.clear() delete the list?",{"id":55135,"depth":300,"text":55244},"Does list.clear() return a new list?",{"id":55147,"depth":300,"text":55246},"What is the difference between clear() and my_list = []?",{"id":55162,"depth":300,"text":55248},"Can I use clear() on other types?",{"id":1770,"depth":106,"text":1771},"Master python list clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method",{"title":54005,"description":55250},"reference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method","99lr7F7Fwd7-AwSOSGz-bBA8zQ5YwXwJzSYBs0JP2O4",{"id":55257,"title":55258,"body":55259,"description":56944,"extension":1828,"meta":56945,"navigation":833,"path":56946,"seo":56947,"stem":56948,"__hash__":56949},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method.md","Python List copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":55260,"toc":56912},[55261,55266,55272,55280,55282,55371,55378,55383,55387,55401,55403,55480,55482,55543,55546,55548,55550,55571,55574,55588,55591,55636,55638,55646,55649,55655,55661,55664,55741,55743,55788,55791,55796,55879,55881,55922,55927,55931,55937,55939,55947,55950,56043,56045,56103,56106,56122,56127,56137,56142,56144,56149,56154,56157,56159,56216,56219,56272,56278,56283,56287,56304,56306,56390,56392,56433,56441,56443,56448,56454,56456,56519,56524,56594,56598,56633,56636,56638,56677,56681,56757,56763,56769,56774,56796,56799,56818,56826,56828,56834,56837,56844,56852,56857,56860,56864,56870,56878,56881,56883,56909],[10,55262,54011,55264,10962],{"id":55263},"python-list-copy-method",[17,55265,12420],{},[14,55267,55268,55271],{},[17,55269,55270],{},"list.copy()"," creates a new list with the same items as an existing list.",[14,55273,55274,55275,13699,55277,55279],{},"This method is useful when you want to work with a list without changing the original one. It is especially important for beginners because using ",[17,55276,80],{},[22,55278,4457],{}," make a real copy.",[141,55281,1870],{"id":1869},[60,55283,55285],{"className":62,"code":55284,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\nnew_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(new_numbers)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[17,55286,55287,55307,55322,55326,55341,55345,55358],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,55288,55289,55291,55293,55295,55297,55299,55301,55303,55305],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,55290,801],{"class":75},[69,55292,80],{"class":79},[69,55294,84],{"class":83},[69,55296,473],{"class":87},[69,55298,91],{"class":83},[69,55300,316],{"class":87},[69,55302,91],{"class":83},[69,55304,516],{"class":87},[69,55306,103],{"class":83},[69,55308,55309,55312,55314,55316,55318,55320],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,55310,55311],{"class":75},"new_numbers ",[69,55313,80],{"class":79},[69,55315,865],{"class":75},[69,55317,25],{"class":83},[69,55319,12555],{"class":121},[69,55321,8277],{"class":83},[69,55323,55324],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,55325,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,55327,55328,55331,55333,55335,55337,55339],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,55329,55330],{"class":75},"new_numbers",[69,55332,25],{"class":83},[69,55334,13198],{"class":121},[69,55336,113],{"class":83},[69,55338,808],{"class":87},[69,55340,221],{"class":83},[69,55342,55343],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,55344,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,55346,55347,55349,55351,55353,55355],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,55348,110],{"class":109},[69,55350,113],{"class":83},[69,55352,3512],{"class":121},[69,55354,3525],{"class":83},[69,55356,55357],{"class":128},"      # [1, 2, 3]\n",[69,55359,55360,55362,55364,55366,55368],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,55361,110],{"class":109},[69,55363,113],{"class":83},[69,55365,55330],{"class":121},[69,55367,3525],{"class":83},[69,55369,55370],{"class":128},"  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[14,55372,132,55373,55375,55376,25],{},[17,55374,55270],{}," when you want a new list object with the same items. This is a ",[22,55377,12494],{},[141,55379,3540,55381,3543],{"id":55380},"what-listcopy-does",[17,55382,55270],{},[14,55384,55385,1044],{},[17,55386,55270],{},[30,55388,55389,55392,55395,55398],{},[33,55390,55391],{},"Creates a new list with the same items as the original list",[33,55393,55394],{},"Returns that new list",[33,55396,55397],{},"Makes the original list and copied list different objects",[33,55399,55400],{},"Lets you change the new list without affecting the original list when the list contains simple values like numbers or strings",[14,55402,2076],{},[60,55404,55406],{"className":62,"code":55405,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ncopied_fruits = fruits.copy()\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(copied_fruits)\n",[17,55407,55408,55440,55455,55459,55469],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,55409,55410,55412,55414,55416,55418,55420,55422,55424,55426,55428,55430,55432,55434,55436,55438],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,55411,35899],{"class":75},[69,55413,80],{"class":79},[69,55415,84],{"class":83},[69,55417,333],{"class":94},[69,55419,952],{"class":336},[69,55421,333],{"class":94},[69,55423,91],{"class":83},[69,55425,964],{"class":94},[69,55427,967],{"class":336},[69,55429,333],{"class":94},[69,55431,91],{"class":83},[69,55433,964],{"class":94},[69,55435,32877],{"class":336},[69,55437,333],{"class":94},[69,55439,103],{"class":83},[69,55441,55442,55445,55447,55449,55451,55453],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,55443,55444],{"class":75},"copied_fruits ",[69,55446,80],{"class":79},[69,55448,52520],{"class":75},[69,55450,25],{"class":83},[69,55452,12555],{"class":121},[69,55454,8277],{"class":83},[69,55456,55457],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,55458,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,55460,55461,55463,55465,55467],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,55462,110],{"class":109},[69,55464,113],{"class":83},[69,55466,35951],{"class":121},[69,55468,221],{"class":83},[69,55470,55471,55473,55475,55478],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,55472,110],{"class":109},[69,55474,113],{"class":83},[69,55476,55477],{"class":121},"copied_fruits",[69,55479,221],{"class":83},[14,55481,643],{},[60,55483,55485],{"className":62,"code":55484,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[17,55486,55487,55515],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,55488,55489,55491,55493,55495,55497,55499,55501,55503,55505,55507,55509,55511,55513],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,55490,3739],{"class":83},[69,55492,488],{"class":94},[69,55494,952],{"class":336},[69,55496,488],{"class":94},[69,55498,91],{"class":83},[69,55500,3161],{"class":94},[69,55502,967],{"class":336},[69,55504,488],{"class":94},[69,55506,91],{"class":83},[69,55508,3161],{"class":94},[69,55510,32877],{"class":336},[69,55512,488],{"class":94},[69,55514,103],{"class":83},[69,55516,55517,55519,55521,55523,55525,55527,55529,55531,55533,55535,55537,55539,55541],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,55518,3739],{"class":83},[69,55520,488],{"class":94},[69,55522,952],{"class":336},[69,55524,488],{"class":94},[69,55526,91],{"class":83},[69,55528,3161],{"class":94},[69,55530,967],{"class":336},[69,55532,488],{"class":94},[69,55534,91],{"class":83},[69,55536,3161],{"class":94},[69,55538,32877],{"class":336},[69,55540,488],{"class":94},[69,55542,103],{"class":83},[14,55544,55545],{},"Even though the contents are the same, these are two different lists.",[141,55547,2024],{"id":2023},[14,55549,2027],{},[60,55551,55553],{"className":62,"code":55552,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"new_list = old_list.copy()\n",[17,55554,55555],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,55556,55557,55560,55562,55565,55567,55569],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,55558,55559],{"class":75},"new_list ",[69,55561,80],{"class":79},[69,55563,55564],{"class":75}," old_list",[69,55566,25],{"class":83},[69,55568,12555],{"class":121},[69,55570,8277],{"class":83},[14,55572,55573],{},"How it works:",[30,55575,55576,55582,55585],{},[33,55577,55578,55579,55581],{},"Call ",[17,55580,12420],{}," on an existing list",[33,55583,55584],{},"Save the returned value in a new variable",[33,55586,55587],{},"Use the new variable as your copied list",[14,55589,55590],{},"Example with an empty list:",[60,55592,55594],{"className":62,"code":55593,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"empty_list = []\nnew_empty_list = empty_list.copy()\n\nprint(new_empty_list)\n",[17,55595,55596,55605,55621,55625],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,55597,55598,55601,55603],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,55599,55600],{"class":75},"empty_list ",[69,55602,80],{"class":79},[69,55604,7469],{"class":83},[69,55606,55607,55610,55612,55615,55617,55619],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,55608,55609],{"class":75},"new_empty_list ",[69,55611,80],{"class":79},[69,55613,55614],{"class":75}," empty_list",[69,55616,25],{"class":83},[69,55618,12555],{"class":121},[69,55620,8277],{"class":83},[69,55622,55623],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,55624,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,55626,55627,55629,55631,55634],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,55628,110],{"class":109},[69,55630,113],{"class":83},[69,55632,55633],{"class":121},"new_empty_list",[69,55635,221],{"class":83},[14,55637,643],{},[60,55639,55640],{"className":62,"code":37959,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,55641,55642],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,55643,55644],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,55645,37959],{"class":83},[14,55647,55648],{},"This works for both empty and non-empty lists.",[141,55650,55652,55653],{"id":55651},"why-not-use","Why not use ",[17,55654,80],{},[14,55656,8050,55657,13699,55659,52336],{},[17,55658,80],{},[22,55660,4457],{},[14,55662,55663],{},"It only creates a new variable that points to the same list in memory.",[60,55665,55667],{"className":62,"code":55666,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nsame_list = numbers\n\nsame_list.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(same_list)\n",[17,55668,55669,55689,55698,55702,55717,55721,55731],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,55670,55671,55673,55675,55677,55679,55681,55683,55685,55687],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,55672,801],{"class":75},[69,55674,80],{"class":79},[69,55676,84],{"class":83},[69,55678,473],{"class":87},[69,55680,91],{"class":83},[69,55682,316],{"class":87},[69,55684,91],{"class":83},[69,55686,516],{"class":87},[69,55688,103],{"class":83},[69,55690,55691,55694,55696],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,55692,55693],{"class":75},"same_list ",[69,55695,80],{"class":79},[69,55697,43647],{"class":75},[69,55699,55700],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,55701,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,55703,55704,55707,55709,55711,55713,55715],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,55705,55706],{"class":75},"same_list",[69,55708,25],{"class":83},[69,55710,13198],{"class":121},[69,55712,113],{"class":83},[69,55714,808],{"class":87},[69,55716,221],{"class":83},[69,55718,55719],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,55720,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,55722,55723,55725,55727,55729],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,55724,110],{"class":109},[69,55726,113],{"class":83},[69,55728,3512],{"class":121},[69,55730,221],{"class":83},[69,55732,55733,55735,55737,55739],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,55734,110],{"class":109},[69,55736,113],{"class":83},[69,55738,55706],{"class":121},[69,55740,221],{"class":83},[14,55742,643],{},[60,55744,55746],{"className":62,"code":55745,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[17,55747,55748,55768],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,55749,55750,55752,55754,55756,55758,55760,55762,55764,55766],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,55751,3739],{"class":83},[69,55753,473],{"class":87},[69,55755,91],{"class":83},[69,55757,316],{"class":87},[69,55759,91],{"class":83},[69,55761,516],{"class":87},[69,55763,91],{"class":83},[69,55765,2323],{"class":87},[69,55767,103],{"class":83},[69,55769,55770,55772,55774,55776,55778,55780,55782,55784,55786],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,55771,3739],{"class":83},[69,55773,473],{"class":87},[69,55775,91],{"class":83},[69,55777,316],{"class":87},[69,55779,91],{"class":83},[69,55781,516],{"class":87},[69,55783,91],{"class":83},[69,55785,2323],{"class":87},[69,55787,103],{"class":83},[14,55789,55790],{},"Both variables refer to the same list, so changing one also changes the other.",[14,55792,55793,55794,1044],{},"Now compare that with ",[17,55795,12420],{},[60,55797,55799],{"className":62,"code":55798,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\ncopied_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(copied_numbers)\n",[17,55800,55801,55821,55836,55840,55855,55859,55869],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,55802,55803,55805,55807,55809,55811,55813,55815,55817,55819],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,55804,801],{"class":75},[69,55806,80],{"class":79},[69,55808,84],{"class":83},[69,55810,473],{"class":87},[69,55812,91],{"class":83},[69,55814,316],{"class":87},[69,55816,91],{"class":83},[69,55818,516],{"class":87},[69,55820,103],{"class":83},[69,55822,55823,55826,55828,55830,55832,55834],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,55824,55825],{"class":75},"copied_numbers ",[69,55827,80],{"class":79},[69,55829,865],{"class":75},[69,55831,25],{"class":83},[69,55833,12555],{"class":121},[69,55835,8277],{"class":83},[69,55837,55838],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,55839,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,55841,55842,55845,55847,55849,55851,55853],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,55843,55844],{"class":75},"copied_numbers",[69,55846,25],{"class":83},[69,55848,13198],{"class":121},[69,55850,113],{"class":83},[69,55852,808],{"class":87},[69,55854,221],{"class":83},[69,55856,55857],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,55858,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,55860,55861,55863,55865,55867],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,55862,110],{"class":109},[69,55864,113],{"class":83},[69,55866,3512],{"class":121},[69,55868,221],{"class":83},[69,55870,55871,55873,55875,55877],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,55872,110],{"class":109},[69,55874,113],{"class":83},[69,55876,55844],{"class":121},[69,55878,221],{"class":83},[14,55880,643],{},[60,55882,55884],{"className":62,"code":55883,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[17,55885,55886,55902],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,55887,55888,55890,55892,55894,55896,55898,55900],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,55889,3739],{"class":83},[69,55891,473],{"class":87},[69,55893,91],{"class":83},[69,55895,316],{"class":87},[69,55897,91],{"class":83},[69,55899,516],{"class":87},[69,55901,103],{"class":83},[69,55903,55904,55906,55908,55910,55912,55914,55916,55918,55920],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,55905,3739],{"class":83},[69,55907,473],{"class":87},[69,55909,91],{"class":83},[69,55911,316],{"class":87},[69,55913,91],{"class":83},[69,55915,516],{"class":87},[69,55917,91],{"class":83},[69,55919,2323],{"class":87},[69,55921,103],{"class":83},[14,55923,55924,55925,25],{},"If you want to learn more about creating and working with lists, see ",[192,55926,52440],{"href":50647},[141,55928,55930],{"id":55929},"shallow-copy-meaning","Shallow copy meaning",[14,55932,55933,12491,55935,25],{},[17,55934,55270],{},[22,55936,12494],{},[14,55938,1974],{},[30,55940,55941,55944],{},[33,55942,55943],{},"The outer list is new",[33,55945,55946],{},"But nested mutable items inside it can still be shared",[14,55948,55949],{},"This matters when your list contains other lists.",[60,55951,55953],{"className":62,"code":55952,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[17,55954,55955,55982,55996,56000,56019,56023,56033],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,55956,55957,55959,55961,55964,55966,55968,55970,55972,55974,55976,55978,55980],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,55958,11728],{"class":75},[69,55960,80],{"class":79},[69,55962,55963],{"class":83}," [[",[69,55965,473],{"class":87},[69,55967,91],{"class":83},[69,55969,316],{"class":87},[69,55971,17711],{"class":83},[69,55973,84],{"class":83},[69,55975,1929],{"class":87},[69,55977,91],{"class":83},[69,55979,2323],{"class":87},[69,55981,52911],{"class":83},[69,55983,55984,55986,55988,55990,55992,55994],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,55985,13957],{"class":75},[69,55987,80],{"class":79},[69,55989,11803],{"class":75},[69,55991,25],{"class":83},[69,55993,12555],{"class":121},[69,55995,8277],{"class":83},[69,55997,55998],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,55999,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,56001,56002,56004,56006,56008,56010,56012,56014,56017],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,56003,13976],{"class":75},[69,56005,3739],{"class":83},[69,56007,88],{"class":87},[69,56009,13195],{"class":83},[69,56011,13198],{"class":121},[69,56013,113],{"class":83},[69,56015,56016],{"class":87},"99",[69,56018,221],{"class":83},[69,56020,56021],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,56022,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,56024,56025,56027,56029,56031],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,56026,110],{"class":109},[69,56028,113],{"class":83},[69,56030,11775],{"class":121},[69,56032,221],{"class":83},[69,56034,56035,56037,56039,56041],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,56036,110],{"class":109},[69,56038,113],{"class":83},[69,56040,13976],{"class":121},[69,56042,221],{"class":83},[14,56044,643],{},[60,56046,56048],{"className":62,"code":56047,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[17,56049,56050,56077],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,56051,56052,56055,56057,56059,56061,56063,56065,56067,56069,56071,56073,56075],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,56053,56054],{"class":83},"[[",[69,56056,473],{"class":87},[69,56058,91],{"class":83},[69,56060,316],{"class":87},[69,56062,91],{"class":83},[69,56064,9834],{"class":87},[69,56066,17711],{"class":83},[69,56068,84],{"class":83},[69,56070,1929],{"class":87},[69,56072,91],{"class":83},[69,56074,2323],{"class":87},[69,56076,52911],{"class":83},[69,56078,56079,56081,56083,56085,56087,56089,56091,56093,56095,56097,56099,56101],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,56080,56054],{"class":83},[69,56082,473],{"class":87},[69,56084,91],{"class":83},[69,56086,316],{"class":87},[69,56088,91],{"class":83},[69,56090,9834],{"class":87},[69,56092,17711],{"class":83},[69,56094,84],{"class":83},[69,56096,1929],{"class":87},[69,56098,91],{"class":83},[69,56100,2323],{"class":87},[69,56102,52911],{"class":83},[14,56104,56105],{},"Why did both change?",[30,56107,56108,56115],{},[33,56109,56110,587,56112,56114],{},[17,56111,11775],{},[17,56113,13976],{}," are different outer lists",[33,56116,56117,56118,56121],{},"But the inner list ",[17,56119,56120],{},"original[0]"," is the same object in both lists",[14,56123,53322,56124,56126],{},[17,56125,12420],{}," is usually safe for simple lists like:",[30,56128,56129,56132,56135],{},[33,56130,56131],{},"Numbers",[33,56133,56134],{},"Strings",[33,56136,40258],{},[14,56138,56139,56140,25],{},"If you need to understand this better, read ",[192,56141,13436],{"href":13435},[141,56143,17067],{"id":17066},[14,56145,56146,56148],{},[17,56147,55270],{}," returns a new list.",[14,56150,40569,56151,56153],{},[22,56152,4457],{}," change the original list by itself.",[14,56155,56156],{},"You must save the result if you want to use the copied list.",[14,56158,16303],{},[60,56160,56162],{"className":62,"code":56161,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[17,56163,56164,56188,56202,56206],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,56165,56166,56168,56170,56172,56174,56176,56178,56180,56182,56184,56186],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,56167,12720],{"class":75},[69,56169,80],{"class":79},[69,56171,84],{"class":83},[69,56173,333],{"class":94},[69,56175,12737],{"class":336},[69,56177,333],{"class":94},[69,56179,91],{"class":83},[69,56181,964],{"class":94},[69,56183,12754],{"class":336},[69,56185,333],{"class":94},[69,56187,103],{"class":83},[69,56189,56190,56192,56194,56196,56198,56200],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,56191,12763],{"class":75},[69,56193,80],{"class":79},[69,56195,12768],{"class":75},[69,56197,25],{"class":83},[69,56199,12555],{"class":121},[69,56201,8277],{"class":83},[69,56203,56204],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,56205,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,56207,56208,56210,56212,56214],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,56209,110],{"class":109},[69,56211,113],{"class":83},[69,56213,12787],{"class":121},[69,56215,221],{"class":83},[14,56217,56218],{},"Incorrect if you expected a saved copy:",[60,56220,56222],{"className":62,"code":56221,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.copy()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[17,56223,56224,56248,56258,56262],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,56225,56226,56228,56230,56232,56234,56236,56238,56240,56242,56244,56246],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,56227,12720],{"class":75},[69,56229,80],{"class":79},[69,56231,84],{"class":83},[69,56233,333],{"class":94},[69,56235,12737],{"class":336},[69,56237,333],{"class":94},[69,56239,91],{"class":83},[69,56241,964],{"class":94},[69,56243,12754],{"class":336},[69,56245,333],{"class":94},[69,56247,103],{"class":83},[69,56249,56250,56252,56254,56256],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,56251,17151],{"class":75},[69,56253,25],{"class":83},[69,56255,12555],{"class":121},[69,56257,8277],{"class":83},[69,56259,56260],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,56261,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,56263,56264,56266,56268,56270],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,56265,110],{"class":109},[69,56267,113],{"class":83},[69,56269,17151],{"class":121},[69,56271,221],{"class":83},[14,56273,56274,56275,56277],{},"In the second example, ",[17,56276,12420],{}," runs, but the returned list is not stored anywhere.",[141,56279,4788,56281],{"id":56280},"when-to-use-listcopy",[17,56282,55270],{},[14,56284,132,56285,10239],{},[17,56286,55270],{},[30,56288,56289,56292,56295,56298],{},[33,56290,56291],{},"You want to edit a list without changing the original",[33,56293,56294],{},"You want to pass a list to code that may modify it",[33,56296,56297],{},"You want a simple backup before making changes",[33,56299,56300,56301],{},"You want a clear alternative to slicing with ",[17,56302,56303],{},"[:]",[14,56305,2076],{},[60,56307,56309],{"className":62,"code":56308,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"scores = [10, 20, 30]\nbackup_scores = scores.copy()\n\nscores.append(40)\n\nprint(scores)\nprint(backup_scores)\n",[17,56310,56311,56331,56346,56350,56365,56369,56379],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,56312,56313,56315,56317,56319,56321,56323,56325,56327,56329],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,56314,4891],{"class":75},[69,56316,80],{"class":79},[69,56318,84],{"class":83},[69,56320,2197],{"class":87},[69,56322,91],{"class":83},[69,56324,7420],{"class":87},[69,56326,91],{"class":83},[69,56328,7425],{"class":87},[69,56330,103],{"class":83},[69,56332,56333,56336,56338,56340,56342,56344],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,56334,56335],{"class":75},"backup_scores ",[69,56337,80],{"class":79},[69,56339,4938],{"class":75},[69,56341,25],{"class":83},[69,56343,12555],{"class":121},[69,56345,8277],{"class":83},[69,56347,56348],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,56349,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,56351,56352,56354,56356,56358,56360,56363],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,56353,16036],{"class":75},[69,56355,25],{"class":83},[69,56357,13198],{"class":121},[69,56359,113],{"class":83},[69,56361,56362],{"class":87},"40",[69,56364,221],{"class":83},[69,56366,56367],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,56368,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,56370,56371,56373,56375,56377],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,56372,110],{"class":109},[69,56374,113],{"class":83},[69,56376,16036],{"class":121},[69,56378,221],{"class":83},[69,56380,56381,56383,56385,56388],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,56382,110],{"class":109},[69,56384,113],{"class":83},[69,56386,56387],{"class":121},"backup_scores",[69,56389,221],{"class":83},[14,56391,643],{},[60,56393,56395],{"className":62,"code":56394,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[10, 20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[17,56396,56397,56417],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,56398,56399,56401,56403,56405,56407,56409,56411,56413,56415],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,56400,3739],{"class":83},[69,56402,2197],{"class":87},[69,56404,91],{"class":83},[69,56406,7420],{"class":87},[69,56408,91],{"class":83},[69,56410,7425],{"class":87},[69,56412,91],{"class":83},[69,56414,50511],{"class":87},[69,56416,103],{"class":83},[69,56418,56419,56421,56423,56425,56427,56429,56431],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,56420,3739],{"class":83},[69,56422,2197],{"class":87},[69,56424,91],{"class":83},[69,56426,7420],{"class":87},[69,56428,91],{"class":83},[69,56430,7425],{"class":87},[69,56432,103],{"class":83},[14,56434,56435,56436,25],{},"If you want to add items after copying, see ",[192,56437,55189,56439,10379],{"href":56438},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method\u002F",[17,56440,52321],{},[141,56442,1362],{"id":1361},[14,56444,56445,56446,25],{},"Here are the most common problems with ",[17,56447,55270],{},[1369,56449,8050,56451,56453],{"id":56450},"using-and-expecting-a-real-copy",[17,56452,80],{}," and expecting a real copy",[14,56455,38861],{},[60,56457,56459],{"className":62,"code":56458,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[17,56460,56461,56481,56489,56503,56507],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,56462,56463,56465,56467,56469,56471,56473,56475,56477,56479],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,56464,2421],{"class":75},[69,56466,80],{"class":79},[69,56468,84],{"class":83},[69,56470,473],{"class":87},[69,56472,91],{"class":83},[69,56474,316],{"class":87},[69,56476,91],{"class":83},[69,56478,516],{"class":87},[69,56480,103],{"class":83},[69,56482,56483,56485,56487],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,56484,2449],{"class":75},[69,56486,80],{"class":79},[69,56488,35835],{"class":75},[69,56490,56491,56493,56495,56497,56499,56501],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,56492,4587],{"class":75},[69,56494,25],{"class":83},[69,56496,13198],{"class":121},[69,56498,113],{"class":83},[69,56500,808],{"class":87},[69,56502,221],{"class":83},[69,56504,56505],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,56506,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,56508,56509,56511,56513,56515,56517],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,56510,110],{"class":109},[69,56512,113],{"class":83},[69,56514,192],{"class":121},[69,56516,3525],{"class":83},[69,56518,55370],{"class":128},[14,56520,56521,56522,1481],{},"Fix: use ",[17,56523,12420],{},[60,56525,56527],{"className":62,"code":56526,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a.copy()\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[17,56528,56529,56549,56564,56578,56582],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,56530,56531,56533,56535,56537,56539,56541,56543,56545,56547],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,56532,2421],{"class":75},[69,56534,80],{"class":79},[69,56536,84],{"class":83},[69,56538,473],{"class":87},[69,56540,91],{"class":83},[69,56542,316],{"class":87},[69,56544,91],{"class":83},[69,56546,516],{"class":87},[69,56548,103],{"class":83},[69,56550,56551,56553,56555,56558,56560,56562],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,56552,2449],{"class":75},[69,56554,80],{"class":79},[69,56556,56557],{"class":75}," a",[69,56559,25],{"class":83},[69,56561,12555],{"class":121},[69,56563,8277],{"class":83},[69,56565,56566,56568,56570,56572,56574,56576],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,56567,4587],{"class":75},[69,56569,25],{"class":83},[69,56571,13198],{"class":121},[69,56573,113],{"class":83},[69,56575,808],{"class":87},[69,56577,221],{"class":83},[69,56579,56580],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,56581,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,56583,56584,56586,56588,56590,56592],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,56585,110],{"class":109},[69,56587,113],{"class":83},[69,56589,192],{"class":121},[69,56591,3525],{"class":83},[69,56593,54601],{"class":128},[1369,56595,56597],{"id":56596},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-list","Forgetting to save the returned list",[60,56599,56601],{"className":62,"code":56600,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.copy()\n",[17,56602,56603,56623],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,56604,56605,56607,56609,56611,56613,56615,56617,56619,56621],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,56606,801],{"class":75},[69,56608,80],{"class":79},[69,56610,84],{"class":83},[69,56612,473],{"class":87},[69,56614,91],{"class":83},[69,56616,316],{"class":87},[69,56618,91],{"class":83},[69,56620,516],{"class":87},[69,56622,103],{"class":83},[69,56624,56625,56627,56629,56631],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,56626,3512],{"class":75},[69,56628,25],{"class":83},[69,56630,12555],{"class":121},[69,56632,8277],{"class":83},[14,56634,56635],{},"This creates a copy, but you do not keep it.",[14,56637,38924],{},[60,56639,56641],{"className":62,"code":56640,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n",[17,56642,56643,56663],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,56644,56645,56647,56649,56651,56653,56655,56657,56659,56661],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,56646,801],{"class":75},[69,56648,80],{"class":79},[69,56650,84],{"class":83},[69,56652,473],{"class":87},[69,56654,91],{"class":83},[69,56656,316],{"class":87},[69,56658,91],{"class":83},[69,56660,516],{"class":87},[69,56662,103],{"class":83},[69,56664,56665,56667,56669,56671,56673,56675],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,56666,55825],{"class":75},[69,56668,80],{"class":79},[69,56670,865],{"class":75},[69,56672,25],{"class":83},[69,56674,12555],{"class":121},[69,56676,8277],{"class":83},[1369,56678,56680],{"id":56679},"assuming-nested-lists-are-fully-copied","Assuming nested lists are fully copied",[60,56682,56684],{"className":62,"code":56683,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = [[1], [2]]\nb = a.copy()\n\nb[0].append(99)\n\nprint(a)  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[17,56685,56686,56704,56718,56722,56740,56744],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,56687,56688,56690,56692,56694,56696,56698,56700,56702],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,56689,2421],{"class":75},[69,56691,80],{"class":79},[69,56693,55963],{"class":83},[69,56695,473],{"class":87},[69,56697,17711],{"class":83},[69,56699,84],{"class":83},[69,56701,821],{"class":87},[69,56703,52911],{"class":83},[69,56705,56706,56708,56710,56712,56714,56716],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,56707,2449],{"class":75},[69,56709,80],{"class":79},[69,56711,56557],{"class":75},[69,56713,25],{"class":83},[69,56715,12555],{"class":121},[69,56717,8277],{"class":83},[69,56719,56720],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,56721,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,56723,56724,56726,56728,56730,56732,56734,56736,56738],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,56725,4587],{"class":75},[69,56727,3739],{"class":83},[69,56729,88],{"class":87},[69,56731,13195],{"class":83},[69,56733,13198],{"class":121},[69,56735,113],{"class":83},[69,56737,56016],{"class":87},[69,56739,221],{"class":83},[69,56741,56742],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,56743,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,56745,56746,56748,56750,56752,56754],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,56747,110],{"class":109},[69,56749,113],{"class":83},[69,56751,192],{"class":121},[69,56753,3525],{"class":83},[69,56755,56756],{"class":128},"  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[14,56758,56759,56760,56762],{},"Fix: remember that ",[17,56761,55270],{}," is shallow.",[1369,56764,25269,56766,56768],{"id":56765},"trying-to-use-copy-on-the-wrong-data-type",[17,56767,12420],{}," on the wrong data type",[14,56770,56771,56773],{},[17,56772,12420],{}," here is a list method, so the value must be a list.",[60,56775,56777],{"className":62,"code":56776,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"name = \"Alice\"\n# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[17,56778,56779,56791],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,56780,56781,56783,56785,56787,56789],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,56782,7507],{"class":75},[69,56784,80],{"class":79},[69,56786,964],{"class":94},[69,56788,4831],{"class":336},[69,56790,3224],{"class":94},[69,56792,56793],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,56794,56795],{"class":128},"# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[14,56797,56798],{},"If you are not sure what the variable contains, check its type:",[60,56800,56802],{"className":62,"code":56801,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(type(name))\n",[17,56803,56804],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,56805,56806,56808,56810,56812,56814,56816],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,56807,110],{"class":109},[69,56809,113],{"class":83},[69,56811,3087],{"class":1126},[69,56813,113],{"class":83},[69,56815,7297],{"class":121},[69,56817,342],{"class":83},[14,56819,56820,56821,56825],{},"You can also review ",[192,56822,56824],{"href":56823},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list\u002F","creating a list in Python"," if you need a quick refresher.",[141,56827,1651],{"id":1650},[1369,56829,12347,56831,56833],{"id":56830},"does-listcopy-change-the-original-list",[17,56832,55270],{}," change the original list?",[14,56835,56836],{},"No. It returns a new list. The original list stays the same unless you change it separately.",[1369,56838,5006,56840,587,56842,2359],{"id":56839},"what-is-the-difference-between-listcopy-and",[17,56841,55270],{},[17,56843,80],{},[14,56845,56846,56848,56849,56851],{},[17,56847,12420],{}," creates a new list. ",[17,56850,80],{}," creates another reference to the same list.",[1369,56853,14549,56855,14552],{"id":56854},"is-listcopy-a-deep-copy",[17,56856,55270],{},[14,56858,56859],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable items are still shared.",[1369,56861,56863],{"id":56862},"can-i-copy-an-empty-list","Can I copy an empty list?",[14,56865,41816,56866,56869],{},[17,56867,56868],{},"empty_list.copy()"," returns another empty list.",[1369,56871,14549,56873,56875,56876,2359],{"id":56872},"is-listcopy-the-same-as",[17,56874,55270],{}," the same as ",[17,56877,56303],{},[14,56879,56880],{},"For basic list copying, yes. Both create a shallow copy of the list.",[141,56882,1771],{"id":1770},[30,56884,56885,56890,56894,56899,56905],{},[33,56886,56887],{},[192,56888,14611],{"href":56889},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python\u002F",[33,56891,56892],{},[192,56893,52440],{"href":50647},[33,56895,56896],{},[192,56897,56898],{"href":56823},"Creating a list in Python",[33,56900,56901],{},[192,56902,55189,56903,10379],{"href":56438},[17,56904,52321],{},[33,56906,56907],{},[192,56908,13436],{"href":13435},[1802,56910,56911],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":56913},[56914,56915,56917,56918,56920,56921,56922,56924,56932,56943],{"id":1869,"depth":106,"text":1870},{"id":55380,"depth":106,"text":56916},"What list.copy() does",{"id":2023,"depth":106,"text":2024},{"id":55651,"depth":106,"text":56919},"Why not use =",{"id":55929,"depth":106,"text":55930},{"id":17066,"depth":106,"text":17067},{"id":56280,"depth":106,"text":56923},"When to use list.copy()",{"id":1361,"depth":106,"text":1362,"children":56925},[56926,56928,56929,56930],{"id":56450,"depth":300,"text":56927},"Using = and expecting a real copy",{"id":56596,"depth":300,"text":56597},{"id":56679,"depth":300,"text":56680},{"id":56765,"depth":300,"text":56931},"Trying to use copy() on the wrong data type",{"id":1650,"depth":106,"text":1651,"children":56933},[56934,56936,56938,56940,56941],{"id":56830,"depth":300,"text":56935},"Does list.copy() change the original list?",{"id":56839,"depth":300,"text":56937},"What is the difference between list.copy() and =?",{"id":56854,"depth":300,"text":56939},"Is list.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":56862,"depth":300,"text":56863},{"id":56872,"depth":300,"text":56942},"Is list.copy() the same as [:]?",{"id":1770,"depth":106,"text":1771},"Master python list copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method",{"title":55258,"description":56944},"reference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method","11yUo2QbfqRZ7h2dQr_jV0K1th-3cpd3G63JAUj7QoI",{"id":56951,"title":56952,"body":56953,"description":58695,"extension":1828,"meta":58696,"navigation":833,"path":58697,"seo":58698,"stem":58699,"__hash__":58700},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method.md","Python List count() Method",{"type":7,"value":56954,"toc":58654},[56955,56961,56967,56970,56981,56984,56986,57049,57055,57060,57064,57078,57081,57086,57091,57093,57095,57114,57126,57128,57195,57197,57205,57210,57212,57220,57223,57240,57242,57366,57377,57381,57386,57389,57391,57409,57413,57499,57508,57516,57585,57587,57590,57602,57607,57611,57682,57685,57689,57693,57758,57760,57768,57772,57855,57857,57865,57869,57930,57932,57940,57944,58031,58033,58041,58046,58051,58054,58065,58067,58152,58157,58166,58168,58172,58176,58181,58243,58247,58255,58261,58270,58275,58324,58327,58348,58352,58414,58421,58426,58429,58516,58519,58530,58533,58553,58555,58561,58564,58568,58572,58578,58581,58587,58594,58602,58613,58615,58651],[10,56956,54011,56958,10962],{"id":56957},"python-list-count-method",[17,56959,56960],{},"count()",[14,56962,56963,56966],{},[17,56964,56965],{},"list.count()"," tells you how many times one value appears in a list.",[14,56968,56969],{},"It is a useful method when you want to:",[30,56971,56972,56975,56978],{},[33,56973,56974],{},"count one specific item",[33,56976,56977],{},"check whether a value appears more than once",[33,56979,56980],{},"quickly see how many matches exist",[14,56982,56983],{},"It returns a number and does not change the original list.",[141,56985,3473],{"id":3472},[60,56987,56989],{"className":62,"code":56988,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 2]\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[17,56990,56991,57019,57037],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,56992,56993,56995,56997,56999,57001,57003,57005,57007,57009,57011,57013,57015,57017],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,56994,801],{"class":75},[69,56996,80],{"class":79},[69,56998,84],{"class":83},[69,57000,473],{"class":87},[69,57002,91],{"class":83},[69,57004,316],{"class":87},[69,57006,91],{"class":83},[69,57008,316],{"class":87},[69,57010,91],{"class":83},[69,57012,516],{"class":87},[69,57014,91],{"class":83},[69,57016,316],{"class":87},[69,57018,103],{"class":83},[69,57020,57021,57023,57025,57027,57029,57031,57033,57035],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,57022,839],{"class":75},[69,57024,80],{"class":79},[69,57026,865],{"class":75},[69,57028,25],{"class":83},[69,57030,40923],{"class":121},[69,57032,113],{"class":83},[69,57034,821],{"class":87},[69,57036,221],{"class":83},[69,57038,57039,57041,57043,57045,57047],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,57040,110],{"class":109},[69,57042,113],{"class":83},[69,57044,876],{"class":121},[69,57046,3525],{"class":83},[69,57048,50438],{"class":128},[14,57050,132,57051,57054],{},[17,57052,57053],{},"list.count(value)"," to count how many times one value appears in a list.",[141,57056,3540,57058,3543],{"id":57057},"what-listcount-does",[17,57059,56965],{},[14,57061,57062,1044],{},[17,57063,56965],{},[30,57065,57066,57069,57072,57075],{},[33,57067,57068],{},"counts how many times a given value appears in a list",[33,57070,57071],{},"returns an integer",[33,57073,57074],{},"does not change the original list",[33,57076,57077],{},"checks for exact matches",[14,57079,57080],{},"This means Python looks through the whole list and compares each item to the value you gave it.",[14,57082,57083,57084,25],{},"If the value appears 3 times, the method returns ",[17,57085,1929],{},[14,57087,57088,57089,25],{},"If it does not appear at all, the method returns ",[17,57090,88],{},[141,57092,2024],{"id":2023},[14,57094,2027],{},[60,57096,57098],{"className":62,"code":57097,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_list.count(value)\n",[17,57099,57100],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,57101,57102,57104,57106,57108,57110,57112],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,57103,7971],{"class":75},[69,57105,25],{"class":83},[69,57107,40923],{"class":121},[69,57109,113],{"class":83},[69,57111,2339],{"class":121},[69,57113,221],{"class":83},[30,57115,57116,57121],{},[33,57117,57118,57120],{},[17,57119,7971],{}," is the list you want to search",[33,57122,57123,57125],{},[17,57124,2339],{}," is the item you want to count",[14,57127,2076],{},[60,57129,57131],{"className":62,"code":57130,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"a\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters.count(\"a\"))\n",[17,57132,57133,57173],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,57134,57135,57137,57139,57141,57143,57145,57147,57149,57151,57153,57155,57157,57159,57161,57163,57165,57167,57169,57171],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,57136,35750],{"class":75},[69,57138,80],{"class":79},[69,57140,84],{"class":83},[69,57142,333],{"class":94},[69,57144,192],{"class":336},[69,57146,333],{"class":94},[69,57148,91],{"class":83},[69,57150,964],{"class":94},[69,57152,4587],{"class":336},[69,57154,333],{"class":94},[69,57156,91],{"class":83},[69,57158,964],{"class":94},[69,57160,192],{"class":336},[69,57162,333],{"class":94},[69,57164,91],{"class":83},[69,57166,964],{"class":94},[69,57168,9376],{"class":336},[69,57170,333],{"class":94},[69,57172,103],{"class":83},[69,57174,57175,57177,57179,57181,57183,57185,57187,57189,57191,57193],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,57176,110],{"class":109},[69,57178,113],{"class":83},[69,57180,35803],{"class":121},[69,57182,25],{"class":83},[69,57184,40923],{"class":121},[69,57186,113],{"class":83},[69,57188,333],{"class":94},[69,57190,192],{"class":336},[69,57192,333],{"class":94},[69,57194,342],{"class":83},[14,57196,643],{},[60,57198,57199],{"className":62,"code":16704,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,57200,57201],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,57202,57203],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,57204,16704],{"class":87},[14,57206,57207,57208,25],{},"Python checks the whole list. If the value is not found, it returns ",[17,57209,88],{},[141,57211,37682],{"id":37681},[14,57213,57214,57215,57217,57218,25],{},"The return value from ",[17,57216,56960],{}," is always an ",[17,57219,2056],{},[14,57221,57222],{},"Possible results:",[30,57224,57225,57230,57235],{},[33,57226,57227,57229],{},[17,57228,88],{}," if the value does not exist in the list",[33,57231,57232,57234],{},[17,57233,473],{}," if it appears once",[33,57236,57237,57239],{},[17,57238,821],{}," or more if it appears multiple times",[14,57241,2076],{},[60,57243,57245],{"className":62,"code":57244,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nprint(colors.count(\"blue\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))    # 1\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\")) # 0\n",[17,57246,57247,57287,57291,57316,57341],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,57248,57249,57251,57253,57255,57257,57259,57261,57263,57265,57267,57269,57271,57273,57275,57277,57279,57281,57283,57285],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,57250,12720],{"class":75},[69,57252,80],{"class":79},[69,57254,84],{"class":83},[69,57256,333],{"class":94},[69,57258,12737],{"class":336},[69,57260,333],{"class":94},[69,57262,91],{"class":83},[69,57264,964],{"class":94},[69,57266,12754],{"class":336},[69,57268,333],{"class":94},[69,57270,91],{"class":83},[69,57272,964],{"class":94},[69,57274,17104],{"class":336},[69,57276,333],{"class":94},[69,57278,91],{"class":83},[69,57280,964],{"class":94},[69,57282,12754],{"class":336},[69,57284,333],{"class":94},[69,57286,103],{"class":83},[69,57288,57289],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,57290,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,57292,57293,57295,57297,57299,57301,57303,57305,57307,57309,57311,57313],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,57294,110],{"class":109},[69,57296,113],{"class":83},[69,57298,17151],{"class":121},[69,57300,25],{"class":83},[69,57302,40923],{"class":121},[69,57304,113],{"class":83},[69,57306,333],{"class":94},[69,57308,12754],{"class":336},[69,57310,333],{"class":94},[69,57312,125],{"class":83},[69,57314,57315],{"class":128},"   # 2\n",[69,57317,57318,57320,57322,57324,57326,57328,57330,57332,57334,57336,57338],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,57319,110],{"class":109},[69,57321,113],{"class":83},[69,57323,17151],{"class":121},[69,57325,25],{"class":83},[69,57327,40923],{"class":121},[69,57329,113],{"class":83},[69,57331,333],{"class":94},[69,57333,12737],{"class":336},[69,57335,333],{"class":94},[69,57337,125],{"class":83},[69,57339,57340],{"class":128},"    # 1\n",[69,57342,57343,57345,57347,57349,57351,57353,57355,57357,57359,57361,57363],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,57344,110],{"class":109},[69,57346,113],{"class":83},[69,57348,17151],{"class":121},[69,57350,25],{"class":83},[69,57352,40923],{"class":121},[69,57354,113],{"class":83},[69,57356,333],{"class":94},[69,57358,22175],{"class":336},[69,57360,333],{"class":94},[69,57362,125],{"class":83},[69,57364,57365],{"class":128}," # 0\n",[14,57367,57368,57369,57371,57372,57374,57375,25],{},"If you only want to know whether a value exists, ",[17,57370,56960],{}," works, but using ",[17,57373,780],{}," is often simpler. See ",[192,57376,1034],{"href":1033},[141,57378,57380],{"id":57379},"how-matching-works","How matching works",[14,57382,57383,57385],{},[17,57384,56965],{}," uses equality matching.",[14,57387,57388],{},"That means Python checks whether each item is equal to the value you passed in.",[14,57390,43315],{},[30,57392,57393,57396,57399,57406],{},[33,57394,57395],{},"matches are based on equality",[33,57397,57398],{},"strings are case-sensitive",[33,57400,57401,587,57403,57405],{},[17,57402,473],{},[17,57404,53],{}," may compare as equal in Python",[33,57407,57408],{},"nested lists can be counted if the entire nested list matches",[1369,57410,57412],{"id":57411},"strings-are-case-sensitive","Strings are case-sensitive",[60,57414,57416],{"className":62,"code":57415,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = [\"apple\", \"Apple\", \"apple\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\nprint(words.count(\"Apple\"))  # 1\n",[17,57417,57418,57451,57475],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,57419,57420,57422,57424,57426,57428,57430,57432,57434,57436,57439,57441,57443,57445,57447,57449],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,57421,943],{"class":75},[69,57423,80],{"class":79},[69,57425,84],{"class":83},[69,57427,333],{"class":94},[69,57429,952],{"class":336},[69,57431,333],{"class":94},[69,57433,91],{"class":83},[69,57435,964],{"class":94},[69,57437,57438],{"class":336},"Apple",[69,57440,333],{"class":94},[69,57442,91],{"class":83},[69,57444,964],{"class":94},[69,57446,952],{"class":336},[69,57448,333],{"class":94},[69,57450,103],{"class":83},[69,57452,57453,57455,57457,57459,57461,57463,57465,57467,57469,57471,57473],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,57454,110],{"class":109},[69,57456,113],{"class":83},[69,57458,3947],{"class":121},[69,57460,25],{"class":83},[69,57462,40923],{"class":121},[69,57464,113],{"class":83},[69,57466,333],{"class":94},[69,57468,952],{"class":336},[69,57470,333],{"class":94},[69,57472,125],{"class":83},[69,57474,51083],{"class":128},[69,57476,57477,57479,57481,57483,57485,57487,57489,57491,57493,57495,57497],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,57478,110],{"class":109},[69,57480,113],{"class":83},[69,57482,3947],{"class":121},[69,57484,25],{"class":83},[69,57486,40923],{"class":121},[69,57488,113],{"class":83},[69,57490,333],{"class":94},[69,57492,57438],{"class":336},[69,57494,333],{"class":94},[69,57496,125],{"class":83},[69,57498,27433],{"class":128},[14,57500,57501,587,57504,57507],{},[17,57502,57503],{},"\"apple\"",[17,57505,57506],{},"\"Apple\""," are different strings.",[1369,57509,57511,587,57513,57515],{"id":57510},"_1-and-true-can-match",[17,57512,473],{},[17,57514,53],{}," can match",[60,57517,57519],{"className":62,"code":57518,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"values = [1, True, 2, 1]\nprint(values.count(1))     # 3\nprint(values.count(True))  # 3\n",[17,57520,57521,57545,57565],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,57522,57523,57525,57527,57529,57531,57533,57535,57537,57539,57541,57543],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,57524,76],{"class":75},[69,57526,80],{"class":79},[69,57528,84],{"class":83},[69,57530,473],{"class":87},[69,57532,91],{"class":83},[69,57534,1461],{"class":289},[69,57536,91],{"class":83},[69,57538,316],{"class":87},[69,57540,91],{"class":83},[69,57542,272],{"class":87},[69,57544,103],{"class":83},[69,57546,57547,57549,57551,57553,57555,57557,57559,57561,57563],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,57548,110],{"class":109},[69,57550,113],{"class":83},[69,57552,122],{"class":121},[69,57554,25],{"class":83},[69,57556,40923],{"class":121},[69,57558,113],{"class":83},[69,57560,473],{"class":87},[69,57562,125],{"class":83},[69,57564,50586],{"class":128},[69,57566,57567,57569,57571,57573,57575,57577,57579,57581,57583],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,57568,110],{"class":109},[69,57570,113],{"class":83},[69,57572,122],{"class":121},[69,57574,25],{"class":83},[69,57576,40923],{"class":121},[69,57578,113],{"class":83},[69,57580,53],{"class":289},[69,57582,125],{"class":83},[69,57584,50438],{"class":128},[14,57586,4242],{},[14,57588,57589],{},"In Python:",[30,57591,57592,57597],{},[33,57593,57594],{},[17,57595,57596],{},"True == 1",[33,57598,57599],{},[17,57600,57601],{},"False == 0",[14,57603,53322,57604,57606],{},[17,57605,56960],{}," may include both booleans and integers when they compare as equal.",[1369,57608,57610],{"id":57609},"nested-lists-must-match-exactly","Nested lists must match exactly",[60,57612,57614],{"className":62,"code":57613,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [1, 2], [1]]\nprint(items.count([1, 2]))  # 2\n",[17,57615,57616,57658],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,57617,57618,57620,57622,57624,57626,57628,57630,57632,57634,57636,57638,57640,57642,57644,57646,57648,57650,57652,57654,57656],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,57619,7409],{"class":75},[69,57621,80],{"class":79},[69,57623,55963],{"class":83},[69,57625,473],{"class":87},[69,57627,91],{"class":83},[69,57629,316],{"class":87},[69,57631,17711],{"class":83},[69,57633,84],{"class":83},[69,57635,1929],{"class":87},[69,57637,91],{"class":83},[69,57639,2323],{"class":87},[69,57641,17711],{"class":83},[69,57643,84],{"class":83},[69,57645,473],{"class":87},[69,57647,91],{"class":83},[69,57649,316],{"class":87},[69,57651,17711],{"class":83},[69,57653,84],{"class":83},[69,57655,473],{"class":87},[69,57657,52911],{"class":83},[69,57659,57660,57662,57664,57666,57668,57670,57672,57674,57676,57678,57680],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,57661,110],{"class":109},[69,57663,113],{"class":83},[69,57665,7440],{"class":121},[69,57667,25],{"class":83},[69,57669,40923],{"class":121},[69,57671,260],{"class":83},[69,57673,473],{"class":87},[69,57675,91],{"class":83},[69,57677,316],{"class":87},[69,57679,4561],{"class":83},[69,57681,51083],{"class":128},[14,57683,57684],{},"Python counts only exact matches of the full nested list.",[141,57686,57688],{"id":57687},"beginner-examples-to-include","Beginner examples to include",[1369,57690,57692],{"id":57691},"count-a-number-in-a-list-of-numbers","Count a number in a list of numbers",[60,57694,57696],{"className":62,"code":57695,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [10, 20, 10, 30, 10]\nresult = numbers.count(10)\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,57697,57698,57726,57744,57748],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,57699,57700,57702,57704,57706,57708,57710,57712,57714,57716,57718,57720,57722,57724],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,57701,801],{"class":75},[69,57703,80],{"class":79},[69,57705,84],{"class":83},[69,57707,2197],{"class":87},[69,57709,91],{"class":83},[69,57711,7420],{"class":87},[69,57713,91],{"class":83},[69,57715,826],{"class":87},[69,57717,91],{"class":83},[69,57719,7425],{"class":87},[69,57721,91],{"class":83},[69,57723,826],{"class":87},[69,57725,103],{"class":83},[69,57727,57728,57730,57732,57734,57736,57738,57740,57742],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,57729,839],{"class":75},[69,57731,80],{"class":79},[69,57733,865],{"class":75},[69,57735,25],{"class":83},[69,57737,40923],{"class":121},[69,57739,113],{"class":83},[69,57741,2197],{"class":87},[69,57743,221],{"class":83},[69,57745,57746],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,57747,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,57749,57750,57752,57754,57756],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,57751,110],{"class":109},[69,57753,113],{"class":83},[69,57755,876],{"class":121},[69,57757,221],{"class":83},[14,57759,643],{},[60,57761,57762],{"className":62,"code":46283,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,57763,57764],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,57765,57766],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,57767,46283],{"class":87},[1369,57769,57771],{"id":57770},"count-a-word-in-a-list-of-strings","Count a word in a list of strings",[60,57773,57775],{"className":62,"code":57774,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = [\"cat\", \"dog\", \"cat\", \"bird\"]\nresult = words.count(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,57776,57777,57819,57841,57845],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,57778,57779,57781,57783,57785,57787,57789,57791,57793,57795,57798,57800,57802,57804,57806,57808,57810,57812,57815,57817],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,57780,943],{"class":75},[69,57782,80],{"class":79},[69,57784,84],{"class":83},[69,57786,333],{"class":94},[69,57788,36708],{"class":336},[69,57790,333],{"class":94},[69,57792,91],{"class":83},[69,57794,964],{"class":94},[69,57796,57797],{"class":336},"dog",[69,57799,333],{"class":94},[69,57801,91],{"class":83},[69,57803,964],{"class":94},[69,57805,36708],{"class":336},[69,57807,333],{"class":94},[69,57809,91],{"class":83},[69,57811,964],{"class":94},[69,57813,57814],{"class":336},"bird",[69,57816,333],{"class":94},[69,57818,103],{"class":83},[69,57820,57821,57823,57825,57827,57829,57831,57833,57835,57837,57839],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,57822,839],{"class":75},[69,57824,80],{"class":79},[69,57826,1004],{"class":75},[69,57828,25],{"class":83},[69,57830,40923],{"class":121},[69,57832,113],{"class":83},[69,57834,333],{"class":94},[69,57836,36708],{"class":336},[69,57838,333],{"class":94},[69,57840,221],{"class":83},[69,57842,57843],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,57844,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,57846,57847,57849,57851,57853],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,57848,110],{"class":109},[69,57850,113],{"class":83},[69,57852,876],{"class":121},[69,57854,221],{"class":83},[14,57856,643],{},[60,57858,57859],{"className":62,"code":16704,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,57860,57861],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,57862,57863],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,57864,16704],{"class":87},[1369,57866,57868],{"id":57867},"count-a-value-that-is-not-in-the-list","Count a value that is not in the list",[60,57870,57872],{"className":62,"code":57871,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = numbers.count(5)\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,57873,57874,57898,57916,57920],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,57875,57876,57878,57880,57882,57884,57886,57888,57890,57892,57894,57896],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,57877,801],{"class":75},[69,57879,80],{"class":79},[69,57881,84],{"class":83},[69,57883,473],{"class":87},[69,57885,91],{"class":83},[69,57887,316],{"class":87},[69,57889,91],{"class":83},[69,57891,516],{"class":87},[69,57893,91],{"class":83},[69,57895,2323],{"class":87},[69,57897,103],{"class":83},[69,57899,57900,57902,57904,57906,57908,57910,57912,57914],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,57901,839],{"class":75},[69,57903,80],{"class":79},[69,57905,865],{"class":75},[69,57907,25],{"class":83},[69,57909,40923],{"class":121},[69,57911,113],{"class":83},[69,57913,670],{"class":87},[69,57915,221],{"class":83},[69,57917,57918],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,57919,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,57921,57922,57924,57926,57928],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,57923,110],{"class":109},[69,57925,113],{"class":83},[69,57927,876],{"class":121},[69,57929,221],{"class":83},[14,57931,643],{},[60,57933,57934],{"className":62,"code":46918,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,57935,57936],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,57937,57938],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,57939,46918],{"class":87},[1369,57941,57943],{"id":57942},"count-repeated-nested-list-values","Count repeated nested list values",[60,57945,57947],{"className":62,"code":57946,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = [[1, 2], [1, 2], [2, 3], [1, 2]]\nresult = data.count([1, 2])\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,57948,57949,57995,58017,58021],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,57950,57951,57953,57955,57957,57959,57961,57963,57965,57967,57969,57971,57973,57975,57977,57979,57981,57983,57985,57987,57989,57991,57993],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,57952,8801],{"class":75},[69,57954,80],{"class":79},[69,57956,55963],{"class":83},[69,57958,473],{"class":87},[69,57960,91],{"class":83},[69,57962,316],{"class":87},[69,57964,17711],{"class":83},[69,57966,84],{"class":83},[69,57968,473],{"class":87},[69,57970,91],{"class":83},[69,57972,316],{"class":87},[69,57974,17711],{"class":83},[69,57976,84],{"class":83},[69,57978,821],{"class":87},[69,57980,91],{"class":83},[69,57982,516],{"class":87},[69,57984,17711],{"class":83},[69,57986,84],{"class":83},[69,57988,473],{"class":87},[69,57990,91],{"class":83},[69,57992,316],{"class":87},[69,57994,52911],{"class":83},[69,57996,57997,57999,58001,58003,58005,58007,58009,58011,58013,58015],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,57998,839],{"class":75},[69,58000,80],{"class":79},[69,58002,14212],{"class":75},[69,58004,25],{"class":83},[69,58006,40923],{"class":121},[69,58008,260],{"class":83},[69,58010,473],{"class":87},[69,58012,91],{"class":83},[69,58014,316],{"class":87},[69,58016,3727],{"class":83},[69,58018,58019],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,58020,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,58022,58023,58025,58027,58029],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,58024,110],{"class":109},[69,58026,113],{"class":83},[69,58028,876],{"class":121},[69,58030,221],{"class":83},[14,58032,643],{},[60,58034,58035],{"className":62,"code":46283,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,58036,58037],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,58038,58039],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,58040,46283],{"class":87},[141,58042,4788,58044],{"id":58043},"when-to-use-count",[17,58045,56960],{},[14,58047,132,58048,58050],{},[17,58049,56960],{}," when you need the number of appearances of one value.",[14,58052,58053],{},"Good use cases:",[30,58055,58056,58059,58062],{},[33,58057,58058],{},"counting one specific item",[33,58060,58061],{},"checking whether a list contains duplicates of a value",[33,58063,58064],{},"doing a quick count before making a decision",[14,58066,2076],{},[60,58068,58070],{"className":62,"code":58069,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"votes = [\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\"]\nyes_votes = votes.count(\"yes\")\n\nprint(yes_votes)\n",[17,58071,58072,58113,58137,58141],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,58073,58074,58077,58079,58081,58083,58085,58087,58089,58091,58093,58095,58097,58099,58101,58103,58105,58107,58109,58111],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,58075,58076],{"class":75},"votes ",[69,58078,80],{"class":79},[69,58080,84],{"class":83},[69,58082,333],{"class":94},[69,58084,8292],{"class":336},[69,58086,333],{"class":94},[69,58088,91],{"class":83},[69,58090,964],{"class":94},[69,58092,8231],{"class":336},[69,58094,333],{"class":94},[69,58096,91],{"class":83},[69,58098,964],{"class":94},[69,58100,8292],{"class":336},[69,58102,333],{"class":94},[69,58104,91],{"class":83},[69,58106,964],{"class":94},[69,58108,8292],{"class":336},[69,58110,333],{"class":94},[69,58112,103],{"class":83},[69,58114,58115,58118,58120,58123,58125,58127,58129,58131,58133,58135],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,58116,58117],{"class":75},"yes_votes ",[69,58119,80],{"class":79},[69,58121,58122],{"class":75}," votes",[69,58124,25],{"class":83},[69,58126,40923],{"class":121},[69,58128,113],{"class":83},[69,58130,333],{"class":94},[69,58132,8292],{"class":336},[69,58134,333],{"class":94},[69,58136,221],{"class":83},[69,58138,58139],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,58140,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,58142,58143,58145,58147,58150],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,58144,110],{"class":109},[69,58146,113],{"class":83},[69,58148,58149],{"class":121},"yes_votes",[69,58151,221],{"class":83},[14,58153,58154,58156],{},[17,58155,56960],{}," is not the best choice if you need counts for many different values. In that case, you would usually use a loop or another tool.",[14,58158,58159,58160,587,58162,25],{},"If you are still learning list basics, see ",[192,58161,52440],{"href":50647},[192,58163,58165],{"href":58164},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-list-in-python\u002F","what is a list in Python",[141,58167,2698],{"id":2697},[14,58169,8080,58170,25],{},[17,58171,56965],{},[1369,58173,58175],{"id":58174},"trying-to-count-part-of-a-string-instead-of-list-items","Trying to count part of a string instead of list items",[14,58177,58178,58180],{},[17,58179,56965],{}," counts list items, not parts of a string.",[60,58182,58184],{"className":62,"code":58183,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = [\"apple pie\", \"banana\", \"apple pie\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 0\n",[17,58185,58186,58219],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,58187,58188,58190,58192,58194,58196,58199,58201,58203,58205,58207,58209,58211,58213,58215,58217],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,58189,943],{"class":75},[69,58191,80],{"class":79},[69,58193,84],{"class":83},[69,58195,333],{"class":94},[69,58197,58198],{"class":336},"apple pie",[69,58200,333],{"class":94},[69,58202,91],{"class":83},[69,58204,964],{"class":94},[69,58206,967],{"class":336},[69,58208,333],{"class":94},[69,58210,91],{"class":83},[69,58212,964],{"class":94},[69,58214,58198],{"class":336},[69,58216,333],{"class":94},[69,58218,103],{"class":83},[69,58220,58221,58223,58225,58227,58229,58231,58233,58235,58237,58239,58241],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,58222,110],{"class":109},[69,58224,113],{"class":83},[69,58226,3947],{"class":121},[69,58228,25],{"class":83},[69,58230,40923],{"class":121},[69,58232,113],{"class":83},[69,58234,333],{"class":94},[69,58236,952],{"class":336},[69,58238,333],{"class":94},[69,58240,125],{"class":83},[69,58242,50915],{"class":128},[14,58244,2355,58245,2359],{},[17,58246,88],{},[14,58248,28715,58249,58251,58252,25],{},[17,58250,57503],{}," is not a full item in the list. The list contains ",[17,58253,58254],{},"\"apple pie\"",[14,58256,58257,58258,25],{},"If your data is a string instead of a list, you may be thinking of ",[17,58259,58260],{},"str.count()",[1369,58262,8086,58264,8089,58266,54,58268],{"id":58263},"expecting-count-to-return-true-or-false",[17,58265,56960],{},[17,58267,53],{},[17,58269,57],{},[14,58271,58272,58274],{},[17,58273,56960],{}," returns a number, not a boolean.",[60,58276,58278],{"className":62,"code":58277,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.count(2))  # 2\n",[17,58279,58280,58304],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,58281,58282,58284,58286,58288,58290,58292,58294,58296,58298,58300,58302],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,58283,801],{"class":75},[69,58285,80],{"class":79},[69,58287,84],{"class":83},[69,58289,473],{"class":87},[69,58291,91],{"class":83},[69,58293,316],{"class":87},[69,58295,91],{"class":83},[69,58297,316],{"class":87},[69,58299,91],{"class":83},[69,58301,516],{"class":87},[69,58303,103],{"class":83},[69,58305,58306,58308,58310,58312,58314,58316,58318,58320,58322],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,58307,110],{"class":109},[69,58309,113],{"class":83},[69,58311,3512],{"class":121},[69,58313,25],{"class":83},[69,58315,40923],{"class":121},[69,58317,113],{"class":83},[69,58319,821],{"class":87},[69,58321,125],{"class":83},[69,58323,51083],{"class":128},[14,58325,58326],{},"If you want a true\u002Ffalse answer, use:",[60,58328,58330],{"className":62,"code":58329,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(2 in numbers)  # True\n",[17,58331,58332],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,58333,58334,58336,58338,58340,58342,58344,58346],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,58335,110],{"class":109},[69,58337,113],{"class":83},[69,58339,821],{"class":87},[69,58341,20824],{"class":773},[69,58343,865],{"class":121},[69,58345,3525],{"class":83},[69,58347,129],{"class":128},[1369,58349,58351],{"id":58350},"forgetting-that-string-matching-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that string matching is case-sensitive",[60,58353,58355],{"className":62,"code":58354,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"names = [\"Sam\", \"sam\", \"SAM\"]\nprint(names.count(\"sam\"))  # 1\n",[17,58356,58357,58390],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,58358,58359,58361,58363,58365,58367,58369,58371,58373,58375,58377,58379,58381,58383,58386,58388],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,58360,4822],{"class":75},[69,58362,80],{"class":79},[69,58364,84],{"class":83},[69,58366,333],{"class":94},[69,58368,7306],{"class":336},[69,58370,333],{"class":94},[69,58372,91],{"class":83},[69,58374,964],{"class":94},[69,58376,19868],{"class":336},[69,58378,333],{"class":94},[69,58380,91],{"class":83},[69,58382,964],{"class":94},[69,58384,58385],{"class":336},"SAM",[69,58387,333],{"class":94},[69,58389,103],{"class":83},[69,58391,58392,58394,58396,58398,58400,58402,58404,58406,58408,58410,58412],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,58393,110],{"class":109},[69,58395,113],{"class":83},[69,58397,4866],{"class":121},[69,58399,25],{"class":83},[69,58401,40923],{"class":121},[69,58403,113],{"class":83},[69,58405,333],{"class":94},[69,58407,19868],{"class":336},[69,58409,333],{"class":94},[69,58411,125],{"class":83},[69,58413,27433],{"class":128},[14,58415,58416,58417,58420],{},"Only the exact string ",[17,58418,58419],{},"\"sam\""," matches.",[1369,58422,29304,58424,33205],{"id":58423},"calling-count-on-the-wrong-type",[17,58425,56960],{},[14,58427,58428],{},"If you are not sure what your variable contains, inspect it first:",[60,58430,58432],{"className":62,"code":58431,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(value in my_list)\nfor item in my_list:\n    print(repr(item))\n",[17,58433,58434,58444,58458,58476,58490,58502],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,58435,58436,58438,58440,58442],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,58437,110],{"class":109},[69,58439,113],{"class":83},[69,58441,7971],{"class":121},[69,58443,221],{"class":83},[69,58445,58446,58448,58450,58452,58454,58456],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,58447,110],{"class":109},[69,58449,113],{"class":83},[69,58451,3087],{"class":1126},[69,58453,113],{"class":83},[69,58455,7971],{"class":121},[69,58457,342],{"class":83},[69,58459,58460,58462,58464,58466,58468,58470,58472,58474],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,58461,110],{"class":109},[69,58463,113],{"class":83},[69,58465,7971],{"class":121},[69,58467,25],{"class":83},[69,58469,40923],{"class":121},[69,58471,113],{"class":83},[69,58473,2339],{"class":121},[69,58475,342],{"class":83},[69,58477,58478,58480,58482,58484,58486,58488],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,58479,110],{"class":109},[69,58481,113],{"class":83},[69,58483,2313],{"class":121},[69,58485,780],{"class":773},[69,58487,8028],{"class":121},[69,58489,221],{"class":83},[69,58491,58492,58494,58496,58498,58500],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,58493,774],{"class":773},[69,58495,777],{"class":75},[69,58497,780],{"class":773},[69,58499,8028],{"class":75},[69,58501,1235],{"class":83},[69,58503,58504,58506,58508,58510,58512,58514],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,58505,7700],{"class":109},[69,58507,113],{"class":83},[69,58509,41443],{"class":109},[69,58511,113],{"class":83},[69,58513,22962],{"class":121},[69,58515,342],{"class":83},[14,58517,58518],{},"These checks can help you see:",[30,58520,58521,58524,58527],{},[33,58522,58523],{},"whether the variable is really a list",[33,58525,58526],{},"whether the values are exactly what you expect",[33,58528,58529],{},"whether spacing, capitalization, or data type differences are causing problems",[14,58531,58532],{},"Common causes of confusion include:",[30,58534,58535,58540,58543,58550],{},[33,58536,50159,58537,58539],{},[17,58538,56960],{}," when the data is a string, not a list",[33,58541,58542],{},"expecting substring behavior instead of exact list-item matching",[33,58544,10746,58545,58547,58548],{},[17,58546,56965],{}," with string ",[17,58549,56960],{},[33,58551,58552],{},"being surprised that booleans and integers can compare as equal",[141,58554,1651],{"id":1650},[1369,58556,12347,58558,58560],{"id":58557},"does-listcount-change-the-list",[17,58559,56965],{}," change the list?",[14,58562,58563],{},"No. It only returns how many times a value appears.",[1369,58565,58567],{"id":58566},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-list","What happens if the value is not in the list?",[14,58569,11553,58570,25],{},[17,58571,88],{},[1369,58573,4996,58575,58577],{"id":58574},"can-listcount-count-multiple-different-values-at-once",[17,58576,56965],{}," count multiple different values at once?",[14,58579,58580],{},"No. It counts one value per call.",[1369,58582,14549,58584,58586],{"id":58583},"is-listcount-case-sensitive-for-strings",[17,58585,56965],{}," case-sensitive for strings?",[14,58588,41816,58589,587,58591,58593],{},[17,58590,57506],{},[17,58592,57503],{}," are different values.",[1369,58595,4984,58597,58599,58600,2359],{"id":58596},"why-does-true-sometimes-count-like-1",[17,58598,53],{}," sometimes count like ",[17,58601,473],{},[14,58603,8420,58604,58606,58607,587,58609,58606,58611,25],{},[17,58605,53],{}," compares equal to ",[17,58608,473],{},[17,58610,57],{},[17,58612,88],{},[141,58614,1771],{"id":1770},[30,58616,58617,58621,58627,58631,58639,58646],{},[33,58618,58619],{},[192,58620,52440],{"href":50647},[33,58622,58623],{},[192,58624,58626],{"href":58625},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to find an item in a list in Python",[33,58628,58629],{},[192,58630,1794],{"href":1033},[33,58632,58633],{},[192,58634,55189,58636,10379],{"href":58635},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method\u002F",[17,58637,58638],{},"index()",[33,58640,58641],{},[192,58642,3441,58644],{"href":58643},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len",[17,58645,42025],{},[33,58647,58648],{},[192,58649,58650],{"href":58164},"What is a list in Python",[1802,58652,58653],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":58655},[58656,58657,58659,58660,58661,58667,58673,58675,58683,58694],{"id":3472,"depth":106,"text":3473},{"id":57057,"depth":106,"text":58658},"What list.count() does",{"id":2023,"depth":106,"text":2024},{"id":37681,"depth":106,"text":37682},{"id":57379,"depth":106,"text":57380,"children":58662},[58663,58664,58666],{"id":57411,"depth":300,"text":57412},{"id":57510,"depth":300,"text":58665},"1 and True can match",{"id":57609,"depth":300,"text":57610},{"id":57687,"depth":106,"text":57688,"children":58668},[58669,58670,58671,58672],{"id":57691,"depth":300,"text":57692},{"id":57770,"depth":300,"text":57771},{"id":57867,"depth":300,"text":57868},{"id":57942,"depth":300,"text":57943},{"id":58043,"depth":106,"text":58674},"When to use count()",{"id":2697,"depth":106,"text":2698,"children":58676},[58677,58678,58680,58681],{"id":58174,"depth":300,"text":58175},{"id":58263,"depth":300,"text":58679},"Expecting count() to return True or False",{"id":58350,"depth":300,"text":58351},{"id":58423,"depth":300,"text":58682},"Calling count() on the wrong type",{"id":1650,"depth":106,"text":1651,"children":58684},[58685,58687,58688,58690,58692],{"id":58557,"depth":300,"text":58686},"Does list.count() change the list?",{"id":58566,"depth":300,"text":58567},{"id":58574,"depth":300,"text":58689},"Can list.count() count multiple different values at once?",{"id":58583,"depth":300,"text":58691},"Is list.count() case-sensitive for strings?",{"id":58596,"depth":300,"text":58693},"Why does True sometimes count like 1?",{"id":1770,"depth":106,"text":1771},"Master python list count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method",{"title":56952,"description":58695},"reference\u002Fpython-list-count-method","OaDs4b1B53uOAHV8umIolgeKHFj-NyORlCwOR-o8JYw",{"id":58702,"title":58703,"body":58704,"description":60667,"extension":1828,"meta":60668,"navigation":833,"path":60669,"seo":60670,"stem":60671,"__hash__":60672},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list.md","Python List: Creating a List",{"type":7,"value":58705,"toc":60630},[58706,58709,58712,58714,58842,58846,58927,58938,58940,58959,58963,58966,58969,58987,58989,59032,59036,59061,59070,59074,59079,59082,59199,59203,59272,59276,59288,59292,59295,59336,59340,59353,59356,59441,59445,59478,59485,59491,59496,59498,59510,59514,59547,59551,59583,59587,59624,59628,59648,59652,59686,59690,59719,59730,59734,59737,59740,59753,59810,59814,59853,59859,59862,59864,59867,59871,59874,59899,59901,59926,59933,59936,59981,59985,60004,60007,60046,60053,60058,60092,60096,60197,60204,60237,60241,60267,60271,60274,60312,60315,60352,60356,60359,60378,60382,60443,60445,60463,60467,60470,60473,60502,60504,60508,60511,60519,60523,60526,60546,60552,60558,60562,60565,60572,60580,60582,60621,60627],[10,58707,58703],{"id":58708},"python-list-creating-a-list",[14,58710,58711],{},"A Python list is one of the most common data structures you will use. This page shows the main ways to create a list, what list syntax looks like, and when each approach is useful.",[141,58713,3473],{"id":3472},[60,58715,58717],{"className":62,"code":58716,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nempty_list = []\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(empty_list)\nprint(letters)\n",[17,58718,58719,58739,58771,58779,58797,58801,58811,58821,58832],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,58720,58721,58723,58725,58727,58729,58731,58733,58735,58737],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,58722,801],{"class":75},[69,58724,80],{"class":79},[69,58726,84],{"class":83},[69,58728,473],{"class":87},[69,58730,91],{"class":83},[69,58732,316],{"class":87},[69,58734,91],{"class":83},[69,58736,516],{"class":87},[69,58738,103],{"class":83},[69,58740,58741,58743,58745,58747,58749,58751,58753,58755,58757,58759,58761,58763,58765,58767,58769],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,58742,4822],{"class":75},[69,58744,80],{"class":79},[69,58746,84],{"class":83},[69,58748,333],{"class":94},[69,58750,12524],{"class":336},[69,58752,333],{"class":94},[69,58754,91],{"class":83},[69,58756,964],{"class":94},[69,58758,35600],{"class":336},[69,58760,333],{"class":94},[69,58762,91],{"class":83},[69,58764,964],{"class":94},[69,58766,35609],{"class":336},[69,58768,333],{"class":94},[69,58770,103],{"class":83},[69,58772,58773,58775,58777],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,58774,55600],{"class":75},[69,58776,80],{"class":79},[69,58778,7469],{"class":83},[69,58780,58781,58783,58785,58787,58789,58791,58793,58795],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,58782,35750],{"class":75},[69,58784,80],{"class":79},[69,58786,22211],{"class":1126},[69,58788,113],{"class":83},[69,58790,333],{"class":94},[69,58792,41224],{"class":336},[69,58794,333],{"class":94},[69,58796,221],{"class":83},[69,58798,58799],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,58800,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,58802,58803,58805,58807,58809],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,58804,110],{"class":109},[69,58806,113],{"class":83},[69,58808,3512],{"class":121},[69,58810,221],{"class":83},[69,58812,58813,58815,58817,58819],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,58814,110],{"class":109},[69,58816,113],{"class":83},[69,58818,4866],{"class":121},[69,58820,221],{"class":83},[69,58822,58823,58825,58827,58830],{"class":71,"line":1269},[69,58824,110],{"class":109},[69,58826,113],{"class":83},[69,58828,58829],{"class":121},"empty_list",[69,58831,221],{"class":83},[69,58833,58834,58836,58838,58840],{"class":71,"line":1275},[69,58835,110],{"class":109},[69,58837,113],{"class":83},[69,58839,35803],{"class":121},[69,58841,221],{"class":83},[14,58843,58844],{},[22,58845,643],{},[60,58847,58849],{"className":62,"code":58848,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[17,58850,58851,58867,58895,58899],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,58852,58853,58855,58857,58859,58861,58863,58865],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,58854,3739],{"class":83},[69,58856,473],{"class":87},[69,58858,91],{"class":83},[69,58860,316],{"class":87},[69,58862,91],{"class":83},[69,58864,516],{"class":87},[69,58866,103],{"class":83},[69,58868,58869,58871,58873,58875,58877,58879,58881,58883,58885,58887,58889,58891,58893],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,58870,3739],{"class":83},[69,58872,488],{"class":94},[69,58874,12524],{"class":336},[69,58876,488],{"class":94},[69,58878,91],{"class":83},[69,58880,3161],{"class":94},[69,58882,35600],{"class":336},[69,58884,488],{"class":94},[69,58886,91],{"class":83},[69,58888,3161],{"class":94},[69,58890,35609],{"class":336},[69,58892,488],{"class":94},[69,58894,103],{"class":83},[69,58896,58897],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,58898,37959],{"class":83},[69,58900,58901,58903,58905,58907,58909,58911,58913,58915,58917,58919,58921,58923,58925],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,58902,3739],{"class":83},[69,58904,488],{"class":94},[69,58906,192],{"class":336},[69,58908,488],{"class":94},[69,58910,91],{"class":83},[69,58912,3161],{"class":94},[69,58914,4587],{"class":336},[69,58916,488],{"class":94},[69,58918,91],{"class":83},[69,58920,3161],{"class":94},[69,58922,9376],{"class":336},[69,58924,488],{"class":94},[69,58926,103],{"class":83},[14,58928,58929,58930,58932,58933,58935,58936,25],{},"Use square brackets ",[17,58931,434],{}," for most lists. Use ",[17,58934,24433],{}," when converting another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[17,58937,35858],{},[141,58939,14809],{"id":14808},[30,58941,58942,58945,58948,58951,58956],{},[33,58943,58944],{},"What a list is in Python",[33,58946,58947],{},"How to create a list with square brackets",[33,58949,58950],{},"How to create an empty list",[33,58952,58953,58954,2169],{},"How to create a list with the ",[17,58955,24433],{},[33,58957,58958],{},"What kinds of values a list can store",[141,58960,58962],{"id":58961},"what-a-python-list-is","What a Python list is",[14,58964,58965],{},"A list is an ordered collection of items.",[14,58967,58968],{},"This means:",[30,58970,58971,58974,58977,58980],{},[33,58972,58973],{},"A list can contain one item or many items",[33,58975,58976],{},"The order of items is kept",[33,58978,58979],{},"A list can hold different data types",[33,58981,58982,58983,58986],{},"A list is ",[22,58984,58985],{},"mutable",", which means you can change it after creating it",[14,58988,2076],{},[60,58990,58992],{"className":62,"code":58991,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = [\"apple\", 10, True]\n\nprint(items)\n",[17,58993,58994,59018,59022],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,58995,58996,58998,59000,59002,59004,59006,59008,59010,59012,59014,59016],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,58997,7409],{"class":75},[69,58999,80],{"class":79},[69,59001,84],{"class":83},[69,59003,333],{"class":94},[69,59005,952],{"class":336},[69,59007,333],{"class":94},[69,59009,91],{"class":83},[69,59011,826],{"class":87},[69,59013,91],{"class":83},[69,59015,1461],{"class":289},[69,59017,103],{"class":83},[69,59019,59020],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,59021,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,59023,59024,59026,59028,59030],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,59025,110],{"class":109},[69,59027,113],{"class":83},[69,59029,7440],{"class":121},[69,59031,221],{"class":83},[14,59033,59034],{},[22,59035,643],{},[60,59037,59039],{"className":62,"code":59038,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['apple', 10, True]\n",[17,59040,59041],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,59042,59043,59045,59047,59049,59051,59053,59055,59057,59059],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,59044,3739],{"class":83},[69,59046,488],{"class":94},[69,59048,952],{"class":336},[69,59050,488],{"class":94},[69,59052,91],{"class":83},[69,59054,826],{"class":87},[69,59056,91],{"class":83},[69,59058,1461],{"class":289},[69,59060,103],{"class":83},[14,59062,59063,59064,54,59067,25],{},"If you want a broader introduction, see ",[192,59065,59066],{"href":50647},"Python Lists Explained for Beginners",[192,59068,59069],{"href":58164},"What is a List in Python?",[141,59071,59073],{"id":59072},"create-a-list-with-square-brackets","Create a list with square brackets",[14,59075,58929,59076,59078],{},[17,59077,434],{}," to create a list. Put items inside the brackets and separate them with commas.",[14,59080,59081],{},"This is the most common way to create a list.",[60,59083,59085],{"className":62,"code":59084,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nmixed = [10, \"hello\", False]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(mixed)\n",[17,59086,59087,59107,59139,59164,59168,59178,59188],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,59088,59089,59091,59093,59095,59097,59099,59101,59103,59105],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,59090,801],{"class":75},[69,59092,80],{"class":79},[69,59094,84],{"class":83},[69,59096,473],{"class":87},[69,59098,91],{"class":83},[69,59100,316],{"class":87},[69,59102,91],{"class":83},[69,59104,516],{"class":87},[69,59106,103],{"class":83},[69,59108,59109,59111,59113,59115,59117,59119,59121,59123,59125,59127,59129,59131,59133,59135,59137],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,59110,4822],{"class":75},[69,59112,80],{"class":79},[69,59114,84],{"class":83},[69,59116,333],{"class":94},[69,59118,12524],{"class":336},[69,59120,333],{"class":94},[69,59122,91],{"class":83},[69,59124,964],{"class":94},[69,59126,35600],{"class":336},[69,59128,333],{"class":94},[69,59130,91],{"class":83},[69,59132,964],{"class":94},[69,59134,35609],{"class":336},[69,59136,333],{"class":94},[69,59138,103],{"class":83},[69,59140,59141,59144,59146,59148,59150,59152,59154,59156,59158,59160,59162],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,59142,59143],{"class":75},"mixed ",[69,59145,80],{"class":79},[69,59147,84],{"class":83},[69,59149,2197],{"class":87},[69,59151,91],{"class":83},[69,59153,964],{"class":94},[69,59155,337],{"class":336},[69,59157,333],{"class":94},[69,59159,91],{"class":83},[69,59161,294],{"class":289},[69,59163,103],{"class":83},[69,59165,59166],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,59167,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,59169,59170,59172,59174,59176],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,59171,110],{"class":109},[69,59173,113],{"class":83},[69,59175,3512],{"class":121},[69,59177,221],{"class":83},[69,59179,59180,59182,59184,59186],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,59181,110],{"class":109},[69,59183,113],{"class":83},[69,59185,4866],{"class":121},[69,59187,221],{"class":83},[69,59189,59190,59192,59194,59197],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,59191,110],{"class":109},[69,59193,113],{"class":83},[69,59195,59196],{"class":121},"mixed",[69,59198,221],{"class":83},[14,59200,59201],{},[22,59202,643],{},[60,59204,59206],{"className":62,"code":59205,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[10, 'hello', False]\n",[17,59207,59208,59224,59252],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,59209,59210,59212,59214,59216,59218,59220,59222],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,59211,3739],{"class":83},[69,59213,473],{"class":87},[69,59215,91],{"class":83},[69,59217,316],{"class":87},[69,59219,91],{"class":83},[69,59221,516],{"class":87},[69,59223,103],{"class":83},[69,59225,59226,59228,59230,59232,59234,59236,59238,59240,59242,59244,59246,59248,59250],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,59227,3739],{"class":83},[69,59229,488],{"class":94},[69,59231,12524],{"class":336},[69,59233,488],{"class":94},[69,59235,91],{"class":83},[69,59237,3161],{"class":94},[69,59239,35600],{"class":336},[69,59241,488],{"class":94},[69,59243,91],{"class":83},[69,59245,3161],{"class":94},[69,59247,35609],{"class":336},[69,59249,488],{"class":94},[69,59251,103],{"class":83},[69,59253,59254,59256,59258,59260,59262,59264,59266,59268,59270],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,59255,3739],{"class":83},[69,59257,2197],{"class":87},[69,59259,91],{"class":83},[69,59261,3161],{"class":94},[69,59263,337],{"class":336},[69,59265,488],{"class":94},[69,59267,91],{"class":83},[69,59269,294],{"class":289},[69,59271,103],{"class":83},[1369,59273,59275],{"id":59274},"key-points","Key points",[30,59277,59278,59283,59285],{},[33,59279,132,59280,59282],{},[17,59281,434],{}," to make a new list",[33,59284,15079],{},[33,59286,59287],{},"Works with numbers, strings, booleans, and mixed values",[141,59289,59291],{"id":59290},"create-an-empty-list","Create an empty list",[14,59293,59294],{},"Use empty square brackets when you want a blank list.",[60,59296,59298],{"className":62,"code":59297,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_list = []\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\n",[17,59299,59300,59308,59312,59322],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,59301,59302,59304,59306],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,59303,7940],{"class":75},[69,59305,80],{"class":79},[69,59307,7469],{"class":83},[69,59309,59310],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,59311,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,59313,59314,59316,59318,59320],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,59315,110],{"class":109},[69,59317,113],{"class":83},[69,59319,7971],{"class":121},[69,59321,221],{"class":83},[69,59323,59324,59326,59328,59330,59332,59334],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,59325,110],{"class":109},[69,59327,113],{"class":83},[69,59329,10801],{"class":109},[69,59331,113],{"class":83},[69,59333,7971],{"class":121},[69,59335,342],{"class":83},[14,59337,59338],{},[22,59339,643],{},[60,59341,59343],{"className":62,"code":59342,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[]\n0\n",[17,59344,59345,59349],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,59346,59347],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,59348,37959],{"class":83},[69,59350,59351],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,59352,46918],{"class":87},[14,59354,59355],{},"An empty list is useful when you want to build a list step by step.",[60,59357,59359],{"className":62,"code":59358,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"names = []\n\nnames.append(\"Ana\")\nnames.append(\"Ben\")\nnames.append(\"Cara\")\n\nprint(names)\n",[17,59360,59361,59369,59373,59391,59409,59427,59431],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,59362,59363,59365,59367],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,59364,4822],{"class":75},[69,59366,80],{"class":79},[69,59368,7469],{"class":83},[69,59370,59371],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,59372,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,59374,59375,59377,59379,59381,59383,59385,59387,59389],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,59376,4866],{"class":75},[69,59378,25],{"class":83},[69,59380,13198],{"class":121},[69,59382,113],{"class":83},[69,59384,333],{"class":94},[69,59386,12524],{"class":336},[69,59388,333],{"class":94},[69,59390,221],{"class":83},[69,59392,59393,59395,59397,59399,59401,59403,59405,59407],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,59394,4866],{"class":75},[69,59396,25],{"class":83},[69,59398,13198],{"class":121},[69,59400,113],{"class":83},[69,59402,333],{"class":94},[69,59404,35600],{"class":336},[69,59406,333],{"class":94},[69,59408,221],{"class":83},[69,59410,59411,59413,59415,59417,59419,59421,59423,59425],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,59412,4866],{"class":75},[69,59414,25],{"class":83},[69,59416,13198],{"class":121},[69,59418,113],{"class":83},[69,59420,333],{"class":94},[69,59422,35609],{"class":336},[69,59424,333],{"class":94},[69,59426,221],{"class":83},[69,59428,59429],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,59430,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,59432,59433,59435,59437,59439],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,59434,110],{"class":109},[69,59436,113],{"class":83},[69,59438,4866],{"class":121},[69,59440,221],{"class":83},[14,59442,59443],{},[22,59444,643],{},[60,59446,59448],{"className":62,"code":59447,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n",[17,59449,59450],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,59451,59452,59454,59456,59458,59460,59462,59464,59466,59468,59470,59472,59474,59476],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,59453,3739],{"class":83},[69,59455,488],{"class":94},[69,59457,12524],{"class":336},[69,59459,488],{"class":94},[69,59461,91],{"class":83},[69,59463,3161],{"class":94},[69,59465,35600],{"class":336},[69,59467,488],{"class":94},[69,59469,91],{"class":83},[69,59471,3161],{"class":94},[69,59473,35609],{"class":336},[69,59475,488],{"class":94},[69,59477,103],{"class":83},[14,59479,59480,59481,25],{},"To learn more about adding items, see the ",[192,59482,59483,10379],{"href":56438},[17,59484,52321],{},[141,59486,59488,59489],{"id":59487},"create-a-list-with-list","Create a list with ",[17,59490,24433],{},[14,59492,132,59493,59495],{},[17,59494,24433],{}," to convert another iterable into a list.",[14,59497,229],{},[30,59499,59500,59502,59504,59506],{},[33,59501,44],{},[33,59503,38],{},[33,59505,41],{},[33,59507,59508],{},[17,59509,35858],{},[1369,59511,59513],{"id":59512},"example-convert-a-string","Example: convert a string",[60,59515,59517],{"className":62,"code":59516,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"letters = list(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[17,59518,59519,59537],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,59520,59521,59523,59525,59527,59529,59531,59533,59535],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,59522,35750],{"class":75},[69,59524,80],{"class":79},[69,59526,22211],{"class":1126},[69,59528,113],{"class":83},[69,59530,333],{"class":94},[69,59532,41224],{"class":336},[69,59534,333],{"class":94},[69,59536,221],{"class":83},[69,59538,59539,59541,59543,59545],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,59540,110],{"class":109},[69,59542,113],{"class":83},[69,59544,35803],{"class":121},[69,59546,221],{"class":83},[14,59548,59549],{},[22,59550,643],{},[60,59552,59553],{"className":62,"code":42540,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,59554,59555],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,59556,59557,59559,59561,59563,59565,59567,59569,59571,59573,59575,59577,59579,59581],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,59558,3739],{"class":83},[69,59560,488],{"class":94},[69,59562,192],{"class":336},[69,59564,488],{"class":94},[69,59566,91],{"class":83},[69,59568,3161],{"class":94},[69,59570,4587],{"class":336},[69,59572,488],{"class":94},[69,59574,91],{"class":83},[69,59576,3161],{"class":94},[69,59578,9376],{"class":336},[69,59580,488],{"class":94},[69,59582,103],{"class":83},[1369,59584,59586],{"id":59585},"example-convert-a-tuple","Example: convert a tuple",[60,59588,59590],{"className":62,"code":59589,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,59591,59592,59614],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,59593,59594,59596,59598,59600,59602,59604,59606,59608,59610,59612],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,59595,801],{"class":75},[69,59597,80],{"class":79},[69,59599,22211],{"class":1126},[69,59601,286],{"class":83},[69,59603,473],{"class":87},[69,59605,91],{"class":83},[69,59607,316],{"class":87},[69,59609,91],{"class":83},[69,59611,516],{"class":87},[69,59613,342],{"class":83},[69,59615,59616,59618,59620,59622],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,59617,110],{"class":109},[69,59619,113],{"class":83},[69,59621,3512],{"class":121},[69,59623,221],{"class":83},[14,59625,59626],{},[22,59627,643],{},[60,59629,59630],{"className":62,"code":54819,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,59631,59632],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,59633,59634,59636,59638,59640,59642,59644,59646],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,59635,3739],{"class":83},[69,59637,473],{"class":87},[69,59639,91],{"class":83},[69,59641,316],{"class":87},[69,59643,91],{"class":83},[69,59645,516],{"class":87},[69,59647,103],{"class":83},[1369,59649,59651],{"id":59650},"example-convert-a-range","Example: convert a range",[60,59653,59655],{"className":62,"code":59654,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"values = list(range(5))\nprint(values)\n",[17,59656,59657,59676],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,59658,59659,59661,59663,59665,59667,59670,59672,59674],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,59660,76],{"class":75},[69,59662,80],{"class":79},[69,59664,22211],{"class":1126},[69,59666,113],{"class":83},[69,59668,59669],{"class":109},"range",[69,59671,113],{"class":83},[69,59673,670],{"class":87},[69,59675,342],{"class":83},[69,59677,59678,59680,59682,59684],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,59679,110],{"class":109},[69,59681,113],{"class":83},[69,59683,122],{"class":121},[69,59685,221],{"class":83},[14,59687,59688],{},[22,59689,643],{},[60,59691,59693],{"className":62,"code":59692,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[17,59694,59695],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,59696,59697,59699,59701,59703,59705,59707,59709,59711,59713,59715,59717],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,59698,3739],{"class":83},[69,59700,88],{"class":87},[69,59702,91],{"class":83},[69,59704,272],{"class":87},[69,59706,91],{"class":83},[69,59708,316],{"class":87},[69,59710,91],{"class":83},[69,59712,516],{"class":87},[69,59714,91],{"class":83},[69,59716,2323],{"class":87},[69,59718,103],{"class":83},[14,59720,59721,59723,59724,25],{},[17,59722,24433],{}," is useful when you already have another iterable and want a list version of it. For more detail, see ",[192,59725,59727,59729],{"href":59726},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained\u002F",[17,59728,24433],{},": Function Explained",[141,59731,59733],{"id":59732},"lists-can-store-many-kinds-of-values","Lists can store many kinds of values",[14,59735,59736],{},"A list can store many types of data.",[14,59738,59739],{},"Examples include:",[30,59741,59742,59744,59746,59748,59750],{},[33,59743,44],{},[33,59745,40087],{},[33,59747,51714],{},[33,59749,40257],{},[33,59751,59752],{},"other lists",[60,59754,59756],{"className":62,"code":59755,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = [\"Ana\", 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n\nprint(data)\n",[17,59757,59758,59796,59800],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,59759,59760,59762,59764,59766,59768,59770,59772,59774,59776,59778,59780,59782,59784,59786,59788,59790,59792,59794],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,59761,8801],{"class":75},[69,59763,80],{"class":79},[69,59765,84],{"class":83},[69,59767,333],{"class":94},[69,59769,12524],{"class":336},[69,59771,333],{"class":94},[69,59773,91],{"class":83},[69,59775,8942],{"class":87},[69,59777,91],{"class":83},[69,59779,1461],{"class":289},[69,59781,91],{"class":83},[69,59783,84],{"class":83},[69,59785,473],{"class":87},[69,59787,91],{"class":83},[69,59789,316],{"class":87},[69,59791,91],{"class":83},[69,59793,516],{"class":87},[69,59795,52911],{"class":83},[69,59797,59798],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,59799,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,59801,59802,59804,59806,59808],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,59803,110],{"class":109},[69,59805,113],{"class":83},[69,59807,8840],{"class":121},[69,59809,221],{"class":83},[14,59811,59812],{},[22,59813,643],{},[60,59815,59817],{"className":62,"code":59816,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['Ana', 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[17,59818,59819],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,59820,59821,59823,59825,59827,59829,59831,59833,59835,59837,59839,59841,59843,59845,59847,59849,59851],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,59822,3739],{"class":83},[69,59824,488],{"class":94},[69,59826,12524],{"class":336},[69,59828,488],{"class":94},[69,59830,91],{"class":83},[69,59832,8942],{"class":87},[69,59834,91],{"class":83},[69,59836,1461],{"class":289},[69,59838,91],{"class":83},[69,59840,84],{"class":83},[69,59842,473],{"class":87},[69,59844,91],{"class":83},[69,59846,316],{"class":87},[69,59848,91],{"class":83},[69,59850,516],{"class":87},[69,59852,52911],{"class":83},[14,59854,59855,59856,25],{},"The last item in this example is another list. This is called a ",[22,59857,59858],{},"nested list",[14,59860,59861],{},"Python allows mixed types in one list, but beginners should usually keep list data consistent when possible. That makes code easier to read and work with.",[141,59863,1362],{"id":1361},[14,59865,59866],{},"Here are some common problems when creating lists.",[1369,59868,59870],{"id":59869},"forgetting-commas-between-items","Forgetting commas between items",[14,59872,59873],{},"This causes a syntax error.",[60,59875,59877],{"className":62,"code":59876,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"# Wrong\nnumbers = [1 2 3]\n",[17,59878,59879,59883],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,59880,59881],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,59882,4362],{"class":128},[69,59884,59885,59887,59889,59891,59893,59895,59897],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,59886,801],{"class":75},[69,59888,80],{"class":79},[69,59890,84],{"class":83},[69,59892,473],{"class":87},[69,59894,316],{"class":87},[69,59896,516],{"class":87},[69,59898,103],{"class":83},[14,59900,10446],{},[60,59902,59904],{"className":62,"code":59903,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n",[17,59905,59906],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,59907,59908,59910,59912,59914,59916,59918,59920,59922,59924],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,59909,801],{"class":75},[69,59911,80],{"class":79},[69,59913,84],{"class":83},[69,59915,473],{"class":87},[69,59917,91],{"class":83},[69,59919,316],{"class":87},[69,59921,91],{"class":83},[69,59923,516],{"class":87},[69,59925,103],{"class":83},[1369,59927,8050,59929,10731,59931],{"id":59928},"using-instead-of",[17,59930,6994],{},[17,59932,434],{},[14,59934,59935],{},"Parentheses usually create a tuple, not a list.",[60,59937,59939],{"className":62,"code":59938,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_values = (1, 2, 3)\n\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[17,59940,59941,59962,59966],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,59942,59943,59946,59948,59950,59952,59954,59956,59958,59960],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,59944,59945],{"class":75},"my_values ",[69,59947,80],{"class":79},[69,59949,8872],{"class":83},[69,59951,473],{"class":87},[69,59953,91],{"class":83},[69,59955,316],{"class":87},[69,59957,91],{"class":83},[69,59959,516],{"class":87},[69,59961,221],{"class":83},[69,59963,59964],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,59965,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,59967,59968,59970,59972,59974,59976,59979],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,59969,110],{"class":109},[69,59971,113],{"class":83},[69,59973,3087],{"class":1126},[69,59975,113],{"class":83},[69,59977,59978],{"class":121},"my_values",[69,59980,342],{"class":83},[14,59982,59983],{},[22,59984,643],{},[60,59986,59988],{"className":62,"code":59987,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[17,59989,59990],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,59991,59992,59994,59996,59998,60000,60002],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,59993,852],{"class":79},[69,59995,3158],{"class":1932},[69,59997,3161],{"class":94},[69,59999,48620],{"class":336},[69,60001,488],{"class":94},[69,60003,3168],{"class":79},[14,60005,60006],{},"If you want a list, use square brackets:",[60,60008,60010],{"className":62,"code":60009,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[17,60011,60012,60032],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,60013,60014,60016,60018,60020,60022,60024,60026,60028,60030],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,60015,59945],{"class":75},[69,60017,80],{"class":79},[69,60019,84],{"class":83},[69,60021,473],{"class":87},[69,60023,91],{"class":83},[69,60025,316],{"class":87},[69,60027,91],{"class":83},[69,60029,516],{"class":87},[69,60031,103],{"class":83},[69,60033,60034,60036,60038,60040,60042,60044],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,60035,110],{"class":109},[69,60037,113],{"class":83},[69,60039,3087],{"class":1126},[69,60041,113],{"class":83},[69,60043,59978],{"class":121},[69,60045,342],{"class":83},[1369,60047,8086,60049,60052],{"id":60048},"expecting-listhello-world-to-create-a-list-of-words",[17,60050,60051],{},"list(\"hello world\")"," to create a list of words",[14,60054,60055,60057],{},[17,60056,24433],{}," splits a string into individual characters, not words.",[60,60059,60061],{"className":62,"code":60060,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"result = list(\"hello world\")\nprint(result)\n",[17,60062,60063,60082],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,60064,60065,60067,60069,60071,60073,60075,60078,60080],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,60066,839],{"class":75},[69,60068,80],{"class":79},[69,60070,22211],{"class":1126},[69,60072,113],{"class":83},[69,60074,333],{"class":94},[69,60076,60077],{"class":336},"hello world",[69,60079,333],{"class":94},[69,60081,221],{"class":83},[69,60083,60084,60086,60088,60090],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,60085,110],{"class":109},[69,60087,113],{"class":83},[69,60089,876],{"class":121},[69,60091,221],{"class":83},[14,60093,60094],{},[22,60095,643],{},[60,60097,60099],{"className":62,"code":60098,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[17,60100,60101],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,60102,60103,60105,60107,60110,60112,60114,60116,60119,60121,60123,60125,60128,60130,60132,60134,60136,60138,60140,60142,60145,60147,60149,60151,60153,60155,60157,60160,60162,60164,60166,60168,60170,60172,60174,60177,60179,60181,60183,60185,60187,60189,60191,60193,60195],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,60104,3739],{"class":83},[69,60106,488],{"class":94},[69,60108,60109],{"class":336},"h",[69,60111,488],{"class":94},[69,60113,91],{"class":83},[69,60115,3161],{"class":94},[69,60117,60118],{"class":336},"e",[69,60120,488],{"class":94},[69,60122,91],{"class":83},[69,60124,3161],{"class":94},[69,60126,60127],{"class":336},"l",[69,60129,488],{"class":94},[69,60131,91],{"class":83},[69,60133,3161],{"class":94},[69,60135,60127],{"class":336},[69,60137,488],{"class":94},[69,60139,91],{"class":83},[69,60141,3161],{"class":94},[69,60143,60144],{"class":336},"o",[69,60146,488],{"class":94},[69,60148,91],{"class":83},[69,60150,3161],{"class":94},[69,60152,3161],{"class":94},[69,60154,91],{"class":83},[69,60156,3161],{"class":94},[69,60158,60159],{"class":336},"w",[69,60161,488],{"class":94},[69,60163,91],{"class":83},[69,60165,3161],{"class":94},[69,60167,60144],{"class":336},[69,60169,488],{"class":94},[69,60171,91],{"class":83},[69,60173,3161],{"class":94},[69,60175,60176],{"class":336},"r",[69,60178,488],{"class":94},[69,60180,91],{"class":83},[69,60182,3161],{"class":94},[69,60184,60127],{"class":336},[69,60186,488],{"class":94},[69,60188,91],{"class":83},[69,60190,3161],{"class":94},[69,60192,18417],{"class":336},[69,60194,488],{"class":94},[69,60196,103],{"class":83},[14,60198,60199,60200,60203],{},"If you want words, use ",[17,60201,60202],{},"split()"," instead:",[60,60205,60207],{"className":62,"code":60206,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = \"hello world\".split()\nprint(words)\n",[17,60208,60209,60227],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,60210,60211,60213,60215,60217,60219,60221,60223,60225],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,60212,943],{"class":75},[69,60214,80],{"class":79},[69,60216,964],{"class":94},[69,60218,60077],{"class":336},[69,60220,333],{"class":94},[69,60222,25],{"class":83},[69,60224,34126],{"class":121},[69,60226,8277],{"class":83},[69,60228,60229,60231,60233,60235],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,60230,110],{"class":109},[69,60232,113],{"class":83},[69,60234,3947],{"class":121},[69,60236,221],{"class":83},[14,60238,60239],{},[22,60240,643],{},[60,60242,60244],{"className":62,"code":60243,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['hello', 'world']\n",[17,60245,60246],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,60247,60248,60250,60252,60254,60256,60258,60260,60263,60265],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,60249,3739],{"class":83},[69,60251,488],{"class":94},[69,60253,337],{"class":336},[69,60255,488],{"class":94},[69,60257,91],{"class":83},[69,60259,3161],{"class":94},[69,60261,60262],{"class":336},"world",[69,60264,488],{"class":94},[69,60266,103],{"class":83},[1369,60268,60270],{"id":60269},"adding-mismatched-brackets-or-quotes","Adding mismatched brackets or quotes",[14,60272,60273],{},"This causes syntax errors.",[60,60275,60277],{"className":62,"code":60276,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"# Wrong\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben', \"Cara\"]\n",[17,60278,60279,60283],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,60280,60281],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,60282,4362],{"class":128},[69,60284,60285,60287,60289,60291,60293,60295,60297,60299,60301,60304,60306,60308,60310],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,60286,4822],{"class":75},[69,60288,80],{"class":79},[69,60290,84],{"class":83},[69,60292,333],{"class":94},[69,60294,12524],{"class":336},[69,60296,333],{"class":94},[69,60298,91],{"class":83},[69,60300,964],{"class":94},[69,60302,60303],{"class":336},"Ben', ",[69,60305,333],{"class":94},[69,60307,35609],{"class":75},[69,60309,333],{"class":94},[69,60311,103],{"class":336},[14,60313,60314],{},"Make sure your quotes and brackets match correctly:",[60,60316,60318],{"className":62,"code":60317,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n",[17,60319,60320],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,60321,60322,60324,60326,60328,60330,60332,60334,60336,60338,60340,60342,60344,60346,60348,60350],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,60323,4822],{"class":75},[69,60325,80],{"class":79},[69,60327,84],{"class":83},[69,60329,333],{"class":94},[69,60331,12524],{"class":336},[69,60333,333],{"class":94},[69,60335,91],{"class":83},[69,60337,964],{"class":94},[69,60339,35600],{"class":336},[69,60341,333],{"class":94},[69,60343,91],{"class":83},[69,60345,964],{"class":94},[69,60347,35609],{"class":336},[69,60349,333],{"class":94},[69,60351,103],{"class":83},[1369,60353,60355],{"id":60354},"common-causes-to-check","Common causes to check",[14,60357,60358],{},"If your list code is not working, check for these issues:",[30,60360,60361,60364,60367,60372],{},[33,60362,60363],{},"Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[33,60365,60366],{},"Leaving out commas between list items",[33,60368,60369,60370],{},"Passing a non-iterable value to ",[17,60371,24433],{},[33,60373,8086,60374,60377],{},[17,60375,60376],{},"list(\"abc\")"," to return one string item instead of separate characters",[1369,60379,60381],{"id":60380},"useful-debugging-checks","Useful debugging checks",[60,60383,60385],{"className":62,"code":60384,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(list(range(5)))\n",[17,60386,60387,60397,60411,60425],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,60388,60389,60391,60393,60395],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,60390,110],{"class":109},[69,60392,113],{"class":83},[69,60394,7971],{"class":121},[69,60396,221],{"class":83},[69,60398,60399,60401,60403,60405,60407,60409],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,60400,110],{"class":109},[69,60402,113],{"class":83},[69,60404,3087],{"class":1126},[69,60406,113],{"class":83},[69,60408,7971],{"class":121},[69,60410,342],{"class":83},[69,60412,60413,60415,60417,60419,60421,60423],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,60414,110],{"class":109},[69,60416,113],{"class":83},[69,60418,10801],{"class":109},[69,60420,113],{"class":83},[69,60422,7971],{"class":121},[69,60424,342],{"class":83},[69,60426,60427,60429,60431,60433,60435,60437,60439,60441],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,60428,110],{"class":109},[69,60430,113],{"class":83},[69,60432,7725],{"class":1126},[69,60434,113],{"class":83},[69,60436,59669],{"class":109},[69,60438,113],{"class":83},[69,60440,670],{"class":87},[69,60442,297],{"class":83},[14,60444,25661],{},[30,60446,60447,60450,60453,60456],{},[33,60448,60449],{},"what the list contains",[33,60451,60452],{},"whether the value is really a list",[33,60454,60455],{},"how many items it has",[33,60457,25672,60458,60460,60461],{},[17,60459,24433],{}," does with ",[17,60462,35858],{},[141,60464,60466],{"id":60465},"when-to-use-this-page-vs-related-pages","When to use this page vs related pages",[14,60468,60469],{},"Use this page when you want to learn how to create a list.",[14,60471,60472],{},"Use related pages for the next step:",[30,60474,60475,60490,60495],{},[33,60476,132,60477,2057,60481,16720,60485,60489],{},[192,60478,60479],{"href":56438},[17,60480,52321],{},[192,60482,60483],{"href":53013},[17,60484,53115],{},[192,60486,60487],{"href":53577},[17,60488,53937],{}," to add items later",[33,60491,132,60492,60494],{},[192,60493,59066],{"href":50647}," for a broader introduction",[33,60496,132,60497,60501],{},[192,60498,60499,59729],{"href":59726},[17,60500,24433],{}," for more detail about converting values into lists",[141,60503,1651],{"id":1650},[1369,60505,60507],{"id":60506},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-list-in-python","How do I create an empty list in Python?",[14,60509,60510],{},"Use empty square brackets:",[60,60512,60513],{"className":62,"code":37959,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,60514,60515],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,60516,60517],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,60518,37959],{"class":83},[1369,60520,60522],{"id":60521},"what-is-the-most-common-way-to-create-a-list","What is the most common way to create a list?",[14,60524,60525],{},"Use square brackets with comma-separated items, such as:",[60,60527,60528],{"className":62,"code":54819,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,60529,60530],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,60531,60532,60534,60536,60538,60540,60542,60544],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,60533,3739],{"class":83},[69,60535,473],{"class":87},[69,60537,91],{"class":83},[69,60539,316],{"class":87},[69,60541,91],{"class":83},[69,60543,516],{"class":87},[69,60545,103],{"class":83},[1369,60547,4969,60549,60551],{"id":60548},"what-does-list-do-in-python",[17,60550,24433],{}," do in Python?",[14,60553,60554,60555,60557],{},"It converts another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[17,60556,35858],{},", into a list.",[1369,60559,60561],{"id":60560},"can-a-python-list-store-different-data-types","Can a Python list store different data types?",[14,60563,60564],{},"Yes. A list can store mixed types like strings, numbers, and booleans.",[1369,60566,5006,60568,587,60570,2359],{"id":60567},"what-is-the-difference-between-and",[17,60569,434],{},[17,60571,6994],{},[14,60573,60574,60576,60577,60579],{},[17,60575,434],{}," creates a list. ",[17,60578,6994],{}," usually creates a tuple.",[141,60581,1771],{"id":1770},[30,60583,60584,60588,60594,60600,60606,60612,60616],{},[33,60585,60586],{},[192,60587,59066],{"href":50647},[33,60589,60590],{},[192,60591,55189,60592,10962],{"href":56438},[17,60593,52321],{},[33,60595,60596],{},[192,60597,55189,60598,10962],{"href":53013},[17,60599,53115],{},[33,60601,60602],{},[192,60603,55189,60604,10962],{"href":53577},[17,60605,53937],{},[33,60607,60608],{},[192,60609,3441,60610,3444],{"href":59726},[17,60611,24433],{},[33,60613,60614],{},[192,60615,59069],{"href":58164},[33,60617,60618],{},[192,60619,60620],{"href":11707},"Mutability in Python Explained",[14,60622,60623,60624,60626],{},"Next step: learn how to add, access, and change list items using ",[17,60625,52321],{},", indexing, and slicing.",[1802,60628,60629],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":60631},[60632,60633,60634,60635,60638,60639,60645,60646,60656,60657,60666],{"id":3472,"depth":106,"text":3473},{"id":14808,"depth":106,"text":14809},{"id":58961,"depth":106,"text":58962},{"id":59072,"depth":106,"text":59073,"children":60636},[60637],{"id":59274,"depth":300,"text":59275},{"id":59290,"depth":106,"text":59291},{"id":59487,"depth":106,"text":60640,"children":60641},"Create a list with list()",[60642,60643,60644],{"id":59512,"depth":300,"text":59513},{"id":59585,"depth":300,"text":59586},{"id":59650,"depth":300,"text":59651},{"id":59732,"depth":106,"text":59733},{"id":1361,"depth":106,"text":1362,"children":60647},[60648,60649,60651,60653,60654,60655],{"id":59869,"depth":300,"text":59870},{"id":59928,"depth":300,"text":60650},"Using () instead of []",{"id":60048,"depth":300,"text":60652},"Expecting list(\"hello world\") to create a list of words",{"id":60269,"depth":300,"text":60270},{"id":60354,"depth":300,"text":60355},{"id":60380,"depth":300,"text":60381},{"id":60465,"depth":106,"text":60466},{"id":1650,"depth":106,"text":1651,"children":60658},[60659,60660,60661,60663,60664],{"id":60506,"depth":300,"text":60507},{"id":60521,"depth":300,"text":60522},{"id":60548,"depth":300,"text":60662},"What does list() do in Python?",{"id":60560,"depth":300,"text":60561},{"id":60567,"depth":300,"text":60665},"What is the difference between [] and ()?",{"id":1770,"depth":106,"text":1771},"Master python list creating a list in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list",{"title":58703,"description":60667},"reference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list","qsr8XW8AjVDmPmBKxRn9AxuodoiKbvD3OgKNyhirhog",{"id":60674,"title":60675,"body":60676,"description":62417,"extension":1828,"meta":62418,"navigation":833,"path":62419,"seo":62420,"stem":62421,"__hash__":62422},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method.md","Python List extend() Method",{"type":7,"value":60677,"toc":62372},[60678,60683,60688,60691,60693,60764,60769,60774,60778,60792,60797,60799,60819,60824,60827,60850,60854,60859,60951,60953,60975,60981,60987,60994,61001,61007,61064,61070,61128,61130,61142,61150,61156,61161,61165,61222,61225,61229,61288,61291,61295,61353,61365,61369,61422,61425,61429,61435,61441,61503,61506,61567,61570,61626,61631,61633,61637,61644,61705,61710,61719,61775,61782,61786,61844,61853,61911,61915,61950,61954,61964,61967,62022,62036,62039,62154,62159,62163,62174,62176,62255,62265,62267,62272,62277,62284,62292,62298,62301,62307,62310,62316,62322,62324,62360,62369],[10,60679,54011,60681,10962],{"id":60680},"python-list-extend-method",[17,60682,53115],{},[14,60684,60685,60687],{},[17,60686,53016],{}," adds items from another iterable to the end of a list.",[14,60689,60690],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it updates the same list instead of creating a new one. This method is useful when you want to add multiple values at once.",[141,60692,1870],{"id":1869},[60,60694,60696],{"className":62,"code":60695,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2]\nmore_numbers = [3, 4]\n\nnumbers.extend(more_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[17,60697,60698,60714,60731,60735,60750,60760],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,60699,60700,60702,60704,60706,60708,60710,60712],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,60701,801],{"class":75},[69,60703,80],{"class":79},[69,60705,84],{"class":83},[69,60707,473],{"class":87},[69,60709,91],{"class":83},[69,60711,316],{"class":87},[69,60713,103],{"class":83},[69,60715,60716,60719,60721,60723,60725,60727,60729],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,60717,60718],{"class":75},"more_numbers ",[69,60720,80],{"class":79},[69,60722,84],{"class":83},[69,60724,1929],{"class":87},[69,60726,91],{"class":83},[69,60728,2323],{"class":87},[69,60730,103],{"class":83},[69,60732,60733],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,60734,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,60736,60737,60739,60741,60743,60745,60748],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,60738,3512],{"class":75},[69,60740,25],{"class":83},[69,60742,53145],{"class":121},[69,60744,113],{"class":83},[69,60746,60747],{"class":121},"more_numbers",[69,60749,221],{"class":83},[69,60751,60752,60754,60756,60758],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,60753,110],{"class":109},[69,60755,113],{"class":83},[69,60757,3512],{"class":121},[69,60759,221],{"class":83},[69,60761,60762],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,60763,52392],{"class":128},[14,60765,132,60766,60768],{},[17,60767,53115],{}," when you want to add each item from another iterable into the same list.",[141,60770,3540,60772,3543],{"id":60771},"what-listextend-does",[17,60773,53016],{},[14,60775,60776,1044],{},[17,60777,53115],{},[30,60779,60780,60783,60785,60788],{},[33,60781,60782],{},"Adds items from another iterable to the end of a list",[33,60784,54097],{},[33,60786,60787],{},"Does not create a new list",[33,60789,11064,60790],{},[17,60791,449],{},[14,60793,60794,60795,53470],{},"This is an important point: ",[17,60796,53115],{},[141,60798,2024],{"id":2023},[60,60800,60802],{"className":62,"code":60801,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"list_name.extend(iterable)\n",[17,60803,60804],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,60805,60806,60809,60811,60813,60815,60817],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,60807,60808],{"class":75},"list_name",[69,60810,25],{"class":83},[69,60812,53145],{"class":121},[69,60814,113],{"class":83},[69,60816,218],{"class":121},[69,60818,221],{"class":83},[14,60820,224,60821,60823],{},[22,60822,218],{},". An iterable is something Python can loop through one item at a time.",[14,60825,60826],{},"Common iterables include:",[30,60828,60829,60833,60837,60841,60846],{},[33,60830,60831],{},[17,60832,7725],{},[33,60834,60835],{},[17,60836,48620],{},[33,60838,60839],{},[17,60840,1127],{},[33,60842,60843],{},[17,60844,60845],{},"string",[33,60847,60848],{},[17,60849,59669],{},[141,60851,60853],{"id":60852},"simple-example-with-another-list","Simple example with another list",[14,60855,60856,60857,1044],{},"Here is the most common use of ",[17,60858,53115],{},[60,60860,60862],{"className":62,"code":60861,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nmore_fruits = [\"orange\", \"grape\"]\n\nfruits.extend(more_fruits)\n\nprint(fruits)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[17,60863,60864,60888,60913,60917,60932,60936,60946],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,60865,60866,60868,60870,60872,60874,60876,60878,60880,60882,60884,60886],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,60867,35899],{"class":75},[69,60869,80],{"class":79},[69,60871,84],{"class":83},[69,60873,333],{"class":94},[69,60875,952],{"class":336},[69,60877,333],{"class":94},[69,60879,91],{"class":83},[69,60881,964],{"class":94},[69,60883,967],{"class":336},[69,60885,333],{"class":94},[69,60887,103],{"class":83},[69,60889,60890,60893,60895,60897,60899,60901,60903,60905,60907,60909,60911],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,60891,60892],{"class":75},"more_fruits ",[69,60894,80],{"class":79},[69,60896,84],{"class":83},[69,60898,333],{"class":94},[69,60900,32877],{"class":336},[69,60902,333],{"class":94},[69,60904,91],{"class":83},[69,60906,964],{"class":94},[69,60908,22184],{"class":336},[69,60910,333],{"class":94},[69,60912,103],{"class":83},[69,60914,60915],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,60916,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,60918,60919,60921,60923,60925,60927,60930],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,60920,35951],{"class":75},[69,60922,25],{"class":83},[69,60924,53145],{"class":121},[69,60926,113],{"class":83},[69,60928,60929],{"class":121},"more_fruits",[69,60931,221],{"class":83},[69,60933,60934],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,60935,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,60937,60938,60940,60942,60944],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,60939,110],{"class":109},[69,60941,113],{"class":83},[69,60943,35951],{"class":121},[69,60945,221],{"class":83},[69,60947,60948],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,60949,60950],{"class":128},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[14,60952,11325],{},[30,60954,60955,60960,60965],{},[33,60956,60957,60959],{},[17,60958,35951],{}," starts with two items",[33,60961,60962,60964],{},[17,60963,60929],{}," has two more items",[33,60966,60967,60969,60970,60972,60973],{},[17,60968,53115],{}," adds each item from ",[17,60971,60929],{}," to ",[17,60974,35951],{},[14,60976,60977,60978,60980],{},"After the method runs, ",[17,60979,35951],{}," contains all four items.",[14,60982,54236,60983,587,60985,25],{},[192,60984,52440],{"href":50647},[192,60986,56824],{"href":56823},[141,60988,60990,10223,60992],{"id":60989},"extend-vs-append",[17,60991,53115],{},[17,60993,52321],{},[14,60995,60996,587,60998,61000],{},[17,60997,53115],{},[17,60999,52321],{}," are often confused.",[1369,61002,61004,61006],{"id":61003},"extend-adds-each-item-from-the-iterable",[17,61005,53115],{}," adds each item from the iterable",[60,61008,61010],{"className":62,"code":61009,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[17,61011,61012,61028,61046,61050,61060],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,61013,61014,61016,61018,61020,61022,61024,61026],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,61015,801],{"class":75},[69,61017,80],{"class":79},[69,61019,84],{"class":83},[69,61021,473],{"class":87},[69,61023,91],{"class":83},[69,61025,316],{"class":87},[69,61027,103],{"class":83},[69,61029,61030,61032,61034,61036,61038,61040,61042,61044],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,61031,3512],{"class":75},[69,61033,25],{"class":83},[69,61035,53145],{"class":121},[69,61037,260],{"class":83},[69,61039,1929],{"class":87},[69,61041,91],{"class":83},[69,61043,2323],{"class":87},[69,61045,3727],{"class":83},[69,61047,61048],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,61049,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,61051,61052,61054,61056,61058],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,61053,110],{"class":109},[69,61055,113],{"class":83},[69,61057,3512],{"class":121},[69,61059,221],{"class":83},[69,61061,61062],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,61063,52392],{"class":128},[1369,61065,61067,61069],{"id":61066},"append-adds-the-whole-object-as-one-item",[17,61068,52321],{}," adds the whole object as one item",[60,61071,61073],{"className":62,"code":61072,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[17,61074,61075,61091,61109,61113,61123],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,61076,61077,61079,61081,61083,61085,61087,61089],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,61078,801],{"class":75},[69,61080,80],{"class":79},[69,61082,84],{"class":83},[69,61084,473],{"class":87},[69,61086,91],{"class":83},[69,61088,316],{"class":87},[69,61090,103],{"class":83},[69,61092,61093,61095,61097,61099,61101,61103,61105,61107],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,61094,3512],{"class":75},[69,61096,25],{"class":83},[69,61098,13198],{"class":121},[69,61100,260],{"class":83},[69,61102,1929],{"class":87},[69,61104,91],{"class":83},[69,61106,2323],{"class":87},[69,61108,3727],{"class":83},[69,61110,61111],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,61112,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,61114,61115,61117,61119,61121],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,61116,110],{"class":109},[69,61118,113],{"class":83},[69,61120,3512],{"class":121},[69,61122,221],{"class":83},[69,61124,61125],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,61126,61127],{"class":128},"# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[14,61129,18344],{},[30,61131,61132,61137],{},[33,61133,61134,61136],{},[17,61135,53115],{}," to combine values",[33,61138,61139,61141],{},[17,61140,52321],{}," to add one item",[14,61143,41757,61144,587,61148,25],{},[192,61145,55189,61146,10379],{"href":56438},[17,61147,52321],{},[192,61149,52718],{"href":52717},[141,61151,8050,61153,61155],{"id":61152},"using-extend-with-different-iterables",[17,61154,53115],{}," with different iterables",[14,61157,61158,61160],{},[17,61159,53115],{}," works with more than just lists.",[1369,61162,61164],{"id":61163},"extend-with-a-tuple","Extend with a tuple",[60,61166,61168],{"className":62,"code":61167,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"values = [1, 2]\nvalues.extend((3, 4))\n\nprint(values)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[17,61169,61170,61186,61204,61208,61218],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,61171,61172,61174,61176,61178,61180,61182,61184],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,61173,76],{"class":75},[69,61175,80],{"class":79},[69,61177,84],{"class":83},[69,61179,473],{"class":87},[69,61181,91],{"class":83},[69,61183,316],{"class":87},[69,61185,103],{"class":83},[69,61187,61188,61190,61192,61194,61196,61198,61200,61202],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,61189,122],{"class":75},[69,61191,25],{"class":83},[69,61193,53145],{"class":121},[69,61195,286],{"class":83},[69,61197,1929],{"class":87},[69,61199,91],{"class":83},[69,61201,2323],{"class":87},[69,61203,342],{"class":83},[69,61205,61206],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,61207,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,61209,61210,61212,61214,61216],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,61211,110],{"class":109},[69,61213,113],{"class":83},[69,61215,122],{"class":121},[69,61217,221],{"class":83},[69,61219,61220],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,61221,52392],{"class":128},[14,61223,61224],{},"Each tuple item is added to the list.",[1369,61226,61228],{"id":61227},"extend-with-a-string","Extend with a string",[60,61230,61232],{"className":62,"code":61231,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"letters = [\"a\"]\nletters.extend(\"bc\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[17,61233,61234,61250,61269,61273,61283],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,61235,61236,61238,61240,61242,61244,61246,61248],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,61237,35750],{"class":75},[69,61239,80],{"class":79},[69,61241,84],{"class":83},[69,61243,333],{"class":94},[69,61245,192],{"class":336},[69,61247,333],{"class":94},[69,61249,103],{"class":83},[69,61251,61252,61254,61256,61258,61260,61262,61265,61267],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,61253,35803],{"class":75},[69,61255,25],{"class":83},[69,61257,53145],{"class":121},[69,61259,113],{"class":83},[69,61261,333],{"class":94},[69,61263,61264],{"class":336},"bc",[69,61266,333],{"class":94},[69,61268,221],{"class":83},[69,61270,61271],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,61272,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,61274,61275,61277,61279,61281],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,61276,110],{"class":109},[69,61278,113],{"class":83},[69,61280,35803],{"class":121},[69,61282,221],{"class":83},[69,61284,61285],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,61286,61287],{"class":128},"# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[14,61289,61290],{},"A string is iterable, so each character is added separately.",[1369,61292,61294],{"id":61293},"extend-with-a-range","Extend with a range",[60,61296,61298],{"className":62,"code":61297,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [0]\nnumbers.extend(range(1, 4))\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[17,61299,61300,61312,61334,61338,61348],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,61301,61302,61304,61306,61308,61310],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,61303,801],{"class":75},[69,61305,80],{"class":79},[69,61307,84],{"class":83},[69,61309,88],{"class":87},[69,61311,103],{"class":83},[69,61313,61314,61316,61318,61320,61322,61324,61326,61328,61330,61332],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,61315,3512],{"class":75},[69,61317,25],{"class":83},[69,61319,53145],{"class":121},[69,61321,113],{"class":83},[69,61323,59669],{"class":109},[69,61325,113],{"class":83},[69,61327,473],{"class":87},[69,61329,91],{"class":83},[69,61331,2323],{"class":87},[69,61333,342],{"class":83},[69,61335,61336],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,61337,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,61339,61340,61342,61344,61346],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,61341,110],{"class":109},[69,61343,113],{"class":83},[69,61345,3512],{"class":121},[69,61347,221],{"class":83},[69,61349,61350],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,61351,61352],{"class":128},"# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[14,61354,61355,61358,61359,2057,61361,16720,61363,25],{},[17,61356,61357],{},"range(1, 4)"," produces ",[17,61360,473],{},[17,61362,821],{},[17,61364,1929],{},[1369,61366,61368],{"id":61367},"extend-with-a-set","Extend with a set",[60,61370,61372],{"className":62,"code":61371,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = [1, 2]\nitems.extend({3, 4})\n\nprint(items)\n",[17,61373,61374,61390,61408,61412],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,61375,61376,61378,61380,61382,61384,61386,61388],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,61377,7409],{"class":75},[69,61379,80],{"class":79},[69,61381,84],{"class":83},[69,61383,473],{"class":87},[69,61385,91],{"class":83},[69,61387,316],{"class":87},[69,61389,103],{"class":83},[69,61391,61392,61394,61396,61398,61400,61402,61404,61406],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,61393,7440],{"class":75},[69,61395,25],{"class":83},[69,61397,53145],{"class":121},[69,61399,309],{"class":83},[69,61401,1929],{"class":87},[69,61403,91],{"class":83},[69,61405,2323],{"class":87},[69,61407,30151],{"class":83},[69,61409,61410],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,61411,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,61413,61414,61416,61418,61420],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,61415,110],{"class":109},[69,61417,113],{"class":83},[69,61419,7440],{"class":121},[69,61421,221],{"class":83},[14,61423,61424],{},"A set works too, but the order may not be predictable.",[141,61426,61428],{"id":61427},"important-return-value-rule","Important return value rule",[14,61430,61431,678,61433,25],{},[17,61432,53115],{},[17,61434,449],{},[14,61436,61437,61438,1044],{},"That means this is ",[22,61439,61440],{},"wrong",[60,61442,61444],{"className":62,"code":61443,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2]\nresult = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[17,61445,61446,61462,61484,61488,61498],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,61447,61448,61450,61452,61454,61456,61458,61460],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,61449,801],{"class":75},[69,61451,80],{"class":79},[69,61453,84],{"class":83},[69,61455,473],{"class":87},[69,61457,91],{"class":83},[69,61459,316],{"class":87},[69,61461,103],{"class":83},[69,61463,61464,61466,61468,61470,61472,61474,61476,61478,61480,61482],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,61465,839],{"class":75},[69,61467,80],{"class":79},[69,61469,865],{"class":75},[69,61471,25],{"class":83},[69,61473,53145],{"class":121},[69,61475,260],{"class":83},[69,61477,1929],{"class":87},[69,61479,91],{"class":83},[69,61481,2323],{"class":87},[69,61483,3727],{"class":83},[69,61485,61486],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,61487,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,61489,61490,61492,61494,61496],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,61491,110],{"class":109},[69,61493,113],{"class":83},[69,61495,876],{"class":121},[69,61497,221],{"class":83},[69,61499,61500],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,61501,61502],{"class":128},"# None\n",[14,61504,61505],{},"And this is also a common mistake:",[60,61507,61509],{"className":62,"code":61508,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# None\n",[17,61510,61511,61527,61549,61553,61563],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,61512,61513,61515,61517,61519,61521,61523,61525],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,61514,801],{"class":75},[69,61516,80],{"class":79},[69,61518,84],{"class":83},[69,61520,473],{"class":87},[69,61522,91],{"class":83},[69,61524,316],{"class":87},[69,61526,103],{"class":83},[69,61528,61529,61531,61533,61535,61537,61539,61541,61543,61545,61547],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,61530,801],{"class":75},[69,61532,80],{"class":79},[69,61534,865],{"class":75},[69,61536,25],{"class":83},[69,61538,53145],{"class":121},[69,61540,260],{"class":83},[69,61542,1929],{"class":87},[69,61544,91],{"class":83},[69,61546,2323],{"class":87},[69,61548,3727],{"class":83},[69,61550,61551],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,61552,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,61554,61555,61557,61559,61561],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,61556,110],{"class":109},[69,61558,113],{"class":83},[69,61560,3512],{"class":121},[69,61562,221],{"class":83},[69,61564,61565],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,61566,61502],{"class":128},[14,61568,61569],{},"The correct way is:",[60,61571,61572],{"className":62,"code":61009,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,61573,61574,61590,61608,61612,61622],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,61575,61576,61578,61580,61582,61584,61586,61588],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,61577,801],{"class":75},[69,61579,80],{"class":79},[69,61581,84],{"class":83},[69,61583,473],{"class":87},[69,61585,91],{"class":83},[69,61587,316],{"class":87},[69,61589,103],{"class":83},[69,61591,61592,61594,61596,61598,61600,61602,61604,61606],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,61593,3512],{"class":75},[69,61595,25],{"class":83},[69,61597,53145],{"class":121},[69,61599,260],{"class":83},[69,61601,1929],{"class":87},[69,61603,91],{"class":83},[69,61605,2323],{"class":87},[69,61607,3727],{"class":83},[69,61609,61610],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,61611,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,61613,61614,61616,61618,61620],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,61615,110],{"class":109},[69,61617,113],{"class":83},[69,61619,3512],{"class":121},[69,61621,221],{"class":83},[69,61623,61624],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,61625,52392],{"class":128},[14,61627,55578,61628,61630],{},[17,61629,53115],{}," first, then use the original list.",[141,61632,1362],{"id":1361},[14,61634,14379,61635,25],{},[17,61636,53115],{},[1369,61638,61640,61641,61643],{"id":61639},"_1-expecting-extend-to-return-a-new-list","1. Expecting ",[17,61642,53115],{}," to return a new list",[60,61645,61647],{"className":62,"code":61646,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnew_numbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n# None\n",[17,61648,61649,61665,61687,61691,61701],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,61650,61651,61653,61655,61657,61659,61661,61663],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,61652,801],{"class":75},[69,61654,80],{"class":79},[69,61656,84],{"class":83},[69,61658,473],{"class":87},[69,61660,91],{"class":83},[69,61662,316],{"class":87},[69,61664,103],{"class":83},[69,61666,61667,61669,61671,61673,61675,61677,61679,61681,61683,61685],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,61668,55311],{"class":75},[69,61670,80],{"class":79},[69,61672,865],{"class":75},[69,61674,25],{"class":83},[69,61676,53145],{"class":121},[69,61678,260],{"class":83},[69,61680,1929],{"class":87},[69,61682,91],{"class":83},[69,61684,2323],{"class":87},[69,61686,3727],{"class":83},[69,61688,61689],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,61690,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,61692,61693,61695,61697,61699],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,61694,110],{"class":109},[69,61696,113],{"class":83},[69,61698,55330],{"class":121},[69,61700,221],{"class":83},[69,61702,61703],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,61704,61502],{"class":128},[14,61706,61707,61708,25],{},"Fix: use the original list after calling ",[17,61709,53115],{},[1369,61711,61713,61714,44295,61716,61718],{"id":61712},"_2-using-append-when-extend-is-needed","2. Using ",[17,61715,52321],{},[17,61717,53115],{}," is needed",[60,61720,61721],{"className":62,"code":61072,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,61722,61723,61739,61757,61761,61771],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,61724,61725,61727,61729,61731,61733,61735,61737],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,61726,801],{"class":75},[69,61728,80],{"class":79},[69,61730,84],{"class":83},[69,61732,473],{"class":87},[69,61734,91],{"class":83},[69,61736,316],{"class":87},[69,61738,103],{"class":83},[69,61740,61741,61743,61745,61747,61749,61751,61753,61755],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,61742,3512],{"class":75},[69,61744,25],{"class":83},[69,61746,13198],{"class":121},[69,61748,260],{"class":83},[69,61750,1929],{"class":87},[69,61752,91],{"class":83},[69,61754,2323],{"class":87},[69,61756,3727],{"class":83},[69,61758,61759],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,61760,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,61762,61763,61765,61767,61769],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,61764,110],{"class":109},[69,61766,113],{"class":83},[69,61768,3512],{"class":121},[69,61770,221],{"class":83},[69,61772,61773],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,61774,61127],{"class":128},[14,61776,61777,61778,53560,61780,1481],{},"If you wanted ",[17,61779,53559],{},[17,61781,53115],{},[1369,61783,61785],{"id":61784},"_3-passing-a-string-and-being-surprised-by-separate-characters","3. Passing a string and being surprised by separate characters",[60,61787,61789],{"className":62,"code":61788,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.extend(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[17,61790,61791,61807,61825,61829,61839],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,61792,61793,61795,61797,61799,61801,61803,61805],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,61794,943],{"class":75},[69,61796,80],{"class":79},[69,61798,84],{"class":83},[69,61800,333],{"class":94},[69,61802,337],{"class":336},[69,61804,333],{"class":94},[69,61806,103],{"class":83},[69,61808,61809,61811,61813,61815,61817,61819,61821,61823],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,61810,3947],{"class":75},[69,61812,25],{"class":83},[69,61814,53145],{"class":121},[69,61816,113],{"class":83},[69,61818,333],{"class":94},[69,61820,60262],{"class":336},[69,61822,333],{"class":94},[69,61824,221],{"class":83},[69,61826,61827],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,61828,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,61830,61831,61833,61835,61837],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,61832,110],{"class":109},[69,61834,113],{"class":83},[69,61836,3947],{"class":121},[69,61838,221],{"class":83},[69,61840,61841],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,61842,61843],{"class":128},"# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[14,61845,61846,61847,61850,61851,1044],{},"If you want ",[17,61848,61849],{},"\"world\""," as one item, use ",[17,61852,52321],{},[60,61854,61856],{"className":62,"code":61855,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.append(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'world']\n",[17,61857,61858,61874,61892,61896,61906],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,61859,61860,61862,61864,61866,61868,61870,61872],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,61861,943],{"class":75},[69,61863,80],{"class":79},[69,61865,84],{"class":83},[69,61867,333],{"class":94},[69,61869,337],{"class":336},[69,61871,333],{"class":94},[69,61873,103],{"class":83},[69,61875,61876,61878,61880,61882,61884,61886,61888,61890],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,61877,3947],{"class":75},[69,61879,25],{"class":83},[69,61881,13198],{"class":121},[69,61883,113],{"class":83},[69,61885,333],{"class":94},[69,61887,60262],{"class":336},[69,61889,333],{"class":94},[69,61891,221],{"class":83},[69,61893,61894],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,61895,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,61897,61898,61900,61902,61904],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,61899,110],{"class":109},[69,61901,113],{"class":83},[69,61903,3947],{"class":121},[69,61905,221],{"class":83},[69,61907,61908],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,61909,61910],{"class":128},"# ['hello', 'world']\n",[1369,61912,61914],{"id":61913},"_4-trying-to-extend-with-a-non-iterable-like-an-integer","4. Trying to extend with a non-iterable like an integer",[60,61916,61918],{"className":62,"code":61917,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend(5)\n",[17,61919,61920,61936],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,61921,61922,61924,61926,61928,61930,61932,61934],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,61923,801],{"class":75},[69,61925,80],{"class":79},[69,61927,84],{"class":83},[69,61929,473],{"class":87},[69,61931,91],{"class":83},[69,61933,316],{"class":87},[69,61935,103],{"class":83},[69,61937,61938,61940,61942,61944,61946,61948],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,61939,3512],{"class":75},[69,61941,25],{"class":83},[69,61943,53145],{"class":121},[69,61945,113],{"class":83},[69,61947,670],{"class":87},[69,61949,221],{"class":83},[14,61951,39316,61952,1400],{},[17,61953,670],{},[14,61955,61956,61957,61959,61960,61963],{},"You will get a ",[17,61958,2870],{},". See ",[192,61961,61962],{"href":52268},"TypeError: int object is not iterable"," for help fixing that error.",[14,61965,61966],{},"Useful checks while debugging:",[60,61968,61970],{"className":62,"code":61969,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result))\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[17,61971,61972,61982,61996,62008],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,61973,61974,61976,61978,61980],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,61975,110],{"class":109},[69,61977,113],{"class":83},[69,61979,7971],{"class":121},[69,61981,221],{"class":83},[69,61983,61984,61986,61988,61990,61992,61994],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,61985,110],{"class":109},[69,61987,113],{"class":83},[69,61989,3087],{"class":1126},[69,61991,113],{"class":83},[69,61993,122],{"class":121},[69,61995,342],{"class":83},[69,61997,61998,62000,62002,62004,62006],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,61999,110],{"class":109},[69,62001,113],{"class":83},[69,62003,876],{"class":121},[69,62005,3525],{"class":83},[69,62007,221],{"class":75},[69,62009,62010,62012,62014,62016,62018,62020],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,62011,31808],{"class":109},[69,62013,113],{"class":83},[69,62015,7725],{"class":1126},[69,62017,25],{"class":83},[69,62019,53145],{"class":24402},[69,62021,221],{"class":83},[43245,62023,62024],{},[14,62025,62026,62027,62030,62031,62033,62034,25],{},"Note: ",[17,62028,62029],{},"print(result))"," has an extra ",[17,62032,3525],{}," and would cause a syntax error. The correct version is ",[17,62035,32683],{},[14,62037,62038],{},"Correct debugging example:",[60,62040,62042],{"className":62,"code":62041,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_list = [1, 2]\nvalues = [3, 4]\n\nmy_list.extend(values)\n\nresult = None\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result)\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[17,62043,62044,62060,62076,62080,62094,62098,62106,62116,62130,62140],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,62045,62046,62048,62050,62052,62054,62056,62058],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,62047,7940],{"class":75},[69,62049,80],{"class":79},[69,62051,84],{"class":83},[69,62053,473],{"class":87},[69,62055,91],{"class":83},[69,62057,316],{"class":87},[69,62059,103],{"class":83},[69,62061,62062,62064,62066,62068,62070,62072,62074],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,62063,76],{"class":75},[69,62065,80],{"class":79},[69,62067,84],{"class":83},[69,62069,1929],{"class":87},[69,62071,91],{"class":83},[69,62073,2323],{"class":87},[69,62075,103],{"class":83},[69,62077,62078],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,62079,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,62081,62082,62084,62086,62088,62090,62092],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,62083,7971],{"class":75},[69,62085,25],{"class":83},[69,62087,53145],{"class":121},[69,62089,113],{"class":83},[69,62091,122],{"class":121},[69,62093,221],{"class":83},[69,62095,62096],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,62097,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,62099,62100,62102,62104],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,62101,839],{"class":75},[69,62103,80],{"class":79},[69,62105,48194],{"class":289},[69,62107,62108,62110,62112,62114],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,62109,110],{"class":109},[69,62111,113],{"class":83},[69,62113,7971],{"class":121},[69,62115,221],{"class":83},[69,62117,62118,62120,62122,62124,62126,62128],{"class":71,"line":1269},[69,62119,110],{"class":109},[69,62121,113],{"class":83},[69,62123,3087],{"class":1126},[69,62125,113],{"class":83},[69,62127,122],{"class":121},[69,62129,342],{"class":83},[69,62131,62132,62134,62136,62138],{"class":71,"line":1275},[69,62133,110],{"class":109},[69,62135,113],{"class":83},[69,62137,876],{"class":121},[69,62139,221],{"class":83},[69,62141,62142,62144,62146,62148,62150,62152],{"class":71,"line":1280},[69,62143,31808],{"class":109},[69,62145,113],{"class":83},[69,62147,7725],{"class":1126},[69,62149,25],{"class":83},[69,62151,53145],{"class":24402},[69,62153,221],{"class":83},[141,62155,4788,62157],{"id":62156},"when-to-use-extend",[17,62158,53115],{},[14,62160,132,62161,1158],{},[17,62162,53115],{},[30,62164,62165,62168,62171],{},[33,62166,62167],{},"Merge two lists into one existing list",[33,62169,62170],{},"Add multiple values at once",[33,62172,62173],{},"Build a list step by step without creating a new list",[14,62175,244],{},[60,62177,62179],{"className":62,"code":62178,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"all_scores = [90, 85]\nnew_scores = [88, 92]\n\nall_scores.extend(new_scores)\n\nprint(all_scores)\n# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[17,62180,62181,62198,62216,62220,62236,62240,62250],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,62182,62183,62186,62188,62190,62192,62194,62196],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,62184,62185],{"class":75},"all_scores ",[69,62187,80],{"class":79},[69,62189,84],{"class":83},[69,62191,13147],{"class":87},[69,62193,91],{"class":83},[69,62195,13152],{"class":87},[69,62197,103],{"class":83},[69,62199,62200,62203,62205,62207,62209,62211,62214],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,62201,62202],{"class":75},"new_scores ",[69,62204,80],{"class":79},[69,62206,84],{"class":83},[69,62208,51173],{"class":87},[69,62210,91],{"class":83},[69,62212,62213],{"class":87}," 92",[69,62215,103],{"class":83},[69,62217,62218],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,62219,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,62221,62222,62225,62227,62229,62231,62234],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,62223,62224],{"class":75},"all_scores",[69,62226,25],{"class":83},[69,62228,53145],{"class":121},[69,62230,113],{"class":83},[69,62232,62233],{"class":121},"new_scores",[69,62235,221],{"class":83},[69,62237,62238],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,62239,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,62241,62242,62244,62246,62248],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,62243,110],{"class":109},[69,62245,113],{"class":83},[69,62247,62224],{"class":121},[69,62249,221],{"class":83},[69,62251,62252],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,62253,62254],{"class":128},"# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[14,62256,62257,62258,62260,62261,25],{},"If you need to add just one value, ",[17,62259,52321],{}," is usually better. If you need to add an item at a specific position, see ",[192,62262,55189,62263,10379],{"href":53577},[17,62264,53937],{},[141,62266,1651],{"id":1650},[1369,62268,12347,62270,55138],{"id":62269},"does-listextend-return-a-new-list",[17,62271,53016],{},[14,62273,62274,62275,25],{},"No. It changes the original list and returns ",[17,62276,449],{},[1369,62278,5006,62280,587,62282,2359],{"id":62279},"what-is-the-difference-between-extend-and-append",[17,62281,53115],{},[17,62283,52321],{},[14,62285,62286,62288,62289,62291],{},[17,62287,53115],{}," adds each item from an iterable. ",[17,62290,52321],{}," adds one item as a single element.",[1369,62293,27982,62295,62297],{"id":62294},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-string",[17,62296,53115],{}," with a string?",[14,62299,62300],{},"Yes, but each character is added separately.",[1369,62302,27982,62304,62306],{"id":62303},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-tuple",[17,62305,53115],{}," with a tuple?",[14,62308,62309],{},"Yes. Each tuple item is added to the list.",[1369,62311,62313,62314,2359],{"id":62312},"what-happens-if-i-pass-an-integer-to-extend","What happens if I pass an integer to ",[17,62315,53115],{},[14,62317,62318,62319,62321],{},"You get a ",[17,62320,2870],{}," because an integer is not iterable.",[141,62323,1771],{"id":1770},[30,62325,62326,62332,62336,62340,62344,62350,62354],{},[33,62327,62328],{},[192,62329,55189,62330,10379],{"href":56438},[17,62331,52321],{},[33,62333,62334],{},[192,62335,53947],{"href":52717},[33,62337,62338],{},[192,62339,56898],{"href":56823},[33,62341,62342],{},[192,62343,52440],{"href":50647},[33,62345,62346],{},[192,62347,55189,62348,10379],{"href":53577},[17,62349,53937],{},[33,62351,62352],{},[192,62353,61962],{"href":52268},[33,62355,62356],{},[192,62357,55189,62358,10379],{"href":54629},[17,62359,12420],{},[14,62361,62362,62363,62365,62366,62368],{},"If you are choosing between list methods, the next useful step is learning when to use ",[17,62364,52321],{},", when to use ",[17,62367,53937],{},", and when it makes more sense to create a new merged list instead of changing the original one.",[1802,62370,62371],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":62373},[62374,62375,62377,62378,62379,62386,62393,62394,62402,62404,62416],{"id":1869,"depth":106,"text":1870},{"id":60771,"depth":106,"text":62376},"What list.extend() does",{"id":2023,"depth":106,"text":2024},{"id":60852,"depth":106,"text":60853},{"id":60989,"depth":106,"text":62380,"children":62381},"extend() vs append()",[62382,62384],{"id":61003,"depth":300,"text":62383},"extend() adds each item from the iterable",{"id":61066,"depth":300,"text":62385},"append() adds the whole object as one item",{"id":61152,"depth":106,"text":62387,"children":62388},"Using extend() with different iterables",[62389,62390,62391,62392],{"id":61163,"depth":300,"text":61164},{"id":61227,"depth":300,"text":61228},{"id":61293,"depth":300,"text":61294},{"id":61367,"depth":300,"text":61368},{"id":61427,"depth":106,"text":61428},{"id":1361,"depth":106,"text":1362,"children":62395},[62396,62398,62400,62401],{"id":61639,"depth":300,"text":62397},"1. Expecting extend() to return a new list",{"id":61712,"depth":300,"text":62399},"2. Using append() when extend() is needed",{"id":61784,"depth":300,"text":61785},{"id":61913,"depth":300,"text":61914},{"id":62156,"depth":106,"text":62403},"When to use extend()",{"id":1650,"depth":106,"text":1651,"children":62405},[62406,62408,62410,62412,62414],{"id":62269,"depth":300,"text":62407},"Does list.extend() return a new list?",{"id":62279,"depth":300,"text":62409},"What is the difference between extend() and append()?",{"id":62294,"depth":300,"text":62411},"Can I use extend() with a string?",{"id":62303,"depth":300,"text":62413},"Can I use extend() with a tuple?",{"id":62312,"depth":300,"text":62415},"What happens if I pass an integer to extend()?",{"id":1770,"depth":106,"text":1771},"Master python list extend method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method",{"title":60675,"description":62417},"reference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method","90pZbU2UqZE69xhKpX2Np0iIiKNAPWOtF52krfvnbak",{"id":62424,"title":62425,"body":62426,"description":64517,"extension":1828,"meta":64518,"navigation":833,"path":64519,"seo":64520,"stem":64521,"__hash__":64522},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained.md","Python list() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":62427,"toc":64480},[62428,62431,62436,62442,62453,62459,62461,62530,62532,62581,62589,62593,62598,62601,62612,62617,62619,62621,62642,62655,62658,62671,62673,62678,62703,62705,62713,62716,62785,62787,62811,62817,62821,62825,62861,62863,62883,62890,62894,62927,62929,62963,62968,62972,63005,63007,63035,63043,63047,63084,63086,63107,63110,63114,63183,63185,63209,63215,63222,63226,63229,63231,63245,63248,63272,63274,63299,63302,63321,63323,63349,63358,63362,63369,63446,63448,63489,63495,63501,63592,63594,63650,63653,63658,63662,63667,63671,63730,63732,63757,63761,63824,63826,63851,63855,63918,63920,63963,63966,63970,63974,63996,64000,64082,64084,64119,64127,64129,64133,64137,64139,64166,64171,64173,64200,64207,64210,64233,64235,64284,64287,64290,64309,64313,64316,64367,64370,64376,64380,64385,64388,64390,64396,64405,64409,64415,64419,64422,64426,64429,64433,64439,64441,64477],[10,62429,62425],{"id":62430},"python-list-function-explained",[14,62432,8758,62433,62435],{},[17,62434,24433],{}," function creates a new list.",[14,62437,62438,62439,62441],{},"Beginners usually use ",[17,62440,24433],{}," for two main reasons:",[30,62443,62444,62447],{},[33,62445,62446],{},"to make an empty list",[33,62448,62449,62450,62452],{},"to convert another iterable, such as a tuple, string, ",[17,62451,59669],{},", set, or dictionary, into a list",[14,62454,62455,62456,62458],{},"This page explains how ",[17,62457,24433],{}," works, what it returns, and when you should use it.",[141,62460,1870],{"id":1869},[60,62462,62464],{"className":62,"code":62463,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(letters)\n",[17,62465,62466,62488,62506,62510,62520],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,62467,62468,62470,62472,62474,62476,62478,62480,62482,62484,62486],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,62469,801],{"class":75},[69,62471,80],{"class":79},[69,62473,22211],{"class":1126},[69,62475,286],{"class":83},[69,62477,473],{"class":87},[69,62479,91],{"class":83},[69,62481,316],{"class":87},[69,62483,91],{"class":83},[69,62485,516],{"class":87},[69,62487,342],{"class":83},[69,62489,62490,62492,62494,62496,62498,62500,62502,62504],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,62491,35750],{"class":75},[69,62493,80],{"class":79},[69,62495,22211],{"class":1126},[69,62497,113],{"class":83},[69,62499,333],{"class":94},[69,62501,41224],{"class":336},[69,62503,333],{"class":94},[69,62505,221],{"class":83},[69,62507,62508],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,62509,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,62511,62512,62514,62516,62518],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,62513,110],{"class":109},[69,62515,113],{"class":83},[69,62517,3512],{"class":121},[69,62519,221],{"class":83},[69,62521,62522,62524,62526,62528],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,62523,110],{"class":109},[69,62525,113],{"class":83},[69,62527,35803],{"class":121},[69,62529,221],{"class":83},[14,62531,643],{},[60,62533,62535],{"className":62,"code":62534,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[1, 2, 3]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[17,62536,62537,62553],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,62538,62539,62541,62543,62545,62547,62549,62551],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,62540,3739],{"class":83},[69,62542,473],{"class":87},[69,62544,91],{"class":83},[69,62546,316],{"class":87},[69,62548,91],{"class":83},[69,62550,516],{"class":87},[69,62552,103],{"class":83},[69,62554,62555,62557,62559,62561,62563,62565,62567,62569,62571,62573,62575,62577,62579],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,62556,3739],{"class":83},[69,62558,488],{"class":94},[69,62560,192],{"class":336},[69,62562,488],{"class":94},[69,62564,91],{"class":83},[69,62566,3161],{"class":94},[69,62568,4587],{"class":336},[69,62570,488],{"class":94},[69,62572,91],{"class":83},[69,62574,3161],{"class":94},[69,62576,9376],{"class":336},[69,62578,488],{"class":94},[69,62580,103],{"class":83},[14,62582,132,62583,62585,62586,62588],{},[17,62584,24433],{}," to create a list from another iterable such as a tuple, string, ",[17,62587,59669],{},", set, or dictionary.",[141,62590,62592],{"id":62591},"what-list-does","What list() does",[14,62594,62595,62597],{},[17,62596,24433],{}," is a built-in Python function.",[14,62599,62600],{},"It can:",[30,62602,62603,62606,62609],{},[33,62604,62605],{},"create a new list object",[33,62607,62608],{},"make an empty list",[33,62610,62611],{},"convert an iterable into a list",[14,62613,62614,62615,25],{},"A list is a changeable sequence of items. If you are new to lists, see ",[192,62616,52440],{"href":50647},[141,62618,2024],{"id":2023},[14,62620,26140],{},[60,62622,62624],{"className":62,"code":62623,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"list()\nlist(iterable)\n",[17,62625,62626,62632],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,62627,62628,62630],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,62629,7725],{"class":1126},[69,62631,8277],{"class":83},[69,62633,62634,62636,62638,62640],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,62635,7725],{"class":1126},[69,62637,113],{"class":83},[69,62639,218],{"class":121},[69,62641,221],{"class":83},[30,62643,62644,62649],{},[33,62645,62646,62648],{},[17,62647,24433],{}," makes an empty list",[33,62650,62651,62654],{},[17,62652,62653],{},"list(iterable)"," converts an iterable to a list",[14,62656,62657],{},"Common iterable values include:",[30,62659,62660,62662,62664,62666,62669],{},[33,62661,44],{},[33,62663,38],{},[33,62665,41],{},[33,62667,62668],{},"ranges",[33,62670,6879],{},[141,62672,59291],{"id":59290},[14,62674,132,62675,62677],{},[17,62676,24433],{}," with no arguments:",[60,62679,62681],{"className":62,"code":62680,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = list()\nprint(items)\n",[17,62682,62683,62693],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,62684,62685,62687,62689,62691],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,62686,7409],{"class":75},[69,62688,80],{"class":79},[69,62690,22211],{"class":1126},[69,62692,8277],{"class":83},[69,62694,62695,62697,62699,62701],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,62696,110],{"class":109},[69,62698,113],{"class":83},[69,62700,7440],{"class":121},[69,62702,221],{"class":83},[14,62704,643],{},[60,62706,62707],{"className":62,"code":37959,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,62708,62709],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,62710,62711],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,62712,37959],{"class":83},[14,62714,62715],{},"This is useful when you want to build a list step by step:",[60,62717,62719],{"className":62,"code":62718,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = list()\n\nitems.append(\"apple\")\nitems.append(\"banana\")\n\nprint(items)\n",[17,62720,62721,62731,62735,62753,62771,62775],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,62722,62723,62725,62727,62729],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,62724,7409],{"class":75},[69,62726,80],{"class":79},[69,62728,22211],{"class":1126},[69,62730,8277],{"class":83},[69,62732,62733],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,62734,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,62736,62737,62739,62741,62743,62745,62747,62749,62751],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,62738,7440],{"class":75},[69,62740,25],{"class":83},[69,62742,13198],{"class":121},[69,62744,113],{"class":83},[69,62746,333],{"class":94},[69,62748,952],{"class":336},[69,62750,333],{"class":94},[69,62752,221],{"class":83},[69,62754,62755,62757,62759,62761,62763,62765,62767,62769],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,62756,7440],{"class":75},[69,62758,25],{"class":83},[69,62760,13198],{"class":121},[69,62762,113],{"class":83},[69,62764,333],{"class":94},[69,62766,967],{"class":336},[69,62768,333],{"class":94},[69,62770,221],{"class":83},[69,62772,62773],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,62774,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,62776,62777,62779,62781,62783],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,62778,110],{"class":109},[69,62780,113],{"class":83},[69,62782,7440],{"class":121},[69,62784,221],{"class":83},[14,62786,643],{},[60,62788,62789],{"className":62,"code":38085,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,62790,62791],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,62792,62793,62795,62797,62799,62801,62803,62805,62807,62809],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,62794,3739],{"class":83},[69,62796,488],{"class":94},[69,62798,952],{"class":336},[69,62800,488],{"class":94},[69,62802,91],{"class":83},[69,62804,3161],{"class":94},[69,62806,967],{"class":336},[69,62808,488],{"class":94},[69,62810,103],{"class":83},[14,62812,62813,62814,62816],{},"You can also create an empty list with ",[17,62815,434],{},". Both are valid.",[141,62818,62820],{"id":62819},"convert-common-values-to-a-list","Convert common values to a list",[1369,62822,62824],{"id":62823},"tuple-to-list","Tuple to list",[60,62826,62827],{"className":62,"code":59589,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,62828,62829,62851],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,62830,62831,62833,62835,62837,62839,62841,62843,62845,62847,62849],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,62832,801],{"class":75},[69,62834,80],{"class":79},[69,62836,22211],{"class":1126},[69,62838,286],{"class":83},[69,62840,473],{"class":87},[69,62842,91],{"class":83},[69,62844,316],{"class":87},[69,62846,91],{"class":83},[69,62848,516],{"class":87},[69,62850,342],{"class":83},[69,62852,62853,62855,62857,62859],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,62854,110],{"class":109},[69,62856,113],{"class":83},[69,62858,3512],{"class":121},[69,62860,221],{"class":83},[14,62862,643],{},[60,62864,62865],{"className":62,"code":54819,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,62866,62867],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,62868,62869,62871,62873,62875,62877,62879,62881],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,62870,3739],{"class":83},[69,62872,473],{"class":87},[69,62874,91],{"class":83},[69,62876,316],{"class":87},[69,62878,91],{"class":83},[69,62880,516],{"class":87},[69,62882,103],{"class":83},[14,62884,62885,62886,25],{},"If you also want to compare this with tuples, see ",[192,62887,62889],{"href":62888},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained\u002F","Python tuple() function explained",[1369,62891,62893],{"id":62892},"string-to-list","String to list",[60,62895,62897],{"className":62,"code":62896,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"letters = list(\"cat\")\nprint(letters)\n",[17,62898,62899,62917],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,62900,62901,62903,62905,62907,62909,62911,62913,62915],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,62902,35750],{"class":75},[69,62904,80],{"class":79},[69,62906,22211],{"class":1126},[69,62908,113],{"class":83},[69,62910,333],{"class":94},[69,62912,36708],{"class":336},[69,62914,333],{"class":94},[69,62916,221],{"class":83},[69,62918,62919,62921,62923,62925],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,62920,110],{"class":109},[69,62922,113],{"class":83},[69,62924,35803],{"class":121},[69,62926,221],{"class":83},[14,62928,643],{},[60,62930,62932],{"className":62,"code":62931,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['c', 'a', 't']\n",[17,62933,62934],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,62935,62936,62938,62940,62942,62944,62946,62948,62950,62952,62954,62956,62959,62961],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,62937,3739],{"class":83},[69,62939,488],{"class":94},[69,62941,9376],{"class":336},[69,62943,488],{"class":94},[69,62945,91],{"class":83},[69,62947,3161],{"class":94},[69,62949,192],{"class":336},[69,62951,488],{"class":94},[69,62953,91],{"class":83},[69,62955,3161],{"class":94},[69,62957,62958],{"class":336},"t",[69,62960,488],{"class":94},[69,62962,103],{"class":83},[14,62964,62965,62967],{},[17,62966,24433],{}," takes each character from the string and puts it into the new list.",[1369,62969,62971],{"id":62970},"range-to-list","Range to list",[60,62973,62975],{"className":62,"code":62974,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = list(range(5))\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,62976,62977,62995],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,62978,62979,62981,62983,62985,62987,62989,62991,62993],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,62980,801],{"class":75},[69,62982,80],{"class":79},[69,62984,22211],{"class":1126},[69,62986,113],{"class":83},[69,62988,59669],{"class":109},[69,62990,113],{"class":83},[69,62992,670],{"class":87},[69,62994,342],{"class":83},[69,62996,62997,62999,63001,63003],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,62998,110],{"class":109},[69,63000,113],{"class":83},[69,63002,3512],{"class":121},[69,63004,221],{"class":83},[14,63006,643],{},[60,63008,63009],{"className":62,"code":59692,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,63010,63011],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,63012,63013,63015,63017,63019,63021,63023,63025,63027,63029,63031,63033],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,63014,3739],{"class":83},[69,63016,88],{"class":87},[69,63018,91],{"class":83},[69,63020,272],{"class":87},[69,63022,91],{"class":83},[69,63024,316],{"class":87},[69,63026,91],{"class":83},[69,63028,516],{"class":87},[69,63030,91],{"class":83},[69,63032,2323],{"class":87},[69,63034,103],{"class":83},[14,63036,63037,63038,63042],{},"This is common when working with ",[192,63039,63040],{"href":35855},[17,63041,35858],{},", especially when you want to see all the values at once.",[1369,63044,63046],{"id":63045},"set-to-list","Set to list",[60,63048,63050],{"className":62,"code":63049,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"values = list({10, 20, 30})\nprint(values)\n",[17,63051,63052,63074],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,63053,63054,63056,63058,63060,63062,63064,63066,63068,63070,63072],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,63055,76],{"class":75},[69,63057,80],{"class":79},[69,63059,22211],{"class":1126},[69,63061,309],{"class":83},[69,63063,2197],{"class":87},[69,63065,91],{"class":83},[69,63067,7420],{"class":87},[69,63069,91],{"class":83},[69,63071,7425],{"class":87},[69,63073,30151],{"class":83},[69,63075,63076,63078,63080,63082],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,63077,110],{"class":109},[69,63079,113],{"class":83},[69,63081,122],{"class":121},[69,63083,221],{"class":83},[14,63085,16606],{},[60,63087,63089],{"className":62,"code":63088,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[10, 20, 30]\n",[17,63090,63091],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,63092,63093,63095,63097,63099,63101,63103,63105],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,63094,3739],{"class":83},[69,63096,2197],{"class":87},[69,63098,91],{"class":83},[69,63100,7420],{"class":87},[69,63102,91],{"class":83},[69,63104,7425],{"class":87},[69,63106,103],{"class":83},[14,63108,63109],{},"This works, but set order is not guaranteed in the way beginners often expect. The items may appear in a different order.",[1369,63111,63113],{"id":63112},"dictionary-to-list","Dictionary to list",[60,63115,63117],{"className":62,"code":63116,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = list(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,63118,63119,63155,63169,63173],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,63120,63121,63123,63125,63127,63129,63131,63133,63135,63137,63139,63141,63143,63145,63147,63149,63151,63153],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,63122,12849],{"class":75},[69,63124,80],{"class":79},[69,63126,10128],{"class":83},[69,63128,333],{"class":94},[69,63130,7297],{"class":336},[69,63132,333],{"class":94},[69,63134,1044],{"class":83},[69,63136,964],{"class":94},[69,63138,12524],{"class":336},[69,63140,333],{"class":94},[69,63142,91],{"class":83},[69,63144,964],{"class":94},[69,63146,8935],{"class":336},[69,63148,333],{"class":94},[69,63150,1044],{"class":83},[69,63152,8942],{"class":87},[69,63154,8945],{"class":83},[69,63156,63157,63159,63161,63163,63165,63167],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,63158,839],{"class":75},[69,63160,80],{"class":79},[69,63162,22211],{"class":1126},[69,63164,113],{"class":83},[69,63166,16955],{"class":121},[69,63168,221],{"class":83},[69,63170,63171],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,63172,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,63174,63175,63177,63179,63181],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,63176,110],{"class":109},[69,63178,113],{"class":83},[69,63180,876],{"class":121},[69,63182,221],{"class":83},[14,63184,643],{},[60,63186,63187],{"className":62,"code":25133,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,63188,63189],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,63190,63191,63193,63195,63197,63199,63201,63203,63205,63207],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,63192,3739],{"class":83},[69,63194,488],{"class":94},[69,63196,7297],{"class":336},[69,63198,488],{"class":94},[69,63200,91],{"class":83},[69,63202,3161],{"class":94},[69,63204,8935],{"class":336},[69,63206,488],{"class":94},[69,63208,103],{"class":83},[14,63210,63211,63212,63214],{},"When you pass a dictionary to ",[17,63213,24433],{},", Python returns the dictionary keys.",[14,63216,63217,63218,25],{},"If you need more help with dictionaries, see ",[192,63219,63221],{"href":63220},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained\u002F","Python dict() function explained",[141,63223,63225],{"id":63224},"what-counts-as-an-iterable","What counts as an iterable",[14,63227,63228],{},"An iterable is something Python can loop through.",[14,63230,60826],{},[30,63232,63233,63235,63237,63239,63241,63243],{},[33,63234,35],{},[33,63236,38],{},[33,63238,44],{},[33,63240,41],{},[33,63242,62668],{},[33,63244,6879],{},[14,63246,63247],{},"For example, this works because a string is iterable:",[60,63249,63251],{"className":62,"code":63250,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(list(\"hi\"))\n",[17,63252,63253],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,63254,63255,63257,63259,63261,63263,63265,63268,63270],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,63256,110],{"class":109},[69,63258,113],{"class":83},[69,63260,7725],{"class":1126},[69,63262,113],{"class":83},[69,63264,333],{"class":94},[69,63266,63267],{"class":336},"hi",[69,63269,333],{"class":94},[69,63271,342],{"class":83},[14,63273,643],{},[60,63275,63277],{"className":62,"code":63276,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['h', 'i']\n",[17,63278,63279],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,63280,63281,63283,63285,63287,63289,63291,63293,63295,63297],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,63282,3739],{"class":83},[69,63284,488],{"class":94},[69,63286,60109],{"class":336},[69,63288,488],{"class":94},[69,63290,91],{"class":83},[69,63292,3161],{"class":94},[69,63294,35814],{"class":336},[69,63296,488],{"class":94},[69,63298,103],{"class":83},[14,63300,63301],{},"But this fails because an integer is not iterable:",[60,63303,63305],{"className":62,"code":63304,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(list(5))\n",[17,63306,63307],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,63308,63309,63311,63313,63315,63317,63319],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,63310,110],{"class":109},[69,63312,113],{"class":83},[69,63314,7725],{"class":1126},[69,63316,113],{"class":83},[69,63318,670],{"class":87},[69,63320,342],{"class":83},[14,63322,643],{},[60,63324,63326],{"className":62,"code":63325,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable\n",[17,63327,63328],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,63329,63330,63332,63334,63336,63338,63340,63342,63344,63346],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,63331,2870],{"class":1126},[69,63333,1044],{"class":83},[69,63335,3161],{"class":94},[69,63337,2056],{"class":336},[69,63339,488],{"class":94},[69,63341,24269],{"class":1126},[69,63343,7728],{"class":79},[69,63345,7731],{"class":79},[69,63347,63348],{"class":75}," iterable\n",[14,63350,63351,63352,63354,63355,25],{},"If you want a deeper explanation, read ",[192,63353,375],{"href":374},". If you hit this exact error, see ",[192,63356,63357],{"href":52268},"how to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[141,63359,63361],{"id":63360},"list-makes-a-new-list-copy","list() makes a new list copy",[14,63363,63364,63365,63368],{},"If you already have a list, ",[17,63366,63367],{},"list(existing_list)"," creates a new list with the same items:",[60,63370,63372],{"className":62,"code":63371,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = list(original)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[17,63373,63374,63394,63408,63412,63422,63432],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,63375,63376,63378,63380,63382,63384,63386,63388,63390,63392],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,63377,11728],{"class":75},[69,63379,80],{"class":79},[69,63381,84],{"class":83},[69,63383,473],{"class":87},[69,63385,91],{"class":83},[69,63387,316],{"class":87},[69,63389,91],{"class":83},[69,63391,516],{"class":87},[69,63393,103],{"class":83},[69,63395,63396,63398,63400,63402,63404,63406],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,63397,13957],{"class":75},[69,63399,80],{"class":79},[69,63401,22211],{"class":1126},[69,63403,113],{"class":83},[69,63405,11775],{"class":121},[69,63407,221],{"class":83},[69,63409,63410],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,63411,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,63413,63414,63416,63418,63420],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,63415,110],{"class":109},[69,63417,113],{"class":83},[69,63419,11775],{"class":121},[69,63421,221],{"class":83},[69,63423,63424,63426,63428,63430],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,63425,110],{"class":109},[69,63427,113],{"class":83},[69,63429,13976],{"class":121},[69,63431,221],{"class":83},[69,63433,63434,63436,63438,63440,63442,63444],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,63435,110],{"class":109},[69,63437,113],{"class":83},[69,63439,11728],{"class":121},[69,63441,11836],{"class":773},[69,63443,14030],{"class":121},[69,63445,221],{"class":83},[14,63447,643],{},[60,63449,63451],{"className":62,"code":63450,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3]\nFalse\n",[17,63452,63453,63469,63485],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,63454,63455,63457,63459,63461,63463,63465,63467],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,63456,3739],{"class":83},[69,63458,473],{"class":87},[69,63460,91],{"class":83},[69,63462,316],{"class":87},[69,63464,91],{"class":83},[69,63466,516],{"class":87},[69,63468,103],{"class":83},[69,63470,63471,63473,63475,63477,63479,63481,63483],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,63472,3739],{"class":83},[69,63474,473],{"class":87},[69,63476,91],{"class":83},[69,63478,316],{"class":87},[69,63480,91],{"class":83},[69,63482,516],{"class":87},[69,63484,103],{"class":83},[69,63486,63487],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,63488,360],{"class":289},[14,63490,63491,63492,63494],{},"This means ",[17,63493,13976],{}," is a different list object.",[14,63496,63497,63498,63500],{},"However, this is only a ",[22,63499,12494],{},". Nested items are still shared:",[60,63502,63504],{"className":62,"code":63503,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = list(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[17,63505,63506,63532,63546,63550,63568,63572,63582],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,63507,63508,63510,63512,63514,63516,63518,63520,63522,63524,63526,63528,63530],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,63509,11728],{"class":75},[69,63511,80],{"class":79},[69,63513,55963],{"class":83},[69,63515,473],{"class":87},[69,63517,91],{"class":83},[69,63519,316],{"class":87},[69,63521,17711],{"class":83},[69,63523,84],{"class":83},[69,63525,1929],{"class":87},[69,63527,91],{"class":83},[69,63529,2323],{"class":87},[69,63531,52911],{"class":83},[69,63533,63534,63536,63538,63540,63542,63544],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,63535,13957],{"class":75},[69,63537,80],{"class":79},[69,63539,22211],{"class":1126},[69,63541,113],{"class":83},[69,63543,11775],{"class":121},[69,63545,221],{"class":83},[69,63547,63548],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,63549,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,63551,63552,63554,63556,63558,63560,63562,63564,63566],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,63553,13976],{"class":75},[69,63555,3739],{"class":83},[69,63557,88],{"class":87},[69,63559,13195],{"class":83},[69,63561,13198],{"class":121},[69,63563,113],{"class":83},[69,63565,56016],{"class":87},[69,63567,221],{"class":83},[69,63569,63570],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,63571,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,63573,63574,63576,63578,63580],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,63575,110],{"class":109},[69,63577,113],{"class":83},[69,63579,11775],{"class":121},[69,63581,221],{"class":83},[69,63583,63584,63586,63588,63590],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,63585,110],{"class":109},[69,63587,113],{"class":83},[69,63589,13976],{"class":121},[69,63591,221],{"class":83},[14,63593,643],{},[60,63595,63596],{"className":62,"code":56047,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,63597,63598,63624],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,63599,63600,63602,63604,63606,63608,63610,63612,63614,63616,63618,63620,63622],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,63601,56054],{"class":83},[69,63603,473],{"class":87},[69,63605,91],{"class":83},[69,63607,316],{"class":87},[69,63609,91],{"class":83},[69,63611,9834],{"class":87},[69,63613,17711],{"class":83},[69,63615,84],{"class":83},[69,63617,1929],{"class":87},[69,63619,91],{"class":83},[69,63621,2323],{"class":87},[69,63623,52911],{"class":83},[69,63625,63626,63628,63630,63632,63634,63636,63638,63640,63642,63644,63646,63648],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,63627,56054],{"class":83},[69,63629,473],{"class":87},[69,63631,91],{"class":83},[69,63633,316],{"class":87},[69,63635,91],{"class":83},[69,63637,9834],{"class":87},[69,63639,17711],{"class":83},[69,63641,84],{"class":83},[69,63643,1929],{"class":87},[69,63645,91],{"class":83},[69,63647,2323],{"class":87},[69,63649,52911],{"class":83},[14,63651,63652],{},"Both lists changed because the inner list was shared.",[14,63654,63655,63656,25],{},"For more on this, see ",[192,63657,13436],{"href":13435},[141,63659,63661],{"id":63660},"dictionary-behavior","Dictionary behavior",[14,63663,63664,63665,25],{},"Dictionaries often confuse beginners when used with ",[17,63666,24433],{},[1369,63668,63670],{"id":63669},"get-dictionary-keys","Get dictionary keys",[60,63672,63674],{"className":62,"code":63673,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student))\n",[17,63675,63676,63716],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,63677,63678,63680,63682,63684,63686,63688,63690,63692,63694,63696,63698,63700,63702,63704,63706,63708,63710,63712,63714],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,63679,12507],{"class":75},[69,63681,80],{"class":79},[69,63683,10128],{"class":83},[69,63685,333],{"class":94},[69,63687,7297],{"class":336},[69,63689,333],{"class":94},[69,63691,1044],{"class":83},[69,63693,964],{"class":94},[69,63695,7552],{"class":336},[69,63697,333],{"class":94},[69,63699,91],{"class":83},[69,63701,964],{"class":94},[69,63703,19541],{"class":336},[69,63705,333],{"class":94},[69,63707,1044],{"class":83},[69,63709,964],{"class":94},[69,63711,21896],{"class":336},[69,63713,333],{"class":94},[69,63715,8945],{"class":83},[69,63717,63718,63720,63722,63724,63726,63728],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,63719,110],{"class":109},[69,63721,113],{"class":83},[69,63723,7725],{"class":1126},[69,63725,113],{"class":83},[69,63727,13271],{"class":121},[69,63729,342],{"class":83},[14,63731,643],{},[60,63733,63735],{"className":62,"code":63734,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['name', 'grade']\n",[17,63736,63737],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,63738,63739,63741,63743,63745,63747,63749,63751,63753,63755],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,63740,3739],{"class":83},[69,63742,488],{"class":94},[69,63744,7297],{"class":336},[69,63746,488],{"class":94},[69,63748,91],{"class":83},[69,63750,3161],{"class":94},[69,63752,19541],{"class":336},[69,63754,488],{"class":94},[69,63756,103],{"class":83},[1369,63758,63760],{"id":63759},"get-dictionary-values","Get dictionary values",[60,63762,63764],{"className":62,"code":63763,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.values()))\n",[17,63765,63766,63806],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,63767,63768,63770,63772,63774,63776,63778,63780,63782,63784,63786,63788,63790,63792,63794,63796,63798,63800,63802,63804],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,63769,12507],{"class":75},[69,63771,80],{"class":79},[69,63773,10128],{"class":83},[69,63775,333],{"class":94},[69,63777,7297],{"class":336},[69,63779,333],{"class":94},[69,63781,1044],{"class":83},[69,63783,964],{"class":94},[69,63785,7552],{"class":336},[69,63787,333],{"class":94},[69,63789,91],{"class":83},[69,63791,964],{"class":94},[69,63793,19541],{"class":336},[69,63795,333],{"class":94},[69,63797,1044],{"class":83},[69,63799,964],{"class":94},[69,63801,21896],{"class":336},[69,63803,333],{"class":94},[69,63805,8945],{"class":83},[69,63807,63808,63810,63812,63814,63816,63818,63820,63822],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,63809,110],{"class":109},[69,63811,113],{"class":83},[69,63813,7725],{"class":1126},[69,63815,113],{"class":83},[69,63817,13271],{"class":121},[69,63819,25],{"class":83},[69,63821,122],{"class":121},[69,63823,1130],{"class":83},[14,63825,643],{},[60,63827,63829],{"className":62,"code":63828,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['Mia', 'A']\n",[17,63830,63831],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,63832,63833,63835,63837,63839,63841,63843,63845,63847,63849],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,63834,3739],{"class":83},[69,63836,488],{"class":94},[69,63838,7552],{"class":336},[69,63840,488],{"class":94},[69,63842,91],{"class":83},[69,63844,3161],{"class":94},[69,63846,21896],{"class":336},[69,63848,488],{"class":94},[69,63850,103],{"class":83},[1369,63852,63854],{"id":63853},"get-key-value-pairs","Get key-value pairs",[60,63856,63858],{"className":62,"code":63857,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.items()))\n",[17,63859,63860,63900],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,63861,63862,63864,63866,63868,63870,63872,63874,63876,63878,63880,63882,63884,63886,63888,63890,63892,63894,63896,63898],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,63863,12507],{"class":75},[69,63865,80],{"class":79},[69,63867,10128],{"class":83},[69,63869,333],{"class":94},[69,63871,7297],{"class":336},[69,63873,333],{"class":94},[69,63875,1044],{"class":83},[69,63877,964],{"class":94},[69,63879,7552],{"class":336},[69,63881,333],{"class":94},[69,63883,91],{"class":83},[69,63885,964],{"class":94},[69,63887,19541],{"class":336},[69,63889,333],{"class":94},[69,63891,1044],{"class":83},[69,63893,964],{"class":94},[69,63895,21896],{"class":336},[69,63897,333],{"class":94},[69,63899,8945],{"class":83},[69,63901,63902,63904,63906,63908,63910,63912,63914,63916],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,63903,110],{"class":109},[69,63905,113],{"class":83},[69,63907,7725],{"class":1126},[69,63909,113],{"class":83},[69,63911,13271],{"class":121},[69,63913,25],{"class":83},[69,63915,7440],{"class":121},[69,63917,1130],{"class":83},[14,63919,643],{},[60,63921,63923],{"className":62,"code":63922,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[('name', 'Mia'), ('grade', 'A')]\n",[17,63924,63925],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,63926,63927,63929,63931,63933,63935,63937,63939,63941,63943,63945,63947,63949,63951,63953,63955,63957,63959,63961],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,63928,21391],{"class":83},[69,63930,488],{"class":94},[69,63932,7297],{"class":336},[69,63934,488],{"class":94},[69,63936,91],{"class":83},[69,63938,3161],{"class":94},[69,63940,7552],{"class":336},[69,63942,488],{"class":94},[69,63944,8869],{"class":83},[69,63946,8872],{"class":83},[69,63948,488],{"class":94},[69,63950,19541],{"class":336},[69,63952,488],{"class":94},[69,63954,91],{"class":83},[69,63956,3161],{"class":94},[69,63958,21896],{"class":336},[69,63960,488],{"class":94},[69,63962,8885],{"class":83},[14,63964,63965],{},"This is helpful when you need the keys, values, or pairs in list form.",[141,63967,63969],{"id":63968},"when-to-use-list","When to use list()",[14,63971,132,63972,10239],{},[17,63973,24433],{},[30,63975,63976,63984,63993],{},[33,63977,63978,63979,54,63981],{},"you need list methods like ",[17,63980,52321],{},[17,63982,63983],{},"sort()",[33,63985,63986,63987,54,63989,63992],{},"you want to convert ",[17,63988,35858],{},[17,63990,63991],{},"zip()"," results into a visible list",[33,63994,63995],{},"another function gives you an iterable, but you need a real list",[14,63997,45706,63998,1044],{},[17,63999,63991],{},[60,64001,64003],{"className":62,"code":64002,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[17,64004,64005,64029,64045,64049,64072],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,64006,64007,64009,64011,64013,64015,64017,64019,64021,64023,64025,64027],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,64008,4822],{"class":75},[69,64010,80],{"class":79},[69,64012,84],{"class":83},[69,64014,333],{"class":94},[69,64016,12524],{"class":336},[69,64018,333],{"class":94},[69,64020,91],{"class":83},[69,64022,964],{"class":94},[69,64024,35600],{"class":336},[69,64026,333],{"class":94},[69,64028,103],{"class":83},[69,64030,64031,64033,64035,64037,64039,64041,64043],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,64032,4891],{"class":75},[69,64034,80],{"class":79},[69,64036,84],{"class":83},[69,64038,13147],{"class":87},[69,64040,91],{"class":83},[69,64042,13152],{"class":87},[69,64044,103],{"class":83},[69,64046,64047],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,64048,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,64050,64051,64053,64055,64057,64059,64062,64064,64066,64068,64070],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,64052,8851],{"class":75},[69,64054,80],{"class":79},[69,64056,22211],{"class":1126},[69,64058,113],{"class":83},[69,64060,64061],{"class":109},"zip",[69,64063,113],{"class":83},[69,64065,4866],{"class":121},[69,64067,91],{"class":83},[69,64069,4938],{"class":121},[69,64071,342],{"class":83},[69,64073,64074,64076,64078,64080],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,64075,110],{"class":109},[69,64077,113],{"class":83},[69,64079,8898],{"class":121},[69,64081,221],{"class":83},[14,64083,643],{},[60,64085,64087],{"className":62,"code":64086,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n",[17,64088,64089],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,64090,64091,64093,64095,64097,64099,64101,64103,64105,64107,64109,64111,64113,64115,64117],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,64092,21391],{"class":83},[69,64094,488],{"class":94},[69,64096,12524],{"class":336},[69,64098,488],{"class":94},[69,64100,91],{"class":83},[69,64102,19548],{"class":87},[69,64104,8869],{"class":83},[69,64106,8872],{"class":83},[69,64108,488],{"class":94},[69,64110,35600],{"class":336},[69,64112,488],{"class":94},[69,64114,91],{"class":83},[69,64116,13152],{"class":87},[69,64118,8885],{"class":83},[14,64120,64121,64122,64124,64125,25],{},"After you have a list, you can work with list methods such as ",[17,64123,52321],{},". For a practical next step, see ",[192,64126,52718],{"href":52717},[141,64128,1362],{"id":1361},[14,64130,56445,64131,25],{},[17,64132,24433],{},[1369,64134,64136],{"id":64135},"passing-multiple-values-directly","Passing multiple values directly",[14,64138,1375],{},[60,64140,64142],{"className":62,"code":64141,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"# Wrong\nlist(1, 2, 3)\n",[17,64143,64144,64148],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,64145,64146],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,64147,4362],{"class":128},[69,64149,64150,64152,64154,64156,64158,64160,64162,64164],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,64151,7725],{"class":1126},[69,64153,113],{"class":83},[69,64155,473],{"class":87},[69,64157,91],{"class":83},[69,64159,316],{"class":87},[69,64161,91],{"class":83},[69,64163,516],{"class":87},[69,64165,221],{"class":83},[14,64167,64168,64170],{},[17,64169,24433],{}," accepts one iterable, not several separate values.",[14,64172,18344],{},[60,64174,64176],{"className":62,"code":64175,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(list((1, 2, 3)))\n",[17,64177,64178],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,64179,64180,64182,64184,64186,64188,64190,64192,64194,64196,64198],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,64181,110],{"class":109},[69,64183,113],{"class":83},[69,64185,7725],{"class":1126},[69,64187,286],{"class":83},[69,64189,473],{"class":87},[69,64191,91],{"class":83},[69,64193,316],{"class":87},[69,64195,91],{"class":83},[69,64197,516],{"class":87},[69,64199,297],{"class":83},[1369,64201,64203,64204],{"id":64202},"expecting-listhello-to-return-hello","Expecting list(\"hello\") to return ",[69,64205,64206],{},"\"hello\"",[14,64208,64209],{},"This is a common surprise:",[60,64211,64213],{"className":62,"code":64212,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(list(\"hello\"))\n",[17,64214,64215],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,64216,64217,64219,64221,64223,64225,64227,64229,64231],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,64218,110],{"class":109},[69,64220,113],{"class":83},[69,64222,7725],{"class":1126},[69,64224,113],{"class":83},[69,64226,333],{"class":94},[69,64228,337],{"class":336},[69,64230,333],{"class":94},[69,64232,342],{"class":83},[14,64234,643],{},[60,64236,64238],{"className":62,"code":64237,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']\n",[17,64239,64240],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,64241,64242,64244,64246,64248,64250,64252,64254,64256,64258,64260,64262,64264,64266,64268,64270,64272,64274,64276,64278,64280,64282],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,64243,3739],{"class":83},[69,64245,488],{"class":94},[69,64247,60109],{"class":336},[69,64249,488],{"class":94},[69,64251,91],{"class":83},[69,64253,3161],{"class":94},[69,64255,60118],{"class":336},[69,64257,488],{"class":94},[69,64259,91],{"class":83},[69,64261,3161],{"class":94},[69,64263,60127],{"class":336},[69,64265,488],{"class":94},[69,64267,91],{"class":83},[69,64269,3161],{"class":94},[69,64271,60127],{"class":336},[69,64273,488],{"class":94},[69,64275,91],{"class":83},[69,64277,3161],{"class":94},[69,64279,60144],{"class":336},[69,64281,488],{"class":94},[69,64283,103],{"class":83},[14,64285,64286],{},"A string is iterable, so Python takes one character at a time.",[14,64288,64289],{},"If you want a list with one string item, write:",[60,64291,64293],{"className":62,"code":64292,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print([\"hello\"])\n",[17,64294,64295],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,64296,64297,64299,64301,64303,64305,64307],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,64298,110],{"class":109},[69,64300,260],{"class":83},[69,64302,333],{"class":94},[69,64304,337],{"class":336},[69,64306,333],{"class":94},[69,64308,3727],{"class":83},[1369,64310,64312],{"id":64311},"assuming-listdict-returns-values","Assuming list(dict) returns values",[14,64314,64315],{},"This:",[60,64317,64319],{"className":62,"code":64318,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(list(data))\n",[17,64320,64321,64353],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,64322,64323,64325,64327,64329,64331,64333,64335,64337,64339,64341,64343,64345,64347,64349,64351],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,64324,8801],{"class":75},[69,64326,80],{"class":79},[69,64328,10128],{"class":83},[69,64330,333],{"class":94},[69,64332,192],{"class":336},[69,64334,333],{"class":94},[69,64336,1044],{"class":83},[69,64338,272],{"class":87},[69,64340,91],{"class":83},[69,64342,964],{"class":94},[69,64344,4587],{"class":336},[69,64346,333],{"class":94},[69,64348,1044],{"class":83},[69,64350,316],{"class":87},[69,64352,8945],{"class":83},[69,64354,64355,64357,64359,64361,64363,64365],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,64356,110],{"class":109},[69,64358,113],{"class":83},[69,64360,7725],{"class":1126},[69,64362,113],{"class":83},[69,64364,8840],{"class":121},[69,64366,342],{"class":83},[14,64368,64369],{},"returns the keys, not the values.",[14,64371,132,64372,64375],{},[17,64373,64374],{},"list(data.values())"," if you want values.",[1369,64377,64379],{"id":64378},"thinking-list-makes-a-deep-copy","Thinking list() makes a deep copy",[14,64381,64382,64384],{},[17,64383,24433],{}," copies the outer list only.",[14,64386,64387],{},"If the list contains nested mutable items, those inner items are still shared.",[141,64389,1651],{"id":1650},[1369,64391,5006,64393,64395],{"id":64392},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-list",[69,64394],{}," and list()?",[14,64397,64398,64399,64401,64402,64404],{},"Both create a new empty list. ",[17,64400,434],{}," is shorter. ",[17,64403,24433],{}," is often used when converting another iterable.",[1369,64406,64408],{"id":64407},"why-does-listabc-split-the-string-into-characters","Why does list(\"abc\") split the string into characters?",[14,64410,64411,64412,64414],{},"A string is iterable, so ",[17,64413,24433],{}," takes each character one at a time.",[1369,64416,64418],{"id":64417},"what-does-list-return-for-a-dictionary","What does list() return for a dictionary?",[14,64420,64421],{},"It returns a list of the dictionary keys.",[1369,64423,64425],{"id":64424},"does-list-copy-a-list","Does list() copy a list?",[14,64427,64428],{},"Yes, but it makes a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[1369,64430,64432],{"id":64431},"why-does-list5-fail","Why does list(5) fail?",[14,64434,64435,64436,64438],{},"An integer is not iterable, so ",[17,64437,24433],{}," cannot loop through it.",[141,64440,1771],{"id":1770},[30,64442,64443,64447,64452,64456,64460,64464,64468,64473],{},[33,64444,64445],{},[192,64446,52440],{"href":50647},[33,64448,64449],{},[192,64450,64451],{"href":35855},"Python range() function explained",[33,64453,64454],{},[192,64455,62889],{"href":62888},[33,64457,64458],{},[192,64459,63221],{"href":63220},[33,64461,64462],{},[192,64463,1789],{"href":374},[33,64465,64466],{},[192,64467,13436],{"href":13435},[33,64469,64470],{},[192,64471,64472],{"href":52268},"How to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[33,64474,64475],{},[192,64476,53947],{"href":52717},[1802,64478,64479],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":64481},[64482,64483,64484,64485,64486,64493,64494,64495,64500,64501,64508,64516],{"id":1869,"depth":106,"text":1870},{"id":62591,"depth":106,"text":62592},{"id":2023,"depth":106,"text":2024},{"id":59290,"depth":106,"text":59291},{"id":62819,"depth":106,"text":62820,"children":64487},[64488,64489,64490,64491,64492],{"id":62823,"depth":300,"text":62824},{"id":62892,"depth":300,"text":62893},{"id":62970,"depth":300,"text":62971},{"id":63045,"depth":300,"text":63046},{"id":63112,"depth":300,"text":63113},{"id":63224,"depth":106,"text":63225},{"id":63360,"depth":106,"text":63361},{"id":63660,"depth":106,"text":63661,"children":64496},[64497,64498,64499],{"id":63669,"depth":300,"text":63670},{"id":63759,"depth":300,"text":63760},{"id":63853,"depth":300,"text":63854},{"id":63968,"depth":106,"text":63969},{"id":1361,"depth":106,"text":1362,"children":64502},[64503,64504,64506,64507],{"id":64135,"depth":300,"text":64136},{"id":64202,"depth":300,"text":64505},"Expecting list(\"hello\") to return \"hello\"",{"id":64311,"depth":300,"text":64312},{"id":64378,"depth":300,"text":64379},{"id":1650,"depth":106,"text":1651,"children":64509},[64510,64512,64513,64514,64515],{"id":64392,"depth":300,"text":64511},"What is the difference between  and list()?",{"id":64407,"depth":300,"text":64408},{"id":64417,"depth":300,"text":64418},{"id":64424,"depth":300,"text":64425},{"id":64431,"depth":300,"text":64432},{"id":1770,"depth":106,"text":1771},"Master python list function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained",{"title":62425,"description":64517},"reference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained","YS2GFSTuQJD-E7GkMfcZR7-V24TSmh15u2hjKR2n6nE",{"id":64524,"title":64525,"body":64526,"description":65877,"extension":1828,"meta":65878,"navigation":833,"path":65879,"seo":65880,"stem":65881,"__hash__":65882},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method.md","Python List index() Method",{"type":7,"value":64527,"toc":65851},[64528,64533,64539,64548,64550,64623,64632,64637,64641,64657,64661,64663,64665,64684,64687,64715,64718,64743,64751,64753,64758,64765,64767,64824,64826,64834,64840,64844,64847,64920,64922,64930,64933,64956,64963,64969,64973,64979,65050,65052,65060,65069,65076,65083,65091,65235,65237,65254,65257,65296,65299,65303,65308,65310,65369,65375,65378,65485,65487,65502,65505,65512,65514,65518,65666,65669,65730,65733,65736,65757,65762,65766,65777,65780,65782,65787,65790,65798,65803,65809,65812,65818,65826,65828,65848],[10,64529,54011,64531,10962],{"id":64530},"python-list-index-method",[17,64532,58638],{},[14,64534,64535,64538],{},[17,64536,64537],{},"list.index()"," finds the position of a value in a list.",[14,64540,64541,64542,64545,64546,25],{},"Use it when you have a list and want to know where a specific item appears. It returns the index of the ",[22,64543,64544],{},"first matching item",". If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[17,64547,40367],{},[141,64549,3473],{"id":3472},[60,64551,64553],{"className":62,"code":64552,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = items.index(\"banana\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[17,64554,64555,64587,64610],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,64556,64557,64559,64561,64563,64565,64567,64569,64571,64573,64575,64577,64579,64581,64583,64585],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,64558,7409],{"class":75},[69,64560,80],{"class":79},[69,64562,84],{"class":83},[69,64564,333],{"class":94},[69,64566,952],{"class":336},[69,64568,333],{"class":94},[69,64570,91],{"class":83},[69,64572,964],{"class":94},[69,64574,967],{"class":336},[69,64576,333],{"class":94},[69,64578,91],{"class":83},[69,64580,964],{"class":94},[69,64582,3930],{"class":336},[69,64584,333],{"class":94},[69,64586,103],{"class":83},[69,64588,64589,64592,64594,64596,64598,64600,64602,64604,64606,64608],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,64590,64591],{"class":75},"position ",[69,64593,80],{"class":79},[69,64595,783],{"class":75},[69,64597,25],{"class":83},[69,64599,35505],{"class":121},[69,64601,113],{"class":83},[69,64603,333],{"class":94},[69,64605,967],{"class":336},[69,64607,333],{"class":94},[69,64609,221],{"class":83},[69,64611,64612,64614,64616,64619,64621],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,64613,110],{"class":109},[69,64615,113],{"class":83},[69,64617,64618],{"class":121},"position",[69,64620,3525],{"class":83},[69,64622,27433],{"class":128},[14,64624,132,64625,64628,64629,64631],{},[17,64626,64627],{},"list.index(value)"," to get the position of the first matching item. It raises ",[17,64630,40367],{}," if the item is not found.",[141,64633,3540,64635,3543],{"id":64634},"what-listindex-does",[17,64636,64537],{},[14,64638,64639,1044],{},[17,64640,64537],{},[30,64642,64643,64646,64649,64654],{},[33,64644,64645],{},"Finds the position of a value in a list",[33,64647,64648],{},"Returns the index of the first matching item",[33,64650,64651,64652],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at position ",[17,64653,88],{},[33,64655,64656],{},"Works only if the value exists in the list",[14,64658,54236,64659,25],{},[192,64660,52440],{"href":54239},[141,64662,2024],{"id":2023},[14,64664,30380],{},[60,64666,64668],{"className":62,"code":64667,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_list.index(value)\n",[17,64669,64670],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,64671,64672,64674,64676,64678,64680,64682],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,64673,7971],{"class":75},[69,64675,25],{"class":83},[69,64677,35505],{"class":121},[69,64679,113],{"class":83},[69,64681,2339],{"class":121},[69,64683,221],{"class":83},[14,64685,64686],{},"You can also limit the search:",[60,64688,64690],{"className":62,"code":64689,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_list.index(value, start, end)\n",[17,64691,64692],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,64693,64694,64696,64698,64700,64702,64704,64706,64708,64710,64713],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,64695,7971],{"class":75},[69,64697,25],{"class":83},[69,64699,35505],{"class":121},[69,64701,113],{"class":83},[69,64703,2339],{"class":121},[69,64705,91],{"class":83},[69,64707,35711],{"class":121},[69,64709,91],{"class":83},[69,64711,64712],{"class":121}," end",[69,64714,221],{"class":83},[14,64716,64717],{},"Here is what each part means:",[30,64719,64720,64725,64730,64735],{},[33,64721,64722,64724],{},[17,64723,2339],{},": the item to search for",[33,64726,64727,64729],{},[17,64728,35732],{},": where the search begins",[33,64731,64732,64734],{},[17,64733,52329],{},": where the search stops",[33,64736,64737,4610,64739,64742],{},[17,64738,52329],{},[22,64740,64741],{},"not included"," in the search range",[14,64744,64745,64746,64748,64749,25],{},"This means Python searches from ",[17,64747,35732],{}," up to, but not including, ",[17,64750,52329],{},[141,64752,37682],{"id":37681},[14,64754,64755,64757],{},[17,64756,64537],{}," returns an integer.",[14,64759,64760,64761,64764],{},"That integer is the position of the ",[22,64762,64763],{},"first match"," in the list.",[14,64766,2076],{},[60,64768,64770],{"className":62,"code":64769,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = numbers.index(20)\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,64771,64772,64792,64810,64814],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,64773,64774,64776,64778,64780,64782,64784,64786,64788,64790],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,64775,801],{"class":75},[69,64777,80],{"class":79},[69,64779,84],{"class":83},[69,64781,2197],{"class":87},[69,64783,91],{"class":83},[69,64785,7420],{"class":87},[69,64787,91],{"class":83},[69,64789,7425],{"class":87},[69,64791,103],{"class":83},[69,64793,64794,64796,64798,64800,64802,64804,64806,64808],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,64795,839],{"class":75},[69,64797,80],{"class":79},[69,64799,865],{"class":75},[69,64801,25],{"class":83},[69,64803,35505],{"class":121},[69,64805,113],{"class":83},[69,64807,15401],{"class":87},[69,64809,221],{"class":83},[69,64811,64812],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,64813,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,64815,64816,64818,64820,64822],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,64817,110],{"class":109},[69,64819,113],{"class":83},[69,64821,876],{"class":121},[69,64823,221],{"class":83},[14,64825,643],{},[60,64827,64828],{"className":62,"code":46583,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,64829,64830],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,64831,64832],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,64833,46583],{"class":87},[14,64835,64836,64837,64839],{},"If the same value appears more than once, ",[17,64838,58638],{}," still returns only the first matching position.",[141,64841,64843],{"id":64842},"example-find-an-item-in-a-list","Example: find an item in a list",[14,64845,64846],{},"Here is a simple example with strings:",[60,64848,64850],{"className":62,"code":64849,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = fruits.index(\"cherry\")\n\nprint(position)\n",[17,64851,64852,64884,64906,64910],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,64853,64854,64856,64858,64860,64862,64864,64866,64868,64870,64872,64874,64876,64878,64880,64882],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,64855,35899],{"class":75},[69,64857,80],{"class":79},[69,64859,84],{"class":83},[69,64861,333],{"class":94},[69,64863,952],{"class":336},[69,64865,333],{"class":94},[69,64867,91],{"class":83},[69,64869,964],{"class":94},[69,64871,967],{"class":336},[69,64873,333],{"class":94},[69,64875,91],{"class":83},[69,64877,964],{"class":94},[69,64879,3930],{"class":336},[69,64881,333],{"class":94},[69,64883,103],{"class":83},[69,64885,64886,64888,64890,64892,64894,64896,64898,64900,64902,64904],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,64887,64591],{"class":75},[69,64889,80],{"class":79},[69,64891,52520],{"class":75},[69,64893,25],{"class":83},[69,64895,35505],{"class":121},[69,64897,113],{"class":83},[69,64899,333],{"class":94},[69,64901,3930],{"class":336},[69,64903,333],{"class":94},[69,64905,221],{"class":83},[69,64907,64908],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,64909,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,64911,64912,64914,64916,64918],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,64913,110],{"class":109},[69,64915,113],{"class":83},[69,64917,64618],{"class":121},[69,64919,221],{"class":83},[14,64921,643],{},[60,64923,64924],{"className":62,"code":16704,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,64925,64926],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,64927,64928],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,64929,16704],{"class":87},[14,64931,64932],{},"In this list:",[30,64934,64935,64942,64949],{},[33,64936,64937,64939,64940],{},[17,64938,57503],{}," is at index ",[17,64941,88],{},[33,64943,64944,64939,64947],{},[17,64945,64946],{},"\"banana\"",[17,64948,473],{},[33,64950,64951,64939,64954],{},[17,64952,64953],{},"\"cherry\"",[17,64955,821],{},[14,64957,53322,64958,678,64961,25],{},[17,64959,64960],{},"fruits.index(\"cherry\")",[17,64962,821],{},[14,64964,51211,64965,25],{},[192,64966,64968],{"href":64967},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python","how to find an item in a list in Python",[141,64970,64972],{"id":64971},"example-list-with-duplicate-values","Example: list with duplicate values",[14,64974,64975,64976,64978],{},"If a list contains the same value more than once, ",[17,64977,58638],{}," returns the first match only.",[60,64980,64982],{"className":62,"code":64981,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\n\nprint(colors.index(\"red\"))\n",[17,64983,64984,65024,65028],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,64985,64986,64988,64990,64992,64994,64996,64998,65000,65002,65004,65006,65008,65010,65012,65014,65016,65018,65020,65022],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,64987,12720],{"class":75},[69,64989,80],{"class":79},[69,64991,84],{"class":83},[69,64993,333],{"class":94},[69,64995,12737],{"class":336},[69,64997,333],{"class":94},[69,64999,91],{"class":83},[69,65001,964],{"class":94},[69,65003,12754],{"class":336},[69,65005,333],{"class":94},[69,65007,91],{"class":83},[69,65009,964],{"class":94},[69,65011,12737],{"class":336},[69,65013,333],{"class":94},[69,65015,91],{"class":83},[69,65017,964],{"class":94},[69,65019,17104],{"class":336},[69,65021,333],{"class":94},[69,65023,103],{"class":83},[69,65025,65026],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,65027,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,65029,65030,65032,65034,65036,65038,65040,65042,65044,65046,65048],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,65031,110],{"class":109},[69,65033,113],{"class":83},[69,65035,17151],{"class":121},[69,65037,25],{"class":83},[69,65039,35505],{"class":121},[69,65041,113],{"class":83},[69,65043,333],{"class":94},[69,65045,12737],{"class":336},[69,65047,333],{"class":94},[69,65049,342],{"class":83},[14,65051,643],{},[60,65053,65054],{"className":62,"code":46918,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,65055,65056],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,65057,65058],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,65059,46918],{"class":87},[14,65061,20628,65062,65065,65066,65068],{},[17,65063,65064],{},"\"red\""," appears again later, Python returns ",[17,65067,88],{}," because that is the first matching position.",[14,65070,65071,65072,25],{},"If you need to count how many times a value appears, use ",[192,65073,55189,65074,10379],{"href":58697},[17,65075,56960],{},[141,65077,8050,65079,587,65081],{"id":65078},"using-start-and-end",[17,65080,35732],{},[17,65082,52329],{},[14,65084,65085,65086,587,65088,65090],{},"The optional ",[17,65087,35732],{},[17,65089,52329],{}," arguments let you search only part of a list.",[60,65092,65094],{"className":62,"code":65093,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\"]\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # first match\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # search starting at index 2\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4))  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[17,65095,65096,65144,65148,65173,65202],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,65097,65098,65100,65102,65104,65106,65108,65110,65112,65114,65116,65118,65120,65122,65124,65126,65128,65130,65132,65134,65136,65138,65140,65142],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,65099,35750],{"class":75},[69,65101,80],{"class":79},[69,65103,84],{"class":83},[69,65105,333],{"class":94},[69,65107,192],{"class":336},[69,65109,333],{"class":94},[69,65111,91],{"class":83},[69,65113,964],{"class":94},[69,65115,4587],{"class":336},[69,65117,333],{"class":94},[69,65119,91],{"class":83},[69,65121,964],{"class":94},[69,65123,9376],{"class":336},[69,65125,333],{"class":94},[69,65127,91],{"class":83},[69,65129,964],{"class":94},[69,65131,4587],{"class":336},[69,65133,333],{"class":94},[69,65135,91],{"class":83},[69,65137,964],{"class":94},[69,65139,18417],{"class":336},[69,65141,333],{"class":94},[69,65143,103],{"class":83},[69,65145,65146],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,65147,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,65149,65150,65152,65154,65156,65158,65160,65162,65164,65166,65168,65170],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,65151,110],{"class":109},[69,65153,113],{"class":83},[69,65155,35803],{"class":121},[69,65157,25],{"class":83},[69,65159,35505],{"class":121},[69,65161,113],{"class":83},[69,65163,333],{"class":94},[69,65165,4587],{"class":336},[69,65167,333],{"class":94},[69,65169,125],{"class":83},[69,65171,65172],{"class":128},"        # first match\n",[69,65174,65175,65177,65179,65181,65183,65185,65187,65189,65191,65193,65195,65197,65199],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,65176,110],{"class":109},[69,65178,113],{"class":83},[69,65180,35803],{"class":121},[69,65182,25],{"class":83},[69,65184,35505],{"class":121},[69,65186,113],{"class":83},[69,65188,333],{"class":94},[69,65190,4587],{"class":336},[69,65192,333],{"class":94},[69,65194,91],{"class":83},[69,65196,316],{"class":87},[69,65198,125],{"class":83},[69,65200,65201],{"class":128},"     # search starting at index 2\n",[69,65203,65204,65206,65208,65210,65212,65214,65216,65218,65220,65222,65224,65226,65228,65230,65232],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,65205,110],{"class":109},[69,65207,113],{"class":83},[69,65209,35803],{"class":121},[69,65211,25],{"class":83},[69,65213,35505],{"class":121},[69,65215,113],{"class":83},[69,65217,333],{"class":94},[69,65219,4587],{"class":336},[69,65221,333],{"class":94},[69,65223,91],{"class":83},[69,65225,272],{"class":87},[69,65227,91],{"class":83},[69,65229,2323],{"class":87},[69,65231,125],{"class":83},[69,65233,65234],{"class":128},"  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[14,65236,643],{},[60,65238,65240],{"className":62,"code":65239,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"1\n3\n1\n",[17,65241,65242,65246,65250],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,65243,65244],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,65245,46583],{"class":87},[69,65247,65248],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,65249,46283],{"class":87},[69,65251,65252],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,65253,46583],{"class":87},[14,65255,65256],{},"How this works:",[30,65258,65259,65271,65284],{},[33,65260,65261,65264,65265,65268,65269],{},[17,65262,65263],{},"letters.index(\"b\")"," searches the whole list and returns the first ",[17,65266,65267],{},"\"b\""," at index ",[17,65270,473],{},[33,65272,65273,65276,65277,65279,65280,65268,65282],{},[17,65274,65275],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 2)"," starts searching at index ",[17,65278,821],{},", so it finds the next ",[17,65281,65267],{},[17,65283,1929],{},[33,65285,65286,65289,65290,2057,65292,16720,65294],{},[17,65287,65288],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4)"," searches indexes ",[17,65291,473],{},[17,65293,821],{},[17,65295,1929],{},[14,65297,65298],{},"This is useful when you want to skip earlier items and find a later match.",[141,65300,65302],{"id":65301},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-missing","What happens if the value is missing",[14,65304,65305,65306,25],{},"If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[17,65307,40367],{},[14,65309,2076],{},[60,65311,65313],{"className":62,"code":65312,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(items.index(\"orange\"))\n",[17,65314,65315,65347],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,65316,65317,65319,65321,65323,65325,65327,65329,65331,65333,65335,65337,65339,65341,65343,65345],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,65318,7409],{"class":75},[69,65320,80],{"class":79},[69,65322,84],{"class":83},[69,65324,333],{"class":94},[69,65326,952],{"class":336},[69,65328,333],{"class":94},[69,65330,91],{"class":83},[69,65332,964],{"class":94},[69,65334,967],{"class":336},[69,65336,333],{"class":94},[69,65338,91],{"class":83},[69,65340,964],{"class":94},[69,65342,3930],{"class":336},[69,65344,333],{"class":94},[69,65346,103],{"class":83},[69,65348,65349,65351,65353,65355,65357,65359,65361,65363,65365,65367],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,65350,110],{"class":109},[69,65352,113],{"class":83},[69,65354,7440],{"class":121},[69,65356,25],{"class":83},[69,65358,35505],{"class":121},[69,65360,113],{"class":83},[69,65362,333],{"class":94},[69,65364,32877],{"class":336},[69,65366,333],{"class":94},[69,65368,342],{"class":83},[14,65370,39316,65371,65374],{},[17,65372,65373],{},"\"orange\""," is not in the list.",[14,65376,65377],{},"A safer approach is to check first:",[60,65379,65381],{"className":62,"code":65380,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nsearch_value = \"orange\"\n\nif search_value in items:\n    print(items.index(search_value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Item not found\")\n",[17,65382,65383,65415,65428,65432,65445,65464,65470],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,65384,65385,65387,65389,65391,65393,65395,65397,65399,65401,65403,65405,65407,65409,65411,65413],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,65386,7409],{"class":75},[69,65388,80],{"class":79},[69,65390,84],{"class":83},[69,65392,333],{"class":94},[69,65394,952],{"class":336},[69,65396,333],{"class":94},[69,65398,91],{"class":83},[69,65400,964],{"class":94},[69,65402,967],{"class":336},[69,65404,333],{"class":94},[69,65406,91],{"class":83},[69,65408,964],{"class":94},[69,65410,3930],{"class":336},[69,65412,333],{"class":94},[69,65414,103],{"class":83},[69,65416,65417,65420,65422,65424,65426],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,65418,65419],{"class":75},"search_value ",[69,65421,80],{"class":79},[69,65423,964],{"class":94},[69,65425,32877],{"class":336},[69,65427,3224],{"class":94},[69,65429,65430],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,65431,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,65433,65434,65436,65439,65441,65443],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,65435,6625],{"class":773},[69,65437,65438],{"class":75}," search_value ",[69,65440,780],{"class":79},[69,65442,783],{"class":75},[69,65444,1235],{"class":83},[69,65446,65447,65449,65451,65453,65455,65457,65459,65462],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,65448,7700],{"class":109},[69,65450,113],{"class":83},[69,65452,7440],{"class":121},[69,65454,25],{"class":83},[69,65456,35505],{"class":121},[69,65458,113],{"class":83},[69,65460,65461],{"class":121},"search_value",[69,65463,342],{"class":83},[69,65465,65466,65468],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,65467,27087],{"class":773},[69,65469,1235],{"class":83},[69,65471,65472,65474,65476,65478,65481,65483],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,65473,7700],{"class":109},[69,65475,113],{"class":83},[69,65477,333],{"class":94},[69,65479,65480],{"class":336},"Item not found",[69,65482,333],{"class":94},[69,65484,221],{"class":83},[14,65486,643],{},[60,65488,65490],{"className":62,"code":65489,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Item not found\n",[17,65491,65492],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,65493,65494,65497,65499],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,65495,65496],{"class":75},"Item ",[69,65498,4457],{"class":79},[69,65500,65501],{"class":75}," found\n",[14,65503,65504],{},"This avoids the error and makes your code easier to understand.",[14,65506,65507,65508,25],{},"If you want more help with this kind of problem, see ",[192,65509,65511],{"href":65510},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes","ValueError in Python: causes and fixes",[141,65513,1362],{"id":1361},[14,65515,20862,65516,1044],{},[17,65517,64537],{},[30,65519,65520,65538,65550,65610],{},[33,65521,25427,65522,678,65524,65527,65528,65530,65531,4987,65533,65535,65536,25],{},[17,65523,58638],{},[17,65525,65526],{},"-1"," if the item is missing",[9483,65529],{},"\nPython does ",[22,65532,4457],{},[17,65534,65526],{},". It raises ",[17,65537,40367],{},[33,65539,65540,65541,65543,65546,65547,65549],{},"Confusing the item value with the item position",[9483,65542],{},[17,65544,65545],{},"my_list.index(\"banana\")"," returns the position of ",[17,65548,64946],{},", not the value itself.",[33,65551,8050,65552,10731,65555,65557,65559,65560,16303,65562,65585,16291,65587],{},[17,65553,65554],{},"index[]",[17,65556,58638],{},[9483,65558],{},"\nThis is a method call, so you must use parentheses.",[9483,65561],{},[60,65563,65565],{"className":62,"code":65564,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items.index(\"banana\")\n",[17,65566,65567],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,65568,65569,65571,65573,65575,65577,65579,65581,65583],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,65570,7440],{"class":75},[69,65572,25],{"class":83},[69,65574,35505],{"class":121},[69,65576,113],{"class":83},[69,65578,333],{"class":94},[69,65580,967],{"class":336},[69,65582,333],{"class":94},[69,65584,221],{"class":83},[9483,65586],{},[60,65588,65590],{"className":62,"code":65589,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items.index[\"banana\"]\n",[17,65591,65592],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,65593,65594,65596,65598,65600,65602,65604,65606,65608],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,65595,7440],{"class":75},[69,65597,25],{"class":83},[69,65599,35505],{"class":24402},[69,65601,3739],{"class":83},[69,65603,333],{"class":94},[69,65605,967],{"class":336},[69,65607,333],{"class":94},[69,65609,103],{"class":83},[33,65611,65612,65613,65615,587,65618,65620,65621],{},"Searching with the wrong type",[9483,65614],{},[17,65616,65617],{},"\"3\"",[17,65619,1929],{}," are different values in Python.",[60,65622,65624],{"className":62,"code":65623,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\"3\" in numbers)  # False\n",[17,65625,65626,65646],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,65627,65628,65630,65632,65634,65636,65638,65640,65642,65644],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,65629,801],{"class":75},[69,65631,80],{"class":79},[69,65633,84],{"class":83},[69,65635,473],{"class":87},[69,65637,91],{"class":83},[69,65639,316],{"class":87},[69,65641,91],{"class":83},[69,65643,516],{"class":87},[69,65645,103],{"class":83},[69,65647,65648,65650,65652,65654,65656,65658,65660,65662,65664],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,65649,110],{"class":109},[69,65651,113],{"class":83},[69,65653,333],{"class":94},[69,65655,1929],{"class":336},[69,65657,333],{"class":94},[69,65659,20824],{"class":773},[69,65661,865],{"class":121},[69,65663,3525],{"class":83},[69,65665,4598],{"class":128},[14,65667,65668],{},"If your code is not working, these quick checks can help:",[60,65670,65672],{"className":62,"code":65671,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(search_value))\nprint(search_value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.index(search_value))\n",[17,65673,65674,65684,65698,65712],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,65675,65676,65678,65680,65682],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,65677,110],{"class":109},[69,65679,113],{"class":83},[69,65681,7971],{"class":121},[69,65683,221],{"class":83},[69,65685,65686,65688,65690,65692,65694,65696],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,65687,110],{"class":109},[69,65689,113],{"class":83},[69,65691,3087],{"class":1126},[69,65693,113],{"class":83},[69,65695,65461],{"class":121},[69,65697,342],{"class":83},[69,65699,65700,65702,65704,65706,65708,65710],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,65701,110],{"class":109},[69,65703,113],{"class":83},[69,65705,65419],{"class":121},[69,65707,780],{"class":773},[69,65709,8028],{"class":121},[69,65711,221],{"class":83},[69,65713,65714,65716,65718,65720,65722,65724,65726,65728],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,65715,110],{"class":109},[69,65717,113],{"class":83},[69,65719,7971],{"class":121},[69,65721,25],{"class":83},[69,65723,35505],{"class":121},[69,65725,113],{"class":83},[69,65727,65461],{"class":121},[69,65729,342],{"class":83},[14,65731,65732],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will still raise an error if the value is missing.",[14,65734,65735],{},"Common causes of problems include:",[30,65737,65738,65741,65748,65754],{},[33,65739,65740],{},"The searched value is not in the list",[33,65742,65743,65744,10731,65746],{},"The value exists but has a different type, such as ",[17,65745,65617],{},[17,65747,1929],{},[33,65749,65750,65751,65753],{},"The code expects all matches, but ",[17,65752,58638],{}," returns only the first one",[33,65755,65756],{},"Parentheses were forgotten when calling the method",[141,65758,4788,65760],{"id":65759},"when-to-use-index",[17,65761,58638],{},[14,65763,132,65764,10239],{},[17,65765,58638],{},[30,65767,65768,65771,65774],{},[33,65769,65770],{},"You need the position of a known value",[33,65772,65773],{},"You are working with a small list",[33,65775,65776],{},"You only need the first matching position",[14,65778,65779],{},"Do not use it when you need every matching position. In that case, a loop or list comprehension is a better choice.",[141,65781,1651],{"id":1650},[1369,65783,4969,65785,4972],{"id":65784},"what-does-listindex-return-in-python",[17,65786,64537],{},[14,65788,65789],{},"It returns the index of the first matching item in the list.",[1369,65791,12347,65793,4987,65795,65797],{"id":65792},"does-listindex-return-1-if-the-value-is-not-found",[17,65794,64537],{},[17,65796,65526],{}," if the value is not found?",[14,65799,65800,65801,1481],{},"No. It raises ",[17,65802,40367],{},[1369,65804,4996,65806,65808],{"id":65805},"can-listindex-find-all-matching-items",[17,65807,64537],{}," find all matching items?",[14,65810,65811],{},"No. It returns only the first match.",[1369,65813,65815,65816,2359],{"id":65814},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-list-with-index","Can I search only part of a list with ",[17,65817,58638],{},[14,65819,65820,65821,587,65823,65825],{},"Yes. You can use the optional ",[17,65822,35732],{},[17,65824,52329],{}," arguments.",[141,65827,1771],{"id":1770},[30,65829,65830,65834,65838,65842],{},[33,65831,65832],{},[192,65833,58626],{"href":64967},[33,65835,65836],{},[192,65837,52440],{"href":54239},[33,65839,65840],{},[192,65841,65511],{"href":65510},[33,65843,65844],{},[192,65845,55189,65846,10379],{"href":58697},[17,65847,56960],{},[1802,65849,65850],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":65852},[65853,65854,65856,65857,65858,65859,65860,65862,65863,65864,65866,65876],{"id":3472,"depth":106,"text":3473},{"id":64634,"depth":106,"text":65855},"What list.index() does",{"id":2023,"depth":106,"text":2024},{"id":37681,"depth":106,"text":37682},{"id":64842,"depth":106,"text":64843},{"id":64971,"depth":106,"text":64972},{"id":65078,"depth":106,"text":65861},"Using start and end",{"id":65301,"depth":106,"text":65302},{"id":1361,"depth":106,"text":1362},{"id":65759,"depth":106,"text":65865},"When to use index()",{"id":1650,"depth":106,"text":1651,"children":65867},[65868,65870,65872,65874],{"id":65784,"depth":300,"text":65869},"What does list.index() return in Python?",{"id":65792,"depth":300,"text":65871},"Does list.index() return -1 if the value is not found?",{"id":65805,"depth":300,"text":65873},"Can list.index() find all matching items?",{"id":65814,"depth":300,"text":65875},"Can I search only part of a list with index()?",{"id":1770,"depth":106,"text":1771},"Master python list index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method",{"title":64525,"description":65877},"reference\u002Fpython-list-index-method","AmwxQ3VBBVSHTCmxaOPqq2Gy26F_doVR46oMWCVmI50",{"id":65884,"title":65885,"body":65886,"description":67828,"extension":1828,"meta":67829,"navigation":833,"path":67830,"seo":67831,"stem":67832,"__hash__":67833},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method.md","Python List insert() Method",{"type":7,"value":65887,"toc":67788},[65888,65893,65898,65901,65910,65967,65973,65978,65982,65996,66002,66004,66027,66044,66046,66107,66109,66141,66154,66156,66159,66259,66261,66339,66345,66349,66357,66361,66367,66422,66424,66448,66452,66455,66508,66510,66534,66538,66541,66594,66596,66620,66624,66630,66701,66703,66744,66750,66757,66760,66765,66773,66778,66786,66788,66885,66887,66956,66963,66968,66970,66974,66979,66981,67052,67054,67083,67089,67091,67118,67121,67144,67148,67151,67173,67176,67199,67201,67261,67263,67295,67301,67306,67359,67361,67386,67389,67438,67440,67461,67465,67470,67473,67528,67530,67557,67564,67568,67573,67644,67647,67661,67666,67671,67673,67687,67699,67704,67706,67711,67716,67720,67723,67729,67735,67742,67750,67752,67785],[10,65889,54011,65891,10962],{"id":65890},"python-list-insert-method",[17,65892,53937],{},[14,65894,65895,65897],{},[17,65896,53580],{}," adds an item to a list at a specific position.",[14,65899,65900],{},"This method is useful when the position matters. For example, you may want to add a new value at the beginning of a list, in the middle, or just before the last item.",[14,65902,132,65903,65905,65906,25],{},[17,65904,53937],{}," when you need to place an item at a chosen index. If you only want to add an item at the end, see the ",[192,65907,55189,65908,10379],{"href":56438},[17,65909,52321],{},[60,65911,65913],{"className":62,"code":65912,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 4]\nnumbers.insert(2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[17,65914,65915,65935,65953,65963],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,65916,65917,65919,65921,65923,65925,65927,65929,65931,65933],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,65918,801],{"class":75},[69,65920,80],{"class":79},[69,65922,84],{"class":83},[69,65924,473],{"class":87},[69,65926,91],{"class":83},[69,65928,316],{"class":87},[69,65930,91],{"class":83},[69,65932,2323],{"class":87},[69,65934,103],{"class":83},[69,65936,65937,65939,65941,65943,65945,65947,65949,65951],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,65938,3512],{"class":75},[69,65940,25],{"class":83},[69,65942,53620],{"class":121},[69,65944,113],{"class":83},[69,65946,821],{"class":87},[69,65948,91],{"class":83},[69,65950,516],{"class":87},[69,65952,221],{"class":83},[69,65954,65955,65957,65959,65961],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,65956,110],{"class":109},[69,65958,113],{"class":83},[69,65960,3512],{"class":121},[69,65962,221],{"class":83},[69,65964,65965],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,65966,52392],{"class":128},[14,65968,132,65969,65972],{},[17,65970,65971],{},"list.insert(index, value)"," to add an item at a specific position.",[141,65974,3540,65976,3543],{"id":65975},"what-listinsert-does",[17,65977,53580],{},[14,65979,65980,1044],{},[17,65981,53580],{},[30,65983,65984,65987,65990,65992],{},[33,65985,65986],{},"Adds one item into a list at a chosen position",[33,65988,65989],{},"Shifts existing items to the right",[33,65991,54097],{},[33,65993,11064,65994],{},[17,65995,449],{},[14,65997,65998,65999,66001],{},"That last point is important. ",[17,66000,53937],{}," does not create a new list.",[141,66003,201],{"id":200},[60,66005,66007],{"className":62,"code":66006,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_list.insert(index, item)\n",[17,66008,66009],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,66010,66011,66013,66015,66017,66019,66021,66023,66025],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,66012,7971],{"class":75},[69,66014,25],{"class":83},[69,66016,53620],{"class":121},[69,66018,113],{"class":83},[69,66020,35505],{"class":121},[69,66022,91],{"class":83},[69,66024,29161],{"class":121},[69,66026,221],{"class":83},[30,66028,66029,66034,66039],{},[33,66030,66031,66033],{},[17,66032,35505],{}," is the position where the new item should go",[33,66035,66036,66038],{},[17,66037,22962],{}," is the value to add",[33,66040,66041,66042],{},"The first list position is index ",[17,66043,88],{},[14,66045,2076],{},[60,66047,66049],{"className":62,"code":66048,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[17,66050,66051,66075,66097],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,66052,66053,66055,66057,66059,66061,66063,66065,66067,66069,66071,66073],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,66054,35750],{"class":75},[69,66056,80],{"class":79},[69,66058,84],{"class":83},[69,66060,333],{"class":94},[69,66062,192],{"class":336},[69,66064,333],{"class":94},[69,66066,91],{"class":83},[69,66068,964],{"class":94},[69,66070,9376],{"class":336},[69,66072,333],{"class":94},[69,66074,103],{"class":83},[69,66076,66077,66079,66081,66083,66085,66087,66089,66091,66093,66095],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,66078,35803],{"class":75},[69,66080,25],{"class":83},[69,66082,53620],{"class":121},[69,66084,113],{"class":83},[69,66086,473],{"class":87},[69,66088,91],{"class":83},[69,66090,964],{"class":94},[69,66092,4587],{"class":336},[69,66094,333],{"class":94},[69,66096,221],{"class":83},[69,66098,66099,66101,66103,66105],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,66100,110],{"class":109},[69,66102,113],{"class":83},[69,66104,35803],{"class":121},[69,66106,221],{"class":83},[14,66108,643],{},[60,66110,66111],{"className":62,"code":42540,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,66112,66113],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,66114,66115,66117,66119,66121,66123,66125,66127,66129,66131,66133,66135,66137,66139],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,66116,3739],{"class":83},[69,66118,488],{"class":94},[69,66120,192],{"class":336},[69,66122,488],{"class":94},[69,66124,91],{"class":83},[69,66126,3161],{"class":94},[69,66128,4587],{"class":336},[69,66130,488],{"class":94},[69,66132,91],{"class":83},[69,66134,3161],{"class":94},[69,66136,9376],{"class":336},[69,66138,488],{"class":94},[69,66140,103],{"class":83},[14,66142,20421,66143,66145,66146,66148,66149,587,66151,25],{},[17,66144,65267],{}," is inserted at index ",[17,66147,473],{},", so it appears between ",[17,66150,17745],{},[17,66152,66153],{},"\"c\"",[141,66155,598],{"id":597},[14,66157,66158],{},"Here is a simple before-and-after example:",[60,66160,66162],{"className":62,"code":66161,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\"Before:\", colors)\n\ncolors.insert(1, \"yellow\")\nprint(\"After: \", colors)\n",[17,66163,66164,66196,66214,66218,66240],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,66165,66166,66168,66170,66172,66174,66176,66178,66180,66182,66184,66186,66188,66190,66192,66194],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,66167,12720],{"class":75},[69,66169,80],{"class":79},[69,66171,84],{"class":83},[69,66173,333],{"class":94},[69,66175,12737],{"class":336},[69,66177,333],{"class":94},[69,66179,91],{"class":83},[69,66181,964],{"class":94},[69,66183,12754],{"class":336},[69,66185,333],{"class":94},[69,66187,91],{"class":83},[69,66189,964],{"class":94},[69,66191,17104],{"class":336},[69,66193,333],{"class":94},[69,66195,103],{"class":83},[69,66197,66198,66200,66202,66204,66206,66208,66210,66212],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,66199,110],{"class":109},[69,66201,113],{"class":83},[69,66203,333],{"class":94},[69,66205,11205],{"class":336},[69,66207,333],{"class":94},[69,66209,91],{"class":83},[69,66211,12768],{"class":121},[69,66213,221],{"class":83},[69,66215,66216],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,66217,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,66219,66220,66222,66224,66226,66228,66230,66232,66234,66236,66238],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,66221,17151],{"class":75},[69,66223,25],{"class":83},[69,66225,53620],{"class":121},[69,66227,113],{"class":83},[69,66229,473],{"class":87},[69,66231,91],{"class":83},[69,66233,964],{"class":94},[69,66235,22175],{"class":336},[69,66237,333],{"class":94},[69,66239,221],{"class":83},[69,66241,66242,66244,66246,66248,66251,66253,66255,66257],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,66243,110],{"class":109},[69,66245,113],{"class":83},[69,66247,333],{"class":94},[69,66249,66250],{"class":336},"After: ",[69,66252,333],{"class":94},[69,66254,91],{"class":83},[69,66256,12768],{"class":121},[69,66258,221],{"class":83},[14,66260,643],{},[60,66262,66264],{"className":62,"code":66263,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Before: ['red', 'blue', 'green']\nAfter:  ['red', 'yellow', 'blue', 'green']\n",[17,66265,66266,66298],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,66267,66268,66270,66272,66274,66276,66278,66280,66282,66284,66286,66288,66290,66292,66294,66296],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,66269,11265],{"class":75},[69,66271,1044],{"class":83},[69,66273,84],{"class":83},[69,66275,488],{"class":94},[69,66277,12737],{"class":336},[69,66279,488],{"class":94},[69,66281,91],{"class":83},[69,66283,3161],{"class":94},[69,66285,12754],{"class":336},[69,66287,488],{"class":94},[69,66289,91],{"class":83},[69,66291,3161],{"class":94},[69,66293,17104],{"class":336},[69,66295,488],{"class":94},[69,66297,103],{"class":83},[69,66299,66300,66302,66304,66307,66309,66311,66313,66315,66317,66319,66321,66323,66325,66327,66329,66331,66333,66335,66337],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,66301,11318],{"class":75},[69,66303,1044],{"class":83},[69,66305,66306],{"class":83},"  [",[69,66308,488],{"class":94},[69,66310,12737],{"class":336},[69,66312,488],{"class":94},[69,66314,91],{"class":83},[69,66316,3161],{"class":94},[69,66318,22175],{"class":336},[69,66320,488],{"class":94},[69,66322,91],{"class":83},[69,66324,3161],{"class":94},[69,66326,12754],{"class":336},[69,66328,488],{"class":94},[69,66330,91],{"class":83},[69,66332,3161],{"class":94},[69,66334,17104],{"class":336},[69,66336,488],{"class":94},[69,66338,103],{"class":83},[14,66340,66341,66342,66344],{},"The new value appears at index ",[17,66343,473],{},". The existing items from that position onward move one place to the right.",[141,66346,66348],{"id":66347},"how-the-index-works","How the index works",[14,66350,1845,66351,34988,66353,66356],{},[17,66352,35505],{},[17,66354,66355],{},"insert(index, item)"," controls where the new item is placed.",[1369,66358,66360],{"id":66359},"insert-at-the-beginning","Insert at the beginning",[14,66362,66363,66364,66366],{},"Use index ",[17,66365,88],{}," to add an item at the start of the list.",[60,66368,66370],{"className":62,"code":66369,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"nums = [2, 3, 4]\nnums.insert(0, 1)\nprint(nums)\n",[17,66371,66372,66393,66412],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,66373,66374,66377,66379,66381,66383,66385,66387,66389,66391],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,66375,66376],{"class":75},"nums ",[69,66378,80],{"class":79},[69,66380,84],{"class":83},[69,66382,821],{"class":87},[69,66384,91],{"class":83},[69,66386,516],{"class":87},[69,66388,91],{"class":83},[69,66390,2323],{"class":87},[69,66392,103],{"class":83},[69,66394,66395,66398,66400,66402,66404,66406,66408,66410],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,66396,66397],{"class":75},"nums",[69,66399,25],{"class":83},[69,66401,53620],{"class":121},[69,66403,113],{"class":83},[69,66405,88],{"class":87},[69,66407,91],{"class":83},[69,66409,272],{"class":87},[69,66411,221],{"class":83},[69,66413,66414,66416,66418,66420],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,66415,110],{"class":109},[69,66417,113],{"class":83},[69,66419,66397],{"class":121},[69,66421,221],{"class":83},[14,66423,643],{},[60,66425,66426],{"className":62,"code":53174,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,66427,66428],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,66429,66430,66432,66434,66436,66438,66440,66442,66444,66446],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,66431,3739],{"class":83},[69,66433,473],{"class":87},[69,66435,91],{"class":83},[69,66437,316],{"class":87},[69,66439,91],{"class":83},[69,66441,516],{"class":87},[69,66443,91],{"class":83},[69,66445,2323],{"class":87},[69,66447,103],{"class":83},[1369,66449,66451],{"id":66450},"insert-in-the-middle","Insert in the middle",[14,66453,66454],{},"A middle index inserts between existing items.",[60,66456,66458],{"className":62,"code":66457,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"nums = [1, 2, 4]\nnums.insert(2, 3)\nprint(nums)\n",[17,66459,66460,66480,66498],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,66461,66462,66464,66466,66468,66470,66472,66474,66476,66478],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,66463,66376],{"class":75},[69,66465,80],{"class":79},[69,66467,84],{"class":83},[69,66469,473],{"class":87},[69,66471,91],{"class":83},[69,66473,316],{"class":87},[69,66475,91],{"class":83},[69,66477,2323],{"class":87},[69,66479,103],{"class":83},[69,66481,66482,66484,66486,66488,66490,66492,66494,66496],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,66483,66397],{"class":75},[69,66485,25],{"class":83},[69,66487,53620],{"class":121},[69,66489,113],{"class":83},[69,66491,821],{"class":87},[69,66493,91],{"class":83},[69,66495,516],{"class":87},[69,66497,221],{"class":83},[69,66499,66500,66502,66504,66506],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,66501,110],{"class":109},[69,66503,113],{"class":83},[69,66505,66397],{"class":121},[69,66507,221],{"class":83},[14,66509,643],{},[60,66511,66512],{"className":62,"code":53174,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,66513,66514],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,66515,66516,66518,66520,66522,66524,66526,66528,66530,66532],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,66517,3739],{"class":83},[69,66519,473],{"class":87},[69,66521,91],{"class":83},[69,66523,316],{"class":87},[69,66525,91],{"class":83},[69,66527,516],{"class":87},[69,66529,91],{"class":83},[69,66531,2323],{"class":87},[69,66533,103],{"class":83},[1369,66535,66537],{"id":66536},"insert-past-the-end","Insert past the end",[14,66539,66540],{},"If the index is greater than the list length, Python adds the item at the end.",[60,66542,66544],{"className":62,"code":66543,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"nums = [1, 2, 3]\nnums.insert(10, 4)\nprint(nums)\n",[17,66545,66546,66566,66584],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,66547,66548,66550,66552,66554,66556,66558,66560,66562,66564],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,66549,66376],{"class":75},[69,66551,80],{"class":79},[69,66553,84],{"class":83},[69,66555,473],{"class":87},[69,66557,91],{"class":83},[69,66559,316],{"class":87},[69,66561,91],{"class":83},[69,66563,516],{"class":87},[69,66565,103],{"class":83},[69,66567,66568,66570,66572,66574,66576,66578,66580,66582],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,66569,66397],{"class":75},[69,66571,25],{"class":83},[69,66573,53620],{"class":121},[69,66575,113],{"class":83},[69,66577,2197],{"class":87},[69,66579,91],{"class":83},[69,66581,2323],{"class":87},[69,66583,221],{"class":83},[69,66585,66586,66588,66590,66592],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,66587,110],{"class":109},[69,66589,113],{"class":83},[69,66591,66397],{"class":121},[69,66593,221],{"class":83},[14,66595,643],{},[60,66597,66598],{"className":62,"code":53174,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,66599,66600],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,66601,66602,66604,66606,66608,66610,66612,66614,66616,66618],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,66603,3739],{"class":83},[69,66605,473],{"class":87},[69,66607,91],{"class":83},[69,66609,316],{"class":87},[69,66611,91],{"class":83},[69,66613,516],{"class":87},[69,66615,91],{"class":83},[69,66617,2323],{"class":87},[69,66619,103],{"class":83},[1369,66621,66623],{"id":66622},"use-a-negative-index","Use a negative index",[14,66625,66626,66627,66629],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. ",[17,66628,53937],{}," places the item before that position.",[60,66631,66633],{"className":62,"code":66632,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"d\"]\nletters.insert(-1, \"c\")\nprint(letters)\n",[17,66634,66635,66667,66691],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,66636,66637,66639,66641,66643,66645,66647,66649,66651,66653,66655,66657,66659,66661,66663,66665],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,66638,35750],{"class":75},[69,66640,80],{"class":79},[69,66642,84],{"class":83},[69,66644,333],{"class":94},[69,66646,192],{"class":336},[69,66648,333],{"class":94},[69,66650,91],{"class":83},[69,66652,964],{"class":94},[69,66654,4587],{"class":336},[69,66656,333],{"class":94},[69,66658,91],{"class":83},[69,66660,964],{"class":94},[69,66662,18417],{"class":336},[69,66664,333],{"class":94},[69,66666,103],{"class":83},[69,66668,66669,66671,66673,66675,66677,66679,66681,66683,66685,66687,66689],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,66670,35803],{"class":75},[69,66672,25],{"class":83},[69,66674,53620],{"class":121},[69,66676,113],{"class":83},[69,66678,1889],{"class":79},[69,66680,473],{"class":87},[69,66682,91],{"class":83},[69,66684,964],{"class":94},[69,66686,9376],{"class":336},[69,66688,333],{"class":94},[69,66690,221],{"class":83},[69,66692,66693,66695,66697,66699],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,66694,110],{"class":109},[69,66696,113],{"class":83},[69,66698,35803],{"class":121},[69,66700,221],{"class":83},[14,66702,643],{},[60,66704,66706],{"className":62,"code":66705,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[17,66707,66708],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,66709,66710,66712,66714,66716,66718,66720,66722,66724,66726,66728,66730,66732,66734,66736,66738,66740,66742],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,66711,3739],{"class":83},[69,66713,488],{"class":94},[69,66715,192],{"class":336},[69,66717,488],{"class":94},[69,66719,91],{"class":83},[69,66721,3161],{"class":94},[69,66723,4587],{"class":336},[69,66725,488],{"class":94},[69,66727,91],{"class":83},[69,66729,3161],{"class":94},[69,66731,9376],{"class":336},[69,66733,488],{"class":94},[69,66735,91],{"class":83},[69,66737,3161],{"class":94},[69,66739,18417],{"class":336},[69,66741,488],{"class":94},[69,66743,103],{"class":83},[14,66745,66746,66747,2170],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with list positions, the ",[192,66748,66749],{"href":50647},"Python lists beginner guide",[141,66751,66753,10223,66755],{"id":66752},"insert-vs-append",[17,66754,53937],{},[17,66756,52321],{},[14,66758,66759],{},"These methods both add items to a list, but they do different jobs.",[1369,66761,132,66763,10239],{"id":66762},"use-insert-when",[17,66764,53937],{},[30,66766,66767,66770],{},[33,66768,66769],{},"You want to add an item at a specific position",[33,66771,66772],{},"The order of the list matters",[1369,66774,132,66776,10239],{"id":66775},"use-append-when",[17,66777,52321],{},[30,66779,66780,66783],{},[33,66781,66782],{},"You want to add an item only at the end",[33,66784,66785],{},"You do not need to choose a position",[14,66787,2076],{},[60,66789,66791],{"className":62,"code":66790,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = [\"apple\", \"orange\"]\n\nitems.insert(1, \"banana\")\nprint(items)\n\nitems.append(\"grape\")\nprint(items)\n",[17,66792,66793,66817,66821,66843,66853,66857,66875],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,66794,66795,66797,66799,66801,66803,66805,66807,66809,66811,66813,66815],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,66796,7409],{"class":75},[69,66798,80],{"class":79},[69,66800,84],{"class":83},[69,66802,333],{"class":94},[69,66804,952],{"class":336},[69,66806,333],{"class":94},[69,66808,91],{"class":83},[69,66810,964],{"class":94},[69,66812,32877],{"class":336},[69,66814,333],{"class":94},[69,66816,103],{"class":83},[69,66818,66819],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,66820,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,66822,66823,66825,66827,66829,66831,66833,66835,66837,66839,66841],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,66824,7440],{"class":75},[69,66826,25],{"class":83},[69,66828,53620],{"class":121},[69,66830,113],{"class":83},[69,66832,473],{"class":87},[69,66834,91],{"class":83},[69,66836,964],{"class":94},[69,66838,967],{"class":336},[69,66840,333],{"class":94},[69,66842,221],{"class":83},[69,66844,66845,66847,66849,66851],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,66846,110],{"class":109},[69,66848,113],{"class":83},[69,66850,7440],{"class":121},[69,66852,221],{"class":83},[69,66854,66855],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,66856,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,66858,66859,66861,66863,66865,66867,66869,66871,66873],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,66860,7440],{"class":75},[69,66862,25],{"class":83},[69,66864,13198],{"class":121},[69,66866,113],{"class":83},[69,66868,333],{"class":94},[69,66870,22184],{"class":336},[69,66872,333],{"class":94},[69,66874,221],{"class":83},[69,66876,66877,66879,66881,66883],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,66878,110],{"class":109},[69,66880,113],{"class":83},[69,66882,7440],{"class":121},[69,66884,221],{"class":83},[14,66886,643],{},[60,66888,66890],{"className":62,"code":66889,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[17,66891,66892,66920],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,66893,66894,66896,66898,66900,66902,66904,66906,66908,66910,66912,66914,66916,66918],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,66895,3739],{"class":83},[69,66897,488],{"class":94},[69,66899,952],{"class":336},[69,66901,488],{"class":94},[69,66903,91],{"class":83},[69,66905,3161],{"class":94},[69,66907,967],{"class":336},[69,66909,488],{"class":94},[69,66911,91],{"class":83},[69,66913,3161],{"class":94},[69,66915,32877],{"class":336},[69,66917,488],{"class":94},[69,66919,103],{"class":83},[69,66921,66922,66924,66926,66928,66930,66932,66934,66936,66938,66940,66942,66944,66946,66948,66950,66952,66954],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,66923,3739],{"class":83},[69,66925,488],{"class":94},[69,66927,952],{"class":336},[69,66929,488],{"class":94},[69,66931,91],{"class":83},[69,66933,3161],{"class":94},[69,66935,967],{"class":336},[69,66937,488],{"class":94},[69,66939,91],{"class":83},[69,66941,3161],{"class":94},[69,66943,32877],{"class":336},[69,66945,488],{"class":94},[69,66947,91],{"class":83},[69,66949,3161],{"class":94},[69,66951,22184],{"class":336},[69,66953,488],{"class":94},[69,66955,103],{"class":83},[14,66957,66958,66959,25],{},"For the full method details, see the ",[192,66960,55189,66961,10379],{"href":56438},[17,66962,52321],{},[14,66964,66965,66966,25],{},"If your goal is the task itself rather than the method details, see ",[192,66967,52718],{"href":52717},[141,66969,1362],{"id":1361},[14,66971,14379,66972,25],{},[17,66973,53937],{},[1369,66975,12237,66977],{"id":66976},"assigning-the-result-of-insert",[17,66978,53937],{},[14,66980,25343],{},[60,66982,66984],{"className":62,"code":66983,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,66985,66986,67006,67028,67032,67042],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,66987,66988,66990,66992,66994,66996,66998,67000,67002,67004],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,66989,801],{"class":75},[69,66991,80],{"class":79},[69,66993,84],{"class":83},[69,66995,473],{"class":87},[69,66997,91],{"class":83},[69,66999,316],{"class":87},[69,67001,91],{"class":83},[69,67003,516],{"class":87},[69,67005,103],{"class":83},[69,67007,67008,67010,67012,67014,67016,67018,67020,67022,67024,67026],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,67009,839],{"class":75},[69,67011,80],{"class":79},[69,67013,865],{"class":75},[69,67015,25],{"class":83},[69,67017,53620],{"class":121},[69,67019,113],{"class":83},[69,67021,473],{"class":87},[69,67023,91],{"class":83},[69,67025,9834],{"class":87},[69,67027,221],{"class":83},[69,67029,67030],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,67031,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,67033,67034,67036,67038,67040],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,67035,110],{"class":109},[69,67037,113],{"class":83},[69,67039,876],{"class":121},[69,67041,221],{"class":83},[69,67043,67044,67046,67048,67050],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,67045,110],{"class":109},[69,67047,113],{"class":83},[69,67049,3512],{"class":121},[69,67051,221],{"class":83},[14,67053,643],{},[60,67055,67057],{"className":62,"code":67056,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"None\n[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[17,67058,67059,67063],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,67060,67061],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,67062,11450],{"class":289},[69,67064,67065,67067,67069,67071,67073,67075,67077,67079,67081],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,67066,3739],{"class":83},[69,67068,473],{"class":87},[69,67070,91],{"class":83},[69,67072,9834],{"class":87},[69,67074,91],{"class":83},[69,67076,316],{"class":87},[69,67078,91],{"class":83},[69,67080,516],{"class":87},[69,67082,103],{"class":83},[14,67084,67085,53822,67087,25],{},[17,67086,53937],{},[17,67088,449],{},[14,67090,16291],{},[60,67092,67094],{"className":62,"code":67093,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"new_list = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[17,67095,67096],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,67097,67098,67100,67102,67104,67106,67108,67110,67112,67114,67116],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,67099,55559],{"class":75},[69,67101,80],{"class":79},[69,67103,865],{"class":75},[69,67105,25],{"class":83},[69,67107,53620],{"class":121},[69,67109,113],{"class":83},[69,67111,473],{"class":87},[69,67113,91],{"class":83},[69,67115,9834],{"class":87},[69,67117,221],{"class":83},[14,67119,67120],{},"Right:",[60,67122,67124],{"className":62,"code":67123,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[17,67125,67126],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,67127,67128,67130,67132,67134,67136,67138,67140,67142],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,67129,3512],{"class":75},[69,67131,25],{"class":83},[69,67133,53620],{"class":121},[69,67135,113],{"class":83},[69,67137,473],{"class":87},[69,67139,91],{"class":83},[69,67141,9834],{"class":87},[69,67143,221],{"class":83},[1369,67145,67147],{"id":67146},"passing-arguments-in-the-wrong-order","Passing arguments in the wrong order",[14,67149,67150],{},"The correct order is:",[60,67152,67153],{"className":62,"code":66006,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,67154,67155],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,67156,67157,67159,67161,67163,67165,67167,67169,67171],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,67158,7971],{"class":75},[69,67160,25],{"class":83},[69,67162,53620],{"class":121},[69,67164,113],{"class":83},[69,67166,35505],{"class":121},[69,67168,91],{"class":83},[69,67170,29161],{"class":121},[69,67172,221],{"class":83},[14,67174,67175],{},"Not:",[60,67177,67179],{"className":62,"code":67178,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_list.insert(item, index)\n",[17,67180,67181],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,67182,67183,67185,67187,67189,67191,67193,67195,67197],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,67184,7971],{"class":75},[69,67186,25],{"class":83},[69,67188,53620],{"class":121},[69,67190,113],{"class":83},[69,67192,22962],{"class":121},[69,67194,91],{"class":83},[69,67196,35480],{"class":121},[69,67198,221],{"class":83},[14,67200,2076],{},[60,67202,67203],{"className":62,"code":66048,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,67204,67205,67229,67251],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,67206,67207,67209,67211,67213,67215,67217,67219,67221,67223,67225,67227],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,67208,35750],{"class":75},[69,67210,80],{"class":79},[69,67212,84],{"class":83},[69,67214,333],{"class":94},[69,67216,192],{"class":336},[69,67218,333],{"class":94},[69,67220,91],{"class":83},[69,67222,964],{"class":94},[69,67224,9376],{"class":336},[69,67226,333],{"class":94},[69,67228,103],{"class":83},[69,67230,67231,67233,67235,67237,67239,67241,67243,67245,67247,67249],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,67232,35803],{"class":75},[69,67234,25],{"class":83},[69,67236,53620],{"class":121},[69,67238,113],{"class":83},[69,67240,473],{"class":87},[69,67242,91],{"class":83},[69,67244,964],{"class":94},[69,67246,4587],{"class":336},[69,67248,333],{"class":94},[69,67250,221],{"class":83},[69,67252,67253,67255,67257,67259],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,67254,110],{"class":109},[69,67256,113],{"class":83},[69,67258,35803],{"class":121},[69,67260,221],{"class":83},[14,67262,643],{},[60,67264,67265],{"className":62,"code":42540,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,67266,67267],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,67268,67269,67271,67273,67275,67277,67279,67281,67283,67285,67287,67289,67291,67293],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,67270,3739],{"class":83},[69,67272,488],{"class":94},[69,67274,192],{"class":336},[69,67276,488],{"class":94},[69,67278,91],{"class":83},[69,67280,3161],{"class":94},[69,67282,4587],{"class":336},[69,67284,488],{"class":94},[69,67286,91],{"class":83},[69,67288,3161],{"class":94},[69,67290,9376],{"class":336},[69,67292,488],{"class":94},[69,67294,103],{"class":83},[1369,67296,8086,67298,67300],{"id":67297},"expecting-insert-to-replace-an-item",[17,67299,53937],{}," to replace an item",[14,67302,67303,67305],{},[17,67304,53937],{}," does not replace an existing value. It shifts items to the right.",[60,67307,67309],{"className":62,"code":67308,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.insert(1, 99)\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,67310,67311,67331,67349],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,67312,67313,67315,67317,67319,67321,67323,67325,67327,67329],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,67314,801],{"class":75},[69,67316,80],{"class":79},[69,67318,84],{"class":83},[69,67320,473],{"class":87},[69,67322,91],{"class":83},[69,67324,316],{"class":87},[69,67326,91],{"class":83},[69,67328,516],{"class":87},[69,67330,103],{"class":83},[69,67332,67333,67335,67337,67339,67341,67343,67345,67347],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,67334,3512],{"class":75},[69,67336,25],{"class":83},[69,67338,53620],{"class":121},[69,67340,113],{"class":83},[69,67342,473],{"class":87},[69,67344,91],{"class":83},[69,67346,9834],{"class":87},[69,67348,221],{"class":83},[69,67350,67351,67353,67355,67357],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,67352,110],{"class":109},[69,67354,113],{"class":83},[69,67356,3512],{"class":121},[69,67358,221],{"class":83},[14,67360,643],{},[60,67362,67364],{"className":62,"code":67363,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[17,67365,67366],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,67367,67368,67370,67372,67374,67376,67378,67380,67382,67384],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,67369,3739],{"class":83},[69,67371,473],{"class":87},[69,67373,91],{"class":83},[69,67375,9834],{"class":87},[69,67377,91],{"class":83},[69,67379,316],{"class":87},[69,67381,91],{"class":83},[69,67383,516],{"class":87},[69,67385,103],{"class":83},[14,67387,67388],{},"If you want to replace a value instead, use assignment:",[60,67390,67392],{"className":62,"code":67391,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers[1] = 99\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,67393,67394,67414,67428],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,67395,67396,67398,67400,67402,67404,67406,67408,67410,67412],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,67397,801],{"class":75},[69,67399,80],{"class":79},[69,67401,84],{"class":83},[69,67403,473],{"class":87},[69,67405,91],{"class":83},[69,67407,316],{"class":87},[69,67409,91],{"class":83},[69,67411,516],{"class":87},[69,67413,103],{"class":83},[69,67415,67416,67418,67420,67422,67424,67426],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,67417,3512],{"class":75},[69,67419,3739],{"class":83},[69,67421,473],{"class":87},[69,67423,12918],{"class":83},[69,67425,12921],{"class":79},[69,67427,13776],{"class":87},[69,67429,67430,67432,67434,67436],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,67431,110],{"class":109},[69,67433,113],{"class":83},[69,67435,3512],{"class":121},[69,67437,221],{"class":83},[14,67439,643],{},[60,67441,67443],{"className":62,"code":67442,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[1, 99, 3]\n",[17,67444,67445],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,67446,67447,67449,67451,67453,67455,67457,67459],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,67448,3739],{"class":83},[69,67450,473],{"class":87},[69,67452,91],{"class":83},[69,67454,9834],{"class":87},[69,67456,91],{"class":83},[69,67458,516],{"class":87},[69,67460,103],{"class":83},[1369,67462,67464],{"id":67463},"trying-to-insert-multiple-items-at-once","Trying to insert multiple items at once",[14,67466,67467,67469],{},[17,67468,53937],{}," adds one item each time.",[14,67471,67472],{},"This inserts a single list as one item:",[60,67474,67476],{"className":62,"code":67475,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 4]\nnumbers.insert(1, [2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,67477,67478,67494,67518],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,67479,67480,67482,67484,67486,67488,67490,67492],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,67481,801],{"class":75},[69,67483,80],{"class":79},[69,67485,84],{"class":83},[69,67487,473],{"class":87},[69,67489,91],{"class":83},[69,67491,2323],{"class":87},[69,67493,103],{"class":83},[69,67495,67496,67498,67500,67502,67504,67506,67508,67510,67512,67514,67516],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,67497,3512],{"class":75},[69,67499,25],{"class":83},[69,67501,53620],{"class":121},[69,67503,113],{"class":83},[69,67505,473],{"class":87},[69,67507,91],{"class":83},[69,67509,84],{"class":83},[69,67511,821],{"class":87},[69,67513,91],{"class":83},[69,67515,516],{"class":87},[69,67517,3727],{"class":83},[69,67519,67520,67522,67524,67526],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,67521,110],{"class":109},[69,67523,113],{"class":83},[69,67525,3512],{"class":121},[69,67527,221],{"class":83},[14,67529,643],{},[60,67531,67533],{"className":62,"code":67532,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[1, [2, 3], 4]\n",[17,67534,67535],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,67536,67537,67539,67541,67543,67545,67547,67549,67551,67553,67555],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,67538,3739],{"class":83},[69,67540,473],{"class":87},[69,67542,91],{"class":83},[69,67544,84],{"class":83},[69,67546,821],{"class":87},[69,67548,91],{"class":83},[69,67550,516],{"class":87},[69,67552,17711],{"class":83},[69,67554,2323],{"class":87},[69,67556,103],{"class":83},[14,67558,67559,67560,25],{},"If you want to add many items, see the ",[192,67561,55189,67562,10379],{"href":53013},[17,67563,53115],{},[1369,67565,67567],{"id":67566},"helpful-checks-while-debugging","Helpful checks while debugging",[14,67569,8510,67570,67572],{},[17,67571,53937],{}," is not doing what you expect, these can help:",[60,67574,67576],{"className":62,"code":67575,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.insert.__doc__)\nhelp(list.insert)\ntype(my_list)\n",[17,67577,67578,67588,67602,67620,67634],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,67579,67580,67582,67584,67586],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,67581,110],{"class":109},[69,67583,113],{"class":83},[69,67585,7971],{"class":121},[69,67587,221],{"class":83},[69,67589,67590,67592,67594,67596,67598,67600],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,67591,110],{"class":109},[69,67593,113],{"class":83},[69,67595,10801],{"class":109},[69,67597,113],{"class":83},[69,67599,7971],{"class":121},[69,67601,342],{"class":83},[69,67603,67604,67606,67608,67610,67612,67614,67616,67618],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,67605,110],{"class":109},[69,67607,113],{"class":83},[69,67609,7971],{"class":121},[69,67611,25],{"class":83},[69,67613,53620],{"class":24402},[69,67615,25],{"class":83},[69,67617,34103],{"class":34110},[69,67619,221],{"class":83},[69,67621,67622,67624,67626,67628,67630,67632],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,67623,31808],{"class":109},[69,67625,113],{"class":83},[69,67627,7725],{"class":1126},[69,67629,25],{"class":83},[69,67631,53620],{"class":24402},[69,67633,221],{"class":83},[69,67635,67636,67638,67640,67642],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,67637,3087],{"class":1126},[69,67639,113],{"class":83},[69,67641,7971],{"class":121},[69,67643,221],{"class":83},[14,67645,67646],{},"These checks can help you confirm:",[30,67648,67649,67652,67655,67658],{},[33,67650,67651],{},"What is currently in the list",[33,67653,67654],{},"How long the list is",[33,67656,67657],{},"That you are working with a real list",[33,67659,67660],{},"How Python describes the method",[141,67662,4788,67664],{"id":67663},"when-to-use-insert",[17,67665,53937],{},[14,67667,132,67668,67670],{},[17,67669,53937],{}," when position matters.",[14,67672,36086],{},[30,67674,67675,67678,67681,67684],{},[33,67676,67677],{},"Ordered menus",[33,67679,67680],{},"Rankings or score lists",[33,67682,67683],{},"Step-by-step manual list building",[33,67685,67686],{},"Inserting a value at the beginning or middle",[14,67688,67689,67690,67692,67693,67695,67696,67698],{},"You usually do ",[22,67691,4457],{}," need ",[17,67694,53937],{}," when adding only to the end of a list. In that case, ",[17,67697,52321],{}," is simpler.",[14,67700,67701,67702,25],{},"If you need a refresher on making lists before using methods on them, see ",[192,67703,56824],{"href":56823},[141,67705,1651],{"id":1650},[1369,67707,12347,67709,55138],{"id":67708},"does-listinsert-return-a-new-list",[17,67710,53580],{},[14,67712,67713,67714,25],{},"No. It changes the existing list and returns ",[17,67715,449],{},[1369,67717,67719],{"id":67718},"what-happens-if-the-index-is-bigger-than-the-list-length","What happens if the index is bigger than the list length?",[14,67721,67722],{},"Python adds the item at the end of the list.",[1369,67724,4996,67726,67728],{"id":67725},"can-listinsert-add-multiple-items",[17,67727,53580],{}," add multiple items?",[14,67730,67731,67732,67734],{},"It adds one item each time. To add many items, use ",[17,67733,53115],{}," or slicing.",[1369,67736,5006,67738,587,67740,2359],{"id":67737},"what-is-the-difference-between-insert-and-append",[17,67739,53937],{},[17,67741,52321],{},[14,67743,67744,67746,67747,67749],{},[17,67745,53937],{}," adds at a chosen position. ",[17,67748,52321],{}," adds only at the end.",[141,67751,1771],{"id":1770},[30,67753,67754,67760,67766,67770,67774,67778],{},[33,67755,67756],{},[192,67757,55189,67758,10379],{"href":56438},[17,67759,52321],{},[33,67761,67762],{},[192,67763,55189,67764,10379],{"href":53013},[17,67765,53115],{},[33,67767,67768],{},[192,67769,53947],{"href":52717},[33,67771,67772],{},[192,67773,52440],{"href":50647},[33,67775,67776],{},[192,67777,56898],{"href":56823},[33,67779,67780],{},[192,67781,30002,67782,33290],{"href":53965},[17,67783,67784],{},"'list' object has no attribute ...",[1802,67786,67787],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":67789},[67790,67792,67793,67794,67800,67807,67816,67818,67827],{"id":65975,"depth":106,"text":67791},"What list.insert() does",{"id":200,"depth":106,"text":201},{"id":597,"depth":106,"text":598},{"id":66347,"depth":106,"text":66348,"children":67795},[67796,67797,67798,67799],{"id":66359,"depth":300,"text":66360},{"id":66450,"depth":300,"text":66451},{"id":66536,"depth":300,"text":66537},{"id":66622,"depth":300,"text":66623},{"id":66752,"depth":106,"text":67801,"children":67802},"insert() vs append()",[67803,67805],{"id":66762,"depth":300,"text":67804},"Use insert() when:",{"id":66775,"depth":300,"text":67806},"Use append() when:",{"id":1361,"depth":106,"text":1362,"children":67808},[67809,67811,67812,67814,67815],{"id":66976,"depth":300,"text":67810},"Assigning the result of insert()",{"id":67146,"depth":300,"text":67147},{"id":67297,"depth":300,"text":67813},"Expecting insert() to replace an item",{"id":67463,"depth":300,"text":67464},{"id":67566,"depth":300,"text":67567},{"id":67663,"depth":106,"text":67817},"When to use insert()",{"id":1650,"depth":106,"text":1651,"children":67819},[67820,67822,67823,67825],{"id":67708,"depth":300,"text":67821},"Does list.insert() return a new list?",{"id":67718,"depth":300,"text":67719},{"id":67725,"depth":300,"text":67824},"Can list.insert() add multiple items?",{"id":67737,"depth":300,"text":67826},"What is the difference between insert() and append()?",{"id":1770,"depth":106,"text":1771},"Master python list insert method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method",{"title":65885,"description":67828},"reference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method","x_dK_NYzoYQLOwms5BtRdF_-FqYStoiPzy7EKR6Cd44",{"id":67835,"title":67836,"body":67837,"description":69392,"extension":1828,"meta":69393,"navigation":833,"path":58643,"seo":69394,"stem":69395,"__hash__":69396},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len.md","Python List Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":67838,"toc":69365},[67839,67845,67854,67903,67905,67913,67919,67921,67939,67945,67950,67953,67956,67971,67973,68025,68027,68035,68043,68050,68052,68058,68123,68125,68133,68135,68154,68157,68208,68212,68217,68244,68246,68254,68257,68326,68328,68343,68349,68353,68362,68365,68420,68422,68430,68433,68435,68480,68482,68490,68496,68498,68506,68509,68511,68550,68552,68591,68596,68598,68600,68635,68638,68640,68678,68682,68688,68690,68741,68743,68751,68758,68761,68782,68785,68840,68851,68853,68914,68916,68925,68932,68938,68941,68944,69001,69004,69017,69024,69030,69036,69038,69051,69054,69151,69153,69170,69173,69255,69257,69279,69286,69292,69294,69298,69304,69310,69315,69319,69322,69328,69335,69337,69362],[10,67840,67842,67843,3525],{"id":67841},"python-list-length-len","Python List Length (",[17,67844,10801],{},[14,67846,67847,67848,67850,67851,67853],{},"Learn how to get the number of items in a Python list using ",[17,67849,42025],{},". This page focuses on the basic use of ",[17,67852,42025],{}," with lists, common beginner mistakes, and simple examples.",[60,67855,67857],{"className":62,"code":67856,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\ncount = len(numbers)\nprint(count)\n",[17,67858,67859,67879,67893],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,67860,67861,67863,67865,67867,67869,67871,67873,67875,67877],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,67862,801],{"class":75},[69,67864,80],{"class":79},[69,67866,84],{"class":83},[69,67868,2197],{"class":87},[69,67870,91],{"class":83},[69,67872,7420],{"class":87},[69,67874,91],{"class":83},[69,67876,7425],{"class":87},[69,67878,103],{"class":83},[69,67880,67881,67883,67885,67887,67889,67891],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,67882,40905],{"class":75},[69,67884,80],{"class":79},[69,67886,38048],{"class":109},[69,67888,113],{"class":83},[69,67890,3512],{"class":121},[69,67892,221],{"class":83},[69,67894,67895,67897,67899,67901],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,67896,110],{"class":109},[69,67898,113],{"class":83},[69,67900,40923],{"class":121},[69,67902,221],{"class":83},[14,67904,643],{},[60,67906,67907],{"className":62,"code":46283,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,67908,67909],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,67910,67911],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,67912,46283],{"class":87},[14,67914,132,67915,67918],{},[17,67916,67917],{},"len(list_name)"," to get how many items are in a list.",[141,67920,14809],{"id":14808},[30,67922,67923,67928,67933,67936],{},[33,67924,4032,67925,67927],{},[17,67926,42025],{}," works with Python lists",[33,67929,67930,67931,11347],{},"What value ",[17,67932,42025],{},[33,67934,67935],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty lists",[33,67937,67938],{},"Common mistakes beginners make",[141,67940,3540,67942,67944],{"id":67941},"what-len-returns-for-a-list",[17,67943,42025],{}," returns for a list",[14,67946,67947,64757],{},[17,67948,67949],{},"len(my_list)",[14,67951,67952],{},"That integer is the number of items in the list.",[14,67954,67955],{},"A few important points:",[30,67957,67958,67961,67966],{},[33,67959,67960],{},"It counts list items",[33,67962,40569,67963,67965],{},[22,67964,4457],{}," count characters inside a string item",[33,67967,67968,67969],{},"An empty list returns ",[17,67970,88],{},[14,67972,2076],{},[60,67974,67976],{"className":62,"code":67975,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(len(words))\n",[17,67977,67978,68011],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,67979,67980,67982,67984,67986,67988,67990,67992,67994,67996,67999,68001,68003,68005,68007,68009],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,67981,943],{"class":75},[69,67983,80],{"class":79},[69,67985,84],{"class":83},[69,67987,333],{"class":94},[69,67989,36708],{"class":336},[69,67991,333],{"class":94},[69,67993,91],{"class":83},[69,67995,964],{"class":94},[69,67997,67998],{"class":336},"elephant",[69,68000,333],{"class":94},[69,68002,91],{"class":83},[69,68004,964],{"class":94},[69,68006,57797],{"class":336},[69,68008,333],{"class":94},[69,68010,103],{"class":83},[69,68012,68013,68015,68017,68019,68021,68023],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,68014,110],{"class":109},[69,68016,113],{"class":83},[69,68018,10801],{"class":109},[69,68020,113],{"class":83},[69,68022,3947],{"class":121},[69,68024,342],{"class":83},[14,68026,643],{},[60,68028,68029],{"className":62,"code":46283,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,68030,68031],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,68032,68033],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,68034,46283],{"class":87},[14,68036,20628,68037,68040,68041,64764],{},[17,68038,68039],{},"\"elephant\""," has many characters, it still counts as just ",[22,68042,52325],{},[14,68044,68045,68046,25],{},"If you want a broader explanation of the function itself, see ",[192,68047,3441,68048,1780],{"href":42022},[17,68049,42025],{},[141,68051,598],{"id":597},[14,68053,68054,68055,68057],{},"Create a list, pass it to ",[17,68056,42025],{},", and print the result.",[60,68059,68061],{"className":62,"code":68060,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncount = len(colors)\n\nprint(count)\n",[17,68062,68063,68095,68109,68113],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,68064,68065,68067,68069,68071,68073,68075,68077,68079,68081,68083,68085,68087,68089,68091,68093],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,68066,12720],{"class":75},[69,68068,80],{"class":79},[69,68070,84],{"class":83},[69,68072,333],{"class":94},[69,68074,12737],{"class":336},[69,68076,333],{"class":94},[69,68078,91],{"class":83},[69,68080,964],{"class":94},[69,68082,17104],{"class":336},[69,68084,333],{"class":94},[69,68086,91],{"class":83},[69,68088,964],{"class":94},[69,68090,12754],{"class":336},[69,68092,333],{"class":94},[69,68094,103],{"class":83},[69,68096,68097,68099,68101,68103,68105,68107],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,68098,40905],{"class":75},[69,68100,80],{"class":79},[69,68102,38048],{"class":109},[69,68104,113],{"class":83},[69,68106,17151],{"class":121},[69,68108,221],{"class":83},[69,68110,68111],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,68112,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,68114,68115,68117,68119,68121],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,68116,110],{"class":109},[69,68118,113],{"class":83},[69,68120,40923],{"class":121},[69,68122,221],{"class":83},[14,68124,643],{},[60,68126,68127],{"className":62,"code":46283,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,68128,68129],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,68130,68131],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,68132,46283],{"class":87},[14,68134,11325],{},[30,68136,68137,68142,68149],{},[33,68138,68139,68141],{},[17,68140,17151],{}," is a list with 3 items",[33,68143,68144,678,68147],{},[17,68145,68146],{},"len(colors)",[17,68148,1929],{},[33,68150,68151,68152],{},"That value is stored in ",[17,68153,40923],{},[14,68155,68156],{},"You can also print the result directly:",[60,68158,68160],{"className":62,"code":68159,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))\n",[17,68161,68162,68194],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,68163,68164,68166,68168,68170,68172,68174,68176,68178,68180,68182,68184,68186,68188,68190,68192],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,68165,12720],{"class":75},[69,68167,80],{"class":79},[69,68169,84],{"class":83},[69,68171,333],{"class":94},[69,68173,12737],{"class":336},[69,68175,333],{"class":94},[69,68177,91],{"class":83},[69,68179,964],{"class":94},[69,68181,17104],{"class":336},[69,68183,333],{"class":94},[69,68185,91],{"class":83},[69,68187,964],{"class":94},[69,68189,12754],{"class":336},[69,68191,333],{"class":94},[69,68193,103],{"class":83},[69,68195,68196,68198,68200,68202,68204,68206],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,68197,110],{"class":109},[69,68199,113],{"class":83},[69,68201,10801],{"class":109},[69,68203,113],{"class":83},[69,68205,17151],{"class":121},[69,68207,342],{"class":83},[141,68209,68211],{"id":68210},"empty-list-example","Empty list example",[14,68213,68214,68215,25],{},"An empty list has no items, so its length is ",[17,68216,88],{},[60,68218,68220],{"className":62,"code":68219,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = []\nprint(len(items))\n",[17,68221,68222,68230],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,68223,68224,68226,68228],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,68225,7409],{"class":75},[69,68227,80],{"class":79},[69,68229,7469],{"class":83},[69,68231,68232,68234,68236,68238,68240,68242],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,68233,110],{"class":109},[69,68235,113],{"class":83},[69,68237,10801],{"class":109},[69,68239,113],{"class":83},[69,68241,7440],{"class":121},[69,68243,342],{"class":83},[14,68245,643],{},[60,68247,68248],{"className":62,"code":46918,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,68249,68250],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,68251,68252],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,68253,46918],{"class":87},[14,68255,68256],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a list has anything in it before using an index.",[60,68258,68260],{"className":62,"code":68259,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = []\n\nif len(items) > 0:\n    print(items[0])\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[17,68261,68262,68270,68274,68292,68306,68312],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,68263,68264,68266,68268],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,68265,7409],{"class":75},[69,68267,80],{"class":79},[69,68269,7469],{"class":83},[69,68271,68272],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,68273,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,68275,68276,68278,68280,68282,68284,68286,68288,68290],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,68277,6625],{"class":773},[69,68279,38048],{"class":109},[69,68281,113],{"class":83},[69,68283,7440],{"class":121},[69,68285,3525],{"class":83},[69,68287,38058],{"class":79},[69,68289,267],{"class":87},[69,68291,1235],{"class":83},[69,68293,68294,68296,68298,68300,68302,68304],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,68295,7700],{"class":109},[69,68297,113],{"class":83},[69,68299,7440],{"class":121},[69,68301,3739],{"class":83},[69,68303,88],{"class":87},[69,68305,3727],{"class":83},[69,68307,68308,68310],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,68309,27087],{"class":773},[69,68311,1235],{"class":83},[69,68313,68314,68316,68318,68320,68322,68324],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,68315,7700],{"class":109},[69,68317,113],{"class":83},[69,68319,333],{"class":94},[69,68321,51484],{"class":336},[69,68323,333],{"class":94},[69,68325,221],{"class":83},[14,68327,643],{},[60,68329,68331],{"className":62,"code":68330,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"The list is empty\n",[17,68332,68333],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,68334,68335,68337,68339,68341],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,68336,1845],{"class":75},[69,68338,7725],{"class":1126},[69,68340,7728],{"class":79},[69,68342,7734],{"class":75},[14,68344,68345,68346,68348],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, ",[192,68347,52440],{"href":50647}," is a good next step.",[141,68350,68352],{"id":68351},"nested-lists","Nested lists",[14,68354,68355,68357,68358,68361],{},[17,68356,42025],{}," counts only the ",[22,68359,68360],{},"top-level items"," in a list.",[14,68363,68364],{},"A nested list counts as one item.",[60,68366,68368],{"className":62,"code":68367,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\nprint(len(data))\n",[17,68369,68370,68406],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,68371,68372,68374,68376,68378,68380,68382,68384,68386,68388,68390,68392,68394,68396,68398,68400,68402,68404],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,68373,8801],{"class":75},[69,68375,80],{"class":79},[69,68377,55963],{"class":83},[69,68379,473],{"class":87},[69,68381,91],{"class":83},[69,68383,316],{"class":87},[69,68385,17711],{"class":83},[69,68387,84],{"class":83},[69,68389,1929],{"class":87},[69,68391,91],{"class":83},[69,68393,2323],{"class":87},[69,68395,17711],{"class":83},[69,68397,84],{"class":83},[69,68399,670],{"class":87},[69,68401,91],{"class":83},[69,68403,37305],{"class":87},[69,68405,52911],{"class":83},[69,68407,68408,68410,68412,68414,68416,68418],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,68409,110],{"class":109},[69,68411,113],{"class":83},[69,68413,10801],{"class":109},[69,68415,113],{"class":83},[69,68417,8840],{"class":121},[69,68419,342],{"class":83},[14,68421,643],{},[60,68423,68424],{"className":62,"code":46283,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,68425,68426],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,68427,68428],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,68429,46283],{"class":87},[14,68431,68432],{},"Here, the list contains 3 items, and each item is itself a list.",[14,68434,51748],{},[60,68436,68438],{"className":62,"code":68437,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"mixed = [1, [2, 3], 4]\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[17,68439,68440,68466],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,68441,68442,68444,68446,68448,68450,68452,68454,68456,68458,68460,68462,68464],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,68443,59143],{"class":75},[69,68445,80],{"class":79},[69,68447,84],{"class":83},[69,68449,473],{"class":87},[69,68451,91],{"class":83},[69,68453,84],{"class":83},[69,68455,821],{"class":87},[69,68457,91],{"class":83},[69,68459,516],{"class":87},[69,68461,17711],{"class":83},[69,68463,2323],{"class":87},[69,68465,103],{"class":83},[69,68467,68468,68470,68472,68474,68476,68478],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,68469,110],{"class":109},[69,68471,113],{"class":83},[69,68473,10801],{"class":109},[69,68475,113],{"class":83},[69,68477,59196],{"class":121},[69,68479,342],{"class":83},[14,68481,643],{},[60,68483,68484],{"className":62,"code":46283,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,68485,68486],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,68487,68488],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,68489,46283],{"class":87},[14,68491,20628,68492,68495],{},[17,68493,68494],{},"[2, 3]"," contains 2 values, it is still only one item in the outer list.",[141,68497,1362],{"id":1361},[1369,68499,8050,68501,10731,68504],{"id":68500},"using-my_listlen-instead-of-lenmy_list",[17,68502,68503],{},"my_list.len()",[17,68505,67949],{},[14,68507,68508],{},"This is a very common mistake.",[14,68510,16291],{},[60,68512,68514],{"className":62,"code":68513,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.len())\n",[17,68515,68516,68536],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,68517,68518,68520,68522,68524,68526,68528,68530,68532,68534],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,68519,801],{"class":75},[69,68521,80],{"class":79},[69,68523,84],{"class":83},[69,68525,2197],{"class":87},[69,68527,91],{"class":83},[69,68529,7420],{"class":87},[69,68531,91],{"class":83},[69,68533,7425],{"class":87},[69,68535,103],{"class":83},[69,68537,68538,68540,68542,68544,68546,68548],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,68539,110],{"class":109},[69,68541,113],{"class":83},[69,68543,3512],{"class":121},[69,68545,25],{"class":83},[69,68547,10801],{"class":121},[69,68549,6822],{"class":83},[14,68551,16303],{},[60,68553,68555],{"className":62,"code":68554,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[17,68556,68557,68577],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,68558,68559,68561,68563,68565,68567,68569,68571,68573,68575],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,68560,801],{"class":75},[69,68562,80],{"class":79},[69,68564,84],{"class":83},[69,68566,2197],{"class":87},[69,68568,91],{"class":83},[69,68570,7420],{"class":87},[69,68572,91],{"class":83},[69,68574,7425],{"class":87},[69,68576,103],{"class":83},[69,68578,68579,68581,68583,68585,68587,68589],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,68580,110],{"class":109},[69,68582,113],{"class":83},[69,68584,10801],{"class":109},[69,68586,113],{"class":83},[69,68588,3512],{"class":121},[69,68590,342],{"class":83},[14,68592,68593,68595],{},[17,68594,42025],{}," is a built-in function. It is not a list method.",[1369,68597,25340],{"id":25339},[14,68599,16291],{},[60,68601,68603],{"className":62,"code":68602,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len)\n",[17,68604,68605,68625],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,68606,68607,68609,68611,68613,68615,68617,68619,68621,68623],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,68608,801],{"class":75},[69,68610,80],{"class":79},[69,68612,84],{"class":83},[69,68614,2197],{"class":87},[69,68616,91],{"class":83},[69,68618,7420],{"class":87},[69,68620,91],{"class":83},[69,68622,7425],{"class":87},[69,68624,103],{"class":83},[69,68626,68627,68629,68631,68633],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,68628,110],{"class":109},[69,68630,113],{"class":83},[69,68632,10801],{"class":109},[69,68634,221],{"class":83},[14,68636,68637],{},"This prints the function itself, not the list length.",[14,68639,16303],{},[60,68641,68642],{"className":62,"code":68554,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,68643,68644,68664],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,68645,68646,68648,68650,68652,68654,68656,68658,68660,68662],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,68647,801],{"class":75},[69,68649,80],{"class":79},[69,68651,84],{"class":83},[69,68653,2197],{"class":87},[69,68655,91],{"class":83},[69,68657,7420],{"class":87},[69,68659,91],{"class":83},[69,68661,7425],{"class":87},[69,68663,103],{"class":83},[69,68665,68666,68668,68670,68672,68674,68676],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,68667,110],{"class":109},[69,68669,113],{"class":83},[69,68671,10801],{"class":109},[69,68673,113],{"class":83},[69,68675,3512],{"class":121},[69,68677,342],{"class":83},[1369,68679,68681],{"id":68680},"confusing-length-with-the-last-index","Confusing length with the last index",[14,68683,68684,68685,68687],{},"The length of a list is ",[22,68686,4457],{}," the same as the last index.",[14,68689,2076],{},[60,68691,68693],{"className":62,"code":68692,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(len(letters))\n",[17,68694,68695,68727],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,68696,68697,68699,68701,68703,68705,68707,68709,68711,68713,68715,68717,68719,68721,68723,68725],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,68698,35750],{"class":75},[69,68700,80],{"class":79},[69,68702,84],{"class":83},[69,68704,333],{"class":94},[69,68706,192],{"class":336},[69,68708,333],{"class":94},[69,68710,91],{"class":83},[69,68712,964],{"class":94},[69,68714,4587],{"class":336},[69,68716,333],{"class":94},[69,68718,91],{"class":83},[69,68720,964],{"class":94},[69,68722,9376],{"class":336},[69,68724,333],{"class":94},[69,68726,103],{"class":83},[69,68728,68729,68731,68733,68735,68737,68739],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,68730,110],{"class":109},[69,68732,113],{"class":83},[69,68734,10801],{"class":109},[69,68736,113],{"class":83},[69,68738,35803],{"class":121},[69,68740,342],{"class":83},[14,68742,643],{},[60,68744,68745],{"className":62,"code":46283,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,68746,68747],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,68748,68749],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,68750,46283],{"class":87},[14,68752,68753,68754,18613,68756,25],{},"But the last index is ",[17,68755,821],{},[17,68757,1929],{},[14,68759,68760],{},"Indexes are:",[30,68762,68763,68770,68776],{},[33,68764,68765,68767,68768],{},[17,68766,88],{}," for ",[17,68769,17745],{},[33,68771,68772,68767,68774],{},[17,68773,473],{},[17,68775,65267],{},[33,68777,68778,68767,68780],{},[17,68779,821],{},[17,68781,66153],{},[14,68783,68784],{},"So this causes an error:",[60,68786,68788],{"className":62,"code":68787,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters)])\n",[17,68789,68790,68822],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,68791,68792,68794,68796,68798,68800,68802,68804,68806,68808,68810,68812,68814,68816,68818,68820],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,68793,35750],{"class":75},[69,68795,80],{"class":79},[69,68797,84],{"class":83},[69,68799,333],{"class":94},[69,68801,192],{"class":336},[69,68803,333],{"class":94},[69,68805,91],{"class":83},[69,68807,964],{"class":94},[69,68809,4587],{"class":336},[69,68811,333],{"class":94},[69,68813,91],{"class":83},[69,68815,964],{"class":94},[69,68817,9376],{"class":336},[69,68819,333],{"class":94},[69,68821,103],{"class":83},[69,68823,68824,68826,68828,68830,68832,68834,68836,68838],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,68825,110],{"class":109},[69,68827,113],{"class":83},[69,68829,35803],{"class":121},[69,68831,3739],{"class":83},[69,68833,10801],{"class":109},[69,68835,113],{"class":83},[69,68837,35803],{"class":121},[69,68839,10317],{"class":83},[14,68841,8129,68842,4610,68845,68847,68848,68850],{},[17,68843,68844],{},"len(letters)",[17,68846,1929],{},", and index ",[17,68849,1929],{}," does not exist.",[14,68852,18490],{},[60,68854,68856],{"className":62,"code":68855,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters) - 1])\n",[17,68857,68858,68890],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,68859,68860,68862,68864,68866,68868,68870,68872,68874,68876,68878,68880,68882,68884,68886,68888],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,68861,35750],{"class":75},[69,68863,80],{"class":79},[69,68865,84],{"class":83},[69,68867,333],{"class":94},[69,68869,192],{"class":336},[69,68871,333],{"class":94},[69,68873,91],{"class":83},[69,68875,964],{"class":94},[69,68877,4587],{"class":336},[69,68879,333],{"class":94},[69,68881,91],{"class":83},[69,68883,964],{"class":94},[69,68885,9376],{"class":336},[69,68887,333],{"class":94},[69,68889,103],{"class":83},[69,68891,68892,68894,68896,68898,68900,68902,68904,68906,68908,68910,68912],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,68893,110],{"class":109},[69,68895,113],{"class":83},[69,68897,35803],{"class":121},[69,68899,3739],{"class":83},[69,68901,10801],{"class":109},[69,68903,113],{"class":83},[69,68905,35803],{"class":121},[69,68907,3525],{"class":83},[69,68909,818],{"class":79},[69,68911,272],{"class":87},[69,68913,3727],{"class":83},[14,68915,643],{},[60,68917,68919],{"className":62,"code":68918,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"c\n",[17,68920,68921],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,68922,68923],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,68924,68918],{"class":75},[14,68926,68927,68928,25],{},"If you see an index problem here, read ",[192,68929,68931],{"href":68930},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-list-index-out-of-range-fix-explained\u002F","IndexError: list index out of range",[1369,68933,8050,68935,68937],{"id":68934},"using-len-on-the-wrong-variable",[17,68936,42025],{}," on the wrong variable",[14,68939,68940],{},"Sometimes the code is correct, but the variable is not what you expect.",[14,68942,68943],{},"Use these debugging checks:",[60,68945,68947],{"className":62,"code":68946,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list[0])\n",[17,68948,68949,68959,68973,68987],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,68950,68951,68953,68955,68957],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,68952,110],{"class":109},[69,68954,113],{"class":83},[69,68956,7971],{"class":121},[69,68958,221],{"class":83},[69,68960,68961,68963,68965,68967,68969,68971],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,68962,110],{"class":109},[69,68964,113],{"class":83},[69,68966,10801],{"class":109},[69,68968,113],{"class":83},[69,68970,7971],{"class":121},[69,68972,342],{"class":83},[69,68974,68975,68977,68979,68981,68983,68985],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,68976,110],{"class":109},[69,68978,113],{"class":83},[69,68980,3087],{"class":1126},[69,68982,113],{"class":83},[69,68984,7971],{"class":121},[69,68986,342],{"class":83},[69,68988,68989,68991,68993,68995,68997,68999],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,68990,110],{"class":109},[69,68992,113],{"class":83},[69,68994,7971],{"class":121},[69,68996,3739],{"class":83},[69,68998,88],{"class":87},[69,69000,3727],{"class":83},[14,69002,69003],{},"These help you verify:",[30,69005,69006,69009,69011,69014],{},[33,69007,69008],{},"what the variable contains",[33,69010,60455],{},[33,69012,69013],{},"whether it is really a list",[33,69015,69016],{},"what the first item is",[14,69018,69019,69020,69023],{},"Be careful with ",[17,69021,69022],{},"print(my_list[0])"," if the list might be empty.",[141,69025,4788,69027,69029],{"id":69026},"when-to-use-len-with-lists",[17,69028,42025],{}," with lists",[14,69031,69032,69033,69035],{},"You will often use ",[17,69034,42025],{}," in real programs.",[14,69037,9010],{},[30,69039,69040,69042,69045,69048],{},[33,69041,51438],{},[33,69043,69044],{},"Control loops",[33,69046,69047],{},"Validate input or results",[33,69049,69050],{},"Compare the sizes of two lists",[14,69052,69053],{},"Example: comparing two lists",[60,69055,69057],{"className":62,"code":69056,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [10, 20]\n\nprint(len(a))\nprint(len(b))\nprint(len(a) > len(b))\n",[17,69058,69059,69079,69095,69099,69113,69127],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,69060,69061,69063,69065,69067,69069,69071,69073,69075,69077],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,69062,2421],{"class":75},[69,69064,80],{"class":79},[69,69066,84],{"class":83},[69,69068,473],{"class":87},[69,69070,91],{"class":83},[69,69072,316],{"class":87},[69,69074,91],{"class":83},[69,69076,516],{"class":87},[69,69078,103],{"class":83},[69,69080,69081,69083,69085,69087,69089,69091,69093],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,69082,2449],{"class":75},[69,69084,80],{"class":79},[69,69086,84],{"class":83},[69,69088,2197],{"class":87},[69,69090,91],{"class":83},[69,69092,7420],{"class":87},[69,69094,103],{"class":83},[69,69096,69097],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,69098,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,69100,69101,69103,69105,69107,69109,69111],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,69102,110],{"class":109},[69,69104,113],{"class":83},[69,69106,10801],{"class":109},[69,69108,113],{"class":83},[69,69110,192],{"class":121},[69,69112,342],{"class":83},[69,69114,69115,69117,69119,69121,69123,69125],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,69116,110],{"class":109},[69,69118,113],{"class":83},[69,69120,10801],{"class":109},[69,69122,113],{"class":83},[69,69124,4587],{"class":121},[69,69126,342],{"class":83},[69,69128,69129,69131,69133,69135,69137,69139,69141,69143,69145,69147,69149],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,69130,110],{"class":109},[69,69132,113],{"class":83},[69,69134,10801],{"class":109},[69,69136,113],{"class":83},[69,69138,192],{"class":121},[69,69140,3525],{"class":83},[69,69142,38058],{"class":79},[69,69144,38048],{"class":109},[69,69146,113],{"class":83},[69,69148,4587],{"class":121},[69,69150,342],{"class":83},[14,69152,643],{},[60,69154,69156],{"className":62,"code":69155,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"3\n2\nTrue\n",[17,69157,69158,69162,69166],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,69159,69160],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,69161,46283],{"class":87},[69,69163,69164],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,69165,16704],{"class":87},[69,69167,69168],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,69169,355],{"class":289},[14,69171,69172],{},"Example: using length in a loop",[60,69174,69176],{"className":62,"code":69175,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(names)):\n    print(i, names[i])\n",[17,69177,69178,69210,69214,69236],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,69179,69180,69182,69184,69186,69188,69190,69192,69194,69196,69198,69200,69202,69204,69206,69208],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,69181,4822],{"class":75},[69,69183,80],{"class":79},[69,69185,84],{"class":83},[69,69187,333],{"class":94},[69,69189,12524],{"class":336},[69,69191,333],{"class":94},[69,69193,91],{"class":83},[69,69195,964],{"class":94},[69,69197,35600],{"class":336},[69,69199,333],{"class":94},[69,69201,91],{"class":83},[69,69203,964],{"class":94},[69,69205,35609],{"class":336},[69,69207,333],{"class":94},[69,69209,103],{"class":83},[69,69211,69212],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,69213,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,69215,69216,69218,69221,69223,69225,69227,69229,69231,69233],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,69217,774],{"class":773},[69,69219,69220],{"class":75}," i ",[69,69222,780],{"class":773},[69,69224,53739],{"class":109},[69,69226,113],{"class":83},[69,69228,10801],{"class":109},[69,69230,113],{"class":83},[69,69232,4866],{"class":121},[69,69234,69235],{"class":83},")):\n",[69,69237,69238,69240,69242,69244,69246,69249,69251,69253],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,69239,7700],{"class":109},[69,69241,113],{"class":83},[69,69243,35814],{"class":121},[69,69245,91],{"class":83},[69,69247,69248],{"class":121}," names",[69,69250,3739],{"class":83},[69,69252,35814],{"class":121},[69,69254,3727],{"class":83},[14,69256,643],{},[60,69258,69259],{"className":62,"code":35658,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,69260,69261,69267,69273],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,69262,69263,69265],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,69264,88],{"class":87},[69,69266,35667],{"class":75},[69,69268,69269,69271],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,69270,473],{"class":87},[69,69272,35674],{"class":75},[69,69274,69275,69277],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,69276,821],{"class":87},[69,69278,35681],{"class":75},[14,69280,69281,69282,25],{},"This works, but if you want to practice looping through lists more safely and clearly, see ",[192,69283,69285],{"href":69284},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to loop through a list in Python",[14,69287,69288,69289,69291],{},"You can also read ",[192,69290,51215],{"href":51214}," for a task-focused guide.",[141,69293,1651],{"id":1650},[1369,69295,69297],{"id":69296},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python","How do I get the length of a list in Python?",[14,69299,132,69300,69303],{},[17,69301,69302],{},"len(your_list)",". It returns the number of items in the list.",[1369,69305,4969,69307,12359],{"id":69306},"what-does-len-return",[17,69308,69309],{},"len([])",[14,69311,1658,69312,69314],{},[17,69313,88],{}," because the list is empty.",[1369,69316,69318],{"id":69317},"is-the-list-length-the-same-as-the-last-index","Is the list length the same as the last index?",[14,69320,69321],{},"No. The last index is one less than the length.",[1369,69323,27982,69325,69327],{"id":69324},"can-i-use-my_listlen-in-python",[17,69326,68503],{}," in Python?",[14,69329,29925,69330,7854,69332,69334],{},[17,69331,67949],{},[17,69333,42025],{}," is a built-in function.",[141,69336,1771],{"id":1770},[30,69338,69339,69345,69349,69353,69357],{},[33,69340,69341],{},[192,69342,3441,69343,1780],{"href":42022},[17,69344,42025],{},[33,69346,69347],{},[192,69348,52259],{"href":51214},[33,69350,69351],{},[192,69352,52440],{"href":50647},[33,69354,69355],{},[192,69356,68931],{"href":68930},[33,69358,69359],{},[192,69360,69361],{"href":69284},"How to loop through a list in Python",[1802,69363,69364],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":69366},[69367,69368,69370,69371,69372,69373,69381,69383,69391],{"id":14808,"depth":106,"text":14809},{"id":67941,"depth":106,"text":69369},"What len() returns for a list",{"id":597,"depth":106,"text":598},{"id":68210,"depth":106,"text":68211},{"id":68351,"depth":106,"text":68352},{"id":1361,"depth":106,"text":1362,"children":69374},[69375,69377,69378,69379],{"id":68500,"depth":300,"text":69376},"Using my_list.len() instead of len(my_list)",{"id":25339,"depth":300,"text":25340},{"id":68680,"depth":300,"text":68681},{"id":68934,"depth":300,"text":69380},"Using len() on the wrong variable",{"id":69026,"depth":106,"text":69382},"When to use len() with lists",{"id":1650,"depth":106,"text":1651,"children":69384},[69385,69386,69388,69389],{"id":69296,"depth":300,"text":69297},{"id":69306,"depth":300,"text":69387},"What does len([]) return?",{"id":69317,"depth":300,"text":69318},{"id":69324,"depth":300,"text":69390},"Can I use my_list.len() in Python?",{"id":1770,"depth":106,"text":1771},"Master python list length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":67836,"description":69392},"reference\u002Fpython-list-length-len","rGvdzxYi-qjWScdxkRoGgEetqY15UkNJ5EhQHJLekL8",{"id":69398,"title":69399,"body":69400,"description":71382,"extension":1828,"meta":71383,"navigation":833,"path":71384,"seo":71385,"stem":71386,"__hash__":71387},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method.md","Python List pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":69401,"toc":71355},[69402,69405,69410,69413,69421,69434,69436,69501,69503,69525,69530,69534,69539,69547,69549,69559,69561,69642,69644,69674,69676,69695,69700,69717,69719,69803,69805,69835,69840,69844,69850,69934,69936,69966,69969,69973,69976,70067,70069,70107,70110,70195,70197,70227,70233,70240,70244,70249,70258,70260,70345,70347,70376,70379,70387,70391,70395,70404,70427,70429,70451,70453,70467,70469,70529,70533,70538,70577,70579,70596,70598,70608,70707,70712,70716,70721,70764,70766,70794,70796,70810,70885,70887,70909,70913,70916,70921,70932,70937,70945,70948,71019,71021,71046,71103,71105,71126,71135,71143,71148,71150,71155,71176,71179,71254,71257,71271,71278,71280,71284,71290,71294,71304,71308,71315,71319,71325,71327,71352],[10,69403,69399],{"id":69404},"python-list-pop-method",[14,69406,69407,69409],{},[17,69408,54751],{}," removes an item from a list and returns it.",[14,69411,69412],{},"This method is useful when you want to both:",[30,69414,69415,69418],{},[33,69416,69417],{},"delete an item from a list",[33,69419,69420],{},"keep the removed value for later use",[14,69422,69423,69424,69426,69427,8339,69429,69433],{},"If you do not pass an index, ",[17,69425,12406],{}," removes the last item. Beginners often confuse ",[17,69428,12406],{},[192,69430,69431],{"href":54741},[17,69432,55198],{},", or expect it to create a new list instead of changing the original one.",[141,69435,1870],{"id":1869},[60,69437,69439],{"className":62,"code":69438,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nlast_item = numbers.pop()\n\nprint(last_item)\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,69440,69441,69461,69476,69480,69491],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,69442,69443,69445,69447,69449,69451,69453,69455,69457,69459],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,69444,801],{"class":75},[69,69446,80],{"class":79},[69,69448,84],{"class":83},[69,69450,2197],{"class":87},[69,69452,91],{"class":83},[69,69454,7420],{"class":87},[69,69456,91],{"class":83},[69,69458,7425],{"class":87},[69,69460,103],{"class":83},[69,69462,69463,69466,69468,69470,69472,69474],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,69464,69465],{"class":75},"last_item ",[69,69467,80],{"class":79},[69,69469,865],{"class":75},[69,69471,25],{"class":83},[69,69473,25894],{"class":121},[69,69475,8277],{"class":83},[69,69477,69478],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,69479,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,69481,69482,69484,69486,69489],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,69483,110],{"class":109},[69,69485,113],{"class":83},[69,69487,69488],{"class":121},"last_item",[69,69490,221],{"class":83},[69,69492,69493,69495,69497,69499],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,69494,110],{"class":109},[69,69496,113],{"class":83},[69,69498,3512],{"class":121},[69,69500,221],{"class":83},[14,69502,643],{},[60,69504,69506],{"className":62,"code":69505,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"30\n[10, 20]\n",[17,69507,69508,69513],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,69509,69510],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,69511,69512],{"class":87},"30\n",[69,69514,69515,69517,69519,69521,69523],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,69516,3739],{"class":83},[69,69518,2197],{"class":87},[69,69520,91],{"class":83},[69,69522,7420],{"class":87},[69,69524,103],{"class":83},[14,69526,132,69527,69529],{},[17,69528,12406],{}," to remove and return an item from a list. With no argument, it removes the last item.",[141,69531,69533],{"id":69532},"what-pop-does","What pop() does",[14,69535,69536,69538],{},[17,69537,12406],{}," has two main jobs:",[30,69540,69541,69544],{},[33,69542,69543],{},"It removes one item from a list",[33,69545,69546],{},"It returns the item that was removed",[14,69548,43315],{},[30,69550,69551,69554,69557],{},[33,69552,69553],{},"If no index is given, it removes the last item",[33,69555,69556],{},"It changes the original list",[33,69558,52414],{},[14,69560,2076],{},[60,69562,69564],{"className":62,"code":69563,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nremoved = colors.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(colors)\n",[17,69565,69566,69598,69602,69617,69621,69632],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,69567,69568,69570,69572,69574,69576,69578,69580,69582,69584,69586,69588,69590,69592,69594,69596],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,69569,12720],{"class":75},[69,69571,80],{"class":79},[69,69573,84],{"class":83},[69,69575,333],{"class":94},[69,69577,12737],{"class":336},[69,69579,333],{"class":94},[69,69581,91],{"class":83},[69,69583,964],{"class":94},[69,69585,17104],{"class":336},[69,69587,333],{"class":94},[69,69589,91],{"class":83},[69,69591,964],{"class":94},[69,69593,12754],{"class":336},[69,69595,333],{"class":94},[69,69597,103],{"class":83},[69,69599,69600],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,69601,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,69603,69604,69607,69609,69611,69613,69615],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,69605,69606],{"class":75},"removed ",[69,69608,80],{"class":79},[69,69610,12768],{"class":75},[69,69612,25],{"class":83},[69,69614,25894],{"class":121},[69,69616,8277],{"class":83},[69,69618,69619],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,69620,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,69622,69623,69625,69627,69630],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,69624,110],{"class":109},[69,69626,113],{"class":83},[69,69628,69629],{"class":121},"removed",[69,69631,221],{"class":83},[69,69633,69634,69636,69638,69640],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,69635,110],{"class":109},[69,69637,113],{"class":83},[69,69639,17151],{"class":121},[69,69641,221],{"class":83},[14,69643,643],{},[60,69645,69647],{"className":62,"code":69646,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"blue\n['red', 'green']\n",[17,69648,69649,69654],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,69650,69651],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,69652,69653],{"class":75},"blue\n",[69,69655,69656,69658,69660,69662,69664,69666,69668,69670,69672],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,69657,3739],{"class":83},[69,69659,488],{"class":94},[69,69661,12737],{"class":336},[69,69663,488],{"class":94},[69,69665,91],{"class":83},[69,69667,3161],{"class":94},[69,69669,17104],{"class":336},[69,69671,488],{"class":94},[69,69673,103],{"class":83},[141,69675,2024],{"id":2023},[60,69677,69679],{"className":62,"code":69678,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"list.pop([index])\n",[17,69680,69681],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,69682,69683,69685,69687,69689,69691,69693],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,69684,7725],{"class":1126},[69,69686,25],{"class":83},[69,69688,25894],{"class":121},[69,69690,260],{"class":83},[69,69692,35505],{"class":121},[69,69694,3727],{"class":83},[14,69696,1845,69697,69699],{},[17,69698,35505],{}," is optional.",[30,69701,69702,69708,69714],{},[33,69703,69704,69705,69707],{},"If you do not give an index, ",[17,69706,12406],{}," removes the last item",[33,69709,69710,69711,69713],{},"If you give an index, ",[17,69712,12406],{}," removes the item at that position",[33,69715,69716],{},"You can store the result in a variable",[14,69718,2076],{},[60,69720,69722],{"className":62,"code":69721,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nitem = letters.pop(1)\n\nprint(item)\nprint(letters)\n",[17,69723,69724,69756,69760,69779,69783,69793],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,69725,69726,69728,69730,69732,69734,69736,69738,69740,69742,69744,69746,69748,69750,69752,69754],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,69727,35750],{"class":75},[69,69729,80],{"class":79},[69,69731,84],{"class":83},[69,69733,333],{"class":94},[69,69735,192],{"class":336},[69,69737,333],{"class":94},[69,69739,91],{"class":83},[69,69741,964],{"class":94},[69,69743,4587],{"class":336},[69,69745,333],{"class":94},[69,69747,91],{"class":83},[69,69749,964],{"class":94},[69,69751,9376],{"class":336},[69,69753,333],{"class":94},[69,69755,103],{"class":83},[69,69757,69758],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,69759,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,69761,69762,69764,69766,69769,69771,69773,69775,69777],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,69763,28192],{"class":75},[69,69765,80],{"class":79},[69,69767,69768],{"class":75}," letters",[69,69770,25],{"class":83},[69,69772,25894],{"class":121},[69,69774,113],{"class":83},[69,69776,473],{"class":87},[69,69778,221],{"class":83},[69,69780,69781],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,69782,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,69784,69785,69787,69789,69791],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,69786,110],{"class":109},[69,69788,113],{"class":83},[69,69790,22962],{"class":121},[69,69792,221],{"class":83},[69,69794,69795,69797,69799,69801],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,69796,110],{"class":109},[69,69798,113],{"class":83},[69,69800,35803],{"class":121},[69,69802,221],{"class":83},[14,69804,643],{},[60,69806,69808],{"className":62,"code":69807,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"b\n['a', 'c']\n",[17,69809,69810,69815],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,69811,69812],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,69813,69814],{"class":75},"b\n",[69,69816,69817,69819,69821,69823,69825,69827,69829,69831,69833],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,69818,3739],{"class":83},[69,69820,488],{"class":94},[69,69822,192],{"class":336},[69,69824,488],{"class":94},[69,69826,91],{"class":83},[69,69828,3161],{"class":94},[69,69830,9376],{"class":336},[69,69832,488],{"class":94},[69,69834,103],{"class":83},[14,69836,69837,69838,25],{},"If you are new to list positions, see ",[192,69839,52440],{"href":50647},[141,69841,69843],{"id":69842},"using-pop-without-an-index","Using pop() without an index",[14,69845,69846,69847,69849],{},"When you call ",[17,69848,12406],{}," with no argument, Python removes the last item in the list.",[60,69851,69853],{"className":62,"code":69852,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"tasks = [\"write\", \"test\", \"submit\"]\n\nlast_task = tasks.pop()\n\nprint(last_task)\nprint(tasks)\n",[17,69854,69855,69890,69894,69909,69913,69924],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,69856,69857,69859,69861,69863,69865,69868,69870,69872,69874,69877,69879,69881,69883,69886,69888],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,69858,29552],{"class":75},[69,69860,80],{"class":79},[69,69862,84],{"class":83},[69,69864,333],{"class":94},[69,69866,69867],{"class":336},"write",[69,69869,333],{"class":94},[69,69871,91],{"class":83},[69,69873,964],{"class":94},[69,69875,69876],{"class":336},"test",[69,69878,333],{"class":94},[69,69880,91],{"class":83},[69,69882,964],{"class":94},[69,69884,69885],{"class":336},"submit",[69,69887,333],{"class":94},[69,69889,103],{"class":83},[69,69891,69892],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,69893,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,69895,69896,69899,69901,69903,69905,69907],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,69897,69898],{"class":75},"last_task ",[69,69900,80],{"class":79},[69,69902,29630],{"class":75},[69,69904,25],{"class":83},[69,69906,25894],{"class":121},[69,69908,8277],{"class":83},[69,69910,69911],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,69912,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,69914,69915,69917,69919,69922],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,69916,110],{"class":109},[69,69918,113],{"class":83},[69,69920,69921],{"class":121},"last_task",[69,69923,221],{"class":83},[69,69925,69926,69928,69930,69932],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,69927,110],{"class":109},[69,69929,113],{"class":83},[69,69931,36166],{"class":121},[69,69933,221],{"class":83},[14,69935,643],{},[60,69937,69939],{"className":62,"code":69938,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"submit\n['write', 'test']\n",[17,69940,69941,69946],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,69942,69943],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,69944,69945],{"class":75},"submit\n",[69,69947,69948,69950,69952,69954,69956,69958,69960,69962,69964],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,69949,3739],{"class":83},[69,69951,488],{"class":94},[69,69953,69867],{"class":336},[69,69955,488],{"class":94},[69,69957,91],{"class":83},[69,69959,3161],{"class":94},[69,69961,69876],{"class":336},[69,69963,488],{"class":94},[69,69965,103],{"class":83},[14,69967,69968],{},"This is useful when using a list like a stack, where the last item added is the first item removed.",[141,69970,69972],{"id":69971},"using-pop-with-an-index","Using pop() with an index",[14,69974,69975],{},"You can pass an integer index to remove an item at a specific position.",[60,69977,69979],{"className":62,"code":69978,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"orange\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[17,69980,69981,70021,70025,70043,70047,70057],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,69982,69983,69985,69987,69989,69991,69993,69995,69997,69999,70001,70003,70005,70007,70009,70011,70013,70015,70017,70019],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,69984,35899],{"class":75},[69,69986,80],{"class":79},[69,69988,84],{"class":83},[69,69990,333],{"class":94},[69,69992,952],{"class":336},[69,69994,333],{"class":94},[69,69996,91],{"class":83},[69,69998,964],{"class":94},[69,70000,967],{"class":336},[69,70002,333],{"class":94},[69,70004,91],{"class":83},[69,70006,964],{"class":94},[69,70008,3930],{"class":336},[69,70010,333],{"class":94},[69,70012,91],{"class":83},[69,70014,964],{"class":94},[69,70016,32877],{"class":336},[69,70018,333],{"class":94},[69,70020,103],{"class":83},[69,70022,70023],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,70024,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,70026,70027,70029,70031,70033,70035,70037,70039,70041],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,70028,69606],{"class":75},[69,70030,80],{"class":79},[69,70032,52520],{"class":75},[69,70034,25],{"class":83},[69,70036,25894],{"class":121},[69,70038,113],{"class":83},[69,70040,473],{"class":87},[69,70042,221],{"class":83},[69,70044,70045],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,70046,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,70048,70049,70051,70053,70055],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,70050,110],{"class":109},[69,70052,113],{"class":83},[69,70054,69629],{"class":121},[69,70056,221],{"class":83},[69,70058,70059,70061,70063,70065],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,70060,110],{"class":109},[69,70062,113],{"class":83},[69,70064,35951],{"class":121},[69,70066,221],{"class":83},[14,70068,643],{},[60,70070,70072],{"className":62,"code":70071,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"banana\n['apple', 'cherry', 'orange']\n",[17,70073,70074,70079],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,70075,70076],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,70077,70078],{"class":75},"banana\n",[69,70080,70081,70083,70085,70087,70089,70091,70093,70095,70097,70099,70101,70103,70105],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,70082,3739],{"class":83},[69,70084,488],{"class":94},[69,70086,952],{"class":336},[69,70088,488],{"class":94},[69,70090,91],{"class":83},[69,70092,3161],{"class":94},[69,70094,3930],{"class":336},[69,70096,488],{"class":94},[69,70098,91],{"class":83},[69,70100,3161],{"class":94},[69,70102,32877],{"class":336},[69,70104,488],{"class":94},[69,70106,103],{"class":83},[14,70108,70109],{},"You can also use negative indexes:",[60,70111,70113],{"className":62,"code":70112,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(-1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[17,70114,70115,70147,70151,70171,70175,70185],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,70116,70117,70119,70121,70123,70125,70127,70129,70131,70133,70135,70137,70139,70141,70143,70145],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,70118,35899],{"class":75},[69,70120,80],{"class":79},[69,70122,84],{"class":83},[69,70124,333],{"class":94},[69,70126,952],{"class":336},[69,70128,333],{"class":94},[69,70130,91],{"class":83},[69,70132,964],{"class":94},[69,70134,967],{"class":336},[69,70136,333],{"class":94},[69,70138,91],{"class":83},[69,70140,964],{"class":94},[69,70142,3930],{"class":336},[69,70144,333],{"class":94},[69,70146,103],{"class":83},[69,70148,70149],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,70150,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,70152,70153,70155,70157,70159,70161,70163,70165,70167,70169],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,70154,69606],{"class":75},[69,70156,80],{"class":79},[69,70158,52520],{"class":75},[69,70160,25],{"class":83},[69,70162,25894],{"class":121},[69,70164,113],{"class":83},[69,70166,1889],{"class":79},[69,70168,473],{"class":87},[69,70170,221],{"class":83},[69,70172,70173],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,70174,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,70176,70177,70179,70181,70183],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,70178,110],{"class":109},[69,70180,113],{"class":83},[69,70182,69629],{"class":121},[69,70184,221],{"class":83},[69,70186,70187,70189,70191,70193],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,70188,110],{"class":109},[69,70190,113],{"class":83},[69,70192,35951],{"class":121},[69,70194,221],{"class":83},[14,70196,643],{},[60,70198,70200],{"className":62,"code":70199,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"cherry\n['apple', 'banana']\n",[17,70201,70202,70207],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,70203,70204],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,70205,70206],{"class":75},"cherry\n",[69,70208,70209,70211,70213,70215,70217,70219,70221,70223,70225],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,70210,3739],{"class":83},[69,70212,488],{"class":94},[69,70214,952],{"class":336},[69,70216,488],{"class":94},[69,70218,91],{"class":83},[69,70220,3161],{"class":94},[69,70222,967],{"class":336},[69,70224,488],{"class":94},[69,70226,103],{"class":83},[14,70228,70229,70230,70232],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. So ",[17,70231,65526],{}," means the last item.",[14,70234,70235,70236,25],{},"If you need to find a position before removing it, see the ",[192,70237,70238,10379],{"href":58635},[17,70239,64537],{},[141,70241,70243],{"id":70242},"what-pop-returns","What pop() returns",[14,70245,70246,70248],{},[17,70247,12406],{}," returns the item that was removed.",[14,70250,70251,70252,587,70254,25],{},"This is one of the biggest differences between ",[17,70253,12406],{},[192,70255,70256],{"href":54741},[17,70257,55198],{},[14,70259,2076],{},[60,70261,70263],{"className":62,"code":70262,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nremoved_name = names.pop(0)\n\nprint(removed_name)\nprint(names)\n",[17,70264,70265,70297,70301,70320,70324,70335],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,70266,70267,70269,70271,70273,70275,70277,70279,70281,70283,70285,70287,70289,70291,70293,70295],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,70268,4822],{"class":75},[69,70270,80],{"class":79},[69,70272,84],{"class":83},[69,70274,333],{"class":94},[69,70276,12524],{"class":336},[69,70278,333],{"class":94},[69,70280,91],{"class":83},[69,70282,964],{"class":94},[69,70284,35600],{"class":336},[69,70286,333],{"class":94},[69,70288,91],{"class":83},[69,70290,964],{"class":94},[69,70292,35609],{"class":336},[69,70294,333],{"class":94},[69,70296,103],{"class":83},[69,70298,70299],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,70300,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,70302,70303,70306,70308,70310,70312,70314,70316,70318],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,70304,70305],{"class":75},"removed_name ",[69,70307,80],{"class":79},[69,70309,69248],{"class":75},[69,70311,25],{"class":83},[69,70313,25894],{"class":121},[69,70315,113],{"class":83},[69,70317,88],{"class":87},[69,70319,221],{"class":83},[69,70321,70322],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,70323,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,70325,70326,70328,70330,70333],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,70327,110],{"class":109},[69,70329,113],{"class":83},[69,70331,70332],{"class":121},"removed_name",[69,70334,221],{"class":83},[69,70336,70337,70339,70341,70343],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,70338,110],{"class":109},[69,70340,113],{"class":83},[69,70342,4866],{"class":121},[69,70344,221],{"class":83},[14,70346,643],{},[60,70348,70350],{"className":62,"code":70349,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Ana\n['Ben', 'Cara']\n",[17,70351,70352,70356],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,70353,70354],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,70355,49707],{"class":75},[69,70357,70358,70360,70362,70364,70366,70368,70370,70372,70374],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,70359,3739],{"class":83},[69,70361,488],{"class":94},[69,70363,35600],{"class":336},[69,70365,488],{"class":94},[69,70367,91],{"class":83},[69,70369,3161],{"class":94},[69,70371,35609],{"class":336},[69,70373,488],{"class":94},[69,70375,103],{"class":83},[14,70377,70378],{},"This is useful when you need the removed value after taking it out of the list.",[14,70380,70381,70382,70384,70385,25],{},"By comparison, ",[17,70383,55198],{}," deletes by value and returns ",[17,70386,449],{},[141,70388,70390],{"id":70389},"common-errors-and-edge-cases","Common errors and edge cases",[1369,70392,70394],{"id":70393},"popping-from-an-empty-list","Popping from an empty list",[14,70396,70397,70398,70400,70401,25],{},"If the list is empty, ",[17,70399,12406],{}," raises an ",[17,70402,70403],{},"IndexError",[60,70405,70407],{"className":62,"code":70406,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = []\nitems.pop()\n",[17,70408,70409,70417],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,70410,70411,70413,70415],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,70412,7409],{"class":75},[69,70414,80],{"class":79},[69,70416,7469],{"class":83},[69,70418,70419,70421,70423,70425],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,70420,7440],{"class":75},[69,70422,25],{"class":83},[69,70424,25894],{"class":121},[69,70426,8277],{"class":83},[14,70428,643],{},[60,70430,70432],{"className":62,"code":70431,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"IndexError: pop from empty list\n",[17,70433,70434],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,70435,70436,70438,70440,70443,70446,70449],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,70437,70403],{"class":1126},[69,70439,1044],{"class":83},[69,70441,70442],{"class":75}," pop ",[69,70444,70445],{"class":773},"from",[69,70447,70448],{"class":75}," empty ",[69,70450,49553],{"class":1126},[14,70452,38924],{},[30,70454,70455,70460],{},[33,70456,70457,70458],{},"Check that the list is not empty before calling ",[17,70459,12406],{},[33,70461,70462,70463,587,70465],{},"Or handle the error with ",[17,70464,29458],{},[17,70466,29489],{},[14,70468,2076],{},[60,70470,70472],{"className":62,"code":70471,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = []\n\nif items:\n    print(items.pop())\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty.\")\n",[17,70473,70474,70482,70486,70494,70508,70514],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,70475,70476,70478,70480],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,70477,7409],{"class":75},[69,70479,80],{"class":79},[69,70481,7469],{"class":83},[69,70483,70484],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,70485,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,70487,70488,70490,70492],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,70489,6625],{"class":773},[69,70491,783],{"class":75},[69,70493,1235],{"class":83},[69,70495,70496,70498,70500,70502,70504,70506],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,70497,7700],{"class":109},[69,70499,113],{"class":83},[69,70501,7440],{"class":121},[69,70503,25],{"class":83},[69,70505,25894],{"class":121},[69,70507,6822],{"class":83},[69,70509,70510,70512],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,70511,27087],{"class":773},[69,70513,1235],{"class":83},[69,70515,70516,70518,70520,70522,70525,70527],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,70517,7700],{"class":109},[69,70519,113],{"class":83},[69,70521,333],{"class":94},[69,70523,70524],{"class":336},"The list is empty.",[69,70526,333],{"class":94},[69,70528,221],{"class":83},[1369,70530,70532],{"id":70531},"using-an-index-that-does-not-exist","Using an index that does not exist",[14,70534,70535,70536,25],{},"If the index is outside the valid range, Python raises an ",[17,70537,70403],{},[60,70539,70541],{"className":62,"code":70540,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(5)\n",[17,70542,70543,70563],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,70544,70545,70547,70549,70551,70553,70555,70557,70559,70561],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,70546,801],{"class":75},[69,70548,80],{"class":79},[69,70550,84],{"class":83},[69,70552,2197],{"class":87},[69,70554,91],{"class":83},[69,70556,7420],{"class":87},[69,70558,91],{"class":83},[69,70560,7425],{"class":87},[69,70562,103],{"class":83},[69,70564,70565,70567,70569,70571,70573,70575],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,70566,3512],{"class":75},[69,70568,25],{"class":83},[69,70570,25894],{"class":121},[69,70572,113],{"class":83},[69,70574,670],{"class":87},[69,70576,221],{"class":83},[14,70578,643],{},[60,70580,70582],{"className":62,"code":70581,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"IndexError: pop index out of range\n",[17,70583,70584],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,70585,70586,70588,70590,70593],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,70587,70403],{"class":1126},[69,70589,1044],{"class":83},[69,70591,70592],{"class":75}," pop index out of ",[69,70594,70595],{"class":109},"range\n",[14,70597,38924],{},[30,70599,70600,70605],{},[33,70601,70602,70603],{},"Check the list length with ",[17,70604,42025],{},[33,70606,70607],{},"Make sure the index is valid before removing",[60,70609,70611],{"className":62,"code":70610,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = 2\n\nif 0 \u003C= index \u003C len(numbers):\n    print(numbers.pop(index))\nelse:\n    print(\"Index is out of range.\")\n",[17,70612,70613,70633,70642,70646,70668,70686,70692],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,70614,70615,70617,70619,70621,70623,70625,70627,70629,70631],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,70616,801],{"class":75},[69,70618,80],{"class":79},[69,70620,84],{"class":83},[69,70622,2197],{"class":87},[69,70624,91],{"class":83},[69,70626,7420],{"class":87},[69,70628,91],{"class":83},[69,70630,7425],{"class":87},[69,70632,103],{"class":83},[69,70634,70635,70638,70640],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,70636,70637],{"class":75},"index ",[69,70639,80],{"class":79},[69,70641,45255],{"class":87},[69,70643,70644],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,70645,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,70647,70648,70650,70652,70655,70658,70660,70662,70664,70666],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,70649,6625],{"class":773},[69,70651,267],{"class":87},[69,70653,70654],{"class":79}," \u003C=",[69,70656,70657],{"class":75}," index ",[69,70659,852],{"class":79},[69,70661,38048],{"class":109},[69,70663,113],{"class":83},[69,70665,3512],{"class":121},[69,70667,7974],{"class":83},[69,70669,70670,70672,70674,70676,70678,70680,70682,70684],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,70671,7700],{"class":109},[69,70673,113],{"class":83},[69,70675,3512],{"class":121},[69,70677,25],{"class":83},[69,70679,25894],{"class":121},[69,70681,113],{"class":83},[69,70683,35505],{"class":121},[69,70685,342],{"class":83},[69,70687,70688,70690],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,70689,27087],{"class":773},[69,70691,1235],{"class":83},[69,70693,70694,70696,70698,70700,70703,70705],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,70695,7700],{"class":109},[69,70697,113],{"class":83},[69,70699,333],{"class":94},[69,70701,70702],{"class":336},"Index is out of range.",[69,70704,333],{"class":94},[69,70706,221],{"class":83},[14,70708,70709,70710,25],{},"For more help with this kind of problem, see ",[192,70711,68931],{"href":68930},[1369,70713,70715],{"id":70714},"passing-a-non-integer-index","Passing a non-integer index",[14,70717,70718,70720],{},[17,70719,12406],{}," expects an integer index.",[60,70722,70724],{"className":62,"code":70723,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(\"1\")\n",[17,70725,70726,70746],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,70727,70728,70730,70732,70734,70736,70738,70740,70742,70744],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,70729,801],{"class":75},[69,70731,80],{"class":79},[69,70733,84],{"class":83},[69,70735,2197],{"class":87},[69,70737,91],{"class":83},[69,70739,7420],{"class":87},[69,70741,91],{"class":83},[69,70743,7425],{"class":87},[69,70745,103],{"class":83},[69,70747,70748,70750,70752,70754,70756,70758,70760,70762],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,70749,3512],{"class":75},[69,70751,25],{"class":83},[69,70753,25894],{"class":121},[69,70755,113],{"class":83},[69,70757,333],{"class":94},[69,70759,473],{"class":336},[69,70761,333],{"class":94},[69,70763,221],{"class":83},[14,70765,643],{},[60,70767,70769],{"className":62,"code":70768,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"TypeError: 'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer\n",[17,70770,70771],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,70772,70773,70775,70777,70779,70781,70783,70785,70788,70791],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,70774,2870],{"class":1126},[69,70776,1044],{"class":83},[69,70778,3161],{"class":94},[69,70780,3309],{"class":336},[69,70782,488],{"class":94},[69,70784,24269],{"class":1126},[69,70786,70787],{"class":75}," cannot be interpreted ",[69,70789,70790],{"class":773},"as",[69,70792,70793],{"class":75}," an integer\n",[14,70795,38924],{},[30,70797,70798,70807],{},[33,70799,70800,70801,2057,70803,2061,70805],{},"Pass an integer such as ",[17,70802,88],{},[17,70804,473],{},[17,70806,65526],{},[33,70808,70809],{},"If the value comes from input, convert it first",[60,70811,70813],{"className":62,"code":70812,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = int(\"1\")\n\nprint(numbers.pop(index))\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,70814,70815,70835,70853,70857,70875],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,70816,70817,70819,70821,70823,70825,70827,70829,70831,70833],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,70818,801],{"class":75},[69,70820,80],{"class":79},[69,70822,84],{"class":83},[69,70824,2197],{"class":87},[69,70826,91],{"class":83},[69,70828,7420],{"class":87},[69,70830,91],{"class":83},[69,70832,7425],{"class":87},[69,70834,103],{"class":83},[69,70836,70837,70839,70841,70843,70845,70847,70849,70851],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,70838,70637],{"class":75},[69,70840,80],{"class":79},[69,70842,44942],{"class":1126},[69,70844,113],{"class":83},[69,70846,333],{"class":94},[69,70848,473],{"class":336},[69,70850,333],{"class":94},[69,70852,221],{"class":83},[69,70854,70855],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,70856,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,70858,70859,70861,70863,70865,70867,70869,70871,70873],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,70860,110],{"class":109},[69,70862,113],{"class":83},[69,70864,3512],{"class":121},[69,70866,25],{"class":83},[69,70868,25894],{"class":121},[69,70870,113],{"class":83},[69,70872,35505],{"class":121},[69,70874,342],{"class":83},[69,70876,70877,70879,70881,70883],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,70878,110],{"class":109},[69,70880,113],{"class":83},[69,70882,3512],{"class":121},[69,70884,221],{"class":83},[14,70886,643],{},[60,70888,70890],{"className":62,"code":70889,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"20\n[10, 30]\n",[17,70891,70892,70897],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,70893,70894],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,70895,70896],{"class":87},"20\n",[69,70898,70899,70901,70903,70905,70907],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,70900,3739],{"class":83},[69,70902,2197],{"class":87},[69,70904,91],{"class":83},[69,70906,7425],{"class":87},[69,70908,103],{"class":83},[141,70910,70912],{"id":70911},"pop-vs-remove","pop() vs remove()",[14,70914,70915],{},"These methods are similar, but they are not the same.",[1369,70917,132,70919,10239],{"id":70918},"use-pop-when",[17,70920,12406],{},[30,70922,70923,70926,70929],{},[33,70924,70925],{},"you want to remove by index",[33,70927,70928],{},"you want the removed item returned",[33,70930,70931],{},"you want to remove the last item by default",[1369,70933,132,70935,10239],{"id":70934},"use-remove-when",[17,70936,55198],{},[30,70938,70939,70942],{},[33,70940,70941],{},"you want to remove by value",[33,70943,70944],{},"you know the item itself, not its position",[14,70946,70947],{},"Compare these examples:",[60,70949,70951],{"className":62,"code":70950,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nremoved = numbers.pop(1)\nprint(removed)\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,70952,70953,70977,70981,70999,71009],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,70954,70955,70957,70959,70961,70963,70965,70967,70969,70971,70973,70975],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,70956,801],{"class":75},[69,70958,80],{"class":79},[69,70960,84],{"class":83},[69,70962,2197],{"class":87},[69,70964,91],{"class":83},[69,70966,7420],{"class":87},[69,70968,91],{"class":83},[69,70970,7425],{"class":87},[69,70972,91],{"class":83},[69,70974,7420],{"class":87},[69,70976,103],{"class":83},[69,70978,70979],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,70980,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,70982,70983,70985,70987,70989,70991,70993,70995,70997],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,70984,69606],{"class":75},[69,70986,80],{"class":79},[69,70988,865],{"class":75},[69,70990,25],{"class":83},[69,70992,25894],{"class":121},[69,70994,113],{"class":83},[69,70996,473],{"class":87},[69,70998,221],{"class":83},[69,71000,71001,71003,71005,71007],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,71002,110],{"class":109},[69,71004,113],{"class":83},[69,71006,69629],{"class":121},[69,71008,221],{"class":83},[69,71010,71011,71013,71015,71017],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,71012,110],{"class":109},[69,71014,113],{"class":83},[69,71016,3512],{"class":121},[69,71018,221],{"class":83},[14,71020,643],{},[60,71022,71024],{"className":62,"code":71023,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"20\n[10, 30, 20]\n",[17,71025,71026,71030],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,71027,71028],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,71029,70896],{"class":87},[69,71031,71032,71034,71036,71038,71040,71042,71044],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,71033,3739],{"class":83},[69,71035,2197],{"class":87},[69,71037,91],{"class":83},[69,71039,7425],{"class":87},[69,71041,91],{"class":83},[69,71043,7420],{"class":87},[69,71045,103],{"class":83},[60,71047,71049],{"className":62,"code":71048,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nnumbers.remove(20)\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,71050,71051,71075,71079,71093],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,71052,71053,71055,71057,71059,71061,71063,71065,71067,71069,71071,71073],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,71054,801],{"class":75},[69,71056,80],{"class":79},[69,71058,84],{"class":83},[69,71060,2197],{"class":87},[69,71062,91],{"class":83},[69,71064,7420],{"class":87},[69,71066,91],{"class":83},[69,71068,7425],{"class":87},[69,71070,91],{"class":83},[69,71072,7420],{"class":87},[69,71074,103],{"class":83},[69,71076,71077],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,71078,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,71080,71081,71083,71085,71087,71089,71091],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,71082,3512],{"class":75},[69,71084,25],{"class":83},[69,71086,34452],{"class":121},[69,71088,113],{"class":83},[69,71090,15401],{"class":87},[69,71092,221],{"class":83},[69,71094,71095,71097,71099,71101],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,71096,110],{"class":109},[69,71098,113],{"class":83},[69,71100,3512],{"class":121},[69,71102,221],{"class":83},[14,71104,643],{},[60,71106,71108],{"className":62,"code":71107,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[10, 30, 20]\n",[17,71109,71110],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,71111,71112,71114,71116,71118,71120,71122,71124],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,71113,3739],{"class":83},[69,71115,2197],{"class":87},[69,71117,91],{"class":83},[69,71119,7425],{"class":87},[69,71121,91],{"class":83},[69,71123,7420],{"class":87},[69,71125,103],{"class":83},[14,71127,71128,71129,71132,71133,25],{},"In the first example, ",[17,71130,71131],{},"pop(1)"," removes the item at index ",[17,71134,473],{},[14,71136,56274,71137,71140,71141,25],{},[17,71138,71139],{},"remove(20)"," removes the first matching value ",[17,71142,15401],{},[14,71144,71145,71146,25],{},"If your goal is practical list cleanup, see ",[192,71147,54737],{"href":54736},[141,71149,2698],{"id":2697},[14,71151,71152,71153,1044],{},"Beginners often run into these problems with ",[17,71154,12406],{},[30,71156,71157,71160,71163,71169,71173],{},[33,71158,71159],{},"Trying to pop from an empty list",[33,71161,71162],{},"Using an index larger than the list length",[33,71164,36865,71165,8339,71167],{},[17,71166,12406],{},[17,71168,55198],{},[33,71170,8086,71171,61643],{},[17,71172,12406],{},[33,71174,71175],{},"Passing a string instead of an integer index",[14,71177,71178],{},"Helpful checks while debugging:",[60,71180,71182],{"className":62,"code":71181,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.pop())\nprint(my_list.pop(0))\nprint(type(index))\n",[17,71183,71184,71194,71208,71222,71240],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,71185,71186,71188,71190,71192],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,71187,110],{"class":109},[69,71189,113],{"class":83},[69,71191,7971],{"class":121},[69,71193,221],{"class":83},[69,71195,71196,71198,71200,71202,71204,71206],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,71197,110],{"class":109},[69,71199,113],{"class":83},[69,71201,10801],{"class":109},[69,71203,113],{"class":83},[69,71205,7971],{"class":121},[69,71207,342],{"class":83},[69,71209,71210,71212,71214,71216,71218,71220],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,71211,110],{"class":109},[69,71213,113],{"class":83},[69,71215,7971],{"class":121},[69,71217,25],{"class":83},[69,71219,25894],{"class":121},[69,71221,6822],{"class":83},[69,71223,71224,71226,71228,71230,71232,71234,71236,71238],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,71225,110],{"class":109},[69,71227,113],{"class":83},[69,71229,7971],{"class":121},[69,71231,25],{"class":83},[69,71233,25894],{"class":121},[69,71235,113],{"class":83},[69,71237,88],{"class":87},[69,71239,342],{"class":83},[69,71241,71242,71244,71246,71248,71250,71252],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,71243,110],{"class":109},[69,71245,113],{"class":83},[69,71247,3087],{"class":1126},[69,71249,113],{"class":83},[69,71251,35505],{"class":121},[69,71253,342],{"class":83},[14,71255,71256],{},"Be careful with these debugging lines:",[30,71258,71259,71265],{},[33,71260,71261,71264],{},[17,71262,71263],{},"print(my_list.pop())"," changes the list",[33,71266,71267,71270],{},[17,71268,71269],{},"print(my_list.pop(0))"," also changes the list",[14,71272,71273,71274,71277],{},"If you only want to inspect the list, use ",[17,71275,71276],{},"print(my_list)"," first.",[141,71279,1651],{"id":1650},[1369,71281,71283],{"id":71282},"does-pop-remove-the-last-item-by-default","Does pop() remove the last item by default?",[14,71285,71286,71287,71289],{},"Yes. If you do not pass an index, ",[17,71288,12406],{}," removes and returns the last item.",[1369,71291,71293],{"id":71292},"what-is-the-difference-between-pop-and-remove","What is the difference between pop() and remove()?",[14,71295,71296,71298,71299,71301,71302,25],{},[17,71297,12406],{}," removes by index and returns the removed item. ",[17,71300,55198],{}," removes by value and returns ",[17,71303,449],{},[1369,71305,71307],{"id":71306},"can-pop-use-negative-indexes","Can pop() use negative indexes?",[14,71309,71310,71311,71314],{},"Yes. For example, ",[17,71312,71313],{},"pop(-1)"," removes the last item.",[1369,71316,71318],{"id":71317},"what-happens-if-the-list-is-empty","What happens if the list is empty?",[14,71320,71321,71322,71324],{},"Python raises ",[17,71323,70403],{}," because there is no item to remove.",[141,71326,1771],{"id":1770},[30,71328,71329,71333,71338,71343,71348],{},[33,71330,71331],{},[192,71332,55184],{"href":54736},[33,71334,71335],{},[192,71336,71337],{"href":54741},"Python list remove() method",[33,71339,71340],{},[192,71341,71342],{"href":58635},"Python list index() method",[33,71344,71345],{},[192,71346,71347],{"href":50647},"Python lists explained: beginner guide",[33,71349,71350],{},[192,71351,68931],{"href":68930},[1802,71353,71354],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":71356},[71357,71358,71359,71360,71361,71362,71363,71368,71374,71375,71381],{"id":1869,"depth":106,"text":1870},{"id":69532,"depth":106,"text":69533},{"id":2023,"depth":106,"text":2024},{"id":69842,"depth":106,"text":69843},{"id":69971,"depth":106,"text":69972},{"id":70242,"depth":106,"text":70243},{"id":70389,"depth":106,"text":70390,"children":71364},[71365,71366,71367],{"id":70393,"depth":300,"text":70394},{"id":70531,"depth":300,"text":70532},{"id":70714,"depth":300,"text":70715},{"id":70911,"depth":106,"text":70912,"children":71369},[71370,71372],{"id":70918,"depth":300,"text":71371},"Use pop() when:",{"id":70934,"depth":300,"text":71373},"Use remove() when:",{"id":2697,"depth":106,"text":2698},{"id":1650,"depth":106,"text":1651,"children":71376},[71377,71378,71379,71380],{"id":71282,"depth":300,"text":71283},{"id":71292,"depth":300,"text":71293},{"id":71306,"depth":300,"text":71307},{"id":71317,"depth":300,"text":71318},{"id":1770,"depth":106,"text":1771},"Master python list pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method",{"title":69399,"description":71382},"reference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method","kHX2O4xs3stUx9ClpKy3mBjYQCERRseG-ecaBv6b1II",{"id":71389,"title":71390,"body":71391,"description":73177,"extension":1828,"meta":73178,"navigation":833,"path":73179,"seo":73180,"stem":73181,"__hash__":73182},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method.md","Python List remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":71392,"toc":73159},[71393,71396,71401,71407,71409,71479,71485,71489,71494,71515,71518,71585,71587,71608,71616,71618,71637,71653,71655,71720,71722,71747,71749,71751,71816,71818,71843,71845,71859,71862,71915,71917,71938,71942,71950,72023,72025,72058,72064,72070,72161,72163,72188,72194,72283,72285,72309,72311,72315,72370,72372,72404,72407,72410,72504,72506,72539,72545,72551,72555,72562,72588,72592,72657,72659,72684,72688,72769,72771,72800,72805,72810,72816,72820,72827,72849,72853,72912,72914,72938,72947,72952,72954,72958,72987,72989,73064,73067,73081,73087,73089,73093,73096,73100,73105,73109,73118,73122,73130,73132,73156],[10,71394,71390],{"id":71395},"python-list-remove-method",[14,71397,1845,71398,71400],{},[17,71399,54744],{}," method deletes the first item in a list that matches a given value.",[14,71402,71403,71404,71406],{},"Use this method when you know the ",[22,71405,2339],{}," you want to remove, not the position. This page focuses on removing by value, not by index.",[141,71408,1870],{"id":1869},[60,71410,71412],{"className":62,"code":71411,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[17,71413,71414,71446,71464,71474],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,71415,71416,71418,71420,71422,71424,71426,71428,71430,71432,71434,71436,71438,71440,71442,71444],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,71417,7409],{"class":75},[69,71419,80],{"class":79},[69,71421,84],{"class":83},[69,71423,333],{"class":94},[69,71425,952],{"class":336},[69,71427,333],{"class":94},[69,71429,91],{"class":83},[69,71431,964],{"class":94},[69,71433,967],{"class":336},[69,71435,333],{"class":94},[69,71437,91],{"class":83},[69,71439,964],{"class":94},[69,71441,32877],{"class":336},[69,71443,333],{"class":94},[69,71445,103],{"class":83},[69,71447,71448,71450,71452,71454,71456,71458,71460,71462],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,71449,7440],{"class":75},[69,71451,25],{"class":83},[69,71453,34452],{"class":121},[69,71455,113],{"class":83},[69,71457,333],{"class":94},[69,71459,967],{"class":336},[69,71461,333],{"class":94},[69,71463,221],{"class":83},[69,71465,71466,71468,71470,71472],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,71467,110],{"class":109},[69,71469,113],{"class":83},[69,71471,7440],{"class":121},[69,71473,221],{"class":83},[69,71475,71476],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,71477,71478],{"class":128},"# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[14,71480,132,71481,71484],{},[17,71482,71483],{},"remove(value)"," to delete the first matching item from a list.",[141,71486,71488],{"id":71487},"what-remove-does","What remove() does",[14,71490,71491,71493],{},[17,71492,55198],{}," is a list method that:",[30,71495,71496,71502,71507,71512],{},[33,71497,71498,71499,71501],{},"Deletes the ",[22,71500,29563],{}," item in the list that matches the value",[33,71503,71504,71505],{},"Changes the original list ",[22,71506,10974],{},[33,71508,12347,71509,71511],{},[22,71510,4457],{}," return a new list",[33,71513,71514],{},"Is useful when you know the item value you want to delete",[14,71516,71517],{},"This is important for beginners:",[60,71519,71521],{"className":62,"code":71520,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.remove(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[17,71522,71523,71543,71561,71565,71575],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,71524,71525,71527,71529,71531,71533,71535,71537,71539,71541],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,71526,801],{"class":75},[69,71528,80],{"class":79},[69,71530,84],{"class":83},[69,71532,473],{"class":87},[69,71534,91],{"class":83},[69,71536,316],{"class":87},[69,71538,91],{"class":83},[69,71540,516],{"class":87},[69,71542,103],{"class":83},[69,71544,71545,71547,71549,71551,71553,71555,71557,71559],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,71546,839],{"class":75},[69,71548,80],{"class":79},[69,71550,865],{"class":75},[69,71552,25],{"class":83},[69,71554,34452],{"class":121},[69,71556,113],{"class":83},[69,71558,821],{"class":87},[69,71560,221],{"class":83},[69,71562,71563],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,71564,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,71566,71567,71569,71571,71573],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,71568,110],{"class":109},[69,71570,113],{"class":83},[69,71572,3512],{"class":121},[69,71574,221],{"class":83},[69,71576,71577,71579,71581,71583],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,71578,110],{"class":109},[69,71580,113],{"class":83},[69,71582,876],{"class":121},[69,71584,221],{"class":83},[14,71586,643],{},[60,71588,71590],{"className":62,"code":71589,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[1, 3]\nNone\n",[17,71591,71592,71604],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,71593,71594,71596,71598,71600,71602],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,71595,3739],{"class":83},[69,71597,473],{"class":87},[69,71599,91],{"class":83},[69,71601,516],{"class":87},[69,71603,103],{"class":83},[69,71605,71606],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,71607,11450],{"class":289},[14,71609,71610,71611,71613,71614,25],{},"The list changed, but ",[17,71612,55198],{}," itself returned ",[17,71615,449],{},[141,71617,201],{"id":200},[60,71619,71621],{"className":62,"code":71620,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"list.remove(value)\n",[17,71622,71623],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,71624,71625,71627,71629,71631,71633,71635],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,71626,7725],{"class":1126},[69,71628,25],{"class":83},[69,71630,34452],{"class":121},[69,71632,113],{"class":83},[69,71634,2339],{"class":121},[69,71636,221],{"class":83},[30,71638,71639,71644,71647],{},[33,71640,71641,71643],{},[17,71642,2339],{}," is the item you want to delete",[33,71645,71646],{},"Python searches from left to right",[33,71648,71649,71650,71652],{},"Only the ",[22,71651,29563],{}," matching value is removed",[14,71654,2076],{},[60,71656,71658],{"className":62,"code":71657,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nletters.remove(\"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[17,71659,71660,71692,71710],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,71661,71662,71664,71666,71668,71670,71672,71674,71676,71678,71680,71682,71684,71686,71688,71690],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,71663,35750],{"class":75},[69,71665,80],{"class":79},[69,71667,84],{"class":83},[69,71669,333],{"class":94},[69,71671,192],{"class":336},[69,71673,333],{"class":94},[69,71675,91],{"class":83},[69,71677,964],{"class":94},[69,71679,4587],{"class":336},[69,71681,333],{"class":94},[69,71683,91],{"class":83},[69,71685,964],{"class":94},[69,71687,9376],{"class":336},[69,71689,333],{"class":94},[69,71691,103],{"class":83},[69,71693,71694,71696,71698,71700,71702,71704,71706,71708],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,71695,35803],{"class":75},[69,71697,25],{"class":83},[69,71699,34452],{"class":121},[69,71701,113],{"class":83},[69,71703,333],{"class":94},[69,71705,4587],{"class":336},[69,71707,333],{"class":94},[69,71709,221],{"class":83},[69,71711,71712,71714,71716,71718],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,71713,110],{"class":109},[69,71715,113],{"class":83},[69,71717,35803],{"class":121},[69,71719,221],{"class":83},[14,71721,643],{},[60,71723,71725],{"className":62,"code":71724,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['a', 'c']\n",[17,71726,71727],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,71728,71729,71731,71733,71735,71737,71739,71741,71743,71745],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,71730,3739],{"class":83},[69,71732,488],{"class":94},[69,71734,192],{"class":336},[69,71736,488],{"class":94},[69,71738,91],{"class":83},[69,71740,3161],{"class":94},[69,71742,9376],{"class":336},[69,71744,488],{"class":94},[69,71746,103],{"class":83},[141,71748,598],{"id":597},[14,71750,64846],{},[60,71752,71754],{"className":62,"code":71753,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[17,71755,71756,71788,71806],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,71757,71758,71760,71762,71764,71766,71768,71770,71772,71774,71776,71778,71780,71782,71784,71786],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,71759,12720],{"class":75},[69,71761,80],{"class":79},[69,71763,84],{"class":83},[69,71765,333],{"class":94},[69,71767,12737],{"class":336},[69,71769,333],{"class":94},[69,71771,91],{"class":83},[69,71773,964],{"class":94},[69,71775,12754],{"class":336},[69,71777,333],{"class":94},[69,71779,91],{"class":83},[69,71781,964],{"class":94},[69,71783,17104],{"class":336},[69,71785,333],{"class":94},[69,71787,103],{"class":83},[69,71789,71790,71792,71794,71796,71798,71800,71802,71804],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,71791,17151],{"class":75},[69,71793,25],{"class":83},[69,71795,34452],{"class":121},[69,71797,113],{"class":83},[69,71799,333],{"class":94},[69,71801,12754],{"class":336},[69,71803,333],{"class":94},[69,71805,221],{"class":83},[69,71807,71808,71810,71812,71814],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,71809,110],{"class":109},[69,71811,113],{"class":83},[69,71813,17151],{"class":121},[69,71815,221],{"class":83},[14,71817,643],{},[60,71819,71821],{"className":62,"code":71820,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['red', 'green']\n",[17,71822,71823],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,71824,71825,71827,71829,71831,71833,71835,71837,71839,71841],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,71826,3739],{"class":83},[69,71828,488],{"class":94},[69,71830,12737],{"class":336},[69,71832,488],{"class":94},[69,71834,91],{"class":83},[69,71836,3161],{"class":94},[69,71838,17104],{"class":336},[69,71840,488],{"class":94},[69,71842,103],{"class":83},[14,71844,11325],{},[30,71846,71847,71850,71856],{},[33,71848,71849],{},"A list is created with three values",[33,71851,71852,71855],{},[17,71853,71854],{},"remove(\"blue\")"," deletes the matching item",[33,71857,71858],{},"The list is printed after the change",[14,71860,71861],{},"You can use the same method with numbers too:",[60,71863,71865],{"className":62,"code":71864,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"scores = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nscores.remove(30)\nprint(scores)\n",[17,71866,71867,71891,71905],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,71868,71869,71871,71873,71875,71877,71879,71881,71883,71885,71887,71889],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,71870,4891],{"class":75},[69,71872,80],{"class":79},[69,71874,84],{"class":83},[69,71876,2197],{"class":87},[69,71878,91],{"class":83},[69,71880,7420],{"class":87},[69,71882,91],{"class":83},[69,71884,7425],{"class":87},[69,71886,91],{"class":83},[69,71888,50511],{"class":87},[69,71890,103],{"class":83},[69,71892,71893,71895,71897,71899,71901,71903],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,71894,16036],{"class":75},[69,71896,25],{"class":83},[69,71898,34452],{"class":121},[69,71900,113],{"class":83},[69,71902,36502],{"class":87},[69,71904,221],{"class":83},[69,71906,71907,71909,71911,71913],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,71908,110],{"class":109},[69,71910,113],{"class":83},[69,71912,16036],{"class":121},[69,71914,221],{"class":83},[14,71916,643],{},[60,71918,71920],{"className":62,"code":71919,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[10, 20, 40]\n",[17,71921,71922],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,71923,71924,71926,71928,71930,71932,71934,71936],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,71925,3739],{"class":83},[69,71927,2197],{"class":87},[69,71929,91],{"class":83},[69,71931,7420],{"class":87},[69,71933,91],{"class":83},[69,71935,50511],{"class":87},[69,71937,103],{"class":83},[141,71939,71941],{"id":71940},"what-happens-with-duplicates","What happens with duplicates",[14,71943,64836,71944,71946,71947,71949],{},[17,71945,55198],{}," deletes only the ",[22,71948,29563],{}," one.",[60,71951,71953],{"className":62,"code":71952,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[17,71954,71955,71995,72013],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,71956,71957,71959,71961,71963,71965,71967,71969,71971,71973,71975,71977,71979,71981,71983,71985,71987,71989,71991,71993],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,71958,7409],{"class":75},[69,71960,80],{"class":79},[69,71962,84],{"class":83},[69,71964,333],{"class":94},[69,71966,952],{"class":336},[69,71968,333],{"class":94},[69,71970,91],{"class":83},[69,71972,964],{"class":94},[69,71974,967],{"class":336},[69,71976,333],{"class":94},[69,71978,91],{"class":83},[69,71980,964],{"class":94},[69,71982,952],{"class":336},[69,71984,333],{"class":94},[69,71986,91],{"class":83},[69,71988,964],{"class":94},[69,71990,32877],{"class":336},[69,71992,333],{"class":94},[69,71994,103],{"class":83},[69,71996,71997,71999,72001,72003,72005,72007,72009,72011],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,71998,7440],{"class":75},[69,72000,25],{"class":83},[69,72002,34452],{"class":121},[69,72004,113],{"class":83},[69,72006,333],{"class":94},[69,72008,952],{"class":336},[69,72010,333],{"class":94},[69,72012,221],{"class":83},[69,72014,72015,72017,72019,72021],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,72016,110],{"class":109},[69,72018,113],{"class":83},[69,72020,7440],{"class":121},[69,72022,221],{"class":83},[14,72024,643],{},[60,72026,72028],{"className":62,"code":72027,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['banana', 'apple', 'orange']\n",[17,72029,72030],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,72031,72032,72034,72036,72038,72040,72042,72044,72046,72048,72050,72052,72054,72056],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,72033,3739],{"class":83},[69,72035,488],{"class":94},[69,72037,967],{"class":336},[69,72039,488],{"class":94},[69,72041,91],{"class":83},[69,72043,3161],{"class":94},[69,72045,952],{"class":336},[69,72047,488],{"class":94},[69,72049,91],{"class":83},[69,72051,3161],{"class":94},[69,72053,32877],{"class":336},[69,72055,488],{"class":94},[69,72057,103],{"class":83},[14,72059,72060,72061,72063],{},"Only the first ",[17,72062,57503],{}," was removed.",[14,72065,72066,72067,72069],{},"If you want to remove another matching value, call ",[17,72068,55198],{}," again:",[60,72071,72073],{"className":62,"code":72072,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[17,72074,72075,72115,72133,72151],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,72076,72077,72079,72081,72083,72085,72087,72089,72091,72093,72095,72097,72099,72101,72103,72105,72107,72109,72111,72113],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,72078,7409],{"class":75},[69,72080,80],{"class":79},[69,72082,84],{"class":83},[69,72084,333],{"class":94},[69,72086,952],{"class":336},[69,72088,333],{"class":94},[69,72090,91],{"class":83},[69,72092,964],{"class":94},[69,72094,967],{"class":336},[69,72096,333],{"class":94},[69,72098,91],{"class":83},[69,72100,964],{"class":94},[69,72102,952],{"class":336},[69,72104,333],{"class":94},[69,72106,91],{"class":83},[69,72108,964],{"class":94},[69,72110,32877],{"class":336},[69,72112,333],{"class":94},[69,72114,103],{"class":83},[69,72116,72117,72119,72121,72123,72125,72127,72129,72131],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,72118,7440],{"class":75},[69,72120,25],{"class":83},[69,72122,34452],{"class":121},[69,72124,113],{"class":83},[69,72126,333],{"class":94},[69,72128,952],{"class":336},[69,72130,333],{"class":94},[69,72132,221],{"class":83},[69,72134,72135,72137,72139,72141,72143,72145,72147,72149],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,72136,7440],{"class":75},[69,72138,25],{"class":83},[69,72140,34452],{"class":121},[69,72142,113],{"class":83},[69,72144,333],{"class":94},[69,72146,952],{"class":336},[69,72148,333],{"class":94},[69,72150,221],{"class":83},[69,72152,72153,72155,72157,72159],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,72154,110],{"class":109},[69,72156,113],{"class":83},[69,72158,7440],{"class":121},[69,72160,221],{"class":83},[14,72162,643],{},[60,72164,72166],{"className":62,"code":72165,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['banana', 'orange']\n",[17,72167,72168],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,72169,72170,72172,72174,72176,72178,72180,72182,72184,72186],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,72171,3739],{"class":83},[69,72173,488],{"class":94},[69,72175,967],{"class":336},[69,72177,488],{"class":94},[69,72179,91],{"class":83},[69,72181,3161],{"class":94},[69,72183,32877],{"class":336},[69,72185,488],{"class":94},[69,72187,103],{"class":83},[14,72189,72190,72191,72193],{},"If you need to remove ",[22,72192,3579],{}," matching values, a list comprehension is usually better:",[60,72195,72197],{"className":62,"code":72196,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems = [item for item in items if item != \"apple\"]\nprint(items)\n",[17,72198,72199,72239,72273],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,72200,72201,72203,72205,72207,72209,72211,72213,72215,72217,72219,72221,72223,72225,72227,72229,72231,72233,72235,72237],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,72202,7409],{"class":75},[69,72204,80],{"class":79},[69,72206,84],{"class":83},[69,72208,333],{"class":94},[69,72210,952],{"class":336},[69,72212,333],{"class":94},[69,72214,91],{"class":83},[69,72216,964],{"class":94},[69,72218,967],{"class":336},[69,72220,333],{"class":94},[69,72222,91],{"class":83},[69,72224,964],{"class":94},[69,72226,952],{"class":336},[69,72228,333],{"class":94},[69,72230,91],{"class":83},[69,72232,964],{"class":94},[69,72234,32877],{"class":336},[69,72236,333],{"class":94},[69,72238,103],{"class":83},[69,72240,72241,72243,72245,72247,72249,72251,72253,72255,72258,72260,72262,72265,72267,72269,72271],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,72242,7409],{"class":75},[69,72244,80],{"class":79},[69,72246,84],{"class":83},[69,72248,28192],{"class":75},[69,72250,774],{"class":773},[69,72252,777],{"class":75},[69,72254,780],{"class":773},[69,72256,72257],{"class":75}," items ",[69,72259,6625],{"class":773},[69,72261,777],{"class":75},[69,72263,72264],{"class":79},"!=",[69,72266,964],{"class":94},[69,72268,952],{"class":336},[69,72270,333],{"class":94},[69,72272,103],{"class":83},[69,72274,72275,72277,72279,72281],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,72276,110],{"class":109},[69,72278,113],{"class":83},[69,72280,7440],{"class":121},[69,72282,221],{"class":83},[14,72284,643],{},[60,72286,72287],{"className":62,"code":72165,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,72288,72289],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,72290,72291,72293,72295,72297,72299,72301,72303,72305,72307],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,72292,3739],{"class":83},[69,72294,488],{"class":94},[69,72296,967],{"class":336},[69,72298,488],{"class":94},[69,72300,91],{"class":83},[69,72302,3161],{"class":94},[69,72304,32877],{"class":336},[69,72306,488],{"class":94},[69,72308,103],{"class":83},[141,72310,65302],{"id":65301},[14,72312,65305,72313,25],{},[17,72314,40367],{},[60,72316,72318],{"className":62,"code":72317,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"grape\")\n",[17,72319,72320,72352],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,72321,72322,72324,72326,72328,72330,72332,72334,72336,72338,72340,72342,72344,72346,72348,72350],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,72323,7409],{"class":75},[69,72325,80],{"class":79},[69,72327,84],{"class":83},[69,72329,333],{"class":94},[69,72331,952],{"class":336},[69,72333,333],{"class":94},[69,72335,91],{"class":83},[69,72337,964],{"class":94},[69,72339,967],{"class":336},[69,72341,333],{"class":94},[69,72343,91],{"class":83},[69,72345,964],{"class":94},[69,72347,32877],{"class":336},[69,72349,333],{"class":94},[69,72351,103],{"class":83},[69,72353,72354,72356,72358,72360,72362,72364,72366,72368],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,72355,7440],{"class":75},[69,72357,25],{"class":83},[69,72359,34452],{"class":121},[69,72361,113],{"class":83},[69,72363,333],{"class":94},[69,72365,22184],{"class":336},[69,72367,333],{"class":94},[69,72369,221],{"class":83},[14,72371,643],{},[60,72373,72375],{"className":62,"code":72374,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list\n",[17,72376,72377],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,72378,72379,72381,72383,72385,72387,72389,72391,72393,72395,72397,72399,72401],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,72380,40367],{"class":1126},[69,72382,1044],{"class":83},[69,72384,22211],{"class":1126},[69,72386,25],{"class":83},[69,72388,34452],{"class":121},[69,72390,113],{"class":83},[69,72392,2041],{"class":121},[69,72394,16099],{"class":83},[69,72396,860],{"class":75},[69,72398,4457],{"class":79},[69,72400,20824],{"class":79},[69,72402,72403],{"class":1126}," list\n",[14,72405,72406],{},"This is a common beginner mistake.",[14,72408,72409],{},"A safe pattern is to check first:",[60,72411,72413],{"className":62,"code":72412,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nvalue = \"grape\"\n\nif value in items:\n    items.remove(value)\n\nprint(items)\n",[17,72414,72415,72447,72459,72463,72475,72490,72494],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,72416,72417,72419,72421,72423,72425,72427,72429,72431,72433,72435,72437,72439,72441,72443,72445],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,72418,7409],{"class":75},[69,72420,80],{"class":79},[69,72422,84],{"class":83},[69,72424,333],{"class":94},[69,72426,952],{"class":336},[69,72428,333],{"class":94},[69,72430,91],{"class":83},[69,72432,964],{"class":94},[69,72434,967],{"class":336},[69,72436,333],{"class":94},[69,72438,91],{"class":83},[69,72440,964],{"class":94},[69,72442,32877],{"class":336},[69,72444,333],{"class":94},[69,72446,103],{"class":83},[69,72448,72449,72451,72453,72455,72457],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,72450,2313],{"class":75},[69,72452,80],{"class":79},[69,72454,964],{"class":94},[69,72456,22184],{"class":336},[69,72458,3224],{"class":94},[69,72460,72461],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,72462,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,72464,72465,72467,72469,72471,72473],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,72466,6625],{"class":773},[69,72468,21235],{"class":75},[69,72470,780],{"class":79},[69,72472,783],{"class":75},[69,72474,1235],{"class":83},[69,72476,72477,72480,72482,72484,72486,72488],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,72478,72479],{"class":75},"    items",[69,72481,25],{"class":83},[69,72483,34452],{"class":121},[69,72485,113],{"class":83},[69,72487,2339],{"class":121},[69,72489,221],{"class":83},[69,72491,72492],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,72493,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,72495,72496,72498,72500,72502],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,72497,110],{"class":109},[69,72499,113],{"class":83},[69,72501,7440],{"class":121},[69,72503,221],{"class":83},[14,72505,643],{},[60,72507,72509],{"className":62,"code":72508,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[17,72510,72511],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,72512,72513,72515,72517,72519,72521,72523,72525,72527,72529,72531,72533,72535,72537],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,72514,3739],{"class":83},[69,72516,488],{"class":94},[69,72518,952],{"class":336},[69,72520,488],{"class":94},[69,72522,91],{"class":83},[69,72524,3161],{"class":94},[69,72526,967],{"class":336},[69,72528,488],{"class":94},[69,72530,91],{"class":83},[69,72532,3161],{"class":94},[69,72534,32877],{"class":336},[69,72536,488],{"class":94},[69,72538,103],{"class":83},[14,72540,72541,72542,72544],{},"This avoids the error because ",[17,72543,55198],{}," runs only if the value exists.",[14,72546,72547,72548,25],{},"If you are troubleshooting this kind of problem, see ",[192,72549,65511],{"href":72550},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F",[141,72552,72554],{"id":72553},"remove-vs-pop","remove() vs pop()",[14,72556,72557,587,72559,72561],{},[17,72558,55198],{},[17,72560,12406],{}," both delete items from a list, but they work differently.",[30,72563,72564,72571,72577,72583],{},[33,72565,72566,72568,72569],{},[17,72567,55198],{}," deletes by ",[22,72570,2339],{},[33,72572,72573,72568,72575],{},[17,72574,12406],{},[22,72576,35505],{},[33,72578,72579,678,72581],{},[17,72580,55198],{},[17,72582,449],{},[33,72584,72585,72587],{},[17,72586,12406],{}," returns the removed item",[14,72589,45706,72590,1044],{},[17,72591,55198],{},[60,72593,72595],{"className":62,"code":72594,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n",[17,72596,72597,72629,72647],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,72598,72599,72601,72603,72605,72607,72609,72611,72613,72615,72617,72619,72621,72623,72625,72627],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,72600,7409],{"class":75},[69,72602,80],{"class":79},[69,72604,84],{"class":83},[69,72606,333],{"class":94},[69,72608,952],{"class":336},[69,72610,333],{"class":94},[69,72612,91],{"class":83},[69,72614,964],{"class":94},[69,72616,967],{"class":336},[69,72618,333],{"class":94},[69,72620,91],{"class":83},[69,72622,964],{"class":94},[69,72624,32877],{"class":336},[69,72626,333],{"class":94},[69,72628,103],{"class":83},[69,72630,72631,72633,72635,72637,72639,72641,72643,72645],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,72632,7440],{"class":75},[69,72634,25],{"class":83},[69,72636,34452],{"class":121},[69,72638,113],{"class":83},[69,72640,333],{"class":94},[69,72642,967],{"class":336},[69,72644,333],{"class":94},[69,72646,221],{"class":83},[69,72648,72649,72651,72653,72655],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,72650,110],{"class":109},[69,72652,113],{"class":83},[69,72654,7440],{"class":121},[69,72656,221],{"class":83},[14,72658,643],{},[60,72660,72662],{"className":62,"code":72661,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['apple', 'orange']\n",[17,72663,72664],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,72665,72666,72668,72670,72672,72674,72676,72678,72680,72682],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,72667,3739],{"class":83},[69,72669,488],{"class":94},[69,72671,952],{"class":336},[69,72673,488],{"class":94},[69,72675,91],{"class":83},[69,72677,3161],{"class":94},[69,72679,32877],{"class":336},[69,72681,488],{"class":94},[69,72683,103],{"class":83},[14,72685,45706,72686,1044],{},[17,72687,12406],{},[60,72689,72691],{"className":62,"code":72690,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nremoved_item = items.pop(1)\n\nprint(items)\nprint(removed_item)\n",[17,72692,72693,72725,72744,72748,72758],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,72694,72695,72697,72699,72701,72703,72705,72707,72709,72711,72713,72715,72717,72719,72721,72723],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,72696,7409],{"class":75},[69,72698,80],{"class":79},[69,72700,84],{"class":83},[69,72702,333],{"class":94},[69,72704,952],{"class":336},[69,72706,333],{"class":94},[69,72708,91],{"class":83},[69,72710,964],{"class":94},[69,72712,967],{"class":336},[69,72714,333],{"class":94},[69,72716,91],{"class":83},[69,72718,964],{"class":94},[69,72720,32877],{"class":336},[69,72722,333],{"class":94},[69,72724,103],{"class":83},[69,72726,72727,72730,72732,72734,72736,72738,72740,72742],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,72728,72729],{"class":75},"removed_item ",[69,72731,80],{"class":79},[69,72733,783],{"class":75},[69,72735,25],{"class":83},[69,72737,25894],{"class":121},[69,72739,113],{"class":83},[69,72741,473],{"class":87},[69,72743,221],{"class":83},[69,72745,72746],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,72747,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,72749,72750,72752,72754,72756],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,72751,110],{"class":109},[69,72753,113],{"class":83},[69,72755,7440],{"class":121},[69,72757,221],{"class":83},[69,72759,72760,72762,72764,72767],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,72761,110],{"class":109},[69,72763,113],{"class":83},[69,72765,72766],{"class":121},"removed_item",[69,72768,221],{"class":83},[14,72770,643],{},[60,72772,72774],{"className":62,"code":72773,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['apple', 'orange']\nbanana\n",[17,72775,72776,72796],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,72777,72778,72780,72782,72784,72786,72788,72790,72792,72794],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,72779,3739],{"class":83},[69,72781,488],{"class":94},[69,72783,952],{"class":336},[69,72785,488],{"class":94},[69,72787,91],{"class":83},[69,72789,3161],{"class":94},[69,72791,32877],{"class":336},[69,72793,488],{"class":94},[69,72795,103],{"class":83},[69,72797,72798],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,72799,70078],{"class":75},[14,72801,132,72802,72804],{},[17,72803,55198],{}," when you know the item value.",[14,72806,132,72807,72809],{},[17,72808,12406],{}," when you know the position and want the removed item back.",[14,72811,72812,72813,25],{},"For more detail, see the ",[192,72814,72815],{"href":54748},"Python list pop() method",[141,72817,72819],{"id":72818},"remove-vs-del","remove() vs del",[14,72821,72822,587,72824,72826],{},[17,72823,55198],{},[17,72825,26678],{}," are also different.",[30,72828,72829,72834,72839,72844],{},[33,72830,72831,72833],{},[17,72832,55198],{}," deletes by matching value",[33,72835,72836,72838],{},[17,72837,26678],{}," deletes by index or slice",[33,72840,132,72841,72843],{},[17,72842,26678],{}," when you know the position",[33,72845,132,72846,72848],{},[17,72847,55198],{}," when you know the item value",[14,72850,45706,72851,1044],{},[17,72852,26678],{},[60,72854,72856],{"className":62,"code":72855,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ndel items[1]\nprint(items)\n",[17,72857,72858,72890,72902],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,72859,72860,72862,72864,72866,72868,72870,72872,72874,72876,72878,72880,72882,72884,72886,72888],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,72861,7409],{"class":75},[69,72863,80],{"class":79},[69,72865,84],{"class":83},[69,72867,333],{"class":94},[69,72869,952],{"class":336},[69,72871,333],{"class":94},[69,72873,91],{"class":83},[69,72875,964],{"class":94},[69,72877,967],{"class":336},[69,72879,333],{"class":94},[69,72881,91],{"class":83},[69,72883,964],{"class":94},[69,72885,32877],{"class":336},[69,72887,333],{"class":94},[69,72889,103],{"class":83},[69,72891,72892,72894,72896,72898,72900],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,72893,26678],{"class":773},[69,72895,783],{"class":75},[69,72897,3739],{"class":83},[69,72899,473],{"class":87},[69,72901,103],{"class":83},[69,72903,72904,72906,72908,72910],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,72905,110],{"class":109},[69,72907,113],{"class":83},[69,72909,7440],{"class":121},[69,72911,221],{"class":83},[14,72913,643],{},[60,72915,72916],{"className":62,"code":72661,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,72917,72918],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,72919,72920,72922,72924,72926,72928,72930,72932,72934,72936],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,72921,3739],{"class":83},[69,72923,488],{"class":94},[69,72925,952],{"class":336},[69,72927,488],{"class":94},[69,72929,91],{"class":83},[69,72931,3161],{"class":94},[69,72933,32877],{"class":336},[69,72935,488],{"class":94},[69,72937,103],{"class":83},[14,72939,72940,72941,72943,72944,72946],{},"This removed the item at index ",[17,72942,473],{},", not the value ",[17,72945,64946],{}," directly.",[14,72948,72949,72950,25],{},"If you are not sure whether you should remove by value or by position, see ",[192,72951,54737],{"href":54736},[141,72953,2698],{"id":2697},[14,72955,20862,72956,1044],{},[17,72957,55198],{},[30,72959,72960,72963,72968,72975,72984],{},[33,72961,72962],{},"Trying to remove a value that is not in the list",[33,72964,8086,72965,72967],{},[17,72966,55198],{}," to delete all matching values",[33,72969,12237,72970,72972,72973],{},[17,72971,55198],{}," to a variable even though it returns ",[17,72974,449],{},[33,72976,8050,72977,44295,72979,54,72981,72983],{},[17,72978,55198],{},[17,72980,12406],{},[17,72982,26678],{}," would be a better fit",[33,72985,72986],{},"Confusing removing by value with removing by index",[14,72988,71178],{},[60,72990,72992],{"className":62,"code":72991,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(my_list)\nprint(value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(type(my_list))\nhelp(list.remove)\n",[17,72993,72994,73004,73018,73036,73050],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,72995,72996,72998,73000,73002],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,72997,110],{"class":109},[69,72999,113],{"class":83},[69,73001,7971],{"class":121},[69,73003,221],{"class":83},[69,73005,73006,73008,73010,73012,73014,73016],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,73007,110],{"class":109},[69,73009,113],{"class":83},[69,73011,2313],{"class":121},[69,73013,780],{"class":773},[69,73015,8028],{"class":121},[69,73017,221],{"class":83},[69,73019,73020,73022,73024,73026,73028,73030,73032,73034],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,73021,110],{"class":109},[69,73023,113],{"class":83},[69,73025,7971],{"class":121},[69,73027,25],{"class":83},[69,73029,40923],{"class":121},[69,73031,113],{"class":83},[69,73033,2339],{"class":121},[69,73035,342],{"class":83},[69,73037,73038,73040,73042,73044,73046,73048],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,73039,110],{"class":109},[69,73041,113],{"class":83},[69,73043,3087],{"class":1126},[69,73045,113],{"class":83},[69,73047,7971],{"class":121},[69,73049,342],{"class":83},[69,73051,73052,73054,73056,73058,73060,73062],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,73053,31808],{"class":109},[69,73055,113],{"class":83},[69,73057,7725],{"class":1126},[69,73059,25],{"class":83},[69,73061,34452],{"class":24402},[69,73063,221],{"class":83},[14,73065,73066],{},"These checks can help you answer questions like:",[30,73068,73069,73072,73075,73078],{},[33,73070,73071],{},"Is the value really in the list?",[33,73073,73074],{},"How many times does it appear?",[33,73076,73077],{},"Am I working with a list?",[33,73079,73080],{},"Am I using the method correctly?",[14,73082,73083,73084,73086],{},"If you need to find a value before removing it, the ",[192,73085,71342],{"href":58635}," may also help.",[141,73088,1651],{"id":1650},[1369,73090,73092],{"id":73091},"does-remove-delete-all-matching-items","Does remove() delete all matching items?",[14,73094,73095],{},"No. It removes only the first matching value.",[1369,73097,73099],{"id":73098},"what-does-listremove-return","What does list.remove() return?",[14,73101,1658,73102,73104],{},[17,73103,449],{},". It changes the original list directly.",[1369,73106,73108],{"id":73107},"how-do-i-avoid-an-error-if-the-value-is-missing","How do I avoid an error if the value is missing?",[14,73110,73111,73112,73115,73116,25],{},"Check with ",[17,73113,73114],{},"if value in my_list"," before calling ",[17,73117,55198],{},[1369,73119,73121],{"id":73120},"should-i-use-remove-or-pop","Should I use remove() or pop()?",[14,73123,132,73124,73126,73127,73129],{},[17,73125,55198],{}," for a value and ",[17,73128,12406],{}," for an index.",[141,73131,1771],{"id":1770},[30,73133,73134,73138,73142,73146,73150],{},[33,73135,73136],{},[192,73137,55184],{"href":54736},[33,73139,73140],{},[192,73141,72815],{"href":54748},[33,73143,73144],{},[192,73145,71342],{"href":58635},[33,73147,73148],{},[192,73149,65511],{"href":72550},[33,73151,73152],{},[192,73153,73155],{"href":73154},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix\u002F","ValueError: substring not found fix",[1802,73157,73158],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":73160},[73161,73162,73163,73164,73165,73166,73167,73168,73169,73170,73176],{"id":1869,"depth":106,"text":1870},{"id":71487,"depth":106,"text":71488},{"id":200,"depth":106,"text":201},{"id":597,"depth":106,"text":598},{"id":71940,"depth":106,"text":71941},{"id":65301,"depth":106,"text":65302},{"id":72553,"depth":106,"text":72554},{"id":72818,"depth":106,"text":72819},{"id":2697,"depth":106,"text":2698},{"id":1650,"depth":106,"text":1651,"children":73171},[73172,73173,73174,73175],{"id":73091,"depth":300,"text":73092},{"id":73098,"depth":300,"text":73099},{"id":73107,"depth":300,"text":73108},{"id":73120,"depth":300,"text":73121},{"id":1770,"depth":106,"text":1771},"Master python list remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method",{"title":71390,"description":73177},"reference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method","jE1uuXBERpMbOGTd_fSVoHqAttuM8Gy2xT1krJOL_nM",{"id":73184,"title":73185,"body":73186,"description":75077,"extension":1828,"meta":75078,"navigation":833,"path":75079,"seo":75080,"stem":75081,"__hash__":75082},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method.md","Python List reverse() Method",{"type":7,"value":73187,"toc":75047},[73188,73194,73200,73203,73214,73216,73265,73270,73275,73279,73294,73296,73361,73363,73404,73406,73408,73423,73425,73436,73438,73495,73497,73530,73532,73535,73584,73586,73611,73613,73629,73635,73642,73703,73705,73738,73743,73746,73826,73828,73889,73895,73899,73902,73966,73968,73993,73995,74015,74017,74066,74068,74089,74098,74101,74105,74110,74155,74157,74178,74184,74189,74197,74261,74263,74300,74306,74310,74317,74382,74384,74421,74425,74442,74452,74457,74462,74473,74480,74482,74488,74511,74514,74541,74546,74549,74650,74652,74707,74710,74817,74819,74890,74893,74919,74921,74926,74930,74938,74943,74948,74954,74959,74963,74966,74983,74986,75006,75014,75016,75044],[10,73189,54011,73191,10962],{"id":73190},"python-list-reverse-method",[17,73192,73193],{},"reverse()",[14,73195,73196,73199],{},[17,73197,73198],{},"list.reverse()"," reverses the order of items in a list.",[14,73201,73202],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it does not create a new list. This is important because beginners often expect it to return a reversed copy.",[14,73204,73205,73206,73208,73209,73213],{},"If you want to reverse a list, ",[17,73207,73193],{}," is useful when changing the original list is okay. If you need a new list instead, use ",[192,73210,73212],{"href":73211},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained\u002F","list slicing"," or another approach.",[141,73215,3473],{"id":3472},[60,73217,73219],{"className":62,"code":73218,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[17,73220,73221,73241,73252],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,73222,73223,73225,73227,73229,73231,73233,73235,73237,73239],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,73224,801],{"class":75},[69,73226,80],{"class":79},[69,73228,84],{"class":83},[69,73230,473],{"class":87},[69,73232,91],{"class":83},[69,73234,316],{"class":87},[69,73236,91],{"class":83},[69,73238,516],{"class":87},[69,73240,103],{"class":83},[69,73242,73243,73245,73247,73250],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,73244,3512],{"class":75},[69,73246,25],{"class":83},[69,73248,73249],{"class":121},"reverse",[69,73251,8277],{"class":83},[69,73253,73254,73256,73258,73260,73262],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,73255,110],{"class":109},[69,73257,113],{"class":83},[69,73259,3512],{"class":121},[69,73261,3525],{"class":83},[69,73263,73264],{"class":128},"  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[14,73266,73267,73269],{},[17,73268,73193],{}," changes the original list. It does not create a new list.",[141,73271,3540,73273,3543],{"id":73272},"what-listreverse-does",[17,73274,73198],{},[14,73276,73277,1044],{},[17,73278,73198],{},[30,73280,73281,73284,73287,73291],{},[33,73282,73283],{},"Reverses the order of items in a list",[33,73285,73286],{},"Changes the original list directly",[33,73288,11064,73289],{},[17,73290,449],{},[33,73292,73293],{},"Works only on list objects",[14,73295,2076],{},[60,73297,73299],{"className":62,"code":73298,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\"]\nletters.reverse()\nprint(letters)\n",[17,73300,73301,73341,73351],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,73302,73303,73305,73307,73309,73311,73313,73315,73317,73319,73321,73323,73325,73327,73329,73331,73333,73335,73337,73339],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,73304,35750],{"class":75},[69,73306,80],{"class":79},[69,73308,84],{"class":83},[69,73310,333],{"class":94},[69,73312,192],{"class":336},[69,73314,333],{"class":94},[69,73316,91],{"class":83},[69,73318,964],{"class":94},[69,73320,4587],{"class":336},[69,73322,333],{"class":94},[69,73324,91],{"class":83},[69,73326,964],{"class":94},[69,73328,9376],{"class":336},[69,73330,333],{"class":94},[69,73332,91],{"class":83},[69,73334,964],{"class":94},[69,73336,18417],{"class":336},[69,73338,333],{"class":94},[69,73340,103],{"class":83},[69,73342,73343,73345,73347,73349],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,73344,35803],{"class":75},[69,73346,25],{"class":83},[69,73348,73249],{"class":121},[69,73350,8277],{"class":83},[69,73352,73353,73355,73357,73359],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,73354,110],{"class":109},[69,73356,113],{"class":83},[69,73358,35803],{"class":121},[69,73360,221],{"class":83},[14,73362,643],{},[60,73364,73366],{"className":62,"code":73365,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['d', 'c', 'b', 'a']\n",[17,73367,73368],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,73369,73370,73372,73374,73376,73378,73380,73382,73384,73386,73388,73390,73392,73394,73396,73398,73400,73402],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,73371,3739],{"class":83},[69,73373,488],{"class":94},[69,73375,18417],{"class":336},[69,73377,488],{"class":94},[69,73379,91],{"class":83},[69,73381,3161],{"class":94},[69,73383,9376],{"class":336},[69,73385,488],{"class":94},[69,73387,91],{"class":83},[69,73389,3161],{"class":94},[69,73391,4587],{"class":336},[69,73393,488],{"class":94},[69,73395,91],{"class":83},[69,73397,3161],{"class":94},[69,73399,192],{"class":336},[69,73401,488],{"class":94},[69,73403,103],{"class":83},[141,73405,2024],{"id":2023},[14,73407,2027],{},[60,73409,73411],{"className":62,"code":73410,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_list.reverse()\n",[17,73412,73413],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,73414,73415,73417,73419,73421],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,73416,7971],{"class":75},[69,73418,25],{"class":83},[69,73420,73249],{"class":121},[69,73422,8277],{"class":83},[14,73424,12696],{},[30,73426,73427,73430,73433],{},[33,73428,73429],{},"No arguments are needed",[33,73431,73432],{},"You call it on an existing list",[33,73434,73435],{},"It only works on lists",[14,73437,2076],{},[60,73439,73441],{"className":62,"code":73440,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.reverse()\nprint(colors)\n",[17,73442,73443,73475,73485],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,73444,73445,73447,73449,73451,73453,73455,73457,73459,73461,73463,73465,73467,73469,73471,73473],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,73446,12720],{"class":75},[69,73448,80],{"class":79},[69,73450,84],{"class":83},[69,73452,333],{"class":94},[69,73454,12737],{"class":336},[69,73456,333],{"class":94},[69,73458,91],{"class":83},[69,73460,964],{"class":94},[69,73462,17104],{"class":336},[69,73464,333],{"class":94},[69,73466,91],{"class":83},[69,73468,964],{"class":94},[69,73470,12754],{"class":336},[69,73472,333],{"class":94},[69,73474,103],{"class":83},[69,73476,73477,73479,73481,73483],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,73478,17151],{"class":75},[69,73480,25],{"class":83},[69,73482,73249],{"class":121},[69,73484,8277],{"class":83},[69,73486,73487,73489,73491,73493],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,73488,110],{"class":109},[69,73490,113],{"class":83},[69,73492,17151],{"class":121},[69,73494,221],{"class":83},[14,73496,643],{},[60,73498,73500],{"className":62,"code":73499,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['blue', 'green', 'red']\n",[17,73501,73502],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,73503,73504,73506,73508,73510,73512,73514,73516,73518,73520,73522,73524,73526,73528],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,73505,3739],{"class":83},[69,73507,488],{"class":94},[69,73509,12754],{"class":336},[69,73511,488],{"class":94},[69,73513,91],{"class":83},[69,73515,3161],{"class":94},[69,73517,17104],{"class":336},[69,73519,488],{"class":94},[69,73521,91],{"class":83},[69,73523,3161],{"class":94},[69,73525,12737],{"class":336},[69,73527,488],{"class":94},[69,73529,103],{"class":83},[141,73531,11116],{"id":11115},[14,73533,73534],{},"Start with a list in normal order:",[60,73536,73538],{"className":62,"code":73537,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,73539,73540,73564,73574],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,73541,73542,73544,73546,73548,73550,73552,73554,73556,73558,73560,73562],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,73543,801],{"class":75},[69,73545,80],{"class":79},[69,73547,84],{"class":83},[69,73549,2197],{"class":87},[69,73551,91],{"class":83},[69,73553,7420],{"class":87},[69,73555,91],{"class":83},[69,73557,7425],{"class":87},[69,73559,91],{"class":83},[69,73561,50511],{"class":87},[69,73563,103],{"class":83},[69,73565,73566,73568,73570,73572],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,73567,3512],{"class":75},[69,73569,25],{"class":83},[69,73571,73249],{"class":121},[69,73573,8277],{"class":83},[69,73575,73576,73578,73580,73582],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,73577,110],{"class":109},[69,73579,113],{"class":83},[69,73581,3512],{"class":121},[69,73583,221],{"class":83},[14,73585,643],{},[60,73587,73589],{"className":62,"code":73588,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[17,73590,73591],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,73592,73593,73595,73597,73599,73601,73603,73605,73607,73609],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,73594,3739],{"class":83},[69,73596,56362],{"class":87},[69,73598,91],{"class":83},[69,73600,7425],{"class":87},[69,73602,91],{"class":83},[69,73604,7420],{"class":87},[69,73606,91],{"class":83},[69,73608,826],{"class":87},[69,73610,103],{"class":83},[14,73612,11325],{},[30,73614,73615,73621,73626],{},[33,73616,73617,73618],{},"The list starts as ",[17,73619,73620],{},"[10, 20, 30, 40]",[33,73622,73623,73625],{},[17,73624,73193],{}," flips the order",[33,73627,73628],{},"Printing the same list shows the updated result",[141,73630,73632,73634],{"id":73631},"reverse-changes-the-original-list",[17,73633,73193],{}," changes the original list",[14,73636,73637,73638,73641],{},"This method is ",[22,73639,73640],{},"in-place",". That means the list itself is changed.",[60,73643,73645],{"className":62,"code":73644,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nfruits.reverse()\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[17,73646,73647,73679,73689,73693],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,73648,73649,73651,73653,73655,73657,73659,73661,73663,73665,73667,73669,73671,73673,73675,73677],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,73650,35899],{"class":75},[69,73652,80],{"class":79},[69,73654,84],{"class":83},[69,73656,333],{"class":94},[69,73658,952],{"class":336},[69,73660,333],{"class":94},[69,73662,91],{"class":83},[69,73664,964],{"class":94},[69,73666,967],{"class":336},[69,73668,333],{"class":94},[69,73670,91],{"class":83},[69,73672,964],{"class":94},[69,73674,3930],{"class":336},[69,73676,333],{"class":94},[69,73678,103],{"class":83},[69,73680,73681,73683,73685,73687],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,73682,35951],{"class":75},[69,73684,25],{"class":83},[69,73686,73249],{"class":121},[69,73688,8277],{"class":83},[69,73690,73691],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,73692,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,73694,73695,73697,73699,73701],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,73696,110],{"class":109},[69,73698,113],{"class":83},[69,73700,35951],{"class":121},[69,73702,221],{"class":83},[14,73704,643],{},[60,73706,73708],{"className":62,"code":73707,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[17,73709,73710],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,73711,73712,73714,73716,73718,73720,73722,73724,73726,73728,73730,73732,73734,73736],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,73713,3739],{"class":83},[69,73715,488],{"class":94},[69,73717,3930],{"class":336},[69,73719,488],{"class":94},[69,73721,91],{"class":83},[69,73723,3161],{"class":94},[69,73725,967],{"class":336},[69,73727,488],{"class":94},[69,73729,91],{"class":83},[69,73731,3161],{"class":94},[69,73733,952],{"class":336},[69,73735,488],{"class":94},[69,73737,103],{"class":83},[14,73739,132,73740,73742],{},[17,73741,73193],{}," when you want to modify the current list.",[14,73744,73745],{},"If you need a new reversed list and want to keep the original unchanged, use slicing:",[60,73747,73749],{"className":62,"code":73748,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nreversed_fruits = fruits[::-1]\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(reversed_fruits)\n",[17,73750,73751,73783,73801,73805,73815],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,73752,73753,73755,73757,73759,73761,73763,73765,73767,73769,73771,73773,73775,73777,73779,73781],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,73754,35899],{"class":75},[69,73756,80],{"class":79},[69,73758,84],{"class":83},[69,73760,333],{"class":94},[69,73762,952],{"class":336},[69,73764,333],{"class":94},[69,73766,91],{"class":83},[69,73768,964],{"class":94},[69,73770,967],{"class":336},[69,73772,333],{"class":94},[69,73774,91],{"class":83},[69,73776,964],{"class":94},[69,73778,3930],{"class":336},[69,73780,333],{"class":94},[69,73782,103],{"class":83},[69,73784,73785,73788,73790,73792,73795,73797,73799],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,73786,73787],{"class":75},"reversed_fruits ",[69,73789,80],{"class":79},[69,73791,52520],{"class":75},[69,73793,73794],{"class":83},"[::",[69,73796,1889],{"class":79},[69,73798,473],{"class":87},[69,73800,103],{"class":83},[69,73802,73803],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,73804,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,73806,73807,73809,73811,73813],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,73808,110],{"class":109},[69,73810,113],{"class":83},[69,73812,35951],{"class":121},[69,73814,221],{"class":83},[69,73816,73817,73819,73821,73824],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,73818,110],{"class":109},[69,73820,113],{"class":83},[69,73822,73823],{"class":121},"reversed_fruits",[69,73825,221],{"class":83},[14,73827,643],{},[60,73829,73831],{"className":62,"code":73830,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[17,73832,73833,73861],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,73834,73835,73837,73839,73841,73843,73845,73847,73849,73851,73853,73855,73857,73859],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,73836,3739],{"class":83},[69,73838,488],{"class":94},[69,73840,952],{"class":336},[69,73842,488],{"class":94},[69,73844,91],{"class":83},[69,73846,3161],{"class":94},[69,73848,967],{"class":336},[69,73850,488],{"class":94},[69,73852,91],{"class":83},[69,73854,3161],{"class":94},[69,73856,3930],{"class":336},[69,73858,488],{"class":94},[69,73860,103],{"class":83},[69,73862,73863,73865,73867,73869,73871,73873,73875,73877,73879,73881,73883,73885,73887],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,73864,3739],{"class":83},[69,73866,488],{"class":94},[69,73868,3930],{"class":336},[69,73870,488],{"class":94},[69,73872,91],{"class":83},[69,73874,3161],{"class":94},[69,73876,967],{"class":336},[69,73878,488],{"class":94},[69,73880,91],{"class":83},[69,73882,3161],{"class":94},[69,73884,952],{"class":336},[69,73886,488],{"class":94},[69,73888,103],{"class":83},[14,73890,73891,73892,25],{},"If you want to learn more about this pattern, see ",[192,73893,73894],{"href":73211},"Python list slicing explained",[141,73896,73898],{"id":73897},"common-beginner-mistake-assigning-the-result","Common beginner mistake: assigning the result",[14,73900,73901],{},"A very common mistake is writing code like this:",[60,73903,73905],{"className":62,"code":73904,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_list = numbers.reverse()\n\nprint(new_list)\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,73906,73907,73927,73941,73945,73956],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,73908,73909,73911,73913,73915,73917,73919,73921,73923,73925],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,73910,801],{"class":75},[69,73912,80],{"class":79},[69,73914,84],{"class":83},[69,73916,473],{"class":87},[69,73918,91],{"class":83},[69,73920,316],{"class":87},[69,73922,91],{"class":83},[69,73924,516],{"class":87},[69,73926,103],{"class":83},[69,73928,73929,73931,73933,73935,73937,73939],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,73930,55559],{"class":75},[69,73932,80],{"class":79},[69,73934,865],{"class":75},[69,73936,25],{"class":83},[69,73938,73249],{"class":121},[69,73940,8277],{"class":83},[69,73942,73943],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,73944,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,73946,73947,73949,73951,73954],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,73948,110],{"class":109},[69,73950,113],{"class":83},[69,73952,73953],{"class":121},"new_list",[69,73955,221],{"class":83},[69,73957,73958,73960,73962,73964],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,73959,110],{"class":109},[69,73961,113],{"class":83},[69,73963,3512],{"class":121},[69,73965,221],{"class":83},[14,73967,643],{},[60,73969,73971],{"className":62,"code":73970,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"None\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[17,73972,73973,73977],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,73974,73975],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,73976,11450],{"class":289},[69,73978,73979,73981,73983,73985,73987,73989,73991],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,73980,3739],{"class":83},[69,73982,1929],{"class":87},[69,73984,91],{"class":83},[69,73986,316],{"class":87},[69,73988,91],{"class":83},[69,73990,272],{"class":87},[69,73992,103],{"class":83},[14,73994,11542],{},[30,73996,73997,74005,74009],{},[33,73998,73999,74001,74002,74004],{},[17,74000,73193],{}," changes ",[17,74003,3512],{}," directly",[33,74006,40569,74007,71511],{},[22,74008,4457],{},[33,74010,53322,74011,41819,74013],{},[17,74012,73953],{},[17,74014,449],{},[14,74016,61569],{},[60,74018,74020],{"className":62,"code":74019,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,74021,74022,74042,74052,74056],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,74023,74024,74026,74028,74030,74032,74034,74036,74038,74040],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,74025,801],{"class":75},[69,74027,80],{"class":79},[69,74029,84],{"class":83},[69,74031,473],{"class":87},[69,74033,91],{"class":83},[69,74035,316],{"class":87},[69,74037,91],{"class":83},[69,74039,516],{"class":87},[69,74041,103],{"class":83},[69,74043,74044,74046,74048,74050],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,74045,3512],{"class":75},[69,74047,25],{"class":83},[69,74049,73249],{"class":121},[69,74051,8277],{"class":83},[69,74053,74054],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,74055,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,74057,74058,74060,74062,74064],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,74059,110],{"class":109},[69,74061,113],{"class":83},[69,74063,3512],{"class":121},[69,74065,221],{"class":83},[14,74067,643],{},[60,74069,74071],{"className":62,"code":74070,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[3, 2, 1]\n",[17,74072,74073],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,74074,74075,74077,74079,74081,74083,74085,74087],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,74076,3739],{"class":83},[69,74078,1929],{"class":87},[69,74080,91],{"class":83},[69,74082,316],{"class":87},[69,74084,91],{"class":83},[69,74086,272],{"class":87},[69,74088,103],{"class":83},[141,74090,74092,10223,74094,74097],{"id":74091},"reverse-vs-sorted-vs-slicing",[17,74093,73193],{},[17,74095,74096],{},"sorted()"," vs slicing",[14,74099,74100],{},"These are similar, but they do different jobs.",[1369,74102,74103],{"id":73249},[17,74104,73193],{},[14,74106,74107,74109],{},[17,74108,73193],{}," flips the current order of the list.",[60,74111,74113],{"className":62,"code":74112,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,74114,74115,74135,74145],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,74116,74117,74119,74121,74123,74125,74127,74129,74131,74133],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,74118,801],{"class":75},[69,74120,80],{"class":79},[69,74122,84],{"class":83},[69,74124,1929],{"class":87},[69,74126,91],{"class":83},[69,74128,272],{"class":87},[69,74130,91],{"class":83},[69,74132,316],{"class":87},[69,74134,103],{"class":83},[69,74136,74137,74139,74141,74143],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,74138,3512],{"class":75},[69,74140,25],{"class":83},[69,74142,73249],{"class":121},[69,74144,8277],{"class":83},[69,74146,74147,74149,74151,74153],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,74148,110],{"class":109},[69,74150,113],{"class":83},[69,74152,3512],{"class":121},[69,74154,221],{"class":83},[14,74156,643],{},[60,74158,74160],{"className":62,"code":74159,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[2, 1, 3]\n",[17,74161,74162],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,74163,74164,74166,74168,74170,74172,74174,74176],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,74165,3739],{"class":83},[69,74167,821],{"class":87},[69,74169,91],{"class":83},[69,74171,272],{"class":87},[69,74173,91],{"class":83},[69,74175,516],{"class":87},[69,74177,103],{"class":83},[14,74179,74180,74181,74183],{},"Notice that this is ",[22,74182,4457],{}," sorted order. It is just the original list backward.",[1369,74185,74187],{"id":74186},"sorted",[17,74188,74096],{},[14,74190,74191,74196],{},[192,74192,74194],{"href":74193},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained\u002F",[17,74195,74096],{}," returns a new list in sorted order.",[60,74198,74200],{"className":62,"code":74199,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[17,74201,74202,74222,74237,74241,74251],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,74203,74204,74206,74208,74210,74212,74214,74216,74218,74220],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,74205,801],{"class":75},[69,74207,80],{"class":79},[69,74209,84],{"class":83},[69,74211,1929],{"class":87},[69,74213,91],{"class":83},[69,74215,272],{"class":87},[69,74217,91],{"class":83},[69,74219,316],{"class":87},[69,74221,103],{"class":83},[69,74223,74224,74226,74228,74231,74233,74235],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,74225,839],{"class":75},[69,74227,80],{"class":79},[69,74229,74230],{"class":109}," sorted",[69,74232,113],{"class":83},[69,74234,3512],{"class":121},[69,74236,221],{"class":83},[69,74238,74239],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,74240,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,74242,74243,74245,74247,74249],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,74244,110],{"class":109},[69,74246,113],{"class":83},[69,74248,3512],{"class":121},[69,74250,221],{"class":83},[69,74252,74253,74255,74257,74259],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,74254,110],{"class":109},[69,74256,113],{"class":83},[69,74258,876],{"class":121},[69,74260,221],{"class":83},[14,74262,643],{},[60,74264,74266],{"className":62,"code":74265,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[3, 1, 2]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[17,74267,74268,74284],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,74269,74270,74272,74274,74276,74278,74280,74282],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,74271,3739],{"class":83},[69,74273,1929],{"class":87},[69,74275,91],{"class":83},[69,74277,272],{"class":87},[69,74279,91],{"class":83},[69,74281,316],{"class":87},[69,74283,103],{"class":83},[69,74285,74286,74288,74290,74292,74294,74296,74298],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,74287,3739],{"class":83},[69,74289,473],{"class":87},[69,74291,91],{"class":83},[69,74293,316],{"class":87},[69,74295,91],{"class":83},[69,74297,516],{"class":87},[69,74299,103],{"class":83},[14,74301,74302,74303,25],{},"If you want descending sorted order, you can use ",[17,74304,74305],{},"sorted(numbers, reverse=True)",[1369,74307,74309],{"id":74308},"slicing","Slicing",[14,74311,74312,74313,74316],{},"Slicing with ",[17,74314,74315],{},"[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy.",[60,74318,74320],{"className":62,"code":74319,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers[::-1]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[17,74321,74322,74342,74358,74362,74372],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,74323,74324,74326,74328,74330,74332,74334,74336,74338,74340],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,74325,801],{"class":75},[69,74327,80],{"class":79},[69,74329,84],{"class":83},[69,74331,1929],{"class":87},[69,74333,91],{"class":83},[69,74335,272],{"class":87},[69,74337,91],{"class":83},[69,74339,316],{"class":87},[69,74341,103],{"class":83},[69,74343,74344,74346,74348,74350,74352,74354,74356],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,74345,839],{"class":75},[69,74347,80],{"class":79},[69,74349,865],{"class":75},[69,74351,73794],{"class":83},[69,74353,1889],{"class":79},[69,74355,473],{"class":87},[69,74357,103],{"class":83},[69,74359,74360],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,74361,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,74363,74364,74366,74368,74370],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,74365,110],{"class":109},[69,74367,113],{"class":83},[69,74369,3512],{"class":121},[69,74371,221],{"class":83},[69,74373,74374,74376,74378,74380],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,74375,110],{"class":109},[69,74377,113],{"class":83},[69,74379,876],{"class":121},[69,74381,221],{"class":83},[14,74383,643],{},[60,74385,74387],{"className":62,"code":74386,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[3, 1, 2]\n[2, 1, 3]\n",[17,74388,74389,74405],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,74390,74391,74393,74395,74397,74399,74401,74403],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,74392,3739],{"class":83},[69,74394,1929],{"class":87},[69,74396,91],{"class":83},[69,74398,272],{"class":87},[69,74400,91],{"class":83},[69,74402,316],{"class":87},[69,74404,103],{"class":83},[69,74406,74407,74409,74411,74413,74415,74417,74419],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,74408,3739],{"class":83},[69,74410,821],{"class":87},[69,74412,91],{"class":83},[69,74414,272],{"class":87},[69,74416,91],{"class":83},[69,74418,516],{"class":87},[69,74420,103],{"class":83},[1369,74422,74424],{"id":74423},"quick-comparison","Quick comparison",[30,74426,74427,74432,74437],{},[33,74428,132,74429,74431],{},[17,74430,73193],{}," when you want to change the original list",[33,74433,132,74434,74436],{},[17,74435,74315],{}," when you want a reversed copy",[33,74438,132,74439,74441],{},[17,74440,74096],{}," when you want items in sorted order",[14,74443,74444,74445,74451],{},"You may also want to compare this with the ",[192,74446,74448,74449,10379],{"href":74447},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method\u002F","list ",[17,74450,63983],{},", which sorts a list in place instead of reversing it.",[141,74453,4788,74455],{"id":74454},"when-to-use-reverse",[17,74456,73193],{},[14,74458,74459,74461],{},[17,74460,73193],{}," is a good choice:",[30,74463,74464,74467,74470],{},[33,74465,74466],{},"When the list is already in the order you want to flip",[33,74468,74469],{},"When changing the original list is acceptable",[33,74471,74472],{},"When you want a simple built-in way to reverse items",[14,74474,74475,74476,25],{},"For a task-focused guide with multiple ways to do this, see ",[192,74477,74479],{"href":74478},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-reverse-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to reverse a list in Python",[141,74481,2698],{"id":2697},[14,74483,74484,74485,74487],{},"Beginners often run into problems with ",[17,74486,73193],{}," for these reasons:",[30,74489,74490,74494,74499,74504],{},[33,74491,12237,74492,12240],{},[17,74493,73193],{},[33,74495,8086,74496,74498],{},[17,74497,73193],{}," to sort values from highest to lowest",[33,74500,8050,74501,74503],{},[17,74502,73193],{}," on a string or tuple instead of a list",[33,74505,36865,74506,8339,74508],{},[17,74507,73193],{},[17,74509,74510],{},"reversed()",[14,74512,74513],{},"Here is an example of using it on the wrong type:",[60,74515,74517],{"className":62,"code":74516,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.reverse()\n",[17,74518,74519,74531],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,74520,74521,74523,74525,74527,74529],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,74522,34345],{"class":75},[69,74524,80],{"class":79},[69,74526,964],{"class":94},[69,74528,337],{"class":336},[69,74530,3224],{"class":94},[69,74532,74533,74535,74537,74539],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,74534,34366],{"class":75},[69,74536,25],{"class":83},[69,74538,73249],{"class":121},[69,74540,8277],{"class":83},[14,74542,74543,74544,33257],{},"This causes an error because strings do not have a ",[17,74545,73193],{},[14,74547,74548],{},"If you are not sure what type a variable is, check it first:",[60,74550,74552],{"className":62,"code":74551,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\n\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[17,74553,74554,74574,74578,74588,74602,74606,74620,74630,74634],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,74555,74556,74558,74560,74562,74564,74566,74568,74570,74572],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,74557,7940],{"class":75},[69,74559,80],{"class":79},[69,74561,84],{"class":83},[69,74563,473],{"class":87},[69,74565,91],{"class":83},[69,74567,316],{"class":87},[69,74569,91],{"class":83},[69,74571,516],{"class":87},[69,74573,103],{"class":83},[69,74575,74576],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,74577,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,74579,74580,74582,74584,74586],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,74581,110],{"class":109},[69,74583,113],{"class":83},[69,74585,7971],{"class":121},[69,74587,221],{"class":83},[69,74589,74590,74592,74594,74596,74598,74600],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,74591,110],{"class":109},[69,74593,113],{"class":83},[69,74595,3087],{"class":1126},[69,74597,113],{"class":83},[69,74599,7971],{"class":121},[69,74601,342],{"class":83},[69,74603,74604],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,74605,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,74607,74608,74610,74612,74614,74616,74618],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,74609,839],{"class":75},[69,74611,80],{"class":79},[69,74613,8028],{"class":75},[69,74615,25],{"class":83},[69,74617,73249],{"class":121},[69,74619,8277],{"class":83},[69,74621,74622,74624,74626,74628],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,74623,110],{"class":109},[69,74625,113],{"class":83},[69,74627,876],{"class":121},[69,74629,221],{"class":83},[69,74631,74632],{"class":71,"line":1269},[69,74633,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,74635,74636,74638,74640,74642,74644,74646,74648],{"class":71,"line":1275},[69,74637,110],{"class":109},[69,74639,113],{"class":83},[69,74641,7971],{"class":121},[69,74643,73794],{"class":83},[69,74645,1889],{"class":79},[69,74647,473],{"class":87},[69,74649,3727],{"class":83},[14,74651,643],{},[60,74653,74655],{"className":62,"code":74654,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[1, 2, 1]\n",[17,74656,74657,74673,74687,74691],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,74658,74659,74661,74663,74665,74667,74669,74671],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,74660,3739],{"class":83},[69,74662,473],{"class":87},[69,74664,91],{"class":83},[69,74666,316],{"class":87},[69,74668,91],{"class":83},[69,74670,516],{"class":87},[69,74672,103],{"class":83},[69,74674,74675,74677,74679,74681,74683,74685],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,74676,852],{"class":79},[69,74678,3158],{"class":1932},[69,74680,3161],{"class":94},[69,74682,7725],{"class":336},[69,74684,488],{"class":94},[69,74686,3168],{"class":79},[69,74688,74689],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,74690,11450],{"class":289},[69,74692,74693,74695,74697,74699,74701,74703,74705],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,74694,3739],{"class":83},[69,74696,473],{"class":87},[69,74698,91],{"class":83},[69,74700,316],{"class":87},[69,74702,91],{"class":83},[69,74704,272],{"class":87},[69,74706,103],{"class":83},[14,74708,74709],{},"Wait — the last output above would be wrong for that list, so here is the correct runnable example:",[60,74711,74713],{"className":62,"code":74712,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\nprint(my_list)\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[17,74714,74715,74735,74739,74749,74763,74767,74781,74791,74801],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,74716,74717,74719,74721,74723,74725,74727,74729,74731,74733],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,74718,7940],{"class":75},[69,74720,80],{"class":79},[69,74722,84],{"class":83},[69,74724,473],{"class":87},[69,74726,91],{"class":83},[69,74728,316],{"class":87},[69,74730,91],{"class":83},[69,74732,516],{"class":87},[69,74734,103],{"class":83},[69,74736,74737],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,74738,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,74740,74741,74743,74745,74747],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,74742,110],{"class":109},[69,74744,113],{"class":83},[69,74746,7971],{"class":121},[69,74748,221],{"class":83},[69,74750,74751,74753,74755,74757,74759,74761],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,74752,110],{"class":109},[69,74754,113],{"class":83},[69,74756,3087],{"class":1126},[69,74758,113],{"class":83},[69,74760,7971],{"class":121},[69,74762,342],{"class":83},[69,74764,74765],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,74766,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,74768,74769,74771,74773,74775,74777,74779],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,74770,839],{"class":75},[69,74772,80],{"class":79},[69,74774,8028],{"class":75},[69,74776,25],{"class":83},[69,74778,73249],{"class":121},[69,74780,8277],{"class":83},[69,74782,74783,74785,74787,74789],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,74784,110],{"class":109},[69,74786,113],{"class":83},[69,74788,876],{"class":121},[69,74790,221],{"class":83},[69,74792,74793,74795,74797,74799],{"class":71,"line":1269},[69,74794,110],{"class":109},[69,74796,113],{"class":83},[69,74798,7971],{"class":121},[69,74800,221],{"class":83},[69,74802,74803,74805,74807,74809,74811,74813,74815],{"class":71,"line":1275},[69,74804,110],{"class":109},[69,74806,113],{"class":83},[69,74808,7971],{"class":121},[69,74810,73794],{"class":83},[69,74812,1889],{"class":79},[69,74814,473],{"class":87},[69,74816,3727],{"class":83},[14,74818,643],{},[60,74820,74822],{"className":62,"code":74821,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[3, 2, 1]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[17,74823,74824,74840,74854,74858,74874],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,74825,74826,74828,74830,74832,74834,74836,74838],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,74827,3739],{"class":83},[69,74829,473],{"class":87},[69,74831,91],{"class":83},[69,74833,316],{"class":87},[69,74835,91],{"class":83},[69,74837,516],{"class":87},[69,74839,103],{"class":83},[69,74841,74842,74844,74846,74848,74850,74852],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,74843,852],{"class":79},[69,74845,3158],{"class":1932},[69,74847,3161],{"class":94},[69,74849,7725],{"class":336},[69,74851,488],{"class":94},[69,74853,3168],{"class":79},[69,74855,74856],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,74857,11450],{"class":289},[69,74859,74860,74862,74864,74866,74868,74870,74872],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,74861,3739],{"class":83},[69,74863,1929],{"class":87},[69,74865,91],{"class":83},[69,74867,316],{"class":87},[69,74869,91],{"class":83},[69,74871,272],{"class":87},[69,74873,103],{"class":83},[69,74875,74876,74878,74880,74882,74884,74886,74888],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,74877,3739],{"class":83},[69,74879,473],{"class":87},[69,74881,91],{"class":83},[69,74883,316],{"class":87},[69,74885,91],{"class":83},[69,74887,516],{"class":87},[69,74889,103],{"class":83},[14,74891,74892],{},"Notice the last line carefully:",[30,74894,74895,74904,74913],{},[33,74896,27449,74897,74900,74901],{},[17,74898,74899],{},"my_list.reverse()",", the list becomes ",[17,74902,74903],{},"[3, 2, 1]",[33,74905,11558,74906,74909,74910,22211],{},[17,74907,74908],{},"my_list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy of the ",[22,74911,74912],{},"current",[33,74914,74915,74916],{},"So it prints ",[17,74917,74918],{},"[1, 2, 3]",[141,74920,1651],{"id":1650},[1369,74922,12347,74924,55138],{"id":74923},"does-listreverse-return-a-new-list",[17,74925,73198],{},[14,74927,62274,74928,25],{},[17,74929,449],{},[1369,74931,33862,74933,33865,74935,2359],{"id":74932},"how-is-reverse-different-from-sortedreversetrue",[17,74934,73193],{},[17,74936,74937],{},"sorted(reverse=True)",[14,74939,74940,74942],{},[17,74941,73193],{}," only flips the current order.",[14,74944,74945,74947],{},[17,74946,74937],{}," sorts the items first, then returns them in descending order.",[1369,74949,27982,74951,74953],{"id":74950},"can-i-use-reverse-on-a-tuple-or-string",[17,74952,73193],{}," on a tuple or string?",[14,74955,46031,74956,74958],{},[17,74957,73193],{}," is a list method. Tuples and strings do not have this method.",[1369,74960,74962],{"id":74961},"how-do-i-reverse-a-list-without-changing-the-original","How do I reverse a list without changing the original?",[14,74964,74965],{},"Use slicing:",[60,74967,74969],{"className":62,"code":74968,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_list[::-1]\n",[17,74970,74971],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,74972,74973,74975,74977,74979,74981],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,74974,7971],{"class":75},[69,74976,73794],{"class":83},[69,74978,1889],{"class":79},[69,74980,473],{"class":87},[69,74982,103],{"class":83},[14,74984,74985],{},"Or use:",[60,74987,74989],{"className":62,"code":74988,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"list(reversed(my_list))\n",[17,74990,74991],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,74992,74993,74995,74997,75000,75002,75004],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,74994,7725],{"class":1126},[69,74996,113],{"class":83},[69,74998,74999],{"class":109},"reversed",[69,75001,113],{"class":83},[69,75003,7971],{"class":121},[69,75005,342],{"class":83},[14,75007,75008,75009,75013],{},"If you need to keep a separate version of a list before changing it, ",[192,75010,55189,75011],{"href":54629},[17,75012,12420],{}," can also help.",[141,75015,1771],{"id":1770},[30,75017,75018,75024,75030,75034,75038],{},[33,75019,75020],{},[192,75021,55189,75022,10379],{"href":74447},[17,75023,63983],{},[33,75025,75026],{},[192,75027,3441,75028,1780],{"href":74193},[17,75029,74096],{},[33,75031,75032],{},[192,75033,74479],{"href":74478},[33,75035,75036],{},[192,75037,73894],{"href":73211},[33,75039,75040],{},[192,75041,55189,75042,10379],{"href":54629},[17,75043,12420],{},[1802,75045,75046],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":75048},[75049,75050,75052,75053,75054,75056,75057,75064,75066,75067,75076],{"id":3472,"depth":106,"text":3473},{"id":73272,"depth":106,"text":75051},"What list.reverse() does",{"id":2023,"depth":106,"text":2024},{"id":11115,"depth":106,"text":11116},{"id":73631,"depth":106,"text":75055},"reverse() changes the original list",{"id":73897,"depth":106,"text":73898},{"id":74091,"depth":106,"text":75058,"children":75059},"reverse() vs sorted() vs slicing",[75060,75061,75062,75063],{"id":73249,"depth":300,"text":73193},{"id":74186,"depth":300,"text":74096},{"id":74308,"depth":300,"text":74309},{"id":74423,"depth":300,"text":74424},{"id":74454,"depth":106,"text":75065},"When to use reverse()",{"id":2697,"depth":106,"text":2698},{"id":1650,"depth":106,"text":1651,"children":75068},[75069,75071,75073,75075],{"id":74923,"depth":300,"text":75070},"Does list.reverse() return a new list?",{"id":74932,"depth":300,"text":75072},"How is reverse() different from sorted(reverse=True)?",{"id":74950,"depth":300,"text":75074},"Can I use reverse() on a tuple or string?",{"id":74961,"depth":300,"text":74962},{"id":1770,"depth":106,"text":1771},"Master python list reverse method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method",{"title":73185,"description":75077},"reference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method","GoeoBvCO4O891oJThYue_Af4uTq12-LuXTFyhK08BAs",{"id":75084,"title":75085,"body":75086,"description":77519,"extension":1828,"meta":77520,"navigation":833,"path":77521,"seo":77522,"stem":77523,"__hash__":77524},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained.md","Python List Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":75087,"toc":77487},[75088,75091,75103,75106,75129,75137,75139,75251,75260,75264,75267,75270,75357,75359,75392,75394,75417,75423,75427,75430,75452,75454,75471,75474,75494,75496,75606,75608,75685,75689,75692,75735,75737,75870,75872,75974,75979,75983,75986,75988,76002,76005,76119,76121,76195,76197,76225,76229,76234,76264,76267,76393,76395,76477,76483,76487,76489,76528,76537,76541,76544,76548,76595,76597,76605,76609,76660,76662,76675,76677,76691,76694,76702,76704,76751,76753,76761,76764,76807,76812,76815,76818,76841,76845,76896,76899,76920,76930,76934,76936,76966,76969,76992,76996,76999,77066,77068,77105,77108,77116,77183,77185,77222,77228,77235,77239,77242,77272,77277,77281,77284,77308,77311,77405,77415,77417,77421,77424,77428,77431,77436,77439,77445,77448,77450,77478,77484],[10,75089,75085],{"id":75090},"python-list-slicing-explained",[14,75092,75093,75094,2057,75096,16720,75099,75102],{},"List slicing lets you get part of a list in Python. It is a very common pattern, and once you understand ",[17,75095,35732],{},[17,75097,75098],{},"stop",[17,75100,75101],{},"step",", it becomes much easier to read and write Python code.",[14,75104,75105],{},"The basic slice form is:",[60,75107,75109],{"className":62,"code":75108,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_list[start:stop:step]\n",[17,75110,75111],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,75112,75113,75115,75117,75119,75121,75123,75125,75127],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,75114,7971],{"class":75},[69,75116,3739],{"class":83},[69,75118,35732],{"class":75},[69,75120,1044],{"class":83},[69,75122,75098],{"class":75},[69,75124,1044],{"class":83},[69,75126,75101],{"class":75},[69,75128,103],{"class":83},[14,75130,75131,75132,75134,75135,25],{},"You can leave out parts of the slice, and Python will use default values. One important rule to remember is that the ",[17,75133,75098],{}," position is ",[22,75136,64741],{},[141,75138,1870],{"id":1869},[60,75140,75142],{"className":62,"code":75141,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # [20, 30, 40]\nprint(numbers[:3])    # [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers[::2])   # [10, 30, 50]\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[17,75143,75144,75172,75176,75197,75215,75232],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,75145,75146,75148,75150,75152,75154,75156,75158,75160,75162,75164,75166,75168,75170],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,75147,801],{"class":75},[69,75149,80],{"class":79},[69,75151,84],{"class":83},[69,75153,2197],{"class":87},[69,75155,91],{"class":83},[69,75157,7420],{"class":87},[69,75159,91],{"class":83},[69,75161,7425],{"class":87},[69,75163,91],{"class":83},[69,75165,50511],{"class":87},[69,75167,91],{"class":83},[69,75169,4908],{"class":87},[69,75171,103],{"class":83},[69,75173,75174],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,75175,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,75177,75178,75180,75182,75184,75186,75188,75190,75192,75194],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,75179,110],{"class":109},[69,75181,113],{"class":83},[69,75183,3512],{"class":121},[69,75185,3739],{"class":83},[69,75187,473],{"class":87},[69,75189,1044],{"class":83},[69,75191,808],{"class":87},[69,75193,20096],{"class":83},[69,75195,75196],{"class":128},"   # [20, 30, 40]\n",[69,75198,75199,75201,75203,75205,75208,75210,75212],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,75200,110],{"class":109},[69,75202,113],{"class":83},[69,75204,3512],{"class":121},[69,75206,75207],{"class":83},"[:",[69,75209,1929],{"class":87},[69,75211,20096],{"class":83},[69,75213,75214],{"class":128},"    # [10, 20, 30]\n",[69,75216,75217,75219,75221,75223,75225,75227,75229],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,75218,110],{"class":109},[69,75220,113],{"class":83},[69,75222,3512],{"class":121},[69,75224,73794],{"class":83},[69,75226,821],{"class":87},[69,75228,20096],{"class":83},[69,75230,75231],{"class":128},"   # [10, 30, 50]\n",[69,75233,75234,75236,75238,75240,75242,75244,75246,75248],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,75235,110],{"class":109},[69,75237,113],{"class":83},[69,75239,3512],{"class":121},[69,75241,73794],{"class":83},[69,75243,1889],{"class":79},[69,75245,473],{"class":87},[69,75247,20096],{"class":83},[69,75249,75250],{"class":128},"  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[14,75252,132,75253,75256,75257,75259],{},[17,75254,75255],{},"list[start:stop:step]",". The ",[17,75258,75098],{}," value is not included.",[141,75261,75263],{"id":75262},"what-list-slicing-means","What list slicing means",[14,75265,75266],{},"Slicing gets part of a list.",[14,75268,75269],{},"It uses square brackets with colons:",[60,75271,75273],{"className":62,"code":75272,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\npart = letters[1:4]\nprint(part)\n",[17,75274,75275,75323,75327,75346],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,75276,75277,75279,75281,75283,75285,75287,75289,75291,75293,75295,75297,75299,75301,75303,75305,75307,75309,75311,75313,75315,75317,75319,75321],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,75278,35750],{"class":75},[69,75280,80],{"class":79},[69,75282,84],{"class":83},[69,75284,333],{"class":94},[69,75286,192],{"class":336},[69,75288,333],{"class":94},[69,75290,91],{"class":83},[69,75292,964],{"class":94},[69,75294,4587],{"class":336},[69,75296,333],{"class":94},[69,75298,91],{"class":83},[69,75300,964],{"class":94},[69,75302,9376],{"class":336},[69,75304,333],{"class":94},[69,75306,91],{"class":83},[69,75308,964],{"class":94},[69,75310,18417],{"class":336},[69,75312,333],{"class":94},[69,75314,91],{"class":83},[69,75316,964],{"class":94},[69,75318,60118],{"class":336},[69,75320,333],{"class":94},[69,75322,103],{"class":83},[69,75324,75325],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,75326,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,75328,75329,75332,75334,75336,75338,75340,75342,75344],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,75330,75331],{"class":75},"part ",[69,75333,80],{"class":79},[69,75335,69768],{"class":75},[69,75337,3739],{"class":83},[69,75339,473],{"class":87},[69,75341,1044],{"class":83},[69,75343,808],{"class":87},[69,75345,103],{"class":83},[69,75347,75348,75350,75352,75355],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,75349,110],{"class":109},[69,75351,113],{"class":83},[69,75353,75354],{"class":121},"part",[69,75356,221],{"class":83},[14,75358,643],{},[60,75360,75362],{"className":62,"code":75361,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['b', 'c', 'd']\n",[17,75363,75364],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,75365,75366,75368,75370,75372,75374,75376,75378,75380,75382,75384,75386,75388,75390],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,75367,3739],{"class":83},[69,75369,488],{"class":94},[69,75371,4587],{"class":336},[69,75373,488],{"class":94},[69,75375,91],{"class":83},[69,75377,3161],{"class":94},[69,75379,9376],{"class":336},[69,75381,488],{"class":94},[69,75383,91],{"class":83},[69,75385,3161],{"class":94},[69,75387,18417],{"class":336},[69,75389,488],{"class":94},[69,75391,103],{"class":83},[14,75393,12696],{},[30,75395,75396,75399,75402,75408,75414],{},[33,75397,75398],{},"Slicing gets part of a list",[33,75400,75401],{},"It uses square brackets with colons",[33,75403,75404,75405],{},"Basic form: ",[17,75406,75407],{},"list[start:stop]",[33,75409,75410,75411,75413],{},"The item at ",[17,75412,75098],{}," is not included",[33,75415,75416],{},"Slicing returns a new list",[14,75418,75419,75420,25],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with lists, see the ",[192,75421,75422],{"href":50647},"beginner guide to Python lists",[141,75424,75426],{"id":75425},"how-slice-positions-work","How slice positions work",[14,75428,75429],{},"A slice can have up to three parts:",[60,75431,75432],{"className":62,"code":75108,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,75433,75434],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,75435,75436,75438,75440,75442,75444,75446,75448,75450],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,75437,7971],{"class":75},[69,75439,3739],{"class":83},[69,75441,35732],{"class":75},[69,75443,1044],{"class":83},[69,75445,75098],{"class":75},[69,75447,1044],{"class":83},[69,75449,75101],{"class":75},[69,75451,103],{"class":83},[14,75453,64717],{},[30,75455,75456,75461,75466],{},[33,75457,75458,75460],{},[17,75459,35732],{}," is where slicing begins",[33,75462,75463,75465],{},[17,75464,75098],{}," is where slicing ends before that position",[33,75467,75468,75470],{},[17,75469,75101],{}," controls how many positions to move each time",[14,75472,75473],{},"If you leave part of the slice out:",[30,75475,75476,75482,75487],{},[33,75477,75478,75479,75481],{},"Missing ",[17,75480,35732],{}," means begin at the start of the list",[33,75483,75478,75484,75486],{},[17,75485,75098],{}," means go to the end of the list",[33,75488,75478,75489,75491,75492],{},[17,75490,75101],{}," means use ",[17,75493,473],{},[14,75495,2076],{},[60,75497,75499],{"className":62,"code":75498,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\nprint(numbers[:3])    # start from the beginning\nprint(numbers[2:])    # go to the end\nprint(numbers[::1])   # step of 1\n",[17,75500,75501,75529,75533,75554,75571,75589],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,75502,75503,75505,75507,75509,75511,75513,75515,75517,75519,75521,75523,75525,75527],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,75504,801],{"class":75},[69,75506,80],{"class":79},[69,75508,84],{"class":83},[69,75510,2197],{"class":87},[69,75512,91],{"class":83},[69,75514,7420],{"class":87},[69,75516,91],{"class":83},[69,75518,7425],{"class":87},[69,75520,91],{"class":83},[69,75522,50511],{"class":87},[69,75524,91],{"class":83},[69,75526,4908],{"class":87},[69,75528,103],{"class":83},[69,75530,75531],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,75532,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,75534,75535,75537,75539,75541,75543,75545,75547,75549,75551],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,75536,110],{"class":109},[69,75538,113],{"class":83},[69,75540,3512],{"class":121},[69,75542,3739],{"class":83},[69,75544,473],{"class":87},[69,75546,1044],{"class":83},[69,75548,808],{"class":87},[69,75550,20096],{"class":83},[69,75552,75553],{"class":128},"   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\n",[69,75555,75556,75558,75560,75562,75564,75566,75568],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,75557,110],{"class":109},[69,75559,113],{"class":83},[69,75561,3512],{"class":121},[69,75563,75207],{"class":83},[69,75565,1929],{"class":87},[69,75567,20096],{"class":83},[69,75569,75570],{"class":128},"    # start from the beginning\n",[69,75572,75573,75575,75577,75579,75581,75583,75586],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,75574,110],{"class":109},[69,75576,113],{"class":83},[69,75578,3512],{"class":121},[69,75580,3739],{"class":83},[69,75582,821],{"class":87},[69,75584,75585],{"class":83},":])",[69,75587,75588],{"class":128},"    # go to the end\n",[69,75590,75591,75593,75595,75597,75599,75601,75603],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,75592,110],{"class":109},[69,75594,113],{"class":83},[69,75596,3512],{"class":121},[69,75598,73794],{"class":83},[69,75600,473],{"class":87},[69,75602,20096],{"class":83},[69,75604,75605],{"class":128},"   # step of 1\n",[14,75607,643],{},[60,75609,75611],{"className":62,"code":75610,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n[30, 40, 50]\n[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n",[17,75612,75613,75629,75645,75661],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,75614,75615,75617,75619,75621,75623,75625,75627],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,75616,3739],{"class":83},[69,75618,15401],{"class":87},[69,75620,91],{"class":83},[69,75622,7425],{"class":87},[69,75624,91],{"class":83},[69,75626,50511],{"class":87},[69,75628,103],{"class":83},[69,75630,75631,75633,75635,75637,75639,75641,75643],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,75632,3739],{"class":83},[69,75634,2197],{"class":87},[69,75636,91],{"class":83},[69,75638,7420],{"class":87},[69,75640,91],{"class":83},[69,75642,7425],{"class":87},[69,75644,103],{"class":83},[69,75646,75647,75649,75651,75653,75655,75657,75659],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,75648,3739],{"class":83},[69,75650,36502],{"class":87},[69,75652,91],{"class":83},[69,75654,50511],{"class":87},[69,75656,91],{"class":83},[69,75658,4908],{"class":87},[69,75660,103],{"class":83},[69,75662,75663,75665,75667,75669,75671,75673,75675,75677,75679,75681,75683],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,75664,3739],{"class":83},[69,75666,2197],{"class":87},[69,75668,91],{"class":83},[69,75670,7420],{"class":87},[69,75672,91],{"class":83},[69,75674,7425],{"class":87},[69,75676,91],{"class":83},[69,75678,50511],{"class":87},[69,75680,91],{"class":83},[69,75682,4908],{"class":87},[69,75684,103],{"class":83},[141,75686,75688],{"id":75687},"common-slicing-patterns","Common slicing patterns",[14,75690,75691],{},"These are some of the most useful slice patterns to know:",[30,75693,75694,75703,75712,75723,75729],{},[33,75695,75696,75699,75700,783],{},[17,75697,75698],{},"list[:n]"," gets the first ",[17,75701,75702],{},"n",[33,75704,75705,75708,75709,75711],{},[17,75706,75707],{},"list[n:]"," gets items from position ",[17,75710,75702],{}," to the end",[33,75713,75714,75717,75718,75720,75721],{},[17,75715,75716],{},"list[a:b]"," gets items from ",[17,75719,192],{}," up to ",[17,75722,4587],{},[33,75724,75725,75728],{},[17,75726,75727],{},"list[::2]"," gets every second item",[33,75730,75731,75734],{},[17,75732,75733],{},"list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy",[14,75736,2076],{},[60,75738,75740],{"className":62,"code":75739,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[:3])    # first 3 items\nprint(numbers[3:])    # from index 3 to the end\nprint(numbers[1:5])   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\nprint(numbers[::2])   # every second item\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # reversed copy\n",[17,75741,75742,75775,75779,75796,75813,75834,75851],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,75743,75744,75746,75748,75750,75752,75754,75756,75758,75760,75762,75764,75766,75768,75770,75773],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,75745,801],{"class":75},[69,75747,80],{"class":79},[69,75749,84],{"class":83},[69,75751,2197],{"class":87},[69,75753,91],{"class":83},[69,75755,7420],{"class":87},[69,75757,91],{"class":83},[69,75759,7425],{"class":87},[69,75761,91],{"class":83},[69,75763,50511],{"class":87},[69,75765,91],{"class":83},[69,75767,4908],{"class":87},[69,75769,91],{"class":83},[69,75771,75772],{"class":87}," 60",[69,75774,103],{"class":83},[69,75776,75777],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,75778,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,75780,75781,75783,75785,75787,75789,75791,75793],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,75782,110],{"class":109},[69,75784,113],{"class":83},[69,75786,3512],{"class":121},[69,75788,75207],{"class":83},[69,75790,1929],{"class":87},[69,75792,20096],{"class":83},[69,75794,75795],{"class":128},"    # first 3 items\n",[69,75797,75798,75800,75802,75804,75806,75808,75810],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,75799,110],{"class":109},[69,75801,113],{"class":83},[69,75803,3512],{"class":121},[69,75805,3739],{"class":83},[69,75807,1929],{"class":87},[69,75809,75585],{"class":83},[69,75811,75812],{"class":128},"    # from index 3 to the end\n",[69,75814,75815,75817,75819,75821,75823,75825,75827,75829,75831],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,75816,110],{"class":109},[69,75818,113],{"class":83},[69,75820,3512],{"class":121},[69,75822,3739],{"class":83},[69,75824,473],{"class":87},[69,75826,1044],{"class":83},[69,75828,670],{"class":87},[69,75830,20096],{"class":83},[69,75832,75833],{"class":128},"   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\n",[69,75835,75836,75838,75840,75842,75844,75846,75848],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,75837,110],{"class":109},[69,75839,113],{"class":83},[69,75841,3512],{"class":121},[69,75843,73794],{"class":83},[69,75845,821],{"class":87},[69,75847,20096],{"class":83},[69,75849,75850],{"class":128},"   # every second item\n",[69,75852,75853,75855,75857,75859,75861,75863,75865,75867],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,75854,110],{"class":109},[69,75856,113],{"class":83},[69,75858,3512],{"class":121},[69,75860,73794],{"class":83},[69,75862,1889],{"class":79},[69,75864,473],{"class":87},[69,75866,20096],{"class":83},[69,75868,75869],{"class":128},"  # reversed copy\n",[14,75871,643],{},[60,75873,75875],{"className":62,"code":75874,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[10, 20, 30]\n[40, 50, 60]\n[20, 30, 40, 50]\n[10, 30, 50]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[17,75876,75877,75893,75909,75929,75945],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,75878,75879,75881,75883,75885,75887,75889,75891],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,75880,3739],{"class":83},[69,75882,2197],{"class":87},[69,75884,91],{"class":83},[69,75886,7420],{"class":87},[69,75888,91],{"class":83},[69,75890,7425],{"class":87},[69,75892,103],{"class":83},[69,75894,75895,75897,75899,75901,75903,75905,75907],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,75896,3739],{"class":83},[69,75898,56362],{"class":87},[69,75900,91],{"class":83},[69,75902,4908],{"class":87},[69,75904,91],{"class":83},[69,75906,75772],{"class":87},[69,75908,103],{"class":83},[69,75910,75911,75913,75915,75917,75919,75921,75923,75925,75927],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,75912,3739],{"class":83},[69,75914,15401],{"class":87},[69,75916,91],{"class":83},[69,75918,7425],{"class":87},[69,75920,91],{"class":83},[69,75922,50511],{"class":87},[69,75924,91],{"class":83},[69,75926,4908],{"class":87},[69,75928,103],{"class":83},[69,75930,75931,75933,75935,75937,75939,75941,75943],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,75932,3739],{"class":83},[69,75934,2197],{"class":87},[69,75936,91],{"class":83},[69,75938,7425],{"class":87},[69,75940,91],{"class":83},[69,75942,4908],{"class":87},[69,75944,103],{"class":83},[69,75946,75947,75949,75952,75954,75956,75958,75960,75962,75964,75966,75968,75970,75972],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,75948,3739],{"class":83},[69,75950,75951],{"class":87},"60",[69,75953,91],{"class":83},[69,75955,4908],{"class":87},[69,75957,91],{"class":83},[69,75959,50511],{"class":87},[69,75961,91],{"class":83},[69,75963,7425],{"class":87},[69,75965,91],{"class":83},[69,75967,7420],{"class":87},[69,75969,91],{"class":83},[69,75971,826],{"class":87},[69,75973,103],{"class":83},[14,75975,75976,75977,25],{},"If you want to make a separate copy of a list, see ",[192,75978,14534],{"href":56889},[141,75980,75982],{"id":75981},"negative-indexes-in-slices","Negative indexes in slices",[14,75984,75985],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list.",[14,75987,244],{},[30,75989,75990,75996],{},[33,75991,75992,75995],{},[17,75993,75994],{},"list[-1]"," is the last item",[33,75997,75998,76001],{},[17,75999,76000],{},"list[-2]"," is the second-to-last item",[14,76003,76004],{},"Negative indexes also work in slices.",[60,76006,76008],{"className":62,"code":76007,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\nprint(letters[-1])    # last item\nprint(letters[-3:])   # last 3 items\nprint(letters[:-1])   # everything except the last item\n",[17,76009,76010,76058,76062,76081,76100],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,76011,76012,76014,76016,76018,76020,76022,76024,76026,76028,76030,76032,76034,76036,76038,76040,76042,76044,76046,76048,76050,76052,76054,76056],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,76013,35750],{"class":75},[69,76015,80],{"class":79},[69,76017,84],{"class":83},[69,76019,333],{"class":94},[69,76021,192],{"class":336},[69,76023,333],{"class":94},[69,76025,91],{"class":83},[69,76027,964],{"class":94},[69,76029,4587],{"class":336},[69,76031,333],{"class":94},[69,76033,91],{"class":83},[69,76035,964],{"class":94},[69,76037,9376],{"class":336},[69,76039,333],{"class":94},[69,76041,91],{"class":83},[69,76043,964],{"class":94},[69,76045,18417],{"class":336},[69,76047,333],{"class":94},[69,76049,91],{"class":83},[69,76051,964],{"class":94},[69,76053,60118],{"class":336},[69,76055,333],{"class":94},[69,76057,103],{"class":83},[69,76059,76060],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,76061,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,76063,76064,76066,76068,76070,76072,76074,76076,76078],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,76065,110],{"class":109},[69,76067,113],{"class":83},[69,76069,35803],{"class":121},[69,76071,3739],{"class":83},[69,76073,1889],{"class":79},[69,76075,473],{"class":87},[69,76077,20096],{"class":83},[69,76079,76080],{"class":128},"    # last item\n",[69,76082,76083,76085,76087,76089,76091,76093,76095,76097],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,76084,110],{"class":109},[69,76086,113],{"class":83},[69,76088,35803],{"class":121},[69,76090,3739],{"class":83},[69,76092,1889],{"class":79},[69,76094,1929],{"class":87},[69,76096,75585],{"class":83},[69,76098,76099],{"class":128},"   # last 3 items\n",[69,76101,76102,76104,76106,76108,76110,76112,76114,76116],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,76103,110],{"class":109},[69,76105,113],{"class":83},[69,76107,35803],{"class":121},[69,76109,75207],{"class":83},[69,76111,1889],{"class":79},[69,76113,473],{"class":87},[69,76115,20096],{"class":83},[69,76117,76118],{"class":128},"   # everything except the last item\n",[14,76120,643],{},[60,76122,76124],{"className":62,"code":76123,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"e\n['c', 'd', 'e']\n['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[17,76125,76126,76131,76159],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,76127,76128],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,76129,76130],{"class":75},"e\n",[69,76132,76133,76135,76137,76139,76141,76143,76145,76147,76149,76151,76153,76155,76157],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,76134,3739],{"class":83},[69,76136,488],{"class":94},[69,76138,9376],{"class":336},[69,76140,488],{"class":94},[69,76142,91],{"class":83},[69,76144,3161],{"class":94},[69,76146,18417],{"class":336},[69,76148,488],{"class":94},[69,76150,91],{"class":83},[69,76152,3161],{"class":94},[69,76154,60118],{"class":336},[69,76156,488],{"class":94},[69,76158,103],{"class":83},[69,76160,76161,76163,76165,76167,76169,76171,76173,76175,76177,76179,76181,76183,76185,76187,76189,76191,76193],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,76162,3739],{"class":83},[69,76164,488],{"class":94},[69,76166,192],{"class":336},[69,76168,488],{"class":94},[69,76170,91],{"class":83},[69,76172,3161],{"class":94},[69,76174,4587],{"class":336},[69,76176,488],{"class":94},[69,76178,91],{"class":83},[69,76180,3161],{"class":94},[69,76182,9376],{"class":336},[69,76184,488],{"class":94},[69,76186,91],{"class":83},[69,76188,3161],{"class":94},[69,76190,18417],{"class":336},[69,76192,488],{"class":94},[69,76194,103],{"class":83},[14,76196,12696],{},[30,76198,76199,76202,76206,76212,76218],{},[33,76200,76201],{},"Negative indexes count from the end",[33,76203,76204,75995],{},[17,76205,75994],{},[33,76207,76208,76211],{},[17,76209,76210],{},"list[-3:]"," gets the last three items",[33,76213,76214,76217],{},[17,76215,76216],{},"list[:-1]"," gets everything except the last item",[33,76219,76220,76221,587,76223],{},"Negative indexes work with both ",[17,76222,35732],{},[17,76224,75098],{},[141,76226,76228],{"id":76227},"slice-step-and-reverse-order","Slice step and reverse order",[14,76230,1845,76231,76233],{},[17,76232,75101],{}," value controls how far Python moves each time.",[30,76235,76236,76239,76242,76247,76257],{},[33,76237,76238],{},"A positive step moves left to right",[33,76240,76241],{},"A negative step moves right to left",[33,76243,76244,76246],{},[17,76245,75733],{}," is a common way to reverse a list copy",[33,76248,8510,76249,76251,76252,76254,76255],{},[17,76250,75101],{}," is negative, ",[17,76253,35732],{}," usually needs to be greater than ",[17,76256,75098],{},[33,76258,76259,76261,76262],{},[17,76260,75101],{}," cannot be ",[17,76263,88],{},[14,76265,76266],{},"Example with different step values:",[60,76268,76270],{"className":62,"code":76269,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[::2])     # every second item\nprint(numbers[1::2])    # every second item starting at index 1\nprint(numbers[::-1])    # reverse the list\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[17,76271,76272,76304,76308,76325,76347,76366],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,76273,76274,76276,76278,76280,76282,76284,76286,76288,76290,76292,76294,76296,76298,76300,76302],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,76275,801],{"class":75},[69,76277,80],{"class":79},[69,76279,84],{"class":83},[69,76281,2197],{"class":87},[69,76283,91],{"class":83},[69,76285,7420],{"class":87},[69,76287,91],{"class":83},[69,76289,7425],{"class":87},[69,76291,91],{"class":83},[69,76293,50511],{"class":87},[69,76295,91],{"class":83},[69,76297,4908],{"class":87},[69,76299,91],{"class":83},[69,76301,75772],{"class":87},[69,76303,103],{"class":83},[69,76305,76306],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,76307,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,76309,76310,76312,76314,76316,76318,76320,76322],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,76311,110],{"class":109},[69,76313,113],{"class":83},[69,76315,3512],{"class":121},[69,76317,73794],{"class":83},[69,76319,821],{"class":87},[69,76321,20096],{"class":83},[69,76323,76324],{"class":128},"     # every second item\n",[69,76326,76327,76329,76331,76333,76335,76337,76340,76342,76344],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,76328,110],{"class":109},[69,76330,113],{"class":83},[69,76332,3512],{"class":121},[69,76334,3739],{"class":83},[69,76336,473],{"class":87},[69,76338,76339],{"class":83},"::",[69,76341,821],{"class":87},[69,76343,20096],{"class":83},[69,76345,76346],{"class":128},"    # every second item starting at index 1\n",[69,76348,76349,76351,76353,76355,76357,76359,76361,76363],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,76350,110],{"class":109},[69,76352,113],{"class":83},[69,76354,3512],{"class":121},[69,76356,73794],{"class":83},[69,76358,1889],{"class":79},[69,76360,473],{"class":87},[69,76362,20096],{"class":83},[69,76364,76365],{"class":128},"    # reverse the list\n",[69,76367,76368,76370,76372,76374,76376,76378,76380,76382,76384,76386,76388,76390],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,76369,110],{"class":109},[69,76371,113],{"class":83},[69,76373,3512],{"class":121},[69,76375,3739],{"class":83},[69,76377,808],{"class":87},[69,76379,1044],{"class":83},[69,76381,473],{"class":87},[69,76383,1044],{"class":83},[69,76385,1889],{"class":79},[69,76387,473],{"class":87},[69,76389,20096],{"class":83},[69,76391,76392],{"class":128},"  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[14,76394,643],{},[60,76396,76398],{"className":62,"code":76397,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[10, 30, 50]\n[20, 40, 60]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n[50, 40, 30]\n",[17,76399,76400,76416,76432,76460],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,76401,76402,76404,76406,76408,76410,76412,76414],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,76403,3739],{"class":83},[69,76405,2197],{"class":87},[69,76407,91],{"class":83},[69,76409,7425],{"class":87},[69,76411,91],{"class":83},[69,76413,4908],{"class":87},[69,76415,103],{"class":83},[69,76417,76418,76420,76422,76424,76426,76428,76430],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,76419,3739],{"class":83},[69,76421,15401],{"class":87},[69,76423,91],{"class":83},[69,76425,50511],{"class":87},[69,76427,91],{"class":83},[69,76429,75772],{"class":87},[69,76431,103],{"class":83},[69,76433,76434,76436,76438,76440,76442,76444,76446,76448,76450,76452,76454,76456,76458],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,76435,3739],{"class":83},[69,76437,75951],{"class":87},[69,76439,91],{"class":83},[69,76441,4908],{"class":87},[69,76443,91],{"class":83},[69,76445,50511],{"class":87},[69,76447,91],{"class":83},[69,76449,7425],{"class":87},[69,76451,91],{"class":83},[69,76453,7420],{"class":87},[69,76455,91],{"class":83},[69,76457,826],{"class":87},[69,76459,103],{"class":83},[69,76461,76462,76464,76467,76469,76471,76473,76475],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,76463,3739],{"class":83},[69,76465,76466],{"class":87},"50",[69,76468,91],{"class":83},[69,76470,50511],{"class":87},[69,76472,91],{"class":83},[69,76474,7425],{"class":87},[69,76476,103],{"class":83},[14,76478,76479,76480,25],{},"If you want to reverse a list in other ways, compare this with ",[192,76481,76482],{"href":74478},"how to reverse a list in Python",[1369,76484,76486],{"id":76485},"step-cannot-be-0","Step cannot be 0",[14,76488,2705],{},[60,76490,76492],{"className":62,"code":76491,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[17,76493,76494,76514],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,76495,76496,76498,76500,76502,76504,76506,76508,76510,76512],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,76497,801],{"class":75},[69,76499,80],{"class":79},[69,76501,84],{"class":83},[69,76503,473],{"class":87},[69,76505,91],{"class":83},[69,76507,316],{"class":87},[69,76509,91],{"class":83},[69,76511,516],{"class":87},[69,76513,103],{"class":83},[69,76515,76516,76518,76520,76522,76524,76526],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,76517,110],{"class":109},[69,76519,113],{"class":83},[69,76521,3512],{"class":121},[69,76523,73794],{"class":83},[69,76525,88],{"class":87},[69,76527,3727],{"class":83},[14,76529,76530,76531,76533,76534,76536],{},"Python raises a ",[17,76532,40367],{}," because a slice step of ",[17,76535,88],{}," does not make sense.",[141,76538,76540],{"id":76539},"slicing-vs-indexing","Slicing vs indexing",[14,76542,76543],{},"Slicing and indexing look similar, but they do different things.",[1369,76545,76547],{"id":76546},"indexing-gets-one-item","Indexing gets one item",[60,76549,76551],{"className":62,"code":76550,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[17,76552,76553,76577,76581],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,76554,76555,76557,76559,76561,76563,76565,76567,76569,76571,76573,76575],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,76556,801],{"class":75},[69,76558,80],{"class":79},[69,76560,84],{"class":83},[69,76562,2197],{"class":87},[69,76564,91],{"class":83},[69,76566,7420],{"class":87},[69,76568,91],{"class":83},[69,76570,7425],{"class":87},[69,76572,91],{"class":83},[69,76574,50511],{"class":87},[69,76576,103],{"class":83},[69,76578,76579],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,76580,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,76582,76583,76585,76587,76589,76591,76593],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,76584,110],{"class":109},[69,76586,113],{"class":83},[69,76588,3512],{"class":121},[69,76590,3739],{"class":83},[69,76592,821],{"class":87},[69,76594,3727],{"class":83},[14,76596,643],{},[60,76598,76599],{"className":62,"code":69512,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,76600,76601],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,76602,76603],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,76604,69512],{"class":87},[1369,76606,76608],{"id":76607},"slicing-gets-a-new-list","Slicing gets a new list",[60,76610,76612],{"className":62,"code":76611,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2:3])\n",[17,76613,76614,76638,76642],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,76615,76616,76618,76620,76622,76624,76626,76628,76630,76632,76634,76636],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,76617,801],{"class":75},[69,76619,80],{"class":79},[69,76621,84],{"class":83},[69,76623,2197],{"class":87},[69,76625,91],{"class":83},[69,76627,7420],{"class":87},[69,76629,91],{"class":83},[69,76631,7425],{"class":87},[69,76633,91],{"class":83},[69,76635,50511],{"class":87},[69,76637,103],{"class":83},[69,76639,76640],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,76641,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,76643,76644,76646,76648,76650,76652,76654,76656,76658],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,76645,110],{"class":109},[69,76647,113],{"class":83},[69,76649,3512],{"class":121},[69,76651,3739],{"class":83},[69,76653,821],{"class":87},[69,76655,1044],{"class":83},[69,76657,1929],{"class":87},[69,76659,3727],{"class":83},[14,76661,643],{},[60,76663,76665],{"className":62,"code":76664,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[30]\n",[17,76666,76667],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,76668,76669,76671,76673],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,76670,3739],{"class":83},[69,76672,36502],{"class":87},[69,76674,103],{"class":83},[14,76676,13408],{},[30,76678,76679,76685],{},[33,76680,76681,76684],{},[17,76682,76683],{},"numbers[2]"," returns one value",[33,76686,76687,76690],{},[17,76688,76689],{},"numbers[2:3]"," returns a list with one item",[14,76692,76693],{},"Another important difference is error behavior:",[30,76695,76696,76699],{},[33,76697,76698],{},"Out-of-range indexing can raise an error",[33,76700,76701],{},"Out-of-range slicing usually does not",[14,76703,2076],{},[60,76705,76707],{"className":62,"code":76706,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5:10])\n",[17,76708,76709,76729,76733],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,76710,76711,76713,76715,76717,76719,76721,76723,76725,76727],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,76712,801],{"class":75},[69,76714,80],{"class":79},[69,76716,84],{"class":83},[69,76718,2197],{"class":87},[69,76720,91],{"class":83},[69,76722,7420],{"class":87},[69,76724,91],{"class":83},[69,76726,7425],{"class":87},[69,76728,103],{"class":83},[69,76730,76731],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,76732,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,76734,76735,76737,76739,76741,76743,76745,76747,76749],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,76736,110],{"class":109},[69,76738,113],{"class":83},[69,76740,3512],{"class":121},[69,76742,3739],{"class":83},[69,76744,670],{"class":87},[69,76746,1044],{"class":83},[69,76748,2197],{"class":87},[69,76750,3727],{"class":83},[14,76752,643],{},[60,76754,76755],{"className":62,"code":37959,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,76756,76757],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,76758,76759],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,76760,37959],{"class":83},[14,76762,76763],{},"But this would raise an error:",[60,76765,76767],{"className":62,"code":76766,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[17,76768,76769,76789,76793],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,76770,76771,76773,76775,76777,76779,76781,76783,76785,76787],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,76772,801],{"class":75},[69,76774,80],{"class":79},[69,76776,84],{"class":83},[69,76778,2197],{"class":87},[69,76780,91],{"class":83},[69,76782,7420],{"class":87},[69,76784,91],{"class":83},[69,76786,7425],{"class":87},[69,76788,103],{"class":83},[69,76790,76791],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,76792,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,76794,76795,76797,76799,76801,76803,76805],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,76796,110],{"class":109},[69,76798,113],{"class":83},[69,76800,3512],{"class":121},[69,76802,3739],{"class":83},[69,76804,670],{"class":87},[69,76806,3727],{"class":83},[14,76808,76809,76810,25],{},"If you run into that error, see ",[192,76811,68931],{"href":68930},[141,76813,14823],{"id":76814},"beginner-mistakes-to-avoid",[14,76816,76817],{},"These are the most common slicing mistakes:",[30,76819,76820,76824,76826,76829,76835],{},[33,76821,4530,76822,75413],{},[17,76823,75098],{},[33,76825,60363],{},[33,76827,76828],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original list",[33,76830,36865,76831,8339,76833],{},[17,76832,75733],{},[17,76834,73198],{},[33,76836,76837,76838,76840],{},"Using step ",[17,76839,88],{},", which causes an error",[1369,76842,76844],{"id":76843},"_1-forgetting-that-stop-is-not-included","1. Forgetting that stop is not included",[60,76846,76848],{"className":62,"code":76847,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[17,76849,76850,76878],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,76851,76852,76854,76856,76858,76860,76862,76864,76866,76868,76870,76872,76874,76876],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,76853,801],{"class":75},[69,76855,80],{"class":79},[69,76857,84],{"class":83},[69,76859,2197],{"class":87},[69,76861,91],{"class":83},[69,76863,7420],{"class":87},[69,76865,91],{"class":83},[69,76867,7425],{"class":87},[69,76869,91],{"class":83},[69,76871,50511],{"class":87},[69,76873,91],{"class":83},[69,76875,4908],{"class":87},[69,76877,103],{"class":83},[69,76879,76880,76882,76884,76886,76888,76890,76892,76894],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,76881,110],{"class":109},[69,76883,113],{"class":83},[69,76885,3512],{"class":121},[69,76887,3739],{"class":83},[69,76889,473],{"class":87},[69,76891,1044],{"class":83},[69,76893,808],{"class":87},[69,76895,3727],{"class":83},[14,76897,76898],{},"This returns:",[60,76900,76902],{"className":62,"code":76901,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[20, 30, 40]\n",[17,76903,76904],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,76905,76906,76908,76910,76912,76914,76916,76918],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,76907,3739],{"class":83},[69,76909,15401],{"class":87},[69,76911,91],{"class":83},[69,76913,7425],{"class":87},[69,76915,91],{"class":83},[69,76917,50511],{"class":87},[69,76919,103],{"class":83},[14,76921,40569,76922,76924,76925,76927,76928,25],{},[22,76923,4457],{}," include ",[17,76926,76466],{},", because slicing stops before index ",[17,76929,808],{},[1369,76931,76933],{"id":76932},"_2-using-parentheses-instead-of-square-brackets","2. Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[14,76935,16291],{},[60,76937,76939],{"className":62,"code":76938,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# numbers(1:3)\n",[17,76940,76941,76961],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,76942,76943,76945,76947,76949,76951,76953,76955,76957,76959],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,76944,801],{"class":75},[69,76946,80],{"class":79},[69,76948,84],{"class":83},[69,76950,2197],{"class":87},[69,76952,91],{"class":83},[69,76954,7420],{"class":87},[69,76956,91],{"class":83},[69,76958,7425],{"class":87},[69,76960,103],{"class":83},[69,76962,76963],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,76964,76965],{"class":128},"# numbers(1:3)\n",[14,76967,76968],{},"A slice must use square brackets:",[60,76970,76972],{"className":62,"code":76971,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(numbers[1:3])\n",[17,76973,76974],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,76975,76976,76978,76980,76982,76984,76986,76988,76990],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,76977,110],{"class":109},[69,76979,113],{"class":83},[69,76981,3512],{"class":121},[69,76983,3739],{"class":83},[69,76985,473],{"class":87},[69,76987,1044],{"class":83},[69,76989,1929],{"class":87},[69,76991,3727],{"class":83},[1369,76993,76995],{"id":76994},"_3-expecting-slicing-to-modify-the-original-list","3. Expecting slicing to modify the original list",[14,76997,76998],{},"A slice creates a new list.",[60,77000,77002],{"className":62,"code":77001,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\npart = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,77003,77004,77028,77042,77046,77056],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,77005,77006,77008,77010,77012,77014,77016,77018,77020,77022,77024,77026],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,77007,801],{"class":75},[69,77009,80],{"class":79},[69,77011,84],{"class":83},[69,77013,2197],{"class":87},[69,77015,91],{"class":83},[69,77017,7420],{"class":87},[69,77019,91],{"class":83},[69,77021,7425],{"class":87},[69,77023,91],{"class":83},[69,77025,50511],{"class":87},[69,77027,103],{"class":83},[69,77029,77030,77032,77034,77036,77038,77040],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,77031,75331],{"class":75},[69,77033,80],{"class":79},[69,77035,865],{"class":75},[69,77037,75207],{"class":83},[69,77039,821],{"class":87},[69,77041,103],{"class":83},[69,77043,77044],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,77045,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,77047,77048,77050,77052,77054],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,77049,110],{"class":109},[69,77051,113],{"class":83},[69,77053,75354],{"class":121},[69,77055,221],{"class":83},[69,77057,77058,77060,77062,77064],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,77059,110],{"class":109},[69,77061,113],{"class":83},[69,77063,3512],{"class":121},[69,77065,221],{"class":83},[14,77067,643],{},[60,77069,77071],{"className":62,"code":77070,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[10, 20]\n[10, 20, 30, 40]\n",[17,77072,77073,77085],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,77074,77075,77077,77079,77081,77083],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,77076,3739],{"class":83},[69,77078,2197],{"class":87},[69,77080,91],{"class":83},[69,77082,7420],{"class":87},[69,77084,103],{"class":83},[69,77086,77087,77089,77091,77093,77095,77097,77099,77101,77103],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,77088,3739],{"class":83},[69,77090,2197],{"class":87},[69,77092,91],{"class":83},[69,77094,7420],{"class":87},[69,77096,91],{"class":83},[69,77098,7425],{"class":87},[69,77100,91],{"class":83},[69,77102,50511],{"class":87},[69,77104,103],{"class":83},[14,77106,77107],{},"The original list stays the same unless you assign the result back.",[1369,77109,77111,77112,8339,77114],{"id":77110},"_4-confusing-list-1-with-listreverse","4. Confusing ",[17,77113,75733],{},[17,77115,73198],{},[60,77117,77119],{"className":62,"code":77118,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nreversed_copy = numbers[::-1]\nprint(reversed_copy)\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,77120,77121,77141,77145,77162,77173],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,77122,77123,77125,77127,77129,77131,77133,77135,77137,77139],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,77124,801],{"class":75},[69,77126,80],{"class":79},[69,77128,84],{"class":83},[69,77130,2197],{"class":87},[69,77132,91],{"class":83},[69,77134,7420],{"class":87},[69,77136,91],{"class":83},[69,77138,7425],{"class":87},[69,77140,103],{"class":83},[69,77142,77143],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,77144,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,77146,77147,77150,77152,77154,77156,77158,77160],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,77148,77149],{"class":75},"reversed_copy ",[69,77151,80],{"class":79},[69,77153,865],{"class":75},[69,77155,73794],{"class":83},[69,77157,1889],{"class":79},[69,77159,473],{"class":87},[69,77161,103],{"class":83},[69,77163,77164,77166,77168,77171],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,77165,110],{"class":109},[69,77167,113],{"class":83},[69,77169,77170],{"class":121},"reversed_copy",[69,77172,221],{"class":83},[69,77174,77175,77177,77179,77181],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,77176,110],{"class":109},[69,77178,113],{"class":83},[69,77180,3512],{"class":121},[69,77182,221],{"class":83},[14,77184,643],{},[60,77186,77188],{"className":62,"code":77187,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[30, 20, 10]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[17,77189,77190,77206],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,77191,77192,77194,77196,77198,77200,77202,77204],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,77193,3739],{"class":83},[69,77195,36502],{"class":87},[69,77197,91],{"class":83},[69,77199,7420],{"class":87},[69,77201,91],{"class":83},[69,77203,826],{"class":87},[69,77205,103],{"class":83},[69,77207,77208,77210,77212,77214,77216,77218,77220],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,77209,3739],{"class":83},[69,77211,2197],{"class":87},[69,77213,91],{"class":83},[69,77215,7420],{"class":87},[69,77217,91],{"class":83},[69,77219,7425],{"class":87},[69,77221,103],{"class":83},[14,77223,77224,77227],{},[17,77225,77226],{},"numbers[::-1]"," creates a reversed copy.",[14,77229,77230,77231,77234],{},"By contrast, ",[17,77232,77233],{},"numbers.reverse()"," changes the original list in place.",[1369,77236,77238],{"id":77237},"_5-using-a-step-of-0","5. Using a step of 0",[14,77240,77241],{},"This is not allowed:",[60,77243,77245],{"className":62,"code":77244,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# print(numbers[::0])\n",[17,77246,77247,77267],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,77248,77249,77251,77253,77255,77257,77259,77261,77263,77265],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,77250,801],{"class":75},[69,77252,80],{"class":79},[69,77254,84],{"class":83},[69,77256,2197],{"class":87},[69,77258,91],{"class":83},[69,77260,7420],{"class":87},[69,77262,91],{"class":83},[69,77264,7425],{"class":87},[69,77266,103],{"class":83},[69,77268,77269],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,77270,77271],{"class":128},"# print(numbers[::0])\n",[14,77273,77274,77275,25],{},"Python will raise a ",[17,77276,40367],{},[141,77278,77280],{"id":77279},"common-causes-of-slicing-confusion","Common causes of slicing confusion",[14,77282,77283],{},"If list slicing feels confusing at first, these are usually the reasons:",[30,77285,77286,77293,77299,77302,77305],{},[33,77287,36865,77288,587,77290,77292],{},[17,77289,35732],{},[17,77291,75098],{}," positions",[33,77294,77295,77296,77298],{},"Assuming the ",[17,77297,75098],{}," index is included",[33,77300,77301],{},"Mixing up slicing and indexing",[33,77303,77304],{},"Using a negative step without understanding the direction",[33,77306,77307],{},"Expecting a slice to modify the original list",[14,77309,77310],{},"A good way to debug slices is to print the list and test small examples:",[60,77312,77314],{"className":62,"code":77313,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list[1:4])\nprint(my_list[:3])\nprint(my_list[-3:])\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[17,77315,77316,77326,77340,77358,77372,77389],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,77317,77318,77320,77322,77324],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,77319,110],{"class":109},[69,77321,113],{"class":83},[69,77323,7971],{"class":121},[69,77325,221],{"class":83},[69,77327,77328,77330,77332,77334,77336,77338],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,77329,110],{"class":109},[69,77331,113],{"class":83},[69,77333,10801],{"class":109},[69,77335,113],{"class":83},[69,77337,7971],{"class":121},[69,77339,342],{"class":83},[69,77341,77342,77344,77346,77348,77350,77352,77354,77356],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,77343,110],{"class":109},[69,77345,113],{"class":83},[69,77347,7971],{"class":121},[69,77349,3739],{"class":83},[69,77351,473],{"class":87},[69,77353,1044],{"class":83},[69,77355,808],{"class":87},[69,77357,3727],{"class":83},[69,77359,77360,77362,77364,77366,77368,77370],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,77361,110],{"class":109},[69,77363,113],{"class":83},[69,77365,7971],{"class":121},[69,77367,75207],{"class":83},[69,77369,1929],{"class":87},[69,77371,3727],{"class":83},[69,77373,77374,77376,77378,77380,77382,77384,77386],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,77375,110],{"class":109},[69,77377,113],{"class":83},[69,77379,7971],{"class":121},[69,77381,3739],{"class":83},[69,77383,1889],{"class":79},[69,77385,1929],{"class":87},[69,77387,77388],{"class":83},":])\n",[69,77390,77391,77393,77395,77397,77399,77401,77403],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,77392,110],{"class":109},[69,77394,113],{"class":83},[69,77396,7971],{"class":121},[69,77398,73794],{"class":83},[69,77400,1889],{"class":79},[69,77402,473],{"class":87},[69,77404,3727],{"class":83},[14,77406,8050,77407,77409,77410,77414],{},[17,77408,42025],{}," is especially helpful when you are checking positions in a list. See ",[192,77411,77413],{"href":77412},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len\u002F","Python list length with len()"," if you need a refresher.",[141,77416,1651],{"id":1650},[1369,77418,77420],{"id":77419},"does-slicing-change-the-original-list","Does slicing change the original list?",[14,77422,77423],{},"No. A slice creates a new list unless you assign it back.",[1369,77425,77427],{"id":77426},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-slice","Is the stop index included in a slice?",[14,77429,77430],{},"No. Python stops before that position.",[1369,77432,4969,77434,39623],{"id":77433},"what-does-list-1-do",[17,77435,75733],{},[14,77437,77438],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the list.",[1369,77440,77442,77443,2359],{"id":77441},"can-slicing-cause-indexerror","Can slicing cause ",[17,77444,70403],{},[14,77446,77447],{},"Usually no. Slices that go past the end return the available items.",[141,77449,1771],{"id":1770},[30,77451,77452,77457,77462,77466,77470,77474],{},[33,77453,77454],{},[192,77455,77456],{"href":50647},"Beginner guide to Python lists",[33,77458,77459],{},[192,77460,77461],{"href":56823},"How to create a list in Python",[33,77463,77464],{},[192,77465,14611],{"href":56889},[33,77467,77468],{},[192,77469,74479],{"href":74478},[33,77471,77472],{},[192,77473,77413],{"href":77412},[33,77475,77476],{},[192,77477,68931],{"href":68930},[14,77479,77480,77481,77483],{},"Practice with small lists first, such as 3 to 5 items. Once slicing feels natural, move on to list indexing, ",[17,77482,42025],{},", copying, and reversing.",[1802,77485,77486],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":77488},[77489,77490,77491,77492,77493,77494,77497,77501,77509,77510,77518],{"id":1869,"depth":106,"text":1870},{"id":75262,"depth":106,"text":75263},{"id":75425,"depth":106,"text":75426},{"id":75687,"depth":106,"text":75688},{"id":75981,"depth":106,"text":75982},{"id":76227,"depth":106,"text":76228,"children":77495},[77496],{"id":76485,"depth":300,"text":76486},{"id":76539,"depth":106,"text":76540,"children":77498},[77499,77500],{"id":76546,"depth":300,"text":76547},{"id":76607,"depth":300,"text":76608},{"id":76814,"depth":106,"text":14823,"children":77502},[77503,77504,77505,77506,77508],{"id":76843,"depth":300,"text":76844},{"id":76932,"depth":300,"text":76933},{"id":76994,"depth":300,"text":76995},{"id":77110,"depth":300,"text":77507},"4. Confusing list[::-1] with list.reverse()",{"id":77237,"depth":300,"text":77238},{"id":77279,"depth":106,"text":77280},{"id":1650,"depth":106,"text":1651,"children":77511},[77512,77513,77514,77516],{"id":77419,"depth":300,"text":77420},{"id":77426,"depth":300,"text":77427},{"id":77433,"depth":300,"text":77515},"What does list[::-1] do?",{"id":77441,"depth":300,"text":77517},"Can slicing cause IndexError?",{"id":1770,"depth":106,"text":1771},"Master python list slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained",{"title":75085,"description":77519},"reference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained","pKnzxErXID1m6QqeoQmUcGq-aEEzjpIsufZXfnjTT8o",{"id":77526,"title":77527,"body":77528,"description":79597,"extension":1828,"meta":79598,"navigation":833,"path":79599,"seo":79600,"stem":79601,"__hash__":79602},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method.md","Python List sort() Method",{"type":7,"value":77529,"toc":79563},[77530,77535,77541,77547,77549,77596,77603,77608,77612,77627,77630,77683,77685,77710,77715,77717,77749,77752,77768,77770,77831,77833,77858,77862,77867,77920,77922,77947,77952,78013,78015,78040,78043,78050,78054,78057,78118,78120,78153,78156,78217,78219,78252,78258,78331,78333,78365,78372,78377,78382,78384,78396,78399,78477,78479,78520,78523,78597,78599,78632,78637,78644,78651,78655,78664,78668,78676,78678,78745,78747,78783,78788,78799,78801,78806,78811,78813,78876,78878,78903,78910,78915,78919,78922,78962,78967,78973,78978,78980,79007,79012,79015,79062,79064,79121,79128,79133,79139,79208,79212,79215,79278,79280,79313,79318,79320,79323,79404,79406,79430,79436,79438,79443,79447,79454,79462,79466,79468,79491,79495,79497,79524,79527,79534,79537,79539,79560],[10,77531,54011,77533,10962],{"id":77532},"python-list-sort-method",[17,77534,63983],{},[14,77536,77537,77540],{},[17,77538,77539],{},"list.sort()"," is the built-in list method for sorting items in a list.",[14,77542,77543,77544,77546],{},"Use this page as a quick reference for what ",[17,77545,63983],{}," does, how its main arguments work, and the beginner mistakes to avoid.",[141,77548,1870],{"id":1869},[60,77550,77552],{"className":62,"code":77551,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(numbers)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[17,77553,77554,77574,77584],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,77555,77556,77558,77560,77562,77564,77566,77568,77570,77572],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,77557,801],{"class":75},[69,77559,80],{"class":79},[69,77561,84],{"class":83},[69,77563,1929],{"class":87},[69,77565,91],{"class":83},[69,77567,272],{"class":87},[69,77569,91],{"class":83},[69,77571,316],{"class":87},[69,77573,103],{"class":83},[69,77575,77576,77578,77580,77582],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,77577,3512],{"class":75},[69,77579,25],{"class":83},[69,77581,34457],{"class":121},[69,77583,8277],{"class":83},[69,77585,77586,77588,77590,77592,77594],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,77587,110],{"class":109},[69,77589,113],{"class":83},[69,77591,3512],{"class":121},[69,77593,3525],{"class":83},[69,77595,54601],{"class":128},[14,77597,132,77598,77600,77601,25],{},[17,77599,77539],{}," to sort a list in place. It changes the original list and returns ",[17,77602,449],{},[141,77604,3540,77606,3543],{"id":77605},"what-listsort-does",[17,77607,77539],{},[14,77609,77610,1044],{},[17,77611,77539],{},[30,77613,77614,77617,77620,77624],{},[33,77615,77616],{},"Sorts the items of a list in place",[33,77618,77619],{},"Changes the original list",[33,77621,11064,77622],{},[17,77623,449],{},[33,77625,77626],{},"Works for numbers and strings when items can be compared",[14,77628,77629],{},"This means the list itself is updated after you call the method.",[60,77631,77633],{"className":62,"code":77632,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,77634,77635,77659,77669,77673],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,77636,77637,77639,77641,77643,77645,77647,77649,77651,77653,77655,77657],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,77638,801],{"class":75},[69,77640,80],{"class":79},[69,77642,84],{"class":83},[69,77644,670],{"class":87},[69,77646,91],{"class":83},[69,77648,316],{"class":87},[69,77650,91],{"class":83},[69,77652,53805],{"class":87},[69,77654,91],{"class":83},[69,77656,272],{"class":87},[69,77658,103],{"class":83},[69,77660,77661,77663,77665,77667],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,77662,3512],{"class":75},[69,77664,25],{"class":83},[69,77666,34457],{"class":121},[69,77668,8277],{"class":83},[69,77670,77671],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,77672,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,77674,77675,77677,77679,77681],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,77676,110],{"class":109},[69,77678,113],{"class":83},[69,77680,3512],{"class":121},[69,77682,221],{"class":83},[14,77684,643],{},[60,77686,77688],{"className":62,"code":77687,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[1, 2, 5, 9]\n",[17,77689,77690],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,77691,77692,77694,77696,77698,77700,77702,77704,77706,77708],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,77693,3739],{"class":83},[69,77695,473],{"class":87},[69,77697,91],{"class":83},[69,77699,316],{"class":87},[69,77701,91],{"class":83},[69,77703,100],{"class":87},[69,77705,91],{"class":83},[69,77707,53805],{"class":87},[69,77709,103],{"class":83},[14,77711,77712,77713,25],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, see the ",[192,77714,66749],{"href":50647},[141,77716,2024],{"id":2023},[60,77718,77720],{"className":62,"code":77719,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_list.sort(key=None, reverse=False)\n",[17,77721,77722],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,77723,77724,77726,77728,77730,77732,77734,77736,77738,77740,77743,77745,77747],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,77725,7971],{"class":75},[69,77727,25],{"class":83},[69,77729,34457],{"class":121},[69,77731,113],{"class":83},[69,77733,14487],{"class":8811},[69,77735,80],{"class":79},[69,77737,449],{"class":289},[69,77739,91],{"class":83},[69,77741,77742],{"class":8811}," reverse",[69,77744,80],{"class":79},[69,77746,57],{"class":289},[69,77748,221],{"class":83},[14,77750,77751],{},"Main arguments:",[30,77753,77754,77759,77765],{},[33,77755,77756,77758],{},[17,77757,14487],{}," lets you sort by a custom rule",[33,77760,77761,77764],{},[17,77762,77763],{},"reverse=True"," sorts in descending order",[33,77766,77767],{},"If no arguments are given, sorting is ascending",[14,77769,2076],{},[60,77771,77773],{"className":62,"code":77772,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [4, 1, 7, 2]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,77774,77775,77799,77817,77821],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,77776,77777,77779,77781,77783,77785,77787,77789,77791,77793,77795,77797],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,77778,801],{"class":75},[69,77780,80],{"class":79},[69,77782,84],{"class":83},[69,77784,808],{"class":87},[69,77786,91],{"class":83},[69,77788,272],{"class":87},[69,77790,91],{"class":83},[69,77792,813],{"class":87},[69,77794,91],{"class":83},[69,77796,316],{"class":87},[69,77798,103],{"class":83},[69,77800,77801,77803,77805,77807,77809,77811,77813,77815],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,77802,3512],{"class":75},[69,77804,25],{"class":83},[69,77806,34457],{"class":121},[69,77808,113],{"class":83},[69,77810,73249],{"class":8811},[69,77812,80],{"class":79},[69,77814,53],{"class":289},[69,77816,221],{"class":83},[69,77818,77819],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,77820,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,77822,77823,77825,77827,77829],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,77824,110],{"class":109},[69,77826,113],{"class":83},[69,77828,3512],{"class":121},[69,77830,221],{"class":83},[14,77832,643],{},[60,77834,77836],{"className":62,"code":77835,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[7, 4, 2, 1]\n",[17,77837,77838],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,77839,77840,77842,77844,77846,77848,77850,77852,77854,77856],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,77841,3739],{"class":83},[69,77843,1892],{"class":87},[69,77845,91],{"class":83},[69,77847,2323],{"class":87},[69,77849,91],{"class":83},[69,77851,316],{"class":87},[69,77853,91],{"class":83},[69,77855,272],{"class":87},[69,77857,103],{"class":83},[141,77859,77861],{"id":77860},"sort-numbers","Sort numbers",[14,77863,132,77864,77866],{},[17,77865,63983],{}," when you want to sort numbers in ascending order.",[60,77868,77870],{"className":62,"code":77869,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,77871,77872,77896,77906,77910],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,77873,77874,77876,77878,77880,77882,77884,77886,77888,77890,77892,77894],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,77875,801],{"class":75},[69,77877,80],{"class":79},[69,77879,84],{"class":83},[69,77881,2197],{"class":87},[69,77883,91],{"class":83},[69,77885,516],{"class":87},[69,77887,91],{"class":83},[69,77889,1200],{"class":87},[69,77891,91],{"class":83},[69,77893,272],{"class":87},[69,77895,103],{"class":83},[69,77897,77898,77900,77902,77904],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,77899,3512],{"class":75},[69,77901,25],{"class":83},[69,77903,34457],{"class":121},[69,77905,8277],{"class":83},[69,77907,77908],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,77909,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,77911,77912,77914,77916,77918],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,77913,110],{"class":109},[69,77915,113],{"class":83},[69,77917,3512],{"class":121},[69,77919,221],{"class":83},[14,77921,643],{},[60,77923,77925],{"className":62,"code":77924,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[1, 3, 8, 10]\n",[17,77926,77927],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,77928,77929,77931,77933,77935,77937,77939,77941,77943,77945],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,77930,3739],{"class":83},[69,77932,473],{"class":87},[69,77934,91],{"class":83},[69,77936,516],{"class":87},[69,77938,91],{"class":83},[69,77940,1200],{"class":87},[69,77942,91],{"class":83},[69,77944,826],{"class":87},[69,77946,103],{"class":83},[14,77948,132,77949,77951],{},[17,77950,77763],{}," for descending order:",[60,77953,77955],{"className":62,"code":77954,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,77956,77957,77981,77999,78003],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,77958,77959,77961,77963,77965,77967,77969,77971,77973,77975,77977,77979],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,77960,801],{"class":75},[69,77962,80],{"class":79},[69,77964,84],{"class":83},[69,77966,2197],{"class":87},[69,77968,91],{"class":83},[69,77970,516],{"class":87},[69,77972,91],{"class":83},[69,77974,1200],{"class":87},[69,77976,91],{"class":83},[69,77978,272],{"class":87},[69,77980,103],{"class":83},[69,77982,77983,77985,77987,77989,77991,77993,77995,77997],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,77984,3512],{"class":75},[69,77986,25],{"class":83},[69,77988,34457],{"class":121},[69,77990,113],{"class":83},[69,77992,73249],{"class":8811},[69,77994,80],{"class":79},[69,77996,53],{"class":289},[69,77998,221],{"class":83},[69,78000,78001],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,78002,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,78004,78005,78007,78009,78011],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,78006,110],{"class":109},[69,78008,113],{"class":83},[69,78010,3512],{"class":121},[69,78012,221],{"class":83},[14,78014,643],{},[60,78016,78018],{"className":62,"code":78017,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[10, 8, 3, 1]\n",[17,78019,78020],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,78021,78022,78024,78026,78028,78030,78032,78034,78036,78038],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,78023,3739],{"class":83},[69,78025,2197],{"class":87},[69,78027,91],{"class":83},[69,78029,1200],{"class":87},[69,78031,91],{"class":83},[69,78033,516],{"class":87},[69,78035,91],{"class":83},[69,78037,272],{"class":87},[69,78039,103],{"class":83},[14,78041,78042],{},"The important thing to remember is that the original list is updated after the method call.",[14,78044,78045,78046,25],{},"For a task-focused guide, read ",[192,78047,78049],{"href":78048},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to sort a list in Python",[141,78051,78053],{"id":78052},"sort-strings","Sort strings",[14,78055,78056],{},"Strings are sorted alphabetically by default.",[60,78058,78060],{"className":62,"code":78059,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[17,78061,78062,78094,78104,78108],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,78063,78064,78066,78068,78070,78072,78074,78076,78078,78080,78082,78084,78086,78088,78090,78092],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,78065,943],{"class":75},[69,78067,80],{"class":79},[69,78069,84],{"class":83},[69,78071,333],{"class":94},[69,78073,967],{"class":336},[69,78075,333],{"class":94},[69,78077,91],{"class":83},[69,78079,964],{"class":94},[69,78081,952],{"class":336},[69,78083,333],{"class":94},[69,78085,91],{"class":83},[69,78087,964],{"class":94},[69,78089,3930],{"class":336},[69,78091,333],{"class":94},[69,78093,103],{"class":83},[69,78095,78096,78098,78100,78102],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,78097,3947],{"class":75},[69,78099,25],{"class":83},[69,78101,34457],{"class":121},[69,78103,8277],{"class":83},[69,78105,78106],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,78107,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,78109,78110,78112,78114,78116],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,78111,110],{"class":109},[69,78113,113],{"class":83},[69,78115,3947],{"class":121},[69,78117,221],{"class":83},[14,78119,643],{},[60,78121,78123],{"className":62,"code":78122,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[17,78124,78125],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,78126,78127,78129,78131,78133,78135,78137,78139,78141,78143,78145,78147,78149,78151],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,78128,3739],{"class":83},[69,78130,488],{"class":94},[69,78132,952],{"class":336},[69,78134,488],{"class":94},[69,78136,91],{"class":83},[69,78138,3161],{"class":94},[69,78140,967],{"class":336},[69,78142,488],{"class":94},[69,78144,91],{"class":83},[69,78146,3161],{"class":94},[69,78148,3930],{"class":336},[69,78150,488],{"class":94},[69,78152,103],{"class":83},[14,78154,78155],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters affect the result:",[60,78157,78159],{"className":62,"code":78158,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[17,78160,78161,78193,78203,78207],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,78162,78163,78165,78167,78169,78171,78173,78175,78177,78179,78181,78183,78185,78187,78189,78191],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,78164,943],{"class":75},[69,78166,80],{"class":79},[69,78168,84],{"class":83},[69,78170,333],{"class":94},[69,78172,967],{"class":336},[69,78174,333],{"class":94},[69,78176,91],{"class":83},[69,78178,964],{"class":94},[69,78180,57438],{"class":336},[69,78182,333],{"class":94},[69,78184,91],{"class":83},[69,78186,964],{"class":94},[69,78188,3930],{"class":336},[69,78190,333],{"class":94},[69,78192,103],{"class":83},[69,78194,78195,78197,78199,78201],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,78196,3947],{"class":75},[69,78198,25],{"class":83},[69,78200,34457],{"class":121},[69,78202,8277],{"class":83},[69,78204,78205],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,78206,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,78208,78209,78211,78213,78215],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,78210,110],{"class":109},[69,78212,113],{"class":83},[69,78214,3947],{"class":121},[69,78216,221],{"class":83},[14,78218,643],{},[60,78220,78222],{"className":62,"code":78221,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['Apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[17,78223,78224],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,78225,78226,78228,78230,78232,78234,78236,78238,78240,78242,78244,78246,78248,78250],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,78227,3739],{"class":83},[69,78229,488],{"class":94},[69,78231,57438],{"class":336},[69,78233,488],{"class":94},[69,78235,91],{"class":83},[69,78237,3161],{"class":94},[69,78239,967],{"class":336},[69,78241,488],{"class":94},[69,78243,91],{"class":83},[69,78245,3161],{"class":94},[69,78247,3930],{"class":336},[69,78249,488],{"class":94},[69,78251,103],{"class":83},[14,78253,78254,78255,1044],{},"If you want case-insensitive sorting, use ",[17,78256,78257],{},"key=str.lower",[60,78259,78261],{"className":62,"code":78260,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[17,78262,78263,78295,78317,78321],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,78264,78265,78267,78269,78271,78273,78275,78277,78279,78281,78283,78285,78287,78289,78291,78293],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,78266,943],{"class":75},[69,78268,80],{"class":79},[69,78270,84],{"class":83},[69,78272,333],{"class":94},[69,78274,967],{"class":336},[69,78276,333],{"class":94},[69,78278,91],{"class":83},[69,78280,964],{"class":94},[69,78282,57438],{"class":336},[69,78284,333],{"class":94},[69,78286,91],{"class":83},[69,78288,964],{"class":94},[69,78290,3930],{"class":336},[69,78292,333],{"class":94},[69,78294,103],{"class":83},[69,78296,78297,78299,78301,78303,78305,78307,78309,78311,78313,78315],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,78298,3947],{"class":75},[69,78300,25],{"class":83},[69,78302,34457],{"class":121},[69,78304,113],{"class":83},[69,78306,14487],{"class":8811},[69,78308,80],{"class":79},[69,78310,3309],{"class":1126},[69,78312,25],{"class":83},[69,78314,8274],{"class":24402},[69,78316,221],{"class":83},[69,78318,78319],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,78320,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,78322,78323,78325,78327,78329],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,78324,110],{"class":109},[69,78326,113],{"class":83},[69,78328,3947],{"class":121},[69,78330,221],{"class":83},[14,78332,643],{},[60,78334,78335],{"className":62,"code":78221,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,78336,78337],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,78338,78339,78341,78343,78345,78347,78349,78351,78353,78355,78357,78359,78361,78363],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,78340,3739],{"class":83},[69,78342,488],{"class":94},[69,78344,57438],{"class":336},[69,78346,488],{"class":94},[69,78348,91],{"class":83},[69,78350,3161],{"class":94},[69,78352,967],{"class":336},[69,78354,488],{"class":94},[69,78356,91],{"class":83},[69,78358,3161],{"class":94},[69,78360,3930],{"class":336},[69,78362,488],{"class":94},[69,78364,103],{"class":83},[14,78366,78367,78368,78371],{},"The original spelling stays the same. Python only uses ",[17,78369,78370],{},"str.lower"," as the sorting rule.",[141,78373,36273,78375,36276],{"id":78374},"using-the-key-argument",[17,78376,14487],{},[14,78378,1845,78379,78381],{},[17,78380,14487],{}," argument changes how each item is compared.",[14,78383,6971],{},[30,78385,78386,78391],{},[33,78387,78388,78390],{},[17,78389,10801],{}," to sort by length",[33,78392,78393,78395],{},[17,78394,78370],{}," to sort strings without case problems",[14,78397,78398],{},"Sort words by length:",[60,78400,78402],{"className":62,"code":78401,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = [\"pear\", \"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[17,78403,78404,78445,78463,78467],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,78405,78406,78408,78410,78412,78414,78417,78419,78421,78423,78425,78427,78429,78431,78433,78435,78437,78439,78441,78443],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,78407,943],{"class":75},[69,78409,80],{"class":79},[69,78411,84],{"class":83},[69,78413,333],{"class":94},[69,78415,78416],{"class":336},"pear",[69,78418,333],{"class":94},[69,78420,91],{"class":83},[69,78422,964],{"class":94},[69,78424,967],{"class":336},[69,78426,333],{"class":94},[69,78428,91],{"class":83},[69,78430,964],{"class":94},[69,78432,38020],{"class":336},[69,78434,333],{"class":94},[69,78436,91],{"class":83},[69,78438,964],{"class":94},[69,78440,952],{"class":336},[69,78442,333],{"class":94},[69,78444,103],{"class":83},[69,78446,78447,78449,78451,78453,78455,78457,78459,78461],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,78448,3947],{"class":75},[69,78450,25],{"class":83},[69,78452,34457],{"class":121},[69,78454,113],{"class":83},[69,78456,14487],{"class":8811},[69,78458,80],{"class":79},[69,78460,10801],{"class":109},[69,78462,221],{"class":83},[69,78464,78465],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,78466,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,78468,78469,78471,78473,78475],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,78470,110],{"class":109},[69,78472,113],{"class":83},[69,78474,3947],{"class":121},[69,78476,221],{"class":83},[14,78478,643],{},[60,78480,78482],{"className":62,"code":78481,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['fig', 'pear', 'apple', 'banana']\n",[17,78483,78484],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,78485,78486,78488,78490,78492,78494,78496,78498,78500,78502,78504,78506,78508,78510,78512,78514,78516,78518],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,78487,3739],{"class":83},[69,78489,488],{"class":94},[69,78491,38020],{"class":336},[69,78493,488],{"class":94},[69,78495,91],{"class":83},[69,78497,3161],{"class":94},[69,78499,78416],{"class":336},[69,78501,488],{"class":94},[69,78503,91],{"class":83},[69,78505,3161],{"class":94},[69,78507,952],{"class":336},[69,78509,488],{"class":94},[69,78511,91],{"class":83},[69,78513,3161],{"class":94},[69,78515,967],{"class":336},[69,78517,488],{"class":94},[69,78519,103],{"class":83},[14,78521,78522],{},"Sort strings without case sensitivity:",[60,78524,78526],{"className":62,"code":78525,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = [\"Bob\", \"alice\", \"Carol\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[17,78527,78528,78561,78583,78587],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,78529,78530,78532,78534,78536,78538,78540,78542,78544,78546,78548,78550,78552,78554,78557,78559],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,78531,943],{"class":75},[69,78533,80],{"class":79},[69,78535,84],{"class":83},[69,78537,333],{"class":94},[69,78539,4840],{"class":336},[69,78541,333],{"class":94},[69,78543,91],{"class":83},[69,78545,964],{"class":94},[69,78547,17452],{"class":336},[69,78549,333],{"class":94},[69,78551,91],{"class":83},[69,78553,964],{"class":94},[69,78555,78556],{"class":336},"Carol",[69,78558,333],{"class":94},[69,78560,103],{"class":83},[69,78562,78563,78565,78567,78569,78571,78573,78575,78577,78579,78581],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,78564,3947],{"class":75},[69,78566,25],{"class":83},[69,78568,34457],{"class":121},[69,78570,113],{"class":83},[69,78572,14487],{"class":8811},[69,78574,80],{"class":79},[69,78576,3309],{"class":1126},[69,78578,25],{"class":83},[69,78580,8274],{"class":24402},[69,78582,221],{"class":83},[69,78584,78585],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,78586,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,78588,78589,78591,78593,78595],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,78590,110],{"class":109},[69,78592,113],{"class":83},[69,78594,3947],{"class":121},[69,78596,221],{"class":83},[14,78598,643],{},[60,78600,78602],{"className":62,"code":78601,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['alice', 'Bob', 'Carol']\n",[17,78603,78604],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,78605,78606,78608,78610,78612,78614,78616,78618,78620,78622,78624,78626,78628,78630],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,78607,3739],{"class":83},[69,78609,488],{"class":94},[69,78611,17452],{"class":336},[69,78613,488],{"class":94},[69,78615,91],{"class":83},[69,78617,3161],{"class":94},[69,78619,4840],{"class":336},[69,78621,488],{"class":94},[69,78623,91],{"class":83},[69,78625,3161],{"class":94},[69,78627,78556],{"class":336},[69,78629,488],{"class":94},[69,78631,103],{"class":83},[14,78633,1845,78634,78636],{},[17,78635,14487],{}," argument is especially useful when the default alphabetical or numeric order is not what you want.",[141,78638,78640,10223,78642],{"id":78639},"listsort-vs-sorted",[17,78641,77539],{},[17,78643,74096],{},[14,78645,78646,587,78648,78650],{},[17,78647,77539],{},[17,78649,74096],{}," both sort data, but they work differently.",[14,78652,78653,1044],{},[17,78654,77539],{},[30,78656,78657,78660],{},[33,78658,78659],{},"Changes the existing list",[33,78661,11064,78662],{},[17,78663,449],{},[14,78665,78666,1044],{},[17,78667,74096],{},[30,78669,78670,78673],{},[33,78671,78672],{},"Returns a new sorted list",[33,78674,78675],{},"Leaves the original unchanged",[14,78677,2076],{},[60,78679,78681],{"className":62,"code":78680,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(new_list)\n",[17,78682,78683,78703,78707,78721,78725,78735],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,78684,78685,78687,78689,78691,78693,78695,78697,78699,78701],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,78686,801],{"class":75},[69,78688,80],{"class":79},[69,78690,84],{"class":83},[69,78692,1929],{"class":87},[69,78694,91],{"class":83},[69,78696,272],{"class":87},[69,78698,91],{"class":83},[69,78700,316],{"class":87},[69,78702,103],{"class":83},[69,78704,78705],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,78706,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,78708,78709,78711,78713,78715,78717,78719],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,78710,55559],{"class":75},[69,78712,80],{"class":79},[69,78714,74230],{"class":109},[69,78716,113],{"class":83},[69,78718,3512],{"class":121},[69,78720,221],{"class":83},[69,78722,78723],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,78724,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,78726,78727,78729,78731,78733],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,78728,110],{"class":109},[69,78730,113],{"class":83},[69,78732,3512],{"class":121},[69,78734,221],{"class":83},[69,78736,78737,78739,78741,78743],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,78738,110],{"class":109},[69,78740,113],{"class":83},[69,78742,73953],{"class":121},[69,78744,221],{"class":83},[14,78746,643],{},[60,78748,78749],{"className":62,"code":74265,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,78750,78751,78767],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,78752,78753,78755,78757,78759,78761,78763,78765],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,78754,3739],{"class":83},[69,78756,1929],{"class":87},[69,78758,91],{"class":83},[69,78760,272],{"class":87},[69,78762,91],{"class":83},[69,78764,316],{"class":87},[69,78766,103],{"class":83},[69,78768,78769,78771,78773,78775,78777,78779,78781],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,78770,3739],{"class":83},[69,78772,473],{"class":87},[69,78774,91],{"class":83},[69,78776,316],{"class":87},[69,78778,91],{"class":83},[69,78780,516],{"class":87},[69,78782,103],{"class":83},[14,78784,132,78785,78787],{},[17,78786,74096],{}," when you want to keep the original list unchanged.",[14,78789,78790,78791,587,78795,25],{},"You can learn more in ",[192,78792,3441,78793,594],{"href":74193},[17,78794,74096],{},[192,78796,78798],{"href":78797},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","sorted() vs list.sort() explained",[141,78800,2698],{"id":2697},[14,78802,78803,78804,25],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes with ",[17,78805,77539],{},[1369,78807,12237,78809],{"id":78808},"assigning-the-result-of-sort",[17,78810,63983],{},[14,78812,25343],{},[60,78814,78816],{"className":62,"code":78815,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,78817,78818,78838,78852,78856,78866],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,78819,78820,78822,78824,78826,78828,78830,78832,78834,78836],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,78821,801],{"class":75},[69,78823,80],{"class":79},[69,78825,84],{"class":83},[69,78827,1929],{"class":87},[69,78829,91],{"class":83},[69,78831,272],{"class":87},[69,78833,91],{"class":83},[69,78835,316],{"class":87},[69,78837,103],{"class":83},[69,78839,78840,78842,78844,78846,78848,78850],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,78841,839],{"class":75},[69,78843,80],{"class":79},[69,78845,865],{"class":75},[69,78847,25],{"class":83},[69,78849,34457],{"class":121},[69,78851,8277],{"class":83},[69,78853,78854],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,78855,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,78857,78858,78860,78862,78864],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,78859,110],{"class":109},[69,78861,113],{"class":83},[69,78863,876],{"class":121},[69,78865,221],{"class":83},[69,78867,78868,78870,78872,78874],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,78869,110],{"class":109},[69,78871,113],{"class":83},[69,78873,3512],{"class":121},[69,78875,221],{"class":83},[14,78877,643],{},[60,78879,78881],{"className":62,"code":78880,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"None\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[17,78882,78883,78887],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,78884,78885],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,78886,11450],{"class":289},[69,78888,78889,78891,78893,78895,78897,78899,78901],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,78890,3739],{"class":83},[69,78892,473],{"class":87},[69,78894,91],{"class":83},[69,78896,316],{"class":87},[69,78898,91],{"class":83},[69,78900,516],{"class":87},[69,78902,103],{"class":83},[14,78904,78905,78907,78908,25],{},[17,78906,63983],{}," does not return the sorted list. It returns ",[17,78909,449],{},[14,78911,78912,78913,1481],{},"If you want a new list, use ",[17,78914,74096],{},[1369,78916,78918],{"id":78917},"sorting-mixed-types","Sorting mixed types",[14,78920,78921],{},"Python cannot always compare different types directly.",[60,78923,78925],{"className":62,"code":78924,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = [1, \"two\", 3]\nitems.sort()\n",[17,78926,78927,78952],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,78928,78929,78931,78933,78935,78937,78939,78941,78944,78946,78948,78950],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,78930,7409],{"class":75},[69,78932,80],{"class":79},[69,78934,84],{"class":83},[69,78936,473],{"class":87},[69,78938,91],{"class":83},[69,78940,964],{"class":94},[69,78942,78943],{"class":336},"two",[69,78945,333],{"class":94},[69,78947,91],{"class":83},[69,78949,516],{"class":87},[69,78951,103],{"class":83},[69,78953,78954,78956,78958,78960],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,78955,7440],{"class":75},[69,78957,25],{"class":83},[69,78959,34457],{"class":121},[69,78961,8277],{"class":83},[14,78963,2867,78964,78966],{},[17,78965,2870],{}," because Python cannot sort integers and strings together by default.",[1369,78968,4530,78970,78972],{"id":78969},"forgetting-that-sort-only-works-on-lists",[17,78971,63983],{}," only works on lists",[14,78974,78975,78977],{},[17,78976,63983],{}," is a list method. It does not work directly on tuples or strings.",[14,78979,16291],{},[60,78981,78983],{"className":62,"code":78982,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"python\"\ntext.sort()\n",[17,78984,78985,78997],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,78986,78987,78989,78991,78993,78995],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,78988,34345],{"class":75},[69,78990,80],{"class":79},[69,78992,964],{"class":94},[69,78994,64],{"class":336},[69,78996,3224],{"class":94},[69,78998,78999,79001,79003,79005],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,79000,34366],{"class":75},[69,79002,25],{"class":83},[69,79004,34457],{"class":121},[69,79006,8277],{"class":83},[14,79008,79009,79010,33257],{},"Strings do not have a ",[17,79011,63983],{},[14,79013,79014],{},"If needed, convert the data first:",[60,79016,79018],{"className":62,"code":79017,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"letters = list(\"python\")\nletters.sort()\n\nprint(letters)\n",[17,79019,79020,79038,79048,79052],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,79021,79022,79024,79026,79028,79030,79032,79034,79036],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,79023,35750],{"class":75},[69,79025,80],{"class":79},[69,79027,22211],{"class":1126},[69,79029,113],{"class":83},[69,79031,333],{"class":94},[69,79033,64],{"class":336},[69,79035,333],{"class":94},[69,79037,221],{"class":83},[69,79039,79040,79042,79044,79046],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,79041,35803],{"class":75},[69,79043,25],{"class":83},[69,79045,34457],{"class":121},[69,79047,8277],{"class":83},[69,79049,79050],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,79051,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,79053,79054,79056,79058,79060],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,79055,110],{"class":109},[69,79057,113],{"class":83},[69,79059,35803],{"class":121},[69,79061,221],{"class":83},[14,79063,643],{},[60,79065,79067],{"className":62,"code":79066,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['h', 'n', 'o', 'p', 't', 'y']\n",[17,79068,79069],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,79070,79071,79073,79075,79077,79079,79081,79083,79085,79087,79089,79091,79093,79095,79097,79099,79101,79103,79105,79107,79109,79111,79113,79115,79117,79119],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,79072,3739],{"class":83},[69,79074,488],{"class":94},[69,79076,60109],{"class":336},[69,79078,488],{"class":94},[69,79080,91],{"class":83},[69,79082,3161],{"class":94},[69,79084,75702],{"class":336},[69,79086,488],{"class":94},[69,79088,91],{"class":83},[69,79090,3161],{"class":94},[69,79092,60144],{"class":336},[69,79094,488],{"class":94},[69,79096,91],{"class":83},[69,79098,3161],{"class":94},[69,79100,14],{"class":336},[69,79102,488],{"class":94},[69,79104,91],{"class":83},[69,79106,3161],{"class":94},[69,79108,62958],{"class":336},[69,79110,488],{"class":94},[69,79112,91],{"class":83},[69,79114,3161],{"class":94},[69,79116,11387],{"class":336},[69,79118,488],{"class":94},[69,79120,103],{"class":83},[1369,79122,79124,79125,79127],{"id":79123},"not-using-key-when-custom-sorting-is-needed","Not using ",[17,79126,14487],{}," when custom sorting is needed",[14,79129,79130,79131,25],{},"If the default order is not correct for your problem, you may need ",[17,79132,14487],{},[14,79134,79135,79136,79138],{},"For example, if you want to sort words by length, plain ",[17,79137,63983],{}," will not do that:",[60,79140,79142],{"className":62,"code":79141,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = [\"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[17,79143,79144,79176,79194,79198],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,79145,79146,79148,79150,79152,79154,79156,79158,79160,79162,79164,79166,79168,79170,79172,79174],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,79147,943],{"class":75},[69,79149,80],{"class":79},[69,79151,84],{"class":83},[69,79153,333],{"class":94},[69,79155,967],{"class":336},[69,79157,333],{"class":94},[69,79159,91],{"class":83},[69,79161,964],{"class":94},[69,79163,38020],{"class":336},[69,79165,333],{"class":94},[69,79167,91],{"class":83},[69,79169,964],{"class":94},[69,79171,952],{"class":336},[69,79173,333],{"class":94},[69,79175,103],{"class":83},[69,79177,79178,79180,79182,79184,79186,79188,79190,79192],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,79179,3947],{"class":75},[69,79181,25],{"class":83},[69,79183,34457],{"class":121},[69,79185,113],{"class":83},[69,79187,14487],{"class":8811},[69,79189,80],{"class":79},[69,79191,10801],{"class":109},[69,79193,221],{"class":83},[69,79195,79196],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,79197,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,79199,79200,79202,79204,79206],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,79201,110],{"class":109},[69,79203,113],{"class":83},[69,79205,3947],{"class":121},[69,79207,221],{"class":83},[1369,79209,79211],{"id":79210},"unexpected-string-order-because-of-uppercase-letters","Unexpected string order because of uppercase letters",[14,79213,79214],{},"This often surprises beginners:",[60,79216,79218],{"className":62,"code":79217,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[17,79219,79220,79254,79264,79268],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,79221,79222,79224,79226,79228,79230,79233,79235,79237,79239,79241,79243,79245,79247,79250,79252],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,79223,943],{"class":75},[69,79225,80],{"class":79},[69,79227,84],{"class":83},[69,79229,333],{"class":94},[69,79231,79232],{"class":336},"zebra",[69,79234,333],{"class":94},[69,79236,91],{"class":83},[69,79238,964],{"class":94},[69,79240,57438],{"class":336},[69,79242,333],{"class":94},[69,79244,91],{"class":83},[69,79246,964],{"class":94},[69,79248,79249],{"class":336},"monkey",[69,79251,333],{"class":94},[69,79253,103],{"class":83},[69,79255,79256,79258,79260,79262],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,79257,3947],{"class":75},[69,79259,25],{"class":83},[69,79261,34457],{"class":121},[69,79263,8277],{"class":83},[69,79265,79266],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,79267,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,79269,79270,79272,79274,79276],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,79271,110],{"class":109},[69,79273,113],{"class":83},[69,79275,3947],{"class":121},[69,79277,221],{"class":83},[14,79279,643],{},[60,79281,79283],{"className":62,"code":79282,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['Apple', 'monkey', 'zebra']\n",[17,79284,79285],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,79286,79287,79289,79291,79293,79295,79297,79299,79301,79303,79305,79307,79309,79311],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,79288,3739],{"class":83},[69,79290,488],{"class":94},[69,79292,57438],{"class":336},[69,79294,488],{"class":94},[69,79296,91],{"class":83},[69,79298,3161],{"class":94},[69,79300,79249],{"class":336},[69,79302,488],{"class":94},[69,79304,91],{"class":83},[69,79306,3161],{"class":94},[69,79308,79232],{"class":336},[69,79310,488],{"class":94},[69,79312,103],{"class":83},[14,79314,132,79315,79317],{},[17,79316,78257],{}," if you want case-insensitive sorting.",[1369,79319,60381],{"id":60380},[14,79321,79322],{},"If sorting is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[60,79324,79326],{"className":62,"code":79325,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.sort())\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nprint([type(item) for item in my_list])\n",[17,79327,79328,79338,79352,79366,79380],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,79329,79330,79332,79334,79336],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,79331,110],{"class":109},[69,79333,113],{"class":83},[69,79335,7971],{"class":121},[69,79337,221],{"class":83},[69,79339,79340,79342,79344,79346,79348,79350],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,79341,110],{"class":109},[69,79343,113],{"class":83},[69,79345,3087],{"class":1126},[69,79347,113],{"class":83},[69,79349,7971],{"class":121},[69,79351,342],{"class":83},[69,79353,79354,79356,79358,79360,79362,79364],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,79355,110],{"class":109},[69,79357,113],{"class":83},[69,79359,7971],{"class":121},[69,79361,25],{"class":83},[69,79363,34457],{"class":121},[69,79365,6822],{"class":83},[69,79367,79368,79370,79372,79374,79376,79378],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,79369,110],{"class":109},[69,79371,113],{"class":83},[69,79373,74186],{"class":109},[69,79375,113],{"class":83},[69,79377,7971],{"class":121},[69,79379,342],{"class":83},[69,79381,79382,79384,79386,79388,79390,79392,79394,79396,79398,79400,79402],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,79383,110],{"class":109},[69,79385,260],{"class":83},[69,79387,3087],{"class":1126},[69,79389,113],{"class":83},[69,79391,22962],{"class":121},[69,79393,3525],{"class":83},[69,79395,857],{"class":773},[69,79397,777],{"class":121},[69,79399,780],{"class":773},[69,79401,8028],{"class":121},[69,79403,3727],{"class":83},[14,79405,10810],{},[30,79407,79408,79411,79414,79421,79427],{},[33,79409,79410],{},"What values are in the list",[33,79412,79413],{},"Whether the object is really a list",[33,79415,79416,79417,678,79419],{},"That ",[17,79418,63983],{},[17,79420,449],{},[33,79422,79423,79424,79426],{},"Whether ",[17,79425,74096],{}," works better for your case",[33,79428,79429],{},"Whether the list contains mixed data types",[14,79431,79432,79433,79435],{},"If your problem is caused by incompatible values, see a guide for fixing sorting-related ",[17,79434,2870],{}," problems.",[141,79437,1651],{"id":1650},[1369,79439,12347,79441,55138],{"id":79440},"does-listsort-return-a-new-list",[17,79442,77539],{},[14,79444,62274,79445,25],{},[17,79446,449],{},[1369,79448,5006,79450,587,79452,2359],{"id":79449},"what-is-the-difference-between-sort-and-sorted",[17,79451,63983],{},[17,79453,74096],{},[14,79455,79456,79458,79459,79461],{},[17,79457,63983],{}," changes the list itself. ",[17,79460,74096],{}," creates and returns a new sorted list.",[1369,79463,79465],{"id":79464},"how-do-i-sort-in-reverse-order","How do I sort in reverse order?",[14,79467,18344],{},[60,79469,79471],{"className":62,"code":79470,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_list.sort(reverse=True)\n",[17,79472,79473],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,79474,79475,79477,79479,79481,79483,79485,79487,79489],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,79476,7971],{"class":75},[69,79478,25],{"class":83},[69,79480,34457],{"class":121},[69,79482,113],{"class":83},[69,79484,73249],{"class":8811},[69,79486,80],{"class":79},[69,79488,53],{"class":289},[69,79490,221],{"class":83},[1369,79492,79494],{"id":79493},"how-do-i-sort-strings-without-case-problems","How do I sort strings without case problems?",[14,79496,18344],{},[60,79498,79500],{"className":62,"code":79499,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_list.sort(key=str.lower)\n",[17,79501,79502],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,79503,79504,79506,79508,79510,79512,79514,79516,79518,79520,79522],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,79505,7971],{"class":75},[69,79507,25],{"class":83},[69,79509,34457],{"class":121},[69,79511,113],{"class":83},[69,79513,14487],{"class":8811},[69,79515,80],{"class":79},[69,79517,3309],{"class":1126},[69,79519,25],{"class":83},[69,79521,8274],{"class":24402},[69,79523,221],{"class":83},[14,79525,79526],{},"This sorts in a case-insensitive way.",[1369,79528,79530,79531,79533],{"id":79529},"why-do-i-get-a-typeerror-when-sorting","Why do I get a ",[17,79532,2870],{}," when sorting?",[14,79535,79536],{},"Your list may contain values that Python cannot compare directly, such as strings and integers together.",[141,79538,1771],{"id":1770},[30,79540,79541,79546,79552,79556],{},[33,79542,79543],{},[192,79544,79545],{"href":78048},"How to sort a list in Python",[33,79547,79548],{},[192,79549,3441,79550,594],{"href":74193},[17,79551,74096],{},[33,79553,79554],{},[192,79555,66749],{"href":50647},[33,79557,79558],{},[192,79559,78798],{"href":78797},[1802,79561,79562],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":79564},[79565,79566,79568,79569,79570,79571,79573,79575,79586,79596],{"id":1869,"depth":106,"text":1870},{"id":77605,"depth":106,"text":79567},"What list.sort() does",{"id":2023,"depth":106,"text":2024},{"id":77860,"depth":106,"text":77861},{"id":78052,"depth":106,"text":78053},{"id":78374,"depth":106,"text":79572},"Using the key argument",{"id":78639,"depth":106,"text":79574},"list.sort() vs sorted()",{"id":2697,"depth":106,"text":2698,"children":79576},[79577,79579,79580,79582,79584,79585],{"id":78808,"depth":300,"text":79578},"Assigning the result of sort()",{"id":78917,"depth":300,"text":78918},{"id":78969,"depth":300,"text":79581},"Forgetting that sort() only works on lists",{"id":79123,"depth":300,"text":79583},"Not using key when custom sorting is needed",{"id":79210,"depth":300,"text":79211},{"id":60380,"depth":300,"text":60381},{"id":1650,"depth":106,"text":1651,"children":79587},[79588,79590,79592,79593,79594],{"id":79440,"depth":300,"text":79589},"Does list.sort() return a new list?",{"id":79449,"depth":300,"text":79591},"What is the difference between sort() and sorted()?",{"id":79464,"depth":300,"text":79465},{"id":79493,"depth":300,"text":79494},{"id":79529,"depth":300,"text":79595},"Why do I get a TypeError when sorting?",{"id":1770,"depth":106,"text":1771},"Master python list sort method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method",{"title":77527,"description":79597},"reference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method","nuiIwWy1KS8_euTEqMoYpg2B6j3JT08NKrBSVKMUQzs",{"id":79604,"title":79605,"body":79606,"description":82237,"extension":1828,"meta":82238,"navigation":833,"path":82239,"seo":82240,"stem":82241,"__hash__":82242},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained.md","Python map() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":79607,"toc":82196},[79608,79613,79618,79621,79632,79635,79655,79657,79719,79721,79762,79771,79776,79781,79787,79798,79800,79819,79822,79827,79832,79834,79839,79853,79855,79873,79876,79893,79896,79902,79925,79930,79932,79935,79996,79998,80031,80033,80072,80080,80090,80096,80101,80194,80196,80220,80222,80240,80243,80274,80280,80285,80288,80290,80415,80417,80441,80443,80462,80468,80474,80593,80595,80612,80619,80625,80630,80637,80643,80645,80702,80705,80726,80729,80732,80793,80795,80828,80832,80902,80904,80921,80925,80928,81003,81005,81042,81045,81048,81119,81121,81182,81187,81192,81195,81209,81211,81284,81286,81306,81309,81312,81369,81431,81434,81466,81469,81484,81489,81491,81497,81500,81556,81559,81561,81580,81584,81586,81630,81639,81641,81701,81705,81708,81710,81803,81805,81920,81924,81926,82000,82003,82006,82008,82013,82078,82080,82104,82114,82116,82122,82131,82140,82149,82155,82158,82162,82165,82167,82193],[10,79609,3441,79611,3444],{"id":79610},"python-map-function-explained",[17,79612,39379],{},[14,79614,3447,79615,79617],{},[17,79616,39379],{}," function applies the same function to each item in an iterable.",[14,79619,79620],{},"This is useful when you want to transform data, such as:",[30,79622,79623,79626,79629],{},[33,79624,79625],{},"converting numbers to strings",[33,79627,79628],{},"changing strings to integers",[33,79630,79631],{},"doubling every value in a list",[14,79633,79634],{},"The main thing beginners need to know is this:",[30,79636,79637,79644,79650],{},[33,79638,79639,13699,79641,79643],{},[17,79640,39379],{},[22,79642,4457],{}," return a list in Python 3",[33,79645,79646,79647],{},"it returns a ",[22,79648,79649],{},"map object",[33,79651,79652,79653],{},"you often convert that result with ",[17,79654,24433],{},[141,79656,1870],{"id":1869},[60,79658,79660],{"className":62,"code":79659,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[17,79661,79662,79686,79705],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,79663,79664,79666,79668,79670,79672,79674,79676,79678,79680,79682,79684],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,79665,801],{"class":75},[69,79667,80],{"class":79},[69,79669,84],{"class":83},[69,79671,473],{"class":87},[69,79673,91],{"class":83},[69,79675,316],{"class":87},[69,79677,91],{"class":83},[69,79679,516],{"class":87},[69,79681,91],{"class":83},[69,79683,2323],{"class":87},[69,79685,103],{"class":83},[69,79687,79688,79690,79692,79695,79697,79699,79701,79703],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,79689,839],{"class":75},[69,79691,80],{"class":79},[69,79693,79694],{"class":109}," map",[69,79696,113],{"class":83},[69,79698,3309],{"class":1126},[69,79700,91],{"class":83},[69,79702,865],{"class":121},[69,79704,221],{"class":83},[69,79706,79707,79709,79711,79713,79715,79717],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,79708,110],{"class":109},[69,79710,113],{"class":83},[69,79712,7725],{"class":1126},[69,79714,113],{"class":83},[69,79716,876],{"class":121},[69,79718,342],{"class":83},[14,79720,643],{},[60,79722,79724],{"className":62,"code":79723,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['1', '2', '3', '4']\n",[17,79725,79726],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,79727,79728,79730,79732,79734,79736,79738,79740,79742,79744,79746,79748,79750,79752,79754,79756,79758,79760],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,79729,3739],{"class":83},[69,79731,488],{"class":94},[69,79733,473],{"class":336},[69,79735,488],{"class":94},[69,79737,91],{"class":83},[69,79739,3161],{"class":94},[69,79741,821],{"class":336},[69,79743,488],{"class":94},[69,79745,91],{"class":83},[69,79747,3161],{"class":94},[69,79749,1929],{"class":336},[69,79751,488],{"class":94},[69,79753,91],{"class":83},[69,79755,3161],{"class":94},[69,79757,808],{"class":336},[69,79759,488],{"class":94},[69,79761,103],{"class":83},[14,79763,132,79764,79767,79768,79770],{},[17,79765,79766],{},"map(function, iterable)"," to apply the same function to each item. Convert the result to ",[17,79769,24433],{}," if you want to see all mapped values at once.",[141,79772,3540,79774,3543],{"id":79773},"what-map-does",[17,79775,39379],{},[14,79777,79778,79780],{},[17,79779,39379],{}," applies a function to each item in an iterable.",[14,79782,79783,79784,79786],{},"An ",[22,79785,218],{}," is something you can loop over, such as:",[30,79788,79789,79791,79793,79795],{},[33,79790,37563],{},[33,79792,37566],{},[33,79794,37569],{},[33,79796,79797],{},"a range object",[14,79799,30380],{},[60,79801,79803],{"className":62,"code":79802,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"map(function, iterable)\n",[17,79804,79805],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,79806,79807,79809,79811,79813,79815,79817],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,79808,39522],{"class":109},[69,79810,113],{"class":83},[69,79812,37522],{"class":121},[69,79814,91],{"class":83},[69,79816,37527],{"class":121},[69,79818,221],{"class":83},[14,79820,79821],{},"For each item in the iterable, Python calls the function and produces a new value.",[14,79823,79824,79825,33398],{},"Important: the result is a ",[22,79826,79649],{},[14,79828,79829,79830,25],{},"If you want to understand iterables better, see ",[192,79831,375],{"href":4963},[141,79833,2024],{"id":2023},[14,79835,79836,79838],{},[17,79837,39379],{}," needs at least two parts:",[30,79840,79841,79847],{},[33,79842,79843,79846],{},[22,79844,79845],{},"Function",": the function to run on each item",[33,79848,79849,79852],{},[22,79850,79851],{},"Iterable",": the values to process",[14,79854,3569],{},[60,79856,79857],{"className":62,"code":79802,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,79858,79859],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,79860,79861,79863,79865,79867,79869,79871],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,79862,39522],{"class":109},[69,79864,113],{"class":83},[69,79866,37522],{"class":121},[69,79868,91],{"class":83},[69,79870,37527],{"class":121},[69,79872,221],{"class":83},[14,79874,79875],{},"You can pass:",[30,79877,79878,79887,79890],{},[33,79879,79880,79881,2057,79883,2061,79885],{},"built-in functions like ",[17,79882,3309],{},[17,79884,2056],{},[17,79886,1884],{},[33,79888,79889],{},"your own custom function",[33,79891,79892],{},"a lambda function for short one-line logic",[14,79894,79895],{},"If you are new to lambda functions, see lambda functions in Python explained.",[14,79897,79898,79899,79901],{},"You will often see ",[17,79900,39379],{}," used like this:",[60,79903,79905],{"className":62,"code":79904,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"list(map(function, values))\n",[17,79906,79907],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,79908,79909,79911,79913,79915,79917,79919,79921,79923],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,79910,7725],{"class":1126},[69,79912,113],{"class":83},[69,79914,39522],{"class":109},[69,79916,113],{"class":83},[69,79918,37522],{"class":121},[69,79920,91],{"class":83},[69,79922,3724],{"class":121},[69,79924,342],{"class":83},[14,79926,1527,79927,79929],{},[17,79928,24433],{}," turns the map object into a normal list you can print or reuse.",[141,79931,11116],{"id":11115},[14,79933,79934],{},"Here is a simple example that converts numbers to strings:",[60,79936,79938],{"className":62,"code":79937,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[17,79939,79940,79960,79978,79982],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,79941,79942,79944,79946,79948,79950,79952,79954,79956,79958],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,79943,801],{"class":75},[69,79945,80],{"class":79},[69,79947,84],{"class":83},[69,79949,2197],{"class":87},[69,79951,91],{"class":83},[69,79953,7420],{"class":87},[69,79955,91],{"class":83},[69,79957,7425],{"class":87},[69,79959,103],{"class":83},[69,79961,79962,79964,79966,79968,79970,79972,79974,79976],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,79963,839],{"class":75},[69,79965,80],{"class":79},[69,79967,79694],{"class":109},[69,79969,113],{"class":83},[69,79971,3309],{"class":1126},[69,79973,91],{"class":83},[69,79975,865],{"class":121},[69,79977,221],{"class":83},[69,79979,79980],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,79981,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,79983,79984,79986,79988,79990,79992,79994],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,79985,110],{"class":109},[69,79987,113],{"class":83},[69,79989,7725],{"class":1126},[69,79991,113],{"class":83},[69,79993,876],{"class":121},[69,79995,342],{"class":83},[14,79997,643],{},[60,79999,80001],{"className":62,"code":80000,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['10', '20', '30']\n",[17,80002,80003],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,80004,80005,80007,80009,80011,80013,80015,80017,80019,80021,80023,80025,80027,80029],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,80006,3739],{"class":83},[69,80008,488],{"class":94},[69,80010,2197],{"class":336},[69,80012,488],{"class":94},[69,80014,91],{"class":83},[69,80016,3161],{"class":94},[69,80018,15401],{"class":336},[69,80020,488],{"class":94},[69,80022,91],{"class":83},[69,80024,3161],{"class":94},[69,80026,36502],{"class":336},[69,80028,488],{"class":94},[69,80030,103],{"class":83},[14,80032,11325],{},[30,80034,80035,80040,80048,80056,80064],{},[33,80036,80037,80039],{},[17,80038,3512],{}," contains integers",[33,80041,80042,80045,80046],{},[17,80043,80044],{},"map(str, numbers)"," passes each number to ",[17,80047,47350],{},[33,80049,80050,41819,80053],{},[17,80051,80052],{},"str(10)",[17,80054,80055],{},"'10'",[33,80057,80058,41819,80061],{},[17,80059,80060],{},"str(20)",[17,80062,80063],{},"'20'",[33,80065,80066,41819,80069],{},[17,80067,80068],{},"str(30)",[17,80070,80071],{},"'30'",[14,80073,53322,80074,80076,80077,80079],{},[17,80075,39379],{}," applies ",[17,80078,47350],{}," one item at a time.",[14,80081,80082,80083,80085,80086,25],{},"If you want to understand ",[17,80084,24433],{}," better, see ",[192,80087,3441,80088,1780],{"href":64519},[17,80089,24433],{},[141,80091,8050,80093,80095],{"id":80092},"using-map-with-your-own-function",[17,80094,39379],{}," with your own function",[14,80097,15361,80098,80100],{},[17,80099,39379],{}," with a function you define yourself.",[60,80102,80104],{"className":62,"code":80103,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"def double(x):\n    return x * 2\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(double, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[17,80105,80106,80119,80129,80133,80157,80176,80180],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,80107,80108,80110,80113,80115,80117],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,80109,34509],{"class":1932},[69,80111,80112],{"class":34512}," double",[69,80114,113],{"class":83},[69,80116,2041],{"class":37324},[69,80118,7974],{"class":83},[69,80120,80121,80123,80125,80127],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,80122,34520],{"class":773},[69,80124,860],{"class":75},[69,80126,39535],{"class":79},[69,80128,45255],{"class":87},[69,80130,80131],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,80132,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,80134,80135,80137,80139,80141,80143,80145,80147,80149,80151,80153,80155],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,80136,801],{"class":75},[69,80138,80],{"class":79},[69,80140,84],{"class":83},[69,80142,473],{"class":87},[69,80144,91],{"class":83},[69,80146,316],{"class":87},[69,80148,91],{"class":83},[69,80150,516],{"class":87},[69,80152,91],{"class":83},[69,80154,2323],{"class":87},[69,80156,103],{"class":83},[69,80158,80159,80161,80163,80165,80167,80170,80172,80174],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,80160,839],{"class":75},[69,80162,80],{"class":79},[69,80164,79694],{"class":109},[69,80166,113],{"class":83},[69,80168,80169],{"class":121},"double",[69,80171,91],{"class":83},[69,80173,865],{"class":121},[69,80175,221],{"class":83},[69,80177,80178],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,80179,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,80181,80182,80184,80186,80188,80190,80192],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,80183,110],{"class":109},[69,80185,113],{"class":83},[69,80187,7725],{"class":1126},[69,80189,113],{"class":83},[69,80191,876],{"class":121},[69,80193,342],{"class":83},[14,80195,643],{},[60,80197,80198],{"className":62,"code":39548,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,80199,80200],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,80201,80202,80204,80206,80208,80210,80212,80214,80216,80218],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,80203,3739],{"class":83},[69,80205,821],{"class":87},[69,80207,91],{"class":83},[69,80209,2323],{"class":87},[69,80211,91],{"class":83},[69,80213,37305],{"class":87},[69,80215,91],{"class":83},[69,80217,1200],{"class":87},[69,80219,103],{"class":83},[14,80221,65256],{},[30,80223,80224,80231,80237],{},[33,80225,80226,80228,80229],{},[17,80227,39379],{}," takes the function ",[17,80230,80169],{},[33,80232,80233,80234,80236],{},"it sends each item from ",[17,80235,3512],{}," into that function",[33,80238,80239],{},"the returned values become the mapped result",[14,80241,80242],{},"In other words, Python does this behind the scenes:",[30,80244,80245,80252,80259,80267],{},[33,80246,80247,903,80250],{},[17,80248,80249],{},"double(1)",[17,80251,821],{},[33,80253,80254,903,80257],{},[17,80255,80256],{},"double(2)",[17,80258,808],{},[33,80260,80261,903,80264],{},[17,80262,80263],{},"double(3)",[17,80265,80266],{},"6",[33,80268,80269,903,80272],{},[17,80270,80271],{},"double(4)",[17,80273,2212],{},[141,80275,8050,80277,80279],{"id":80276},"using-map-with-multiple-iterables",[17,80278,39379],{}," with multiple iterables",[14,80281,80282,80284],{},[17,80283,39379],{}," can also work with more than one iterable.",[14,80286,80287],{},"When you do that, the function must accept the same number of arguments.",[14,80289,2076],{},[60,80291,80293],{"className":62,"code":80292,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[17,80294,80295,80312,80322,80326,80347,80368,80372,80397,80401],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,80296,80297,80299,80302,80304,80306,80308,80310],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,80298,34509],{"class":1932},[69,80300,80301],{"class":34512}," add_numbers",[69,80303,113],{"class":83},[69,80305,192],{"class":37324},[69,80307,91],{"class":83},[69,80309,2426],{"class":37324},[69,80311,7974],{"class":83},[69,80313,80314,80316,80318,80320],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,80315,34520],{"class":773},[69,80317,44210],{"class":75},[69,80319,1926],{"class":79},[69,80321,35842],{"class":75},[69,80323,80324],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,80325,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,80327,80328,80331,80333,80335,80337,80339,80341,80343,80345],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,80329,80330],{"class":75},"list1 ",[69,80332,80],{"class":79},[69,80334,84],{"class":83},[69,80336,473],{"class":87},[69,80338,91],{"class":83},[69,80340,316],{"class":87},[69,80342,91],{"class":83},[69,80344,516],{"class":87},[69,80346,103],{"class":83},[69,80348,80349,80352,80354,80356,80358,80360,80362,80364,80366],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,80350,80351],{"class":75},"list2 ",[69,80353,80],{"class":79},[69,80355,84],{"class":83},[69,80357,2197],{"class":87},[69,80359,91],{"class":83},[69,80361,7420],{"class":87},[69,80363,91],{"class":83},[69,80365,7425],{"class":87},[69,80367,103],{"class":83},[69,80369,80370],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,80371,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,80373,80374,80376,80378,80380,80382,80385,80387,80390,80392,80395],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,80375,839],{"class":75},[69,80377,80],{"class":79},[69,80379,79694],{"class":109},[69,80381,113],{"class":83},[69,80383,80384],{"class":121},"add_numbers",[69,80386,91],{"class":83},[69,80388,80389],{"class":121}," list1",[69,80391,91],{"class":83},[69,80393,80394],{"class":121}," list2",[69,80396,221],{"class":83},[69,80398,80399],{"class":71,"line":1269},[69,80400,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,80402,80403,80405,80407,80409,80411,80413],{"class":71,"line":1275},[69,80404,110],{"class":109},[69,80406,113],{"class":83},[69,80408,7725],{"class":1126},[69,80410,113],{"class":83},[69,80412,876],{"class":121},[69,80414,342],{"class":83},[14,80416,643],{},[60,80418,80420],{"className":62,"code":80419,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[11, 22, 33]\n",[17,80421,80422],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,80423,80424,80426,80429,80431,80434,80436,80439],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,80425,3739],{"class":83},[69,80427,80428],{"class":87},"11",[69,80430,91],{"class":83},[69,80432,80433],{"class":87}," 22",[69,80435,91],{"class":83},[69,80437,80438],{"class":87}," 33",[69,80440,103],{"class":83},[14,80442,2046],{},[30,80444,80445,80451,80457],{},[33,80446,80447,80448],{},"the first values are used together: ",[17,80449,80450],{},"add_numbers(1, 10)",[33,80452,80453,80454],{},"then ",[17,80455,80456],{},"add_numbers(2, 20)",[33,80458,80453,80459],{},[17,80460,80461],{},"add_numbers(3, 30)",[1369,80463,80465,80467],{"id":80464},"map-stops-at-the-shortest-iterable",[17,80466,39379],{}," stops at the shortest iterable",[14,80469,80470,80471,80473],{},"If the iterables have different lengths, ",[17,80472,39379],{}," stops when the shortest one ends.",[60,80475,80477],{"className":62,"code":80476,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nlist2 = [10, 20]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[17,80478,80479,80495,80505,80509,80533,80549,80553,80575,80579],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,80480,80481,80483,80485,80487,80489,80491,80493],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,80482,34509],{"class":1932},[69,80484,80301],{"class":34512},[69,80486,113],{"class":83},[69,80488,192],{"class":37324},[69,80490,91],{"class":83},[69,80492,2426],{"class":37324},[69,80494,7974],{"class":83},[69,80496,80497,80499,80501,80503],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,80498,34520],{"class":773},[69,80500,44210],{"class":75},[69,80502,1926],{"class":79},[69,80504,35842],{"class":75},[69,80506,80507],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,80508,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,80510,80511,80513,80515,80517,80519,80521,80523,80525,80527,80529,80531],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,80512,80330],{"class":75},[69,80514,80],{"class":79},[69,80516,84],{"class":83},[69,80518,473],{"class":87},[69,80520,91],{"class":83},[69,80522,316],{"class":87},[69,80524,91],{"class":83},[69,80526,516],{"class":87},[69,80528,91],{"class":83},[69,80530,2323],{"class":87},[69,80532,103],{"class":83},[69,80534,80535,80537,80539,80541,80543,80545,80547],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,80536,80351],{"class":75},[69,80538,80],{"class":79},[69,80540,84],{"class":83},[69,80542,2197],{"class":87},[69,80544,91],{"class":83},[69,80546,7420],{"class":87},[69,80548,103],{"class":83},[69,80550,80551],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,80552,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,80554,80555,80557,80559,80561,80563,80565,80567,80569,80571,80573],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,80556,839],{"class":75},[69,80558,80],{"class":79},[69,80560,79694],{"class":109},[69,80562,113],{"class":83},[69,80564,80384],{"class":121},[69,80566,91],{"class":83},[69,80568,80389],{"class":121},[69,80570,91],{"class":83},[69,80572,80394],{"class":121},[69,80574,221],{"class":83},[69,80576,80577],{"class":71,"line":1269},[69,80578,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,80580,80581,80583,80585,80587,80589,80591],{"class":71,"line":1275},[69,80582,110],{"class":109},[69,80584,113],{"class":83},[69,80586,7725],{"class":1126},[69,80588,113],{"class":83},[69,80590,876],{"class":121},[69,80592,342],{"class":83},[14,80594,643],{},[60,80596,80598],{"className":62,"code":80597,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[11, 22]\n",[17,80599,80600],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,80601,80602,80604,80606,80608,80610],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,80603,3739],{"class":83},[69,80605,80428],{"class":87},[69,80607,91],{"class":83},[69,80609,80433],{"class":87},[69,80611,103],{"class":83},[14,80613,80614,80615,80618],{},"Only two results are produced because ",[17,80616,80617],{},"list2"," has only two items.",[141,80620,80622,80624],{"id":80621},"map-returns-an-iterator-like-object",[17,80623,39379],{}," returns an iterator-like object",[14,80626,37685,80627,80629],{},[17,80628,39379],{}," returns a map object.",[14,80631,80632,80633,80636],{},"This object is ",[22,80634,80635],{},"lazy",", which means values are produced only when needed.",[1369,80638,2355,80640,80642],{"id":80639},"why-printresult-looks-strange",[17,80641,32683],{}," looks strange",[14,80644,33299],{},[60,80646,80648],{"className":62,"code":80647,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,80649,80650,80670,80688,80692],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,80651,80652,80654,80656,80658,80660,80662,80664,80666,80668],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,80653,801],{"class":75},[69,80655,80],{"class":79},[69,80657,84],{"class":83},[69,80659,473],{"class":87},[69,80661,91],{"class":83},[69,80663,316],{"class":87},[69,80665,91],{"class":83},[69,80667,516],{"class":87},[69,80669,103],{"class":83},[69,80671,80672,80674,80676,80678,80680,80682,80684,80686],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,80673,839],{"class":75},[69,80675,80],{"class":79},[69,80677,79694],{"class":109},[69,80679,113],{"class":83},[69,80681,3309],{"class":1126},[69,80683,91],{"class":83},[69,80685,865],{"class":121},[69,80687,221],{"class":83},[69,80689,80690],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,80691,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,80693,80694,80696,80698,80700],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,80695,110],{"class":109},[69,80697,113],{"class":83},[69,80699,876],{"class":121},[69,80701,221],{"class":83},[14,80703,80704],{},"Output will look something like this:",[60,80706,80708],{"className":62,"code":80707,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"\u003Cmap object at 0x...>\n",[17,80709,80710],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,80711,80712,80714,80716,80718,80720,80722,80724],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,80713,852],{"class":79},[69,80715,39522],{"class":109},[69,80717,24269],{"class":1126},[69,80719,37025],{"class":75},[69,80721,37029],{"class":37028},[69,80723,37032],{"class":34110},[69,80725,3168],{"class":79},[14,80727,80728],{},"That happens because you are printing the map object itself, not the values inside it.",[14,80730,80731],{},"To see the mapped values, convert it to a list or loop over it:",[60,80733,80735],{"className":62,"code":80734,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[17,80736,80737,80757,80775,80779],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,80738,80739,80741,80743,80745,80747,80749,80751,80753,80755],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,80740,801],{"class":75},[69,80742,80],{"class":79},[69,80744,84],{"class":83},[69,80746,473],{"class":87},[69,80748,91],{"class":83},[69,80750,316],{"class":87},[69,80752,91],{"class":83},[69,80754,516],{"class":87},[69,80756,103],{"class":83},[69,80758,80759,80761,80763,80765,80767,80769,80771,80773],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,80760,839],{"class":75},[69,80762,80],{"class":79},[69,80764,79694],{"class":109},[69,80766,113],{"class":83},[69,80768,3309],{"class":1126},[69,80770,91],{"class":83},[69,80772,865],{"class":121},[69,80774,221],{"class":83},[69,80776,80777],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,80778,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,80780,80781,80783,80785,80787,80789,80791],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,80782,110],{"class":109},[69,80784,113],{"class":83},[69,80786,7725],{"class":1126},[69,80788,113],{"class":83},[69,80790,876],{"class":121},[69,80792,342],{"class":83},[14,80794,643],{},[60,80796,80798],{"className":62,"code":80797,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['1', '2', '3']\n",[17,80799,80800],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,80801,80802,80804,80806,80808,80810,80812,80814,80816,80818,80820,80822,80824,80826],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,80803,3739],{"class":83},[69,80805,488],{"class":94},[69,80807,473],{"class":336},[69,80809,488],{"class":94},[69,80811,91],{"class":83},[69,80813,3161],{"class":94},[69,80815,821],{"class":336},[69,80817,488],{"class":94},[69,80819,91],{"class":83},[69,80821,3161],{"class":94},[69,80823,1929],{"class":336},[69,80825,488],{"class":94},[69,80827,103],{"class":83},[1369,80829,80831],{"id":80830},"you-can-loop-over-a-map-object-directly","You can loop over a map object directly",[60,80833,80835],{"className":62,"code":80834,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[17,80836,80837,80857,80875,80879,80892],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,80838,80839,80841,80843,80845,80847,80849,80851,80853,80855],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,80840,801],{"class":75},[69,80842,80],{"class":79},[69,80844,84],{"class":83},[69,80846,473],{"class":87},[69,80848,91],{"class":83},[69,80850,316],{"class":87},[69,80852,91],{"class":83},[69,80854,516],{"class":87},[69,80856,103],{"class":83},[69,80858,80859,80861,80863,80865,80867,80869,80871,80873],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,80860,839],{"class":75},[69,80862,80],{"class":79},[69,80864,79694],{"class":109},[69,80866,113],{"class":83},[69,80868,3309],{"class":1126},[69,80870,91],{"class":83},[69,80872,865],{"class":121},[69,80874,221],{"class":83},[69,80876,80877],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,80878,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,80880,80881,80883,80885,80887,80890],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,80882,774],{"class":773},[69,80884,777],{"class":75},[69,80886,780],{"class":773},[69,80888,80889],{"class":75}," result",[69,80891,1235],{"class":83},[69,80893,80894,80896,80898,80900],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,80895,7700],{"class":109},[69,80897,113],{"class":83},[69,80899,22962],{"class":121},[69,80901,221],{"class":83},[14,80903,643],{},[60,80905,80907],{"className":62,"code":80906,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"1\n2\n3\n",[17,80908,80909,80913,80917],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,80910,80911],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,80912,46583],{"class":87},[69,80914,80915],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,80916,16704],{"class":87},[69,80918,80919],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,80920,46283],{"class":87},[1369,80922,80924],{"id":80923},"a-map-object-is-exhausted-after-use","A map object is exhausted after use",[14,80926,80927],{},"Once you consume a map object, it is empty the next time.",[60,80929,80931],{"className":62,"code":80930,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[17,80932,80933,80953,80971,80975,80989],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,80934,80935,80937,80939,80941,80943,80945,80947,80949,80951],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,80936,801],{"class":75},[69,80938,80],{"class":79},[69,80940,84],{"class":83},[69,80942,473],{"class":87},[69,80944,91],{"class":83},[69,80946,316],{"class":87},[69,80948,91],{"class":83},[69,80950,516],{"class":87},[69,80952,103],{"class":83},[69,80954,80955,80957,80959,80961,80963,80965,80967,80969],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,80956,839],{"class":75},[69,80958,80],{"class":79},[69,80960,79694],{"class":109},[69,80962,113],{"class":83},[69,80964,3309],{"class":1126},[69,80966,91],{"class":83},[69,80968,865],{"class":121},[69,80970,221],{"class":83},[69,80972,80973],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,80974,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,80976,80977,80979,80981,80983,80985,80987],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,80978,110],{"class":109},[69,80980,113],{"class":83},[69,80982,7725],{"class":1126},[69,80984,113],{"class":83},[69,80986,876],{"class":121},[69,80988,342],{"class":83},[69,80990,80991,80993,80995,80997,80999,81001],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,80992,110],{"class":109},[69,80994,113],{"class":83},[69,80996,7725],{"class":1126},[69,80998,113],{"class":83},[69,81000,876],{"class":121},[69,81002,342],{"class":83},[14,81004,643],{},[60,81006,81008],{"className":62,"code":81007,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['1', '2', '3']\n[]\n",[17,81009,81010,81038],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,81011,81012,81014,81016,81018,81020,81022,81024,81026,81028,81030,81032,81034,81036],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,81013,3739],{"class":83},[69,81015,488],{"class":94},[69,81017,473],{"class":336},[69,81019,488],{"class":94},[69,81021,91],{"class":83},[69,81023,3161],{"class":94},[69,81025,821],{"class":336},[69,81027,488],{"class":94},[69,81029,91],{"class":83},[69,81031,3161],{"class":94},[69,81033,1929],{"class":336},[69,81035,488],{"class":94},[69,81037,103],{"class":83},[69,81039,81040],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,81041,37959],{"class":83},[14,81043,81044],{},"The second list is empty because the map object was already used.",[14,81046,81047],{},"If you need the values more than once, store them in a list:",[60,81049,81051],{"className":62,"code":81050,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[17,81052,81053,81073,81095,81099,81109],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,81054,81055,81057,81059,81061,81063,81065,81067,81069,81071],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,81056,801],{"class":75},[69,81058,80],{"class":79},[69,81060,84],{"class":83},[69,81062,473],{"class":87},[69,81064,91],{"class":83},[69,81066,316],{"class":87},[69,81068,91],{"class":83},[69,81070,516],{"class":87},[69,81072,103],{"class":83},[69,81074,81075,81077,81079,81081,81083,81085,81087,81089,81091,81093],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,81076,839],{"class":75},[69,81078,80],{"class":79},[69,81080,22211],{"class":1126},[69,81082,113],{"class":83},[69,81084,39522],{"class":109},[69,81086,113],{"class":83},[69,81088,3309],{"class":1126},[69,81090,91],{"class":83},[69,81092,865],{"class":121},[69,81094,342],{"class":83},[69,81096,81097],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,81098,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,81100,81101,81103,81105,81107],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,81102,110],{"class":109},[69,81104,113],{"class":83},[69,81106,876],{"class":121},[69,81108,221],{"class":83},[69,81110,81111,81113,81115,81117],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,81112,110],{"class":109},[69,81114,113],{"class":83},[69,81116,876],{"class":121},[69,81118,221],{"class":83},[14,81120,643],{},[60,81122,81124],{"className":62,"code":81123,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['1', '2', '3']\n['1', '2', '3']\n",[17,81125,81126,81154],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,81127,81128,81130,81132,81134,81136,81138,81140,81142,81144,81146,81148,81150,81152],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,81129,3739],{"class":83},[69,81131,488],{"class":94},[69,81133,473],{"class":336},[69,81135,488],{"class":94},[69,81137,91],{"class":83},[69,81139,3161],{"class":94},[69,81141,821],{"class":336},[69,81143,488],{"class":94},[69,81145,91],{"class":83},[69,81147,3161],{"class":94},[69,81149,1929],{"class":336},[69,81151,488],{"class":94},[69,81153,103],{"class":83},[69,81155,81156,81158,81160,81162,81164,81166,81168,81170,81172,81174,81176,81178,81180],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,81157,3739],{"class":83},[69,81159,488],{"class":94},[69,81161,473],{"class":336},[69,81163,488],{"class":94},[69,81165,91],{"class":83},[69,81167,3161],{"class":94},[69,81169,821],{"class":336},[69,81171,488],{"class":94},[69,81173,91],{"class":83},[69,81175,3161],{"class":94},[69,81177,1929],{"class":336},[69,81179,488],{"class":94},[69,81181,103],{"class":83},[141,81183,4788,81185],{"id":81184},"when-to-use-map",[17,81186,39379],{},[14,81188,81189,81191],{},[17,81190,39379],{}," is a good choice when you want to apply one function to every item.",[14,81193,81194],{},"It works especially well with simple built-in functions such as:",[30,81196,81197,81201,81205],{},[33,81198,81199],{},[17,81200,3309],{},[33,81202,81203],{},[17,81204,2056],{},[33,81206,81207],{},[17,81208,1884],{},[14,81210,2076],{},[60,81212,81214],{"className":62,"code":81213,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"values = ['1', '2', '3']\nnumbers = list(map(int, values))\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,81215,81216,81248,81270,81274],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,81217,81218,81220,81222,81224,81226,81228,81230,81232,81234,81236,81238,81240,81242,81244,81246],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,81219,76],{"class":75},[69,81221,80],{"class":79},[69,81223,84],{"class":83},[69,81225,488],{"class":94},[69,81227,473],{"class":336},[69,81229,488],{"class":94},[69,81231,91],{"class":83},[69,81233,3161],{"class":94},[69,81235,821],{"class":336},[69,81237,488],{"class":94},[69,81239,91],{"class":83},[69,81241,3161],{"class":94},[69,81243,1929],{"class":336},[69,81245,488],{"class":94},[69,81247,103],{"class":83},[69,81249,81250,81252,81254,81256,81258,81260,81262,81264,81266,81268],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,81251,801],{"class":75},[69,81253,80],{"class":79},[69,81255,22211],{"class":1126},[69,81257,113],{"class":83},[69,81259,39522],{"class":109},[69,81261,113],{"class":83},[69,81263,2056],{"class":1126},[69,81265,91],{"class":83},[69,81267,3724],{"class":121},[69,81269,342],{"class":83},[69,81271,81272],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,81273,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,81275,81276,81278,81280,81282],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,81277,110],{"class":109},[69,81279,113],{"class":83},[69,81281,3512],{"class":121},[69,81283,221],{"class":83},[14,81285,643],{},[60,81287,81288],{"className":62,"code":54819,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,81289,81290],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,81291,81292,81294,81296,81298,81300,81302,81304],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,81293,3739],{"class":83},[69,81295,473],{"class":87},[69,81297,91],{"class":83},[69,81299,316],{"class":87},[69,81301,91],{"class":83},[69,81303,516],{"class":87},[69,81305,103],{"class":83},[14,81307,81308],{},"For beginners, a list comprehension is often easier to read.",[14,81310,81311],{},"For example, these do similar work:",[60,81313,81315],{"className":62,"code":81314,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[17,81316,81317,81337,81359],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,81318,81319,81321,81323,81325,81327,81329,81331,81333,81335],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,81320,801],{"class":75},[69,81322,80],{"class":79},[69,81324,84],{"class":83},[69,81326,473],{"class":87},[69,81328,91],{"class":83},[69,81330,316],{"class":87},[69,81332,91],{"class":83},[69,81334,516],{"class":87},[69,81336,103],{"class":83},[69,81338,81339,81341,81343,81345,81347,81349,81351,81353,81355,81357],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,81340,839],{"class":75},[69,81342,80],{"class":79},[69,81344,22211],{"class":1126},[69,81346,113],{"class":83},[69,81348,39522],{"class":109},[69,81350,113],{"class":83},[69,81352,3309],{"class":1126},[69,81354,91],{"class":83},[69,81356,865],{"class":121},[69,81358,342],{"class":83},[69,81360,81361,81363,81365,81367],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,81362,110],{"class":109},[69,81364,113],{"class":83},[69,81366,876],{"class":121},[69,81368,221],{"class":83},[60,81370,81372],{"className":62,"code":81371,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = [str(n) for n in numbers]\nprint(result)\n",[17,81373,81374,81394,81421],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,81375,81376,81378,81380,81382,81384,81386,81388,81390,81392],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,81377,801],{"class":75},[69,81379,80],{"class":79},[69,81381,84],{"class":83},[69,81383,473],{"class":87},[69,81385,91],{"class":83},[69,81387,316],{"class":87},[69,81389,91],{"class":83},[69,81391,516],{"class":87},[69,81393,103],{"class":83},[69,81395,81396,81398,81400,81402,81404,81406,81408,81410,81412,81415,81417,81419],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,81397,839],{"class":75},[69,81399,80],{"class":79},[69,81401,84],{"class":83},[69,81403,3309],{"class":1126},[69,81405,113],{"class":83},[69,81407,75702],{"class":121},[69,81409,3525],{"class":83},[69,81411,857],{"class":773},[69,81413,81414],{"class":75}," n ",[69,81416,780],{"class":773},[69,81418,865],{"class":75},[69,81420,103],{"class":83},[69,81422,81423,81425,81427,81429],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,81424,110],{"class":109},[69,81426,113],{"class":83},[69,81428,876],{"class":121},[69,81430,221],{"class":83},[14,81432,81433],{},"Both produce:",[60,81435,81436],{"className":62,"code":80797,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,81437,81438],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,81439,81440,81442,81444,81446,81448,81450,81452,81454,81456,81458,81460,81462,81464],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,81441,3739],{"class":83},[69,81443,488],{"class":94},[69,81445,473],{"class":336},[69,81447,488],{"class":94},[69,81449,91],{"class":83},[69,81451,3161],{"class":94},[69,81453,821],{"class":336},[69,81455,488],{"class":94},[69,81457,91],{"class":83},[69,81459,3161],{"class":94},[69,81461,1929],{"class":336},[69,81463,488],{"class":94},[69,81465,103],{"class":83},[14,81467,81468],{},"A simple rule:",[30,81470,81471,81476,81481],{},[33,81472,39653,81473,81475],{},[17,81474,39379],{}," when applying a clear function to every item",[33,81477,39659,81478,81480],{},[17,81479,774],{}," loop when you need more steps or more explanation",[33,81482,81483],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a compact and readable transformation",[14,81485,81486,81487,25],{},"If you want more practice with that style, see ",[192,81488,4225],{"href":4224},[141,81490,1362],{"id":1361},[1369,81492,81494,81495],{"id":81493},"_1-forgetting-to-convert-the-result-to-list","1. Forgetting to convert the result to ",[17,81496,24433],{},[14,81498,81499],{},"This is very common:",[60,81501,81502],{"className":62,"code":80647,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,81503,81504,81524,81542,81546],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,81505,81506,81508,81510,81512,81514,81516,81518,81520,81522],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,81507,801],{"class":75},[69,81509,80],{"class":79},[69,81511,84],{"class":83},[69,81513,473],{"class":87},[69,81515,91],{"class":83},[69,81517,316],{"class":87},[69,81519,91],{"class":83},[69,81521,516],{"class":87},[69,81523,103],{"class":83},[69,81525,81526,81528,81530,81532,81534,81536,81538,81540],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,81527,839],{"class":75},[69,81529,80],{"class":79},[69,81531,79694],{"class":109},[69,81533,113],{"class":83},[69,81535,3309],{"class":1126},[69,81537,91],{"class":83},[69,81539,865],{"class":121},[69,81541,221],{"class":83},[69,81543,81544],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,81545,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,81547,81548,81550,81552,81554],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,81549,110],{"class":109},[69,81551,113],{"class":83},[69,81553,876],{"class":121},[69,81555,221],{"class":83},[14,81557,81558],{},"This prints the map object, not the values.",[14,81560,38924],{},[60,81562,81564],{"className":62,"code":81563,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(list(result))\n",[17,81565,81566],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,81567,81568,81570,81572,81574,81576,81578],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,81569,110],{"class":109},[69,81571,113],{"class":83},[69,81573,7725],{"class":1126},[69,81575,113],{"class":83},[69,81577,876],{"class":121},[69,81579,342],{"class":83},[1369,81581,81583],{"id":81582},"_2-calling-the-function-instead-of-passing-it","2. Calling the function instead of passing it",[14,81585,16291],{},[60,81587,81589],{"className":62,"code":81588,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str(), numbers)\n",[17,81590,81591,81611],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,81592,81593,81595,81597,81599,81601,81603,81605,81607,81609],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,81594,801],{"class":75},[69,81596,80],{"class":79},[69,81598,84],{"class":83},[69,81600,473],{"class":87},[69,81602,91],{"class":83},[69,81604,316],{"class":87},[69,81606,91],{"class":83},[69,81608,516],{"class":87},[69,81610,103],{"class":83},[69,81612,81613,81615,81617,81619,81621,81623,81626,81628],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,81614,839],{"class":75},[69,81616,80],{"class":79},[69,81618,79694],{"class":109},[69,81620,113],{"class":83},[69,81622,3309],{"class":1126},[69,81624,81625],{"class":83},"(),",[69,81627,865],{"class":121},[69,81629,221],{"class":83},[14,81631,81632,81633,81635,81636,81638],{},"This is wrong because ",[17,81634,47350],{}," is being called immediately. ",[17,81637,39379],{}," needs the function itself, not the result of calling it.",[14,81640,16303],{},[60,81642,81643],{"className":62,"code":80734,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,81644,81645,81665,81683,81687],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,81646,81647,81649,81651,81653,81655,81657,81659,81661,81663],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,81648,801],{"class":75},[69,81650,80],{"class":79},[69,81652,84],{"class":83},[69,81654,473],{"class":87},[69,81656,91],{"class":83},[69,81658,316],{"class":87},[69,81660,91],{"class":83},[69,81662,516],{"class":87},[69,81664,103],{"class":83},[69,81666,81667,81669,81671,81673,81675,81677,81679,81681],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,81668,839],{"class":75},[69,81670,80],{"class":79},[69,81672,79694],{"class":109},[69,81674,113],{"class":83},[69,81676,3309],{"class":1126},[69,81678,91],{"class":83},[69,81680,865],{"class":121},[69,81682,221],{"class":83},[69,81684,81685],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,81686,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,81688,81689,81691,81693,81695,81697,81699],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,81690,110],{"class":109},[69,81692,113],{"class":83},[69,81694,7725],{"class":1126},[69,81696,113],{"class":83},[69,81698,876],{"class":121},[69,81700,342],{"class":83},[1369,81702,81704],{"id":81703},"_3-using-a-function-with-the-wrong-number-of-parameters","3. Using a function with the wrong number of parameters",[14,81706,81707],{},"If your function needs two arguments, but you pass only one iterable, it will fail.",[14,81709,16291],{},[60,81711,81713],{"className":62,"code":81712,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(add, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[17,81714,81715,81732,81742,81746,81766,81785,81789],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,81716,81717,81719,81722,81724,81726,81728,81730],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,81718,34509],{"class":1932},[69,81720,81721],{"class":34512}," add",[69,81723,113],{"class":83},[69,81725,192],{"class":37324},[69,81727,91],{"class":83},[69,81729,2426],{"class":37324},[69,81731,7974],{"class":83},[69,81733,81734,81736,81738,81740],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,81735,34520],{"class":773},[69,81737,44210],{"class":75},[69,81739,1926],{"class":79},[69,81741,35842],{"class":75},[69,81743,81744],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,81745,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,81747,81748,81750,81752,81754,81756,81758,81760,81762,81764],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,81749,801],{"class":75},[69,81751,80],{"class":79},[69,81753,84],{"class":83},[69,81755,473],{"class":87},[69,81757,91],{"class":83},[69,81759,316],{"class":87},[69,81761,91],{"class":83},[69,81763,516],{"class":87},[69,81765,103],{"class":83},[69,81767,81768,81770,81772,81774,81776,81779,81781,81783],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,81769,839],{"class":75},[69,81771,80],{"class":79},[69,81773,79694],{"class":109},[69,81775,113],{"class":83},[69,81777,81778],{"class":121},"add",[69,81780,91],{"class":83},[69,81782,865],{"class":121},[69,81784,221],{"class":83},[69,81786,81787],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,81788,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,81790,81791,81793,81795,81797,81799,81801],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,81792,110],{"class":109},[69,81794,113],{"class":83},[69,81796,7725],{"class":1126},[69,81798,113],{"class":83},[69,81800,876],{"class":121},[69,81802,342],{"class":83},[14,81804,16303],{},[60,81806,81808],{"className":62,"code":81807,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(add, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[17,81809,81810,81826,81836,81840,81860,81880,81902,81906],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,81811,81812,81814,81816,81818,81820,81822,81824],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,81813,34509],{"class":1932},[69,81815,81721],{"class":34512},[69,81817,113],{"class":83},[69,81819,192],{"class":37324},[69,81821,91],{"class":83},[69,81823,2426],{"class":37324},[69,81825,7974],{"class":83},[69,81827,81828,81830,81832,81834],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,81829,34520],{"class":773},[69,81831,44210],{"class":75},[69,81833,1926],{"class":79},[69,81835,35842],{"class":75},[69,81837,81838],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,81839,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,81841,81842,81844,81846,81848,81850,81852,81854,81856,81858],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,81843,80330],{"class":75},[69,81845,80],{"class":79},[69,81847,84],{"class":83},[69,81849,473],{"class":87},[69,81851,91],{"class":83},[69,81853,316],{"class":87},[69,81855,91],{"class":83},[69,81857,516],{"class":87},[69,81859,103],{"class":83},[69,81861,81862,81864,81866,81868,81870,81872,81874,81876,81878],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,81863,80351],{"class":75},[69,81865,80],{"class":79},[69,81867,84],{"class":83},[69,81869,2197],{"class":87},[69,81871,91],{"class":83},[69,81873,7420],{"class":87},[69,81875,91],{"class":83},[69,81877,7425],{"class":87},[69,81879,103],{"class":83},[69,81881,81882,81884,81886,81888,81890,81892,81894,81896,81898,81900],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,81883,839],{"class":75},[69,81885,80],{"class":79},[69,81887,79694],{"class":109},[69,81889,113],{"class":83},[69,81891,81778],{"class":121},[69,81893,91],{"class":83},[69,81895,80389],{"class":121},[69,81897,91],{"class":83},[69,81899,80394],{"class":121},[69,81901,221],{"class":83},[69,81903,81904],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,81905,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,81907,81908,81910,81912,81914,81916,81918],{"class":71,"line":1269},[69,81909,110],{"class":109},[69,81911,113],{"class":83},[69,81913,7725],{"class":1126},[69,81915,113],{"class":83},[69,81917,876],{"class":121},[69,81919,342],{"class":83},[1369,81921,81923],{"id":81922},"_4-reusing-the-same-map-object","4. Reusing the same map object",[14,81925,16291],{},[60,81927,81928],{"className":62,"code":80930,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,81929,81930,81950,81968,81972,81986],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,81931,81932,81934,81936,81938,81940,81942,81944,81946,81948],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,81933,801],{"class":75},[69,81935,80],{"class":79},[69,81937,84],{"class":83},[69,81939,473],{"class":87},[69,81941,91],{"class":83},[69,81943,316],{"class":87},[69,81945,91],{"class":83},[69,81947,516],{"class":87},[69,81949,103],{"class":83},[69,81951,81952,81954,81956,81958,81960,81962,81964,81966],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,81953,839],{"class":75},[69,81955,80],{"class":79},[69,81957,79694],{"class":109},[69,81959,113],{"class":83},[69,81961,3309],{"class":1126},[69,81963,91],{"class":83},[69,81965,865],{"class":121},[69,81967,221],{"class":83},[69,81969,81970],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,81971,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,81973,81974,81976,81978,81980,81982,81984],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,81975,110],{"class":109},[69,81977,113],{"class":83},[69,81979,7725],{"class":1126},[69,81981,113],{"class":83},[69,81983,876],{"class":121},[69,81985,342],{"class":83},[69,81987,81988,81990,81992,81994,81996,81998],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,81989,110],{"class":109},[69,81991,113],{"class":83},[69,81993,7725],{"class":1126},[69,81995,113],{"class":83},[69,81997,876],{"class":121},[69,81999,342],{"class":83},[14,82001,82002],{},"The second result is empty.",[14,82004,82005],{},"Fix: create a new map object, or convert once and save the list.",[141,82007,67567],{"id":67566},[14,82009,8510,82010,82012],{},[17,82011,39379],{}," is not doing what you expect, these quick checks can help:",[60,82014,82016],{"className":62,"code":82015,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(result)\nprint(list(result))\nprint(type(result))\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[17,82017,82018,82028,82042,82056,82068],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,82019,82020,82022,82024,82026],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,82021,110],{"class":109},[69,82023,113],{"class":83},[69,82025,876],{"class":121},[69,82027,221],{"class":83},[69,82029,82030,82032,82034,82036,82038,82040],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,82031,110],{"class":109},[69,82033,113],{"class":83},[69,82035,7725],{"class":1126},[69,82037,113],{"class":83},[69,82039,876],{"class":121},[69,82041,342],{"class":83},[69,82043,82044,82046,82048,82050,82052,82054],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,82045,110],{"class":109},[69,82047,113],{"class":83},[69,82049,3087],{"class":1126},[69,82051,113],{"class":83},[69,82053,876],{"class":121},[69,82055,342],{"class":83},[69,82057,82058,82060,82062,82064,82066],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,82059,774],{"class":773},[69,82061,777],{"class":75},[69,82063,780],{"class":773},[69,82065,80889],{"class":75},[69,82067,1235],{"class":83},[69,82069,82070,82072,82074,82076],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,82071,7700],{"class":109},[69,82073,113],{"class":83},[69,82075,22962],{"class":121},[69,82077,221],{"class":83},[14,82079,12315],{},[30,82081,82082,82087,82092,82098],{},[33,82083,82084,82086],{},[17,82085,32683],{}," shows that you have a map object",[33,82088,82089,82091],{},[17,82090,32691],{}," shows the actual mapped values",[33,82093,82094,82097],{},[17,82095,82096],{},"print(type(result))"," confirms the result type",[33,82099,82100,82101,82103],{},"looping over ",[17,82102,876],{}," lets you inspect items one by one",[14,82105,82106,82107,82110,82111,82113],{},"Be careful: ",[17,82108,82109],{},"list(result)"," and a ",[17,82112,774],{}," loop consume the map object.",[141,82115,1651],{"id":1650},[1369,82117,12347,82119,82121],{"id":82118},"does-map-return-a-list-in-python",[17,82120,39379],{}," return a list in Python?",[14,82123,82124,82125,82127,82128,23590],{},"No. In Python 3, ",[17,82126,39379],{}," returns a map object. Use ",[17,82129,82130],{},"list(map(...))",[1369,82132,14549,82134,82136,82137,82139],{"id":82133},"is-map-better-than-a-for-loop",[17,82135,39379],{}," better than a ",[17,82138,774],{}," loop?",[14,82141,82142,82143,82145,82146,82148],{},"Not always. ",[17,82144,39379],{}," is shorter for simple transformations, but a ",[17,82147,774],{}," loop can be easier to read.",[1369,82150,4996,82152,82154],{"id":82151},"can-map-use-more-than-one-list",[17,82153,39379],{}," use more than one list?",[14,82156,82157],{},"Yes. Pass multiple iterables, and use a function that accepts one argument for each iterable.",[1369,82159,82161],{"id":82160},"why-is-my-map-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my map object empty the second time?",[14,82163,82164],{},"A map object is consumed as you iterate over it. Create a new one if you need to use it again.",[141,82166,1771],{"id":1770},[30,82168,82169,82175,82181,82185,82189],{},[33,82170,82171],{},[192,82172,3441,82173,1780],{"href":39748},[17,82174,37237],{},[33,82176,82177],{},[192,82178,3441,82179,1780],{"href":64519},[17,82180,24433],{},[33,82182,82183],{},[192,82184,5045],{"href":4959},[33,82186,82187],{},[192,82188,5050],{"href":4224},[33,82190,82191],{},[192,82192,1789],{"href":4963},[1802,82194,82195],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":82197},[82198,82199,82201,82202,82203,82205,82210,82217,82219,82226,82227,82236],{"id":1869,"depth":106,"text":1870},{"id":79773,"depth":106,"text":82200},"What map() does",{"id":2023,"depth":106,"text":2024},{"id":11115,"depth":106,"text":11116},{"id":80092,"depth":106,"text":82204},"Using map() with your own function",{"id":80276,"depth":106,"text":82206,"children":82207},"Using map() with multiple iterables",[82208],{"id":80464,"depth":300,"text":82209},"map() stops at the shortest iterable",{"id":80621,"depth":106,"text":82211,"children":82212},"map() returns an iterator-like object",[82213,82215,82216],{"id":80639,"depth":300,"text":82214},"Why print(result) looks strange",{"id":80830,"depth":300,"text":80831},{"id":80923,"depth":300,"text":80924},{"id":81184,"depth":106,"text":82218},"When to use map()",{"id":1361,"depth":106,"text":1362,"children":82220},[82221,82223,82224,82225],{"id":81493,"depth":300,"text":82222},"1. Forgetting to convert the result to list()",{"id":81582,"depth":300,"text":81583},{"id":81703,"depth":300,"text":81704},{"id":81922,"depth":300,"text":81923},{"id":67566,"depth":106,"text":67567},{"id":1650,"depth":106,"text":1651,"children":82228},[82229,82231,82233,82235],{"id":82118,"depth":300,"text":82230},"Does map() return a list in Python?",{"id":82133,"depth":300,"text":82232},"Is map() better than a for loop?",{"id":82151,"depth":300,"text":82234},"Can map() use more than one list?",{"id":82160,"depth":300,"text":82161},{"id":1770,"depth":106,"text":1771},"Master python map function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained",{"title":79605,"description":82237},"reference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained","4MI2YLPo_ZE_nkJe3whDWQ5FDq18dCJHZg2kU_VJhkQ",{"id":82244,"title":82245,"body":82246,"description":84266,"extension":1828,"meta":84267,"navigation":833,"path":84268,"seo":84269,"stem":84270,"__hash__":84271},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained.md","Python max() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":82247,"toc":84224},[82248,82254,82259,82262,82270,82273,82275,82399,82401,82419,82421,82441,82446,82450,82464,82467,82470,82472,82477,82589,82592,82610,82616,82619,82681,82683,82692,82695,82709,82711,82759,82761,82770,82780,82786,82789,82816,82818,82826,82829,82832,82902,82904,82912,82915,82920,82925,82976,82978,82986,82989,82991,83008,83010,83062,83065,83071,83075,83080,83083,83087,83146,83148,83157,83163,83172,83176,83239,83241,83249,83254,83258,83263,83343,83345,83354,83361,83366,83371,83374,83409,83411,83419,83422,83428,83430,83480,83482,83491,83494,83512,83514,83519,83525,83532,83559,83561,83584,83589,83624,83629,83635,83640,83683,83686,83689,83728,83735,83741,83746,83761,83765,83772,83775,83779,83784,83788,83793,83795,83856,83858,83887,83892,83899,83908,83910,83913,83938,83940,84043,84046,84064,84073,84075,84080,84083,84089,84092,84094,84104,84110,84114,84172,84179,84187,84189,84221],[10,82249,3441,82251,3444],{"id":82250},"python-max-function-explained",[17,82252,82253],{},"max()",[14,82255,8758,82256,82258],{},[17,82257,82253],{}," function returns the largest item.",[14,82260,82261],{},"You can use it in two main ways:",[30,82263,82264,82267],{},[33,82265,82266],{},"To get the largest item from an iterable like a list or tuple",[33,82268,82269],{},"To compare two or more separate values",[14,82271,82272],{},"This is useful when you want the highest number, the alphabetically largest string, or the biggest item based on a custom rule.",[141,82274,1870],{"id":1869},[60,82276,82278],{"className":62,"code":82277,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\nprint(max(numbers))\n\nprint(max(3, 8, 2, 5))\n\nwords = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[17,82279,82280,82304,82319,82323,82349,82353,82385],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,82281,82282,82284,82286,82288,82290,82292,82294,82296,82298,82300,82302],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,82283,801],{"class":75},[69,82285,80],{"class":79},[69,82287,84],{"class":83},[69,82289,1929],{"class":87},[69,82291,91],{"class":83},[69,82293,1200],{"class":87},[69,82295,91],{"class":83},[69,82297,316],{"class":87},[69,82299,91],{"class":83},[69,82301,100],{"class":87},[69,82303,103],{"class":83},[69,82305,82306,82308,82310,82313,82315,82317],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,82307,110],{"class":109},[69,82309,113],{"class":83},[69,82311,82312],{"class":109},"max",[69,82314,113],{"class":83},[69,82316,3512],{"class":121},[69,82318,342],{"class":83},[69,82320,82321],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,82322,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,82324,82325,82327,82329,82331,82333,82335,82337,82339,82341,82343,82345,82347],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,82326,110],{"class":109},[69,82328,113],{"class":83},[69,82330,82312],{"class":109},[69,82332,113],{"class":83},[69,82334,1929],{"class":87},[69,82336,91],{"class":83},[69,82338,1200],{"class":87},[69,82340,91],{"class":83},[69,82342,316],{"class":87},[69,82344,91],{"class":83},[69,82346,100],{"class":87},[69,82348,342],{"class":83},[69,82350,82351],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,82352,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,82354,82355,82357,82359,82361,82363,82365,82367,82369,82371,82373,82375,82377,82379,82381,82383],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,82356,943],{"class":75},[69,82358,80],{"class":79},[69,82360,84],{"class":83},[69,82362,333],{"class":94},[69,82364,952],{"class":336},[69,82366,333],{"class":94},[69,82368,91],{"class":83},[69,82370,964],{"class":94},[69,82372,967],{"class":336},[69,82374,333],{"class":94},[69,82376,91],{"class":83},[69,82378,964],{"class":94},[69,82380,78416],{"class":336},[69,82382,333],{"class":94},[69,82384,103],{"class":83},[69,82386,82387,82389,82391,82393,82395,82397],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,82388,110],{"class":109},[69,82390,113],{"class":83},[69,82392,82312],{"class":109},[69,82394,113],{"class":83},[69,82396,3947],{"class":121},[69,82398,342],{"class":83},[14,82400,643],{},[60,82402,82404],{"className":62,"code":82403,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"8\n8\npear\n",[17,82405,82406,82410,82414],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,82407,82408],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,82409,2248],{"class":87},[69,82411,82412],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,82413,2248],{"class":87},[69,82415,82416],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,82417,82418],{"class":75},"pear\n",[14,82420,19607],{},[30,82422,82423,82429,82435],{},[33,82424,82425,82428],{},[17,82426,82427],{},"max(numbers)"," uses the iterable form",[33,82430,82431,82434],{},[17,82432,82433],{},"max(3, 8, 2, 5)"," uses separate arguments",[33,82436,82437,82440],{},[17,82438,82439],{},"max(words)"," compares strings alphabetically",[141,82442,3540,82444,3543],{"id":82443},"what-max-does",[17,82445,82253],{},[14,82447,82448,1044],{},[17,82449,82253],{},[30,82451,82452,82455,82458,82461],{},[33,82453,82454],{},"Returns the largest item",[33,82456,82457],{},"Works with a list, tuple, string, set, or other iterable",[33,82459,82460],{},"Also works with two or more separate values",[33,82462,82463],{},"Compares items using Python’s normal ordering rules",[14,82465,82466],{},"For numbers, “largest” means the highest value.",[14,82468,82469],{},"For strings, “largest” means the item that comes last in alphabetical order.",[141,82471,2024],{"id":2023},[14,82473,82474,82475,1044],{},"Here are the main forms of ",[17,82476,82253],{},[60,82478,82480],{"className":62,"code":82479,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"max(iterable)\nmax(iterable, *, key=func)\nmax(iterable, *, default=value)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args, key=func)\n",[17,82481,82482,82492,82516,82538,82561],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,82483,82484,82486,82488,82490],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,82485,82312],{"class":109},[69,82487,113],{"class":83},[69,82489,218],{"class":121},[69,82491,221],{"class":83},[69,82493,82494,82496,82498,82500,82502,82505,82507,82509,82511,82514],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,82495,82312],{"class":109},[69,82497,113],{"class":83},[69,82499,218],{"class":121},[69,82501,91],{"class":83},[69,82503,82504],{"class":79}," *",[69,82506,91],{"class":83},[69,82508,21230],{"class":8811},[69,82510,80],{"class":79},[69,82512,82513],{"class":121},"func",[69,82515,221],{"class":83},[69,82517,82518,82520,82522,82524,82526,82528,82530,82532,82534,82536],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,82519,82312],{"class":109},[69,82521,113],{"class":83},[69,82523,218],{"class":121},[69,82525,91],{"class":83},[69,82527,82504],{"class":79},[69,82529,91],{"class":83},[69,82531,26176],{"class":8811},[69,82533,80],{"class":79},[69,82535,2339],{"class":121},[69,82537,221],{"class":83},[69,82539,82540,82542,82544,82547,82549,82552,82554,82556,82559],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,82541,82312],{"class":109},[69,82543,113],{"class":83},[69,82545,82546],{"class":121},"arg1",[69,82548,91],{"class":83},[69,82550,82551],{"class":121}," arg2",[69,82553,91],{"class":83},[69,82555,82504],{"class":79},[69,82557,82558],{"class":121},"args",[69,82560,221],{"class":83},[69,82562,82563,82565,82567,82569,82571,82573,82575,82577,82579,82581,82583,82585,82587],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,82564,82312],{"class":109},[69,82566,113],{"class":83},[69,82568,82546],{"class":121},[69,82570,91],{"class":83},[69,82572,82551],{"class":121},[69,82574,91],{"class":83},[69,82576,82504],{"class":79},[69,82578,82558],{"class":121},[69,82580,91],{"class":83},[69,82582,21230],{"class":8811},[69,82584,80],{"class":79},[69,82586,82513],{"class":121},[69,82588,221],{"class":83},[14,82590,82591],{},"The most important parts are:",[30,82593,82594,82599,82604],{},[33,82595,82596,82598],{},[17,82597,218],{},": a collection like a list, tuple, or string",[33,82600,82601,82603],{},[17,82602,14487],{},": a function that tells Python how to compare items",[33,82605,82606,82609],{},[17,82607,82608],{},"default",": a value to return if the iterable is empty",[141,82611,8050,82613,82615],{"id":82612},"using-max-with-a-list-of-numbers",[17,82614,82253],{}," with a list of numbers",[14,82617,82618],{},"This is the most common beginner use case.",[60,82620,82622],{"className":62,"code":82621,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"scores = [72, 91, 85, 66]\nhighest_score = max(scores)\n\nprint(highest_score)\n",[17,82623,82624,82650,82666,82670],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,82625,82626,82628,82630,82632,82635,82637,82639,82641,82643,82645,82648],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,82627,4891],{"class":75},[69,82629,80],{"class":79},[69,82631,84],{"class":83},[69,82633,82634],{"class":87},"72",[69,82636,91],{"class":83},[69,82638,51178],{"class":87},[69,82640,91],{"class":83},[69,82642,13152],{"class":87},[69,82644,91],{"class":83},[69,82646,82647],{"class":87}," 66",[69,82649,103],{"class":83},[69,82651,82652,82655,82657,82660,82662,82664],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,82653,82654],{"class":75},"highest_score ",[69,82656,80],{"class":79},[69,82658,82659],{"class":109}," max",[69,82661,113],{"class":83},[69,82663,16036],{"class":121},[69,82665,221],{"class":83},[69,82667,82668],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,82669,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,82671,82672,82674,82676,82679],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,82673,110],{"class":109},[69,82675,113],{"class":83},[69,82677,82678],{"class":121},"highest_score",[69,82680,221],{"class":83},[14,82682,643],{},[60,82684,82686],{"className":62,"code":82685,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"91\n",[17,82687,82688],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,82689,82690],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,82691,82685],{"class":87},[14,82693,82694],{},"This works well for:",[30,82696,82697,82700,82703,82706],{},[33,82698,82699],{},"Scores",[33,82701,82702],{},"Prices",[33,82704,82705],{},"Ages",[33,82707,82708],{},"Counts",[14,82710,51748],{},[60,82712,82714],{"className":62,"code":82713,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"prices = [19.99, 5.50, 12.75, 29.00]\nprint(max(prices))\n",[17,82715,82716,82744],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,82717,82718,82721,82723,82725,82727,82729,82732,82734,82737,82739,82742],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,82719,82720],{"class":75},"prices ",[69,82722,80],{"class":79},[69,82724,84],{"class":83},[69,82726,40061],{"class":87},[69,82728,91],{"class":83},[69,82730,82731],{"class":87}," 5.50",[69,82733,91],{"class":83},[69,82735,82736],{"class":87}," 12.75",[69,82738,91],{"class":83},[69,82740,82741],{"class":87}," 29.00",[69,82743,103],{"class":83},[69,82745,82746,82748,82750,82752,82754,82757],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,82747,110],{"class":109},[69,82749,113],{"class":83},[69,82751,82312],{"class":109},[69,82753,113],{"class":83},[69,82755,82756],{"class":121},"prices",[69,82758,342],{"class":83},[14,82760,643],{},[60,82762,82764],{"className":62,"code":82763,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"29.0\n",[17,82765,82766],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,82767,82768],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,82769,82763],{"class":87},[14,82771,82772,82773,82775,82776,25],{},"If you only need the largest value, ",[17,82774,82253],{}," is simpler than ",[192,82777,82778],{"href":74193},[17,82779,74096],{},[141,82781,8050,82783,82785],{"id":82782},"using-max-with-separate-values",[17,82784,82253],{}," with separate values",[14,82787,82788],{},"You do not always need a list. You can pass values directly.",[60,82790,82792],{"className":62,"code":82791,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(max(4, 12, 7))\n",[17,82793,82794],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,82795,82796,82798,82800,82802,82804,82806,82808,82810,82812,82814],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,82797,110],{"class":109},[69,82799,113],{"class":83},[69,82801,82312],{"class":109},[69,82803,113],{"class":83},[69,82805,808],{"class":87},[69,82807,91],{"class":83},[69,82809,30598],{"class":87},[69,82811,91],{"class":83},[69,82813,813],{"class":87},[69,82815,342],{"class":83},[14,82817,643],{},[60,82819,82820],{"className":62,"code":2092,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,82821,82822],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,82823,82824],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,82825,2092],{"class":87},[14,82827,82828],{},"This is useful for quick comparisons.",[14,82830,82831],{},"For example, comparing three numbers entered by a user:",[60,82833,82835],{"className":62,"code":82834,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = 15\nb = 42\nc = 27\n\nlargest = max(a, b, c)\nprint(largest)\n",[17,82836,82837,82846,82854,82864,82868,82891],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,82838,82839,82841,82843],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,82840,2421],{"class":75},[69,82842,80],{"class":79},[69,82844,82845],{"class":87}," 15\n",[69,82847,82848,82850,82852],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,82849,2449],{"class":75},[69,82851,80],{"class":79},[69,82853,2636],{"class":87},[69,82855,82856,82859,82861],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,82857,82858],{"class":75},"c ",[69,82860,80],{"class":79},[69,82862,82863],{"class":87}," 27\n",[69,82865,82866],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,82867,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,82869,82870,82873,82875,82877,82879,82881,82883,82885,82887,82889],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,82871,82872],{"class":75},"largest ",[69,82874,80],{"class":79},[69,82876,82659],{"class":109},[69,82878,113],{"class":83},[69,82880,192],{"class":121},[69,82882,91],{"class":83},[69,82884,2426],{"class":121},[69,82886,91],{"class":83},[69,82888,9318],{"class":121},[69,82890,221],{"class":83},[69,82892,82893,82895,82897,82900],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,82894,110],{"class":109},[69,82896,113],{"class":83},[69,82898,82899],{"class":121},"largest",[69,82901,221],{"class":83},[14,82903,643],{},[60,82905,82906],{"className":62,"code":46278,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,82907,82908],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,82909,82910],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,82911,46278],{"class":87},[14,82913,82914],{},"Use this form when you already have separate values and do not need to store them in a list first.",[141,82916,8050,82918,46725],{"id":82917},"using-max-with-strings",[17,82919,82253],{},[14,82921,82922,82924],{},[17,82923,82253],{}," can compare strings too.",[60,82926,82928],{"className":62,"code":82927,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[17,82929,82930,82962],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,82931,82932,82934,82936,82938,82940,82942,82944,82946,82948,82950,82952,82954,82956,82958,82960],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,82933,943],{"class":75},[69,82935,80],{"class":79},[69,82937,84],{"class":83},[69,82939,333],{"class":94},[69,82941,952],{"class":336},[69,82943,333],{"class":94},[69,82945,91],{"class":83},[69,82947,964],{"class":94},[69,82949,967],{"class":336},[69,82951,333],{"class":94},[69,82953,91],{"class":83},[69,82955,964],{"class":94},[69,82957,78416],{"class":336},[69,82959,333],{"class":94},[69,82961,103],{"class":83},[69,82963,82964,82966,82968,82970,82972,82974],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,82965,110],{"class":109},[69,82967,113],{"class":83},[69,82969,82312],{"class":109},[69,82971,113],{"class":83},[69,82973,3947],{"class":121},[69,82975,342],{"class":83},[14,82977,643],{},[60,82979,82980],{"className":62,"code":82418,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,82981,82982],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,82983,82984],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,82985,82418],{"class":75},[14,82987,82988],{},"This happens because strings are compared alphabetically.",[14,82990,67955],{},[30,82992,82993,83002,83005],{},[33,82994,82995,82998,82999,83001],{},[17,82996,82997],{},"\"pear\""," comes after ",[17,83000,64946],{}," alphabetically",[33,83003,83004],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters can change the result",[33,83006,83007],{},"Mixed text case can surprise beginners",[14,83009,2076],{},[60,83011,83013],{"className":62,"code":83012,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[17,83014,83015,83048],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,83016,83017,83019,83021,83023,83025,83027,83029,83031,83033,83036,83038,83040,83042,83044,83046],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,83018,943],{"class":75},[69,83020,80],{"class":79},[69,83022,84],{"class":83},[69,83024,333],{"class":94},[69,83026,952],{"class":336},[69,83028,333],{"class":94},[69,83030,91],{"class":83},[69,83032,964],{"class":94},[69,83034,83035],{"class":336},"Banana",[69,83037,333],{"class":94},[69,83039,91],{"class":83},[69,83041,964],{"class":94},[69,83043,78416],{"class":336},[69,83045,333],{"class":94},[69,83047,103],{"class":83},[69,83049,83050,83052,83054,83056,83058,83060],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,83051,110],{"class":109},[69,83053,113],{"class":83},[69,83055,82312],{"class":109},[69,83057,113],{"class":83},[69,83059,3947],{"class":121},[69,83061,342],{"class":83},[14,83063,83064],{},"The result may not be what you expect because uppercase letters are compared differently from lowercase letters.",[14,83066,83067,83068,83070],{},"You can fix that with the ",[17,83069,14487],{}," argument, which is explained below.",[141,83072,36273,83073,36276],{"id":78374},[17,83074,14487],{},[14,83076,1845,83077,83079],{},[17,83078,14487],{}," argument lets you control how items are compared.",[14,83081,83082],{},"This is very useful when the “largest” item is not simply the normal largest value.",[1369,83084,83086],{"id":83085},"find-the-longest-word","Find the longest word",[60,83088,83090],{"className":62,"code":83089,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(max(words, key=len))\n",[17,83091,83092,83124],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,83093,83094,83096,83098,83100,83102,83104,83106,83108,83110,83112,83114,83116,83118,83120,83122],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,83095,943],{"class":75},[69,83097,80],{"class":79},[69,83099,84],{"class":83},[69,83101,333],{"class":94},[69,83103,36708],{"class":336},[69,83105,333],{"class":94},[69,83107,91],{"class":83},[69,83109,964],{"class":94},[69,83111,67998],{"class":336},[69,83113,333],{"class":94},[69,83115,91],{"class":83},[69,83117,964],{"class":94},[69,83119,57797],{"class":336},[69,83121,333],{"class":94},[69,83123,103],{"class":83},[69,83125,83126,83128,83130,83132,83134,83136,83138,83140,83142,83144],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,83127,110],{"class":109},[69,83129,113],{"class":83},[69,83131,82312],{"class":109},[69,83133,113],{"class":83},[69,83135,3947],{"class":121},[69,83137,91],{"class":83},[69,83139,21230],{"class":8811},[69,83141,80],{"class":79},[69,83143,10801],{"class":109},[69,83145,342],{"class":83},[14,83147,643],{},[60,83149,83151],{"className":62,"code":83150,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"elephant\n",[17,83152,83153],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,83154,83155],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,83156,83150],{"class":75},[14,83158,20421,83159,83162],{},[17,83160,83161],{},"key=len"," tells Python to compare the lengths of the strings instead of the strings themselves.",[14,83164,83165,83166,33285,83168,25],{},"If you are new to ",[17,83167,42025],{},[192,83169,83170,594],{"href":42022},[17,83171,42025],{},[1369,83173,83175],{"id":83174},"compare-strings-without-caring-about-uppercase-or-lowercase","Compare strings without caring about uppercase or lowercase",[60,83177,83179],{"className":62,"code":83178,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words, key=str.lower))\n",[17,83180,83181,83213],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,83182,83183,83185,83187,83189,83191,83193,83195,83197,83199,83201,83203,83205,83207,83209,83211],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,83184,943],{"class":75},[69,83186,80],{"class":79},[69,83188,84],{"class":83},[69,83190,333],{"class":94},[69,83192,952],{"class":336},[69,83194,333],{"class":94},[69,83196,91],{"class":83},[69,83198,964],{"class":94},[69,83200,83035],{"class":336},[69,83202,333],{"class":94},[69,83204,91],{"class":83},[69,83206,964],{"class":94},[69,83208,78416],{"class":336},[69,83210,333],{"class":94},[69,83212,103],{"class":83},[69,83214,83215,83217,83219,83221,83223,83225,83227,83229,83231,83233,83235,83237],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,83216,110],{"class":109},[69,83218,113],{"class":83},[69,83220,82312],{"class":109},[69,83222,113],{"class":83},[69,83224,3947],{"class":121},[69,83226,91],{"class":83},[69,83228,21230],{"class":8811},[69,83230,80],{"class":79},[69,83232,3309],{"class":1126},[69,83234,25],{"class":83},[69,83236,8274],{"class":24402},[69,83238,342],{"class":83},[14,83240,643],{},[60,83242,83243],{"className":62,"code":82418,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,83244,83245],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,83246,83247],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,83248,82418],{"class":75},[14,83250,20421,83251,83253],{},[17,83252,78370],{}," converts each string to lowercase for comparison.",[1369,83255,83257],{"id":83256},"use-a-lambda-function","Use a lambda function",[14,83259,83260,83261,1044],{},"You can also use a small custom function with ",[17,83262,37321],{},[60,83264,83266],{"className":62,"code":83265,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = [\"a\", \"bb\", \"cccc\", \"ddd\"]\nprint(max(items, key=lambda text: len(text)))\n",[17,83267,83268,83311],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,83269,83270,83272,83274,83276,83278,83280,83282,83284,83286,83289,83291,83293,83295,83298,83300,83302,83304,83307,83309],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,83271,7409],{"class":75},[69,83273,80],{"class":79},[69,83275,84],{"class":83},[69,83277,333],{"class":94},[69,83279,192],{"class":336},[69,83281,333],{"class":94},[69,83283,91],{"class":83},[69,83285,964],{"class":94},[69,83287,83288],{"class":336},"bb",[69,83290,333],{"class":94},[69,83292,91],{"class":83},[69,83294,964],{"class":94},[69,83296,83297],{"class":336},"cccc",[69,83299,333],{"class":94},[69,83301,91],{"class":83},[69,83303,964],{"class":94},[69,83305,83306],{"class":336},"ddd",[69,83308,333],{"class":94},[69,83310,103],{"class":83},[69,83312,83313,83315,83317,83319,83321,83323,83325,83327,83329,83331,83333,83335,83337,83339,83341],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,83314,110],{"class":109},[69,83316,113],{"class":83},[69,83318,82312],{"class":109},[69,83320,113],{"class":83},[69,83322,7440],{"class":121},[69,83324,91],{"class":83},[69,83326,21230],{"class":8811},[69,83328,80],{"class":79},[69,83330,37321],{"class":1932},[69,83332,42506],{"class":37324},[69,83334,1044],{"class":83},[69,83336,38048],{"class":109},[69,83338,113],{"class":83},[69,83340,34366],{"class":121},[69,83342,297],{"class":83},[14,83344,643],{},[60,83346,83348],{"className":62,"code":83347,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"cccc\n",[17,83349,83350],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,83351,83352],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,83353,83347],{"class":75},[14,83355,49217,83356,587,83358,83360],{},[17,83357,83161],{},[17,83359,78257],{}," are the most useful examples to remember.",[141,83362,36273,83364,36276],{"id":83363},"using-the-default-argument",[17,83365,82608],{},[14,83367,1845,83368,83370],{},[17,83369,82608],{}," argument only works with the iterable form.",[14,83372,83373],{},"It prevents an error when the iterable is empty.",[60,83375,83377],{"className":62,"code":83376,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=0))\n",[17,83378,83379,83387],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,83380,83381,83383,83385],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,83382,801],{"class":75},[69,83384,80],{"class":79},[69,83386,7469],{"class":83},[69,83388,83389,83391,83393,83395,83397,83399,83401,83403,83405,83407],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,83390,110],{"class":109},[69,83392,113],{"class":83},[69,83394,82312],{"class":109},[69,83396,113],{"class":83},[69,83398,3512],{"class":121},[69,83400,91],{"class":83},[69,83402,26176],{"class":8811},[69,83404,80],{"class":79},[69,83406,88],{"class":87},[69,83408,342],{"class":83},[14,83410,643],{},[60,83412,83413],{"className":62,"code":46918,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,83414,83415],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,83416,83417],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,83418,46918],{"class":87},[14,83420,83421],{},"This is helpful when a list may have no items.",[14,83423,83424,83425,83427],{},"Without ",[17,83426,82608],{},", this would raise an error.",[14,83429,51748],{},[60,83431,83433],{"className":62,"code":83432,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = []\nresult = max(words, default=\"no words found\")\nprint(result)\n",[17,83434,83435,83443,83470],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,83436,83437,83439,83441],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,83438,943],{"class":75},[69,83440,80],{"class":79},[69,83442,7469],{"class":83},[69,83444,83445,83447,83449,83451,83453,83455,83457,83459,83461,83463,83466,83468],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,83446,839],{"class":75},[69,83448,80],{"class":79},[69,83450,82659],{"class":109},[69,83452,113],{"class":83},[69,83454,3947],{"class":121},[69,83456,91],{"class":83},[69,83458,26176],{"class":8811},[69,83460,80],{"class":79},[69,83462,333],{"class":94},[69,83464,83465],{"class":336},"no words found",[69,83467,333],{"class":94},[69,83469,221],{"class":83},[69,83471,83472,83474,83476,83478],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,83473,110],{"class":109},[69,83475,113],{"class":83},[69,83477,876],{"class":121},[69,83479,221],{"class":83},[14,83481,643],{},[60,83483,83485],{"className":62,"code":83484,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"no words found\n",[17,83486,83487],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,83488,83489],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,83490,83484],{"class":75},[14,83492,83493],{},"Important:",[30,83495,83496,83504],{},[33,83497,83498,83500,83501],{},[17,83499,82608],{}," works with ",[17,83502,83503],{},"max(iterable, default=value)",[33,83505,40569,83506,83508,83509],{},[22,83507,4457],{}," work with multiple separate arguments like ",[17,83510,83511],{},"max(1, 2, 3, default=0)",[141,83513,47653],{"id":47652},[14,83515,83516,83517,25],{},"There are a few common errors when using ",[17,83518,82253],{},[1369,83520,83522,83524],{"id":83521},"valueerror-with-an-empty-iterable",[17,83523,40367],{}," with an empty iterable",[14,83526,83527,83528,45574,83530,25],{},"If the iterable is empty and you do not provide ",[17,83529,82608],{},[17,83531,40367],{},[60,83533,83535],{"className":62,"code":83534,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers))\n",[17,83536,83537,83545],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,83538,83539,83541,83543],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,83540,801],{"class":75},[69,83542,80],{"class":79},[69,83544,7469],{"class":83},[69,83546,83547,83549,83551,83553,83555,83557],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,83548,110],{"class":109},[69,83550,113],{"class":83},[69,83552,82312],{"class":109},[69,83554,113],{"class":83},[69,83556,3512],{"class":121},[69,83558,342],{"class":83},[14,83560,29335],{},[60,83562,83564],{"className":62,"code":83563,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"ValueError: max() arg is an empty sequence\n",[17,83565,83566],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,83567,83568,83570,83572,83574,83576,83579,83581],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,83569,40367],{"class":1126},[69,83571,1044],{"class":83},[69,83573,82659],{"class":109},[69,83575,6994],{"class":83},[69,83577,83578],{"class":75}," arg ",[69,83580,11836],{"class":79},[69,83582,83583],{"class":75}," an empty sequence\n",[14,83585,83586,83587,1044],{},"Fix it by using ",[17,83588,82608],{},[60,83590,83592],{"className":62,"code":83591,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=None))\n",[17,83593,83594,83602],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,83595,83596,83598,83600],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,83597,801],{"class":75},[69,83599,80],{"class":79},[69,83601,7469],{"class":83},[69,83603,83604,83606,83608,83610,83612,83614,83616,83618,83620,83622],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,83605,110],{"class":109},[69,83607,113],{"class":83},[69,83609,82312],{"class":109},[69,83611,113],{"class":83},[69,83613,3512],{"class":121},[69,83615,91],{"class":83},[69,83617,26176],{"class":8811},[69,83619,80],{"class":79},[69,83621,449],{"class":289},[69,83623,342],{"class":83},[14,83625,83626,83627,25],{},"If you need more help with this kind of problem, see ",[192,83628,65511],{"href":72550},[1369,83630,83632,83634],{"id":83631},"typeerror-when-items-cannot-be-compared",[17,83633,2870],{}," when items cannot be compared",[14,83636,83637,83638,25],{},"If Python cannot compare the items, you get a ",[17,83639,2870],{},[60,83641,83643],{"className":62,"code":83642,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = [10, \"20\", 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[17,83644,83645,83669],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,83646,83647,83649,83651,83653,83655,83657,83659,83661,83663,83665,83667],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,83648,7409],{"class":75},[69,83650,80],{"class":79},[69,83652,84],{"class":83},[69,83654,2197],{"class":87},[69,83656,91],{"class":83},[69,83658,964],{"class":94},[69,83660,15401],{"class":336},[69,83662,333],{"class":94},[69,83664,91],{"class":83},[69,83666,7425],{"class":87},[69,83668,103],{"class":83},[69,83670,83671,83673,83675,83677,83679,83681],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,83672,110],{"class":109},[69,83674,113],{"class":83},[69,83676,82312],{"class":109},[69,83678,113],{"class":83},[69,83680,7440],{"class":121},[69,83682,342],{"class":83},[14,83684,83685],{},"This fails because integers and strings are different types and cannot be compared normally.",[14,83687,83688],{},"Fix it by making the items the same type:",[60,83690,83692],{"className":62,"code":83691,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[17,83693,83694,83714],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,83695,83696,83698,83700,83702,83704,83706,83708,83710,83712],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,83697,7409],{"class":75},[69,83699,80],{"class":79},[69,83701,84],{"class":83},[69,83703,2197],{"class":87},[69,83705,91],{"class":83},[69,83707,7420],{"class":87},[69,83709,91],{"class":83},[69,83711,7425],{"class":87},[69,83713,103],{"class":83},[69,83715,83716,83718,83720,83722,83724,83726],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,83717,110],{"class":109},[69,83719,113],{"class":83},[69,83721,82312],{"class":109},[69,83723,113],{"class":83},[69,83725,7440],{"class":121},[69,83727,342],{"class":83},[14,83729,83730,83731,25],{},"If you are debugging this kind of issue, see ",[192,83732,83734],{"href":83733},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained","TypeError in Python: causes and fixes",[1369,83736,83738,83740],{"id":83737},"typeerror-when-called-with-no-arguments",[17,83739,2870],{}," when called with no arguments",[14,83742,83743,83745],{},[17,83744,82253],{}," needs at least one iterable or at least two values.",[60,83747,83749],{"className":62,"code":83748,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(max())\n",[17,83750,83751],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,83752,83753,83755,83757,83759],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,83754,110],{"class":109},[69,83756,113],{"class":83},[69,83758,82312],{"class":109},[69,83760,6822],{"class":83},[14,83762,2867,83763,25],{},[17,83764,2870],{},[141,83766,83768,10223,83770],{"id":83767},"max-vs-sorted",[17,83769,82253],{},[17,83771,74096],{},[14,83773,83774],{},"These two functions are related, but they do different things.",[14,83776,83777,1044],{},[17,83778,82253],{},[30,83780,83781],{},[33,83782,83783],{},"Returns one largest item",[14,83785,83786,1044],{},[17,83787,74096],{},[30,83789,83790],{},[33,83791,83792],{},"Returns a new sorted list of all items",[14,83794,2076],{},[60,83796,83798],{"className":62,"code":83797,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\n\nprint(max(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[17,83799,83800,83824,83828,83842],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,83801,83802,83804,83806,83808,83810,83812,83814,83816,83818,83820,83822],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,83803,801],{"class":75},[69,83805,80],{"class":79},[69,83807,84],{"class":83},[69,83809,1929],{"class":87},[69,83811,91],{"class":83},[69,83813,1200],{"class":87},[69,83815,91],{"class":83},[69,83817,316],{"class":87},[69,83819,91],{"class":83},[69,83821,100],{"class":87},[69,83823,103],{"class":83},[69,83825,83826],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,83827,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,83829,83830,83832,83834,83836,83838,83840],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,83831,110],{"class":109},[69,83833,113],{"class":83},[69,83835,82312],{"class":109},[69,83837,113],{"class":83},[69,83839,3512],{"class":121},[69,83841,342],{"class":83},[69,83843,83844,83846,83848,83850,83852,83854],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,83845,110],{"class":109},[69,83847,113],{"class":83},[69,83849,74186],{"class":109},[69,83851,113],{"class":83},[69,83853,3512],{"class":121},[69,83855,342],{"class":83},[14,83857,643],{},[60,83859,83861],{"className":62,"code":83860,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"8\n[2, 3, 5, 8]\n",[17,83862,83863,83867],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,83864,83865],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,83866,2248],{"class":87},[69,83868,83869,83871,83873,83875,83877,83879,83881,83883,83885],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,83870,3739],{"class":83},[69,83872,821],{"class":87},[69,83874,91],{"class":83},[69,83876,516],{"class":87},[69,83878,91],{"class":83},[69,83880,100],{"class":87},[69,83882,91],{"class":83},[69,83884,1200],{"class":87},[69,83886,103],{"class":83},[14,83888,132,83889,83891],{},[17,83890,82253],{}," when you only need the largest value.",[14,83893,132,83894,83898],{},[192,83895,83896],{"href":74193},[17,83897,74096],{}," when you need all items in order.",[14,83900,83901,83902,25],{},"If you want the smallest item instead, compare this with ",[192,83903,83905],{"href":83904},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained\u002F",[17,83906,83907],{},"min()",[141,83909,2698],{"id":2697},[14,83911,83912],{},"Beginners often run into these problems:",[30,83914,83915,83922,83925,83930,83933],{},[33,83916,29304,83917,83919,83920],{},[17,83918,82253],{}," on an empty list without ",[17,83921,82608],{},[33,83923,83924],{},"Mixing incompatible types like integers and strings",[33,83926,8086,83927,83929],{},[17,83928,82253],{}," to return all large items instead of one item",[33,83931,83932],{},"Forgetting that strings are compared alphabetically",[33,83934,8050,83935,83937],{},[17,83936,82608],{}," with multiple separate arguments",[14,83939,10752],{},[60,83941,83943],{"className":62,"code":83942,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(items)\nprint(type(items))\nprint(len(items))\nprint(max(items))\nprint(max(items, default=None))\nprint([type(x) for x in items])\n",[17,83944,83945,83955,83969,83983,83997,84019],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,83946,83947,83949,83951,83953],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,83948,110],{"class":109},[69,83950,113],{"class":83},[69,83952,7440],{"class":121},[69,83954,221],{"class":83},[69,83956,83957,83959,83961,83963,83965,83967],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,83958,110],{"class":109},[69,83960,113],{"class":83},[69,83962,3087],{"class":1126},[69,83964,113],{"class":83},[69,83966,7440],{"class":121},[69,83968,342],{"class":83},[69,83970,83971,83973,83975,83977,83979,83981],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,83972,110],{"class":109},[69,83974,113],{"class":83},[69,83976,10801],{"class":109},[69,83978,113],{"class":83},[69,83980,7440],{"class":121},[69,83982,342],{"class":83},[69,83984,83985,83987,83989,83991,83993,83995],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,83986,110],{"class":109},[69,83988,113],{"class":83},[69,83990,82312],{"class":109},[69,83992,113],{"class":83},[69,83994,7440],{"class":121},[69,83996,342],{"class":83},[69,83998,83999,84001,84003,84005,84007,84009,84011,84013,84015,84017],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,84000,110],{"class":109},[69,84002,113],{"class":83},[69,84004,82312],{"class":109},[69,84006,113],{"class":83},[69,84008,7440],{"class":121},[69,84010,91],{"class":83},[69,84012,26176],{"class":8811},[69,84014,80],{"class":79},[69,84016,449],{"class":289},[69,84018,342],{"class":83},[69,84020,84021,84023,84025,84027,84029,84031,84033,84035,84037,84039,84041],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,84022,110],{"class":109},[69,84024,260],{"class":83},[69,84026,3087],{"class":1126},[69,84028,113],{"class":83},[69,84030,2041],{"class":121},[69,84032,3525],{"class":83},[69,84034,857],{"class":773},[69,84036,860],{"class":121},[69,84038,780],{"class":773},[69,84040,783],{"class":121},[69,84042,3727],{"class":83},[14,84044,84045],{},"These are useful for checking:",[30,84047,84048,84053,84058,84061],{},[33,84049,84050,84051],{},"What is actually inside ",[17,84052,7440],{},[33,84054,79423,84055,84057],{},[17,84056,7440],{}," is a list or some other type",[33,84059,84060],{},"Whether the iterable is empty",[33,84062,84063],{},"Whether all items have compatible types",[14,84065,69019,84066,84069,84070,84072],{},[17,84067,84068],{},"print(max(items))"," if ",[17,84071,7440],{}," might be empty or contain mixed types, because that line can also raise an error.",[141,84074,1651],{"id":1650},[1369,84076,4969,84078,4972],{"id":84077},"what-does-max-return-in-python",[17,84079,82253],{},[14,84081,84082],{},"It returns the largest item from an iterable or the largest of two or more values.",[1369,84084,4996,84086,84088],{"id":84085},"can-max-work-with-strings",[17,84087,82253],{}," work with strings?",[14,84090,84091],{},"Yes. It compares strings using alphabetical order, based on character values.",[1369,84093,71318],{"id":71317},[14,84095,84096,52163,84098,84100,84101,84103],{},[17,84097,82253],{},[17,84099,40367],{}," unless you use the ",[17,84102,82608],{}," argument with the iterable form.",[1369,84105,84107,84108,2359],{"id":84106},"how-do-i-get-the-longest-string-with-max","How do I get the longest string with ",[17,84109,82253],{},[14,84111,132,84112,1044],{},[17,84113,83161],{},[60,84115,84116],{"className":62,"code":83089,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,84117,84118,84150],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,84119,84120,84122,84124,84126,84128,84130,84132,84134,84136,84138,84140,84142,84144,84146,84148],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,84121,943],{"class":75},[69,84123,80],{"class":79},[69,84125,84],{"class":83},[69,84127,333],{"class":94},[69,84129,36708],{"class":336},[69,84131,333],{"class":94},[69,84133,91],{"class":83},[69,84135,964],{"class":94},[69,84137,67998],{"class":336},[69,84139,333],{"class":94},[69,84141,91],{"class":83},[69,84143,964],{"class":94},[69,84145,57797],{"class":336},[69,84147,333],{"class":94},[69,84149,103],{"class":83},[69,84151,84152,84154,84156,84158,84160,84162,84164,84166,84168,84170],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,84153,110],{"class":109},[69,84155,113],{"class":83},[69,84157,82312],{"class":109},[69,84159,113],{"class":83},[69,84161,3947],{"class":121},[69,84163,91],{"class":83},[69,84165,21230],{"class":8811},[69,84167,80],{"class":79},[69,84169,10801],{"class":109},[69,84171,342],{"class":83},[1369,84173,5006,84175,587,84177,2359],{"id":84174},"what-is-the-difference-between-max-and-sorted",[17,84176,82253],{},[17,84178,74096],{},[14,84180,84181,84183,84184,84186],{},[17,84182,82253],{}," returns one largest item. ",[17,84185,74096],{}," returns all items in order.",[141,84188,1771],{"id":1770},[30,84190,84191,84197,84203,84209,84213,84217],{},[33,84192,84193],{},[192,84194,84195,1780],{"href":83904},[17,84196,83907],{},[33,84198,84199],{},[192,84200,84201,1780],{"href":74193},[17,84202,74096],{},[33,84204,84205],{},[192,84206,84207,1780],{"href":42022},[17,84208,42025],{},[33,84210,84211],{},[192,84212,58626],{"href":58625},[33,84214,84215],{},[192,84216,65511],{"href":72550},[33,84218,84219],{},[192,84220,83734],{"href":83733},[1802,84222,84223],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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.s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":84225},[84226,84227,84229,84230,84232,84234,84236,84241,84243,84251,84253,84254,84265],{"id":1869,"depth":106,"text":1870},{"id":82443,"depth":106,"text":84228},"What max() does",{"id":2023,"depth":106,"text":2024},{"id":82612,"depth":106,"text":84231},"Using max() with a list of numbers",{"id":82782,"depth":106,"text":84233},"Using max() with separate values",{"id":82917,"depth":106,"text":84235},"Using max() with strings",{"id":78374,"depth":106,"text":79572,"children":84237},[84238,84239,84240],{"id":83085,"depth":300,"text":83086},{"id":83174,"depth":300,"text":83175},{"id":83256,"depth":300,"text":83257},{"id":83363,"depth":106,"text":84242},"Using the default argument",{"id":47652,"depth":106,"text":47653,"children":84244},[84245,84247,84249],{"id":83521,"depth":300,"text":84246},"ValueError with an empty iterable",{"id":83631,"depth":300,"text":84248},"TypeError when items cannot be compared",{"id":83737,"depth":300,"text":84250},"TypeError when called with no arguments",{"id":83767,"depth":106,"text":84252},"max() vs sorted()",{"id":2697,"depth":106,"text":2698},{"id":1650,"depth":106,"text":1651,"children":84255},[84256,84258,84260,84261,84263],{"id":84077,"depth":300,"text":84257},"What does max() return in Python?",{"id":84085,"depth":300,"text":84259},"Can max() work with strings?",{"id":71317,"depth":300,"text":71318},{"id":84106,"depth":300,"text":84262},"How do I get the longest string with max()?",{"id":84174,"depth":300,"text":84264},"What is the difference between max() and sorted()?",{"id":1770,"depth":106,"text":1771},"Master python max function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained",{"title":82245,"description":84266},"reference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained","hvpxLEK57awlwmwmUnkeI93490TdK4SLeAU63KWEzvc",{"id":84273,"title":84274,"body":84275,"description":86229,"extension":1828,"meta":86230,"navigation":833,"path":86231,"seo":86232,"stem":86233,"__hash__":86234},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained.md","Python min() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":84276,"toc":86186},[84277,84282,84287,84293,84295,84369,84371,84384,84389,84394,84410,84414,84419,84495,84501,84504,84547,84549,84557,84563,84566,84597,84599,84607,84613,84618,84677,84679,84688,84691,84701,84707,84712,84747,84749,84757,84763,84769,84774,84818,84820,84829,84832,84872,84874,84883,84886,84898,84903,84908,84959,84961,84970,84973,85024,85026,85035,85038,85045,85051,85056,85058,85073,85077,85137,85139,85148,85152,85324,85326,85363,85370,85376,85379,85406,85408,85429,85434,85469,85471,85479,85482,85485,85501,85506,85508,85512,85518,85522,85549,85552,85562,85602,85606,85609,85652,85654,85663,85666,85671,85740,85742,85750,85755,85759,85762,85813,85815,85823,85826,85889,85891,85899,85902,85907,85911,85924,85931,85939,85941,85943,85973,85979,86080,86090,86092,86097,86100,86105,86108,86110,86118,86126,86134,86141,86149,86151,86183],[10,84278,3441,84280,3444],{"id":84279},"python-min-function-explained",[17,84281,83907],{},[14,84283,84284,84286],{},[17,84285,83907],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns the smallest item. You can use it with a single iterable, like a list or tuple, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[14,84288,84289,84290,84292],{},"This page explains what ",[17,84291,83907],{}," does, its main syntax forms, and the common mistakes beginners make when using it.",[141,84294,1870],{"id":1869},[60,84296,84298],{"className":62,"code":84297,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n\nprint(min(5, 2, 9, 1))\n",[17,84299,84300,84324,84339,84343],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,84301,84302,84304,84306,84308,84310,84312,84314,84316,84318,84320,84322],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,84303,801],{"class":75},[69,84305,80],{"class":79},[69,84307,84],{"class":83},[69,84309,670],{"class":87},[69,84311,91],{"class":83},[69,84313,316],{"class":87},[69,84315,91],{"class":83},[69,84317,53805],{"class":87},[69,84319,91],{"class":83},[69,84321,272],{"class":87},[69,84323,103],{"class":83},[69,84325,84326,84328,84330,84333,84335,84337],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,84327,110],{"class":109},[69,84329,113],{"class":83},[69,84331,84332],{"class":109},"min",[69,84334,113],{"class":83},[69,84336,3512],{"class":121},[69,84338,342],{"class":83},[69,84340,84341],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,84342,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,84344,84345,84347,84349,84351,84353,84355,84357,84359,84361,84363,84365,84367],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,84346,110],{"class":109},[69,84348,113],{"class":83},[69,84350,84332],{"class":109},[69,84352,113],{"class":83},[69,84354,670],{"class":87},[69,84356,91],{"class":83},[69,84358,316],{"class":87},[69,84360,91],{"class":83},[69,84362,53805],{"class":87},[69,84364,91],{"class":83},[69,84366,272],{"class":87},[69,84368,342],{"class":83},[14,84370,643],{},[60,84372,84374],{"className":62,"code":84373,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"1\n1\n",[17,84375,84376,84380],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,84377,84378],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,84379,46583],{"class":87},[69,84381,84382],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,84383,46583],{"class":87},[14,84385,132,84386,84388],{},[17,84387,83907],{}," with one iterable like a list, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[141,84390,3540,84392,3543],{"id":84391},"what-min-does",[17,84393,83907],{},[30,84395,84396,84401,84404,84407],{},[33,84397,84398,84400],{},[17,84399,83907],{}," returns the smallest item",[33,84402,84403],{},"It can compare numbers, strings, and other comparable values",[33,84405,84406],{},"It is a built-in Python function",[33,84408,84409],{},"This page explains the function itself, not task-based use cases",[141,84411,84413],{"id":84412},"main-syntax-forms","Main syntax forms",[14,84415,84416,84417,1044],{},"Here are the main ways to use ",[17,84418,83907],{},[60,84420,84422],{"className":62,"code":84421,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"min(iterable)\nmin(value1, value2, value3, ...)\nmin(iterable, key=...)\nmin(iterable, default=...)\n",[17,84423,84424,84434,84459,84477],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,84425,84426,84428,84430,84432],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,84427,84332],{"class":109},[69,84429,113],{"class":83},[69,84431,218],{"class":121},[69,84433,221],{"class":83},[69,84435,84436,84438,84440,84443,84445,84448,84450,84453,84455,84457],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,84437,84332],{"class":109},[69,84439,113],{"class":83},[69,84441,84442],{"class":121},"value1",[69,84444,91],{"class":83},[69,84446,84447],{"class":121}," value2",[69,84449,91],{"class":83},[69,84451,84452],{"class":121}," value3",[69,84454,91],{"class":83},[69,84456,34111],{"class":109},[69,84458,221],{"class":83},[69,84460,84461,84463,84465,84467,84469,84471,84473,84475],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,84462,84332],{"class":109},[69,84464,113],{"class":83},[69,84466,218],{"class":121},[69,84468,91],{"class":83},[69,84470,21230],{"class":8811},[69,84472,80],{"class":79},[69,84474,37032],{"class":109},[69,84476,221],{"class":83},[69,84478,84479,84481,84483,84485,84487,84489,84491,84493],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,84480,84332],{"class":109},[69,84482,113],{"class":83},[69,84484,218],{"class":121},[69,84486,91],{"class":83},[69,84488,26176],{"class":8811},[69,84490,80],{"class":79},[69,84492,37032],{"class":109},[69,84494,221],{"class":83},[1369,84496,84498],{"id":84497},"miniterable",[17,84499,84500],{},"min(iterable)",[14,84502,84503],{},"Use this form when you have one collection of values.",[60,84505,84507],{"className":62,"code":84506,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [8, 3, 12, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[17,84508,84509,84533],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,84510,84511,84513,84515,84517,84519,84521,84523,84525,84527,84529,84531],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,84512,801],{"class":75},[69,84514,80],{"class":79},[69,84516,84],{"class":83},[69,84518,2212],{"class":87},[69,84520,91],{"class":83},[69,84522,516],{"class":87},[69,84524,91],{"class":83},[69,84526,30598],{"class":87},[69,84528,91],{"class":83},[69,84530,272],{"class":87},[69,84532,103],{"class":83},[69,84534,84535,84537,84539,84541,84543,84545],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,84536,110],{"class":109},[69,84538,113],{"class":83},[69,84540,84332],{"class":109},[69,84542,113],{"class":83},[69,84544,3512],{"class":121},[69,84546,342],{"class":83},[14,84548,643],{},[60,84550,84551],{"className":62,"code":46583,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,84552,84553],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,84554,84555],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,84556,46583],{"class":87},[1369,84558,84560],{"id":84559},"minvalue1-value2-value3",[17,84561,84562],{},"min(value1, value2, value3, ...)",[14,84564,84565],{},"Use this form when you want to compare separate values directly.",[60,84567,84569],{"className":62,"code":84568,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(min(8, 3, 12, 1))\n",[17,84570,84571],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,84572,84573,84575,84577,84579,84581,84583,84585,84587,84589,84591,84593,84595],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,84574,110],{"class":109},[69,84576,113],{"class":83},[69,84578,84332],{"class":109},[69,84580,113],{"class":83},[69,84582,2212],{"class":87},[69,84584,91],{"class":83},[69,84586,516],{"class":87},[69,84588,91],{"class":83},[69,84590,30598],{"class":87},[69,84592,91],{"class":83},[69,84594,272],{"class":87},[69,84596,342],{"class":83},[14,84598,643],{},[60,84600,84601],{"className":62,"code":46583,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,84602,84603],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,84604,84605],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,84606,46583],{"class":87},[1369,84608,84610],{"id":84609},"miniterable-key",[17,84611,84612],{},"min(iterable, key=...)",[14,84614,132,84615,84617],{},[17,84616,14487],{}," when you want Python to compare items using a custom rule.",[60,84619,84621],{"className":62,"code":84620,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = [\"pear\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[17,84622,84623,84655],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,84624,84625,84627,84629,84631,84633,84635,84637,84639,84641,84643,84645,84647,84649,84651,84653],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,84626,943],{"class":75},[69,84628,80],{"class":79},[69,84630,84],{"class":83},[69,84632,333],{"class":94},[69,84634,78416],{"class":336},[69,84636,333],{"class":94},[69,84638,91],{"class":83},[69,84640,964],{"class":94},[69,84642,38003],{"class":336},[69,84644,333],{"class":94},[69,84646,91],{"class":83},[69,84648,964],{"class":94},[69,84650,967],{"class":336},[69,84652,333],{"class":94},[69,84654,103],{"class":83},[69,84656,84657,84659,84661,84663,84665,84667,84669,84671,84673,84675],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,84658,110],{"class":109},[69,84660,113],{"class":83},[69,84662,84332],{"class":109},[69,84664,113],{"class":83},[69,84666,3947],{"class":121},[69,84668,91],{"class":83},[69,84670,21230],{"class":8811},[69,84672,80],{"class":79},[69,84674,10801],{"class":109},[69,84676,342],{"class":83},[14,84678,643],{},[60,84680,84682],{"className":62,"code":84681,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"kiwi\n",[17,84683,84684],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,84685,84686],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,84687,84681],{"class":75},[14,84689,84690],{},"Python compares the lengths of the strings, but it returns the original item, not the length.",[14,84692,84693,84694,84696,84697,25],{},"If you are not familiar with ",[17,84695,42025],{},", see the ",[192,84698,84699,1780],{"href":42022},[17,84700,42025],{},[1369,84702,84704],{"id":84703},"miniterable-default",[17,84705,84706],{},"min(iterable, default=...)",[14,84708,132,84709,84711],{},[17,84710,82608],{}," when the iterable might be empty.",[60,84713,84715],{"className":62,"code":84714,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=0))\n",[17,84716,84717,84725],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,84718,84719,84721,84723],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,84720,801],{"class":75},[69,84722,80],{"class":79},[69,84724,7469],{"class":83},[69,84726,84727,84729,84731,84733,84735,84737,84739,84741,84743,84745],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,84728,110],{"class":109},[69,84730,113],{"class":83},[69,84732,84332],{"class":109},[69,84734,113],{"class":83},[69,84736,3512],{"class":121},[69,84738,91],{"class":83},[69,84740,26176],{"class":8811},[69,84742,80],{"class":79},[69,84744,88],{"class":87},[69,84746,342],{"class":83},[14,84748,643],{},[60,84750,84751],{"className":62,"code":46918,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,84752,84753],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,84754,84755],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,84756,46918],{"class":87},[14,84758,84759,84760,84762],{},"This avoids a ",[17,84761,40367],{}," when there is no item to return.",[141,84764,8050,84766,84768],{"id":84765},"using-min-with-numbers",[17,84767,83907],{}," with numbers",[14,84770,84771,84773],{},[17,84772,83907],{}," works with integers and floats. It returns the lowest numeric value.",[60,84775,84777],{"className":62,"code":84776,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"scores = [88, 72, 95, 60]\nprint(min(scores))\n",[17,84778,84779,84804],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,84780,84781,84783,84785,84787,84789,84791,84794,84796,84798,84800,84802],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,84782,4891],{"class":75},[69,84784,80],{"class":79},[69,84786,84],{"class":83},[69,84788,51173],{"class":87},[69,84790,91],{"class":83},[69,84792,84793],{"class":87}," 72",[69,84795,91],{"class":83},[69,84797,28560],{"class":87},[69,84799,91],{"class":83},[69,84801,75772],{"class":87},[69,84803,103],{"class":83},[69,84805,84806,84808,84810,84812,84814,84816],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,84807,110],{"class":109},[69,84809,113],{"class":83},[69,84811,84332],{"class":109},[69,84813,113],{"class":83},[69,84815,16036],{"class":121},[69,84817,342],{"class":83},[14,84819,643],{},[60,84821,84823],{"className":62,"code":84822,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"60\n",[17,84824,84825],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,84826,84827],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,84828,84822],{"class":87},[14,84830,84831],{},"It also works with decimal values:",[60,84833,84835],{"className":62,"code":84834,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"prices = [19.99, 5.49, 12.75]\nprint(min(prices))\n",[17,84836,84837,84858],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,84838,84839,84841,84843,84845,84847,84849,84852,84854,84856],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,84840,82720],{"class":75},[69,84842,80],{"class":79},[69,84844,84],{"class":83},[69,84846,40061],{"class":87},[69,84848,91],{"class":83},[69,84850,84851],{"class":87}," 5.49",[69,84853,91],{"class":83},[69,84855,82736],{"class":87},[69,84857,103],{"class":83},[69,84859,84860,84862,84864,84866,84868,84870],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,84861,110],{"class":109},[69,84863,113],{"class":83},[69,84865,84332],{"class":109},[69,84867,113],{"class":83},[69,84869,82756],{"class":121},[69,84871,342],{"class":83},[14,84873,643],{},[60,84875,84877],{"className":62,"code":84876,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"5.49\n",[17,84878,84879],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,84880,84881],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,84882,84876],{"class":87},[14,84884,84885],{},"This is useful for things like:",[30,84887,84888,84890,84892,84895],{},[33,84889,16036],{},[33,84891,82756],{},[33,84893,84894],{},"measurements",[33,84896,84897],{},"ages",[141,84899,8050,84901,46725],{"id":84900},"using-min-with-strings",[17,84902,83907],{},[14,84904,84905,84907],{},[17,84906,83907],{}," can also compare strings. It uses character order, which is similar to alphabetical order.",[60,84909,84911],{"className":62,"code":84910,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[17,84912,84913,84945],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,84914,84915,84917,84919,84921,84923,84925,84927,84929,84931,84933,84935,84937,84939,84941,84943],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,84916,943],{"class":75},[69,84918,80],{"class":79},[69,84920,84],{"class":83},[69,84922,333],{"class":94},[69,84924,967],{"class":336},[69,84926,333],{"class":94},[69,84928,91],{"class":83},[69,84930,964],{"class":94},[69,84932,952],{"class":336},[69,84934,333],{"class":94},[69,84936,91],{"class":83},[69,84938,964],{"class":94},[69,84940,3930],{"class":336},[69,84942,333],{"class":94},[69,84944,103],{"class":83},[69,84946,84947,84949,84951,84953,84955,84957],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,84948,110],{"class":109},[69,84950,113],{"class":83},[69,84952,84332],{"class":109},[69,84954,113],{"class":83},[69,84956,3947],{"class":121},[69,84958,342],{"class":83},[14,84960,643],{},[60,84962,84964],{"className":62,"code":84963,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"apple\n",[17,84965,84966],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,84967,84968],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,84969,84963],{"class":75},[14,84971,84972],{},"Be careful with uppercase and lowercase letters. They are not treated the same.",[60,84974,84976],{"className":62,"code":84975,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[17,84977,84978,85010],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,84979,84980,84982,84984,84986,84988,84990,84992,84994,84996,84998,85000,85002,85004,85006,85008],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,84981,943],{"class":75},[69,84983,80],{"class":79},[69,84985,84],{"class":83},[69,84987,333],{"class":94},[69,84989,967],{"class":336},[69,84991,333],{"class":94},[69,84993,91],{"class":83},[69,84995,964],{"class":94},[69,84997,57438],{"class":336},[69,84999,333],{"class":94},[69,85001,91],{"class":83},[69,85003,964],{"class":94},[69,85005,3930],{"class":336},[69,85007,333],{"class":94},[69,85009,103],{"class":83},[69,85011,85012,85014,85016,85018,85020,85022],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,85013,110],{"class":109},[69,85015,113],{"class":83},[69,85017,84332],{"class":109},[69,85019,113],{"class":83},[69,85021,3947],{"class":121},[69,85023,342],{"class":83},[14,85025,643],{},[60,85027,85029],{"className":62,"code":85028,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Apple\n",[17,85030,85031],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,85032,85033],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,85034,85028],{"class":75},[14,85036,85037],{},"This may look surprising at first. Python compares characters by their internal order, so mixed letter case can change the result.",[14,85039,85040,85041,25],{},"If you need all items in order instead of just the smallest one, see ",[192,85042,85043,594],{"href":74193},[17,85044,74096],{},[141,85046,8050,85048,85050],{"id":85047},"using-min-with-a-key-function",[17,85049,83907],{}," with a key function",[14,85052,1845,85053,85055],{},[17,85054,14487],{}," argument changes how items are compared.",[14,85057,11099],{},[30,85059,85060,85065,85070],{},[33,85061,85062,85064],{},[17,85063,14487],{}," changes the comparison rule",[33,85066,85067,85069],{},[17,85068,83907],{}," still returns the original item",[33,85071,85072],{},"This is useful for custom comparisons",[1369,85074,85076],{"id":85075},"find-the-shortest-string","Find the shortest string",[60,85078,85080],{"className":62,"code":85079,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = [\"elephant\", \"cat\", \"giraffe\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[17,85081,85082,85115],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,85083,85084,85086,85088,85090,85092,85094,85096,85098,85100,85102,85104,85106,85108,85111,85113],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,85085,943],{"class":75},[69,85087,80],{"class":79},[69,85089,84],{"class":83},[69,85091,333],{"class":94},[69,85093,67998],{"class":336},[69,85095,333],{"class":94},[69,85097,91],{"class":83},[69,85099,964],{"class":94},[69,85101,36708],{"class":336},[69,85103,333],{"class":94},[69,85105,91],{"class":83},[69,85107,964],{"class":94},[69,85109,85110],{"class":336},"giraffe",[69,85112,333],{"class":94},[69,85114,103],{"class":83},[69,85116,85117,85119,85121,85123,85125,85127,85129,85131,85133,85135],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,85118,110],{"class":109},[69,85120,113],{"class":83},[69,85122,84332],{"class":109},[69,85124,113],{"class":83},[69,85126,3947],{"class":121},[69,85128,91],{"class":83},[69,85130,21230],{"class":8811},[69,85132,80],{"class":79},[69,85134,10801],{"class":109},[69,85136,342],{"class":83},[14,85138,643],{},[60,85140,85142],{"className":62,"code":85141,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"cat\n",[17,85143,85144],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,85145,85146],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,85147,85141],{"class":75},[1369,85149,85151],{"id":85150},"find-the-dictionary-with-the-smallest-value","Find the dictionary with the smallest value",[60,85153,85155],{"className":62,"code":85154,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"students = [\n    {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"score\": 85},\n    {\"name\": \"Ben\", \"score\": 72},\n    {\"name\": \"Cara\", \"score\": 90}\n]\n\nlowest = min(students, key=lambda student: student[\"score\"])\nprint(lowest)\n",[17,85156,85157,85167,85202,85234,85266,85270,85274,85313],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,85158,85159,85162,85164],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,85160,85161],{"class":75},"students ",[69,85163,80],{"class":79},[69,85165,85166],{"class":83}," [\n",[69,85168,85169,85172,85174,85176,85178,85180,85182,85184,85186,85188,85190,85193,85195,85197,85199],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,85170,85171],{"class":83},"    {",[69,85173,333],{"class":94},[69,85175,7297],{"class":336},[69,85177,333],{"class":94},[69,85179,1044],{"class":83},[69,85181,964],{"class":94},[69,85183,12524],{"class":336},[69,85185,333],{"class":94},[69,85187,91],{"class":83},[69,85189,964],{"class":94},[69,85191,85192],{"class":336},"score",[69,85194,333],{"class":94},[69,85196,1044],{"class":83},[69,85198,13152],{"class":87},[69,85200,85201],{"class":83},"},\n",[69,85203,85204,85206,85208,85210,85212,85214,85216,85218,85220,85222,85224,85226,85228,85230,85232],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,85205,85171],{"class":83},[69,85207,333],{"class":94},[69,85209,7297],{"class":336},[69,85211,333],{"class":94},[69,85213,1044],{"class":83},[69,85215,964],{"class":94},[69,85217,35600],{"class":336},[69,85219,333],{"class":94},[69,85221,91],{"class":83},[69,85223,964],{"class":94},[69,85225,85192],{"class":336},[69,85227,333],{"class":94},[69,85229,1044],{"class":83},[69,85231,84793],{"class":87},[69,85233,85201],{"class":83},[69,85235,85236,85238,85240,85242,85244,85246,85248,85250,85252,85254,85256,85258,85260,85262,85264],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,85237,85171],{"class":83},[69,85239,333],{"class":94},[69,85241,7297],{"class":336},[69,85243,333],{"class":94},[69,85245,1044],{"class":83},[69,85247,964],{"class":94},[69,85249,35609],{"class":336},[69,85251,333],{"class":94},[69,85253,91],{"class":83},[69,85255,964],{"class":94},[69,85257,85192],{"class":336},[69,85259,333],{"class":94},[69,85261,1044],{"class":83},[69,85263,19548],{"class":87},[69,85265,8945],{"class":83},[69,85267,85268],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,85269,103],{"class":83},[69,85271,85272],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,85273,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,85275,85276,85279,85281,85284,85286,85289,85291,85293,85295,85297,85299,85301,85303,85305,85307,85309,85311],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,85277,85278],{"class":75},"lowest ",[69,85280,80],{"class":79},[69,85282,85283],{"class":109}," min",[69,85285,113],{"class":83},[69,85287,85288],{"class":121},"students",[69,85290,91],{"class":83},[69,85292,21230],{"class":8811},[69,85294,80],{"class":79},[69,85296,37321],{"class":1932},[69,85298,12550],{"class":37324},[69,85300,1044],{"class":83},[69,85302,12550],{"class":121},[69,85304,3739],{"class":83},[69,85306,333],{"class":94},[69,85308,85192],{"class":336},[69,85310,333],{"class":94},[69,85312,3727],{"class":83},[69,85314,85315,85317,85319,85322],{"class":71,"line":1269},[69,85316,110],{"class":109},[69,85318,113],{"class":83},[69,85320,85321],{"class":121},"lowest",[69,85323,221],{"class":83},[14,85325,643],{},[60,85327,85329],{"className":62,"code":85328,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'name': 'Ben', 'score': 72}\n",[17,85330,85331],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,85332,85333,85335,85337,85339,85341,85343,85345,85347,85349,85351,85353,85355,85357,85359,85361],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,85334,8914],{"class":83},[69,85336,488],{"class":94},[69,85338,7297],{"class":336},[69,85340,488],{"class":94},[69,85342,1044],{"class":83},[69,85344,3161],{"class":94},[69,85346,35600],{"class":336},[69,85348,488],{"class":94},[69,85350,91],{"class":83},[69,85352,3161],{"class":94},[69,85354,85192],{"class":336},[69,85356,488],{"class":94},[69,85358,1044],{"class":83},[69,85360,84793],{"class":87},[69,85362,8945],{"class":83},[14,85364,85365,85366,85369],{},"Here, Python compares the ",[17,85367,85368],{},"\"score\""," values, but it returns the full dictionary.",[141,85371,8050,85373,85375],{"id":85372},"using-default-with-empty-iterables",[17,85374,82608],{}," with empty iterables",[14,85377,85378],{},"An empty iterable has no smallest item, so this causes an error:",[60,85380,85382],{"className":62,"code":85381,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[17,85383,85384,85392],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,85385,85386,85388,85390],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,85387,801],{"class":75},[69,85389,80],{"class":79},[69,85391,7469],{"class":83},[69,85393,85394,85396,85398,85400,85402,85404],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,85395,110],{"class":109},[69,85397,113],{"class":83},[69,85399,84332],{"class":109},[69,85401,113],{"class":83},[69,85403,3512],{"class":121},[69,85405,342],{"class":83},[14,85407,643],{},[60,85409,85411],{"className":62,"code":85410,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"ValueError: min() arg is an empty sequence\n",[17,85412,85413],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,85414,85415,85417,85419,85421,85423,85425,85427],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,85416,40367],{"class":1126},[69,85418,1044],{"class":83},[69,85420,85283],{"class":109},[69,85422,6994],{"class":83},[69,85424,83578],{"class":75},[69,85426,11836],{"class":79},[69,85428,83583],{"class":75},[14,85430,85431,85432,1044],{},"To avoid that, use ",[17,85433,82608],{},[60,85435,85437],{"className":62,"code":85436,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=None))\n",[17,85438,85439,85447],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,85440,85441,85443,85445],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,85442,801],{"class":75},[69,85444,80],{"class":79},[69,85446,7469],{"class":83},[69,85448,85449,85451,85453,85455,85457,85459,85461,85463,85465,85467],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,85450,110],{"class":109},[69,85452,113],{"class":83},[69,85454,84332],{"class":109},[69,85456,113],{"class":83},[69,85458,3512],{"class":121},[69,85460,91],{"class":83},[69,85462,26176],{"class":8811},[69,85464,80],{"class":79},[69,85466,449],{"class":289},[69,85468,342],{"class":83},[14,85470,643],{},[60,85472,85473],{"className":62,"code":11450,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,85474,85475],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,85476,85477],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,85478,11450],{"class":289},[14,85480,85481],{},"This is helpful when your list may be empty and you want a safe fallback value.",[14,85483,85484],{},"Remember:",[30,85486,85487,85495],{},[33,85488,85489,85491,85492,85494],{},[17,85490,82608],{}," works only when ",[17,85493,83907],{}," gets one iterable argument",[33,85496,85497,85498],{},"It does not work with ",[17,85499,85500],{},"min(3, 5, default=0)",[14,85502,85503,85504,25],{},"If you want help with this error, see ",[192,85505,65511],{"href":72550},[141,85507,10383],{"id":10382},[14,85509,56445,85510,25],{},[17,85511,83907],{},[1369,85513,85515,85516],{"id":85514},"empty-list-without-default","Empty list without ",[17,85517,82608],{},[14,85519,2867,85520,1044],{},[17,85521,40367],{},[60,85523,85525],{"className":62,"code":85524,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = []\nprint(min(items))\n",[17,85526,85527,85535],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,85528,85529,85531,85533],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,85530,7409],{"class":75},[69,85532,80],{"class":79},[69,85534,7469],{"class":83},[69,85536,85537,85539,85541,85543,85545,85547],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,85538,110],{"class":109},[69,85540,113],{"class":83},[69,85542,84332],{"class":109},[69,85544,113],{"class":83},[69,85546,7440],{"class":121},[69,85548,342],{"class":83},[14,85550,85551],{},"Fix it by:",[30,85553,85554,85557],{},[33,85555,85556],{},"checking that the iterable is not empty first",[33,85558,85559,85560],{},"or using ",[17,85561,82608],{},[60,85563,85565],{"className":62,"code":85564,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = []\nprint(min(items, default=\"no items\"))\n",[17,85566,85567,85575],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,85568,85569,85571,85573],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,85570,7409],{"class":75},[69,85572,80],{"class":79},[69,85574,7469],{"class":83},[69,85576,85577,85579,85581,85583,85585,85587,85589,85591,85593,85595,85598,85600],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,85578,110],{"class":109},[69,85580,113],{"class":83},[69,85582,84332],{"class":109},[69,85584,113],{"class":83},[69,85586,7440],{"class":121},[69,85588,91],{"class":83},[69,85590,26176],{"class":8811},[69,85592,80],{"class":79},[69,85594,333],{"class":94},[69,85596,85597],{"class":336},"no items",[69,85599,333],{"class":94},[69,85601,342],{"class":83},[1369,85603,85605],{"id":85604},"mixed-types","Mixed types",[14,85607,85608],{},"In Python 3, values must usually be comparable to each other. This often fails:",[60,85610,85612],{"className":62,"code":85611,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nprint(min(data))\n",[17,85613,85614,85638],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,85615,85616,85618,85620,85622,85624,85626,85628,85630,85632,85634,85636],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,85617,8801],{"class":75},[69,85619,80],{"class":79},[69,85621,84],{"class":83},[69,85623,2197],{"class":87},[69,85625,91],{"class":83},[69,85627,964],{"class":94},[69,85629,15401],{"class":336},[69,85631,333],{"class":94},[69,85633,91],{"class":83},[69,85635,100],{"class":87},[69,85637,103],{"class":83},[69,85639,85640,85642,85644,85646,85648,85650],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,85641,110],{"class":109},[69,85643,113],{"class":83},[69,85645,84332],{"class":109},[69,85647,113],{"class":83},[69,85649,8840],{"class":121},[69,85651,342],{"class":83},[14,85653,643],{},[60,85655,85657],{"className":62,"code":85656,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"TypeError\n",[17,85658,85659],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,85660,85661],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,85662,85656],{"class":1126},[14,85664,85665],{},"That happens because Python cannot directly compare integers and strings here.",[14,85667,85668,85669,25],{},"A simple fix is to convert everything to the same type before calling ",[17,85670,83907],{},[60,85672,85674],{"className":62,"code":85673,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nnumbers = [int(x) for x in data]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[17,85675,85676,85700,85726],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,85677,85678,85680,85682,85684,85686,85688,85690,85692,85694,85696,85698],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,85679,8801],{"class":75},[69,85681,80],{"class":79},[69,85683,84],{"class":83},[69,85685,2197],{"class":87},[69,85687,91],{"class":83},[69,85689,964],{"class":94},[69,85691,15401],{"class":336},[69,85693,333],{"class":94},[69,85695,91],{"class":83},[69,85697,100],{"class":87},[69,85699,103],{"class":83},[69,85701,85702,85704,85706,85708,85710,85712,85714,85716,85718,85720,85722,85724],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,85703,801],{"class":75},[69,85705,80],{"class":79},[69,85707,84],{"class":83},[69,85709,2056],{"class":1126},[69,85711,113],{"class":83},[69,85713,2041],{"class":121},[69,85715,3525],{"class":83},[69,85717,857],{"class":773},[69,85719,860],{"class":75},[69,85721,780],{"class":773},[69,85723,14212],{"class":75},[69,85725,103],{"class":83},[69,85727,85728,85730,85732,85734,85736,85738],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,85729,110],{"class":109},[69,85731,113],{"class":83},[69,85733,84332],{"class":109},[69,85735,113],{"class":83},[69,85737,3512],{"class":121},[69,85739,342],{"class":83},[14,85741,643],{},[60,85743,85744],{"className":62,"code":2814,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,85745,85746],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,85747,85748],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,85749,2814],{"class":87},[14,85751,85752,85753,25],{},"For more help with type-related problems, see this guide to ",[17,85754,2870],{},[1369,85756,85758],{"id":85757},"string-comparisons-may-not-match-your-expectation","String comparisons may not match your expectation",[14,85760,85761],{},"If strings have mixed uppercase and lowercase letters, the result may not match normal dictionary order.",[60,85763,85765],{"className":62,"code":85764,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[17,85766,85767,85799],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,85768,85769,85771,85773,85775,85777,85779,85781,85783,85785,85787,85789,85791,85793,85795,85797],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,85770,943],{"class":75},[69,85772,80],{"class":79},[69,85774,84],{"class":83},[69,85776,333],{"class":94},[69,85778,79232],{"class":336},[69,85780,333],{"class":94},[69,85782,91],{"class":83},[69,85784,964],{"class":94},[69,85786,57438],{"class":336},[69,85788,333],{"class":94},[69,85790,91],{"class":83},[69,85792,964],{"class":94},[69,85794,79249],{"class":336},[69,85796,333],{"class":94},[69,85798,103],{"class":83},[69,85800,85801,85803,85805,85807,85809,85811],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,85802,110],{"class":109},[69,85804,113],{"class":83},[69,85806,84332],{"class":109},[69,85808,113],{"class":83},[69,85810,3947],{"class":121},[69,85812,342],{"class":83},[14,85814,643],{},[60,85816,85817],{"className":62,"code":85028,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,85818,85819],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,85820,85821],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,85822,85028],{"class":75},[14,85824,85825],{},"If needed, compare them in lowercase:",[60,85827,85829],{"className":62,"code":85828,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words, key=str.lower))\n",[17,85830,85831,85863],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,85832,85833,85835,85837,85839,85841,85843,85845,85847,85849,85851,85853,85855,85857,85859,85861],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,85834,943],{"class":75},[69,85836,80],{"class":79},[69,85838,84],{"class":83},[69,85840,333],{"class":94},[69,85842,79232],{"class":336},[69,85844,333],{"class":94},[69,85846,91],{"class":83},[69,85848,964],{"class":94},[69,85850,57438],{"class":336},[69,85852,333],{"class":94},[69,85854,91],{"class":83},[69,85856,964],{"class":94},[69,85858,79249],{"class":336},[69,85860,333],{"class":94},[69,85862,103],{"class":83},[69,85864,85865,85867,85869,85871,85873,85875,85877,85879,85881,85883,85885,85887],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,85866,110],{"class":109},[69,85868,113],{"class":83},[69,85870,84332],{"class":109},[69,85872,113],{"class":83},[69,85874,3947],{"class":121},[69,85876,91],{"class":83},[69,85878,21230],{"class":8811},[69,85880,80],{"class":79},[69,85882,3309],{"class":1126},[69,85884,25],{"class":83},[69,85886,8274],{"class":24402},[69,85888,342],{"class":83},[14,85890,643],{},[60,85892,85893],{"className":62,"code":85028,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,85894,85895],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,85896,85897],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,85898,85028],{"class":75},[14,85900,85901],{},"Here Python compares using lowercase versions, but still returns the original string.",[141,85903,4788,85905],{"id":85904},"when-to-use-min",[17,85906,83907],{},[14,85908,132,85909,10239],{},[17,85910,83907],{},[30,85912,85913,85916,85921],{},[33,85914,85915],{},"you need the smallest item quickly",[33,85917,85918,85919],{},"you want to compare values with a custom rule using ",[17,85920,14487],{},[33,85922,85923],{},"you want one result, not a full sorted list",[14,85925,132,85926,85930],{},[192,85927,85928],{"href":74193},[17,85929,74096],{}," if you need all items in order.",[14,85932,132,85933,85938],{},[192,85934,85936],{"href":85935},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained\u002F",[17,85937,82253],{}," if you want the largest item instead.",[141,85940,2698],{"id":2697},[14,85942,83912],{},[30,85944,85945,85953,85956,85961,85968],{},[33,85946,85947,85948,85950,85951],{},"Passing an empty list or tuple to ",[17,85949,83907],{}," without using ",[17,85952,82608],{},[33,85954,85955],{},"Mixing incompatible types such as integers and strings",[33,85957,8086,85958,85960],{},[17,85959,83907],{}," on strings to ignore uppercase and lowercase differences",[33,85962,4530,85963,85965,85966,85069],{},[17,85964,14487],{}," affects comparison but ",[17,85967,83907],{},[33,85969,8050,85970,85972],{},[17,85971,82608],{}," in the wrong syntax form with multiple separate arguments",[14,85974,85975,85976,85978],{},"If you are debugging code that uses ",[17,85977,83907],{},", these quick checks can help:",[60,85980,85982],{"className":62,"code":85981,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(len(data))\nprint(min(data))\nprint(min(data, default=None))\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[17,85983,85984,85998,86008,86022,86036,86058],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,85985,85986,85988,85990,85992,85994,85996],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,85987,110],{"class":109},[69,85989,113],{"class":83},[69,85991,3087],{"class":1126},[69,85993,113],{"class":83},[69,85995,8840],{"class":121},[69,85997,342],{"class":83},[69,85999,86000,86002,86004,86006],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,86001,110],{"class":109},[69,86003,113],{"class":83},[69,86005,8840],{"class":121},[69,86007,221],{"class":83},[69,86009,86010,86012,86014,86016,86018,86020],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,86011,110],{"class":109},[69,86013,113],{"class":83},[69,86015,10801],{"class":109},[69,86017,113],{"class":83},[69,86019,8840],{"class":121},[69,86021,342],{"class":83},[69,86023,86024,86026,86028,86030,86032,86034],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,86025,110],{"class":109},[69,86027,113],{"class":83},[69,86029,84332],{"class":109},[69,86031,113],{"class":83},[69,86033,8840],{"class":121},[69,86035,342],{"class":83},[69,86037,86038,86040,86042,86044,86046,86048,86050,86052,86054,86056],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,86039,110],{"class":109},[69,86041,113],{"class":83},[69,86043,84332],{"class":109},[69,86045,113],{"class":83},[69,86047,8840],{"class":121},[69,86049,91],{"class":83},[69,86051,26176],{"class":8811},[69,86053,80],{"class":79},[69,86055,449],{"class":289},[69,86057,342],{"class":83},[69,86059,86060,86062,86064,86066,86068,86070,86072,86074,86076,86078],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,86061,110],{"class":109},[69,86063,113],{"class":83},[69,86065,84332],{"class":109},[69,86067,113],{"class":83},[69,86069,3947],{"class":121},[69,86071,91],{"class":83},[69,86073,21230],{"class":8811},[69,86075,80],{"class":79},[69,86077,10801],{"class":109},[69,86079,342],{"class":83},[14,86081,86082,86083,86086,86087,86089],{},"Use them carefully. For example, ",[17,86084,86085],{},"print(min(data))"," will still fail if ",[17,86088,8840],{}," is empty or contains incompatible types.",[141,86091,1651],{"id":1650},[1369,86093,4969,86095,4972],{"id":86094},"what-does-min-return-in-python",[17,86096,83907],{},[14,86098,86099],{},"It returns the smallest item from an iterable, or the smallest value from multiple arguments.",[1369,86101,4996,86103,84088],{"id":86102},"can-min-work-with-strings",[17,86104,83907],{},[14,86106,86107],{},"Yes. It compares strings using character order, which is similar to alphabetical order but affected by letter case.",[1369,86109,71318],{"id":71317},[14,86111,86112,52163,86114,84100,86116,36282],{},[17,86113,83907],{},[17,86115,40367],{},[17,86117,82608],{},[1369,86119,4969,86121,86123,86124,2359],{"id":86120},"what-does-key-do-in-min",[17,86122,14487],{}," do in ",[17,86125,83907],{},[14,86127,86128,86130,86131,86133],{},[17,86129,14487],{}," tells Python how to compare items. For example, ",[17,86132,83161],{}," compares strings by length.",[1369,86135,5006,86137,587,86139,2359],{"id":86136},"what-is-the-difference-between-min-and-sorted",[17,86138,83907],{},[17,86140,74096],{},[14,86142,86143,86145,86146,86148],{},[17,86144,83907],{}," returns only the smallest item. ",[17,86147,74096],{}," returns a new sorted list of all items.",[141,86150,1771],{"id":1770},[30,86152,86153,86159,86165,86171,86175,86179],{},[33,86154,86155],{},[192,86156,86157,1780],{"href":85935},[17,86158,82253],{},[33,86160,86161],{},[192,86162,86163,1780],{"href":74193},[17,86164,74096],{},[33,86166,86167],{},[192,86168,86169,1780],{"href":42022},[17,86170,42025],{},[33,86172,86173],{},[192,86174,79545],{"href":78048},[33,86176,86177],{},[192,86178,58626],{"href":58625},[33,86180,86181],{},[192,86182,65511],{"href":72550},[1802,86184,86185],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":86187},[86188,86189,86191,86197,86199,86201,86206,86208,86214,86216,86217,86228],{"id":1869,"depth":106,"text":1870},{"id":84391,"depth":106,"text":86190},"What min() does",{"id":84412,"depth":106,"text":84413,"children":86192},[86193,86194,86195,86196],{"id":84497,"depth":300,"text":84500},{"id":84559,"depth":300,"text":84562},{"id":84609,"depth":300,"text":84612},{"id":84703,"depth":300,"text":84706},{"id":84765,"depth":106,"text":86198},"Using min() with numbers",{"id":84900,"depth":106,"text":86200},"Using min() with strings",{"id":85047,"depth":106,"text":86202,"children":86203},"Using min() with a key function",[86204,86205],{"id":85075,"depth":300,"text":85076},{"id":85150,"depth":300,"text":85151},{"id":85372,"depth":106,"text":86207},"Using default with empty iterables",{"id":10382,"depth":106,"text":10383,"children":86209},[86210,86212,86213],{"id":85514,"depth":300,"text":86211},"Empty list without default",{"id":85604,"depth":300,"text":85605},{"id":85757,"depth":300,"text":85758},{"id":85904,"depth":106,"text":86215},"When to use min()",{"id":2697,"depth":106,"text":2698},{"id":1650,"depth":106,"text":1651,"children":86218},[86219,86221,86223,86224,86226],{"id":86094,"depth":300,"text":86220},"What does min() return in Python?",{"id":86102,"depth":300,"text":86222},"Can min() work with strings?",{"id":71317,"depth":300,"text":71318},{"id":86120,"depth":300,"text":86225},"What does key do in min()?",{"id":86136,"depth":300,"text":86227},"What is the difference between min() and sorted()?",{"id":1770,"depth":106,"text":1771},"Master python min function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained",{"title":84274,"description":86229},"reference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained","VRpvwOyAjT3zttFenYN7xvkjWchE8ws8iWzCuhgc8Cs",{"id":86236,"title":86237,"body":86238,"description":88417,"extension":1828,"meta":88418,"navigation":833,"path":88419,"seo":88420,"stem":88421,"__hash__":88422},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained.md","Python open() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":86239,"toc":88381},[86240,86243,86249,86255,86257,86338,86347,86351,86356,86358,86403,86405,86485,86491,86493,86496,86528,86530,86548,86550,86623,86625,86644,86648,86651,86687,86689,86756,86830,86903,86908,86912,86918,86921,86938,86941,86943,87004,87006,87026,87032,87036,87039,87109,87112,87131,87136,87212,87215,87219,87225,87229,87234,87304,87308,87313,87387,87391,87394,87469,87480,87484,87489,87579,87584,87652,87655,87674,87685,87689,87692,87697,87700,87762,87765,87776,87781,87784,87787,87792,87795,87798,87802,87805,87811,87814,87825,87827,87889,87904,87910,87913,87916,87927,87938,87944,87947,87949,88011,88021,88027,88032,88038,88042,88048,88051,88072,88074,88079,88106,88109,88136,88139,88178,88181,88219,88222,88283,88286,88288,88292,88295,88299,88305,88313,88321,88325,88328,88332,88338,88340,88378],[10,86241,86237],{"id":86242},"python-open-function-explained",[14,86244,86245,86248],{},[17,86246,86247],{},"open()"," is the built-in Python function used to open a file so your program can read from it or write to it.",[14,86250,86251,86252,86254],{},"This page is a beginner-friendly reference for ",[17,86253,86247],{},". You will learn what it does, the most common arguments, what it returns, and how to use it safely when working with files.",[141,86256,1870],{"id":1869},[60,86258,86260],{"className":62,"code":86259,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    content = file.read()\n    print(content)\n",[17,86261,86262,86311,86327],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,86263,86264,86267,86270,86272,86274,86277,86279,86281,86283,86285,86287,86289,86292,86294,86296,86299,86301,86303,86305,86309],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,86265,86266],{"class":773},"with",[69,86268,86269],{"class":109}," open",[69,86271,113],{"class":83},[69,86273,333],{"class":94},[69,86275,86276],{"class":336},"example.txt",[69,86278,333],{"class":94},[69,86280,91],{"class":83},[69,86282,964],{"class":94},[69,86284,60176],{"class":336},[69,86286,333],{"class":94},[69,86288,91],{"class":83},[69,86290,86291],{"class":8811}," encoding",[69,86293,80],{"class":79},[69,86295,333],{"class":94},[69,86297,86298],{"class":336},"utf-8",[69,86300,333],{"class":94},[69,86302,3525],{"class":83},[69,86304,47024],{"class":773},[69,86306,86308],{"class":86307},"sMMDD"," file",[69,86310,1235],{"class":83},[69,86312,86313,86316,86318,86320,86322,86325],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,86314,86315],{"class":75},"    content ",[69,86317,80],{"class":79},[69,86319,86308],{"class":86307},[69,86321,25],{"class":83},[69,86323,86324],{"class":121},"read",[69,86326,8277],{"class":83},[69,86328,86329,86331,86333,86336],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,86330,7700],{"class":109},[69,86332,113],{"class":83},[69,86334,86335],{"class":121},"content",[69,86337,221],{"class":83},[14,86339,132,86340,86342,86343,86346],{},[17,86341,86266],{}," so the file closes automatically. ",[17,86344,86345],{},"\"r\""," means read mode.",[141,86348,86350],{"id":86349},"what-open-does","What open() does",[14,86352,86353,86355],{},[17,86354,86247],{}," opens a file and gives your program a way to work with it.",[14,86357,11099],{},[30,86359,86360,86363,86368,86373],{},[33,86361,86362],{},"It opens a file so your code can read from it or write to it",[33,86364,40569,86365,86367],{},[22,86366,4457],{}," read or write anything by itself",[33,86369,17070,86370],{},[22,86371,86372],{},"file object",[33,86374,86375,86376],{},"You use methods on that file object, such as:\n",[30,86377,86378,86383,86388,86393,86398],{},[33,86379,86380],{},[17,86381,86382],{},"read()",[33,86384,86385],{},[17,86386,86387],{},"readline()",[33,86389,86390],{},[17,86391,86392],{},"readlines()",[33,86394,86395],{},[17,86396,86397],{},"write()",[33,86399,86400],{},[17,86401,86402],{},"close()",[14,86404,2076],{},[60,86406,86408],{"className":62,"code":86407,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"file = open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\")\ncontent = file.read()\nprint(content)\nfile.close()\n",[17,86409,86410,86449,86464,86474],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,86411,86412,86415,86417,86419,86421,86423,86425,86427,86429,86431,86433,86435,86437,86439,86441,86443,86445,86447],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,86413,86414],{"class":86307},"file",[69,86416,12921],{"class":79},[69,86418,86269],{"class":109},[69,86420,113],{"class":83},[69,86422,333],{"class":94},[69,86424,86276],{"class":336},[69,86426,333],{"class":94},[69,86428,91],{"class":83},[69,86430,964],{"class":94},[69,86432,60176],{"class":336},[69,86434,333],{"class":94},[69,86436,91],{"class":83},[69,86438,86291],{"class":8811},[69,86440,80],{"class":79},[69,86442,333],{"class":94},[69,86444,86298],{"class":336},[69,86446,333],{"class":94},[69,86448,221],{"class":83},[69,86450,86451,86454,86456,86458,86460,86462],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,86452,86453],{"class":75},"content ",[69,86455,80],{"class":79},[69,86457,86308],{"class":86307},[69,86459,25],{"class":83},[69,86461,86324],{"class":121},[69,86463,8277],{"class":83},[69,86465,86466,86468,86470,86472],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,86467,110],{"class":109},[69,86469,113],{"class":83},[69,86471,86335],{"class":121},[69,86473,221],{"class":83},[69,86475,86476,86478,86480,86483],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,86477,86414],{"class":86307},[69,86479,25],{"class":83},[69,86481,86482],{"class":121},"close",[69,86484,8277],{"class":83},[14,86486,86487,86488,86490],{},"This works, but in most cases you should use ",[17,86489,86266],{}," instead, because it closes the file for you automatically.",[141,86492,2024],{"id":2023},[14,86494,86495],{},"A common form is:",[60,86497,86499],{"className":62,"code":86498,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"open(file, mode, encoding=\"utf-8\")\n",[17,86500,86501],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,86502,86503,86505,86507,86509,86511,86514,86516,86518,86520,86522,86524,86526],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,86504,42091],{"class":109},[69,86506,113],{"class":83},[69,86508,86414],{"class":86307},[69,86510,91],{"class":83},[69,86512,86513],{"class":121}," mode",[69,86515,91],{"class":83},[69,86517,86291],{"class":8811},[69,86519,80],{"class":79},[69,86521,333],{"class":94},[69,86523,86298],{"class":336},[69,86525,333],{"class":94},[69,86527,221],{"class":83},[14,86529,64717],{},[30,86531,86532,86537,86542],{},[33,86533,86534,86536],{},[17,86535,86414],{}," is the file name or file path",[33,86538,86539,86541],{},[17,86540,20569],{}," controls how the file is opened",[33,86543,86544,86547],{},[17,86545,86546],{},"encoding"," matters when you are working with text files",[14,86549,2076],{},[60,86551,86553],{"className":62,"code":86552,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"with open(\"notes.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    text = file.read()\n    print(text)\n",[17,86554,86555,86598,86613],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,86556,86557,86559,86561,86563,86565,86568,86570,86572,86574,86576,86578,86580,86582,86584,86586,86588,86590,86592,86594,86596],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,86558,86266],{"class":773},[69,86560,86269],{"class":109},[69,86562,113],{"class":83},[69,86564,333],{"class":94},[69,86566,86567],{"class":336},"notes.txt",[69,86569,333],{"class":94},[69,86571,91],{"class":83},[69,86573,964],{"class":94},[69,86575,60176],{"class":336},[69,86577,333],{"class":94},[69,86579,91],{"class":83},[69,86581,86291],{"class":8811},[69,86583,80],{"class":79},[69,86585,333],{"class":94},[69,86587,86298],{"class":336},[69,86589,333],{"class":94},[69,86591,3525],{"class":83},[69,86593,47024],{"class":773},[69,86595,86308],{"class":86307},[69,86597,1235],{"class":83},[69,86599,86600,86603,86605,86607,86609,86611],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,86601,86602],{"class":75},"    text ",[69,86604,80],{"class":79},[69,86606,86308],{"class":86307},[69,86608,25],{"class":83},[69,86610,86324],{"class":121},[69,86612,8277],{"class":83},[69,86614,86615,86617,86619,86621],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,86616,7700],{"class":109},[69,86618,113],{"class":83},[69,86620,34366],{"class":121},[69,86622,221],{"class":83},[14,86624,19607],{},[30,86626,86627,86633,86638],{},[33,86628,86629,86632],{},[17,86630,86631],{},"\"notes.txt\""," is the file name",[33,86634,86635,86637],{},[17,86636,86345],{}," means open for reading",[33,86639,86640,86643],{},[17,86641,86642],{},"encoding=\"utf-8\""," tells Python how to decode the text",[141,86645,86647],{"id":86646},"common-file-modes","Common file modes",[14,86649,86650],{},"These are the modes beginners use most often:",[30,86652,86653,86658,86664,86669,86675,86681],{},[33,86654,86655,86657],{},[17,86656,86345],{}," = read a text file",[33,86659,86660,86663],{},[17,86661,86662],{},"\"w\""," = write a text file and replace existing content",[33,86665,86666,86668],{},[17,86667,17745],{}," = append text to the end of a file",[33,86670,86671,86674],{},[17,86672,86673],{},"\"x\""," = create a new file and fail if it already exists",[33,86676,86677,86680],{},[17,86678,86679],{},"\"rb\""," = read a binary file",[33,86682,86683,86686],{},[17,86684,86685],{},"\"wb\""," = write a binary file",[14,86688,1992],{},[60,86690,86692],{"className":62,"code":86691,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"# Read a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[17,86693,86694,86699,86742],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,86695,86696],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,86697,86698],{"class":128},"# Read a text file\n",[69,86700,86701,86703,86705,86707,86709,86712,86714,86716,86718,86720,86722,86724,86726,86728,86730,86732,86734,86736,86738,86740],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,86702,86266],{"class":773},[69,86704,86269],{"class":109},[69,86706,113],{"class":83},[69,86708,333],{"class":94},[69,86710,86711],{"class":336},"data.txt",[69,86713,333],{"class":94},[69,86715,91],{"class":83},[69,86717,964],{"class":94},[69,86719,60176],{"class":336},[69,86721,333],{"class":94},[69,86723,91],{"class":83},[69,86725,86291],{"class":8811},[69,86727,80],{"class":79},[69,86729,333],{"class":94},[69,86731,86298],{"class":336},[69,86733,333],{"class":94},[69,86735,3525],{"class":83},[69,86737,47024],{"class":773},[69,86739,86308],{"class":86307},[69,86741,1235],{"class":83},[69,86743,86744,86746,86748,86750,86752,86754],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,86745,7700],{"class":109},[69,86747,113],{"class":83},[69,86749,86414],{"class":86307},[69,86751,25],{"class":83},[69,86753,86324],{"class":121},[69,86755,6822],{"class":83},[60,86757,86759],{"className":62,"code":86758,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Hello\\n\")\n",[17,86760,86761,86766,86808],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,86762,86763],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,86764,86765],{"class":128},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\n",[69,86767,86768,86770,86772,86774,86776,86778,86780,86782,86784,86786,86788,86790,86792,86794,86796,86798,86800,86802,86804,86806],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,86769,86266],{"class":773},[69,86771,86269],{"class":109},[69,86773,113],{"class":83},[69,86775,333],{"class":94},[69,86777,86711],{"class":336},[69,86779,333],{"class":94},[69,86781,91],{"class":83},[69,86783,964],{"class":94},[69,86785,60159],{"class":336},[69,86787,333],{"class":94},[69,86789,91],{"class":83},[69,86791,86291],{"class":8811},[69,86793,80],{"class":79},[69,86795,333],{"class":94},[69,86797,86298],{"class":336},[69,86799,333],{"class":94},[69,86801,3525],{"class":83},[69,86803,47024],{"class":773},[69,86805,86308],{"class":86307},[69,86807,1235],{"class":83},[69,86809,86810,86813,86815,86817,86819,86821,86823,86826,86828],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,86811,86812],{"class":86307},"    file",[69,86814,25],{"class":83},[69,86816,69867],{"class":121},[69,86818,113],{"class":83},[69,86820,333],{"class":94},[69,86822,34525],{"class":336},[69,86824,86825],{"class":34110},"\\n",[69,86827,333],{"class":94},[69,86829,221],{"class":83},[60,86831,86833],{"className":62,"code":86832,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"# Append to a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Another line\\n\")\n",[17,86834,86835,86840,86882],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,86836,86837],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,86838,86839],{"class":128},"# Append to a text file\n",[69,86841,86842,86844,86846,86848,86850,86852,86854,86856,86858,86860,86862,86864,86866,86868,86870,86872,86874,86876,86878,86880],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,86843,86266],{"class":773},[69,86845,86269],{"class":109},[69,86847,113],{"class":83},[69,86849,333],{"class":94},[69,86851,86711],{"class":336},[69,86853,333],{"class":94},[69,86855,91],{"class":83},[69,86857,964],{"class":94},[69,86859,192],{"class":336},[69,86861,333],{"class":94},[69,86863,91],{"class":83},[69,86865,86291],{"class":8811},[69,86867,80],{"class":79},[69,86869,333],{"class":94},[69,86871,86298],{"class":336},[69,86873,333],{"class":94},[69,86875,3525],{"class":83},[69,86877,47024],{"class":773},[69,86879,86308],{"class":86307},[69,86881,1235],{"class":83},[69,86883,86884,86886,86888,86890,86892,86894,86897,86899,86901],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,86885,86812],{"class":86307},[69,86887,25],{"class":83},[69,86889,69867],{"class":121},[69,86891,113],{"class":83},[69,86893,333],{"class":94},[69,86895,86896],{"class":336},"Another line",[69,86898,86825],{"class":34110},[69,86900,333],{"class":94},[69,86902,221],{"class":83},[14,86904,69019,86905,86907],{},[17,86906,86662],{}," mode. If the file already exists, its old contents are removed.",[141,86909,86911],{"id":86910},"what-open-returns","What open() returns",[14,86913,86914,21626,86916,25],{},[17,86915,86247],{},[22,86917,86372],{},[14,86919,86920],{},"A file object is the thing you actually use to work with the file. It gives you methods like:",[30,86922,86923,86928,86933],{},[33,86924,86925],{},[17,86926,86927],{},"file.read()",[33,86929,86930],{},[17,86931,86932],{},"file.write()",[33,86934,86935],{},[17,86936,86937],{},"file.close()",[14,86939,86940],{},"It also keeps track of the current position in the file.",[14,86942,2076],{},[60,86944,86946],{"className":62,"code":86945,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(type(file))\n",[17,86947,86948,86990],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,86949,86950,86952,86954,86956,86958,86960,86962,86964,86966,86968,86970,86972,86974,86976,86978,86980,86982,86984,86986,86988],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,86951,86266],{"class":773},[69,86953,86269],{"class":109},[69,86955,113],{"class":83},[69,86957,333],{"class":94},[69,86959,86276],{"class":336},[69,86961,333],{"class":94},[69,86963,91],{"class":83},[69,86965,964],{"class":94},[69,86967,60176],{"class":336},[69,86969,333],{"class":94},[69,86971,91],{"class":83},[69,86973,86291],{"class":8811},[69,86975,80],{"class":79},[69,86977,333],{"class":94},[69,86979,86298],{"class":336},[69,86981,333],{"class":94},[69,86983,3525],{"class":83},[69,86985,47024],{"class":773},[69,86987,86308],{"class":86307},[69,86989,1235],{"class":83},[69,86991,86992,86994,86996,86998,87000,87002],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,86993,7700],{"class":109},[69,86995,113],{"class":83},[69,86997,3087],{"class":1126},[69,86999,113],{"class":83},[69,87001,86414],{"class":86307},[69,87003,342],{"class":83},[14,87005,29684],{},[60,87007,87009],{"className":62,"code":87008,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"\u003Cclass '_io.TextIOWrapper'>\n",[17,87010,87011],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,87012,87013,87015,87017,87019,87022,87024],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,87014,852],{"class":79},[69,87016,3158],{"class":1932},[69,87018,3161],{"class":94},[69,87020,87021],{"class":336},"_io.TextIOWrapper",[69,87023,488],{"class":94},[69,87025,3168],{"class":79},[14,87027,87028,87029,87031],{},"You do not need to memorize that type name. The important idea is that ",[17,87030,86247],{}," gives you an object that knows how to interact with the file.",[141,87033,87035],{"id":87034},"why-beginners-should-use-with","Why beginners should use with",[14,87037,87038],{},"Beginners should usually write file code like this:",[60,87040,87041],{"className":62,"code":86259,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,87042,87043,87085,87099],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,87044,87045,87047,87049,87051,87053,87055,87057,87059,87061,87063,87065,87067,87069,87071,87073,87075,87077,87079,87081,87083],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,87046,86266],{"class":773},[69,87048,86269],{"class":109},[69,87050,113],{"class":83},[69,87052,333],{"class":94},[69,87054,86276],{"class":336},[69,87056,333],{"class":94},[69,87058,91],{"class":83},[69,87060,964],{"class":94},[69,87062,60176],{"class":336},[69,87064,333],{"class":94},[69,87066,91],{"class":83},[69,87068,86291],{"class":8811},[69,87070,80],{"class":79},[69,87072,333],{"class":94},[69,87074,86298],{"class":336},[69,87076,333],{"class":94},[69,87078,3525],{"class":83},[69,87080,47024],{"class":773},[69,87082,86308],{"class":86307},[69,87084,1235],{"class":83},[69,87086,87087,87089,87091,87093,87095,87097],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,87088,86315],{"class":75},[69,87090,80],{"class":79},[69,87092,86308],{"class":86307},[69,87094,25],{"class":83},[69,87096,86324],{"class":121},[69,87098,8277],{"class":83},[69,87100,87101,87103,87105,87107],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,87102,7700],{"class":109},[69,87104,113],{"class":83},[69,87106,86335],{"class":121},[69,87108,221],{"class":83},[14,87110,87111],{},"Why this is recommended:",[30,87113,87114,87119,87125,87128],{},[33,87115,87116,87118],{},[17,87117,86266],{}," automatically closes the file when the block ends",[33,87120,87121,87122,87124],{},"It is safer than calling ",[17,87123,86402],{}," yourself",[33,87126,87127],{},"It helps prevent bugs caused by leaving files open",[33,87129,87130],{},"It is the standard pattern you will see in most Python code",[14,87132,83424,87133,87135],{},[17,87134,86266],{},", you must remember to close the file yourself:",[60,87137,87138],{"className":62,"code":86407,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,87139,87140,87178,87192,87202],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,87141,87142,87144,87146,87148,87150,87152,87154,87156,87158,87160,87162,87164,87166,87168,87170,87172,87174,87176],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,87143,86414],{"class":86307},[69,87145,12921],{"class":79},[69,87147,86269],{"class":109},[69,87149,113],{"class":83},[69,87151,333],{"class":94},[69,87153,86276],{"class":336},[69,87155,333],{"class":94},[69,87157,91],{"class":83},[69,87159,964],{"class":94},[69,87161,60176],{"class":336},[69,87163,333],{"class":94},[69,87165,91],{"class":83},[69,87167,86291],{"class":8811},[69,87169,80],{"class":79},[69,87171,333],{"class":94},[69,87173,86298],{"class":336},[69,87175,333],{"class":94},[69,87177,221],{"class":83},[69,87179,87180,87182,87184,87186,87188,87190],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,87181,86453],{"class":75},[69,87183,80],{"class":79},[69,87185,86308],{"class":86307},[69,87187,25],{"class":83},[69,87189,86324],{"class":121},[69,87191,8277],{"class":83},[69,87193,87194,87196,87198,87200],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,87195,110],{"class":109},[69,87197,113],{"class":83},[69,87199,86335],{"class":121},[69,87201,221],{"class":83},[69,87203,87204,87206,87208,87210],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,87205,86414],{"class":86307},[69,87207,25],{"class":83},[69,87209,86482],{"class":121},[69,87211,8277],{"class":83},[14,87213,87214],{},"That version is easier to get wrong.",[141,87216,87218],{"id":87217},"reading-text-with-open","Reading text with open()",[14,87220,87221,87222,87224],{},"Use mode ",[17,87223,86345],{}," when you want to read a text file.",[1369,87226,87228],{"id":87227},"read-the-whole-file","Read the whole file",[14,87230,87231,87233],{},[17,87232,86382],{}," returns the full contents as one string.",[60,87235,87236],{"className":62,"code":86259,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,87237,87238,87280,87294],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,87239,87240,87242,87244,87246,87248,87250,87252,87254,87256,87258,87260,87262,87264,87266,87268,87270,87272,87274,87276,87278],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,87241,86266],{"class":773},[69,87243,86269],{"class":109},[69,87245,113],{"class":83},[69,87247,333],{"class":94},[69,87249,86276],{"class":336},[69,87251,333],{"class":94},[69,87253,91],{"class":83},[69,87255,964],{"class":94},[69,87257,60176],{"class":336},[69,87259,333],{"class":94},[69,87261,91],{"class":83},[69,87263,86291],{"class":8811},[69,87265,80],{"class":79},[69,87267,333],{"class":94},[69,87269,86298],{"class":336},[69,87271,333],{"class":94},[69,87273,3525],{"class":83},[69,87275,47024],{"class":773},[69,87277,86308],{"class":86307},[69,87279,1235],{"class":83},[69,87281,87282,87284,87286,87288,87290,87292],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,87283,86315],{"class":75},[69,87285,80],{"class":79},[69,87287,86308],{"class":86307},[69,87289,25],{"class":83},[69,87291,86324],{"class":121},[69,87293,8277],{"class":83},[69,87295,87296,87298,87300,87302],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,87297,7700],{"class":109},[69,87299,113],{"class":83},[69,87301,86335],{"class":121},[69,87303,221],{"class":83},[1369,87305,87307],{"id":87306},"read-one-line","Read one line",[14,87309,87310,87312],{},[17,87311,86387],{}," reads one line at a time.",[60,87314,87316],{"className":62,"code":87315,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    first_line = file.readline()\n    print(first_line)\n",[17,87317,87318,87360,87376],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,87319,87320,87322,87324,87326,87328,87330,87332,87334,87336,87338,87340,87342,87344,87346,87348,87350,87352,87354,87356,87358],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,87321,86266],{"class":773},[69,87323,86269],{"class":109},[69,87325,113],{"class":83},[69,87327,333],{"class":94},[69,87329,86276],{"class":336},[69,87331,333],{"class":94},[69,87333,91],{"class":83},[69,87335,964],{"class":94},[69,87337,60176],{"class":336},[69,87339,333],{"class":94},[69,87341,91],{"class":83},[69,87343,86291],{"class":8811},[69,87345,80],{"class":79},[69,87347,333],{"class":94},[69,87349,86298],{"class":336},[69,87351,333],{"class":94},[69,87353,3525],{"class":83},[69,87355,47024],{"class":773},[69,87357,86308],{"class":86307},[69,87359,1235],{"class":83},[69,87361,87362,87365,87367,87369,87371,87374],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,87363,87364],{"class":75},"    first_line ",[69,87366,80],{"class":79},[69,87368,86308],{"class":86307},[69,87370,25],{"class":83},[69,87372,87373],{"class":121},"readline",[69,87375,8277],{"class":83},[69,87377,87378,87380,87382,87385],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,87379,7700],{"class":109},[69,87381,113],{"class":83},[69,87383,87384],{"class":121},"first_line",[69,87386,221],{"class":83},[1369,87388,87390],{"id":87389},"loop-over-the-file-line-by-line","Loop over the file line by line",[14,87392,87393],{},"This is often the best choice for larger files.",[60,87395,87397],{"className":62,"code":87396,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    for line in file:\n        print(line.strip())\n",[17,87398,87399,87441,87455],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,87400,87401,87403,87405,87407,87409,87411,87413,87415,87417,87419,87421,87423,87425,87427,87429,87431,87433,87435,87437,87439],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,87402,86266],{"class":773},[69,87404,86269],{"class":109},[69,87406,113],{"class":83},[69,87408,333],{"class":94},[69,87410,86276],{"class":336},[69,87412,333],{"class":94},[69,87414,91],{"class":83},[69,87416,964],{"class":94},[69,87418,60176],{"class":336},[69,87420,333],{"class":94},[69,87422,91],{"class":83},[69,87424,86291],{"class":8811},[69,87426,80],{"class":79},[69,87428,333],{"class":94},[69,87430,86298],{"class":336},[69,87432,333],{"class":94},[69,87434,3525],{"class":83},[69,87436,47024],{"class":773},[69,87438,86308],{"class":86307},[69,87440,1235],{"class":83},[69,87442,87443,87446,87449,87451,87453],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,87444,87445],{"class":773},"    for",[69,87447,87448],{"class":75}," line ",[69,87450,780],{"class":773},[69,87452,86308],{"class":86307},[69,87454,1235],{"class":83},[69,87456,87457,87459,87461,87463,87465,87467],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,87458,47004],{"class":109},[69,87460,113],{"class":83},[69,87462,71],{"class":121},[69,87464,25],{"class":83},[69,87466,8268],{"class":121},[69,87468,6822],{"class":83},[14,87470,87471,87472,54,87476,25],{},"If you want a full beginner walkthrough, see ",[192,87473,87475],{"href":87474},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File in Python",[192,87477,87479],{"href":87478},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-line-by-line-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File Line by Line in Python",[141,87481,87483],{"id":87482},"writing-text-with-open","Writing text with open()",[14,87485,132,87486,87488],{},[17,87487,86662],{}," to create a file or overwrite an existing file.",[60,87490,87492],{"className":62,"code":87491,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"First line\\n\")\n    file.write(\"Second line\\n\")\n",[17,87493,87494,87537,87558],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,87495,87496,87498,87500,87502,87504,87507,87509,87511,87513,87515,87517,87519,87521,87523,87525,87527,87529,87531,87533,87535],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,87497,86266],{"class":773},[69,87499,86269],{"class":109},[69,87501,113],{"class":83},[69,87503,333],{"class":94},[69,87505,87506],{"class":336},"output.txt",[69,87508,333],{"class":94},[69,87510,91],{"class":83},[69,87512,964],{"class":94},[69,87514,60159],{"class":336},[69,87516,333],{"class":94},[69,87518,91],{"class":83},[69,87520,86291],{"class":8811},[69,87522,80],{"class":79},[69,87524,333],{"class":94},[69,87526,86298],{"class":336},[69,87528,333],{"class":94},[69,87530,3525],{"class":83},[69,87532,47024],{"class":773},[69,87534,86308],{"class":86307},[69,87536,1235],{"class":83},[69,87538,87539,87541,87543,87545,87547,87549,87552,87554,87556],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,87540,86812],{"class":86307},[69,87542,25],{"class":83},[69,87544,69867],{"class":121},[69,87546,113],{"class":83},[69,87548,333],{"class":94},[69,87550,87551],{"class":336},"First line",[69,87553,86825],{"class":34110},[69,87555,333],{"class":94},[69,87557,221],{"class":83},[69,87559,87560,87562,87564,87566,87568,87570,87573,87575,87577],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,87561,86812],{"class":86307},[69,87563,25],{"class":83},[69,87565,69867],{"class":121},[69,87567,113],{"class":83},[69,87569,333],{"class":94},[69,87571,87572],{"class":336},"Second line",[69,87574,86825],{"class":34110},[69,87576,333],{"class":94},[69,87578,221],{"class":83},[14,87580,132,87581,87583],{},[17,87582,17745],{}," if you want to add content without deleting what is already there.",[60,87585,87587],{"className":62,"code":87586,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Third line\\n\")\n",[17,87588,87589,87631],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,87590,87591,87593,87595,87597,87599,87601,87603,87605,87607,87609,87611,87613,87615,87617,87619,87621,87623,87625,87627,87629],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,87592,86266],{"class":773},[69,87594,86269],{"class":109},[69,87596,113],{"class":83},[69,87598,333],{"class":94},[69,87600,87506],{"class":336},[69,87602,333],{"class":94},[69,87604,91],{"class":83},[69,87606,964],{"class":94},[69,87608,192],{"class":336},[69,87610,333],{"class":94},[69,87612,91],{"class":83},[69,87614,86291],{"class":8811},[69,87616,80],{"class":79},[69,87618,333],{"class":94},[69,87620,86298],{"class":336},[69,87622,333],{"class":94},[69,87624,3525],{"class":83},[69,87626,47024],{"class":773},[69,87628,86308],{"class":86307},[69,87630,1235],{"class":83},[69,87632,87633,87635,87637,87639,87641,87643,87646,87648,87650],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,87634,86812],{"class":86307},[69,87636,25],{"class":83},[69,87638,69867],{"class":121},[69,87640,113],{"class":83},[69,87642,333],{"class":94},[69,87644,87645],{"class":336},"Third line",[69,87647,86825],{"class":34110},[69,87649,333],{"class":94},[69,87651,221],{"class":83},[14,87653,87654],{},"Important detail:",[30,87656,87657,87662,87669],{},[33,87658,87659,87661],{},[17,87660,86397],{}," writes a string",[33,87663,87664,13699,87666,87668],{},[17,87665,86397],{},[22,87667,4457],{}," add a newline for you",[33,87670,87671,87672,87124],{},"If you want a new line, include ",[17,87673,86825],{},[14,87675,87676,87677,54,87681,25],{},"If your goal is a full task rather than a function reference, see ",[192,87678,87680],{"href":87679},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-write-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Write to a File in Python",[192,87682,87684],{"href":87683},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-append-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Append to a File in Python",[141,87686,87688],{"id":87687},"important-arguments-beginners-should-know","Important arguments beginners should know",[14,87690,87691],{},"A few arguments matter more than others when starting out.",[1369,87693,87695],{"id":87694},"encodingutf-8",[17,87696,86642],{},[14,87698,87699],{},"For text files, this is a good default.",[60,87701,87703],{"className":62,"code":87702,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"with open(\"message.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[17,87704,87705,87748],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,87706,87707,87709,87711,87713,87715,87718,87720,87722,87724,87726,87728,87730,87732,87734,87736,87738,87740,87742,87744,87746],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,87708,86266],{"class":773},[69,87710,86269],{"class":109},[69,87712,113],{"class":83},[69,87714,333],{"class":94},[69,87716,87717],{"class":336},"message.txt",[69,87719,333],{"class":94},[69,87721,91],{"class":83},[69,87723,964],{"class":94},[69,87725,60176],{"class":336},[69,87727,333],{"class":94},[69,87729,91],{"class":83},[69,87731,86291],{"class":8811},[69,87733,80],{"class":79},[69,87735,333],{"class":94},[69,87737,86298],{"class":336},[69,87739,333],{"class":94},[69,87741,3525],{"class":83},[69,87743,47024],{"class":773},[69,87745,86308],{"class":86307},[69,87747,1235],{"class":83},[69,87749,87750,87752,87754,87756,87758,87760],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,87751,7700],{"class":109},[69,87753,113],{"class":83},[69,87755,86414],{"class":86307},[69,87757,25],{"class":83},[69,87759,86324],{"class":121},[69,87761,6822],{"class":83},[14,87763,87764],{},"Why it matters:",[30,87766,87767,87770,87773],{},[33,87768,87769],{},"It helps Python read text correctly",[33,87771,87772],{},"It avoids some text decoding problems",[33,87774,87775],{},"It makes your code more consistent across systems",[1369,87777,87779],{"id":87778},"newline",[17,87780,87778],{},[14,87782,87783],{},"This is mostly useful when writing CSV files or when you need exact control over line endings.",[14,87785,87786],{},"Beginners usually do not need it for normal text files.",[1369,87788,87790],{"id":87789},"buffering",[17,87791,87789],{},[14,87793,87794],{},"This is an advanced argument.",[14,87796,87797],{},"Most beginners can ignore it and use the default.",[141,87799,87801],{"id":87800},"common-errors-when-using-open","Common errors when using open()",[14,87803,87804],{},"Here are some common file-related errors you may see.",[1369,87806,87808],{"id":87807},"filenotfounderror",[17,87809,87810],{},"FileNotFoundError",[14,87812,87813],{},"This happens when:",[30,87815,87816,87819,87822],{},[33,87817,87818],{},"the file does not exist",[33,87820,87821],{},"the path is wrong",[33,87823,87824],{},"your program is running from a different folder than you expect",[14,87826,2076],{},[60,87828,87830],{"className":62,"code":87829,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"with open(\"missing.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[17,87831,87832,87875],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,87833,87834,87836,87838,87840,87842,87845,87847,87849,87851,87853,87855,87857,87859,87861,87863,87865,87867,87869,87871,87873],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,87835,86266],{"class":773},[69,87837,86269],{"class":109},[69,87839,113],{"class":83},[69,87841,333],{"class":94},[69,87843,87844],{"class":336},"missing.txt",[69,87846,333],{"class":94},[69,87848,91],{"class":83},[69,87850,964],{"class":94},[69,87852,60176],{"class":336},[69,87854,333],{"class":94},[69,87856,91],{"class":83},[69,87858,86291],{"class":8811},[69,87860,80],{"class":79},[69,87862,333],{"class":94},[69,87864,86298],{"class":336},[69,87866,333],{"class":94},[69,87868,3525],{"class":83},[69,87870,47024],{"class":773},[69,87872,86308],{"class":86307},[69,87874,1235],{"class":83},[69,87876,87877,87879,87881,87883,87885,87887],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,87878,7700],{"class":109},[69,87880,113],{"class":83},[69,87882,86414],{"class":86307},[69,87884,25],{"class":83},[69,87886,86324],{"class":121},[69,87888,6822],{"class":83},[14,87890,87891,87892,587,87900,25],{},"If you are stuck, see ",[192,87893,87895,87896,87899],{"href":87894},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ffilenotfounderror-errno-2-no-such-file-or-directory-fix\u002F","FileNotFoundError: ",[69,87897,87898],{},"Errno 2"," No such file or directory",[192,87901,87903],{"href":87902},"\u002Flearn\u002Fworking-with-file-paths-in-python\u002F","Working with File Paths in Python",[1369,87905,87907],{"id":87906},"permissionerror",[17,87908,87909],{},"PermissionError",[14,87911,87912],{},"This happens when Python does not have permission to access the file.",[14,87914,87915],{},"Example causes:",[30,87917,87918,87921,87924],{},[33,87919,87920],{},"the file is protected",[33,87922,87923],{},"you are trying to write somewhere you should not",[33,87925,87926],{},"another program is blocking access",[14,87928,87929,87930],{},"Related page: ",[192,87931,87933,87934,87937],{"href":87932},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fpermissionerror-errno-13-permission-denied-fix\u002F","PermissionError: ",[69,87935,87936],{},"Errno 13"," Permission denied",[1369,87939,87941],{"id":87940},"isadirectoryerror",[17,87942,87943],{},"IsADirectoryError",[14,87945,87946],{},"This happens when you pass a folder path instead of a file path.",[14,87948,2076],{},[60,87950,87952],{"className":62,"code":87951,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"with open(\"my_folder\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[17,87953,87954,87997],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,87955,87956,87958,87960,87962,87964,87967,87969,87971,87973,87975,87977,87979,87981,87983,87985,87987,87989,87991,87993,87995],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,87957,86266],{"class":773},[69,87959,86269],{"class":109},[69,87961,113],{"class":83},[69,87963,333],{"class":94},[69,87965,87966],{"class":336},"my_folder",[69,87968,333],{"class":94},[69,87970,91],{"class":83},[69,87972,964],{"class":94},[69,87974,60176],{"class":336},[69,87976,333],{"class":94},[69,87978,91],{"class":83},[69,87980,86291],{"class":8811},[69,87982,80],{"class":79},[69,87984,333],{"class":94},[69,87986,86298],{"class":336},[69,87988,333],{"class":94},[69,87990,3525],{"class":83},[69,87992,47024],{"class":773},[69,87994,86308],{"class":86307},[69,87996,1235],{"class":83},[69,87998,87999,88001,88003,88005,88007,88009],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,88000,7700],{"class":109},[69,88002,113],{"class":83},[69,88004,86414],{"class":86307},[69,88006,25],{"class":83},[69,88008,86324],{"class":121},[69,88010,6822],{"class":83},[14,88012,87929,88013],{},[192,88014,88016,88017,88020],{"href":88015},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fisadirectoryerror-errno-21-is-a-directory-fix\u002F","IsADirectoryError: ",[69,88018,88019],{},"Errno 21"," Is a directory",[1369,88022,88024],{"id":88023},"unicodedecodeerror",[17,88025,88026],{},"UnicodeDecodeError",[14,88028,88029,88030,25],{},"This can happen when the file's real encoding does not match the encoding you used in ",[17,88031,86247],{},[14,88033,87929,88034],{},[192,88035,88037],{"href":88036},"\u002Ferrors\u002Funicodedecodeerror-utf-8-codec-cant-decode-byte-fix\u002F","UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte",[141,88039,88041],{"id":88040},"when-to-use-other-pages","When to use other pages",[14,88043,88044,88045,88047],{},"This page is a reference for the ",[17,88046,86247],{}," function.",[14,88049,88050],{},"Use other pages when you need something more specific:",[30,88052,88053,88056,88059,88065],{},[33,88054,88055],{},"Use a how-to page for a full task, such as reading a file line by line",[33,88057,88058],{},"Use an error page when you already have a specific exception to fix",[33,88060,88061,88062,88064],{},"Use a path page when the real problem is the file location, not ",[17,88063,86247],{}," itself",[33,88066,88067,88068],{},"For a broader introduction, see ",[192,88069,88071],{"href":88070},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-file-handling-basics-read-and-write\u002F","Python File Handling Basics: Read and Write",[141,88073,2698],{"id":2697},[14,88075,88076,88077,1044],{},"These are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[17,88078,86247],{},[30,88080,88081,88086,88092,88097,88100,88103],{},[33,88082,8050,88083,88085],{},[17,88084,86345],{}," mode on a file that does not exist",[33,88087,88088,88089,88091],{},"Forgetting to use ",[17,88090,86546],{}," for text files",[33,88093,8050,88094,88096],{},[17,88095,86662],{}," and accidentally deleting old content",[33,88098,88099],{},"Trying to read from a file opened in write mode",[33,88101,88102],{},"Passing a folder path instead of a file path",[33,88104,88105],{},"Using a relative path from the wrong working directory",[14,88107,88108],{},"If you are not sure what Python is trying to open, these quick checks can help:",[60,88110,88112],{"className":62,"code":88111,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"import os\nprint(os.getcwd())\n",[17,88113,88114,88121],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,88115,88116,88118],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,88117,34749],{"class":773},[69,88119,88120],{"class":75}," os\n",[69,88122,88123,88125,88127,88129,88131,88134],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,88124,110],{"class":109},[69,88126,113],{"class":83},[69,88128,42290],{"class":121},[69,88130,25],{"class":83},[69,88132,88133],{"class":121},"getcwd",[69,88135,6822],{"class":83},[14,88137,88138],{},"This shows the current working directory.",[60,88140,88142],{"className":62,"code":88141,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"import os\nprint(os.path.exists(\"example.txt\"))\n",[17,88143,88144,88150],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,88145,88146,88148],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,88147,34749],{"class":773},[69,88149,88120],{"class":75},[69,88151,88152,88154,88156,88158,88160,88163,88165,88168,88170,88172,88174,88176],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,88153,110],{"class":109},[69,88155,113],{"class":83},[69,88157,42290],{"class":121},[69,88159,25],{"class":83},[69,88161,88162],{"class":24402},"path",[69,88164,25],{"class":83},[69,88166,88167],{"class":121},"exists",[69,88169,113],{"class":83},[69,88171,333],{"class":94},[69,88173,86276],{"class":336},[69,88175,333],{"class":94},[69,88177,342],{"class":83},[14,88179,88180],{},"This checks whether the path exists.",[60,88182,88184],{"className":62,"code":88183,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"import os\nprint(os.path.isfile(\"example.txt\"))\n",[17,88185,88186,88192],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,88187,88188,88190],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,88189,34749],{"class":773},[69,88191,88120],{"class":75},[69,88193,88194,88196,88198,88200,88202,88204,88206,88209,88211,88213,88215,88217],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,88195,110],{"class":109},[69,88197,113],{"class":83},[69,88199,42290],{"class":121},[69,88201,25],{"class":83},[69,88203,88162],{"class":24402},[69,88205,25],{"class":83},[69,88207,88208],{"class":121},"isfile",[69,88210,113],{"class":83},[69,88212,333],{"class":94},[69,88214,86276],{"class":336},[69,88216,333],{"class":94},[69,88218,342],{"class":83},[14,88220,88221],{},"This checks whether the path is a file.",[60,88223,88225],{"className":62,"code":88224,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[17,88226,88227,88269],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,88228,88229,88231,88233,88235,88237,88239,88241,88243,88245,88247,88249,88251,88253,88255,88257,88259,88261,88263,88265,88267],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,88230,86266],{"class":773},[69,88232,86269],{"class":109},[69,88234,113],{"class":83},[69,88236,333],{"class":94},[69,88238,86276],{"class":336},[69,88240,333],{"class":94},[69,88242,91],{"class":83},[69,88244,964],{"class":94},[69,88246,60176],{"class":336},[69,88248,333],{"class":94},[69,88250,91],{"class":83},[69,88252,86291],{"class":8811},[69,88254,80],{"class":79},[69,88256,333],{"class":94},[69,88258,86298],{"class":336},[69,88260,333],{"class":94},[69,88262,3525],{"class":83},[69,88264,47024],{"class":773},[69,88266,86308],{"class":86307},[69,88268,1235],{"class":83},[69,88270,88271,88273,88275,88277,88279,88281],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,88272,7700],{"class":109},[69,88274,113],{"class":83},[69,88276,86414],{"class":86307},[69,88278,25],{"class":83},[69,88280,86324],{"class":121},[69,88282,6822],{"class":83},[14,88284,88285],{},"This is a simple test to confirm the file can be opened and read.",[141,88287,1651],{"id":1650},[1369,88289,88291],{"id":88290},"what-does-open-return-in-python","What does open() return in Python?",[14,88293,88294],{},"It returns a file object. You use that object to read, write, or close the file.",[1369,88296,88298],{"id":88297},"what-is-the-safest-way-to-use-open","What is the safest way to use open()?",[14,88300,88301,88302,88304],{},"Use it inside a ",[17,88303,86266],{}," block so the file closes automatically.",[1369,88306,5006,88308,587,88310,88312],{"id":88307},"what-is-the-difference-between-w-and-a-mode",[17,88309,86662],{},[17,88311,17745],{}," mode?",[14,88314,88315,88317,88318,88320],{},[17,88316,86662],{}," overwrites the file. ",[17,88319,17745],{}," adds new content to the end.",[1369,88322,88324],{"id":88323},"why-do-i-get-filenotfounderror-with-open","Why do I get FileNotFoundError with open()?",[14,88326,88327],{},"Usually the file path is wrong, the file does not exist, or your program is running from a different folder than you expect.",[1369,88329,88331],{"id":88330},"should-i-always-set-encoding-when-opening-a-text-file","Should I always set encoding when opening a text file?",[14,88333,88334,88335,88337],{},"It is a good habit. ",[17,88336,86642],{}," is a safe default for many text files.",[141,88339,1771],{"id":1770},[30,88341,88342,88346,88350,88354,88358,88362,88366,88372],{},[33,88343,88344],{},[192,88345,87475],{"href":87474},[33,88347,88348],{},[192,88349,87680],{"href":87679},[33,88351,88352],{},[192,88353,87684],{"href":87683},[33,88355,88356],{},[192,88357,87479],{"href":87478},[33,88359,88360],{},[192,88361,88071],{"href":88070},[33,88363,88364],{},[192,88365,87903],{"href":87902},[33,88367,88368],{},[192,88369,87895,88370,87899],{"href":87894},[69,88371,87898],{},[33,88373,88374],{},[192,88375,87933,88376,87937],{"href":87932},[69,88377,87936],{},[1802,88379,88380],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":88382},[88383,88384,88385,88386,88387,88388,88389,88394,88395,88400,88406,88407,88408,88416],{"id":1869,"depth":106,"text":1870},{"id":86349,"depth":106,"text":86350},{"id":2023,"depth":106,"text":2024},{"id":86646,"depth":106,"text":86647},{"id":86910,"depth":106,"text":86911},{"id":87034,"depth":106,"text":87035},{"id":87217,"depth":106,"text":87218,"children":88390},[88391,88392,88393],{"id":87227,"depth":300,"text":87228},{"id":87306,"depth":300,"text":87307},{"id":87389,"depth":300,"text":87390},{"id":87482,"depth":106,"text":87483},{"id":87687,"depth":106,"text":87688,"children":88396},[88397,88398,88399],{"id":87694,"depth":300,"text":86642},{"id":87778,"depth":300,"text":87778},{"id":87789,"depth":300,"text":87789},{"id":87800,"depth":106,"text":87801,"children":88401},[88402,88403,88404,88405],{"id":87807,"depth":300,"text":87810},{"id":87906,"depth":300,"text":87909},{"id":87940,"depth":300,"text":87943},{"id":88023,"depth":300,"text":88026},{"id":88040,"depth":106,"text":88041},{"id":2697,"depth":106,"text":2698},{"id":1650,"depth":106,"text":1651,"children":88409},[88410,88411,88412,88414,88415],{"id":88290,"depth":300,"text":88291},{"id":88297,"depth":300,"text":88298},{"id":88307,"depth":300,"text":88413},"What is the difference between \"w\" and \"a\" mode?",{"id":88323,"depth":300,"text":88324},{"id":88330,"depth":300,"text":88331},{"id":1770,"depth":106,"text":1771},"Master python open function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained",{"title":86237,"description":88417},"reference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained","2NUk1nPkzgPoyQ-eW0tXGQJ5BkMh9G3DaGNf-J4gI50",{"id":88424,"title":88425,"body":88426,"description":90421,"extension":1828,"meta":90422,"navigation":833,"path":90423,"seo":90424,"stem":90425,"__hash__":90426},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained.md","Python print() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":88427,"toc":90368},[88428,88433,88438,88444,88446,88514,88516,88535,88540,88545,88550,88553,88565,88567,88610,88612,88630,88641,88643,88645,88670,88672,88683,88685,88745,88747,88773,88776,88780,88785,88789,88792,88826,88830,88833,88858,88862,88885,88889,88922,88927,88931,88936,88939,89007,89009,89033,89038,89041,89072,89074,89106,89123,89127,89132,89156,89163,89168,89173,89176,89180,89215,89217,89226,89230,89321,89323,89354,89359,89366,89371,89380,89383,89417,89419,89433,89437,89478,89480,89489,89493,89541,89543,89557,89562,89573,89580,89586,89588,89623,89625,89639,89642,89664,89670,89699,89710,89716,89722,89736,89738,89817,89819,89869,89876,89878,89883,89887,89890,89905,89910,89912,89931,89937,89940,89955,89957,89975,89981,89986,90016,90019,90042,90045,90072,90079,90085,90093,90116,90121,90129,90131,90151,90155,90161,90211,90214,90236,90238,90244,90252,90258,90264,90272,90277,90281,90284,90307,90312,90319,90331,90333,90365],[10,88429,3441,88431,3444],{"id":88430},"python-print-function-explained",[17,88432,46118],{},[14,88434,31973,88435,88437],{},[17,88436,46118],{}," function displays output in the terminal or console. It is one of the first functions beginners learn because it lets you show text, numbers, variable values, and calculation results.",[14,88439,88440,88441,88443],{},"This page explains the basic syntax of ",[17,88442,46118],{},", its most useful optional arguments, and common beginner mistakes.",[141,88445,1870],{"id":1869},[60,88447,88449],{"className":62,"code":88448,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"name = \"Mia\"\nage = 12\n\nprint(name)\nprint(age)\nprint(\"Hello\", name)\n",[17,88450,88451,88463,88472,88476,88486,88496],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,88452,88453,88455,88457,88459,88461],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,88454,7507],{"class":75},[69,88456,80],{"class":79},[69,88458,964],{"class":94},[69,88460,7552],{"class":336},[69,88462,3224],{"class":94},[69,88464,88465,88467,88469],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,88466,21279],{"class":75},[69,88468,80],{"class":79},[69,88470,88471],{"class":87}," 12\n",[69,88473,88474],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,88475,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,88477,88478,88480,88482,88484],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,88479,110],{"class":109},[69,88481,113],{"class":83},[69,88483,7297],{"class":121},[69,88485,221],{"class":83},[69,88487,88488,88490,88492,88494],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,88489,110],{"class":109},[69,88491,113],{"class":83},[69,88493,8935],{"class":121},[69,88495,221],{"class":83},[69,88497,88498,88500,88502,88504,88506,88508,88510,88512],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,88499,110],{"class":109},[69,88501,113],{"class":83},[69,88503,333],{"class":94},[69,88505,34525],{"class":336},[69,88507,333],{"class":94},[69,88509,91],{"class":83},[69,88511,35651],{"class":121},[69,88513,221],{"class":83},[14,88515,643],{},[60,88517,88519],{"className":62,"code":88518,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Mia\n12\nHello Mia\n",[17,88520,88521,88526,88530],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,88522,88523],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,88524,88525],{"class":75},"Mia\n",[69,88527,88528],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,88529,2092],{"class":87},[69,88531,88532],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,88533,88534],{"class":75},"Hello Mia\n",[14,88536,132,88537,88539],{},[17,88538,46118],{}," to show text, numbers, and variable values on the screen.",[141,88541,3540,88543,3543],{"id":88542},"what-print-does",[17,88544,46118],{},[14,88546,88547,88549],{},[17,88548,46118],{}," sends output to the screen.",[14,88551,88552],{},"You can use it to display:",[30,88554,88555,88557,88559,88562],{},[33,88556,34366],{},[33,88558,3512],{},[33,88560,88561],{},"variables",[33,88563,88564],{},"expressions",[14,88566,2076],{},[60,88568,88570],{"className":62,"code":88569,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(5)\nprint(2 + 3)\n",[17,88571,88572,88586,88596],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,88573,88574,88576,88578,88580,88582,88584],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,88575,110],{"class":109},[69,88577,113],{"class":83},[69,88579,333],{"class":94},[69,88581,34525],{"class":336},[69,88583,333],{"class":94},[69,88585,221],{"class":83},[69,88587,88588,88590,88592,88594],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,88589,110],{"class":109},[69,88591,113],{"class":83},[69,88593,670],{"class":87},[69,88595,221],{"class":83},[69,88597,88598,88600,88602,88604,88606,88608],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,88599,110],{"class":109},[69,88601,113],{"class":83},[69,88603,821],{"class":87},[69,88605,2320],{"class":79},[69,88607,516],{"class":87},[69,88609,221],{"class":83},[14,88611,643],{},[60,88613,88615],{"className":62,"code":88614,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Hello\n5\n5\n",[17,88616,88617,88622,88626],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,88618,88619],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,88620,88621],{"class":75},"Hello\n",[69,88623,88624],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,88625,2814],{"class":87},[69,88627,88628],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,88629,2814],{"class":87},[14,88631,88632,88633,88635,88636,88640],{},"A very important detail is that ",[17,88634,46118],{}," ",[22,88637,3555,88638],{},[17,88639,449],{},". Its job is to display something, not to give you a value back.",[141,88642,2024],{"id":2023},[14,88644,30380],{},[60,88646,88648],{"className":62,"code":88647,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(object1, object2, ...)\n",[17,88649,88650],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,88651,88652,88654,88656,88659,88661,88664,88666,88668],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,88653,110],{"class":109},[69,88655,113],{"class":83},[69,88657,88658],{"class":121},"object1",[69,88660,91],{"class":83},[69,88662,88663],{"class":121}," object2",[69,88665,91],{"class":83},[69,88667,34111],{"class":109},[69,88669,221],{"class":83},[14,88671,79875],{},[30,88673,88674,88677,88680],{},[33,88675,88676],{},"one value",[33,88678,88679],{},"many values",[33,88681,88682],{},"strings, numbers, variables, or expressions",[14,88684,2076],{},[60,88686,88688],{"className":62,"code":88687,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(\"Apple\")\nprint(\"Score:\", 10)\nprint(\"Total:\", 4 + 6)\n",[17,88689,88690,88704,88723],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,88691,88692,88694,88696,88698,88700,88702],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,88693,110],{"class":109},[69,88695,113],{"class":83},[69,88697,333],{"class":94},[69,88699,57438],{"class":336},[69,88701,333],{"class":94},[69,88703,221],{"class":83},[69,88705,88706,88708,88710,88712,88715,88717,88719,88721],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,88707,110],{"class":109},[69,88709,113],{"class":83},[69,88711,333],{"class":94},[69,88713,88714],{"class":336},"Score:",[69,88716,333],{"class":94},[69,88718,91],{"class":83},[69,88720,826],{"class":87},[69,88722,221],{"class":83},[69,88724,88725,88727,88729,88731,88733,88735,88737,88739,88741,88743],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,88726,110],{"class":109},[69,88728,113],{"class":83},[69,88730,333],{"class":94},[69,88732,45229],{"class":336},[69,88734,333],{"class":94},[69,88736,91],{"class":83},[69,88738,2323],{"class":87},[69,88740,2320],{"class":79},[69,88742,37305],{"class":87},[69,88744,221],{"class":83},[14,88746,643],{},[60,88748,88750],{"className":62,"code":88749,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Apple\nScore: 10\nTotal: 10\n",[17,88751,88752,88756,88765],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,88753,88754],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,88755,85028],{"class":75},[69,88757,88758,88761,88763],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,88759,88760],{"class":75},"Score",[69,88762,1044],{"class":83},[69,88764,2454],{"class":87},[69,88766,88767,88769,88771],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,88768,45269],{"class":75},[69,88770,1044],{"class":83},[69,88772,2454],{"class":87},[14,88774,88775],{},"In Python 3, the parentheses are required.",[141,88777,88779],{"id":88778},"printing-different-kinds-of-values","Printing different kinds of values",[14,88781,88782,88783,25],{},"You can print several kinds of data with ",[17,88784,46118],{},[1369,88786,88788],{"id":88787},"print-text","Print text",[14,88790,88791],{},"Text must be inside quotes.",[60,88793,88795],{"className":62,"code":88794,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"Python is fun\")\n",[17,88796,88797,88811],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,88798,88799,88801,88803,88805,88807,88809],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,88800,110],{"class":109},[69,88802,113],{"class":83},[69,88804,333],{"class":94},[69,88806,34525],{"class":336},[69,88808,333],{"class":94},[69,88810,221],{"class":83},[69,88812,88813,88815,88817,88819,88822,88824],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,88814,110],{"class":109},[69,88816,113],{"class":83},[69,88818,333],{"class":94},[69,88820,88821],{"class":336},"Python is fun",[69,88823,333],{"class":94},[69,88825,221],{"class":83},[1369,88827,88829],{"id":88828},"print-numbers","Print numbers",[14,88831,88832],{},"Numbers do not use quotes.",[60,88834,88836],{"className":62,"code":88835,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(5)\nprint(3.14)\n",[17,88837,88838,88848],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,88839,88840,88842,88844,88846],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,88841,110],{"class":109},[69,88843,113],{"class":83},[69,88845,670],{"class":87},[69,88847,221],{"class":83},[69,88849,88850,88852,88854,88856],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,88851,110],{"class":109},[69,88853,113],{"class":83},[69,88855,39806],{"class":87},[69,88857,221],{"class":83},[1369,88859,88861],{"id":88860},"print-variables","Print variables",[60,88863,88865],{"className":62,"code":88864,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"score = 99\nprint(score)\n",[17,88866,88867,88875],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,88868,88869,88871,88873],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,88870,4923],{"class":75},[69,88872,80],{"class":79},[69,88874,13776],{"class":87},[69,88876,88877,88879,88881,88883],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,88878,110],{"class":109},[69,88880,113],{"class":83},[69,88882,85192],{"class":121},[69,88884,221],{"class":83},[1369,88886,88888],{"id":88887},"print-expressions","Print expressions",[60,88890,88892],{"className":62,"code":88891,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(2 + 3)\nprint(10 * 4)\n",[17,88893,88894,88908],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,88895,88896,88898,88900,88902,88904,88906],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,88897,110],{"class":109},[69,88899,113],{"class":83},[69,88901,821],{"class":87},[69,88903,2320],{"class":79},[69,88905,516],{"class":87},[69,88907,221],{"class":83},[69,88909,88910,88912,88914,88916,88918,88920],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,88911,110],{"class":109},[69,88913,113],{"class":83},[69,88915,2197],{"class":87},[69,88917,82504],{"class":79},[69,88919,2323],{"class":87},[69,88921,221],{"class":83},[14,88923,88924,88925,25],{},"If you are not sure what counts as text, see ",[192,88926,50644],{"href":50643},[141,88928,88930],{"id":88929},"using-multiple-arguments","Using multiple arguments",[14,88932,88933,88935],{},[17,88934,46118],{}," can take more than one argument.",[14,88937,88938],{},"By default, Python places a space between them. This is often the easiest way to combine labels and variable values.",[60,88940,88942],{"className":62,"code":88941,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"name = \"Ava\"\nage = 10\n\nprint(\"Name:\", name)\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[17,88943,88944,88957,88965,88969,88988],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,88945,88946,88948,88950,88952,88955],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,88947,7507],{"class":75},[69,88949,80],{"class":79},[69,88951,964],{"class":94},[69,88953,88954],{"class":336},"Ava",[69,88956,3224],{"class":94},[69,88958,88959,88961,88963],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,88960,21279],{"class":75},[69,88962,80],{"class":79},[69,88964,2454],{"class":87},[69,88966,88967],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,88968,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,88970,88971,88973,88975,88977,88980,88982,88984,88986],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,88972,110],{"class":109},[69,88974,113],{"class":83},[69,88976,333],{"class":94},[69,88978,88979],{"class":336},"Name:",[69,88981,333],{"class":94},[69,88983,91],{"class":83},[69,88985,35651],{"class":121},[69,88987,221],{"class":83},[69,88989,88990,88992,88994,88996,88999,89001,89003,89005],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,88991,110],{"class":109},[69,88993,113],{"class":83},[69,88995,333],{"class":94},[69,88997,88998],{"class":336},"Age:",[69,89000,333],{"class":94},[69,89002,91],{"class":83},[69,89004,8824],{"class":121},[69,89006,221],{"class":83},[14,89008,643],{},[60,89010,89012],{"className":62,"code":89011,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Name: Ava\nAge: 10\n",[17,89013,89014,89024],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,89015,89016,89019,89021],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,89017,89018],{"class":75},"Name",[69,89020,1044],{"class":83},[69,89022,89023],{"class":75}," Ava\n",[69,89025,89026,89029,89031],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,89027,89028],{"class":75},"Age",[69,89030,1044],{"class":83},[69,89032,2454],{"class":87},[14,89034,89035,89036,25],{},"This is usually easier for beginners than joining values with ",[17,89037,1926],{},[14,89039,89040],{},"For example, this works:",[60,89042,89044],{"className":62,"code":89043,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[17,89045,89046,89054],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,89047,89048,89050,89052],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,89049,21279],{"class":75},[69,89051,80],{"class":79},[69,89053,2454],{"class":87},[69,89055,89056,89058,89060,89062,89064,89066,89068,89070],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,89057,110],{"class":109},[69,89059,113],{"class":83},[69,89061,333],{"class":94},[69,89063,88998],{"class":336},[69,89065,333],{"class":94},[69,89067,91],{"class":83},[69,89069,8824],{"class":121},[69,89071,221],{"class":83},[14,89073,36587],{},[60,89075,89077],{"className":62,"code":89076,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age: \" + age)\n",[17,89078,89079,89087],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,89080,89081,89083,89085],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,89082,21279],{"class":75},[69,89084,80],{"class":79},[69,89086,2454],{"class":87},[69,89088,89089,89091,89093,89095,89098,89100,89102,89104],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,89090,110],{"class":109},[69,89092,113],{"class":83},[69,89094,333],{"class":94},[69,89096,89097],{"class":336},"Age: ",[69,89099,333],{"class":94},[69,89101,2320],{"class":79},[69,89103,8824],{"class":121},[69,89105,221],{"class":83},[14,89107,89108,89109,89112,89113,89115,89116,89118,89119,25],{},"That fails because ",[17,89110,89111],{},"\"Age: \""," is a string and ",[17,89114,8935],{}," is an integer. If you want to combine them with ",[17,89117,1926],{},", you must first convert the number with ",[192,89120,89121],{"href":41839},[17,89122,47350],{},[141,89124,89126],{"id":89125},"important-optional-arguments","Important optional arguments",[14,89128,89129,89131],{},[17,89130,46118],{}," has a few optional arguments that are especially useful:",[30,89133,89134,89140,89145,89150],{},[33,89135,89136,89139],{},[17,89137,89138],{},"sep"," controls what goes between multiple values",[33,89141,89142,89144],{},[17,89143,52329],{}," controls what is added after the output",[33,89146,89147,89149],{},[17,89148,86414],{}," sends output to a file-like object",[33,89151,89152,89155],{},[17,89153,89154],{},"flush"," forces output to appear immediately",[14,89157,89158,89159,587,89161,25],{},"The most important ones for beginners are ",[17,89160,89138],{},[17,89162,52329],{},[141,89164,89166,36276],{"id":89165},"sep-argument",[17,89167,89138],{},[14,89169,1845,89170,89172],{},[17,89171,89138],{}," argument changes the separator between multiple printed values.",[14,89174,89175],{},"The default separator is a single space.",[1369,89177,89179],{"id":89178},"default-behavior","Default behavior",[60,89181,89183],{"className":62,"code":89182,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n",[17,89184,89185],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,89186,89187,89189,89191,89193,89195,89197,89199,89201,89203,89205,89207,89209,89211,89213],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,89188,110],{"class":109},[69,89190,113],{"class":83},[69,89192,333],{"class":94},[69,89194,12737],{"class":336},[69,89196,333],{"class":94},[69,89198,91],{"class":83},[69,89200,964],{"class":94},[69,89202,17104],{"class":336},[69,89204,333],{"class":94},[69,89206,91],{"class":83},[69,89208,964],{"class":94},[69,89210,12754],{"class":336},[69,89212,333],{"class":94},[69,89214,221],{"class":83},[14,89216,643],{},[60,89218,89220],{"className":62,"code":89219,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"red green blue\n",[17,89221,89222],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,89223,89224],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,89225,89219],{"class":75},[1369,89227,89229],{"id":89228},"custom-separator","Custom separator",[60,89231,89233],{"className":62,"code":89232,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\",\")\nprint(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\" - \")\n",[17,89234,89235,89278],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,89236,89237,89239,89241,89243,89245,89247,89249,89251,89253,89255,89257,89259,89261,89263,89265,89268,89270,89272,89274,89276],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,89238,110],{"class":109},[69,89240,113],{"class":83},[69,89242,333],{"class":94},[69,89244,12737],{"class":336},[69,89246,333],{"class":94},[69,89248,91],{"class":83},[69,89250,964],{"class":94},[69,89252,17104],{"class":336},[69,89254,333],{"class":94},[69,89256,91],{"class":83},[69,89258,964],{"class":94},[69,89260,12754],{"class":336},[69,89262,333],{"class":94},[69,89264,91],{"class":83},[69,89266,89267],{"class":8811}," sep",[69,89269,80],{"class":79},[69,89271,333],{"class":94},[69,89273,91],{"class":336},[69,89275,333],{"class":94},[69,89277,221],{"class":83},[69,89279,89280,89282,89284,89286,89288,89290,89292,89294,89296,89298,89300,89302,89304,89306,89308,89310,89312,89314,89317,89319],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,89281,110],{"class":109},[69,89283,113],{"class":83},[69,89285,333],{"class":94},[69,89287,12737],{"class":336},[69,89289,333],{"class":94},[69,89291,91],{"class":83},[69,89293,964],{"class":94},[69,89295,17104],{"class":336},[69,89297,333],{"class":94},[69,89299,91],{"class":83},[69,89301,964],{"class":94},[69,89303,12754],{"class":336},[69,89305,333],{"class":94},[69,89307,91],{"class":83},[69,89309,89267],{"class":8811},[69,89311,80],{"class":79},[69,89313,333],{"class":94},[69,89315,89316],{"class":336}," - ",[69,89318,333],{"class":94},[69,89320,221],{"class":83},[14,89322,643],{},[60,89324,89326],{"className":62,"code":89325,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"red,green,blue\nred - green - blue\n",[17,89327,89328,89340],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,89329,89330,89332,89334,89336,89338],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,89331,12737],{"class":75},[69,89333,91],{"class":83},[69,89335,17104],{"class":75},[69,89337,91],{"class":83},[69,89339,69653],{"class":75},[69,89341,89342,89345,89347,89350,89352],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,89343,89344],{"class":75},"red ",[69,89346,1889],{"class":79},[69,89348,89349],{"class":75}," green ",[69,89351,1889],{"class":79},[69,89353,35540],{"class":75},[14,89355,89356,89358],{},[17,89357,89138],{}," only matters when you print more than one argument.",[14,89360,89361,89362,25],{},"This is useful for simple formatting without building one long string yourself. If you want more control over formatting, see ",[192,89363,89365],{"href":89364},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-format-strings-in-python\u002F","how to format strings in Python",[141,89367,89369,36276],{"id":89368},"end-argument",[17,89370,52329],{},[14,89372,89373,89374,89376,89377,89379],{},"By default, ",[17,89375,46118],{}," ends with a newline. That means the next ",[17,89378,46118],{}," starts on a new line.",[1369,89381,89179],{"id":89382},"default-behavior-1",[60,89384,89386],{"className":62,"code":89385,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[17,89387,89388,89402],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,89389,89390,89392,89394,89396,89398,89400],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,89391,110],{"class":109},[69,89393,113],{"class":83},[69,89395,333],{"class":94},[69,89397,34525],{"class":336},[69,89399,333],{"class":94},[69,89401,221],{"class":83},[69,89403,89404,89406,89408,89410,89413,89415],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,89405,110],{"class":109},[69,89407,113],{"class":83},[69,89409,333],{"class":94},[69,89411,89412],{"class":336},"World",[69,89414,333],{"class":94},[69,89416,221],{"class":83},[14,89418,643],{},[60,89420,89422],{"className":62,"code":89421,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Hello\nWorld\n",[17,89423,89424,89428],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,89425,89426],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,89427,88621],{"class":75},[69,89429,89430],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,89431,89432],{"class":75},"World\n",[1369,89434,89436],{"id":89435},"stay-on-the-same-line","Stay on the same line",[60,89438,89440],{"className":62,"code":89439,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[17,89441,89442,89464],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,89443,89444,89446,89448,89450,89452,89454,89456,89458,89460,89462],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,89445,110],{"class":109},[69,89447,113],{"class":83},[69,89449,333],{"class":94},[69,89451,34525],{"class":336},[69,89453,333],{"class":94},[69,89455,91],{"class":83},[69,89457,64712],{"class":8811},[69,89459,80],{"class":79},[69,89461,1111],{"class":94},[69,89463,221],{"class":83},[69,89465,89466,89468,89470,89472,89474,89476],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,89467,110],{"class":109},[69,89469,113],{"class":83},[69,89471,333],{"class":94},[69,89473,89412],{"class":336},[69,89475,333],{"class":94},[69,89477,221],{"class":83},[14,89479,643],{},[60,89481,89483],{"className":62,"code":89482,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"HelloWorld\n",[17,89484,89485],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,89486,89487],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,89488,89482],{"class":75},[1369,89490,89492],{"id":89491},"add-a-custom-ending","Add a custom ending",[60,89494,89496],{"className":62,"code":89495,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"!\\n\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[17,89497,89498,89527],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,89499,89500,89502,89504,89506,89508,89510,89512,89514,89516,89518,89521,89523,89525],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,89501,110],{"class":109},[69,89503,113],{"class":83},[69,89505,333],{"class":94},[69,89507,34525],{"class":336},[69,89509,333],{"class":94},[69,89511,91],{"class":83},[69,89513,64712],{"class":8811},[69,89515,80],{"class":79},[69,89517,333],{"class":94},[69,89519,89520],{"class":336},"!",[69,89522,86825],{"class":34110},[69,89524,333],{"class":94},[69,89526,221],{"class":83},[69,89528,89529,89531,89533,89535,89537,89539],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,89530,110],{"class":109},[69,89532,113],{"class":83},[69,89534,333],{"class":94},[69,89536,89412],{"class":336},[69,89538,333],{"class":94},[69,89540,221],{"class":83},[14,89542,643],{},[60,89544,89546],{"className":62,"code":89545,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Hello!\nWorld\n",[17,89547,89548,89553],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,89549,89550],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,89551,89552],{"class":75},"Hello!\n",[69,89554,89555],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,89556,89432],{"class":75},[14,89558,1845,89559,89561],{},[17,89560,52329],{}," argument is useful for:",[30,89563,89564,89567,89570],{},[33,89565,89566],{},"progress messages",[33,89568,89569],{},"inline output",[33,89571,89572],{},"custom punctuation at the end of printed text",[141,89574,89576,678,89578],{"id":89575},"print-returns-none",[17,89577,46118],{},[17,89579,449],{},[14,89581,89582,89583,89585],{},"A common beginner mistake is expecting ",[17,89584,46118],{}," to return the text it shows.",[14,89587,2076],{},[60,89589,89591],{"className":62,"code":89590,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"result = print(\"Hi\")\nprint(result)\n",[17,89592,89593,89613],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,89594,89595,89597,89599,89602,89604,89606,89609,89611],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,89596,839],{"class":75},[69,89598,80],{"class":79},[69,89600,89601],{"class":109}," print",[69,89603,113],{"class":83},[69,89605,333],{"class":94},[69,89607,89608],{"class":336},"Hi",[69,89610,333],{"class":94},[69,89612,221],{"class":83},[69,89614,89615,89617,89619,89621],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,89616,110],{"class":109},[69,89618,113],{"class":83},[69,89620,876],{"class":121},[69,89622,221],{"class":83},[14,89624,643],{},[60,89626,89628],{"className":62,"code":89627,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Hi\nNone\n",[17,89629,89630,89635],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,89631,89632],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,89633,89634],{"class":75},"Hi\n",[69,89636,89637],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,89638,11450],{"class":289},[14,89640,89641],{},"Why does this happen?",[30,89643,89644,89652,89657],{},[33,89645,89646,89649,89650],{},[17,89647,89648],{},"print(\"Hi\")"," displays ",[17,89651,89608],{},[33,89653,89654,89655],{},"but the function itself returns ",[17,89656,449],{},[33,89658,89659,89660,11562,89662],{},"so ",[17,89661,876],{},[17,89663,449],{},[14,89665,89666,89667,89669],{},"If you need to keep a value, assign the value itself instead of the ",[17,89668,46118],{}," call.",[60,89671,89673],{"className":62,"code":89672,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"message = \"Hi\"\nprint(message)\n",[17,89674,89675,89688],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,89676,89677,89680,89682,89684,89686],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,89678,89679],{"class":75},"message ",[69,89681,80],{"class":79},[69,89683,964],{"class":94},[69,89685,89608],{"class":336},[69,89687,3224],{"class":94},[69,89689,89690,89692,89694,89697],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,89691,110],{"class":109},[69,89693,113],{"class":83},[69,89695,89696],{"class":121},"message",[69,89698,221],{"class":83},[14,89700,89701,89702,89704,89705,89709],{},"This idea becomes clearer when you compare ",[17,89703,46118],{}," with functions like ",[192,89706,89707],{"href":7851},[17,89708,2825],{},", which do return a value.",[141,89711,89713,89714],{"id":89712},"when-beginners-use-print","When beginners use ",[17,89715,46118],{},[14,89717,89718,89719,89721],{},"Beginners use ",[17,89720,46118],{}," in many simple but important ways:",[30,89723,89724,89727,89730,89733],{},[33,89725,89726],{},"to display results to the user",[33,89728,89729],{},"to show messages in a script",[33,89731,89732],{},"to check variable values while debugging",[33,89734,89735],{},"to inspect loops and function behavior",[14,89737,2076],{},[60,89739,89741],{"className":62,"code":89740,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"total = 0\n\nfor number in range(1, 4):\n    total += number\n    print(\"Current number:\", number, \"Total:\", total)\n",[17,89742,89743,89751,89755,89775,89786],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,89744,89745,89747,89749],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,89746,40846],{"class":75},[69,89748,80],{"class":79},[69,89750,38175],{"class":87},[69,89752,89753],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,89754,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,89756,89757,89759,89761,89763,89765,89767,89769,89771,89773],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,89758,774],{"class":773},[69,89760,1228],{"class":75},[69,89762,780],{"class":773},[69,89764,53739],{"class":109},[69,89766,113],{"class":83},[69,89768,473],{"class":87},[69,89770,91],{"class":83},[69,89772,2323],{"class":87},[69,89774,7974],{"class":83},[69,89776,89777,89780,89783],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,89778,89779],{"class":75},"    total ",[69,89781,89782],{"class":79},"+=",[69,89784,89785],{"class":75}," number\n",[69,89787,89788,89790,89792,89794,89797,89799,89801,89803,89805,89807,89809,89811,89813,89815],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,89789,7700],{"class":109},[69,89791,113],{"class":83},[69,89793,333],{"class":94},[69,89795,89796],{"class":336},"Current number:",[69,89798,333],{"class":94},[69,89800,91],{"class":83},[69,89802,2065],{"class":121},[69,89804,91],{"class":83},[69,89806,964],{"class":94},[69,89808,45229],{"class":336},[69,89810,333],{"class":94},[69,89812,91],{"class":83},[69,89814,45236],{"class":121},[69,89816,221],{"class":83},[14,89818,643],{},[60,89820,89822],{"className":62,"code":89821,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Current number: 1 Total: 1\nCurrent number: 2 Total: 3\nCurrent number: 3 Total: 6\n",[17,89823,89824,89840,89854],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,89825,89826,89829,89831,89833,89836,89838],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,89827,89828],{"class":75},"Current number",[69,89830,1044],{"class":83},[69,89832,272],{"class":87},[69,89834,89835],{"class":75}," Total",[69,89837,1044],{"class":83},[69,89839,29269],{"class":87},[69,89841,89842,89844,89846,89848,89850,89852],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,89843,89828],{"class":75},[69,89845,1044],{"class":83},[69,89847,316],{"class":87},[69,89849,89835],{"class":75},[69,89851,1044],{"class":83},[69,89853,2444],{"class":87},[69,89855,89856,89858,89860,89862,89864,89866],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,89857,89828],{"class":75},[69,89859,1044],{"class":83},[69,89861,516],{"class":87},[69,89863,89835],{"class":75},[69,89865,1044],{"class":83},[69,89867,89868],{"class":87}," 6\n",[14,89870,89871,89872,25],{},"This kind of output is very helpful when you are trying to understand what your code is doing. For more debugging help, see ",[192,89873,89875],{"href":89874},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-debug-python-code-beginner-guide\u002F","how to debug Python code",[141,89877,2698],{"id":2697},[14,89879,89880,89881,25],{},"Here are some common beginner problems when using ",[17,89882,46118],{},[1369,89884,89886],{"id":89885},"forgetting-quotes-around-text","Forgetting quotes around text",[14,89888,89889],{},"This causes Python to think the word is a variable name.",[60,89891,89893],{"className":62,"code":89892,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(Hello)\n",[17,89894,89895],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,89896,89897,89899,89901,89903],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,89898,110],{"class":109},[69,89900,113],{"class":83},[69,89902,34525],{"class":121},[69,89904,221],{"class":83},[14,89906,8510,89907,89909],{},[17,89908,34525],{}," is not defined, Python raises an error.",[14,89911,10446],{},[60,89913,89915],{"className":62,"code":89914,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(\"Hello\")\n",[17,89916,89917],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,89918,89919,89921,89923,89925,89927,89929],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,89920,110],{"class":109},[69,89922,113],{"class":83},[69,89924,333],{"class":94},[69,89926,34525],{"class":336},[69,89928,333],{"class":94},[69,89930,221],{"class":83},[1369,89932,8050,89934,89936],{"id":89933},"using-print-without-parentheses-in-python-3",[17,89935,110],{}," without parentheses in Python 3",[14,89938,89939],{},"This is incorrect in Python 3:",[60,89941,89943],{"className":62,"code":89942,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print \"Hello\"\n",[17,89944,89945],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,89946,89947,89949,89951,89953],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,89948,110],{"class":109},[69,89950,964],{"class":94},[69,89952,34525],{"class":336},[69,89954,3224],{"class":94},[14,89956,10446],{},[60,89958,89959],{"className":62,"code":89914,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,89960,89961],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,89962,89963,89965,89967,89969,89971,89973],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,89964,110],{"class":109},[69,89966,113],{"class":83},[69,89968,333],{"class":94},[69,89970,34525],{"class":336},[69,89972,333],{"class":94},[69,89974,221],{"class":83},[1369,89976,89978,89979],{"id":89977},"trying-to-join-strings-and-numbers-with","Trying to join strings and numbers with ",[17,89980,1926],{},[14,89982,89983,89984,25],{},"This causes a ",[17,89985,2870],{},[60,89987,89988],{"className":62,"code":89076,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,89989,89990,89998],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,89991,89992,89994,89996],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,89993,21279],{"class":75},[69,89995,80],{"class":79},[69,89997,2454],{"class":87},[69,89999,90000,90002,90004,90006,90008,90010,90012,90014],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,90001,110],{"class":109},[69,90003,113],{"class":83},[69,90005,333],{"class":94},[69,90007,89097],{"class":336},[69,90009,333],{"class":94},[69,90011,2320],{"class":79},[69,90013,8824],{"class":121},[69,90015,221],{"class":83},[14,90017,90018],{},"Fix it by using multiple arguments:",[60,90020,90022],{"className":62,"code":90021,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(\"Age:\", age)\n",[17,90023,90024],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,90025,90026,90028,90030,90032,90034,90036,90038,90040],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,90027,110],{"class":109},[69,90029,113],{"class":83},[69,90031,333],{"class":94},[69,90033,88998],{"class":336},[69,90035,333],{"class":94},[69,90037,91],{"class":83},[69,90039,8824],{"class":121},[69,90041,221],{"class":83},[14,90043,90044],{},"Or convert the number first:",[60,90046,90048],{"className":62,"code":90047,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(\"Age: \" + str(age))\n",[17,90049,90050],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,90051,90052,90054,90056,90058,90060,90062,90064,90066,90068,90070],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,90053,110],{"class":109},[69,90055,113],{"class":83},[69,90057,333],{"class":94},[69,90059,89097],{"class":336},[69,90061,333],{"class":94},[69,90063,2320],{"class":79},[69,90065,48571],{"class":1126},[69,90067,113],{"class":83},[69,90069,8935],{"class":121},[69,90071,342],{"class":83},[14,90073,90074,90075,25],{},"If you see this error, read ",[192,90076,90078],{"href":90077},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-can-only-concatenate-str-not-int-to-str-fix\u002F","TypeError: can only concatenate str not int to str",[1369,90080,8086,90082,90084],{"id":90081},"expecting-print-to-return-a-value",[17,90083,46118],{}," to return a value",[14,90086,90087,90088,34988,90091,1044],{},"This does not store ",[17,90089,90090],{},"\"Hello\"",[17,90092,876],{},[60,90094,90096],{"className":62,"code":90095,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"result = print(\"Hello\")\n",[17,90097,90098],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,90099,90100,90102,90104,90106,90108,90110,90112,90114],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,90101,839],{"class":75},[69,90103,80],{"class":79},[69,90105,89601],{"class":109},[69,90107,113],{"class":83},[69,90109,333],{"class":94},[69,90111,34525],{"class":336},[69,90113,333],{"class":94},[69,90115,221],{"class":83},[14,90117,90118,90119,25],{},"It stores ",[17,90120,449],{},[1369,90122,90124,90125,587,90127],{"id":90123},"misunderstanding-sep-and-end","Misunderstanding ",[17,90126,89138],{},[17,90128,52329],{},[14,90130,85484],{},[30,90132,90133,90142],{},[33,90134,90135,90137,90138,90141],{},[17,90136,89138],{}," changes what goes ",[22,90139,90140],{},"between"," multiple values",[33,90143,90144,90146,90147,90150],{},[17,90145,52329],{}," changes what appears ",[22,90148,90149],{},"after"," the output",[141,90152,90154],{"id":90153},"useful-debugging-commands","Useful debugging commands",[14,90156,90157,90158,90160],{},"These simple ",[17,90159,46118],{}," examples can help you inspect your code:",[60,90162,90164],{"className":62,"code":90163,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)\nprint(type(variable_name))\nhelp(print)\n",[17,90165,90166,90186,90201],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,90167,90168,90170,90172,90174,90177,90179,90181,90184],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,90169,110],{"class":109},[69,90171,113],{"class":83},[69,90173,333],{"class":94},[69,90175,90176],{"class":336},"Debug:",[69,90178,333],{"class":94},[69,90180,91],{"class":83},[69,90182,90183],{"class":121}," variable_name",[69,90185,221],{"class":83},[69,90187,90188,90190,90192,90194,90196,90199],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,90189,110],{"class":109},[69,90191,113],{"class":83},[69,90193,3087],{"class":1126},[69,90195,113],{"class":83},[69,90197,90198],{"class":121},"variable_name",[69,90200,342],{"class":83},[69,90202,90203,90205,90207,90209],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,90204,31808],{"class":109},[69,90206,113],{"class":83},[69,90208,110],{"class":109},[69,90210,221],{"class":83},[14,90212,90213],{},"What they do:",[30,90215,90216,90222,90228],{},[33,90217,90218,90221],{},[17,90219,90220],{},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)"," shows the current value",[33,90223,90224,90227],{},[17,90225,90226],{},"print(type(variable_name))"," shows the value's type",[33,90229,90230,90233,90234],{},[17,90231,90232],{},"help(print)"," shows Python's built-in help for ",[17,90235,46118],{},[141,90237,1651],{"id":1650},[1369,90239,12347,90241,90243],{"id":90240},"does-print-add-a-new-line-automatically",[17,90242,46118],{}," add a new line automatically?",[14,90245,90246,90247,90249,90250,36282],{},"Yes. By default, ",[17,90248,46118],{}," ends with a newline. You can change this with the ",[17,90251,52329],{},[1369,90253,4996,90255,90257],{"id":90254},"can-print-show-more-than-one-value",[17,90256,46118],{}," show more than one value?",[14,90259,90260,90261,90263],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple arguments, and ",[17,90262,46118],{}," separates them with a space by default.",[1369,90265,4984,90267,4987,90270,2359],{"id":90266},"why-does-printhello-return-none",[17,90268,90269],{},"print(\"Hello\")",[17,90271,449],{},[14,90273,28715,90274,90276],{},[17,90275,46118],{}," is used for displaying output, not for returning data.",[1369,90278,90280],{"id":90279},"how-do-i-print-text-and-a-number-together","How do I print text and a number together?",[14,90282,90283],{},"Use multiple arguments:",[60,90285,90287],{"className":62,"code":90286,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(\"Age:\", 10)\n",[17,90288,90289],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,90290,90291,90293,90295,90297,90299,90301,90303,90305],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,90292,110],{"class":109},[69,90294,113],{"class":83},[69,90296,333],{"class":94},[69,90298,88998],{"class":336},[69,90300,333],{"class":94},[69,90302,91],{"class":83},[69,90304,826],{"class":87},[69,90306,221],{"class":83},[14,90308,90309,90310,39592],{},"You can also convert the number with ",[17,90311,47350],{},[1369,90313,5006,90315,587,90317,2359],{"id":90314},"what-is-the-difference-between-sep-and-end",[17,90316,89138],{},[17,90318,52329],{},[30,90320,90321,90326],{},[33,90322,90323,90325],{},[17,90324,89138],{}," changes the separator between multiple values",[33,90327,90328,90330],{},[17,90329,52329],{}," changes what appears after the output",[141,90332,1771],{"id":1770},[30,90334,90335,90339,90345,90351,90356,90361],{},[33,90336,90337],{},[192,90338,50644],{"href":50643},[33,90340,90341],{},[192,90342,3441,90343,1780],{"href":7851},[17,90344,2825],{},[33,90346,90347],{},[192,90348,3441,90349,1780],{"href":41839},[17,90350,47350],{},[33,90352,90353],{},[192,90354,90355],{"href":89364},"How to format strings in Python",[33,90357,90358],{},[192,90359,90360],{"href":89874},"How to debug Python code",[33,90362,90363],{},[192,90364,90078],{"href":90077},[1802,90366,90367],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":90369},[90370,90371,90373,90374,90380,90381,90382,90387,90393,90395,90397,90408,90409,90420],{"id":1869,"depth":106,"text":1870},{"id":88542,"depth":106,"text":90372},"What print() does",{"id":2023,"depth":106,"text":2024},{"id":88778,"depth":106,"text":88779,"children":90375},[90376,90377,90378,90379],{"id":88787,"depth":300,"text":88788},{"id":88828,"depth":300,"text":88829},{"id":88860,"depth":300,"text":88861},{"id":88887,"depth":300,"text":88888},{"id":88929,"depth":106,"text":88930},{"id":89125,"depth":106,"text":89126},{"id":89165,"depth":106,"text":90383,"children":90384},"sep argument",[90385,90386],{"id":89178,"depth":300,"text":89179},{"id":89228,"depth":300,"text":89229},{"id":89368,"depth":106,"text":90388,"children":90389},"end argument",[90390,90391,90392],{"id":89382,"depth":300,"text":89179},{"id":89435,"depth":300,"text":89436},{"id":89491,"depth":300,"text":89492},{"id":89575,"depth":106,"text":90394},"print() returns None",{"id":89712,"depth":106,"text":90396},"When beginners use print()",{"id":2697,"depth":106,"text":2698,"children":90398},[90399,90400,90402,90404,90406],{"id":89885,"depth":300,"text":89886},{"id":89933,"depth":300,"text":90401},"Using print without parentheses in Python 3",{"id":89977,"depth":300,"text":90403},"Trying to join strings and numbers with +",{"id":90081,"depth":300,"text":90405},"Expecting print() to return a value",{"id":90123,"depth":300,"text":90407},"Misunderstanding sep and end",{"id":90153,"depth":106,"text":90154},{"id":1650,"depth":106,"text":1651,"children":90410},[90411,90413,90415,90417,90418],{"id":90240,"depth":300,"text":90412},"Does print() add a new line automatically?",{"id":90254,"depth":300,"text":90414},"Can print() show more than one value?",{"id":90266,"depth":300,"text":90416},"Why does print(\"Hello\") return None?",{"id":90279,"depth":300,"text":90280},{"id":90314,"depth":300,"text":90419},"What is the difference between sep and end?",{"id":1770,"depth":106,"text":1771},"Master python print function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained",{"title":88425,"description":90421},"reference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained","ahZWQtbTzoCwOmu5w2Uese6Ncgk-ftfLLIvMyuu3nQc",{"id":90428,"title":90429,"body":90430,"description":92734,"extension":1828,"meta":92735,"navigation":833,"path":92736,"seo":92737,"stem":92738,"__hash__":92739},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained.md","Python range() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":90431,"toc":92680},[90432,90437,90442,90455,90457,90522,90533,90538,90543,90545,90568,90571,90602,90604,90621,90626,90632,90637,90686,90689,90706,90712,90717,90740,90742,90770,90776,90784,90811,90813,90838,90844,90847,90878,90880,90909,90913,90916,90921,90943,90945,90973,90979,90985,91011,91013,91037,91043,91049,91079,91081,91109,91119,91123,91129,91162,91164,91193,91196,91199,91232,91234,91242,91248,91250,91273,91278,91287,91292,91306,91308,91348,91350,91380,91384,91419,91425,91429,91473,91475,91505,91511,91514,91593,91595,91617,91625,91628,91691,91699,91774,91780,91787,91792,91797,91820,91822,91843,91845,91858,91860,91907,91909,91948,91957,91959,91963,91967,91970,91997,92000,92029,92032,92056,92059,92067,92073,92095,92097,92125,92129,92134,92189,92194,92196,92253,92260,92269,92272,92304,92306,92314,92317,92323,92325,92348,92351,92357,92360,92379,92381,92400,92403,92425,92427,92455,92459,92463,92568,92570,92583,92585,92591,92594,92602,92607,92613,92619,92624,92632,92638,92645,92647,92677],[10,90433,3441,90435,3444],{"id":90434},"python-range-function-explained",[17,90436,35858],{},[14,90438,31973,90439,90441],{},[17,90440,35858],{}," function creates a sequence of numbers.",[14,90443,90444,90445,90447,90448,90450,90451,90454],{},"Beginners usually use it in ",[17,90446,774],{}," loops to repeat something a certain number of times or to work with number patterns. A very important detail is that ",[17,90449,35858],{}," stops ",[22,90452,90453],{},"before"," the end value.",[141,90456,1870],{"id":1869},[60,90458,90460],{"className":62,"code":90459,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n\n# Output:\n# 0\n# 1\n# 2\n# 3\n# 4\n",[17,90461,90462,90478,90488,90492,90497,90502,90507,90512,90517],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,90463,90464,90466,90468,90470,90472,90474,90476],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,90465,774],{"class":773},[69,90467,69220],{"class":75},[69,90469,780],{"class":773},[69,90471,53739],{"class":109},[69,90473,113],{"class":83},[69,90475,670],{"class":87},[69,90477,7974],{"class":83},[69,90479,90480,90482,90484,90486],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,90481,7700],{"class":109},[69,90483,113],{"class":83},[69,90485,35814],{"class":121},[69,90487,221],{"class":83},[69,90489,90490],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,90491,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,90493,90494],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,90495,90496],{"class":128},"# Output:\n",[69,90498,90499],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,90500,90501],{"class":128},"# 0\n",[69,90503,90504],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,90505,90506],{"class":128},"# 1\n",[69,90508,90509],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,90510,90511],{"class":128},"# 2\n",[69,90513,90514],{"class":71,"line":1269},[69,90515,90516],{"class":128},"# 3\n",[69,90518,90519],{"class":71,"line":1275},[69,90520,90521],{"class":128},"# 4\n",[14,90523,90524,90527,90528,90530,90531,25],{},[17,90525,90526],{},"range(5)"," creates numbers starting at ",[17,90529,88],{}," and stopping before ",[17,90532,670],{},[141,90534,3540,90536,3543],{"id":90535},"what-range-does",[17,90537,35858],{},[14,90539,90540,90542],{},[17,90541,35858],{}," is used to generate numbers in order.",[14,90544,12696],{},[30,90546,90547,90552,90558,90563],{},[33,90548,90549,90551],{},[17,90550,35858],{}," creates a sequence of numbers",[33,90553,90554,90555,90557],{},"It is commonly used with ",[17,90556,774],{}," loops",[33,90559,90560,90561],{},"The stop value is ",[22,90562,64741],{},[33,90564,17070,90565,90567],{},[17,90566,59669],{}," object, not a regular list",[14,90569,90570],{},"You will often see it with a loop like this:",[60,90572,90574],{"className":62,"code":90573,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"for number in range(3):\n    print(number)\n",[17,90575,90576,90592],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,90577,90578,90580,90582,90584,90586,90588,90590],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,90579,774],{"class":773},[69,90581,1228],{"class":75},[69,90583,780],{"class":773},[69,90585,53739],{"class":109},[69,90587,113],{"class":83},[69,90589,1929],{"class":87},[69,90591,7974],{"class":83},[69,90593,90594,90596,90598,90600],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,90595,7700],{"class":109},[69,90597,113],{"class":83},[69,90599,2106],{"class":121},[69,90601,221],{"class":83},[14,90603,643],{},[60,90605,90607],{"className":62,"code":90606,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"0\n1\n2\n",[17,90608,90609,90613,90617],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,90610,90611],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,90612,46918],{"class":87},[69,90614,90615],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,90616,46583],{"class":87},[69,90618,90619],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,90620,16704],{"class":87},[14,90622,90623,90624,25],{},"If you are still learning loops, see ",[192,90625,35688],{"href":35687},[141,90627,90629,90631],{"id":90628},"range-syntax",[17,90630,35858],{}," syntax",[14,90633,90634,90636],{},[17,90635,35858],{}," has three common forms:",[60,90638,90640],{"className":62,"code":90639,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"range(stop)\nrange(start, stop)\nrange(start, stop, step)\n",[17,90641,90642,90652,90667],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,90643,90644,90646,90648,90650],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,90645,59669],{"class":109},[69,90647,113],{"class":83},[69,90649,75098],{"class":121},[69,90651,221],{"class":83},[69,90653,90654,90656,90658,90660,90662,90665],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,90655,59669],{"class":109},[69,90657,113],{"class":83},[69,90659,35732],{"class":121},[69,90661,91],{"class":83},[69,90663,90664],{"class":121}," stop",[69,90666,221],{"class":83},[69,90668,90669,90671,90673,90675,90677,90679,90681,90684],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,90670,59669],{"class":109},[69,90672,113],{"class":83},[69,90674,35732],{"class":121},[69,90676,91],{"class":83},[69,90678,90664],{"class":121},[69,90680,91],{"class":83},[69,90682,90683],{"class":121}," step",[69,90685,221],{"class":83},[14,90687,90688],{},"Meaning of each argument:",[30,90690,90691,90696,90701],{},[33,90692,90693,90695],{},[17,90694,35732],{}," = first number",[33,90697,90698,90700],{},[17,90699,75098],{}," = end limit, not included",[33,90702,90703,90705],{},[17,90704,75101],{}," = amount to move each time",[1369,90707,90709],{"id":90708},"rangestop",[17,90710,90711],{},"range(stop)",[14,90713,90714,90715,25],{},"When you give one value, Python treats it as the stop value and starts from ",[17,90716,88],{},[60,90718,90720],{"className":62,"code":90719,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(list(range(5)))\n",[17,90721,90722],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,90723,90724,90726,90728,90730,90732,90734,90736,90738],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,90725,110],{"class":109},[69,90727,113],{"class":83},[69,90729,7725],{"class":1126},[69,90731,113],{"class":83},[69,90733,59669],{"class":109},[69,90735,113],{"class":83},[69,90737,670],{"class":87},[69,90739,297],{"class":83},[14,90741,643],{},[60,90743,90744],{"className":62,"code":59692,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,90745,90746],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,90747,90748,90750,90752,90754,90756,90758,90760,90762,90764,90766,90768],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,90749,3739],{"class":83},[69,90751,88],{"class":87},[69,90753,91],{"class":83},[69,90755,272],{"class":87},[69,90757,91],{"class":83},[69,90759,316],{"class":87},[69,90761,91],{"class":83},[69,90763,516],{"class":87},[69,90765,91],{"class":83},[69,90767,2323],{"class":87},[69,90769,103],{"class":83},[1369,90771,90773],{"id":90772},"rangestart-stop",[17,90774,90775],{},"range(start, stop)",[14,90777,90778,90779,90781,90782,25],{},"This starts at ",[17,90780,35732],{}," and stops before ",[17,90783,75098],{},[60,90785,90787],{"className":62,"code":90786,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(list(range(2, 6)))\n",[17,90788,90789],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,90790,90791,90793,90795,90797,90799,90801,90803,90805,90807,90809],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,90792,110],{"class":109},[69,90794,113],{"class":83},[69,90796,7725],{"class":1126},[69,90798,113],{"class":83},[69,90800,59669],{"class":109},[69,90802,113],{"class":83},[69,90804,821],{"class":87},[69,90806,91],{"class":83},[69,90808,37305],{"class":87},[69,90810,297],{"class":83},[14,90812,643],{},[60,90814,90816],{"className":62,"code":90815,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[17,90817,90818],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,90819,90820,90822,90824,90826,90828,90830,90832,90834,90836],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,90821,3739],{"class":83},[69,90823,821],{"class":87},[69,90825,91],{"class":83},[69,90827,516],{"class":87},[69,90829,91],{"class":83},[69,90831,2323],{"class":87},[69,90833,91],{"class":83},[69,90835,100],{"class":87},[69,90837,103],{"class":83},[1369,90839,90841],{"id":90840},"rangestart-stop-step",[17,90842,90843],{},"range(start, stop, step)",[14,90845,90846],{},"This also lets you control how much the value changes each time.",[60,90848,90850],{"className":62,"code":90849,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(list(range(1, 10, 2)))\n",[17,90851,90852],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,90853,90854,90856,90858,90860,90862,90864,90866,90868,90870,90872,90874,90876],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,90855,110],{"class":109},[69,90857,113],{"class":83},[69,90859,7725],{"class":1126},[69,90861,113],{"class":83},[69,90863,59669],{"class":109},[69,90865,113],{"class":83},[69,90867,473],{"class":87},[69,90869,91],{"class":83},[69,90871,826],{"class":87},[69,90873,91],{"class":83},[69,90875,316],{"class":87},[69,90877,297],{"class":83},[14,90879,643],{},[60,90881,90883],{"className":62,"code":90882,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]\n",[17,90884,90885],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,90886,90887,90889,90891,90893,90895,90897,90899,90901,90903,90905,90907],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,90888,3739],{"class":83},[69,90890,473],{"class":87},[69,90892,91],{"class":83},[69,90894,516],{"class":87},[69,90896,91],{"class":83},[69,90898,100],{"class":87},[69,90900,91],{"class":83},[69,90902,813],{"class":87},[69,90904,91],{"class":83},[69,90906,53805],{"class":87},[69,90908,103],{"class":83},[141,90910,90912],{"id":90911},"how-the-arguments-work","How the arguments work",[14,90914,90915],{},"Here are the most common patterns beginners use.",[1369,90917,90919],{"id":90918},"range5",[17,90920,90526],{},[60,90922,90923],{"className":62,"code":90719,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,90924,90925],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,90926,90927,90929,90931,90933,90935,90937,90939,90941],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,90928,110],{"class":109},[69,90930,113],{"class":83},[69,90932,7725],{"class":1126},[69,90934,113],{"class":83},[69,90936,59669],{"class":109},[69,90938,113],{"class":83},[69,90940,670],{"class":87},[69,90942,297],{"class":83},[14,90944,643],{},[60,90946,90947],{"className":62,"code":59692,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,90948,90949],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,90950,90951,90953,90955,90957,90959,90961,90963,90965,90967,90969,90971],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,90952,3739],{"class":83},[69,90954,88],{"class":87},[69,90956,91],{"class":83},[69,90958,272],{"class":87},[69,90960,91],{"class":83},[69,90962,316],{"class":87},[69,90964,91],{"class":83},[69,90966,516],{"class":87},[69,90968,91],{"class":83},[69,90970,2323],{"class":87},[69,90972,103],{"class":83},[14,90974,90778,90975,90781,90977,25],{},[17,90976,88],{},[17,90978,670],{},[1369,90980,90982],{"id":90981},"range2-6",[17,90983,90984],{},"range(2, 6)",[60,90986,90987],{"className":62,"code":90786,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,90988,90989],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,90990,90991,90993,90995,90997,90999,91001,91003,91005,91007,91009],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,90992,110],{"class":109},[69,90994,113],{"class":83},[69,90996,7725],{"class":1126},[69,90998,113],{"class":83},[69,91000,59669],{"class":109},[69,91002,113],{"class":83},[69,91004,821],{"class":87},[69,91006,91],{"class":83},[69,91008,37305],{"class":87},[69,91010,297],{"class":83},[14,91012,643],{},[60,91014,91015],{"className":62,"code":90815,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,91016,91017],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,91018,91019,91021,91023,91025,91027,91029,91031,91033,91035],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,91020,3739],{"class":83},[69,91022,821],{"class":87},[69,91024,91],{"class":83},[69,91026,516],{"class":87},[69,91028,91],{"class":83},[69,91030,2323],{"class":87},[69,91032,91],{"class":83},[69,91034,100],{"class":87},[69,91036,103],{"class":83},[14,91038,90778,91039,90781,91041,25],{},[17,91040,821],{},[17,91042,80266],{},[1369,91044,91046],{"id":91045},"range1-10-2",[17,91047,91048],{},"range(1, 10, 2)",[60,91050,91051],{"className":62,"code":90849,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,91052,91053],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,91054,91055,91057,91059,91061,91063,91065,91067,91069,91071,91073,91075,91077],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,91056,110],{"class":109},[69,91058,113],{"class":83},[69,91060,7725],{"class":1126},[69,91062,113],{"class":83},[69,91064,59669],{"class":109},[69,91066,113],{"class":83},[69,91068,473],{"class":87},[69,91070,91],{"class":83},[69,91072,826],{"class":87},[69,91074,91],{"class":83},[69,91076,316],{"class":87},[69,91078,297],{"class":83},[14,91080,643],{},[60,91082,91083],{"className":62,"code":90882,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,91084,91085],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,91086,91087,91089,91091,91093,91095,91097,91099,91101,91103,91105,91107],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,91088,3739],{"class":83},[69,91090,473],{"class":87},[69,91092,91],{"class":83},[69,91094,516],{"class":87},[69,91096,91],{"class":83},[69,91098,100],{"class":87},[69,91100,91],{"class":83},[69,91102,813],{"class":87},[69,91104,91],{"class":83},[69,91106,53805],{"class":87},[69,91108,103],{"class":83},[14,91110,91111,91112,91114,91115,60972,91117,25],{},"This moves by ",[17,91113,821],{}," each time, so it gives odd numbers from ",[17,91116,473],{},[17,91118,2010],{},[1369,91120,91122],{"id":91121},"using-a-negative-step","Using a negative step",[14,91124,91125,91126,91128],{},"A negative step makes ",[17,91127,35858],{}," count backward.",[60,91130,91132],{"className":62,"code":91131,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(list(range(5, 0, -1)))\n",[17,91133,91134],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,91135,91136,91138,91140,91142,91144,91146,91148,91150,91152,91154,91156,91158,91160],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,91137,110],{"class":109},[69,91139,113],{"class":83},[69,91141,7725],{"class":1126},[69,91143,113],{"class":83},[69,91145,59669],{"class":109},[69,91147,113],{"class":83},[69,91149,670],{"class":87},[69,91151,91],{"class":83},[69,91153,267],{"class":87},[69,91155,91],{"class":83},[69,91157,818],{"class":79},[69,91159,473],{"class":87},[69,91161,297],{"class":83},[14,91163,643],{},[60,91165,91167],{"className":62,"code":91166,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]\n",[17,91168,91169],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,91170,91171,91173,91175,91177,91179,91181,91183,91185,91187,91189,91191],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,91172,3739],{"class":83},[69,91174,670],{"class":87},[69,91176,91],{"class":83},[69,91178,2323],{"class":87},[69,91180,91],{"class":83},[69,91182,516],{"class":87},[69,91184,91],{"class":83},[69,91186,316],{"class":87},[69,91188,91],{"class":83},[69,91190,272],{"class":87},[69,91192,103],{"class":83},[14,91194,91195],{},"This works because the numbers move downward.",[14,91197,91198],{},"If the direction does not match the step, you may get an empty result:",[60,91200,91202],{"className":62,"code":91201,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(list(range(1, 5, -1)))\n",[17,91203,91204],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,91205,91206,91208,91210,91212,91214,91216,91218,91220,91222,91224,91226,91228,91230],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,91207,110],{"class":109},[69,91209,113],{"class":83},[69,91211,7725],{"class":1126},[69,91213,113],{"class":83},[69,91215,59669],{"class":109},[69,91217,113],{"class":83},[69,91219,473],{"class":87},[69,91221,91],{"class":83},[69,91223,100],{"class":87},[69,91225,91],{"class":83},[69,91227,818],{"class":79},[69,91229,473],{"class":87},[69,91231,297],{"class":83},[14,91233,643],{},[60,91235,91236],{"className":62,"code":37959,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,91237,91238],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,91239,91240],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,91241,37959],{"class":83},[1369,91243,91244,76261,91246],{"id":76485},[17,91245,75101],{},[17,91247,88],{},[14,91249,2705],{},[60,91251,91253],{"className":62,"code":91252,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"range(1, 5, 0)\n",[17,91254,91255],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,91256,91257,91259,91261,91263,91265,91267,91269,91271],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,91258,59669],{"class":109},[69,91260,113],{"class":83},[69,91262,473],{"class":87},[69,91264,91],{"class":83},[69,91266,100],{"class":87},[69,91268,91],{"class":83},[69,91270,267],{"class":87},[69,91272,221],{"class":83},[14,91274,76530,91275,91277],{},[17,91276,40367],{}," because it cannot move by zero.",[141,91279,8050,91281,91283,91284,91286],{"id":91280},"using-range-in-a-for-loop",[17,91282,35858],{}," in a ",[17,91285,774],{}," loop",[14,91288,91289,91291],{},[17,91290,35858],{}," is most useful when:",[30,91293,91294,91297,91300],{},[33,91295,91296],{},"You want to repeat something a set number of times",[33,91298,91299],{},"You need the current number in each loop",[33,91301,91302,91303],{},"You are using the common pattern ",[17,91304,91305],{},"for i in range(n)",[14,91307,2076],{},[60,91309,91311],{"className":62,"code":91310,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"for i in range(3):\n    print(\"Loop number:\", i)\n",[17,91312,91313,91329],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,91314,91315,91317,91319,91321,91323,91325,91327],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,91316,774],{"class":773},[69,91318,69220],{"class":75},[69,91320,780],{"class":773},[69,91322,53739],{"class":109},[69,91324,113],{"class":83},[69,91326,1929],{"class":87},[69,91328,7974],{"class":83},[69,91330,91331,91333,91335,91337,91340,91342,91344,91346],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,91332,7700],{"class":109},[69,91334,113],{"class":83},[69,91336,333],{"class":94},[69,91338,91339],{"class":336},"Loop number:",[69,91341,333],{"class":94},[69,91343,91],{"class":83},[69,91345,35789],{"class":121},[69,91347,221],{"class":83},[14,91349,643],{},[60,91351,91353],{"className":62,"code":91352,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Loop number: 0\nLoop number: 1\nLoop number: 2\n",[17,91354,91355,91364,91372],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,91356,91357,91360,91362],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,91358,91359],{"class":75},"Loop number",[69,91361,1044],{"class":83},[69,91363,38175],{"class":87},[69,91365,91366,91368,91370],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,91367,91359],{"class":75},[69,91369,1044],{"class":83},[69,91371,29269],{"class":87},[69,91373,91374,91376,91378],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,91375,91359],{"class":75},[69,91377,1044],{"class":83},[69,91379,45255],{"class":87},[1369,91381,91383],{"id":91382},"repeating-something-a-fixed-number-of-times","Repeating something a fixed number of times",[60,91385,91387],{"className":62,"code":91386,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"for i in range(5):\n    print(\"Hello\")\n",[17,91388,91389,91405],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,91390,91391,91393,91395,91397,91399,91401,91403],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,91392,774],{"class":773},[69,91394,69220],{"class":75},[69,91396,780],{"class":773},[69,91398,53739],{"class":109},[69,91400,113],{"class":83},[69,91402,670],{"class":87},[69,91404,7974],{"class":83},[69,91406,91407,91409,91411,91413,91415,91417],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,91408,7700],{"class":109},[69,91410,113],{"class":83},[69,91412,333],{"class":94},[69,91414,34525],{"class":336},[69,91416,333],{"class":94},[69,91418,221],{"class":83},[14,91420,91421,91422,91424],{},"This prints ",[17,91423,90090],{}," five times.",[1369,91426,91428],{"id":91427},"using-the-current-number","Using the current number",[60,91430,91432],{"className":62,"code":91431,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"for i in range(1, 4):\n    print(\"Current number is\", i)\n",[17,91433,91434,91454],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,91435,91436,91438,91440,91442,91444,91446,91448,91450,91452],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,91437,774],{"class":773},[69,91439,69220],{"class":75},[69,91441,780],{"class":773},[69,91443,53739],{"class":109},[69,91445,113],{"class":83},[69,91447,473],{"class":87},[69,91449,91],{"class":83},[69,91451,2323],{"class":87},[69,91453,7974],{"class":83},[69,91455,91456,91458,91460,91462,91465,91467,91469,91471],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,91457,7700],{"class":109},[69,91459,113],{"class":83},[69,91461,333],{"class":94},[69,91463,91464],{"class":336},"Current number is",[69,91466,333],{"class":94},[69,91468,91],{"class":83},[69,91470,35789],{"class":121},[69,91472,221],{"class":83},[14,91474,643],{},[60,91476,91478],{"className":62,"code":91477,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Current number is 1\nCurrent number is 2\nCurrent number is 3\n",[17,91479,91480,91489,91497],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,91481,91482,91485,91487],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,91483,91484],{"class":75},"Current number ",[69,91486,11836],{"class":79},[69,91488,29269],{"class":87},[69,91490,91491,91493,91495],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,91492,91484],{"class":75},[69,91494,11836],{"class":79},[69,91496,45255],{"class":87},[69,91498,91499,91501,91503],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,91500,91484],{"class":75},[69,91502,11836],{"class":79},[69,91504,2444],{"class":87},[1369,91506,91508,91510],{"id":91507},"range-and-indexing",[17,91509,35858],{}," and indexing",[14,91512,91513],{},"You may see code like this:",[60,91515,91517],{"className":62,"code":91516,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(items)):\n    print(i, items[i])\n",[17,91518,91519,91551,91555,91575],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,91520,91521,91523,91525,91527,91529,91531,91533,91535,91537,91539,91541,91543,91545,91547,91549],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,91522,7409],{"class":75},[69,91524,80],{"class":79},[69,91526,84],{"class":83},[69,91528,333],{"class":94},[69,91530,192],{"class":336},[69,91532,333],{"class":94},[69,91534,91],{"class":83},[69,91536,964],{"class":94},[69,91538,4587],{"class":336},[69,91540,333],{"class":94},[69,91542,91],{"class":83},[69,91544,964],{"class":94},[69,91546,9376],{"class":336},[69,91548,333],{"class":94},[69,91550,103],{"class":83},[69,91552,91553],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,91554,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,91556,91557,91559,91561,91563,91565,91567,91569,91571,91573],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,91558,774],{"class":773},[69,91560,69220],{"class":75},[69,91562,780],{"class":773},[69,91564,53739],{"class":109},[69,91566,113],{"class":83},[69,91568,10801],{"class":109},[69,91570,113],{"class":83},[69,91572,7440],{"class":121},[69,91574,69235],{"class":83},[69,91576,91577,91579,91581,91583,91585,91587,91589,91591],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,91578,7700],{"class":109},[69,91580,113],{"class":83},[69,91582,35814],{"class":121},[69,91584,91],{"class":83},[69,91586,783],{"class":121},[69,91588,3739],{"class":83},[69,91590,35814],{"class":121},[69,91592,3727],{"class":83},[14,91594,643],{},[60,91596,91597],{"className":62,"code":35826,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,91598,91599,91605,91611],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,91600,91601,91603],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,91602,88],{"class":87},[69,91604,35835],{"class":75},[69,91606,91607,91609],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,91608,473],{"class":87},[69,91610,35842],{"class":75},[69,91612,91613,91615],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,91614,821],{"class":87},[69,91616,35849],{"class":75},[14,91618,91619,91620,91624],{},"This works, and it uses ",[192,91621,91622],{"href":42022},[17,91623,42025],{}," to get the number of items.",[14,91626,91627],{},"But for beginners, direct looping is often simpler:",[60,91629,91631],{"className":62,"code":91630,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor item in items:\n    print(item)\n",[17,91632,91633,91665,91669,91681],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,91634,91635,91637,91639,91641,91643,91645,91647,91649,91651,91653,91655,91657,91659,91661,91663],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,91636,7409],{"class":75},[69,91638,80],{"class":79},[69,91640,84],{"class":83},[69,91642,333],{"class":94},[69,91644,192],{"class":336},[69,91646,333],{"class":94},[69,91648,91],{"class":83},[69,91650,964],{"class":94},[69,91652,4587],{"class":336},[69,91654,333],{"class":94},[69,91656,91],{"class":83},[69,91658,964],{"class":94},[69,91660,9376],{"class":336},[69,91662,333],{"class":94},[69,91664,103],{"class":83},[69,91666,91667],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,91668,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,91670,91671,91673,91675,91677,91679],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,91672,774],{"class":773},[69,91674,777],{"class":75},[69,91676,780],{"class":773},[69,91678,783],{"class":75},[69,91680,1235],{"class":83},[69,91682,91683,91685,91687,91689],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,91684,7700],{"class":109},[69,91686,113],{"class":83},[69,91688,22962],{"class":121},[69,91690,221],{"class":83},[14,91692,36253,91693,91698],{},[192,91694,91696],{"href":91695},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained\u002F",[17,91697,35408],{}," is usually a better choice:",[60,91700,91702],{"className":62,"code":91701,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor index, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(index, item)\n",[17,91703,91704,91736,91740,91760],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,91705,91706,91708,91710,91712,91714,91716,91718,91720,91722,91724,91726,91728,91730,91732,91734],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,91707,7409],{"class":75},[69,91709,80],{"class":79},[69,91711,84],{"class":83},[69,91713,333],{"class":94},[69,91715,192],{"class":336},[69,91717,333],{"class":94},[69,91719,91],{"class":83},[69,91721,964],{"class":94},[69,91723,4587],{"class":336},[69,91725,333],{"class":94},[69,91727,91],{"class":83},[69,91729,964],{"class":94},[69,91731,9376],{"class":336},[69,91733,333],{"class":94},[69,91735,103],{"class":83},[69,91737,91738],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,91739,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,91741,91742,91744,91746,91748,91750,91752,91754,91756,91758],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,91743,774],{"class":773},[69,91745,35480],{"class":75},[69,91747,91],{"class":83},[69,91749,777],{"class":75},[69,91751,780],{"class":773},[69,91753,35490],{"class":109},[69,91755,113],{"class":83},[69,91757,7440],{"class":121},[69,91759,7974],{"class":83},[69,91761,91762,91764,91766,91768,91770,91772],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,91763,7700],{"class":109},[69,91765,113],{"class":83},[69,91767,35505],{"class":121},[69,91769,91],{"class":83},[69,91771,29161],{"class":121},[69,91773,221],{"class":83},[14,91775,78790,91776,25],{},[192,91777,36266,91778,36269],{"href":36265},[17,91779,35408],{},[141,91781,91783,91784,91786],{"id":91782},"converting-range-to-a-list","Converting ",[17,91785,35858],{}," to a list",[14,91788,91789,91791],{},[17,91790,35858],{}," does not directly show all numbers as a normal list.",[14,91793,91794,91795,1044],{},"To see the values, convert it with ",[17,91796,24433],{},[60,91798,91800],{"className":62,"code":91799,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(list(range(3)))\n",[17,91801,91802],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,91803,91804,91806,91808,91810,91812,91814,91816,91818],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,91805,110],{"class":109},[69,91807,113],{"class":83},[69,91809,7725],{"class":1126},[69,91811,113],{"class":83},[69,91813,59669],{"class":109},[69,91815,113],{"class":83},[69,91817,1929],{"class":87},[69,91819,297],{"class":83},[14,91821,643],{},[60,91823,91825],{"className":62,"code":91824,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[0, 1, 2]\n",[17,91826,91827],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,91828,91829,91831,91833,91835,91837,91839,91841],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,91830,3739],{"class":83},[69,91832,88],{"class":87},[69,91834,91],{"class":83},[69,91836,272],{"class":87},[69,91838,91],{"class":83},[69,91840,316],{"class":87},[69,91842,103],{"class":83},[14,91844,32968],{},[30,91846,91847,91852,91855],{},[33,91848,91849,91850,41749],{},"learning how ",[17,91851,35858],{},[33,91853,91854],{},"checking your values",[33,91856,91857],{},"debugging code",[14,91859,244],{},[60,91861,91863],{"className":62,"code":91862,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = range(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(list(numbers))\n",[17,91864,91865,91879,91883,91893],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,91866,91867,91869,91871,91873,91875,91877],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,91868,801],{"class":75},[69,91870,80],{"class":79},[69,91872,53739],{"class":109},[69,91874,113],{"class":83},[69,91876,808],{"class":87},[69,91878,221],{"class":83},[69,91880,91881],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,91882,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,91884,91885,91887,91889,91891],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,91886,110],{"class":109},[69,91888,113],{"class":83},[69,91890,3512],{"class":121},[69,91892,221],{"class":83},[69,91894,91895,91897,91899,91901,91903,91905],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,91896,110],{"class":109},[69,91898,113],{"class":83},[69,91900,7725],{"class":1126},[69,91902,113],{"class":83},[69,91904,3512],{"class":121},[69,91906,342],{"class":83},[14,91908,643],{},[60,91910,91912],{"className":62,"code":91911,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"range(0, 4)\n[0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[17,91913,91914,91928],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,91915,91916,91918,91920,91922,91924,91926],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,91917,59669],{"class":109},[69,91919,113],{"class":83},[69,91921,88],{"class":87},[69,91923,91],{"class":83},[69,91925,2323],{"class":87},[69,91927,221],{"class":83},[69,91929,91930,91932,91934,91936,91938,91940,91942,91944,91946],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,91931,3739],{"class":83},[69,91933,88],{"class":87},[69,91935,91],{"class":83},[69,91937,272],{"class":87},[69,91939,91],{"class":83},[69,91941,316],{"class":87},[69,91943,91],{"class":83},[69,91945,516],{"class":87},[69,91947,103],{"class":83},[14,91949,91950,91951,10223,91953,91956],{},"If you want to understand this difference more clearly, see Python ",[17,91952,59669],{},[17,91954,91955],{},"list(range)"," explained.",[141,91958,1362],{"id":1361},[14,91960,33197,91961,25],{},[17,91962,35858],{},[1369,91964,91966],{"id":91965},"expecting-the-stop-value-to-be-included","Expecting the stop value to be included",[14,91968,91969],{},"Many beginners think this:",[60,91971,91973],{"className":62,"code":91972,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(list(range(1, 5)))\n",[17,91974,91975],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,91976,91977,91979,91981,91983,91985,91987,91989,91991,91993,91995],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,91978,110],{"class":109},[69,91980,113],{"class":83},[69,91982,7725],{"class":1126},[69,91984,113],{"class":83},[69,91986,59669],{"class":109},[69,91988,113],{"class":83},[69,91990,473],{"class":87},[69,91992,91],{"class":83},[69,91994,100],{"class":87},[69,91996,297],{"class":83},[14,91998,91999],{},"will produce:",[60,92001,92003],{"className":62,"code":92002,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[17,92004,92005],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,92006,92007,92009,92011,92013,92015,92017,92019,92021,92023,92025,92027],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,92008,3739],{"class":83},[69,92010,473],{"class":87},[69,92012,91],{"class":83},[69,92014,316],{"class":87},[69,92016,91],{"class":83},[69,92018,516],{"class":87},[69,92020,91],{"class":83},[69,92022,2323],{"class":87},[69,92024,91],{"class":83},[69,92026,100],{"class":87},[69,92028,103],{"class":83},[14,92030,92031],{},"But the real output is:",[60,92033,92034],{"className":62,"code":53174,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,92035,92036],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,92037,92038,92040,92042,92044,92046,92048,92050,92052,92054],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,92039,3739],{"class":83},[69,92041,473],{"class":87},[69,92043,91],{"class":83},[69,92045,316],{"class":87},[69,92047,91],{"class":83},[69,92049,516],{"class":87},[69,92051,91],{"class":83},[69,92053,2323],{"class":87},[69,92055,103],{"class":83},[14,92057,92058],{},"The stop value is excluded.",[1369,92060,4406,92062,92064,92065],{"id":92061},"assuming-range5-starts-at-1",[17,92063,90526],{}," starts at ",[17,92066,473],{},[14,92068,37129,92069,18613,92071,25],{},[17,92070,88],{},[17,92072,473],{},[60,92074,92075],{"className":62,"code":90719,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,92076,92077],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,92078,92079,92081,92083,92085,92087,92089,92091,92093],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,92080,110],{"class":109},[69,92082,113],{"class":83},[69,92084,7725],{"class":1126},[69,92086,113],{"class":83},[69,92088,59669],{"class":109},[69,92090,113],{"class":83},[69,92092,670],{"class":87},[69,92094,297],{"class":83},[14,92096,643],{},[60,92098,92099],{"className":62,"code":59692,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,92100,92101],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,92102,92103,92105,92107,92109,92111,92113,92115,92117,92119,92121,92123],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,92104,3739],{"class":83},[69,92106,88],{"class":87},[69,92108,91],{"class":83},[69,92110,272],{"class":87},[69,92112,91],{"class":83},[69,92114,316],{"class":87},[69,92116,91],{"class":83},[69,92118,516],{"class":87},[69,92120,91],{"class":83},[69,92122,2323],{"class":87},[69,92124,103],{"class":83},[1369,92126,92128],{"id":92127},"using-a-string-instead-of-an-integer","Using a string instead of an integer",[14,92130,92131,92132,1044],{},"This often happens with ",[17,92133,2825],{},[60,92135,92137],{"className":62,"code":92136,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"user_number = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[17,92138,92139,92158,92162,92179],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,92140,92141,92144,92146,92148,92150,92152,92154,92156],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,92142,92143],{"class":75},"user_number ",[69,92145,80],{"class":79},[69,92147,7874],{"class":109},[69,92149,113],{"class":83},[69,92151,333],{"class":94},[69,92153,41535],{"class":336},[69,92155,333],{"class":94},[69,92157,221],{"class":83},[69,92159,92160],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,92161,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,92163,92164,92166,92168,92170,92172,92174,92177],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,92165,774],{"class":773},[69,92167,69220],{"class":75},[69,92169,780],{"class":773},[69,92171,53739],{"class":109},[69,92173,113],{"class":83},[69,92175,92176],{"class":121},"user_number",[69,92178,7974],{"class":83},[69,92180,92181,92183,92185,92187],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,92182,7700],{"class":109},[69,92184,113],{"class":83},[69,92186,35814],{"class":121},[69,92188,221],{"class":83},[14,92190,48177,92191,92193],{},[17,92192,2825],{}," returns a string.",[14,92195,10446],{},[60,92197,92199],{"className":62,"code":92198,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"user_number = int(input(\"Enter a number: \"))\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[17,92200,92201,92223,92227,92243],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,92202,92203,92205,92207,92209,92211,92213,92215,92217,92219,92221],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,92204,92143],{"class":75},[69,92206,80],{"class":79},[69,92208,44942],{"class":1126},[69,92210,113],{"class":83},[69,92212,42127],{"class":109},[69,92214,113],{"class":83},[69,92216,333],{"class":94},[69,92218,41535],{"class":336},[69,92220,333],{"class":94},[69,92222,342],{"class":83},[69,92224,92225],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,92226,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,92228,92229,92231,92233,92235,92237,92239,92241],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,92230,774],{"class":773},[69,92232,69220],{"class":75},[69,92234,780],{"class":773},[69,92236,53739],{"class":109},[69,92238,113],{"class":83},[69,92240,92176],{"class":121},[69,92242,7974],{"class":83},[69,92244,92245,92247,92249,92251],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,92246,7700],{"class":109},[69,92248,113],{"class":83},[69,92250,35814],{"class":121},[69,92252,221],{"class":83},[14,92254,92255,92256,25],{},"If you see an error here, read ",[192,92257,50191,92258],{"href":50190},[17,92259,50194],{},[1369,92261,92263,92264,92266,92267],{"id":92262},"using-a-negative-step-with-start-smaller-than-stop","Using a negative step with ",[17,92265,35732],{}," smaller than ",[17,92268,75098],{},[14,92270,92271],{},"This does not count backward correctly:",[60,92273,92274],{"className":62,"code":91201,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,92275,92276],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,92277,92278,92280,92282,92284,92286,92288,92290,92292,92294,92296,92298,92300,92302],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,92279,110],{"class":109},[69,92281,113],{"class":83},[69,92283,7725],{"class":1126},[69,92285,113],{"class":83},[69,92287,59669],{"class":109},[69,92289,113],{"class":83},[69,92291,473],{"class":87},[69,92293,91],{"class":83},[69,92295,100],{"class":87},[69,92297,91],{"class":83},[69,92299,818],{"class":79},[69,92301,473],{"class":87},[69,92303,297],{"class":83},[14,92305,643],{},[60,92307,92308],{"className":62,"code":37959,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,92309,92310],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,92311,92312],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,92313,37959],{"class":83},[14,92315,92316],{},"If the step is negative, the start usually needs to be larger than the stop.",[1369,92318,25269,92320],{"id":92319},"trying-to-use-step-0",[17,92321,92322],{},"step = 0",[14,92324,77241],{},[60,92326,92328],{"className":62,"code":92327,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"range(1, 10, 0)\n",[17,92329,92330],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,92331,92332,92334,92336,92338,92340,92342,92344,92346],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,92333,59669],{"class":109},[69,92335,113],{"class":83},[69,92337,473],{"class":87},[69,92339,91],{"class":83},[69,92341,826],{"class":87},[69,92343,91],{"class":83},[69,92345,267],{"class":87},[69,92347,221],{"class":83},[14,92349,92350],{},"Python raises an error because the sequence cannot move.",[1369,92352,4530,92354,92356],{"id":92353},"forgetting-that-range-is-not-a-list",[17,92355,35858],{}," is not a list",[14,92358,92359],{},"This can confuse beginners when printing values:",[60,92361,92363],{"className":62,"code":92362,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(range(5))\n",[17,92364,92365],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,92366,92367,92369,92371,92373,92375,92377],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,92368,110],{"class":109},[69,92370,113],{"class":83},[69,92372,59669],{"class":109},[69,92374,113],{"class":83},[69,92376,670],{"class":87},[69,92378,342],{"class":83},[14,92380,643],{},[60,92382,92384],{"className":62,"code":92383,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"range(0, 5)\n",[17,92385,92386],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,92387,92388,92390,92392,92394,92396,92398],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,92389,59669],{"class":109},[69,92391,113],{"class":83},[69,92393,88],{"class":87},[69,92395,91],{"class":83},[69,92397,100],{"class":87},[69,92399,221],{"class":83},[14,92401,92402],{},"To see the numbers, use:",[60,92404,92405],{"className":62,"code":90719,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,92406,92407],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,92408,92409,92411,92413,92415,92417,92419,92421,92423],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,92410,110],{"class":109},[69,92412,113],{"class":83},[69,92414,7725],{"class":1126},[69,92416,113],{"class":83},[69,92418,59669],{"class":109},[69,92420,113],{"class":83},[69,92422,670],{"class":87},[69,92424,297],{"class":83},[14,92426,643],{},[60,92428,92429],{"className":62,"code":59692,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,92430,92431],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,92432,92433,92435,92437,92439,92441,92443,92445,92447,92449,92451,92453],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,92434,3739],{"class":83},[69,92436,88],{"class":87},[69,92438,91],{"class":83},[69,92440,272],{"class":87},[69,92442,91],{"class":83},[69,92444,316],{"class":87},[69,92446,91],{"class":83},[69,92448,516],{"class":87},[69,92450,91],{"class":83},[69,92452,2323],{"class":87},[69,92454,103],{"class":83},[141,92456,92458],{"id":92457},"useful-checks-while-debugging","Useful checks while debugging",[14,92460,8510,92461,82012],{},[17,92462,35858],{},[60,92464,92466],{"className":62,"code":92465,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(list(range(2, 8)))\nprint(list(range(10, 0, -2)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\n",[17,92467,92468,92482,92500,92522,92550],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,92469,92470,92472,92474,92476,92478,92480],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,92471,110],{"class":109},[69,92473,113],{"class":83},[69,92475,59669],{"class":109},[69,92477,113],{"class":83},[69,92479,670],{"class":87},[69,92481,342],{"class":83},[69,92483,92484,92486,92488,92490,92492,92494,92496,92498],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,92485,110],{"class":109},[69,92487,113],{"class":83},[69,92489,7725],{"class":1126},[69,92491,113],{"class":83},[69,92493,59669],{"class":109},[69,92495,113],{"class":83},[69,92497,670],{"class":87},[69,92499,297],{"class":83},[69,92501,92502,92504,92506,92508,92510,92512,92514,92516,92518,92520],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,92503,110],{"class":109},[69,92505,113],{"class":83},[69,92507,7725],{"class":1126},[69,92509,113],{"class":83},[69,92511,59669],{"class":109},[69,92513,113],{"class":83},[69,92515,821],{"class":87},[69,92517,91],{"class":83},[69,92519,1200],{"class":87},[69,92521,297],{"class":83},[69,92523,92524,92526,92528,92530,92532,92534,92536,92538,92540,92542,92544,92546,92548],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,92525,110],{"class":109},[69,92527,113],{"class":83},[69,92529,7725],{"class":1126},[69,92531,113],{"class":83},[69,92533,59669],{"class":109},[69,92535,113],{"class":83},[69,92537,2197],{"class":87},[69,92539,91],{"class":83},[69,92541,267],{"class":87},[69,92543,91],{"class":83},[69,92545,818],{"class":79},[69,92547,821],{"class":87},[69,92549,297],{"class":83},[69,92551,92552,92554,92556,92558,92560,92562,92564,92566],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,92553,110],{"class":109},[69,92555,113],{"class":83},[69,92557,3087],{"class":1126},[69,92559,113],{"class":83},[69,92561,59669],{"class":109},[69,92563,113],{"class":83},[69,92565,670],{"class":87},[69,92567,297],{"class":83},[14,92569,25661],{},[30,92571,92572,92575,92578],{},[33,92573,92574],{},"what values are being created",[33,92576,92577],{},"whether the direction is correct",[33,92579,92580,92581,24269],{},"whether you are working with a ",[17,92582,59669],{},[141,92584,1651],{"id":1650},[1369,92586,12347,92588,92590],{"id":92587},"does-range-include-the-last-number",[17,92589,35858],{}," include the last number?",[14,92592,92593],{},"No. The stop value is excluded.",[1369,92595,4984,92597,92599,92600,2359],{"id":92596},"why-does-range5-start-at-0",[17,92598,90526],{}," start at ",[17,92601,88],{},[14,92603,92604,92605,25],{},"When only one argument is given, Python uses it as the stop value and starts from ",[17,92606,88],{},[1369,92608,4996,92610,92612],{"id":92609},"can-range-count-backward",[17,92611,35858],{}," count backward?",[14,92614,92615,92616,25],{},"Yes. Use a negative step, such as ",[17,92617,92618],{},"range(5, 0, -1)",[1369,92620,14549,92622,25696],{"id":92621},"is-range-a-list",[17,92623,35858],{},[14,92625,25699,92626,92628,92629,23590],{},[17,92627,59669],{}," object. Use ",[17,92630,92631],{},"list(range(...))",[1369,92633,4984,92635,48351],{"id":92634},"why-does-rangeinput-fail",[17,92636,92637],{},"range(input())",[14,92639,92640,3350,92642,25],{},[17,92641,2825],{},[17,92643,92644],{},"int(input())",[141,92646,1771],{"id":1770},[30,92648,92649,92653,92659,92665,92671],{},[33,92650,92651],{},[192,92652,35688],{"href":35687},[33,92654,92655],{},[192,92656,3441,92657,1780],{"href":42022},[17,92658,42025],{},[33,92660,92661],{},[192,92662,3441,92663,1780],{"href":91695},[17,92664,35408],{},[33,92666,92667],{},[192,92668,37180,92669,36269],{"href":36265},[17,92670,35408],{},[33,92672,92673],{},[192,92674,50191,92675],{"href":50190},[17,92676,50194],{},[1802,92678,92679],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":92681},[92682,92683,92685,92691,92699,92706,92708,92720,92721,92733],{"id":1869,"depth":106,"text":1870},{"id":90535,"depth":106,"text":92684},"What range() does",{"id":90628,"depth":106,"text":92686,"children":92687},"range() syntax",[92688,92689,92690],{"id":90708,"depth":300,"text":90711},{"id":90772,"depth":300,"text":90775},{"id":90840,"depth":300,"text":90843},{"id":90911,"depth":106,"text":90912,"children":92692},[92693,92694,92695,92696,92697],{"id":90918,"depth":300,"text":90526},{"id":90981,"depth":300,"text":90984},{"id":91045,"depth":300,"text":91048},{"id":91121,"depth":300,"text":91122},{"id":76485,"depth":300,"text":92698},"step cannot be 0",{"id":91280,"depth":106,"text":92700,"children":92701},"Using range() in a for loop",[92702,92703,92704],{"id":91382,"depth":300,"text":91383},{"id":91427,"depth":300,"text":91428},{"id":91507,"depth":300,"text":92705},"range() and indexing",{"id":91782,"depth":106,"text":92707},"Converting range() to a list",{"id":1361,"depth":106,"text":1362,"children":92709},[92710,92711,92713,92714,92716,92718],{"id":91965,"depth":300,"text":91966},{"id":92061,"depth":300,"text":92712},"Assuming range(5) starts at 1",{"id":92127,"depth":300,"text":92128},{"id":92262,"depth":300,"text":92715},"Using a negative step with start smaller than stop",{"id":92319,"depth":300,"text":92717},"Trying to use step = 0",{"id":92353,"depth":300,"text":92719},"Forgetting that range() is not a list",{"id":92457,"depth":106,"text":92458},{"id":1650,"depth":106,"text":1651,"children":92722},[92723,92725,92727,92729,92731],{"id":92587,"depth":300,"text":92724},"Does range() include the last number?",{"id":92596,"depth":300,"text":92726},"Why does range(5) start at 0?",{"id":92609,"depth":300,"text":92728},"Can range() count backward?",{"id":92621,"depth":300,"text":92730},"Is range() a list?",{"id":92634,"depth":300,"text":92732},"Why does range(input()) fail?",{"id":1770,"depth":106,"text":1771},"Master python range function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained",{"title":90429,"description":92734},"reference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained","WM74kaur77O7To2YFL58_24yQPMusxcx03D4i7kex70",{"id":92741,"title":92742,"body":92743,"description":94416,"extension":1828,"meta":94417,"navigation":833,"path":94418,"seo":94419,"stem":94420,"__hash__":94421},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained.md","Python range() vs list(range()) Explained",{"type":7,"value":92744,"toc":94389},[92745,92754,92761,92778,92794,92796,92845,92853,92857,92860,92880,92882,92946,92948,92991,92994,93040,93042,93075,93085,93091,93099,93116,93118,93149,93151,93176,93181,93192,93195,93265,93267,93298,93303,93308,93325,93327,93378,93380,93413,93416,93423,93428,93432,93448,93450,93494,93496,93542,93545,93558,93563,93567,93581,93583,93634,93636,93669,93674,93676,93683,93685,93708,93710,93775,93777,93794,93797,93830,93832,93860,93870,93877,93881,93884,93902,93905,93933,93936,93954,93959,93965,93968,93990,93992,94020,94022,94025,94050,94053,94166,94168,94247,94249,94255,94260,94268,94276,94280,94283,94285,94318,94320,94328,94334,94341,94348,94351,94353,94386],[10,92746,3441,92748,10223,92750,92753],{"id":92747},"python-range-vs-listrange-explained",[17,92749,35858],{},[17,92751,92752],{},"list(range())"," Explained",[14,92755,92756,587,92758,92760],{},[17,92757,35858],{},[17,92759,92752],{}," can represent the same numbers, but they are not the same thing.",[30,92762,92763,92771],{},[33,92764,92765,92767,92768],{},[17,92766,35858],{}," creates a ",[22,92769,92770],{},"range object",[33,92772,92773,92767,92775],{},[17,92774,92752],{},[22,92776,92777],{},"real list",[14,92779,92780,92781,92783,92784,92787,92788,92790,92791,92793],{},"This matters because beginners often expect ",[17,92782,90526],{}," to behave exactly like ",[17,92785,92786],{},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]",". It does not. In most cases, you should use ",[17,92789,35858],{}," for looping, and only use ",[17,92792,92752],{}," when you actually need a list.",[141,92795,3473],{"id":3472},[60,92797,92799],{"className":62,"code":92798,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = range(5)\nprint(numbers)          # range(0, 5)\nprint(list(numbers))    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[17,92800,92801,92815,92828],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,92802,92803,92805,92807,92809,92811,92813],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,92804,801],{"class":75},[69,92806,80],{"class":79},[69,92808,53739],{"class":109},[69,92810,113],{"class":83},[69,92812,670],{"class":87},[69,92814,221],{"class":83},[69,92816,92817,92819,92821,92823,92825],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,92818,110],{"class":109},[69,92820,113],{"class":83},[69,92822,3512],{"class":121},[69,92824,3525],{"class":83},[69,92826,92827],{"class":128},"          # range(0, 5)\n",[69,92829,92830,92832,92834,92836,92838,92840,92842],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,92831,110],{"class":109},[69,92833,113],{"class":83},[69,92835,7725],{"class":1126},[69,92837,113],{"class":83},[69,92839,3512],{"class":121},[69,92841,125],{"class":83},[69,92843,92844],{"class":128},"    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[14,92846,132,92847,92849,92850,92852],{},[17,92848,35858],{}," for looping. Use ",[17,92851,92752],{}," when you need an actual list value.",[141,92854,92856],{"id":92855},"what-is-the-difference","What is the difference?",[14,92858,92859],{},"The main difference is what each one returns.",[30,92861,92862,92869,92874,92877],{},[33,92863,92864,21626,92866,92868],{},[17,92865,35858],{},[22,92867,92770],{},", not a list",[33,92870,92871,92873],{},[17,92872,92752],{}," converts that range object into a list",[33,92875,92876],{},"Both can represent the same sequence of numbers",[33,92878,92879],{},"They are used differently in real programs",[14,92881,2076],{},[60,92883,92885],{"className":62,"code":92884,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"r = range(5)\nlst = list(range(5))\n\nprint(r)\nprint(lst)\n",[17,92886,92887,92902,92921,92925,92935],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,92888,92889,92892,92894,92896,92898,92900],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,92890,92891],{"class":75},"r ",[69,92893,80],{"class":79},[69,92895,53739],{"class":109},[69,92897,113],{"class":83},[69,92899,670],{"class":87},[69,92901,221],{"class":83},[69,92903,92904,92907,92909,92911,92913,92915,92917,92919],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,92905,92906],{"class":75},"lst ",[69,92908,80],{"class":79},[69,92910,22211],{"class":1126},[69,92912,113],{"class":83},[69,92914,59669],{"class":109},[69,92916,113],{"class":83},[69,92918,670],{"class":87},[69,92920,342],{"class":83},[69,92922,92923],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,92924,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,92926,92927,92929,92931,92933],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,92928,110],{"class":109},[69,92930,113],{"class":83},[69,92932,60176],{"class":121},[69,92934,221],{"class":83},[69,92936,92937,92939,92941,92944],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,92938,110],{"class":109},[69,92940,113],{"class":83},[69,92942,92943],{"class":121},"lst",[69,92945,221],{"class":83},[14,92947,643],{},[60,92949,92951],{"className":62,"code":92950,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[17,92952,92953,92967],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,92954,92955,92957,92959,92961,92963,92965],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,92956,59669],{"class":109},[69,92958,113],{"class":83},[69,92960,88],{"class":87},[69,92962,91],{"class":83},[69,92964,100],{"class":87},[69,92966,221],{"class":83},[69,92968,92969,92971,92973,92975,92977,92979,92981,92983,92985,92987,92989],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,92970,3739],{"class":83},[69,92972,88],{"class":87},[69,92974,91],{"class":83},[69,92976,272],{"class":87},[69,92978,91],{"class":83},[69,92980,316],{"class":87},[69,92982,91],{"class":83},[69,92984,516],{"class":87},[69,92986,91],{"class":83},[69,92988,2323],{"class":87},[69,92990,103],{"class":83},[14,92992,92993],{},"Even though they represent the same values, their types are different:",[60,92995,92997],{"className":62,"code":92996,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\n",[17,92998,92999,93017],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,93000,93001,93003,93005,93007,93009,93011,93013,93015],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,93002,110],{"class":109},[69,93004,113],{"class":83},[69,93006,3087],{"class":1126},[69,93008,113],{"class":83},[69,93010,59669],{"class":109},[69,93012,113],{"class":83},[69,93014,670],{"class":87},[69,93016,297],{"class":83},[69,93018,93019,93021,93023,93025,93027,93029,93031,93033,93035,93037],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,93020,110],{"class":109},[69,93022,113],{"class":83},[69,93024,3087],{"class":1126},[69,93026,113],{"class":83},[69,93028,7725],{"class":1126},[69,93030,113],{"class":83},[69,93032,59669],{"class":109},[69,93034,113],{"class":83},[69,93036,670],{"class":87},[69,93038,93039],{"class":83},"))))\n",[14,93041,643],{},[60,93043,93045],{"className":62,"code":93044,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[17,93046,93047,93061],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,93048,93049,93051,93053,93055,93057,93059],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,93050,852],{"class":79},[69,93052,3158],{"class":1932},[69,93054,3161],{"class":94},[69,93056,59669],{"class":336},[69,93058,488],{"class":94},[69,93060,3168],{"class":79},[69,93062,93063,93065,93067,93069,93071,93073],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,93064,852],{"class":79},[69,93066,3158],{"class":1932},[69,93068,3161],{"class":94},[69,93070,7725],{"class":336},[69,93072,488],{"class":94},[69,93074,3168],{"class":79},[14,93076,93077,93078,93080,93081,25],{},"If you want to learn more about how ",[17,93079,35858],{}," works, see ",[192,93082,3441,93083,1780],{"href":92736},[17,93084,35858],{},[141,93086,3540,93088,93090],{"id":93087},"what-range-gives-you",[17,93089,35858],{}," gives you",[14,93092,93093,93095,93096,93098],{},[17,93094,35858],{}," is most often used in ",[17,93097,774],{}," loops.",[30,93100,93101,93104,93107,93110],{},[33,93102,93103],{},"It is commonly used in loops",[33,93105,93106],{},"It represents numbers without storing them all as a list",[33,93108,93109],{},"It is memory efficient for large sequences",[33,93111,93112,93113],{},"Printing it directly shows ",[17,93114,93115],{},"range(start, stop[, step])",[14,93117,2076],{},[60,93119,93121],{"className":62,"code":93120,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n",[17,93122,93123,93139],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,93124,93125,93127,93129,93131,93133,93135,93137],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,93126,774],{"class":773},[69,93128,69220],{"class":75},[69,93130,780],{"class":773},[69,93132,53739],{"class":109},[69,93134,113],{"class":83},[69,93136,670],{"class":87},[69,93138,7974],{"class":83},[69,93140,93141,93143,93145,93147],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,93142,7700],{"class":109},[69,93144,113],{"class":83},[69,93146,35814],{"class":121},[69,93148,221],{"class":83},[14,93150,643],{},[60,93152,93154],{"className":62,"code":93153,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"0\n1\n2\n3\n4\n",[17,93155,93156,93160,93164,93168,93172],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,93157,93158],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,93159,46918],{"class":87},[69,93161,93162],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,93163,46583],{"class":87},[69,93165,93166],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,93167,16704],{"class":87},[69,93169,93170],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,93171,46283],{"class":87},[69,93173,93174],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,93175,48317],{"class":87},[14,93177,20421,93178,93180],{},[17,93179,90526],{}," works perfectly in a loop. You do not need to convert it to a list first.",[14,93182,93183,93184,93186,93187,25],{},"This is one reason ",[17,93185,35858],{}," is so common with ",[192,93188,3441,93190,90557],{"href":93189},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained",[17,93191,774],{},[14,93193,93194],{},"You can also inspect it:",[60,93196,93198],{"className":62,"code":93197,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"r = range(2, 10, 2)\n\nprint(r)\nprint(len(r))\nprint(6 in r)\n",[17,93199,93200,93222,93226,93236,93250],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,93201,93202,93204,93206,93208,93210,93212,93214,93216,93218,93220],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,93203,92891],{"class":75},[69,93205,80],{"class":79},[69,93207,53739],{"class":109},[69,93209,113],{"class":83},[69,93211,821],{"class":87},[69,93213,91],{"class":83},[69,93215,826],{"class":87},[69,93217,91],{"class":83},[69,93219,316],{"class":87},[69,93221,221],{"class":83},[69,93223,93224],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,93225,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,93227,93228,93230,93232,93234],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,93229,110],{"class":109},[69,93231,113],{"class":83},[69,93233,60176],{"class":121},[69,93235,221],{"class":83},[69,93237,93238,93240,93242,93244,93246,93248],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,93239,110],{"class":109},[69,93241,113],{"class":83},[69,93243,10801],{"class":109},[69,93245,113],{"class":83},[69,93247,60176],{"class":121},[69,93249,342],{"class":83},[69,93251,93252,93254,93256,93258,93260,93263],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,93253,110],{"class":109},[69,93255,113],{"class":83},[69,93257,80266],{"class":87},[69,93259,20824],{"class":773},[69,93261,93262],{"class":121}," r",[69,93264,221],{"class":83},[14,93266,643],{},[60,93268,93270],{"className":62,"code":93269,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"range(2, 10, 2)\n4\nTrue\n",[17,93271,93272,93290,93294],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,93273,93274,93276,93278,93280,93282,93284,93286,93288],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,93275,59669],{"class":109},[69,93277,113],{"class":83},[69,93279,821],{"class":87},[69,93281,91],{"class":83},[69,93283,826],{"class":87},[69,93285,91],{"class":83},[69,93287,316],{"class":87},[69,93289,221],{"class":83},[69,93291,93292],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,93293,48317],{"class":87},[69,93295,93296],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,93297,355],{"class":289},[141,93299,3540,93301,93090],{"id":93300},"what-listrange-gives-you",[17,93302,92752],{},[14,93304,93305,93307],{},[17,93306,92752],{}," creates a full list in memory.",[30,93309,93310,93313,93316,93319],{},[33,93311,93312],{},"It creates all values at once",[33,93314,93315],{},"Printing it shows the actual numbers",[33,93317,93318],{},"It is useful when you need list behavior",[33,93320,93321,93322,93324],{},"It is less efficient than plain ",[17,93323,35858],{}," for very large sequences",[14,93326,2076],{},[60,93328,93330],{"className":62,"code":93329,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = list(range(5))\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[17,93331,93332,93350,93354,93364],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,93333,93334,93336,93338,93340,93342,93344,93346,93348],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,93335,801],{"class":75},[69,93337,80],{"class":79},[69,93339,22211],{"class":1126},[69,93341,113],{"class":83},[69,93343,59669],{"class":109},[69,93345,113],{"class":83},[69,93347,670],{"class":87},[69,93349,342],{"class":83},[69,93351,93352],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,93353,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,93355,93356,93358,93360,93362],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,93357,110],{"class":109},[69,93359,113],{"class":83},[69,93361,3512],{"class":121},[69,93363,221],{"class":83},[69,93365,93366,93368,93370,93372,93374,93376],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,93367,110],{"class":109},[69,93369,113],{"class":83},[69,93371,3512],{"class":121},[69,93373,3739],{"class":83},[69,93375,821],{"class":87},[69,93377,3727],{"class":83},[14,93379,643],{},[60,93381,93383],{"className":62,"code":93382,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n2\n",[17,93384,93385,93409],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,93386,93387,93389,93391,93393,93395,93397,93399,93401,93403,93405,93407],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,93388,3739],{"class":83},[69,93390,88],{"class":87},[69,93392,91],{"class":83},[69,93394,272],{"class":87},[69,93396,91],{"class":83},[69,93398,316],{"class":87},[69,93400,91],{"class":83},[69,93402,516],{"class":87},[69,93404,91],{"class":83},[69,93406,2323],{"class":87},[69,93408,103],{"class":83},[69,93410,93411],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,93412,16704],{"class":87},[14,93414,93415],{},"This is helpful when you want clear output or when another part of your program expects a list.",[14,93417,93418,93419,25],{},"If you want to understand the conversion step itself, see ",[192,93420,3441,93421,1780],{"href":64519},[17,93422,24433],{},[141,93424,4788,93426],{"id":93425},"when-to-use-range",[17,93427,35858],{},[14,93429,132,93430,10239],{},[17,93431,35858],{},[30,93433,93434,93439,93442,93445],{},[33,93435,93436,93437,91286],{},"You are writing a ",[17,93438,774],{},[33,93440,93441],{},"You only need to iterate over numbers",[33,93443,93444],{},"You are working with large sequences",[33,93446,93447],{},"You do not need a real list",[14,93449,2076],{},[60,93451,93453],{"className":62,"code":93452,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"for i in range(1, 6):\n    print(\"Count:\", i)\n",[17,93454,93455,93475],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,93456,93457,93459,93461,93463,93465,93467,93469,93471,93473],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,93458,774],{"class":773},[69,93460,69220],{"class":75},[69,93462,780],{"class":773},[69,93464,53739],{"class":109},[69,93466,113],{"class":83},[69,93468,473],{"class":87},[69,93470,91],{"class":83},[69,93472,37305],{"class":87},[69,93474,7974],{"class":83},[69,93476,93477,93479,93481,93483,93486,93488,93490,93492],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,93478,7700],{"class":109},[69,93480,113],{"class":83},[69,93482,333],{"class":94},[69,93484,93485],{"class":336},"Count:",[69,93487,333],{"class":94},[69,93489,91],{"class":83},[69,93491,35789],{"class":121},[69,93493,221],{"class":83},[14,93495,643],{},[60,93497,93499],{"className":62,"code":93498,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Count: 1\nCount: 2\nCount: 3\nCount: 4\nCount: 5\n",[17,93500,93501,93510,93518,93526,93534],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,93502,93503,93506,93508],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,93504,93505],{"class":75},"Count",[69,93507,1044],{"class":83},[69,93509,29269],{"class":87},[69,93511,93512,93514,93516],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,93513,93505],{"class":75},[69,93515,1044],{"class":83},[69,93517,45255],{"class":87},[69,93519,93520,93522,93524],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,93521,93505],{"class":75},[69,93523,1044],{"class":83},[69,93525,2444],{"class":87},[69,93527,93528,93530,93532],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,93529,93505],{"class":75},[69,93531,1044],{"class":83},[69,93533,23315],{"class":87},[69,93535,93536,93538,93540],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,93537,93505],{"class":75},[69,93539,1044],{"class":83},[69,93541,34500],{"class":87},[14,93543,93544],{},"This is the most common use.",[14,93546,93547,93548,93550,93551,61959,93553,25],{},"If you need both the index and the value while looping through another sequence, ",[17,93549,35408],{}," is often a better choice than ",[17,93552,36259],{},[192,93554,36266,93556,36269],{"href":93555},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python",[17,93557,35408],{},[141,93559,4788,93561],{"id":93560},"when-to-use-listrange",[17,93562,92752],{},[14,93564,132,93565,10239],{},[17,93566,92752],{},[30,93568,93569,93572,93575,93578],{},[33,93570,93571],{},"You need to see all values clearly",[33,93573,93574],{},"Another part of your code expects a list",[33,93576,93577],{},"You want to modify the result as a list",[33,93579,93580],{},"You are learning and list output is easier to understand",[14,93582,2076],{},[60,93584,93586],{"className":62,"code":93585,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = list(range(5))\nnumbers.append(5)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,93587,93588,93606,93620,93624],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,93589,93590,93592,93594,93596,93598,93600,93602,93604],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,93591,801],{"class":75},[69,93593,80],{"class":79},[69,93595,22211],{"class":1126},[69,93597,113],{"class":83},[69,93599,59669],{"class":109},[69,93601,113],{"class":83},[69,93603,670],{"class":87},[69,93605,342],{"class":83},[69,93607,93608,93610,93612,93614,93616,93618],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,93609,3512],{"class":75},[69,93611,25],{"class":83},[69,93613,13198],{"class":121},[69,93615,113],{"class":83},[69,93617,670],{"class":87},[69,93619,221],{"class":83},[69,93621,93622],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,93623,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,93625,93626,93628,93630,93632],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,93627,110],{"class":109},[69,93629,113],{"class":83},[69,93631,3512],{"class":121},[69,93633,221],{"class":83},[14,93635,643],{},[60,93637,93639],{"className":62,"code":93638,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[17,93640,93641],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,93642,93643,93645,93647,93649,93651,93653,93655,93657,93659,93661,93663,93665,93667],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,93644,3739],{"class":83},[69,93646,88],{"class":87},[69,93648,91],{"class":83},[69,93650,272],{"class":87},[69,93652,91],{"class":83},[69,93654,316],{"class":87},[69,93656,91],{"class":83},[69,93658,516],{"class":87},[69,93660,91],{"class":83},[69,93662,2323],{"class":87},[69,93664,91],{"class":83},[69,93666,100],{"class":87},[69,93668,103],{"class":83},[14,93670,891,93671,93673],{},[17,93672,3512],{}," is a list.",[141,93675,15243],{"id":15242},[14,93677,93678,93680,93681,25],{},[17,93679,35858],{}," can be used like a sequence, but it is still ",[22,93682,37259],{},[14,93684,1974],{},[30,93686,93687,93689,93694,93699,93702],{},[33,93688,21636],{},[33,93690,93691,93692],{},"You can check its length with ",[17,93693,42025],{},[33,93695,93696,93697],{},"You can test membership with ",[17,93698,780],{},[33,93700,93701],{},"You can index it",[33,93703,93704,93705,93707],{},"But list methods such as ",[17,93706,52321],{}," do not work on it",[14,93709,2076],{},[60,93711,93713],{"className":62,"code":93712,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"r = range(5)\n\nprint(r[2])\nprint(len(r))\nprint(3 in r)\n",[17,93714,93715,93729,93733,93747,93761],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,93716,93717,93719,93721,93723,93725,93727],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,93718,92891],{"class":75},[69,93720,80],{"class":79},[69,93722,53739],{"class":109},[69,93724,113],{"class":83},[69,93726,670],{"class":87},[69,93728,221],{"class":83},[69,93730,93731],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,93732,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,93734,93735,93737,93739,93741,93743,93745],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,93736,110],{"class":109},[69,93738,113],{"class":83},[69,93740,60176],{"class":121},[69,93742,3739],{"class":83},[69,93744,821],{"class":87},[69,93746,3727],{"class":83},[69,93748,93749,93751,93753,93755,93757,93759],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,93750,110],{"class":109},[69,93752,113],{"class":83},[69,93754,10801],{"class":109},[69,93756,113],{"class":83},[69,93758,60176],{"class":121},[69,93760,342],{"class":83},[69,93762,93763,93765,93767,93769,93771,93773],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,93764,110],{"class":109},[69,93766,113],{"class":83},[69,93768,1929],{"class":87},[69,93770,20824],{"class":773},[69,93772,93262],{"class":121},[69,93774,221],{"class":83},[14,93776,643],{},[60,93778,93780],{"className":62,"code":93779,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"2\n5\nTrue\n",[17,93781,93782,93786,93790],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,93783,93784],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,93785,16704],{"class":87},[69,93787,93788],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,93789,2814],{"class":87},[69,93791,93792],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,93793,355],{"class":289},[14,93795,93796],{},"Now compare that with this:",[60,93798,93800],{"className":62,"code":93799,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"r = range(5)\nr.append(5)\n",[17,93801,93802,93816],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,93803,93804,93806,93808,93810,93812,93814],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,93805,92891],{"class":75},[69,93807,80],{"class":79},[69,93809,53739],{"class":109},[69,93811,113],{"class":83},[69,93813,670],{"class":87},[69,93815,221],{"class":83},[69,93817,93818,93820,93822,93824,93826,93828],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,93819,60176],{"class":75},[69,93821,25],{"class":83},[69,93823,13198],{"class":121},[69,93825,113],{"class":83},[69,93827,670],{"class":87},[69,93829,221],{"class":83},[14,93831,643],{},[60,93833,93835],{"className":62,"code":93834,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"AttributeError: 'range' object has no attribute 'append'\n",[17,93836,93837],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,93838,93839,93841,93843,93845,93847,93849,93851,93854,93856,93858],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,93840,25324],{"class":1126},[69,93842,1044],{"class":83},[69,93844,3161],{"class":94},[69,93846,59669],{"class":336},[69,93848,488],{"class":94},[69,93850,24269],{"class":1126},[69,93852,93853],{"class":75}," has no attribute ",[69,93855,488],{"class":94},[69,93857,13198],{"class":336},[69,93859,29354],{"class":94},[14,93861,93862,93863,2057,93865,2061,93867,93869],{},"If you need methods like ",[17,93864,52321],{},[17,93866,55198],{},[17,93868,63983],{},", convert the range to a list first.",[14,93871,93872,93873,25],{},"If you run into this kind of problem, see ",[192,93874,25332,93875],{"href":35078},[17,93876,33912],{},[141,93878,93880],{"id":93879},"common-confusion","Common confusion",[14,93882,93883],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting this:",[60,93885,93886],{"className":62,"code":92362,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,93887,93888],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,93889,93890,93892,93894,93896,93898,93900],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,93891,110],{"class":109},[69,93893,113],{"class":83},[69,93895,59669],{"class":109},[69,93897,113],{"class":83},[69,93899,670],{"class":87},[69,93901,342],{"class":83},[14,93903,93904],{},"to show:",[60,93906,93907],{"className":62,"code":59692,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,93908,93909],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,93910,93911,93913,93915,93917,93919,93921,93923,93925,93927,93929,93931],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,93912,3739],{"class":83},[69,93914,88],{"class":87},[69,93916,91],{"class":83},[69,93918,272],{"class":87},[69,93920,91],{"class":83},[69,93922,316],{"class":87},[69,93924,91],{"class":83},[69,93926,516],{"class":87},[69,93928,91],{"class":83},[69,93930,2323],{"class":87},[69,93932,103],{"class":83},[14,93934,93935],{},"But in Python 3, it shows:",[60,93937,93938],{"className":62,"code":92383,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,93939,93940],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,93941,93942,93944,93946,93948,93950,93952],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,93943,59669],{"class":109},[69,93945,113],{"class":83},[69,93947,88],{"class":87},[69,93949,91],{"class":83},[69,93951,100],{"class":87},[69,93953,221],{"class":83},[14,93955,4454,93956,93958],{},[22,93957,4457],{}," mean the code is wrong.",[14,93960,93961,93962,93964],{},"It only means Python is showing the ",[22,93963,92770],{},", not converting it to a list for display.",[14,93966,93967],{},"If you want list-style output, do this:",[60,93969,93970],{"className":62,"code":90719,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,93971,93972],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,93973,93974,93976,93978,93980,93982,93984,93986,93988],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,93975,110],{"class":109},[69,93977,113],{"class":83},[69,93979,7725],{"class":1126},[69,93981,113],{"class":83},[69,93983,59669],{"class":109},[69,93985,113],{"class":83},[69,93987,670],{"class":87},[69,93989,297],{"class":83},[14,93991,643],{},[60,93993,93994],{"className":62,"code":59692,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,93995,93996],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,93997,93998,94000,94002,94004,94006,94008,94010,94012,94014,94016,94018],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,93999,3739],{"class":83},[69,94001,88],{"class":87},[69,94003,91],{"class":83},[69,94005,272],{"class":87},[69,94007,91],{"class":83},[69,94009,316],{"class":87},[69,94011,91],{"class":83},[69,94013,516],{"class":87},[69,94015,91],{"class":83},[69,94017,2323],{"class":87},[69,94019,103],{"class":83},[141,94021,2698],{"id":2697},[14,94023,94024],{},"These are the most common causes of confusion:",[30,94026,94027,94033,94036,94042],{},[33,94028,8050,94029,94032],{},[17,94030,94031],{},"print(range(5))"," and expecting a list",[33,94034,94035],{},"Trying to call list methods on a range object",[33,94037,94038,94039,94041],{},"Not realizing that ",[17,94040,35858],{}," is iterable but not a list",[33,94043,8050,94044,94046,94047,94049],{},[17,94045,92752],{}," when plain ",[17,94048,35858],{}," would be simpler",[14,94051,94052],{},"These quick checks can help:",[60,94054,94056],{"className":62,"code":94055,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\nprint(3 in range(5))\nprint(len(range(5)))\n",[17,94057,94058,94072,94090,94108,94130,94148],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,94059,94060,94062,94064,94066,94068,94070],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,94061,110],{"class":109},[69,94063,113],{"class":83},[69,94065,59669],{"class":109},[69,94067,113],{"class":83},[69,94069,670],{"class":87},[69,94071,342],{"class":83},[69,94073,94074,94076,94078,94080,94082,94084,94086,94088],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,94075,110],{"class":109},[69,94077,113],{"class":83},[69,94079,7725],{"class":1126},[69,94081,113],{"class":83},[69,94083,59669],{"class":109},[69,94085,113],{"class":83},[69,94087,670],{"class":87},[69,94089,297],{"class":83},[69,94091,94092,94094,94096,94098,94100,94102,94104,94106],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,94093,110],{"class":109},[69,94095,113],{"class":83},[69,94097,3087],{"class":1126},[69,94099,113],{"class":83},[69,94101,59669],{"class":109},[69,94103,113],{"class":83},[69,94105,670],{"class":87},[69,94107,297],{"class":83},[69,94109,94110,94112,94114,94116,94118,94120,94122,94124,94126,94128],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,94111,110],{"class":109},[69,94113,113],{"class":83},[69,94115,3087],{"class":1126},[69,94117,113],{"class":83},[69,94119,7725],{"class":1126},[69,94121,113],{"class":83},[69,94123,59669],{"class":109},[69,94125,113],{"class":83},[69,94127,670],{"class":87},[69,94129,93039],{"class":83},[69,94131,94132,94134,94136,94138,94140,94142,94144,94146],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,94133,110],{"class":109},[69,94135,113],{"class":83},[69,94137,1929],{"class":87},[69,94139,20824],{"class":773},[69,94141,53739],{"class":109},[69,94143,113],{"class":83},[69,94145,670],{"class":87},[69,94147,342],{"class":83},[69,94149,94150,94152,94154,94156,94158,94160,94162,94164],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,94151,110],{"class":109},[69,94153,113],{"class":83},[69,94155,10801],{"class":109},[69,94157,113],{"class":83},[69,94159,59669],{"class":109},[69,94161,113],{"class":83},[69,94163,670],{"class":87},[69,94165,297],{"class":83},[14,94167,643],{},[60,94169,94171],{"className":62,"code":94170,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nTrue\n5\n",[17,94172,94173,94187,94211,94225,94239,94243],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,94174,94175,94177,94179,94181,94183,94185],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,94176,59669],{"class":109},[69,94178,113],{"class":83},[69,94180,88],{"class":87},[69,94182,91],{"class":83},[69,94184,100],{"class":87},[69,94186,221],{"class":83},[69,94188,94189,94191,94193,94195,94197,94199,94201,94203,94205,94207,94209],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,94190,3739],{"class":83},[69,94192,88],{"class":87},[69,94194,91],{"class":83},[69,94196,272],{"class":87},[69,94198,91],{"class":83},[69,94200,316],{"class":87},[69,94202,91],{"class":83},[69,94204,516],{"class":87},[69,94206,91],{"class":83},[69,94208,2323],{"class":87},[69,94210,103],{"class":83},[69,94212,94213,94215,94217,94219,94221,94223],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,94214,852],{"class":79},[69,94216,3158],{"class":1932},[69,94218,3161],{"class":94},[69,94220,59669],{"class":336},[69,94222,488],{"class":94},[69,94224,3168],{"class":79},[69,94226,94227,94229,94231,94233,94235,94237],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,94228,852],{"class":79},[69,94230,3158],{"class":1932},[69,94232,3161],{"class":94},[69,94234,7725],{"class":336},[69,94236,488],{"class":94},[69,94238,3168],{"class":79},[69,94240,94241],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,94242,355],{"class":289},[69,94244,94245],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,94246,2814],{"class":87},[141,94248,1651],{"id":1650},[1369,94250,14549,94252,94254],{"id":94251},"is-range-a-list-in-python",[17,94253,35858],{}," a list in Python?",[14,94256,46031,94257,94259],{},[17,94258,35858],{}," returns a range object. It can be iterated over, but it is not a list.",[1369,94261,94263,94264,10731,94266,2359],{"id":94262},"why-use-range-instead-of-listrange","Why use ",[17,94265,35858],{},[17,94267,92752],{},[14,94269,94270,94272,94273,94275],{},[17,94271,35858],{}," is better for loops and usually uses less memory. ",[17,94274,92752],{}," creates a full list.",[1369,94277,94279],{"id":94278},"can-i-index-a-range-object","Can I index a range object?",[14,94281,94282],{},"Yes. A range object supports indexing, but it still is not a list.",[14,94284,2076],{},[60,94286,94288],{"className":62,"code":94287,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"r = range(5)\nprint(r[1])\n",[17,94289,94290,94304],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,94291,94292,94294,94296,94298,94300,94302],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,94293,92891],{"class":75},[69,94295,80],{"class":79},[69,94297,53739],{"class":109},[69,94299,113],{"class":83},[69,94301,670],{"class":87},[69,94303,221],{"class":83},[69,94305,94306,94308,94310,94312,94314,94316],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,94307,110],{"class":109},[69,94309,113],{"class":83},[69,94311,60176],{"class":121},[69,94313,3739],{"class":83},[69,94315,473],{"class":87},[69,94317,3727],{"class":83},[14,94319,643],{},[60,94321,94322],{"className":62,"code":46583,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,94323,94324],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,94325,94326],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,94327,46583],{"class":87},[1369,94329,4984,94331,94333],{"id":94330},"why-does-printrange5-not-show-all-numbers",[17,94332,94031],{}," not show all numbers?",[14,94335,94336,94337,94340],{},"Because Python shows the range object representation. Use ",[17,94338,94339],{},"list(range(5))"," to display the numbers as a list.",[1369,94342,94344,94345,94347],{"id":94343},"when-should-i-convert-range-to-a-list","When should I convert ",[17,94346,35858],{}," to a list?",[14,94349,94350],{},"Convert it when you need a real list, want list methods, or want clearer displayed output.",[141,94352,1771],{"id":1770},[30,94354,94355,94361,94367,94374,94380],{},[33,94356,94357],{},[192,94358,3441,94359,1780],{"href":92736},[17,94360,35858],{},[33,94362,94363],{},[192,94364,3441,94365,1780],{"href":64519},[17,94366,24433],{},[33,94368,94369],{},[192,94370,3441,94371,94373],{"href":93189},[17,94372,774],{}," loops explained",[33,94375,94376],{},[192,94377,37180,94378,36269],{"href":93555},[17,94379,35408],{},[33,94381,94382],{},[192,94383,25775,94384],{"href":35078},[17,94385,33912],{},[1802,94387,94388],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":94390},[94391,94392,94393,94395,94397,94399,94401,94402,94403,94404,94415],{"id":3472,"depth":106,"text":3473},{"id":92855,"depth":106,"text":92856},{"id":93087,"depth":106,"text":94394},"What range() gives you",{"id":93300,"depth":106,"text":94396},"What list(range()) gives you",{"id":93425,"depth":106,"text":94398},"When to use range()",{"id":93560,"depth":106,"text":94400},"When to use list(range())",{"id":15242,"depth":106,"text":15243},{"id":93879,"depth":106,"text":93880},{"id":2697,"depth":106,"text":2698},{"id":1650,"depth":106,"text":1651,"children":94405},[94406,94408,94410,94411,94413],{"id":94251,"depth":300,"text":94407},"Is range() a list in Python?",{"id":94262,"depth":300,"text":94409},"Why use range() instead of list(range())?",{"id":94278,"depth":300,"text":94279},{"id":94330,"depth":300,"text":94412},"Why does print(range(5)) not show all numbers?",{"id":94343,"depth":300,"text":94414},"When should I convert range() to a list?",{"id":1770,"depth":106,"text":1771},"Master python range vs listrange explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained",{"title":92742,"description":94416},"reference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained","rOnOrM8csHUwdMRaIQMxGCpXq2ANZXuGWJ3KxGj9cv8",{"id":94423,"title":94424,"body":94425,"description":95861,"extension":1828,"meta":95862,"navigation":833,"path":95863,"seo":95864,"stem":95865,"__hash__":95866},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained.md","Python round() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":94426,"toc":95827},[94427,94433,94438,94441,94455,94458,94460,94499,94501,94514,94522,94527,94543,94546,94548,94550,94571,94588,94591,94650,94652,94671,94676,94682,94685,94719,94721,94734,94737,94782,94784,94807,94814,94820,94823,94864,94866,94880,94883,94941,94943,94958,94971,94977,94983,95048,95050,95069,95071,95089,95092,95096,95102,95104,95137,95139,95152,95162,95165,95226,95228,95249,95252,95254,95270,95275,95279,95284,95289,95345,95347,95365,95368,95413,95415,95423,95428,95432,95446,95448,95480,95482,95491,95493,95497,95506,95509,95541,95543,95555,95558,95562,95567,95608,95610,95618,95621,95644,95648,95650,95659,95662,95715,95717,95726,95730,95735,95746,95748,95757,95760,95766,95769,95775,95785,95793,95800,95802,95824],[10,94428,3441,94430,3444],{"id":94429},"python-round-function-explained",[17,94431,94432],{},"round()",[14,94434,8758,94435,94437],{},[17,94436,94432],{}," function returns a rounded version of a number.",[14,94439,94440],{},"You can use it in two common ways:",[30,94442,94443,94449],{},[33,94444,94445,94448],{},[17,94446,94447],{},"round(number)"," rounds to the nearest whole number",[33,94450,94451,94454],{},[17,94452,94453],{},"round(number, digits)"," rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[14,94456,94457],{},"This is useful when you want cleaner numeric output or when you need to limit decimal places in a result.",[141,94459,1870],{"id":1869},[60,94461,94463],{"className":62,"code":94462,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(round(3.14159))\nprint(round(3.14159, 2))\n",[17,94464,94465,94481],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,94466,94467,94469,94471,94474,94476,94479],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,94468,110],{"class":109},[69,94470,113],{"class":83},[69,94472,94473],{"class":109},"round",[69,94475,113],{"class":83},[69,94477,94478],{"class":87},"3.14159",[69,94480,342],{"class":83},[69,94482,94483,94485,94487,94489,94491,94493,94495,94497],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,94484,110],{"class":109},[69,94486,113],{"class":83},[69,94488,94473],{"class":109},[69,94490,113],{"class":83},[69,94492,94478],{"class":87},[69,94494,91],{"class":83},[69,94496,316],{"class":87},[69,94498,342],{"class":83},[14,94500,643],{},[60,94502,94504],{"className":62,"code":94503,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"3\n3.14\n",[17,94505,94506,94510],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,94507,94508],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,94509,46283],{"class":87},[69,94511,94512],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,94513,39840],{"class":87},[14,94515,132,94516,94518,94519,94521],{},[17,94517,94447],{}," to round to the nearest whole number, or ",[17,94520,94453],{}," to keep a set number of decimal places.",[141,94523,3540,94525,3543],{"id":94524},"what-round-does",[17,94526,94432],{},[30,94528,94529,94534,94537,94540],{},[33,94530,94531,94533],{},[17,94532,94432],{}," is a built-in Python function",[33,94535,94536],{},"It returns a rounded version of a number",[33,94538,94539],{},"With one argument, it rounds to the nearest integer",[33,94541,94542],{},"With two arguments, it rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[14,94544,94545],{},"You do not need to import anything to use it.",[141,94547,2024],{"id":2023},[14,94549,2027],{},[60,94551,94553],{"className":62,"code":94552,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"round(number[, ndigits])\n",[17,94554,94555],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,94556,94557,94559,94561,94563,94566,94569],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,94558,94473],{"class":109},[69,94560,113],{"class":83},[69,94562,2106],{"class":121},[69,94564,94565],{"class":83},"[,",[69,94567,94568],{"class":121}," ndigits",[69,94570,3727],{"class":83},[30,94572,94573,94578,94583],{},[33,94574,94575,94577],{},[17,94576,2106],{}," is the value to round",[33,94579,94580,19689],{},[17,94581,94582],{},"ndigits",[33,94584,94585,94587],{},[17,94586,94582],{}," can be positive, zero, or negative",[14,94589,94590],{},"Basic examples:",[60,94592,94594],{"className":62,"code":94593,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(round(7.8))\nprint(round(7.8, 1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\n",[17,94595,94596,94611,94629],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,94597,94598,94600,94602,94604,94606,94609],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,94599,110],{"class":109},[69,94601,113],{"class":83},[69,94603,94473],{"class":109},[69,94605,113],{"class":83},[69,94607,94608],{"class":87},"7.8",[69,94610,342],{"class":83},[69,94612,94613,94615,94617,94619,94621,94623,94625,94627],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,94614,110],{"class":109},[69,94616,113],{"class":83},[69,94618,94473],{"class":109},[69,94620,113],{"class":83},[69,94622,94608],{"class":87},[69,94624,91],{"class":83},[69,94626,272],{"class":87},[69,94628,342],{"class":83},[69,94630,94631,94633,94635,94637,94639,94642,94644,94646,94648],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,94632,110],{"class":109},[69,94634,113],{"class":83},[69,94636,94473],{"class":109},[69,94638,113],{"class":83},[69,94640,94641],{"class":87},"1234",[69,94643,91],{"class":83},[69,94645,818],{"class":79},[69,94647,821],{"class":87},[69,94649,342],{"class":83},[14,94651,643],{},[60,94653,94655],{"className":62,"code":94654,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"8\n7.8\n1200\n",[17,94656,94657,94661,94666],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,94658,94659],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,94660,2248],{"class":87},[69,94662,94663],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,94664,94665],{"class":87},"7.8\n",[69,94667,94668],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,94669,94670],{"class":87},"1200\n",[14,94672,94673,94674,25],{},"If you are still getting used to Python number types, see ",[192,94675,2286],{"href":2285},[141,94677,8050,94679,94681],{"id":94678},"using-round-with-one-argument",[17,94680,94432],{}," with one argument",[14,94683,94684],{},"When you pass only one argument, Python rounds to the nearest whole number.",[60,94686,94688],{"className":62,"code":94687,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(round(4.2))\nprint(round(4.8))\n",[17,94689,94690,94704],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,94691,94692,94694,94696,94698,94700,94702],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,94693,110],{"class":109},[69,94695,113],{"class":83},[69,94697,94473],{"class":109},[69,94699,113],{"class":83},[69,94701,2229],{"class":87},[69,94703,342],{"class":83},[69,94705,94706,94708,94710,94712,94714,94717],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,94707,110],{"class":109},[69,94709,113],{"class":83},[69,94711,94473],{"class":109},[69,94713,113],{"class":83},[69,94715,94716],{"class":87},"4.8",[69,94718,342],{"class":83},[14,94720,643],{},[60,94722,94724],{"className":62,"code":94723,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"4\n5\n",[17,94725,94726,94730],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,94727,94728],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,94729,48317],{"class":87},[69,94731,94732],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,94733,2814],{"class":87},[14,94735,94736],{},"With a normal float, the result is usually an integer:",[60,94738,94740],{"className":62,"code":94739,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"result = round(10.2)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[17,94741,94742,94758,94768],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,94743,94744,94746,94748,94751,94753,94756],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,94745,839],{"class":75},[69,94747,80],{"class":79},[69,94749,94750],{"class":109}," round",[69,94752,113],{"class":83},[69,94754,94755],{"class":87},"10.2",[69,94757,221],{"class":83},[69,94759,94760,94762,94764,94766],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,94761,110],{"class":109},[69,94763,113],{"class":83},[69,94765,876],{"class":121},[69,94767,221],{"class":83},[69,94769,94770,94772,94774,94776,94778,94780],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,94771,110],{"class":109},[69,94773,113],{"class":83},[69,94775,3087],{"class":1126},[69,94777,113],{"class":83},[69,94779,876],{"class":121},[69,94781,342],{"class":83},[14,94783,643],{},[60,94785,94787],{"className":62,"code":94786,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"10\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[17,94788,94789,94793],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,94790,94791],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,94792,2243],{"class":87},[69,94794,94795,94797,94799,94801,94803,94805],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,94796,852],{"class":79},[69,94798,3158],{"class":1932},[69,94800,3161],{"class":94},[69,94802,2056],{"class":336},[69,94804,488],{"class":94},[69,94806,3168],{"class":79},[14,94808,94809,94810,25],{},"If you need to convert values directly to integers without rounding rules, compare this with ",[192,94811,3441,94812,1780],{"href":2743},[17,94813,2746],{},[141,94815,8050,94817,94819],{"id":94816},"using-round-with-decimal-places",[17,94818,94432],{}," with decimal places",[14,94821,94822],{},"You can pass a second argument to control how many decimal places to keep.",[60,94824,94826],{"className":62,"code":94825,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(round(3.14159, 2))\nprint(round(3.14159, 3))\n",[17,94827,94828,94846],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,94829,94830,94832,94834,94836,94838,94840,94842,94844],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,94831,110],{"class":109},[69,94833,113],{"class":83},[69,94835,94473],{"class":109},[69,94837,113],{"class":83},[69,94839,94478],{"class":87},[69,94841,91],{"class":83},[69,94843,316],{"class":87},[69,94845,342],{"class":83},[69,94847,94848,94850,94852,94854,94856,94858,94860,94862],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,94849,110],{"class":109},[69,94851,113],{"class":83},[69,94853,94473],{"class":109},[69,94855,113],{"class":83},[69,94857,94478],{"class":87},[69,94859,91],{"class":83},[69,94861,516],{"class":87},[69,94863,342],{"class":83},[14,94865,643],{},[60,94867,94869],{"className":62,"code":94868,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"3.14\n3.142\n",[17,94870,94871,94875],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,94872,94873],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,94874,39840],{"class":87},[69,94876,94877],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,94878,94879],{"class":87},"3.142\n",[14,94881,94882],{},"This is helpful when you want a simpler numeric value for calculations or reporting.",[60,94884,94886],{"className":62,"code":94885,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"price = 19.9876\nrounded_price = round(price, 2)\n\nprint(price)\nprint(rounded_price)\n",[17,94887,94888,94897,94916,94920,94930],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,94889,94890,94892,94894],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,94891,40050],{"class":75},[69,94893,80],{"class":79},[69,94895,94896],{"class":87}," 19.9876\n",[69,94898,94899,94902,94904,94906,94908,94910,94912,94914],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,94900,94901],{"class":75},"rounded_price ",[69,94903,80],{"class":79},[69,94905,94750],{"class":109},[69,94907,113],{"class":83},[69,94909,24802],{"class":121},[69,94911,91],{"class":83},[69,94913,316],{"class":87},[69,94915,221],{"class":83},[69,94917,94918],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,94919,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,94921,94922,94924,94926,94928],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,94923,110],{"class":109},[69,94925,113],{"class":83},[69,94927,24802],{"class":121},[69,94929,221],{"class":83},[69,94931,94932,94934,94936,94939],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,94933,110],{"class":109},[69,94935,113],{"class":83},[69,94937,94938],{"class":121},"rounded_price",[69,94940,221],{"class":83},[14,94942,643],{},[60,94944,94946],{"className":62,"code":94945,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"19.9876\n19.99\n",[17,94947,94948,94953],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,94949,94950],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,94951,94952],{"class":87},"19.9876\n",[69,94954,94955],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,94956,94957],{"class":87},"19.99\n",[14,94959,94960,94961,94964,94965,54,94967,25],{},"If you need to convert text such as ",[17,94962,94963],{},"\"3.14159\""," before rounding, see ",[192,94966,40555],{"href":40554},[192,94968,3441,94969,1780],{"href":2749},[17,94970,2752],{},[141,94972,94974,94975],{"id":94973},"using-negative-ndigits","Using negative ",[17,94976,94582],{},[14,94978,94979,94980,94982],{},"A negative ",[17,94981,94582],{}," value rounds to tens, hundreds, or larger place values.",[60,94984,94986],{"className":62,"code":94985,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(round(1234, -1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\nprint(round(1234, -3))\n",[17,94987,94988,95008,95028],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,94989,94990,94992,94994,94996,94998,95000,95002,95004,95006],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,94991,110],{"class":109},[69,94993,113],{"class":83},[69,94995,94473],{"class":109},[69,94997,113],{"class":83},[69,94999,94641],{"class":87},[69,95001,91],{"class":83},[69,95003,818],{"class":79},[69,95005,473],{"class":87},[69,95007,342],{"class":83},[69,95009,95010,95012,95014,95016,95018,95020,95022,95024,95026],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,95011,110],{"class":109},[69,95013,113],{"class":83},[69,95015,94473],{"class":109},[69,95017,113],{"class":83},[69,95019,94641],{"class":87},[69,95021,91],{"class":83},[69,95023,818],{"class":79},[69,95025,821],{"class":87},[69,95027,342],{"class":83},[69,95029,95030,95032,95034,95036,95038,95040,95042,95044,95046],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,95031,110],{"class":109},[69,95033,113],{"class":83},[69,95035,94473],{"class":109},[69,95037,113],{"class":83},[69,95039,94641],{"class":87},[69,95041,91],{"class":83},[69,95043,818],{"class":79},[69,95045,1929],{"class":87},[69,95047,342],{"class":83},[14,95049,643],{},[60,95051,95053],{"className":62,"code":95052,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"1230\n1200\n1000\n",[17,95054,95055,95060,95064],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,95056,95057],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,95058,95059],{"class":87},"1230\n",[69,95061,95062],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,95063,94670],{"class":87},[69,95065,95066],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,95067,95068],{"class":87},"1000\n",[14,95070,65256],{},[30,95072,95073,95078,95084],{},[33,95074,95075,95077],{},[17,95076,65526],{}," rounds to the nearest 10",[33,95079,95080,95083],{},[17,95081,95082],{},"-2"," rounds to the nearest 100",[33,95085,95086,95088],{},[17,95087,47337],{}," rounds to the nearest 1000",[14,95090,95091],{},"This can be useful when you want less precise but easier-to-read numbers.",[141,95093,95095],{"id":95094},"important-behavior-beginners-notice","Important behavior beginners notice",[14,95097,95098,95099,25],{},"Some results may look surprising with numbers ending in ",[17,95100,95101],{},".5",[14,95103,244],{},[60,95105,95107],{"className":62,"code":95106,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\n",[17,95108,95109,95123],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,95110,95111,95113,95115,95117,95119,95121],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,95112,110],{"class":109},[69,95114,113],{"class":83},[69,95116,94473],{"class":109},[69,95118,113],{"class":83},[69,95120,40822],{"class":87},[69,95122,342],{"class":83},[69,95124,95125,95127,95129,95131,95133,95135],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,95126,110],{"class":109},[69,95128,113],{"class":83},[69,95130,94473],{"class":109},[69,95132,113],{"class":83},[69,95134,1907],{"class":87},[69,95136,342],{"class":83},[14,95138,643],{},[60,95140,95142],{"className":62,"code":95141,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"2\n4\n",[17,95143,95144,95148],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,95145,95146],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,95147,16704],{"class":87},[69,95149,95150],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,95151,48317],{"class":87},[14,95153,95154,95155,95158,95159,95161],{},"Python uses ",[22,95156,95157],{},"banker's rounding"," in tie cases. That means it rounds to the nearest even number in some ",[17,95160,95101],{}," situations.",[14,95163,95164],{},"More examples:",[60,95166,95168],{"className":62,"code":95167,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(round(1.5))\nprint(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\nprint(round(4.5))\n",[17,95169,95170,95184,95198,95212],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,95171,95172,95174,95176,95178,95180,95182],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,95173,110],{"class":109},[69,95175,113],{"class":83},[69,95177,94473],{"class":109},[69,95179,113],{"class":83},[69,95181,40835],{"class":87},[69,95183,342],{"class":83},[69,95185,95186,95188,95190,95192,95194,95196],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,95187,110],{"class":109},[69,95189,113],{"class":83},[69,95191,94473],{"class":109},[69,95193,113],{"class":83},[69,95195,40822],{"class":87},[69,95197,342],{"class":83},[69,95199,95200,95202,95204,95206,95208,95210],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,95201,110],{"class":109},[69,95203,113],{"class":83},[69,95205,94473],{"class":109},[69,95207,113],{"class":83},[69,95209,1907],{"class":87},[69,95211,342],{"class":83},[69,95213,95214,95216,95218,95220,95222,95224],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,95215,110],{"class":109},[69,95217,113],{"class":83},[69,95219,94473],{"class":109},[69,95221,113],{"class":83},[69,95223,40787],{"class":87},[69,95225,342],{"class":83},[14,95227,643],{},[60,95229,95231],{"className":62,"code":95230,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"2\n2\n4\n4\n",[17,95232,95233,95237,95241,95245],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,95234,95235],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,95236,16704],{"class":87},[69,95238,95239],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,95240,16704],{"class":87},[69,95242,95243],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,95244,48317],{"class":87},[69,95246,95247],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,95248,48317],{"class":87},[14,95250,95251],{},"This is normal Python behavior, not a bug.",[14,95253,10351],{},[30,95255,95256,95263],{},[33,95257,95258,2000,95261],{},[17,95259,95260],{},"round(2.5)",[17,95262,821],{},[33,95264,95265,2000,95268],{},[17,95266,95267],{},"round(3.5)",[17,95269,808],{},[14,95271,3034,95272,95274],{},[17,95273,95101],{}," to always round upward, this behavior can be confusing at first.",[141,95276,95278],{"id":95277},"return-values","Return values",[14,95280,95281,95283],{},[17,95282,94432],{}," returns the rounded value.",[14,95285,40569,95286,95288],{},[22,95287,4457],{}," change the original variable unless you save the result.",[60,95290,95292],{"className":62,"code":95291,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = 3.14159\n\nprint(value)\nprint(round(value, 2))\nprint(value)\n",[17,95293,95294,95303,95307,95317,95335],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,95295,95296,95298,95300],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,95297,2313],{"class":75},[69,95299,80],{"class":79},[69,95301,95302],{"class":87}," 3.14159\n",[69,95304,95305],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,95306,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,95308,95309,95311,95313,95315],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,95310,110],{"class":109},[69,95312,113],{"class":83},[69,95314,2339],{"class":121},[69,95316,221],{"class":83},[69,95318,95319,95321,95323,95325,95327,95329,95331,95333],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,95320,110],{"class":109},[69,95322,113],{"class":83},[69,95324,94473],{"class":109},[69,95326,113],{"class":83},[69,95328,2339],{"class":121},[69,95330,91],{"class":83},[69,95332,316],{"class":87},[69,95334,342],{"class":83},[69,95336,95337,95339,95341,95343],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,95338,110],{"class":109},[69,95340,113],{"class":83},[69,95342,2339],{"class":121},[69,95344,221],{"class":83},[14,95346,643],{},[60,95348,95350],{"className":62,"code":95349,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"3.14159\n3.14\n3.14159\n",[17,95351,95352,95357,95361],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,95353,95354],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,95355,95356],{"class":87},"3.14159\n",[69,95358,95359],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,95360,39840],{"class":87},[69,95362,95363],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,95364,95356],{"class":87},[14,95366,95367],{},"If you want to keep the rounded value, assign it:",[60,95369,95371],{"className":62,"code":95370,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = 3.14159\nvalue = round(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[17,95372,95373,95381,95399,95403],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,95374,95375,95377,95379],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,95376,2313],{"class":75},[69,95378,80],{"class":79},[69,95380,95302],{"class":87},[69,95382,95383,95385,95387,95389,95391,95393,95395,95397],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,95384,2313],{"class":75},[69,95386,80],{"class":79},[69,95388,94750],{"class":109},[69,95390,113],{"class":83},[69,95392,2339],{"class":121},[69,95394,91],{"class":83},[69,95396,316],{"class":87},[69,95398,221],{"class":83},[69,95400,95401],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,95402,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,95404,95405,95407,95409,95411],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,95406,110],{"class":109},[69,95408,113],{"class":83},[69,95410,2339],{"class":121},[69,95412,221],{"class":83},[14,95414,643],{},[60,95416,95417],{"className":62,"code":39840,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,95418,95419],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,95420,95421],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,95422,39840],{"class":87},[141,95424,4788,95426],{"id":95425},"when-to-use-round",[17,95427,94432],{},[14,95429,132,95430,1158],{},[17,95431,94432],{},[30,95433,95434,95437,95440,95443],{},[33,95435,95436],{},"Display simpler numeric output",[33,95438,95439],{},"Limit decimal places in calculations",[33,95441,95442],{},"Round values before reporting results",[33,95444,95445],{},"Prepare numbers for easier reading",[14,95447,244],{},[60,95449,95451],{"className":62,"code":95450,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"distance = 12.67891\nprint(round(distance, 2))\n",[17,95452,95453,95462],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,95454,95455,95457,95459],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,95456,2463],{"class":75},[69,95458,80],{"class":79},[69,95460,95461],{"class":87}," 12.67891\n",[69,95463,95464,95466,95468,95470,95472,95474,95476,95478],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,95465,110],{"class":109},[69,95467,113],{"class":83},[69,95469,94473],{"class":109},[69,95471,113],{"class":83},[69,95473,2486],{"class":121},[69,95475,91],{"class":83},[69,95477,316],{"class":87},[69,95479,342],{"class":83},[14,95481,643],{},[60,95483,95485],{"className":62,"code":95484,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"12.68\n",[17,95486,95487],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,95488,95489],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,95490,95484],{"class":87},[141,95492,2698],{"id":2697},[14,95494,22746,95495,25],{},[17,95496,94432],{},[1369,95498,8086,95500,95502,95503,95505],{"id":95499},"expecting-round-to-always-round-5-upward",[17,95501,94432],{}," to always round ",[17,95504,95101],{}," upward",[14,95507,95508],{},"This is one of the most common surprises.",[60,95510,95511],{"className":62,"code":95106,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,95512,95513,95527],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,95514,95515,95517,95519,95521,95523,95525],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,95516,110],{"class":109},[69,95518,113],{"class":83},[69,95520,94473],{"class":109},[69,95522,113],{"class":83},[69,95524,40822],{"class":87},[69,95526,342],{"class":83},[69,95528,95529,95531,95533,95535,95537,95539],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,95530,110],{"class":109},[69,95532,113],{"class":83},[69,95534,94473],{"class":109},[69,95536,113],{"class":83},[69,95538,1907],{"class":87},[69,95540,342],{"class":83},[14,95542,643],{},[60,95544,95545],{"className":62,"code":95141,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,95546,95547,95551],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,95548,95549],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,95550,16704],{"class":87},[69,95552,95553],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,95554,48317],{"class":87},[14,95556,95557],{},"Python may round tie values to the nearest even number.",[1369,95559,95561],{"id":95560},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-value","Forgetting to save the returned value",[14,95563,95564,95566],{},[17,95565,94432],{}," returns a new value. It does not update the old one by itself.",[60,95568,95570],{"className":62,"code":95569,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = 3.14159\nround(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[17,95571,95572,95580,95594,95598],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,95573,95574,95576,95578],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,95575,2313],{"class":75},[69,95577,80],{"class":79},[69,95579,95302],{"class":87},[69,95581,95582,95584,95586,95588,95590,95592],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,95583,94473],{"class":109},[69,95585,113],{"class":83},[69,95587,2339],{"class":121},[69,95589,91],{"class":83},[69,95591,316],{"class":87},[69,95593,221],{"class":83},[69,95595,95596],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,95597,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,95599,95600,95602,95604,95606],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,95601,110],{"class":109},[69,95603,113],{"class":83},[69,95605,2339],{"class":121},[69,95607,221],{"class":83},[14,95609,643],{},[60,95611,95612],{"className":62,"code":95356,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,95613,95614],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,95615,95616],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,95617,95356],{"class":87},[14,95619,95620],{},"To keep the rounded result:",[60,95622,95624],{"className":62,"code":95623,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = round(value, 2)\n",[17,95625,95626],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,95627,95628,95630,95632,95634,95636,95638,95640,95642],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,95629,2313],{"class":75},[69,95631,80],{"class":79},[69,95633,94750],{"class":109},[69,95635,113],{"class":83},[69,95637,2339],{"class":121},[69,95639,91],{"class":83},[69,95641,316],{"class":87},[69,95643,221],{"class":83},[1369,95645,95647],{"id":95646},"passing-a-string-instead-of-a-number","Passing a string instead of a number",[14,95649,16048],{},[60,95651,95653],{"className":62,"code":95652,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"# print(round(\"3.14\", 1))\n",[17,95654,95655],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,95656,95657],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,95658,95652],{"class":128},[14,95660,95661],{},"You need to convert the string first:",[60,95663,95665],{"className":62,"code":95664,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"3.14\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(round(number, 1))\n",[17,95666,95667,95679,95693,95697],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,95668,95669,95671,95673,95675,95677],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,95670,34345],{"class":75},[69,95672,80],{"class":79},[69,95674,964],{"class":94},[69,95676,39806],{"class":336},[69,95678,3224],{"class":94},[69,95680,95681,95683,95685,95687,95689,95691],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,95682,1334],{"class":75},[69,95684,80],{"class":79},[69,95686,39918],{"class":1126},[69,95688,113],{"class":83},[69,95690,34366],{"class":121},[69,95692,221],{"class":83},[69,95694,95695],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,95696,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,95698,95699,95701,95703,95705,95707,95709,95711,95713],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,95700,110],{"class":109},[69,95702,113],{"class":83},[69,95704,94473],{"class":109},[69,95706,113],{"class":83},[69,95708,2106],{"class":121},[69,95710,91],{"class":83},[69,95712,272],{"class":87},[69,95714,342],{"class":83},[14,95716,643],{},[60,95718,95720],{"className":62,"code":95719,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"3.1\n",[17,95721,95722],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,95723,95724],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,95725,95719],{"class":87},[1369,95727,95729],{"id":95728},"confusing-rounding-a-value-with-formatting-text-output","Confusing rounding a value with formatting text output",[14,95731,95732,95734],{},[17,95733,94432],{}," changes the numeric value it returns. It is not the same as formatting text for display.",[14,95736,95737,95738,54,95742,25],{},"If your data starts as text, convert it first with ",[192,95739,95740],{"href":2749},[17,95741,2752],{},[192,95743,95744],{"href":2743},[17,95745,2746],{},[141,95747,1651],{"id":1650},[1369,95749,12347,95751,95753,95754,95756],{"id":95750},"does-round-always-round-05-up",[17,95752,94432],{}," always round ",[17,95755,39877],{}," up?",[14,95758,95759],{},"No. In tie cases, Python may round to the nearest even number.",[1369,95761,12347,95763,95765],{"id":95762},"does-round-change-the-original-number",[17,95764,94432],{}," change the original number?",[14,95767,95768],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to keep it.",[1369,95770,4996,95772,95774],{"id":95771},"can-round-round-to-tens-or-hundreds",[17,95773,94432],{}," round to tens or hundreds?",[14,95776,95777,95778,95780,95781,54,95783,25],{},"Yes. Use a negative ",[17,95779,94582],{}," value like ",[17,95782,65526],{},[17,95784,95082],{},[1369,95786,27982,95788,95790,95791,2359],{"id":95787},"can-i-use-round-on-a-string-like-314",[17,95789,94432],{}," on a string like ",[17,95792,47761],{},[14,95794,95795,95796,54,95798,25],{},"Not directly. Convert the string first with ",[17,95797,2752],{},[17,95799,2746],{},[141,95801,1771],{"id":1770},[30,95803,95804,95810,95816,95820],{},[33,95805,95806],{},[192,95807,3441,95808,1780],{"href":2749},[17,95809,2752],{},[33,95811,95812],{},[192,95813,3441,95814,1780],{"href":2743},[17,95815,2746],{},[33,95817,95818],{},[192,95819,2286],{"href":2285},[33,95821,95822],{},[192,95823,41845],{"href":40554},[1802,95825,95826],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":95828},[95829,95830,95832,95833,95835,95837,95839,95840,95841,95843,95850,95860],{"id":1869,"depth":106,"text":1870},{"id":94524,"depth":106,"text":95831},"What round() does",{"id":2023,"depth":106,"text":2024},{"id":94678,"depth":106,"text":95834},"Using round() with one argument",{"id":94816,"depth":106,"text":95836},"Using round() with decimal places",{"id":94973,"depth":106,"text":95838},"Using negative ndigits",{"id":95094,"depth":106,"text":95095},{"id":95277,"depth":106,"text":95278},{"id":95425,"depth":106,"text":95842},"When to use round()",{"id":2697,"depth":106,"text":2698,"children":95844},[95845,95847,95848,95849],{"id":95499,"depth":300,"text":95846},"Expecting round() to always round .5 upward",{"id":95560,"depth":300,"text":95561},{"id":95646,"depth":300,"text":95647},{"id":95728,"depth":300,"text":95729},{"id":1650,"depth":106,"text":1651,"children":95851},[95852,95854,95856,95858],{"id":95750,"depth":300,"text":95853},"Does round() always round 0.5 up?",{"id":95762,"depth":300,"text":95855},"Does round() change the original number?",{"id":95771,"depth":300,"text":95857},"Can round() round to tens or hundreds?",{"id":95787,"depth":300,"text":95859},"Can I use round() on a string like \"3.14\"?",{"id":1770,"depth":106,"text":1771},"Master python round function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained",{"title":94424,"description":95861},"reference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained","e0t8hwZaUiwtmjnn3D5wfXRBmBmXDud37ro5ZcnR9iM",{"id":95868,"title":95869,"body":95870,"description":97055,"extension":1828,"meta":97056,"navigation":833,"path":97057,"seo":97058,"stem":97059,"__hash__":97060},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method.md","Python Set add() Method",{"type":7,"value":95871,"toc":97029},[95872,95879,95885,95888,95890,95939,95943,95968,95973,95978,95983,95997,96008,96010,96029,96031,96047,96050,96061,96063,96065,96126,96130,96163,96170,96177,96180,96213,96216,96220,96223,96276,96280,96301,96307,96314,96321,96382,96390,96467,96471,96483,96492,96494,96500,96506,96510,96563,96566,96624,96628,96636,96639,96643,96646,96656,96658,96755,96758,96769,96772,96815,96819,96843,96846,96852,96854,96858,96883,96885,96952,96961,96963,96969,96974,96978,96981,96985,96992,96996,97001,97003,97020,97026],[10,95873,95875,95876,10962],{"id":95874},"python-set-add-method","Python Set ",[17,95877,95878],{},"add()",[14,95880,95881,95884],{},[17,95882,95883],{},"set.add()"," adds one item to a set.",[14,95886,95887],{},"Use it when you want to put a single value into an existing set. If that value is not already present, Python adds it. If it is already in the set, nothing changes.",[141,95889,1870],{"id":1869},[60,95891,95893],{"className":62,"code":95892,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(4)\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,95894,95895,95915,95929],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,95896,95897,95899,95901,95903,95905,95907,95909,95911,95913],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,95898,801],{"class":75},[69,95900,80],{"class":79},[69,95902,10128],{"class":83},[69,95904,473],{"class":87},[69,95906,91],{"class":83},[69,95908,316],{"class":87},[69,95910,91],{"class":83},[69,95912,516],{"class":87},[69,95914,8945],{"class":83},[69,95916,95917,95919,95921,95923,95925,95927],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,95918,3512],{"class":75},[69,95920,25],{"class":83},[69,95922,81778],{"class":121},[69,95924,113],{"class":83},[69,95926,808],{"class":87},[69,95928,221],{"class":83},[69,95930,95931,95933,95935,95937],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,95932,110],{"class":109},[69,95934,113],{"class":83},[69,95936,3512],{"class":121},[69,95938,221],{"class":83},[14,95940,95941],{},[22,95942,643],{},[60,95944,95946],{"className":62,"code":95945,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[17,95947,95948],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,95949,95950,95952,95954,95956,95958,95960,95962,95964,95966],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,95951,8914],{"class":83},[69,95953,473],{"class":87},[69,95955,91],{"class":83},[69,95957,316],{"class":87},[69,95959,91],{"class":83},[69,95961,516],{"class":87},[69,95963,91],{"class":83},[69,95965,2323],{"class":87},[69,95967,8945],{"class":83},[14,95969,132,95970,95972],{},[17,95971,95878],{}," to put one value into a set. If the value is already in the set, nothing changes.",[141,95974,3540,95976,3543],{"id":95975},"what-setadd-does",[17,95977,95883],{},[14,95979,95980,95982],{},[17,95981,95883],{}," is a built-in set method that:",[30,95984,95985,95988,95991,95994],{},[33,95986,95987],{},"Adds one item to a set",[33,95989,95990],{},"Changes the original set in place",[33,95992,95993],{},"Does not return a new set",[33,95995,95996],{},"Leaves the set unchanged if the item already exists",[14,95998,95999,96000,54,96004,25],{},"If you are new to sets, see ",[192,96001,96003],{"href":96002},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained","Python sets explained",[192,96005,96007],{"href":96006},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","how to create a set in Python",[141,96009,2024],{"id":2023},[60,96011,96013],{"className":62,"code":96012,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_set.add(item)\n",[17,96014,96015],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,96016,96017,96019,96021,96023,96025,96027],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,96018,15313],{"class":75},[69,96020,25],{"class":83},[69,96022,81778],{"class":121},[69,96024,113],{"class":83},[69,96026,22962],{"class":121},[69,96028,221],{"class":83},[14,96030,11099],{},[30,96032,96033,96038,96041],{},[33,96034,55578,96035,96037],{},[17,96036,95878],{}," on an existing set",[33,96039,96040],{},"Pass exactly one item",[33,96042,96043,96044],{},"The item must be ",[22,96045,96046],{},"hashable",[14,96048,96049],{},"A hashable value is a value Python can safely store in a set. Common hashable values include:",[30,96051,96052,96054,96056,96059],{},[33,96053,56131],{},[33,96055,56134],{},[33,96057,96058],{},"Tuples",[33,96060,40258],{},[141,96062,11116],{"id":11115},[14,96064,11119],{},[60,96066,96068],{"className":62,"code":96067,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.add(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[17,96069,96070,96094,96112,96116],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,96071,96072,96074,96076,96078,96080,96082,96084,96086,96088,96090,96092],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,96073,12720],{"class":75},[69,96075,80],{"class":79},[69,96077,10128],{"class":83},[69,96079,333],{"class":94},[69,96081,12737],{"class":336},[69,96083,333],{"class":94},[69,96085,91],{"class":83},[69,96087,964],{"class":94},[69,96089,12754],{"class":336},[69,96091,333],{"class":94},[69,96093,8945],{"class":83},[69,96095,96096,96098,96100,96102,96104,96106,96108,96110],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,96097,17151],{"class":75},[69,96099,25],{"class":83},[69,96101,81778],{"class":121},[69,96103,113],{"class":83},[69,96105,333],{"class":94},[69,96107,17104],{"class":336},[69,96109,333],{"class":94},[69,96111,221],{"class":83},[69,96113,96114],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,96115,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,96117,96118,96120,96122,96124],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,96119,110],{"class":109},[69,96121,113],{"class":83},[69,96123,17151],{"class":121},[69,96125,221],{"class":83},[14,96127,96128],{},[22,96129,29684],{},[60,96131,96133],{"className":62,"code":96132,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'red', 'green', 'blue'}\n",[17,96134,96135],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,96136,96137,96139,96141,96143,96145,96147,96149,96151,96153,96155,96157,96159,96161],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,96138,8914],{"class":83},[69,96140,488],{"class":94},[69,96142,12737],{"class":336},[69,96144,488],{"class":94},[69,96146,91],{"class":83},[69,96148,3161],{"class":94},[69,96150,17104],{"class":336},[69,96152,488],{"class":94},[69,96154,91],{"class":83},[69,96156,3161],{"class":94},[69,96158,12754],{"class":336},[69,96160,488],{"class":94},[69,96162,8945],{"class":83},[14,96164,96165,96166,96169],{},"The new value ",[17,96167,96168],{},"\"green\""," was added to the set.",[14,96171,96172,96173,96176],{},"One important thing to remember: ",[22,96174,96175],{},"sets are unordered collections",". That means you should not rely on the printed order of values.",[14,96178,96179],{},"For example, this is also valid output:",[60,96181,96183],{"className":62,"code":96182,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'blue', 'red', 'green'}\n",[17,96184,96185],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,96186,96187,96189,96191,96193,96195,96197,96199,96201,96203,96205,96207,96209,96211],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,96188,8914],{"class":83},[69,96190,488],{"class":94},[69,96192,12754],{"class":336},[69,96194,488],{"class":94},[69,96196,91],{"class":83},[69,96198,3161],{"class":94},[69,96200,12737],{"class":336},[69,96202,488],{"class":94},[69,96204,91],{"class":83},[69,96206,3161],{"class":94},[69,96208,17104],{"class":336},[69,96210,488],{"class":94},[69,96212,8945],{"class":83},[14,96214,96215],{},"The values are the same. Only the display order is different.",[141,96217,96219],{"id":96218},"what-happens-with-duplicate-values","What happens with duplicate values",[14,96221,96222],{},"Sets store unique values only. If you try to add a value that is already in the set, Python does not raise an error.",[60,96224,96226],{"className":62,"code":96225,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,96227,96228,96248,96262,96266],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,96229,96230,96232,96234,96236,96238,96240,96242,96244,96246],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,96231,801],{"class":75},[69,96233,80],{"class":79},[69,96235,10128],{"class":83},[69,96237,473],{"class":87},[69,96239,91],{"class":83},[69,96241,316],{"class":87},[69,96243,91],{"class":83},[69,96245,516],{"class":87},[69,96247,8945],{"class":83},[69,96249,96250,96252,96254,96256,96258,96260],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,96251,3512],{"class":75},[69,96253,25],{"class":83},[69,96255,81778],{"class":121},[69,96257,113],{"class":83},[69,96259,821],{"class":87},[69,96261,221],{"class":83},[69,96263,96264],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,96265,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,96267,96268,96270,96272,96274],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,96269,110],{"class":109},[69,96271,113],{"class":83},[69,96273,3512],{"class":121},[69,96275,221],{"class":83},[14,96277,96278],{},[22,96279,643],{},[60,96281,96283],{"className":62,"code":96282,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{1, 2, 3}\n",[17,96284,96285],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,96286,96287,96289,96291,96293,96295,96297,96299],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,96288,8914],{"class":83},[69,96290,473],{"class":87},[69,96292,91],{"class":83},[69,96294,316],{"class":87},[69,96296,91],{"class":83},[69,96298,516],{"class":87},[69,96300,8945],{"class":83},[14,96302,96303,96304,96306],{},"The set stays the same because ",[17,96305,821],{}," was already present.",[141,96308,96310,10223,96312],{"id":96309},"add-vs-update",[17,96311,95878],{},[17,96313,14600],{},[14,96315,132,96316,96318,96319,25],{},[17,96317,95878],{}," when you want to add ",[22,96320,52325],{},[60,96322,96324],{"className":62,"code":96323,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.add(\"c\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[17,96325,96326,96350,96368,96372],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,96327,96328,96330,96332,96334,96336,96338,96340,96342,96344,96346,96348],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,96329,35750],{"class":75},[69,96331,80],{"class":79},[69,96333,10128],{"class":83},[69,96335,333],{"class":94},[69,96337,192],{"class":336},[69,96339,333],{"class":94},[69,96341,91],{"class":83},[69,96343,964],{"class":94},[69,96345,4587],{"class":336},[69,96347,333],{"class":94},[69,96349,8945],{"class":83},[69,96351,96352,96354,96356,96358,96360,96362,96364,96366],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,96353,35803],{"class":75},[69,96355,25],{"class":83},[69,96357,81778],{"class":121},[69,96359,113],{"class":83},[69,96361,333],{"class":94},[69,96363,9376],{"class":336},[69,96365,333],{"class":94},[69,96367,221],{"class":83},[69,96369,96370],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,96371,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,96373,96374,96376,96378,96380],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,96375,110],{"class":109},[69,96377,113],{"class":83},[69,96379,35803],{"class":121},[69,96381,221],{"class":83},[14,96383,132,96384,96318,96386,96389],{},[17,96385,14600],{},[22,96387,96388],{},"multiple items from an iterable"," such as a list, tuple, or set.",[60,96391,96393],{"className":62,"code":96392,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.update([\"c\", \"d\", \"e\"])\n\nprint(letters)\n",[17,96394,96395,96419,96453,96457],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,96396,96397,96399,96401,96403,96405,96407,96409,96411,96413,96415,96417],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,96398,35750],{"class":75},[69,96400,80],{"class":79},[69,96402,10128],{"class":83},[69,96404,333],{"class":94},[69,96406,192],{"class":336},[69,96408,333],{"class":94},[69,96410,91],{"class":83},[69,96412,964],{"class":94},[69,96414,4587],{"class":336},[69,96416,333],{"class":94},[69,96418,8945],{"class":83},[69,96420,96421,96423,96425,96427,96429,96431,96433,96435,96437,96439,96441,96443,96445,96447,96449,96451],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,96422,35803],{"class":75},[69,96424,25],{"class":83},[69,96426,30119],{"class":121},[69,96428,260],{"class":83},[69,96430,333],{"class":94},[69,96432,9376],{"class":336},[69,96434,333],{"class":94},[69,96436,91],{"class":83},[69,96438,964],{"class":94},[69,96440,18417],{"class":336},[69,96442,333],{"class":94},[69,96444,91],{"class":83},[69,96446,964],{"class":94},[69,96448,60118],{"class":336},[69,96450,333],{"class":94},[69,96452,3727],{"class":83},[69,96454,96455],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,96456,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,96458,96459,96461,96463,96465],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,96460,110],{"class":109},[69,96462,113],{"class":83},[69,96464,35803],{"class":121},[69,96466,221],{"class":83},[1369,96468,96470],{"id":96469},"key-difference","Key difference",[30,96472,96473,96478],{},[33,96474,96475,96477],{},[17,96476,95878],{}," adds one item",[33,96479,96480,96482],{},[17,96481,14600],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable",[14,96484,96485,96486,25],{},"If you want to learn that method next, see ",[192,96487,96489,96490,10379],{"href":96488},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","Python set ",[17,96491,14600],{},[141,96493,17067],{"id":17066},[14,96495,96496,678,96498,25],{},[17,96497,95883],{},[17,96499,449],{},[14,96501,96502,96503,96505],{},"That means you should ",[22,96504,4457],{}," assign its result back to the variable.",[1369,96507,96509],{"id":96508},"correct","Correct",[60,96511,96513],{"className":62,"code":96512,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[17,96514,96515,96535,96549,96553],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,96516,96517,96519,96521,96523,96525,96527,96529,96531,96533],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,96518,15275],{"class":75},[69,96520,80],{"class":79},[69,96522,10128],{"class":83},[69,96524,473],{"class":87},[69,96526,91],{"class":83},[69,96528,316],{"class":87},[69,96530,91],{"class":83},[69,96532,516],{"class":87},[69,96534,8945],{"class":83},[69,96536,96537,96539,96541,96543,96545,96547],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,96538,15313],{"class":75},[69,96540,25],{"class":83},[69,96542,81778],{"class":121},[69,96544,113],{"class":83},[69,96546,808],{"class":87},[69,96548,221],{"class":83},[69,96550,96551],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,96552,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,96554,96555,96557,96559,96561],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,96556,110],{"class":109},[69,96558,113],{"class":83},[69,96560,15313],{"class":121},[69,96562,221],{"class":83},[1369,96564,96565],{"id":61440},"Wrong",[60,96567,96569],{"className":62,"code":96568,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[17,96570,96571,96591,96610,96614],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,96572,96573,96575,96577,96579,96581,96583,96585,96587,96589],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,96574,15275],{"class":75},[69,96576,80],{"class":79},[69,96578,10128],{"class":83},[69,96580,473],{"class":87},[69,96582,91],{"class":83},[69,96584,316],{"class":87},[69,96586,91],{"class":83},[69,96588,516],{"class":87},[69,96590,8945],{"class":83},[69,96592,96593,96595,96597,96600,96602,96604,96606,96608],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,96594,15275],{"class":75},[69,96596,80],{"class":79},[69,96598,96599],{"class":75}," my_set",[69,96601,25],{"class":83},[69,96603,81778],{"class":121},[69,96605,113],{"class":83},[69,96607,808],{"class":87},[69,96609,221],{"class":83},[69,96611,96612],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,96613,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,96615,96616,96618,96620,96622],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,96617,110],{"class":109},[69,96619,113],{"class":83},[69,96621,15313],{"class":121},[69,96623,221],{"class":83},[14,96625,96626],{},[22,96627,643],{},[60,96629,96630],{"className":62,"code":11450,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,96631,96632],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,96633,96634],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,96635,11450],{"class":289},[14,96637,96638],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. The method changes the original set directly.",[141,96640,96642],{"id":96641},"items-you-can-and-cannot-add","Items you can and cannot add",[14,96644,96645],{},"You can add hashable values such as:",[30,96647,96648,96650,96652,96654],{},[33,96649,56131],{},[33,96651,56134],{},[33,96653,96058],{},[33,96655,40258],{},[14,96657,2076],{},[60,96659,96661],{"className":62,"code":96660,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = set()\n\nitems.add(10)\nitems.add(\"hello\")\nitems.add((1, 2))\nitems.add(True)\n\nprint(items)\n",[17,96662,96663,96673,96677,96691,96709,96727,96741,96745],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,96664,96665,96667,96669,96671],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,96666,7409],{"class":75},[69,96668,80],{"class":79},[69,96670,15280],{"class":1126},[69,96672,8277],{"class":83},[69,96674,96675],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,96676,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,96678,96679,96681,96683,96685,96687,96689],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,96680,7440],{"class":75},[69,96682,25],{"class":83},[69,96684,81778],{"class":121},[69,96686,113],{"class":83},[69,96688,2197],{"class":87},[69,96690,221],{"class":83},[69,96692,96693,96695,96697,96699,96701,96703,96705,96707],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,96694,7440],{"class":75},[69,96696,25],{"class":83},[69,96698,81778],{"class":121},[69,96700,113],{"class":83},[69,96702,333],{"class":94},[69,96704,337],{"class":336},[69,96706,333],{"class":94},[69,96708,221],{"class":83},[69,96710,96711,96713,96715,96717,96719,96721,96723,96725],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,96712,7440],{"class":75},[69,96714,25],{"class":83},[69,96716,81778],{"class":121},[69,96718,286],{"class":83},[69,96720,473],{"class":87},[69,96722,91],{"class":83},[69,96724,316],{"class":87},[69,96726,342],{"class":83},[69,96728,96729,96731,96733,96735,96737,96739],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,96730,7440],{"class":75},[69,96732,25],{"class":83},[69,96734,81778],{"class":121},[69,96736,113],{"class":83},[69,96738,53],{"class":289},[69,96740,221],{"class":83},[69,96742,96743],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,96744,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,96746,96747,96749,96751,96753],{"class":71,"line":1269},[69,96748,110],{"class":109},[69,96750,113],{"class":83},[69,96752,7440],{"class":121},[69,96754,221],{"class":83},[14,96756,96757],{},"You cannot add mutable values such as:",[30,96759,96760,96763,96766],{},[33,96761,96762],{},"Lists",[33,96764,96765],{},"Dictionaries",[33,96767,96768],{},"Sets",[14,96770,96771],{},"Example that causes an error:",[60,96773,96775],{"className":62,"code":96774,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.add([4, 5])\n",[17,96776,96777,96797],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,96778,96779,96781,96783,96785,96787,96789,96791,96793,96795],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,96780,7409],{"class":75},[69,96782,80],{"class":79},[69,96784,10128],{"class":83},[69,96786,473],{"class":87},[69,96788,91],{"class":83},[69,96790,316],{"class":87},[69,96792,91],{"class":83},[69,96794,516],{"class":87},[69,96796,8945],{"class":83},[69,96798,96799,96801,96803,96805,96807,96809,96811,96813],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,96800,7440],{"class":75},[69,96802,25],{"class":83},[69,96804,81778],{"class":121},[69,96806,260],{"class":83},[69,96808,808],{"class":87},[69,96810,91],{"class":83},[69,96812,100],{"class":87},[69,96814,3727],{"class":83},[14,96816,96817],{},[22,96818,29335],{},[60,96820,96822],{"className":62,"code":96821,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'\n",[17,96823,96824],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,96825,96826,96828,96830,96833,96835,96837,96839,96841],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,96827,2870],{"class":1126},[69,96829,1044],{"class":83},[69,96831,96832],{"class":75}," unhashable ",[69,96834,3087],{"class":1126},[69,96836,1044],{"class":83},[69,96838,3161],{"class":94},[69,96840,7725],{"class":336},[69,96842,29354],{"class":94},[14,96844,96845],{},"This happens because lists are mutable, so they cannot be stored as set items.",[14,96847,96848,96849,25],{},"If you get this error, see how to fix ",[17,96850,96851],{},"TypeError: unhashable type",[141,96853,2698],{"id":2697},[14,96855,14379,96856,1044],{},[17,96857,95883],{},[30,96859,96860,96865,96870,96873,96880],{},[33,96861,8050,96862,96864],{},[17,96863,95878],{}," when you need to insert multiple values",[33,96866,8086,96867,96869],{},[17,96868,95878],{}," to return the updated set",[33,96871,96872],{},"Trying to add a list or dictionary to a set",[33,96874,36865,96875,96877,96878],{},[17,96876,95883],{}," with list ",[17,96879,52321],{},[33,96881,96882],{},"Expecting sets to keep insertion order for display logic",[14,96884,71178],{},[60,96886,96888],{"className":62,"code":96887,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nhelp(set.add)\n",[17,96889,96890,96900,96914,96924,96938],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,96891,96892,96894,96896,96898],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,96893,110],{"class":109},[69,96895,113],{"class":83},[69,96897,15313],{"class":121},[69,96899,221],{"class":83},[69,96901,96902,96904,96906,96908,96910,96912],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,96903,110],{"class":109},[69,96905,113],{"class":83},[69,96907,3087],{"class":1126},[69,96909,113],{"class":83},[69,96911,15313],{"class":121},[69,96913,342],{"class":83},[69,96915,96916,96918,96920,96922],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,96917,110],{"class":109},[69,96919,113],{"class":83},[69,96921,2339],{"class":121},[69,96923,221],{"class":83},[69,96925,96926,96928,96930,96932,96934,96936],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,96927,110],{"class":109},[69,96929,113],{"class":83},[69,96931,3087],{"class":1126},[69,96933,113],{"class":83},[69,96935,2339],{"class":121},[69,96937,342],{"class":83},[69,96939,96940,96942,96944,96946,96948,96950],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,96941,31808],{"class":109},[69,96943,113],{"class":83},[69,96945,1127],{"class":1126},[69,96947,25],{"class":83},[69,96949,81778],{"class":24402},[69,96951,221],{"class":83},[14,96953,96954,96955,96957,96958,25],{},"Also remember that ",[17,96956,95883],{}," is not the same as adding items to a list. If you are working with lists instead, see ",[192,96959,52718],{"href":96960},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python",[141,96962,1651],{"id":1650},[1369,96964,12347,96966,96968],{"id":96965},"does-setadd-return-a-new-set",[17,96967,95883],{}," return a new set?",[14,96970,96971,96972,25],{},"No. It changes the existing set and returns ",[17,96973,449],{},[1369,96975,96977],{"id":96976},"what-if-i-add-a-value-that-is-already-in-the-set","What if I add a value that is already in the set?",[14,96979,96980],{},"Nothing breaks. The set stays the same because sets keep only unique values.",[1369,96982,96984],{"id":96983},"how-do-i-add-more-than-one-item-to-a-set","How do I add more than one item to a set?",[14,96986,132,96987,10731,96990,25],{},[17,96988,96989],{},"set.update()",[17,96991,95878],{},[1369,96993,96995],{"id":96994},"can-i-add-a-list-to-a-set","Can I add a list to a set?",[14,96997,96998,96999,25],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so Python raises a ",[17,97000,2870],{},[141,97002,1771],{"id":1770},[30,97004,97005,97009,97014],{},[33,97006,97007],{},[192,97008,96003],{"href":96002},[33,97010,97011],{},[192,97012,97013],{"href":96006},"How to create a set in Python",[33,97015,97016],{},[192,97017,96489,97018,10379],{"href":96488},[17,97019,14600],{},[14,97021,97022,97023,97025],{},"Once you understand ",[17,97024,95878],{},", the next useful step is learning when to use a set, list, or another collection type so you can choose the right method for the task.",[1802,97027,97028],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":97030},[97031,97032,97034,97035,97036,97037,97041,97045,97046,97047,97054],{"id":1869,"depth":106,"text":1870},{"id":95975,"depth":106,"text":97033},"What set.add() does",{"id":2023,"depth":106,"text":2024},{"id":11115,"depth":106,"text":11116},{"id":96218,"depth":106,"text":96219},{"id":96309,"depth":106,"text":97038,"children":97039},"add() vs update()",[97040],{"id":96469,"depth":300,"text":96470},{"id":17066,"depth":106,"text":17067,"children":97042},[97043,97044],{"id":96508,"depth":300,"text":96509},{"id":61440,"depth":300,"text":96565},{"id":96641,"depth":106,"text":96642},{"id":2697,"depth":106,"text":2698},{"id":1650,"depth":106,"text":1651,"children":97048},[97049,97051,97052,97053],{"id":96965,"depth":300,"text":97050},"Does set.add() return a new set?",{"id":96976,"depth":300,"text":96977},{"id":96983,"depth":300,"text":96984},{"id":96994,"depth":300,"text":96995},{"id":1770,"depth":106,"text":1771},"Master python set add method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method",{"title":95869,"description":97055},"reference\u002Fpython-set-add-method","9I9TzJ60fjl-DGg9PZdc1Vb3FA6ASoe34_STMZ7XW50",{"id":97062,"title":97063,"body":97064,"description":98233,"extension":1828,"meta":98234,"navigation":833,"path":98235,"seo":98236,"stem":98237,"__hash__":98238},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method.md","Python Set clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":97065,"toc":98200},[97066,97071,97077,97084,97129,97131,97142,97147,97152,97156,97170,97175,97177,97179,97194,97196,97210,97212,97214,97279,97281,97291,97293,97311,97317,97324,97329,97403,97405,97422,97428,97433,97504,97506,97533,97550,97553,97559,97561,97568,97572,97639,97641,97656,97659,97712,97714,97722,97734,97736,97740,97745,97747,97796,97798,97806,97808,97853,97855,97865,97871,97879,97892,97898,97900,97929,97931,97949,97953,97956,97987,97989,98007,98011,98086,98088,98104,98111,98113,98118,98123,98129,98132,98136,98144,98151,98159,98161,98197],[10,97067,95875,97069,10962],{"id":97068},"python-set-clear-method",[17,97070,10961],{},[14,97072,97073,97076],{},[17,97074,97075],{},"set.clear()"," removes all items from a set.",[14,97078,97079,97080,97083],{},"Use it when you want to empty a set ",[22,97081,97082],{},"without changing the variable itself",". This method changes the existing set in place, which is important when the same set is used in more than one place.",[60,97085,97087],{"className":62,"code":97086,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.clear()\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,97088,97089,97109,97119],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,97090,97091,97093,97095,97097,97099,97101,97103,97105,97107],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,97092,801],{"class":75},[69,97094,80],{"class":79},[69,97096,10128],{"class":83},[69,97098,473],{"class":87},[69,97100,91],{"class":83},[69,97102,316],{"class":87},[69,97104,91],{"class":83},[69,97106,516],{"class":87},[69,97108,8945],{"class":83},[69,97110,97111,97113,97115,97117],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,97112,3512],{"class":75},[69,97114,25],{"class":83},[69,97116,11023],{"class":121},[69,97118,8277],{"class":83},[69,97120,97121,97123,97125,97127],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,97122,110],{"class":109},[69,97124,113],{"class":83},[69,97126,3512],{"class":121},[69,97128,221],{"class":83},[14,97130,643],{},[60,97132,97134],{"className":62,"code":97133,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"set()\n",[17,97135,97136],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,97137,97138,97140],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,97139,1127],{"class":1126},[69,97141,8277],{"class":83},[14,97143,97144,97146],{},[17,97145,10961],{}," removes all items from the set in place. It does not create a new set.",[141,97148,3540,97150,3543],{"id":97149},"what-setclear-does",[17,97151,97075],{},[14,97153,1845,97154,11053],{},[17,97155,10961],{},[30,97157,97158,97161,97163,97167],{},[33,97159,97160],{},"Removes every item from a set",[33,97162,95990],{},[33,97164,11064,97165],{},[17,97166,449],{},[33,97168,97169],{},"Works on mutable set objects",[14,97171,95999,97172,71277],{},[192,97173,96003],{"href":97174},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained\u002F",[141,97176,2024],{"id":2023},[14,97178,54116],{},[60,97180,97182],{"className":62,"code":97181,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_set.clear()\n",[17,97183,97184],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,97185,97186,97188,97190,97192],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,97187,15313],{"class":75},[69,97189,25],{"class":83},[69,97191,11023],{"class":121},[69,97193,8277],{"class":83},[14,97195,12696],{},[30,97197,97198,97201,97204,97207],{},[33,97199,97200],{},"It takes no arguments",[33,97202,97203],{},"It empties the set",[33,97205,97206],{},"It keeps the same set variable",[33,97208,97209],{},"Use it when you want the set to stay the same object, but have no items in it",[141,97211,11116],{"id":11115},[14,97213,11119],{},[60,97215,97217],{"className":62,"code":97216,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"colors = {\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"}\n\ncolors.clear()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[17,97218,97219,97251,97255,97265,97269],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,97220,97221,97223,97225,97227,97229,97231,97233,97235,97237,97239,97241,97243,97245,97247,97249],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,97222,12720],{"class":75},[69,97224,80],{"class":79},[69,97226,10128],{"class":83},[69,97228,333],{"class":94},[69,97230,12737],{"class":336},[69,97232,333],{"class":94},[69,97234,91],{"class":83},[69,97236,964],{"class":94},[69,97238,17104],{"class":336},[69,97240,333],{"class":94},[69,97242,91],{"class":83},[69,97244,964],{"class":94},[69,97246,12754],{"class":336},[69,97248,333],{"class":94},[69,97250,8945],{"class":83},[69,97252,97253],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,97254,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,97256,97257,97259,97261,97263],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,97258,17151],{"class":75},[69,97260,25],{"class":83},[69,97262,11023],{"class":121},[69,97264,8277],{"class":83},[69,97266,97267],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,97268,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,97270,97271,97273,97275,97277],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,97272,110],{"class":109},[69,97274,113],{"class":83},[69,97276,17151],{"class":121},[69,97278,221],{"class":83},[14,97280,643],{},[60,97282,97283],{"className":62,"code":97133,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,97284,97285],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,97286,97287,97289],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,97288,1127],{"class":1126},[69,97290,8277],{"class":83},[14,97292,11325],{},[30,97294,97295,97300,97305],{},[33,97296,97297,97299],{},[17,97298,17151],{}," starts with three values",[33,97301,97302,11338],{},[17,97303,97304],{},"colors.clear()",[33,97306,97307,97308,97310],{},"Printing the set shows ",[17,97309,444],{},", which means an empty set",[141,97312,97314,97316],{"id":97313},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-set",[17,97315,10961],{}," vs creating a new empty set",[14,97318,97319,587,97321,97323],{},[17,97320,10961],{},[17,97322,444],{}," can both give you an empty set, but they do not work the same way.",[1369,97325,8050,97327],{"id":97326},"using-clear",[17,97328,10961],{},[60,97330,97332],{"className":62,"code":97331,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems.clear()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[17,97333,97334,97354,97364,97368,97378,97382,97392],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,97335,97336,97338,97340,97342,97344,97346,97348,97350,97352],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,97337,7409],{"class":75},[69,97339,80],{"class":79},[69,97341,10128],{"class":83},[69,97343,473],{"class":87},[69,97345,91],{"class":83},[69,97347,316],{"class":87},[69,97349,91],{"class":83},[69,97351,516],{"class":87},[69,97353,8945],{"class":83},[69,97355,97356,97359,97361],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,97357,97358],{"class":75},"other_name ",[69,97360,80],{"class":79},[69,97362,97363],{"class":75}," items\n",[69,97365,97366],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,97367,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,97369,97370,97372,97374,97376],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,97371,7440],{"class":75},[69,97373,25],{"class":83},[69,97375,11023],{"class":121},[69,97377,8277],{"class":83},[69,97379,97380],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,97381,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,97383,97384,97386,97388,97390],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,97385,110],{"class":109},[69,97387,113],{"class":83},[69,97389,7440],{"class":121},[69,97391,221],{"class":83},[69,97393,97394,97396,97398,97401],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,97395,110],{"class":109},[69,97397,113],{"class":83},[69,97399,97400],{"class":121},"other_name",[69,97402,221],{"class":83},[14,97404,643],{},[60,97406,97408],{"className":62,"code":97407,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"set()\nset()\n",[17,97409,97410,97416],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,97411,97412,97414],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,97413,1127],{"class":1126},[69,97415,8277],{"class":83},[69,97417,97418,97420],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,97419,1127],{"class":1126},[69,97421,8277],{"class":83},[14,97423,97424,97425,25],{},"Both variables now show an empty set because they refer to the ",[22,97426,97427],{},"same set object",[1369,97429,8050,97431],{"id":97430},"using-set",[17,97432,444],{},[60,97434,97436],{"className":62,"code":97435,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems = set()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[17,97437,97438,97458,97466,97470,97480,97484,97494],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,97439,97440,97442,97444,97446,97448,97450,97452,97454,97456],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,97441,7409],{"class":75},[69,97443,80],{"class":79},[69,97445,10128],{"class":83},[69,97447,473],{"class":87},[69,97449,91],{"class":83},[69,97451,316],{"class":87},[69,97453,91],{"class":83},[69,97455,516],{"class":87},[69,97457,8945],{"class":83},[69,97459,97460,97462,97464],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,97461,97358],{"class":75},[69,97463,80],{"class":79},[69,97465,97363],{"class":75},[69,97467,97468],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,97469,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,97471,97472,97474,97476,97478],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,97473,7409],{"class":75},[69,97475,80],{"class":79},[69,97477,15280],{"class":1126},[69,97479,8277],{"class":83},[69,97481,97482],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,97483,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,97485,97486,97488,97490,97492],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,97487,110],{"class":109},[69,97489,113],{"class":83},[69,97491,7440],{"class":121},[69,97493,221],{"class":83},[69,97495,97496,97498,97500,97502],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,97497,110],{"class":109},[69,97499,113],{"class":83},[69,97501,97400],{"class":121},[69,97503,221],{"class":83},[14,97505,643],{},[60,97507,97509],{"className":62,"code":97508,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"set()\n{1, 2, 3}\n",[17,97510,97511,97517],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,97512,97513,97515],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,97514,1127],{"class":1126},[69,97516,8277],{"class":83},[69,97518,97519,97521,97523,97525,97527,97529,97531],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,97520,8914],{"class":83},[69,97522,473],{"class":87},[69,97524,91],{"class":83},[69,97526,316],{"class":87},[69,97528,91],{"class":83},[69,97530,516],{"class":87},[69,97532,8945],{"class":83},[14,97534,20421,97535,92767,97538,97541,97542,25,97544,97546,97547,97549],{},[17,97536,97537],{},"items = set()",[22,97539,97540],{},"new empty set object"," and assigns it to ",[17,97543,7440],{},[9483,97545],{},"\nBut ",[17,97548,97400],{}," still points to the original set.",[14,97551,97552],{},"This difference matters when more than one variable refers to the same set.",[14,97554,97555,97556,25],{},"If you need help creating sets correctly, see ",[192,97557,96007],{"href":97558},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set\u002F",[141,97560,17067],{"id":17066},[14,97562,97563,13699,97565,97567],{},[17,97564,10961],{},[22,97566,4457],{}," return the emptied set.",[14,97569,1658,97570,25],{},[17,97571,449],{},[60,97573,97575],{"className":62,"code":97574,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,97576,97577,97597,97601,97615,97619,97629],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,97578,97579,97581,97583,97585,97587,97589,97591,97593,97595],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,97580,801],{"class":75},[69,97582,80],{"class":79},[69,97584,10128],{"class":83},[69,97586,473],{"class":87},[69,97588,91],{"class":83},[69,97590,316],{"class":87},[69,97592,91],{"class":83},[69,97594,516],{"class":87},[69,97596,8945],{"class":83},[69,97598,97599],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,97600,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,97602,97603,97605,97607,97609,97611,97613],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,97604,839],{"class":75},[69,97606,80],{"class":79},[69,97608,865],{"class":75},[69,97610,25],{"class":83},[69,97612,11023],{"class":121},[69,97614,8277],{"class":83},[69,97616,97617],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,97618,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,97620,97621,97623,97625,97627],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,97622,110],{"class":109},[69,97624,113],{"class":83},[69,97626,876],{"class":121},[69,97628,221],{"class":83},[69,97630,97631,97633,97635,97637],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,97632,110],{"class":109},[69,97634,113],{"class":83},[69,97636,3512],{"class":121},[69,97638,221],{"class":83},[14,97640,643],{},[60,97642,97644],{"className":62,"code":97643,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"None\nset()\n",[17,97645,97646,97650],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,97647,97648],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,97649,11450],{"class":289},[69,97651,97652,97654],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,97653,1127],{"class":1126},[69,97655,8277],{"class":83},[14,97657,97658],{},"Do not do this:",[60,97660,97662],{"className":62,"code":97661,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,97663,97664,97684,97698,97702],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,97665,97666,97668,97670,97672,97674,97676,97678,97680,97682],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,97667,801],{"class":75},[69,97669,80],{"class":79},[69,97671,10128],{"class":83},[69,97673,473],{"class":87},[69,97675,91],{"class":83},[69,97677,316],{"class":87},[69,97679,91],{"class":83},[69,97681,516],{"class":87},[69,97683,8945],{"class":83},[69,97685,97686,97688,97690,97692,97694,97696],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,97687,801],{"class":75},[69,97689,80],{"class":79},[69,97691,865],{"class":75},[69,97693,25],{"class":83},[69,97695,11023],{"class":121},[69,97697,8277],{"class":83},[69,97699,97700],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,97701,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,97703,97704,97706,97708,97710],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,97705,110],{"class":109},[69,97707,113],{"class":83},[69,97709,3512],{"class":121},[69,97711,221],{"class":83},[14,97713,643],{},[60,97715,97716],{"className":62,"code":11450,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,97717,97718],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,97719,97720],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,97721,11450],{"class":289},[14,97723,21840,97724,678,97726,97728,97729,97731,97732,25],{},[17,97725,54229],{},[17,97727,449],{},", and then you assign that ",[17,97730,449],{}," back to ",[17,97733,3512],{},[141,97735,1362],{"id":1361},[14,97737,10386,97738,25],{},[17,97739,97075],{},[1369,97741,12237,97743],{"id":97742},"assigning-the-result-of-clear",[17,97744,10961],{},[14,97746,16291],{},[60,97748,97750],{"className":62,"code":97749,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[17,97751,97752,97772,97786],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,97753,97754,97756,97758,97760,97762,97764,97766,97768,97770],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,97755,15275],{"class":75},[69,97757,80],{"class":79},[69,97759,10128],{"class":83},[69,97761,473],{"class":87},[69,97763,91],{"class":83},[69,97765,316],{"class":87},[69,97767,91],{"class":83},[69,97769,516],{"class":87},[69,97771,8945],{"class":83},[69,97773,97774,97776,97778,97780,97782,97784],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,97775,15275],{"class":75},[69,97777,80],{"class":79},[69,97779,96599],{"class":75},[69,97781,25],{"class":83},[69,97783,11023],{"class":121},[69,97785,8277],{"class":83},[69,97787,97788,97790,97792,97794],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,97789,110],{"class":109},[69,97791,113],{"class":83},[69,97793,15313],{"class":121},[69,97795,221],{"class":83},[14,97797,643],{},[60,97799,97800],{"className":62,"code":11450,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,97801,97802],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,97803,97804],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,97805,11450],{"class":289},[14,97807,16303],{},[60,97809,97811],{"className":62,"code":97810,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[17,97812,97813,97833,97843],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,97814,97815,97817,97819,97821,97823,97825,97827,97829,97831],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,97816,15275],{"class":75},[69,97818,80],{"class":79},[69,97820,10128],{"class":83},[69,97822,473],{"class":87},[69,97824,91],{"class":83},[69,97826,316],{"class":87},[69,97828,91],{"class":83},[69,97830,516],{"class":87},[69,97832,8945],{"class":83},[69,97834,97835,97837,97839,97841],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,97836,15313],{"class":75},[69,97838,25],{"class":83},[69,97840,11023],{"class":121},[69,97842,8277],{"class":83},[69,97844,97845,97847,97849,97851],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,97846,110],{"class":109},[69,97848,113],{"class":83},[69,97850,15313],{"class":121},[69,97852,221],{"class":83},[14,97854,643],{},[60,97856,97857],{"className":62,"code":97133,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,97858,97859],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,97860,97861,97863],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,97862,1127],{"class":1126},[69,97864,8277],{"class":83},[1369,97866,8086,97868,97870],{"id":97867},"expecting-clear-to-remove-only-one-item",[17,97869,10961],{}," to remove only one item",[14,97872,97873,97875,97876,97878],{},[17,97874,10961],{}," removes ",[22,97877,3579],{}," items from the set.",[14,97880,97881,97882,54,97887,25],{},"If you want to remove a single value, use methods like ",[192,97883,97885],{"href":97884},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method\u002F",[17,97886,55198],{},[192,97888,97890],{"href":97889},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method\u002F",[17,97891,12406],{},[1369,97893,8050,97895,97897],{"id":97894},"using-for-an-empty-set",[17,97896,439],{}," for an empty set",[14,97899,25343],{},[60,97901,97903],{"className":62,"code":97902,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"empty_value = {}\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[17,97904,97905,97914],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,97906,97907,97910,97912],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,97908,97909],{"class":75},"empty_value ",[69,97911,80],{"class":79},[69,97913,9475],{"class":83},[69,97915,97916,97918,97920,97922,97924,97927],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,97917,110],{"class":109},[69,97919,113],{"class":83},[69,97921,3087],{"class":1126},[69,97923,113],{"class":83},[69,97925,97926],{"class":121},"empty_value",[69,97928,342],{"class":83},[14,97930,643],{},[60,97932,97933],{"className":62,"code":8443,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,97934,97935],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,97936,97937,97939,97941,97943,97945,97947],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,97938,852],{"class":79},[69,97940,3158],{"class":1932},[69,97942,3161],{"class":94},[69,97944,8456],{"class":336},[69,97946,488],{"class":94},[69,97948,3168],{"class":79},[14,97950,97951,8423],{},[17,97952,439],{},[14,97954,97955],{},"To create an empty set, use:",[60,97957,97959],{"className":62,"code":97958,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"empty_set = set()\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[17,97960,97961,97972],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,97962,97963,97966,97968,97970],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,97964,97965],{"class":75},"empty_set ",[69,97967,80],{"class":79},[69,97969,15280],{"class":1126},[69,97971,8277],{"class":83},[69,97973,97974,97976,97978,97980,97982,97985],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,97975,110],{"class":109},[69,97977,113],{"class":83},[69,97979,3087],{"class":1126},[69,97981,113],{"class":83},[69,97983,97984],{"class":121},"empty_set",[69,97986,342],{"class":83},[14,97988,643],{},[60,97990,97991],{"className":62,"code":8487,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,97992,97993],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,97994,97995,97997,97999,98001,98003,98005],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,97996,852],{"class":79},[69,97998,3158],{"class":1932},[69,98000,3161],{"class":94},[69,98002,1127],{"class":336},[69,98004,488],{"class":94},[69,98006,3168],{"class":79},[1369,98008,98010],{"id":98009},"not-realizing-another-variable-points-to-the-same-set","Not realizing another variable points to the same set",[60,98012,98014],{"className":62,"code":98013,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = {\"x\", \"y\"}\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\n",[17,98015,98016,98040,98048,98052,98062,98066,98076],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,98017,98018,98020,98022,98024,98026,98028,98030,98032,98034,98036,98038],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,98019,2421],{"class":75},[69,98021,80],{"class":79},[69,98023,10128],{"class":83},[69,98025,333],{"class":94},[69,98027,2041],{"class":336},[69,98029,333],{"class":94},[69,98031,91],{"class":83},[69,98033,964],{"class":94},[69,98035,11387],{"class":336},[69,98037,333],{"class":94},[69,98039,8945],{"class":83},[69,98041,98042,98044,98046],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,98043,2449],{"class":75},[69,98045,80],{"class":79},[69,98047,35835],{"class":75},[69,98049,98050],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,98051,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,98053,98054,98056,98058,98060],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,98055,192],{"class":75},[69,98057,25],{"class":83},[69,98059,11023],{"class":121},[69,98061,8277],{"class":83},[69,98063,98064],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,98065,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,98067,98068,98070,98072,98074],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,98069,110],{"class":109},[69,98071,113],{"class":83},[69,98073,192],{"class":121},[69,98075,221],{"class":83},[69,98077,98078,98080,98082,98084],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,98079,110],{"class":109},[69,98081,113],{"class":83},[69,98083,4587],{"class":121},[69,98085,221],{"class":83},[14,98087,643],{},[60,98089,98090],{"className":62,"code":97407,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,98091,98092,98098],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,98093,98094,98096],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,98095,1127],{"class":1126},[69,98097,8277],{"class":83},[69,98099,98100,98102],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,98101,1127],{"class":1126},[69,98103,8277],{"class":83},[14,98105,28715,98106,587,98108,98110],{},[17,98107,192],{},[17,98109,4587],{}," refer to the same set, clearing one affects both.",[141,98112,1651],{"id":1650},[1369,98114,4969,98116,4972],{"id":98115},"what-does-setclear-return-in-python",[17,98117,97075],{},[14,98119,1658,98120,98122],{},[17,98121,449],{},". It empties the set in place.",[1369,98124,12347,98126,98128],{"id":98125},"does-clear-delete-the-set-variable",[17,98127,10961],{}," delete the set variable?",[14,98130,98131],{},"No. The variable still exists, but the set becomes empty.",[1369,98133,98135],{"id":98134},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-set-after-clearing","How do I create an empty set after clearing?",[14,98137,98138,98139,98141,98142,25],{},"You already have one after ",[17,98140,10961],{},". Printing it shows ",[17,98143,444],{},[1369,98145,5006,98147,587,98149,2359],{"id":98146},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-set",[17,98148,10961],{},[17,98150,444],{},[14,98152,98153,98155,98156,98158],{},[17,98154,10961],{}," empties the existing set object. ",[17,98157,444],{}," creates a new empty set object.",[141,98160,1771],{"id":1770},[30,98162,98163,98167,98171,98178,98184,98190],{},[33,98164,98165],{},[192,98166,96003],{"href":97174},[33,98168,98169],{},[192,98170,97013],{"href":97558},[33,98172,98173],{},[192,98174,96489,98176,10379],{"href":98175},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method\u002F",[17,98177,95878],{},[33,98179,98180],{},[192,98181,96489,98182,10379],{"href":97884},[17,98183,55198],{},[33,98185,98186],{},[192,98187,96489,98188,10379],{"href":97889},[17,98189,12406],{},[33,98191,98192],{},[192,98193,96489,98195,10379],{"href":98194},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method\u002F",[17,98196,14600],{},[1802,98198,98199],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":98201},[98202,98204,98205,98206,98213,98214,98223,98232],{"id":97149,"depth":106,"text":98203},"What set.clear() does",{"id":2023,"depth":106,"text":2024},{"id":11115,"depth":106,"text":11116},{"id":97313,"depth":106,"text":98207,"children":98208},"clear() vs creating a new empty set",[98209,98211],{"id":97326,"depth":300,"text":98210},"Using clear()",{"id":97430,"depth":300,"text":98212},"Using set()",{"id":17066,"depth":106,"text":17067},{"id":1361,"depth":106,"text":1362,"children":98215},[98216,98218,98220,98222],{"id":97742,"depth":300,"text":98217},"Assigning the result of clear()",{"id":97867,"depth":300,"text":98219},"Expecting clear() to remove only one item",{"id":97894,"depth":300,"text":98221},"Using {} for an empty set",{"id":98009,"depth":300,"text":98010},{"id":1650,"depth":106,"text":1651,"children":98224},[98225,98227,98229,98230],{"id":98115,"depth":300,"text":98226},"What does set.clear() return in Python?",{"id":98125,"depth":300,"text":98228},"Does clear() delete the set variable?",{"id":98134,"depth":300,"text":98135},{"id":98146,"depth":300,"text":98231},"What is the difference between clear() and set()?",{"id":1770,"depth":106,"text":1771},"Master python set clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method",{"title":97063,"description":98233},"reference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method","an3xypUqNVPwtX2yUs0k-KfEaD7q5bOcJq4_cTEG7TM",{"id":98240,"title":98241,"body":98242,"description":100074,"extension":1828,"meta":100075,"navigation":833,"path":96006,"seo":100076,"stem":100077,"__hash__":100078},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set.md","Python Set: Creating a Set",{"type":7,"value":98243,"toc":100031},[98244,98247,98250,98253,98255,98358,98362,98409,98415,98417,98436,98440,98443,98445,98459,98468,98472,98475,98510,98514,98534,98537,98541,98544,98605,98609,98634,98641,98647,98652,98654,98666,98670,98719,98723,98747,98754,98758,98799,98803,98824,98828,98861,98865,98906,98909,98913,98918,98957,98961,98986,98991,98997,99034,99038,99061,99065,99067,99070,99073,99150,99154,99191,99194,99198,99204,99207,99217,99266,99272,99278,99305,99308,99330,99332,99363,99366,99370,99374,99413,99417,99480,99483,99516,99520,99545,99547,99550,99556,99559,99586,99589,99607,99611,99615,99618,99661,99664,99668,99671,99674,99704,99707,99711,99714,99729,99734,99738,99741,99830,99832,99835,99925,99928,99946,99948,99952,99962,99966,99974,99978,99981,99985,99988,99992,99995,99997,100025,100028],[10,98245,98241],{"id":98246},"python-set-creating-a-set",[14,98248,98249],{},"This page shows how to create sets in Python, which syntax to use, and what happens with duplicates and empty sets.",[14,98251,98252],{},"A set is useful when you want a collection of unique values. Unlike a list, a set does not keep duplicate items.",[141,98254,3473],{"id":3472},[60,98256,98258],{"className":62,"code":98257,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nwords = set([\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\"])\nempty_set = set()\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(words)\nprint(empty_set)\n",[17,98259,98260,98280,98314,98324,98328,98338,98348],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,98261,98262,98264,98266,98268,98270,98272,98274,98276,98278],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,98263,801],{"class":75},[69,98265,80],{"class":79},[69,98267,10128],{"class":83},[69,98269,473],{"class":87},[69,98271,91],{"class":83},[69,98273,316],{"class":87},[69,98275,91],{"class":83},[69,98277,516],{"class":87},[69,98279,8945],{"class":83},[69,98281,98282,98284,98286,98288,98290,98292,98294,98296,98298,98300,98302,98304,98306,98308,98310,98312],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,98283,943],{"class":75},[69,98285,80],{"class":79},[69,98287,15280],{"class":1126},[69,98289,260],{"class":83},[69,98291,333],{"class":94},[69,98293,952],{"class":336},[69,98295,333],{"class":94},[69,98297,91],{"class":83},[69,98299,964],{"class":94},[69,98301,967],{"class":336},[69,98303,333],{"class":94},[69,98305,91],{"class":83},[69,98307,964],{"class":94},[69,98309,952],{"class":336},[69,98311,333],{"class":94},[69,98313,3727],{"class":83},[69,98315,98316,98318,98320,98322],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,98317,97965],{"class":75},[69,98319,80],{"class":79},[69,98321,15280],{"class":1126},[69,98323,8277],{"class":83},[69,98325,98326],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,98327,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,98329,98330,98332,98334,98336],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,98331,110],{"class":109},[69,98333,113],{"class":83},[69,98335,3512],{"class":121},[69,98337,221],{"class":83},[69,98339,98340,98342,98344,98346],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,98341,110],{"class":109},[69,98343,113],{"class":83},[69,98345,3947],{"class":121},[69,98347,221],{"class":83},[69,98349,98350,98352,98354,98356],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,98351,110],{"class":109},[69,98353,113],{"class":83},[69,98355,97984],{"class":121},[69,98357,221],{"class":83},[14,98359,98360],{},[22,98361,643],{},[60,98363,98365],{"className":62,"code":98364,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{1, 2, 3}\n{'banana', 'apple'}\nset()\n",[17,98366,98367,98383,98403],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,98368,98369,98371,98373,98375,98377,98379,98381],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,98370,8914],{"class":83},[69,98372,473],{"class":87},[69,98374,91],{"class":83},[69,98376,316],{"class":87},[69,98378,91],{"class":83},[69,98380,516],{"class":87},[69,98382,8945],{"class":83},[69,98384,98385,98387,98389,98391,98393,98395,98397,98399,98401],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,98386,8914],{"class":83},[69,98388,488],{"class":94},[69,98390,967],{"class":336},[69,98392,488],{"class":94},[69,98394,91],{"class":83},[69,98396,3161],{"class":94},[69,98398,952],{"class":336},[69,98400,488],{"class":94},[69,98402,8945],{"class":83},[69,98404,98405,98407],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,98406,1127],{"class":1126},[69,98408,8277],{"class":83},[14,98410,98411,98412,98414],{},"Use curly braces with values for a non-empty set. Use ",[17,98413,444],{}," for an empty set.",[141,98416,14809],{"id":14808},[30,98418,98419,98422,98427,98430,98433],{},[33,98420,98421],{},"How to create a set with curly braces",[33,98423,98424,98425],{},"How to create a set with ",[17,98426,444],{},[33,98428,98429],{},"How to create an empty set correctly",[33,98431,98432],{},"What happens to duplicate values",[33,98434,98435],{},"How set creation differs from list, tuple, and dictionary creation",[141,98437,98439],{"id":98438},"what-a-set-is","What a set is",[14,98441,98442],{},"A set is a collection of unique values.",[14,98444,30195],{},[30,98446,98447,98450,98453,98456],{},[33,98448,98449],{},"Sets do not keep duplicate items",[33,98451,98452],{},"Sets are unordered",[33,98454,98455],{},"Sets do not use positions like list indexes",[33,98457,98458],{},"Sets are useful when you only care whether a value exists",[14,98460,98461,98462,54,98464,25],{},"If you want a full beginner explanation, see ",[192,98463,96003],{"href":97174},[192,98465,98467],{"href":98466},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-set-in-python\u002F","what is a set in Python",[141,98469,98471],{"id":98470},"create-a-set-with-curly-braces","Create a set with curly braces",[14,98473,98474],{},"Use curly braces with comma-separated values to create a non-empty set.",[60,98476,98478],{"className":62,"code":98477,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,98479,98480,98500],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,98481,98482,98484,98486,98488,98490,98492,98494,98496,98498],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,98483,801],{"class":75},[69,98485,80],{"class":79},[69,98487,10128],{"class":83},[69,98489,473],{"class":87},[69,98491,91],{"class":83},[69,98493,316],{"class":87},[69,98495,91],{"class":83},[69,98497,516],{"class":87},[69,98499,8945],{"class":83},[69,98501,98502,98504,98506,98508],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,98503,110],{"class":109},[69,98505,113],{"class":83},[69,98507,3512],{"class":121},[69,98509,221],{"class":83},[14,98511,98512],{},[22,98513,29684],{},[60,98515,98516],{"className":62,"code":96282,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,98517,98518],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,98519,98520,98522,98524,98526,98528,98530,98532],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,98521,8914],{"class":83},[69,98523,473],{"class":87},[69,98525,91],{"class":83},[69,98527,316],{"class":87},[69,98529,91],{"class":83},[69,98531,516],{"class":87},[69,98533,8945],{"class":83},[14,98535,98536],{},"This is the shortest way to create a set when you already know the values.",[1369,98538,98540],{"id":98539},"duplicates-are-removed-automatically","Duplicates are removed automatically",[14,98542,98543],{},"If you repeat a value, Python keeps only one copy.",[60,98545,98547],{"className":62,"code":98546,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3}\nprint(numbers)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[17,98548,98549,98581,98591],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,98550,98551,98553,98555,98557,98559,98561,98563,98565,98567,98569,98571,98573,98575,98577,98579],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,98552,801],{"class":75},[69,98554,80],{"class":79},[69,98556,10128],{"class":83},[69,98558,473],{"class":87},[69,98560,91],{"class":83},[69,98562,316],{"class":87},[69,98564,91],{"class":83},[69,98566,316],{"class":87},[69,98568,91],{"class":83},[69,98570,516],{"class":87},[69,98572,91],{"class":83},[69,98574,516],{"class":87},[69,98576,91],{"class":83},[69,98578,516],{"class":87},[69,98580,8945],{"class":83},[69,98582,98583,98585,98587,98589],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,98584,110],{"class":109},[69,98586,113],{"class":83},[69,98588,3512],{"class":121},[69,98590,221],{"class":83},[69,98592,98593,98595,98597,98599,98601,98603],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,98594,110],{"class":109},[69,98596,113],{"class":83},[69,98598,10801],{"class":109},[69,98600,113],{"class":83},[69,98602,3512],{"class":121},[69,98604,342],{"class":83},[14,98606,98607],{},[22,98608,29684],{},[60,98610,98612],{"className":62,"code":98611,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{1, 2, 3}\n3\n",[17,98613,98614,98630],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,98615,98616,98618,98620,98622,98624,98626,98628],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,98617,8914],{"class":83},[69,98619,473],{"class":87},[69,98621,91],{"class":83},[69,98623,316],{"class":87},[69,98625,91],{"class":83},[69,98627,516],{"class":87},[69,98629,8945],{"class":83},[69,98631,98632],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,98633,46283],{"class":87},[14,98635,20628,98636,587,98638,98640],{},[17,98637,821],{},[17,98639,1929],{}," appeared more than once, the set stores each value only once.",[141,98642,98644,98645],{"id":98643},"create-a-set-with-set","Create a set with ",[17,98646,444],{},[14,98648,132,98649,98651],{},[17,98650,444],{}," when you want to build a set from another iterable.",[14,98653,229],{},[30,98655,98656,98658,98660,98662],{},[33,98657,96762],{},[33,98659,96058],{},[33,98661,56134],{},[33,98663,98664],{},[17,98665,35858],{},[1369,98667,98669],{"id":98668},"create-a-set-from-a-list","Create a set from a list",[60,98671,98673],{"className":62,"code":98672,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = set([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,98674,98675,98709],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,98676,98677,98679,98681,98683,98685,98687,98689,98691,98693,98695,98697,98699,98701,98703,98705,98707],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,98678,801],{"class":75},[69,98680,80],{"class":79},[69,98682,15280],{"class":1126},[69,98684,260],{"class":83},[69,98686,473],{"class":87},[69,98688,91],{"class":83},[69,98690,316],{"class":87},[69,98692,91],{"class":83},[69,98694,316],{"class":87},[69,98696,91],{"class":83},[69,98698,516],{"class":87},[69,98700,91],{"class":83},[69,98702,516],{"class":87},[69,98704,91],{"class":83},[69,98706,2323],{"class":87},[69,98708,3727],{"class":83},[69,98710,98711,98713,98715,98717],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,98712,110],{"class":109},[69,98714,113],{"class":83},[69,98716,3512],{"class":121},[69,98718,221],{"class":83},[14,98720,98721],{},[22,98722,29684],{},[60,98724,98725],{"className":62,"code":95945,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,98726,98727],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,98728,98729,98731,98733,98735,98737,98739,98741,98743,98745],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,98730,8914],{"class":83},[69,98732,473],{"class":87},[69,98734,91],{"class":83},[69,98736,316],{"class":87},[69,98738,91],{"class":83},[69,98740,516],{"class":87},[69,98742,91],{"class":83},[69,98744,2323],{"class":87},[69,98746,8945],{"class":83},[14,98748,98749,98750,25],{},"This is a common way to remove duplicates from a list. For a full task-based example, see ",[192,98751,98753],{"href":98752},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[1369,98755,98757],{"id":98756},"create-a-set-from-a-tuple","Create a set from a tuple",[60,98759,98761],{"className":62,"code":98760,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"values = set((10, 20, 20, 30))\nprint(values)\n",[17,98762,98763,98789],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,98764,98765,98767,98769,98771,98773,98775,98777,98779,98781,98783,98785,98787],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,98766,76],{"class":75},[69,98768,80],{"class":79},[69,98770,15280],{"class":1126},[69,98772,286],{"class":83},[69,98774,2197],{"class":87},[69,98776,91],{"class":83},[69,98778,7420],{"class":87},[69,98780,91],{"class":83},[69,98782,7420],{"class":87},[69,98784,91],{"class":83},[69,98786,7425],{"class":87},[69,98788,342],{"class":83},[69,98790,98791,98793,98795,98797],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,98792,110],{"class":109},[69,98794,113],{"class":83},[69,98796,122],{"class":121},[69,98798,221],{"class":83},[14,98800,98801],{},[22,98802,29684],{},[60,98804,98806],{"className":62,"code":98805,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{10, 20, 30}\n",[17,98807,98808],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,98809,98810,98812,98814,98816,98818,98820,98822],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,98811,8914],{"class":83},[69,98813,2197],{"class":87},[69,98815,91],{"class":83},[69,98817,7420],{"class":87},[69,98819,91],{"class":83},[69,98821,7425],{"class":87},[69,98823,8945],{"class":83},[1369,98825,98827],{"id":98826},"create-a-set-from-a-string","Create a set from a string",[60,98829,98831],{"className":62,"code":98830,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"letters = set(\"hello\")\nprint(letters)\n",[17,98832,98833,98851],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,98834,98835,98837,98839,98841,98843,98845,98847,98849],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,98836,35750],{"class":75},[69,98838,80],{"class":79},[69,98840,15280],{"class":1126},[69,98842,113],{"class":83},[69,98844,333],{"class":94},[69,98846,337],{"class":336},[69,98848,333],{"class":94},[69,98850,221],{"class":83},[69,98852,98853,98855,98857,98859],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,98854,110],{"class":109},[69,98856,113],{"class":83},[69,98858,35803],{"class":121},[69,98860,221],{"class":83},[14,98862,98863],{},[22,98864,29684],{},[60,98866,98868],{"className":62,"code":98867,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n",[17,98869,98870],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,98871,98872,98874,98876,98878,98880,98882,98884,98886,98888,98890,98892,98894,98896,98898,98900,98902,98904],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,98873,8914],{"class":83},[69,98875,488],{"class":94},[69,98877,60109],{"class":336},[69,98879,488],{"class":94},[69,98881,91],{"class":83},[69,98883,3161],{"class":94},[69,98885,60118],{"class":336},[69,98887,488],{"class":94},[69,98889,91],{"class":83},[69,98891,3161],{"class":94},[69,98893,60127],{"class":336},[69,98895,488],{"class":94},[69,98897,91],{"class":83},[69,98899,3161],{"class":94},[69,98901,60144],{"class":336},[69,98903,488],{"class":94},[69,98905,8945],{"class":83},[14,98907,98908],{},"The string is treated as an iterable of characters, so the set contains unique letters only.",[141,98910,98912],{"id":98911},"how-to-create-an-empty-set","How to create an empty set",[14,98914,98915,98916,25],{},"To create an empty set, use ",[17,98917,444],{},[60,98919,98921],{"className":62,"code":98920,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[17,98922,98923,98933,98943],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,98924,98925,98927,98929,98931],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,98926,97965],{"class":75},[69,98928,80],{"class":79},[69,98930,15280],{"class":1126},[69,98932,8277],{"class":83},[69,98934,98935,98937,98939,98941],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,98936,110],{"class":109},[69,98938,113],{"class":83},[69,98940,97984],{"class":121},[69,98942,221],{"class":83},[69,98944,98945,98947,98949,98951,98953,98955],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,98946,110],{"class":109},[69,98948,113],{"class":83},[69,98950,3087],{"class":1126},[69,98952,113],{"class":83},[69,98954,97984],{"class":121},[69,98956,342],{"class":83},[14,98958,98959],{},[22,98960,643],{},[60,98962,98964],{"className":62,"code":98963,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"set()\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[17,98965,98966,98972],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,98967,98968,98970],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,98969,1127],{"class":1126},[69,98971,8277],{"class":83},[69,98973,98974,98976,98978,98980,98982,98984],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,98975,852],{"class":79},[69,98977,3158],{"class":1932},[69,98979,3161],{"class":94},[69,98981,1127],{"class":336},[69,98983,488],{"class":94},[69,98985,3168],{"class":79},[1369,98987,44094,98989],{"id":98988},"do-not-use",[17,98990,439],{},[14,98992,98993,98994,98996],{},"Empty braces do ",[22,98995,4457],{}," create a set.",[60,98998,99000],{"className":62,"code":98999,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"empty_value = {}\nprint(empty_value)\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[17,99001,99002,99010,99020],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,99003,99004,99006,99008],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,99005,97909],{"class":75},[69,99007,80],{"class":79},[69,99009,9475],{"class":83},[69,99011,99012,99014,99016,99018],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,99013,110],{"class":109},[69,99015,113],{"class":83},[69,99017,97926],{"class":121},[69,99019,221],{"class":83},[69,99021,99022,99024,99026,99028,99030,99032],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,99023,110],{"class":109},[69,99025,113],{"class":83},[69,99027,3087],{"class":1126},[69,99029,113],{"class":83},[69,99031,97926],{"class":121},[69,99033,342],{"class":83},[14,99035,99036],{},[22,99037,643],{},[60,99039,99041],{"className":62,"code":99040,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[17,99042,99043,99047],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,99044,99045],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,99046,9071],{"class":83},[69,99048,99049,99051,99053,99055,99057,99059],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,99050,852],{"class":79},[69,99052,3158],{"class":1932},[69,99054,3161],{"class":94},[69,99056,8456],{"class":336},[69,99058,488],{"class":94},[69,99060,3168],{"class":79},[14,99062,99063,8423],{},[17,99064,439],{},[141,99066,71941],{"id":71940},[14,99068,99069],{},"Sets store each value only once.",[14,99071,99072],{},"If the same value appears multiple times, Python removes the extra copies when the set is created.",[60,99074,99076],{"className":62,"code":99075,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"apple\", \"orange\"}\nprint(words)\nprint(len(words))\n",[17,99077,99078,99126,99136],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,99079,99080,99082,99084,99086,99088,99090,99092,99094,99096,99098,99100,99102,99104,99106,99108,99110,99112,99114,99116,99118,99120,99122,99124],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,99081,943],{"class":75},[69,99083,80],{"class":79},[69,99085,10128],{"class":83},[69,99087,333],{"class":94},[69,99089,952],{"class":336},[69,99091,333],{"class":94},[69,99093,91],{"class":83},[69,99095,964],{"class":94},[69,99097,967],{"class":336},[69,99099,333],{"class":94},[69,99101,91],{"class":83},[69,99103,964],{"class":94},[69,99105,952],{"class":336},[69,99107,333],{"class":94},[69,99109,91],{"class":83},[69,99111,964],{"class":94},[69,99113,952],{"class":336},[69,99115,333],{"class":94},[69,99117,91],{"class":83},[69,99119,964],{"class":94},[69,99121,32877],{"class":336},[69,99123,333],{"class":94},[69,99125,8945],{"class":83},[69,99127,99128,99130,99132,99134],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,99129,110],{"class":109},[69,99131,113],{"class":83},[69,99133,3947],{"class":121},[69,99135,221],{"class":83},[69,99137,99138,99140,99142,99144,99146,99148],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,99139,110],{"class":109},[69,99141,113],{"class":83},[69,99143,10801],{"class":109},[69,99145,113],{"class":83},[69,99147,3947],{"class":121},[69,99149,342],{"class":83},[14,99151,99152],{},[22,99153,29684],{},[60,99155,99157],{"className":62,"code":99156,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n3\n",[17,99158,99159,99187],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,99160,99161,99163,99165,99167,99169,99171,99173,99175,99177,99179,99181,99183,99185],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,99162,8914],{"class":83},[69,99164,488],{"class":94},[69,99166,967],{"class":336},[69,99168,488],{"class":94},[69,99170,91],{"class":83},[69,99172,3161],{"class":94},[69,99174,32877],{"class":336},[69,99176,488],{"class":94},[69,99178,91],{"class":83},[69,99180,3161],{"class":94},[69,99182,952],{"class":336},[69,99184,488],{"class":94},[69,99186,8945],{"class":83},[69,99188,99189],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,99190,46283],{"class":87},[14,99192,99193],{},"This is why sets are helpful for cleaning repeated data.",[141,99195,99197],{"id":99196},"values-you-can-put-in-a-set","Values you can put in a set",[14,99199,99200,99201,99203],{},"Set items must be ",[22,99202,96046],{},". In simple terms, that means Python must be able to treat the value as stable and usable inside a set.",[14,99205,99206],{},"These usually work:",[30,99208,99209,99211,99213,99215],{},[33,99210,56131],{},[33,99212,56134],{},[33,99214,96058],{},[33,99216,40258],{},[60,99218,99220],{"className":62,"code":99219,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"values = {1, \"apple\", (10, 20), True}\nprint(values)\n",[17,99221,99222,99256],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,99223,99224,99226,99228,99230,99232,99234,99236,99238,99240,99242,99244,99246,99248,99250,99252,99254],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,99225,76],{"class":75},[69,99227,80],{"class":79},[69,99229,10128],{"class":83},[69,99231,473],{"class":87},[69,99233,91],{"class":83},[69,99235,964],{"class":94},[69,99237,952],{"class":336},[69,99239,333],{"class":94},[69,99241,91],{"class":83},[69,99243,8872],{"class":83},[69,99245,2197],{"class":87},[69,99247,91],{"class":83},[69,99249,7420],{"class":87},[69,99251,8869],{"class":83},[69,99253,1461],{"class":289},[69,99255,8945],{"class":83},[69,99257,99258,99260,99262,99264],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,99259,110],{"class":109},[69,99261,113],{"class":83},[69,99263,122],{"class":121},[69,99265,221],{"class":83},[14,99267,99268,99269,99271],{},"These do ",[22,99270,4457],{}," work directly:",[30,99273,99274,99276],{},[33,99275,96762],{},[33,99277,96765],{},[60,99279,99281],{"className":62,"code":99280,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"bad_set = {[1, 2, 3]}\n",[17,99282,99283],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,99284,99285,99288,99290,99293,99295,99297,99299,99301,99303],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,99286,99287],{"class":75},"bad_set ",[69,99289,80],{"class":79},[69,99291,99292],{"class":83}," {[",[69,99294,473],{"class":87},[69,99296,91],{"class":83},[69,99298,316],{"class":87},[69,99300,91],{"class":83},[69,99302,516],{"class":87},[69,99304,13351],{"class":83},[14,99306,99307],{},"This raises an error:",[60,99309,99310],{"className":62,"code":96821,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,99311,99312],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,99313,99314,99316,99318,99320,99322,99324,99326,99328],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,99315,2870],{"class":1126},[69,99317,1044],{"class":83},[69,99319,96832],{"class":75},[69,99321,3087],{"class":1126},[69,99323,1044],{"class":83},[69,99325,3161],{"class":94},[69,99327,7725],{"class":336},[69,99329,29354],{"class":94},[14,99331,51748],{},[60,99333,99335],{"className":62,"code":99334,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"bad_set = {{\"name\": \"Sam\"}}\n",[17,99336,99337],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,99338,99339,99341,99343,99346,99348,99350,99352,99354,99356,99358,99360],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,99340,99287],{"class":75},[69,99342,80],{"class":79},[69,99344,99345],{"class":83}," {{",[69,99347,333],{"class":94},[69,99349,7297],{"class":336},[69,99351,333],{"class":94},[69,99353,1044],{"class":83},[69,99355,964],{"class":94},[69,99357,7306],{"class":336},[69,99359,333],{"class":94},[69,99361,99362],{"class":83},"}}\n",[14,99364,99365],{},"This also raises an error because dictionaries are unhashable.",[141,99367,99369],{"id":99368},"set-creation-examples-beginners-need","Set creation examples beginners need",[1369,99371,99373],{"id":99372},"create-a-set-of-numbers","Create a set of numbers",[60,99375,99377],{"className":62,"code":99376,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,99378,99379,99403],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,99380,99381,99383,99385,99387,99389,99391,99393,99395,99397,99399,99401],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,99382,801],{"class":75},[69,99384,80],{"class":79},[69,99386,10128],{"class":83},[69,99388,473],{"class":87},[69,99390,91],{"class":83},[69,99392,316],{"class":87},[69,99394,91],{"class":83},[69,99396,516],{"class":87},[69,99398,91],{"class":83},[69,99400,2323],{"class":87},[69,99402,8945],{"class":83},[69,99404,99405,99407,99409,99411],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,99406,110],{"class":109},[69,99408,113],{"class":83},[69,99410,3512],{"class":121},[69,99412,221],{"class":83},[1369,99414,99416],{"id":99415},"create-a-set-from-a-list-with-duplicates","Create a set from a list with duplicates",[60,99418,99420],{"className":62,"code":99419,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = [1, 1, 2, 3, 3]\nunique_items = set(items)\n\nprint(unique_items)\n",[17,99421,99422,99450,99465,99469],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,99423,99424,99426,99428,99430,99432,99434,99436,99438,99440,99442,99444,99446,99448],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,99425,7409],{"class":75},[69,99427,80],{"class":79},[69,99429,84],{"class":83},[69,99431,473],{"class":87},[69,99433,91],{"class":83},[69,99435,272],{"class":87},[69,99437,91],{"class":83},[69,99439,316],{"class":87},[69,99441,91],{"class":83},[69,99443,516],{"class":87},[69,99445,91],{"class":83},[69,99447,516],{"class":87},[69,99449,103],{"class":83},[69,99451,99452,99455,99457,99459,99461,99463],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,99453,99454],{"class":75},"unique_items ",[69,99456,80],{"class":79},[69,99458,15280],{"class":1126},[69,99460,113],{"class":83},[69,99462,7440],{"class":121},[69,99464,221],{"class":83},[69,99466,99467],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,99468,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,99470,99471,99473,99475,99478],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,99472,110],{"class":109},[69,99474,113],{"class":83},[69,99476,99477],{"class":121},"unique_items",[69,99479,221],{"class":83},[1369,99481,98827],{"id":99482},"create-a-set-from-a-string-1",[60,99484,99486],{"className":62,"code":99485,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"letters = set(\"banana\")\nprint(letters)\n",[17,99487,99488,99506],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,99489,99490,99492,99494,99496,99498,99500,99502,99504],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,99491,35750],{"class":75},[69,99493,80],{"class":79},[69,99495,15280],{"class":1126},[69,99497,113],{"class":83},[69,99499,333],{"class":94},[69,99501,967],{"class":336},[69,99503,333],{"class":94},[69,99505,221],{"class":83},[69,99507,99508,99510,99512,99514],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,99509,110],{"class":109},[69,99511,113],{"class":83},[69,99513,35803],{"class":121},[69,99515,221],{"class":83},[1369,99517,99519],{"id":99518},"create-an-empty-set","Create an empty set",[60,99521,99523],{"className":62,"code":99522,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\n",[17,99524,99525,99535],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,99526,99527,99529,99531,99533],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,99528,97965],{"class":75},[69,99530,80],{"class":79},[69,99532,15280],{"class":1126},[69,99534,8277],{"class":83},[69,99536,99537,99539,99541,99543],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,99538,110],{"class":109},[69,99540,113],{"class":83},[69,99542,97984],{"class":121},[69,99544,221],{"class":83},[141,99546,2698],{"id":2697},[14,99548,99549],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating sets.",[1369,99551,8050,99553,99555],{"id":99552},"using-and-expecting-an-empty-set",[17,99554,439],{}," and expecting an empty set",[14,99557,99558],{},"This is one of the most common mistakes.",[60,99560,99562],{"className":62,"code":99561,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = {}\nprint(type(value))\n",[17,99563,99564,99572],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,99565,99566,99568,99570],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,99567,2313],{"class":75},[69,99569,80],{"class":79},[69,99571,9475],{"class":83},[69,99573,99574,99576,99578,99580,99582,99584],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,99575,110],{"class":109},[69,99577,113],{"class":83},[69,99579,3087],{"class":1126},[69,99581,113],{"class":83},[69,99583,2339],{"class":121},[69,99585,342],{"class":83},[14,99587,99588],{},"This prints:",[60,99590,99591],{"className":62,"code":8443,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,99592,99593],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,99594,99595,99597,99599,99601,99603,99605],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,99596,852],{"class":79},[69,99598,3158],{"class":1932},[69,99600,3161],{"class":94},[69,99602,8456],{"class":336},[69,99604,488],{"class":94},[69,99606,3168],{"class":79},[14,99608,132,99609,1481],{},[17,99610,444],{},[1369,99612,99614],{"id":99613},"forgetting-that-duplicate-values-are-removed","Forgetting that duplicate values are removed",[14,99616,99617],{},"If you create a set with repeated values, the duplicates disappear.",[60,99619,99621],{"className":62,"code":99620,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,99622,99623,99651],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,99624,99625,99627,99629,99631,99633,99635,99637,99639,99641,99643,99645,99647,99649],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,99626,801],{"class":75},[69,99628,80],{"class":79},[69,99630,10128],{"class":83},[69,99632,473],{"class":87},[69,99634,91],{"class":83},[69,99636,272],{"class":87},[69,99638,91],{"class":83},[69,99640,316],{"class":87},[69,99642,91],{"class":83},[69,99644,316],{"class":87},[69,99646,91],{"class":83},[69,99648,516],{"class":87},[69,99650,8945],{"class":83},[69,99652,99653,99655,99657,99659],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,99654,110],{"class":109},[69,99656,113],{"class":83},[69,99658,3512],{"class":121},[69,99660,221],{"class":83},[14,99662,99663],{},"You will only get the unique values.",[1369,99665,99667],{"id":99666},"expecting-set-items-to-stay-in-a-fixed-order","Expecting set items to stay in a fixed order",[14,99669,99670],{},"A set is unordered. You should not rely on item position.",[14,99672,99673],{},"This means code like this does not work:",[60,99675,99677],{"className":62,"code":99676,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = {10, 20, 30}\n# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[17,99678,99679,99699],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,99680,99681,99683,99685,99687,99689,99691,99693,99695,99697],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,99682,801],{"class":75},[69,99684,80],{"class":79},[69,99686,10128],{"class":83},[69,99688,2197],{"class":87},[69,99690,91],{"class":83},[69,99692,7420],{"class":87},[69,99694,91],{"class":83},[69,99696,7425],{"class":87},[69,99698,8945],{"class":83},[69,99700,99701],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,99702,99703],{"class":128},"# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[14,99705,99706],{},"If you need ordered items by position, use a list instead.",[1369,99708,99710],{"id":99709},"trying-to-put-a-list-or-dictionary-inside-a-set","Trying to put a list or dictionary inside a set",[14,99712,99713],{},"Lists and dictionaries cannot be added directly to a set because they are unhashable.",[60,99715,99717],{"className":62,"code":99716,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[17,99718,99719,99724],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,99720,99721],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,99722,99723],{"class":128},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n",[69,99725,99726],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,99727,99728],{"class":128},"# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[14,99730,99731,99732,25],{},"Both examples would raise a ",[17,99733,2870],{},[1369,99735,99737],{"id":99736},"confusing-set-creation-with-dictionary-creation","Confusing set creation with dictionary creation",[14,99739,99740],{},"These look similar, but they are different:",[60,99742,99744],{"className":62,"code":99743,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[17,99745,99746,99766,99798,99802,99816],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,99747,99748,99750,99752,99754,99756,99758,99760,99762,99764],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,99749,15275],{"class":75},[69,99751,80],{"class":79},[69,99753,10128],{"class":83},[69,99755,473],{"class":87},[69,99757,91],{"class":83},[69,99759,316],{"class":87},[69,99761,91],{"class":83},[69,99763,516],{"class":87},[69,99765,8945],{"class":83},[69,99767,99768,99770,99772,99774,99776,99778,99780,99782,99784,99786,99788,99790,99792,99794,99796],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,99769,11366],{"class":75},[69,99771,80],{"class":79},[69,99773,10128],{"class":83},[69,99775,333],{"class":94},[69,99777,192],{"class":336},[69,99779,333],{"class":94},[69,99781,1044],{"class":83},[69,99783,272],{"class":87},[69,99785,91],{"class":83},[69,99787,964],{"class":94},[69,99789,4587],{"class":336},[69,99791,333],{"class":94},[69,99793,1044],{"class":83},[69,99795,316],{"class":87},[69,99797,8945],{"class":83},[69,99799,99800],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,99801,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,99803,99804,99806,99808,99810,99812,99814],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,99805,110],{"class":109},[69,99807,113],{"class":83},[69,99809,3087],{"class":1126},[69,99811,113],{"class":83},[69,99813,15313],{"class":121},[69,99815,342],{"class":83},[69,99817,99818,99820,99822,99824,99826,99828],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,99819,110],{"class":109},[69,99821,113],{"class":83},[69,99823,3087],{"class":1126},[69,99825,113],{"class":83},[69,99827,11090],{"class":121},[69,99829,342],{"class":83},[141,99831,92458],{"id":92457},[14,99833,99834],{},"If you are not sure what Python created, these quick checks help:",[60,99836,99838],{"className":62,"code":99837,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_set = set([1, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint({})\nprint(set())\n",[17,99839,99840,99866,99870,99884,99894,99908,99915],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,99841,99842,99844,99846,99848,99850,99852,99854,99856,99858,99860,99862,99864],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,99843,15275],{"class":75},[69,99845,80],{"class":79},[69,99847,15280],{"class":1126},[69,99849,260],{"class":83},[69,99851,473],{"class":87},[69,99853,91],{"class":83},[69,99855,316],{"class":87},[69,99857,91],{"class":83},[69,99859,316],{"class":87},[69,99861,91],{"class":83},[69,99863,516],{"class":87},[69,99865,3727],{"class":83},[69,99867,99868],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,99869,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,99871,99872,99874,99876,99878,99880,99882],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,99873,110],{"class":109},[69,99875,113],{"class":83},[69,99877,3087],{"class":1126},[69,99879,113],{"class":83},[69,99881,15313],{"class":121},[69,99883,342],{"class":83},[69,99885,99886,99888,99890,99892],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,99887,110],{"class":109},[69,99889,113],{"class":83},[69,99891,15313],{"class":121},[69,99893,221],{"class":83},[69,99895,99896,99898,99900,99902,99904,99906],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,99897,110],{"class":109},[69,99899,113],{"class":83},[69,99901,10801],{"class":109},[69,99903,113],{"class":83},[69,99905,15313],{"class":121},[69,99907,342],{"class":83},[69,99909,99910,99912],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,99911,110],{"class":109},[69,99913,99914],{"class":83},"({})\n",[69,99916,99917,99919,99921,99923],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,99918,110],{"class":109},[69,99920,113],{"class":83},[69,99922,1127],{"class":1126},[69,99924,6822],{"class":83},[14,99926,99927],{},"Use these to confirm:",[30,99929,99930,99933,99936,99939],{},[33,99931,99932],{},"The object type",[33,99934,99935],{},"The actual values stored",[33,99937,99938],{},"Whether duplicates were removed",[33,99940,99941,99942,587,99944],{},"The difference between ",[17,99943,439],{},[17,99945,444],{},[141,99947,1651],{"id":1650},[1369,99949,99951],{"id":99950},"how-do-you-create-a-set-in-python","How do you create a set in Python?",[14,99953,99954,99955,99958,99959,99961],{},"Use curly braces for a non-empty set, like ",[17,99956,99957],{},"{1, 2, 3}",", or use ",[17,99960,444],{}," with another iterable.",[1369,99963,99965],{"id":99964},"how-do-you-create-an-empty-set-in-python","How do you create an empty set in Python?",[14,99967,132,99968,99970,99971,99973],{},[17,99969,444],{},". Empty braces ",[17,99972,439],{}," create a dictionary, not a set.",[1369,99975,99977],{"id":99976},"does-a-set-keep-duplicates","Does a set keep duplicates?",[14,99979,99980],{},"No. Python removes duplicate values automatically when the set is created.",[1369,99982,99984],{"id":99983},"can-a-set-contain-a-list","Can a set contain a list?",[14,99986,99987],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so they cannot be stored inside a set.",[1369,99989,99991],{"id":99990},"is-a-set-ordered-in-python","Is a set ordered in Python?",[14,99993,99994],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item position.",[141,99996,1771],{"id":1770},[30,99998,99999,100003,100009,100015,100020],{},[33,100000,100001],{},[192,100002,96003],{"href":97174},[33,100004,100005],{},[192,100006,3441,100007,10379],{"href":98175},[17,100008,95883],{},[33,100010,100011],{},[192,100012,3441,100013,10379],{"href":98194},[17,100014,96989],{},[33,100016,100017],{},[192,100018,100019],{"href":98752},"How to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[33,100021,100022],{},[192,100023,100024],{"href":98466},"What is a set in Python?",[14,100026,100027],{},"Next, learn how to add items to a set or use a set to remove duplicates from data.",[1802,100029,100030],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":100032},[100033,100034,100035,100036,100039,100045,100049,100050,100051,100057,100065,100066,100073],{"id":3472,"depth":106,"text":3473},{"id":14808,"depth":106,"text":14809},{"id":98438,"depth":106,"text":98439},{"id":98470,"depth":106,"text":98471,"children":100037},[100038],{"id":98539,"depth":300,"text":98540},{"id":98643,"depth":106,"text":100040,"children":100041},"Create a set with set()",[100042,100043,100044],{"id":98668,"depth":300,"text":98669},{"id":98756,"depth":300,"text":98757},{"id":98826,"depth":300,"text":98827},{"id":98911,"depth":106,"text":98912,"children":100046},[100047],{"id":98988,"depth":300,"text":100048},"Do not use {}",{"id":71940,"depth":106,"text":71941},{"id":99196,"depth":106,"text":99197},{"id":99368,"depth":106,"text":99369,"children":100052},[100053,100054,100055,100056],{"id":99372,"depth":300,"text":99373},{"id":99415,"depth":300,"text":99416},{"id":99482,"depth":300,"text":98827},{"id":99518,"depth":300,"text":99519},{"id":2697,"depth":106,"text":2698,"children":100058},[100059,100061,100062,100063,100064],{"id":99552,"depth":300,"text":100060},"Using {} and expecting an empty set",{"id":99613,"depth":300,"text":99614},{"id":99666,"depth":300,"text":99667},{"id":99709,"depth":300,"text":99710},{"id":99736,"depth":300,"text":99737},{"id":92457,"depth":106,"text":92458},{"id":1650,"depth":106,"text":1651,"children":100067},[100068,100069,100070,100071,100072],{"id":99950,"depth":300,"text":99951},{"id":99964,"depth":300,"text":99965},{"id":99976,"depth":300,"text":99977},{"id":99983,"depth":300,"text":99984},{"id":99990,"depth":300,"text":99991},{"id":1770,"depth":106,"text":1771},"Master python set creating a set in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":98241,"description":100074},"reference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","F7KVZkLoMkGFL1kMVB2Scd2DlvV1I1oMzOpp-WRoVog",{"id":100080,"title":100081,"body":100082,"description":102513,"extension":1828,"meta":102514,"navigation":833,"path":102515,"seo":102516,"stem":102517,"__hash__":102518},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method.md","Python Set difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":100083,"toc":102478},[100084,100090,100096,100099,100101,100178,100180,100197,100207,100209,100214,100222,100224,100240,100244,100246,100248,100251,100272,100275,100299,100305,100307,100404,100406,100423,100433,100435,100437,100445,100447,100458,100460,100551,100553,100577,100588,100590,100592,100595,100725,100727,100800,100802,100823,100826,100828,100834,100839,100842,100969,100971,100988,100991,100993,101001,101004,101008,101016,101107,101109,101146,101151,101158,101235,101237,101253,101258,101263,101265,101274,101282,101363,101365,101394,101397,101401,101412,101415,101498,101500,101521,101527,101529,101531,101535,101539,101546,101611,101613,101633,101636,101705,101707,101723,101727,101733,101745,101753,101755,101840,101842,101871,101874,101878,101883,101885,101935,101938,102019,102021,102037,102041,102044,102119,102122,102126,102129,102206,102208,102241,102247,102251,102254,102389,102391,102405,102407,102409,102415,102418,102425,102433,102439,102442,102446,102449,102451,102453,102475],[10,100085,95875,100087,10962],{"id":100086},"python-set-difference-method",[17,100088,100089],{},"difference()",[14,100091,100092,100095],{},[17,100093,100094],{},"set.difference()"," returns the values that are in one set but not in another.",[14,100097,100098],{},"This is useful when you want to find items that exist in the first set and remove anything that also appears in one or more other sets.",[141,100100,3473],{"id":3472},[60,100102,100104],{"className":62,"code":100103,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\nresult = a.difference(b)\nprint(result)\n",[17,100105,100106,100130,100150,100168],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,100107,100108,100110,100112,100114,100116,100118,100120,100122,100124,100126,100128],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,100109,2421],{"class":75},[69,100111,80],{"class":79},[69,100113,10128],{"class":83},[69,100115,473],{"class":87},[69,100117,91],{"class":83},[69,100119,316],{"class":87},[69,100121,91],{"class":83},[69,100123,516],{"class":87},[69,100125,91],{"class":83},[69,100127,2323],{"class":87},[69,100129,8945],{"class":83},[69,100131,100132,100134,100136,100138,100140,100142,100144,100146,100148],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,100133,2449],{"class":75},[69,100135,80],{"class":79},[69,100137,10128],{"class":83},[69,100139,1929],{"class":87},[69,100141,91],{"class":83},[69,100143,2323],{"class":87},[69,100145,91],{"class":83},[69,100147,100],{"class":87},[69,100149,8945],{"class":83},[69,100151,100152,100154,100156,100158,100160,100162,100164,100166],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,100153,839],{"class":75},[69,100155,80],{"class":79},[69,100157,56557],{"class":75},[69,100159,25],{"class":83},[69,100161,2679],{"class":121},[69,100163,113],{"class":83},[69,100165,4587],{"class":121},[69,100167,221],{"class":83},[69,100169,100170,100172,100174,100176],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,100171,110],{"class":109},[69,100173,113],{"class":83},[69,100175,876],{"class":121},[69,100177,221],{"class":83},[14,100179,643],{},[60,100181,100183],{"className":62,"code":100182,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{1, 2}\n",[17,100184,100185],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,100186,100187,100189,100191,100193,100195],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,100188,8914],{"class":83},[69,100190,473],{"class":87},[69,100192,91],{"class":83},[69,100194,316],{"class":87},[69,100196,8945],{"class":83},[14,100198,100199,100201,100202,100204,100205,25],{},[17,100200,100089],{}," returns a new set with items from ",[17,100203,192],{}," that are not in ",[17,100206,4587],{},[44582,100208],{},[141,100210,3540,100212,3543],{"id":100211},"what-difference-does",[17,100213,100089],{},[14,100215,1845,100216,100218,100219,100221],{},[17,100217,100089],{}," method compares sets and keeps only the values from the first set that do ",[22,100220,4457],{}," appear in the other set.",[14,100223,12696],{},[30,100225,100226,100231,100234,100237],{},[33,100227,100228,100230],{},[17,100229,100089],{}," returns items that are in the first set but not in the other set",[33,100232,100233],{},"It creates a new set",[33,100235,100236],{},"It does not change the original set",[33,100238,100239],{},"It is useful for finding removed, missing, or unique values",[14,100241,95999,100242,25],{},[192,100243,96003],{"href":97174},[44582,100245],{},[141,100247,2024],{"id":2023},[14,100249,100250],{},"Use this form:",[60,100252,100254],{"className":62,"code":100253,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"set1.difference(set2)\n",[17,100255,100256],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,100257,100258,100261,100263,100265,100267,100270],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,100259,100260],{"class":75},"set1",[69,100262,25],{"class":83},[69,100264,2679],{"class":121},[69,100266,113],{"class":83},[69,100268,100269],{"class":121},"set2",[69,100271,221],{"class":83},[14,100273,100274],{},"You can also compare against more than one set:",[60,100276,100278],{"className":62,"code":100277,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"set1.difference(set2, set3)\n",[17,100279,100280],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,100281,100282,100284,100286,100288,100290,100292,100294,100297],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,100283,100260],{"class":75},[69,100285,25],{"class":83},[69,100287,2679],{"class":121},[69,100289,113],{"class":83},[69,100291,100269],{"class":121},[69,100293,91],{"class":83},[69,100295,100296],{"class":121}," set3",[69,100298,221],{"class":83},[14,100300,100301,100302,100304],{},"In that case, Python removes any value found in ",[22,100303,116],{}," of the other sets.",[14,100306,2076],{},[60,100308,100310],{"className":62,"code":100309,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2, 3}\nc = {5}\n\nresult = a.difference(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[17,100311,100312,100340,100356,100368,100372,100394],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,100313,100314,100316,100318,100320,100322,100324,100326,100328,100330,100332,100334,100336,100338],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,100315,2421],{"class":75},[69,100317,80],{"class":79},[69,100319,10128],{"class":83},[69,100321,473],{"class":87},[69,100323,91],{"class":83},[69,100325,316],{"class":87},[69,100327,91],{"class":83},[69,100329,516],{"class":87},[69,100331,91],{"class":83},[69,100333,2323],{"class":87},[69,100335,91],{"class":83},[69,100337,100],{"class":87},[69,100339,8945],{"class":83},[69,100341,100342,100344,100346,100348,100350,100352,100354],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,100343,2449],{"class":75},[69,100345,80],{"class":79},[69,100347,10128],{"class":83},[69,100349,821],{"class":87},[69,100351,91],{"class":83},[69,100353,516],{"class":87},[69,100355,8945],{"class":83},[69,100357,100358,100360,100362,100364,100366],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,100359,82858],{"class":75},[69,100361,80],{"class":79},[69,100363,10128],{"class":83},[69,100365,670],{"class":87},[69,100367,8945],{"class":83},[69,100369,100370],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,100371,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,100373,100374,100376,100378,100380,100382,100384,100386,100388,100390,100392],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,100375,839],{"class":75},[69,100377,80],{"class":79},[69,100379,56557],{"class":75},[69,100381,25],{"class":83},[69,100383,2679],{"class":121},[69,100385,113],{"class":83},[69,100387,4587],{"class":121},[69,100389,91],{"class":83},[69,100391,9318],{"class":121},[69,100393,221],{"class":83},[69,100395,100396,100398,100400,100402],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,100397,110],{"class":109},[69,100399,113],{"class":83},[69,100401,876],{"class":121},[69,100403,221],{"class":83},[14,100405,643],{},[60,100407,100409],{"className":62,"code":100408,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{1, 4}\n",[17,100410,100411],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,100412,100413,100415,100417,100419,100421],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,100414,8914],{"class":83},[69,100416,473],{"class":87},[69,100418,91],{"class":83},[69,100420,2323],{"class":87},[69,100422,8945],{"class":83},[14,100424,100425,100426,100428,100429,54,100431,25],{},"Here, Python starts with ",[17,100427,192],{}," and removes anything found in ",[17,100430,4587],{},[17,100432,9376],{},[44582,100434],{},[141,100436,17067],{"id":17066},[14,100438,100439,100441,100442,25],{},[17,100440,100089],{}," always returns a ",[22,100443,100444],{},"new set",[14,100446,43315],{},[30,100448,100449,100452,100455],{},[33,100450,100451],{},"The return value is a new set",[33,100453,100454],{},"The result may be an empty set if all items are removed",[33,100456,100457],{},"The result is still a set, even if nothing remains",[14,100459,2076],{},[60,100461,100463],{"className":62,"code":100462,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[17,100464,100465,100481,100501,100505,100523,100527,100537],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,100466,100467,100469,100471,100473,100475,100477,100479],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,100468,2421],{"class":75},[69,100470,80],{"class":79},[69,100472,10128],{"class":83},[69,100474,473],{"class":87},[69,100476,91],{"class":83},[69,100478,316],{"class":87},[69,100480,8945],{"class":83},[69,100482,100483,100485,100487,100489,100491,100493,100495,100497,100499],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,100484,2449],{"class":75},[69,100486,80],{"class":79},[69,100488,10128],{"class":83},[69,100490,473],{"class":87},[69,100492,91],{"class":83},[69,100494,316],{"class":87},[69,100496,91],{"class":83},[69,100498,516],{"class":87},[69,100500,8945],{"class":83},[69,100502,100503],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,100504,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,100506,100507,100509,100511,100513,100515,100517,100519,100521],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,100508,839],{"class":75},[69,100510,80],{"class":79},[69,100512,56557],{"class":75},[69,100514,25],{"class":83},[69,100516,2679],{"class":121},[69,100518,113],{"class":83},[69,100520,4587],{"class":121},[69,100522,221],{"class":83},[69,100524,100525],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,100526,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,100528,100529,100531,100533,100535],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,100530,110],{"class":109},[69,100532,113],{"class":83},[69,100534,876],{"class":121},[69,100536,221],{"class":83},[69,100538,100539,100541,100543,100545,100547,100549],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,100540,110],{"class":109},[69,100542,113],{"class":83},[69,100544,3087],{"class":1126},[69,100546,113],{"class":83},[69,100548,876],{"class":121},[69,100550,342],{"class":83},[14,100552,643],{},[60,100554,100555],{"className":62,"code":98963,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,100556,100557,100563],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,100558,100559,100561],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,100560,1127],{"class":1126},[69,100562,8277],{"class":83},[69,100564,100565,100567,100569,100571,100573,100575],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,100566,852],{"class":79},[69,100568,3158],{"class":1932},[69,100570,3161],{"class":94},[69,100572,1127],{"class":336},[69,100574,488],{"class":94},[69,100576,3168],{"class":79},[14,100578,100579,100580,18613,100582,100584,100585,100587],{},"An empty set is shown as ",[17,100581,444],{},[17,100583,439],{},". In Python, ",[17,100586,439],{}," means an empty dictionary.",[44582,100589],{},[141,100591,11116],{"id":11115},[14,100593,100594],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets:",[60,100596,100598],{"className":62,"code":100597,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"fruits_a = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits_b = {\"banana\", \"orange\", \"grape\"}\n\nresult = fruits_a.difference(fruits_b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits_a)\nprint(fruits_b)\n",[17,100599,100600,100633,100666,100670,100690,100694,100704,100715],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,100601,100602,100605,100607,100609,100611,100613,100615,100617,100619,100621,100623,100625,100627,100629,100631],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,100603,100604],{"class":75},"fruits_a ",[69,100606,80],{"class":79},[69,100608,10128],{"class":83},[69,100610,333],{"class":94},[69,100612,952],{"class":336},[69,100614,333],{"class":94},[69,100616,91],{"class":83},[69,100618,964],{"class":94},[69,100620,967],{"class":336},[69,100622,333],{"class":94},[69,100624,91],{"class":83},[69,100626,964],{"class":94},[69,100628,32877],{"class":336},[69,100630,333],{"class":94},[69,100632,8945],{"class":83},[69,100634,100635,100638,100640,100642,100644,100646,100648,100650,100652,100654,100656,100658,100660,100662,100664],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,100636,100637],{"class":75},"fruits_b ",[69,100639,80],{"class":79},[69,100641,10128],{"class":83},[69,100643,333],{"class":94},[69,100645,967],{"class":336},[69,100647,333],{"class":94},[69,100649,91],{"class":83},[69,100651,964],{"class":94},[69,100653,32877],{"class":336},[69,100655,333],{"class":94},[69,100657,91],{"class":83},[69,100659,964],{"class":94},[69,100661,22184],{"class":336},[69,100663,333],{"class":94},[69,100665,8945],{"class":83},[69,100667,100668],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,100669,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,100671,100672,100674,100676,100679,100681,100683,100685,100688],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,100673,839],{"class":75},[69,100675,80],{"class":79},[69,100677,100678],{"class":75}," fruits_a",[69,100680,25],{"class":83},[69,100682,2679],{"class":121},[69,100684,113],{"class":83},[69,100686,100687],{"class":121},"fruits_b",[69,100689,221],{"class":83},[69,100691,100692],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,100693,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,100695,100696,100698,100700,100702],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,100697,110],{"class":109},[69,100699,113],{"class":83},[69,100701,876],{"class":121},[69,100703,221],{"class":83},[69,100705,100706,100708,100710,100713],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,100707,110],{"class":109},[69,100709,113],{"class":83},[69,100711,100712],{"class":121},"fruits_a",[69,100714,221],{"class":83},[69,100716,100717,100719,100721,100723],{"class":71,"line":1269},[69,100718,110],{"class":109},[69,100720,113],{"class":83},[69,100722,100687],{"class":121},[69,100724,221],{"class":83},[14,100726,29684],{},[60,100728,100730],{"className":62,"code":100729,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'grape'}\n",[17,100731,100732,100744,100772],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,100733,100734,100736,100738,100740,100742],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,100735,8914],{"class":83},[69,100737,488],{"class":94},[69,100739,952],{"class":336},[69,100741,488],{"class":94},[69,100743,8945],{"class":83},[69,100745,100746,100748,100750,100752,100754,100756,100758,100760,100762,100764,100766,100768,100770],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,100747,8914],{"class":83},[69,100749,488],{"class":94},[69,100751,967],{"class":336},[69,100753,488],{"class":94},[69,100755,91],{"class":83},[69,100757,3161],{"class":94},[69,100759,32877],{"class":336},[69,100761,488],{"class":94},[69,100763,91],{"class":83},[69,100765,3161],{"class":94},[69,100767,952],{"class":336},[69,100769,488],{"class":94},[69,100771,8945],{"class":83},[69,100773,100774,100776,100778,100780,100782,100784,100786,100788,100790,100792,100794,100796,100798],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,100775,8914],{"class":83},[69,100777,488],{"class":94},[69,100779,967],{"class":336},[69,100781,488],{"class":94},[69,100783,91],{"class":83},[69,100785,3161],{"class":94},[69,100787,32877],{"class":336},[69,100789,488],{"class":94},[69,100791,91],{"class":83},[69,100793,3161],{"class":94},[69,100795,22184],{"class":336},[69,100797,488],{"class":94},[69,100799,8945],{"class":83},[14,100801,11325],{},[30,100803,100804,100809,100814,100820],{},[33,100805,100806,100807],{},"Start with ",[17,100808,100712],{},[33,100810,100811,100812],{},"Remove any values also found in ",[17,100813,100687],{},[33,100815,100816,100817,100819],{},"Only ",[17,100818,57503],{}," remains",[33,100821,100822],{},"The original sets stay unchanged",[14,100824,100825],{},"Notice that the printed order may look different. Sets do not keep items in a fixed order.",[44582,100827],{},[141,100829,8050,100831,100833],{"id":100830},"using-difference-with-multiple-sets",[17,100832,100089],{}," with multiple sets",[14,100835,100836,100837,25],{},"You can pass two or more sets into ",[17,100838,100089],{},[14,100840,100841],{},"Python removes any value from the first set if that value appears in any of the other sets.",[60,100843,100845],{"className":62,"code":100844,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\ngroup_a = {2, 4}\ngroup_b = {5}\ngroup_c = {6, 7}\n\nresult = numbers.difference(group_a, group_b, group_c)\nprint(result)\n",[17,100846,100847,100879,100896,100909,100926,100930,100959],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,100848,100849,100851,100853,100855,100857,100859,100861,100863,100865,100867,100869,100871,100873,100875,100877],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,100850,801],{"class":75},[69,100852,80],{"class":79},[69,100854,10128],{"class":83},[69,100856,473],{"class":87},[69,100858,91],{"class":83},[69,100860,316],{"class":87},[69,100862,91],{"class":83},[69,100864,516],{"class":87},[69,100866,91],{"class":83},[69,100868,2323],{"class":87},[69,100870,91],{"class":83},[69,100872,100],{"class":87},[69,100874,91],{"class":83},[69,100876,37305],{"class":87},[69,100878,8945],{"class":83},[69,100880,100881,100884,100886,100888,100890,100892,100894],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,100882,100883],{"class":75},"group_a ",[69,100885,80],{"class":79},[69,100887,10128],{"class":83},[69,100889,821],{"class":87},[69,100891,91],{"class":83},[69,100893,2323],{"class":87},[69,100895,8945],{"class":83},[69,100897,100898,100901,100903,100905,100907],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,100899,100900],{"class":75},"group_b ",[69,100902,80],{"class":79},[69,100904,10128],{"class":83},[69,100906,670],{"class":87},[69,100908,8945],{"class":83},[69,100910,100911,100914,100916,100918,100920,100922,100924],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,100912,100913],{"class":75},"group_c ",[69,100915,80],{"class":79},[69,100917,10128],{"class":83},[69,100919,80266],{"class":87},[69,100921,91],{"class":83},[69,100923,813],{"class":87},[69,100925,8945],{"class":83},[69,100927,100928],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,100929,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,100931,100932,100934,100936,100938,100940,100942,100944,100947,100949,100952,100954,100957],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,100933,839],{"class":75},[69,100935,80],{"class":79},[69,100937,865],{"class":75},[69,100939,25],{"class":83},[69,100941,2679],{"class":121},[69,100943,113],{"class":83},[69,100945,100946],{"class":121},"group_a",[69,100948,91],{"class":83},[69,100950,100951],{"class":121}," group_b",[69,100953,91],{"class":83},[69,100955,100956],{"class":121}," group_c",[69,100958,221],{"class":83},[69,100960,100961,100963,100965,100967],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,100962,110],{"class":109},[69,100964,113],{"class":83},[69,100966,876],{"class":121},[69,100968,221],{"class":83},[14,100970,643],{},[60,100972,100974],{"className":62,"code":100973,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{1, 3}\n",[17,100975,100976],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,100977,100978,100980,100982,100984,100986],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,100979,8914],{"class":83},[69,100981,473],{"class":87},[69,100983,91],{"class":83},[69,100985,516],{"class":87},[69,100987,8945],{"class":83},[14,100989,100990],{},"This is helpful when you want to compare one main set against several groups at once.",[44582,100992],{},[141,100994,100996,10223,100998],{"id":100995},"difference-vs-difference_update",[17,100997,100089],{},[17,100999,101000],{},"difference_update()",[14,101002,101003],{},"These two methods are similar, but they work differently.",[1369,101005,101006],{"id":2679},[17,101007,100089],{},[30,101009,101010,101013],{},[33,101011,101012],{},"Returns a new set",[33,101014,101015],{},"Does not change the original set",[60,101017,101019],{"className":62,"code":101018,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(a)\n",[17,101020,101021,101045,101061,101065,101083,101087,101097],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,101022,101023,101025,101027,101029,101031,101033,101035,101037,101039,101041,101043],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,101024,2421],{"class":75},[69,101026,80],{"class":79},[69,101028,10128],{"class":83},[69,101030,473],{"class":87},[69,101032,91],{"class":83},[69,101034,316],{"class":87},[69,101036,91],{"class":83},[69,101038,516],{"class":87},[69,101040,91],{"class":83},[69,101042,2323],{"class":87},[69,101044,8945],{"class":83},[69,101046,101047,101049,101051,101053,101055,101057,101059],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,101048,2449],{"class":75},[69,101050,80],{"class":79},[69,101052,10128],{"class":83},[69,101054,1929],{"class":87},[69,101056,91],{"class":83},[69,101058,2323],{"class":87},[69,101060,8945],{"class":83},[69,101062,101063],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,101064,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,101066,101067,101069,101071,101073,101075,101077,101079,101081],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,101068,839],{"class":75},[69,101070,80],{"class":79},[69,101072,56557],{"class":75},[69,101074,25],{"class":83},[69,101076,2679],{"class":121},[69,101078,113],{"class":83},[69,101080,4587],{"class":121},[69,101082,221],{"class":83},[69,101084,101085],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,101086,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,101088,101089,101091,101093,101095],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,101090,110],{"class":109},[69,101092,113],{"class":83},[69,101094,876],{"class":121},[69,101096,221],{"class":83},[69,101098,101099,101101,101103,101105],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,101100,110],{"class":109},[69,101102,113],{"class":83},[69,101104,192],{"class":121},[69,101106,221],{"class":83},[14,101108,643],{},[60,101110,101112],{"className":62,"code":101111,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[17,101113,101114,101126],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,101115,101116,101118,101120,101122,101124],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,101117,8914],{"class":83},[69,101119,473],{"class":87},[69,101121,91],{"class":83},[69,101123,316],{"class":87},[69,101125,8945],{"class":83},[69,101127,101128,101130,101132,101134,101136,101138,101140,101142,101144],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,101129,8914],{"class":83},[69,101131,473],{"class":87},[69,101133,91],{"class":83},[69,101135,316],{"class":87},[69,101137,91],{"class":83},[69,101139,516],{"class":87},[69,101141,91],{"class":83},[69,101143,2323],{"class":87},[69,101145,8945],{"class":83},[1369,101147,101149],{"id":101148},"difference_update",[17,101150,101000],{},[30,101152,101153,101156],{},[33,101154,101155],{},"Changes the original set",[33,101157,95993],{},[60,101159,101161],{"className":62,"code":101160,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\na.difference_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[17,101162,101163,101187,101203,101207,101221,101225],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,101164,101165,101167,101169,101171,101173,101175,101177,101179,101181,101183,101185],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,101166,2421],{"class":75},[69,101168,80],{"class":79},[69,101170,10128],{"class":83},[69,101172,473],{"class":87},[69,101174,91],{"class":83},[69,101176,316],{"class":87},[69,101178,91],{"class":83},[69,101180,516],{"class":87},[69,101182,91],{"class":83},[69,101184,2323],{"class":87},[69,101186,8945],{"class":83},[69,101188,101189,101191,101193,101195,101197,101199,101201],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,101190,2449],{"class":75},[69,101192,80],{"class":79},[69,101194,10128],{"class":83},[69,101196,1929],{"class":87},[69,101198,91],{"class":83},[69,101200,2323],{"class":87},[69,101202,8945],{"class":83},[69,101204,101205],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,101206,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,101208,101209,101211,101213,101215,101217,101219],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,101210,192],{"class":75},[69,101212,25],{"class":83},[69,101214,101148],{"class":121},[69,101216,113],{"class":83},[69,101218,4587],{"class":121},[69,101220,221],{"class":83},[69,101222,101223],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,101224,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,101226,101227,101229,101231,101233],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,101228,110],{"class":109},[69,101230,113],{"class":83},[69,101232,192],{"class":121},[69,101234,221],{"class":83},[14,101236,643],{},[60,101238,101239],{"className":62,"code":100182,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,101240,101241],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,101242,101243,101245,101247,101249,101251],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,101244,8914],{"class":83},[69,101246,473],{"class":87},[69,101248,91],{"class":83},[69,101250,316],{"class":87},[69,101252,8945],{"class":83},[14,101254,132,101255,101257],{},[17,101256,100089],{}," when you want to keep the original data.",[14,101259,101260,101261,33257],{},"For more on the in-place version, see Python set ",[17,101262,101000],{},[44582,101264],{},[141,101266,101268,101270,101271,101273],{"id":101267},"difference-vs-the-operator",[17,101269,100089],{}," vs the ",[17,101272,1889],{}," operator",[14,101275,1845,101276,101278,101279,101281],{},[17,101277,1889],{}," operator does the same kind of comparison as ",[17,101280,100089],{}," for two sets.",[60,101283,101285],{"className":62,"code":101284,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(a - b)\n",[17,101286,101287,101311,101327,101331,101349],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,101288,101289,101291,101293,101295,101297,101299,101301,101303,101305,101307,101309],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,101290,2421],{"class":75},[69,101292,80],{"class":79},[69,101294,10128],{"class":83},[69,101296,473],{"class":87},[69,101298,91],{"class":83},[69,101300,316],{"class":87},[69,101302,91],{"class":83},[69,101304,516],{"class":87},[69,101306,91],{"class":83},[69,101308,2323],{"class":87},[69,101310,8945],{"class":83},[69,101312,101313,101315,101317,101319,101321,101323,101325],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,101314,2449],{"class":75},[69,101316,80],{"class":79},[69,101318,10128],{"class":83},[69,101320,1929],{"class":87},[69,101322,91],{"class":83},[69,101324,2323],{"class":87},[69,101326,8945],{"class":83},[69,101328,101329],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,101330,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,101332,101333,101335,101337,101339,101341,101343,101345,101347],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,101334,110],{"class":109},[69,101336,113],{"class":83},[69,101338,192],{"class":121},[69,101340,25],{"class":83},[69,101342,2679],{"class":121},[69,101344,113],{"class":83},[69,101346,4587],{"class":121},[69,101348,342],{"class":83},[69,101350,101351,101353,101355,101357,101359,101361],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,101352,110],{"class":109},[69,101354,113],{"class":83},[69,101356,2421],{"class":121},[69,101358,1889],{"class":79},[69,101360,2426],{"class":121},[69,101362,221],{"class":83},[14,101364,643],{},[60,101366,101368],{"className":62,"code":101367,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2}\n",[17,101369,101370,101382],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,101371,101372,101374,101376,101378,101380],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,101373,8914],{"class":83},[69,101375,473],{"class":87},[69,101377,91],{"class":83},[69,101379,316],{"class":87},[69,101381,8945],{"class":83},[69,101383,101384,101386,101388,101390,101392],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,101385,8914],{"class":83},[69,101387,473],{"class":87},[69,101389,91],{"class":83},[69,101391,316],{"class":87},[69,101393,8945],{"class":83},[14,101395,101396],{},"Both lines give the same result.",[14,101398,94263,101399,2359],{},[17,101400,100089],{},[30,101402,101403,101406,101409],{},[33,101404,101405],{},"It is often clearer for beginners",[33,101407,101408],{},"The method name explains what the code is doing",[33,101410,101411],{},"It easily supports multiple sets",[14,101413,101414],{},"Example with multiple sets:",[60,101416,101418],{"className":62,"code":101417,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2}\nc = {4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b, c))\n",[17,101419,101420,101448,101460,101472,101476],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,101421,101422,101424,101426,101428,101430,101432,101434,101436,101438,101440,101442,101444,101446],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,101423,2421],{"class":75},[69,101425,80],{"class":79},[69,101427,10128],{"class":83},[69,101429,473],{"class":87},[69,101431,91],{"class":83},[69,101433,316],{"class":87},[69,101435,91],{"class":83},[69,101437,516],{"class":87},[69,101439,91],{"class":83},[69,101441,2323],{"class":87},[69,101443,91],{"class":83},[69,101445,100],{"class":87},[69,101447,8945],{"class":83},[69,101449,101450,101452,101454,101456,101458],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,101451,2449],{"class":75},[69,101453,80],{"class":79},[69,101455,10128],{"class":83},[69,101457,821],{"class":87},[69,101459,8945],{"class":83},[69,101461,101462,101464,101466,101468,101470],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,101463,82858],{"class":75},[69,101465,80],{"class":79},[69,101467,10128],{"class":83},[69,101469,808],{"class":87},[69,101471,8945],{"class":83},[69,101473,101474],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,101475,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,101477,101478,101480,101482,101484,101486,101488,101490,101492,101494,101496],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,101479,110],{"class":109},[69,101481,113],{"class":83},[69,101483,192],{"class":121},[69,101485,25],{"class":83},[69,101487,2679],{"class":121},[69,101489,113],{"class":83},[69,101491,4587],{"class":121},[69,101493,91],{"class":83},[69,101495,9318],{"class":121},[69,101497,342],{"class":83},[14,101499,643],{},[60,101501,101503],{"className":62,"code":101502,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{1, 3, 5}\n",[17,101504,101505],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,101506,101507,101509,101511,101513,101515,101517,101519],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,101508,8914],{"class":83},[69,101510,473],{"class":87},[69,101512,91],{"class":83},[69,101514,516],{"class":87},[69,101516,91],{"class":83},[69,101518,100],{"class":87},[69,101520,8945],{"class":83},[14,101522,101523,101524,101526],{},"You cannot write that in the same simple way with a single ",[17,101525,1889],{}," operator expression.",[44582,101528],{},[141,101530,1362],{"id":1361},[14,101532,20862,101533,25],{},[17,101534,100089],{},[1369,101536,101538],{"id":101537},"expecting-the-original-set-to-change","Expecting the original set to change",[14,101540,4454,101541,101543,101544,1044],{},[22,101542,4457],{}," change ",[17,101545,192],{},[60,101547,101549],{"className":62,"code":101548,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[17,101550,101551,101571,101583,101587,101601],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,101552,101553,101555,101557,101559,101561,101563,101565,101567,101569],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,101554,2421],{"class":75},[69,101556,80],{"class":79},[69,101558,10128],{"class":83},[69,101560,473],{"class":87},[69,101562,91],{"class":83},[69,101564,316],{"class":87},[69,101566,91],{"class":83},[69,101568,516],{"class":87},[69,101570,8945],{"class":83},[69,101572,101573,101575,101577,101579,101581],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,101574,2449],{"class":75},[69,101576,80],{"class":79},[69,101578,10128],{"class":83},[69,101580,1929],{"class":87},[69,101582,8945],{"class":83},[69,101584,101585],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,101586,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,101588,101589,101591,101593,101595,101597,101599],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,101590,192],{"class":75},[69,101592,25],{"class":83},[69,101594,2679],{"class":121},[69,101596,113],{"class":83},[69,101598,4587],{"class":121},[69,101600,221],{"class":83},[69,101602,101603,101605,101607,101609],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,101604,110],{"class":109},[69,101606,113],{"class":83},[69,101608,192],{"class":121},[69,101610,221],{"class":83},[14,101612,643],{},[60,101614,101615],{"className":62,"code":96282,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,101616,101617],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,101618,101619,101621,101623,101625,101627,101629,101631],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,101620,8914],{"class":83},[69,101622,473],{"class":87},[69,101624,91],{"class":83},[69,101626,316],{"class":87},[69,101628,91],{"class":83},[69,101630,516],{"class":87},[69,101632,8945],{"class":83},[14,101634,101635],{},"If you want to keep the result, save it:",[60,101637,101639],{"className":62,"code":101638,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na = a.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[17,101640,101641,101661,101673,101677,101695],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,101642,101643,101645,101647,101649,101651,101653,101655,101657,101659],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,101644,2421],{"class":75},[69,101646,80],{"class":79},[69,101648,10128],{"class":83},[69,101650,473],{"class":87},[69,101652,91],{"class":83},[69,101654,316],{"class":87},[69,101656,91],{"class":83},[69,101658,516],{"class":87},[69,101660,8945],{"class":83},[69,101662,101663,101665,101667,101669,101671],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,101664,2449],{"class":75},[69,101666,80],{"class":79},[69,101668,10128],{"class":83},[69,101670,1929],{"class":87},[69,101672,8945],{"class":83},[69,101674,101675],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,101676,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,101678,101679,101681,101683,101685,101687,101689,101691,101693],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,101680,2421],{"class":75},[69,101682,80],{"class":79},[69,101684,56557],{"class":75},[69,101686,25],{"class":83},[69,101688,2679],{"class":121},[69,101690,113],{"class":83},[69,101692,4587],{"class":121},[69,101694,221],{"class":83},[69,101696,101697,101699,101701,101703],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,101698,110],{"class":109},[69,101700,113],{"class":83},[69,101702,192],{"class":121},[69,101704,221],{"class":83},[14,101706,643],{},[60,101708,101709],{"className":62,"code":100182,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,101710,101711],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,101712,101713,101715,101717,101719,101721],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,101714,8914],{"class":83},[69,101716,473],{"class":87},[69,101718,91],{"class":83},[69,101720,316],{"class":87},[69,101722,8945],{"class":83},[1369,101724,101726],{"id":101725},"expecting-items-from-the-second-set-instead-of-the-first-set","Expecting items from the second set instead of the first set",[14,101728,101729,101732],{},[17,101730,101731],{},"a.difference(b)"," means:",[30,101734,101735,101740],{},[33,101736,101737,101738],{},"keep items from ",[17,101739,192],{},[33,101741,101742,101743],{},"remove anything also in ",[17,101744,4587],{},[14,101746,40569,101747,101749,101750,101752],{},[22,101748,4457],{}," mean “show me what is unique in ",[17,101751,4587],{},"”.",[14,101754,2076],{},[60,101756,101758],{"className":62,"code":101757,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(b.difference(a))\n",[17,101759,101760,101780,101800,101804,101822],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,101761,101762,101764,101766,101768,101770,101772,101774,101776,101778],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,101763,2421],{"class":75},[69,101765,80],{"class":79},[69,101767,10128],{"class":83},[69,101769,473],{"class":87},[69,101771,91],{"class":83},[69,101773,316],{"class":87},[69,101775,91],{"class":83},[69,101777,516],{"class":87},[69,101779,8945],{"class":83},[69,101781,101782,101784,101786,101788,101790,101792,101794,101796,101798],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,101783,2449],{"class":75},[69,101785,80],{"class":79},[69,101787,10128],{"class":83},[69,101789,1929],{"class":87},[69,101791,91],{"class":83},[69,101793,2323],{"class":87},[69,101795,91],{"class":83},[69,101797,100],{"class":87},[69,101799,8945],{"class":83},[69,101801,101802],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,101803,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,101805,101806,101808,101810,101812,101814,101816,101818,101820],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,101807,110],{"class":109},[69,101809,113],{"class":83},[69,101811,192],{"class":121},[69,101813,25],{"class":83},[69,101815,2679],{"class":121},[69,101817,113],{"class":83},[69,101819,4587],{"class":121},[69,101821,342],{"class":83},[69,101823,101824,101826,101828,101830,101832,101834,101836,101838],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,101825,110],{"class":109},[69,101827,113],{"class":83},[69,101829,4587],{"class":121},[69,101831,25],{"class":83},[69,101833,2679],{"class":121},[69,101835,113],{"class":83},[69,101837,192],{"class":121},[69,101839,342],{"class":83},[14,101841,643],{},[60,101843,101845],{"className":62,"code":101844,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{1, 2}\n{4, 5}\n",[17,101846,101847,101859],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,101848,101849,101851,101853,101855,101857],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,101850,8914],{"class":83},[69,101852,473],{"class":87},[69,101854,91],{"class":83},[69,101856,316],{"class":87},[69,101858,8945],{"class":83},[69,101860,101861,101863,101865,101867,101869],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,101862,8914],{"class":83},[69,101864,808],{"class":87},[69,101866,91],{"class":83},[69,101868,100],{"class":87},[69,101870,8945],{"class":83},[14,101872,101873],{},"The order of the sets matters.",[1369,101875,101877],{"id":101876},"comparing-lists-instead-of-sets","Comparing lists instead of sets",[14,101879,101880,101882],{},[17,101881,100089],{}," is a set method, not a list method.",[14,101884,54988],{},[60,101886,101888],{"className":62,"code":101887,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\n# a.difference(b)\n",[17,101889,101890,101910,101926,101930],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,101891,101892,101894,101896,101898,101900,101902,101904,101906,101908],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,101893,2421],{"class":75},[69,101895,80],{"class":79},[69,101897,84],{"class":83},[69,101899,473],{"class":87},[69,101901,91],{"class":83},[69,101903,316],{"class":87},[69,101905,91],{"class":83},[69,101907,516],{"class":87},[69,101909,103],{"class":83},[69,101911,101912,101914,101916,101918,101920,101922,101924],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,101913,2449],{"class":75},[69,101915,80],{"class":79},[69,101917,84],{"class":83},[69,101919,1929],{"class":87},[69,101921,91],{"class":83},[69,101923,2323],{"class":87},[69,101925,103],{"class":83},[69,101927,101928],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,101929,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,101931,101932],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,101933,101934],{"class":128},"# a.difference(b)\n",[14,101936,101937],{},"Convert lists to sets first:",[60,101939,101941],{"className":62,"code":101940,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\nresult = set(a).difference(set(b))\nprint(result)\n",[17,101942,101943,101963,101979,101983,102009],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,101944,101945,101947,101949,101951,101953,101955,101957,101959,101961],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,101946,2421],{"class":75},[69,101948,80],{"class":79},[69,101950,84],{"class":83},[69,101952,473],{"class":87},[69,101954,91],{"class":83},[69,101956,316],{"class":87},[69,101958,91],{"class":83},[69,101960,516],{"class":87},[69,101962,103],{"class":83},[69,101964,101965,101967,101969,101971,101973,101975,101977],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,101966,2449],{"class":75},[69,101968,80],{"class":79},[69,101970,84],{"class":83},[69,101972,1929],{"class":87},[69,101974,91],{"class":83},[69,101976,2323],{"class":87},[69,101978,103],{"class":83},[69,101980,101981],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,101982,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,101984,101985,101987,101989,101991,101993,101995,101997,101999,102001,102003,102005,102007],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,101986,839],{"class":75},[69,101988,80],{"class":79},[69,101990,15280],{"class":1126},[69,101992,113],{"class":83},[69,101994,192],{"class":121},[69,101996,8265],{"class":83},[69,101998,2679],{"class":121},[69,102000,113],{"class":83},[69,102002,1127],{"class":1126},[69,102004,113],{"class":83},[69,102006,4587],{"class":121},[69,102008,342],{"class":83},[69,102010,102011,102013,102015,102017],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,102012,110],{"class":109},[69,102014,113],{"class":83},[69,102016,876],{"class":121},[69,102018,221],{"class":83},[14,102020,643],{},[60,102022,102023],{"className":62,"code":100182,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,102024,102025],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,102026,102027,102029,102031,102033,102035],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,102028,8914],{"class":83},[69,102030,473],{"class":87},[69,102032,91],{"class":83},[69,102034,316],{"class":87},[69,102036,8945],{"class":83},[1369,102038,102040],{"id":102039},"thinking-the-output-order-will-match-the-input-order","Thinking the output order will match the input order",[14,102042,102043],{},"Sets are unordered, so printed output may appear in a different order.",[60,102045,102047],{"className":62,"code":102046,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\"}\nb = {\"dog\"}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[17,102048,102049,102081,102097,102101],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,102050,102051,102053,102055,102057,102059,102061,102063,102065,102067,102069,102071,102073,102075,102077,102079],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,102052,2421],{"class":75},[69,102054,80],{"class":79},[69,102056,10128],{"class":83},[69,102058,333],{"class":94},[69,102060,36708],{"class":336},[69,102062,333],{"class":94},[69,102064,91],{"class":83},[69,102066,964],{"class":94},[69,102068,57797],{"class":336},[69,102070,333],{"class":94},[69,102072,91],{"class":83},[69,102074,964],{"class":94},[69,102076,57814],{"class":336},[69,102078,333],{"class":94},[69,102080,8945],{"class":83},[69,102082,102083,102085,102087,102089,102091,102093,102095],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,102084,2449],{"class":75},[69,102086,80],{"class":79},[69,102088,10128],{"class":83},[69,102090,333],{"class":94},[69,102092,57797],{"class":336},[69,102094,333],{"class":94},[69,102096,8945],{"class":83},[69,102098,102099],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,102100,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,102102,102103,102105,102107,102109,102111,102113,102115,102117],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,102104,110],{"class":109},[69,102106,113],{"class":83},[69,102108,192],{"class":121},[69,102110,25],{"class":83},[69,102112,2679],{"class":121},[69,102114,113],{"class":83},[69,102116,4587],{"class":121},[69,102118,342],{"class":83},[14,102120,102121],{},"You should focus on which values are present, not their position.",[1369,102123,102125],{"id":102124},"trying-to-use-duplicate-values-in-a-set-example","Trying to use duplicate values in a set example",[14,102127,102128],{},"Sets automatically remove duplicates.",[60,102130,102132],{"className":62,"code":102131,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[17,102133,102134,102162,102174,102178,102188],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,102135,102136,102138,102140,102142,102144,102146,102148,102150,102152,102154,102156,102158,102160],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,102137,2421],{"class":75},[69,102139,80],{"class":79},[69,102141,10128],{"class":83},[69,102143,473],{"class":87},[69,102145,91],{"class":83},[69,102147,272],{"class":87},[69,102149,91],{"class":83},[69,102151,316],{"class":87},[69,102153,91],{"class":83},[69,102155,316],{"class":87},[69,102157,91],{"class":83},[69,102159,516],{"class":87},[69,102161,8945],{"class":83},[69,102163,102164,102166,102168,102170,102172],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,102165,2449],{"class":75},[69,102167,80],{"class":79},[69,102169,10128],{"class":83},[69,102171,1929],{"class":87},[69,102173,8945],{"class":83},[69,102175,102176],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,102177,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,102179,102180,102182,102184,102186],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,102181,110],{"class":109},[69,102183,113],{"class":83},[69,102185,192],{"class":121},[69,102187,221],{"class":83},[69,102189,102190,102192,102194,102196,102198,102200,102202,102204],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,102191,110],{"class":109},[69,102193,113],{"class":83},[69,102195,192],{"class":121},[69,102197,25],{"class":83},[69,102199,2679],{"class":121},[69,102201,113],{"class":83},[69,102203,4587],{"class":121},[69,102205,342],{"class":83},[14,102207,643],{},[60,102209,102211],{"className":62,"code":102210,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{1, 2, 3}\n{1, 2}\n",[17,102212,102213,102229],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,102214,102215,102217,102219,102221,102223,102225,102227],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,102216,8914],{"class":83},[69,102218,473],{"class":87},[69,102220,91],{"class":83},[69,102222,316],{"class":87},[69,102224,91],{"class":83},[69,102226,516],{"class":87},[69,102228,8945],{"class":83},[69,102230,102231,102233,102235,102237,102239],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,102232,8914],{"class":83},[69,102234,473],{"class":87},[69,102236,91],{"class":83},[69,102238,316],{"class":87},[69,102240,8945],{"class":83},[14,102242,102243,102244,102246],{},"The duplicates are already gone before ",[17,102245,100089],{}," runs.",[1369,102248,102250],{"id":102249},"quick-debugging-checks","Quick debugging checks",[14,102252,102253],{},"If your result is not what you expect, print the values you are working with:",[60,102255,102257],{"className":62,"code":102256,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(type(a.difference(b)))\nprint(len(a.difference(b)))\n",[17,102258,102259,102283,102303,102307,102317,102327,102345,102367],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,102260,102261,102263,102265,102267,102269,102271,102273,102275,102277,102279,102281],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,102262,2421],{"class":75},[69,102264,80],{"class":79},[69,102266,10128],{"class":83},[69,102268,473],{"class":87},[69,102270,91],{"class":83},[69,102272,316],{"class":87},[69,102274,91],{"class":83},[69,102276,516],{"class":87},[69,102278,91],{"class":83},[69,102280,2323],{"class":87},[69,102282,8945],{"class":83},[69,102284,102285,102287,102289,102291,102293,102295,102297,102299,102301],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,102286,2449],{"class":75},[69,102288,80],{"class":79},[69,102290,10128],{"class":83},[69,102292,1929],{"class":87},[69,102294,91],{"class":83},[69,102296,2323],{"class":87},[69,102298,91],{"class":83},[69,102300,100],{"class":87},[69,102302,8945],{"class":83},[69,102304,102305],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,102306,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,102308,102309,102311,102313,102315],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,102310,110],{"class":109},[69,102312,113],{"class":83},[69,102314,192],{"class":121},[69,102316,221],{"class":83},[69,102318,102319,102321,102323,102325],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,102320,110],{"class":109},[69,102322,113],{"class":83},[69,102324,4587],{"class":121},[69,102326,221],{"class":83},[69,102328,102329,102331,102333,102335,102337,102339,102341,102343],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,102330,110],{"class":109},[69,102332,113],{"class":83},[69,102334,192],{"class":121},[69,102336,25],{"class":83},[69,102338,2679],{"class":121},[69,102340,113],{"class":83},[69,102342,4587],{"class":121},[69,102344,342],{"class":83},[69,102346,102347,102349,102351,102353,102355,102357,102359,102361,102363,102365],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,102348,110],{"class":109},[69,102350,113],{"class":83},[69,102352,3087],{"class":1126},[69,102354,113],{"class":83},[69,102356,192],{"class":121},[69,102358,25],{"class":83},[69,102360,2679],{"class":121},[69,102362,113],{"class":83},[69,102364,4587],{"class":121},[69,102366,297],{"class":83},[69,102368,102369,102371,102373,102375,102377,102379,102381,102383,102385,102387],{"class":71,"line":1269},[69,102370,110],{"class":109},[69,102372,113],{"class":83},[69,102374,10801],{"class":109},[69,102376,113],{"class":83},[69,102378,192],{"class":121},[69,102380,25],{"class":83},[69,102382,2679],{"class":121},[69,102384,113],{"class":83},[69,102386,4587],{"class":121},[69,102388,297],{"class":83},[14,102390,10810],{},[30,102392,102393,102396,102399,102402],{},[33,102394,102395],{},"what is in each set",[33,102397,102398],{},"what result Python creates",[33,102400,102401],{},"that the result is a set",[33,102403,102404],{},"how many items remain",[44582,102406],{},[141,102408,1651],{"id":1650},[1369,102410,12347,102412,102414],{"id":102411},"does-difference-change-the-original-set",[17,102413,100089],{}," change the original set?",[14,102416,102417],{},"No. It returns a new set and leaves the original set unchanged.",[1369,102419,5006,102421,587,102423,2359],{"id":102420},"what-is-the-difference-between-difference-and-difference_update",[17,102422,100089],{},[17,102424,101000],{},[14,102426,102427,102429,102430,102432],{},[17,102428,100089],{}," returns a new set. ",[17,102431,101000],{}," modifies the original set.",[1369,102434,27982,102436,102438],{"id":102435},"can-i-use-difference-with-more-than-two-sets",[17,102437,100089],{}," with more than two sets?",[14,102440,102441],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets, and Python removes items found in any of them.",[1369,102443,102445],{"id":102444},"why-is-my-output-in-a-different-order","Why is my output in a different order?",[14,102447,102448],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so item order is not guaranteed.",[44582,102450],{},[141,102452,1771],{"id":1770},[30,102454,102455,102459,102467],{},[33,102456,102457],{},[192,102458,96003],{"href":97174},[33,102460,102461],{},[192,102462,96489,102464,10379],{"href":102463},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method\u002F",[17,102465,102466],{},"intersection()",[33,102468,102469],{},[192,102470,96489,102472,10379],{"href":102471},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method\u002F",[17,102473,102474],{},"union()",[1802,102476,102477],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":102479},[102480,102481,102483,102484,102485,102486,102488,102493,102495,102503,102512],{"id":3472,"depth":106,"text":3473},{"id":100211,"depth":106,"text":102482},"What difference() does",{"id":2023,"depth":106,"text":2024},{"id":17066,"depth":106,"text":17067},{"id":11115,"depth":106,"text":11116},{"id":100830,"depth":106,"text":102487},"Using difference() with multiple sets",{"id":100995,"depth":106,"text":102489,"children":102490},"difference() vs difference_update()",[102491,102492],{"id":2679,"depth":300,"text":100089},{"id":101148,"depth":300,"text":101000},{"id":101267,"depth":106,"text":102494},"difference() vs the - operator",{"id":1361,"depth":106,"text":1362,"children":102496},[102497,102498,102499,102500,102501,102502],{"id":101537,"depth":300,"text":101538},{"id":101725,"depth":300,"text":101726},{"id":101876,"depth":300,"text":101877},{"id":102039,"depth":300,"text":102040},{"id":102124,"depth":300,"text":102125},{"id":102249,"depth":300,"text":102250},{"id":1650,"depth":106,"text":1651,"children":102504},[102505,102507,102509,102511],{"id":102411,"depth":300,"text":102506},"Does difference() change the original set?",{"id":102420,"depth":300,"text":102508},"What is the difference between difference() and difference_update()?",{"id":102435,"depth":300,"text":102510},"Can I use difference() with more than two sets?",{"id":102444,"depth":300,"text":102445},{"id":1770,"depth":106,"text":1771},"Master python set difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method",{"title":100081,"description":102513},"reference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method","bZVw-xPJFGLOKBsNwpxWWnc63jZlXAESku0dp0AiTQs",{"id":102520,"title":102521,"body":102522,"description":104217,"extension":1828,"meta":104218,"navigation":833,"path":104219,"seo":104220,"stem":104221,"__hash__":104222},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method.md","Python Set discard() Method",{"type":7,"value":102523,"toc":104179},[102524,102530,102536,102549,102551,102652,102654,102699,102704,102709,102713,102727,102730,102738,102740,102759,102777,102781,102834,102836,102857,102864,102869,102896,102903,103002,103004,103041,103049,103053,103059,103062,103135,103137,103145,103150,103219,103221,103246,103248,103251,103354,103356,103417,103420,103424,103430,103503,103505,103538,103541,103544,103584,103590,103613,103618,103622,103633,103636,103638,103642,103648,103650,103707,103717,103719,103772,103779,103784,103852,103860,103866,103870,103872,103911,103916,103965,103969,103972,103974,104013,104016,104018,104023,104080,104082,104096,104098,104102,104108,104113,104118,104125,104136,104142,104147,104149,104176],[10,102525,95875,102527,10962],{"id":102526},"python-set-discard-method",[17,102528,102529],{},"discard()",[14,102531,102532,102535],{},[17,102533,102534],{},"set.discard()"," removes one item from a set.",[14,102537,102538,102539,2057,102544,13699,102546,102548],{},"Use it when you want to remove a value safely, even if that value might not be in the set. Unlike ",[192,102540,102541],{"href":97884},[17,102542,102543],{},"set.remove()",[17,102545,102529],{},[22,102547,4457],{}," raise an error for a missing item.",[141,102550,1870],{"id":1869},[60,102552,102554],{"className":62,"code":102553,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n\ncolors.discard(\"yellow\")  # no error if missing\nprint(colors)\n",[17,102555,102556,102588,102607,102617,102621,102642],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,102557,102558,102560,102562,102564,102566,102568,102570,102572,102574,102576,102578,102580,102582,102584,102586],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,102559,12720],{"class":75},[69,102561,80],{"class":79},[69,102563,10128],{"class":83},[69,102565,333],{"class":94},[69,102567,12737],{"class":336},[69,102569,333],{"class":94},[69,102571,91],{"class":83},[69,102573,964],{"class":94},[69,102575,12754],{"class":336},[69,102577,333],{"class":94},[69,102579,91],{"class":83},[69,102581,964],{"class":94},[69,102583,17104],{"class":336},[69,102585,333],{"class":94},[69,102587,8945],{"class":83},[69,102589,102590,102592,102594,102597,102599,102601,102603,102605],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,102591,17151],{"class":75},[69,102593,25],{"class":83},[69,102595,102596],{"class":121},"discard",[69,102598,113],{"class":83},[69,102600,333],{"class":94},[69,102602,12754],{"class":336},[69,102604,333],{"class":94},[69,102606,221],{"class":83},[69,102608,102609,102611,102613,102615],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,102610,110],{"class":109},[69,102612,113],{"class":83},[69,102614,17151],{"class":121},[69,102616,221],{"class":83},[69,102618,102619],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,102620,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,102622,102623,102625,102627,102629,102631,102633,102635,102637,102639],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,102624,17151],{"class":75},[69,102626,25],{"class":83},[69,102628,102596],{"class":121},[69,102630,113],{"class":83},[69,102632,333],{"class":94},[69,102634,22175],{"class":336},[69,102636,333],{"class":94},[69,102638,3525],{"class":83},[69,102640,102641],{"class":128},"  # no error if missing\n",[69,102643,102644,102646,102648,102650],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,102645,110],{"class":109},[69,102647,113],{"class":83},[69,102649,17151],{"class":121},[69,102651,221],{"class":83},[14,102653,29684],{},[60,102655,102657],{"className":62,"code":102656,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'red', 'green'}\n{'red', 'green'}\n",[17,102658,102659,102679],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,102660,102661,102663,102665,102667,102669,102671,102673,102675,102677],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,102662,8914],{"class":83},[69,102664,488],{"class":94},[69,102666,12737],{"class":336},[69,102668,488],{"class":94},[69,102670,91],{"class":83},[69,102672,3161],{"class":94},[69,102674,17104],{"class":336},[69,102676,488],{"class":94},[69,102678,8945],{"class":83},[69,102680,102681,102683,102685,102687,102689,102691,102693,102695,102697],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,102682,8914],{"class":83},[69,102684,488],{"class":94},[69,102686,12737],{"class":336},[69,102688,488],{"class":94},[69,102690,91],{"class":83},[69,102692,3161],{"class":94},[69,102694,17104],{"class":336},[69,102696,488],{"class":94},[69,102698,8945],{"class":83},[14,102700,132,102701,102703],{},[17,102702,102529],{}," when you want to remove a value from a set safely, even if that value may not exist.",[141,102705,3540,102707,3543],{"id":102706},"what-setdiscard-does",[17,102708,102534],{},[14,102710,102711,1044],{},[17,102712,102529],{},[30,102714,102715,102718,102721,102723],{},[33,102716,102717],{},"Removes one item from a set",[33,102719,102720],{},"Does nothing if the item is not in the set",[33,102722,95990],{},[33,102724,11064,102725],{},[17,102726,449],{},[14,102728,102729],{},"This means the set itself is updated. Python does not create a new set.",[14,102731,95999,102732,54,102735,25],{},[192,102733,102734],{"href":98466},"what a set is in Python",[192,102736,102737],{"href":97558},"how to create a set",[141,102739,2024],{"id":2023},[60,102741,102743],{"className":62,"code":102742,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_set.discard(value)\n",[17,102744,102745],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,102746,102747,102749,102751,102753,102755,102757],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,102748,15313],{"class":75},[69,102750,25],{"class":83},[69,102752,102596],{"class":121},[69,102754,113],{"class":83},[69,102756,2339],{"class":121},[69,102758,221],{"class":83},[30,102760,102761,102766,102771,102774],{},[33,102762,102763,102765],{},[17,102764,15313],{}," is the set you want to change",[33,102767,102768,102770],{},[17,102769,2339],{}," is the item you want to remove",[33,102772,102773],{},"The set must already exist",[33,102775,102776],{},"The value must be a valid set element type",[1369,102778,102780],{"id":102779},"example","Example",[60,102782,102784],{"className":62,"code":102783,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nnumbers.discard(3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,102785,102786,102810,102824],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,102787,102788,102790,102792,102794,102796,102798,102800,102802,102804,102806,102808],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,102789,801],{"class":75},[69,102791,80],{"class":79},[69,102793,10128],{"class":83},[69,102795,473],{"class":87},[69,102797,91],{"class":83},[69,102799,316],{"class":87},[69,102801,91],{"class":83},[69,102803,516],{"class":87},[69,102805,91],{"class":83},[69,102807,2323],{"class":87},[69,102809,8945],{"class":83},[69,102811,102812,102814,102816,102818,102820,102822],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,102813,3512],{"class":75},[69,102815,25],{"class":83},[69,102817,102596],{"class":121},[69,102819,113],{"class":83},[69,102821,1929],{"class":87},[69,102823,221],{"class":83},[69,102825,102826,102828,102830,102832],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,102827,110],{"class":109},[69,102829,113],{"class":83},[69,102831,3512],{"class":121},[69,102833,221],{"class":83},[14,102835,643],{},[60,102837,102839],{"className":62,"code":102838,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{1, 2, 4}\n",[17,102840,102841],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,102842,102843,102845,102847,102849,102851,102853,102855],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,102844,8914],{"class":83},[69,102846,473],{"class":87},[69,102848,91],{"class":83},[69,102850,316],{"class":87},[69,102852,91],{"class":83},[69,102854,2323],{"class":87},[69,102856,8945],{"class":83},[141,102858,102860,102861,102863],{"id":102859},"what-makes-discard-different","What makes ",[17,102862,102529],{}," different",[14,102865,102866,102868],{},[17,102867,102529],{}," is similar to other set methods, but it behaves differently in an important way.",[30,102870,102871,102884,102893],{},[33,102872,102873,102874,2057,102878,102880,102881,102883],{},"Unlike ",[192,102875,102876],{"href":97884},[17,102877,55198],{},[17,102879,102529],{}," does not raise ",[17,102882,19337],{}," when the item is missing",[33,102885,102873,102886,2057,102890,102892],{},[192,102887,102888],{"href":97889},[17,102889,12406],{},[17,102891,102529],{}," removes a specific item",[33,102894,102895],{},"It is useful when you are not sure whether the item exists",[1369,102897,102899,10223,102901],{"id":102898},"discard-vs-remove",[17,102900,102529],{},[17,102902,55198],{},[60,102904,102906],{"className":62,"code":102905,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\"}\n\nitems.discard(\"orange\")   # no error\nprint(items)\n\nitems.remove(\"banana\")    # removes existing item\nprint(items)\n",[17,102907,102908,102932,102936,102957,102967,102971,102992],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,102909,102910,102912,102914,102916,102918,102920,102922,102924,102926,102928,102930],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,102911,7409],{"class":75},[69,102913,80],{"class":79},[69,102915,10128],{"class":83},[69,102917,333],{"class":94},[69,102919,952],{"class":336},[69,102921,333],{"class":94},[69,102923,91],{"class":83},[69,102925,964],{"class":94},[69,102927,967],{"class":336},[69,102929,333],{"class":94},[69,102931,8945],{"class":83},[69,102933,102934],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,102935,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,102937,102938,102940,102942,102944,102946,102948,102950,102952,102954],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,102939,7440],{"class":75},[69,102941,25],{"class":83},[69,102943,102596],{"class":121},[69,102945,113],{"class":83},[69,102947,333],{"class":94},[69,102949,32877],{"class":336},[69,102951,333],{"class":94},[69,102953,3525],{"class":83},[69,102955,102956],{"class":128},"   # no error\n",[69,102958,102959,102961,102963,102965],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,102960,110],{"class":109},[69,102962,113],{"class":83},[69,102964,7440],{"class":121},[69,102966,221],{"class":83},[69,102968,102969],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,102970,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,102972,102973,102975,102977,102979,102981,102983,102985,102987,102989],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,102974,7440],{"class":75},[69,102976,25],{"class":83},[69,102978,34452],{"class":121},[69,102980,113],{"class":83},[69,102982,333],{"class":94},[69,102984,967],{"class":336},[69,102986,333],{"class":94},[69,102988,3525],{"class":83},[69,102990,102991],{"class":128},"    # removes existing item\n",[69,102993,102994,102996,102998,103000],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,102995,110],{"class":109},[69,102997,113],{"class":83},[69,102999,7440],{"class":121},[69,103001,221],{"class":83},[14,103003,643],{},[60,103005,103007],{"className":62,"code":103006,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'apple', 'banana'}\n{'apple'}\n",[17,103008,103009,103029],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,103010,103011,103013,103015,103017,103019,103021,103023,103025,103027],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,103012,8914],{"class":83},[69,103014,488],{"class":94},[69,103016,952],{"class":336},[69,103018,488],{"class":94},[69,103020,91],{"class":83},[69,103022,3161],{"class":94},[69,103024,967],{"class":336},[69,103026,488],{"class":94},[69,103028,8945],{"class":83},[69,103030,103031,103033,103035,103037,103039],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,103032,8914],{"class":83},[69,103034,488],{"class":94},[69,103036,952],{"class":336},[69,103038,488],{"class":94},[69,103040,8945],{"class":83},[14,103042,40006,103043,103045,103046,103048],{},[17,103044,55198],{}," with a missing value, Python raises an error. See ",[192,103047,10714],{"href":10713}," for more help with that case.",[141,103050,103052],{"id":103051},"what-the-method-returns","What the method returns",[14,103054,103055,678,103057,25],{},[17,103056,102529],{},[17,103058,449],{},[14,103060,103061],{},"That means you should not write code like this:",[60,103063,103065],{"className":62,"code":103064,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nresult = colors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,103066,103067,103099,103121,103125],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,103068,103069,103071,103073,103075,103077,103079,103081,103083,103085,103087,103089,103091,103093,103095,103097],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,103070,12720],{"class":75},[69,103072,80],{"class":79},[69,103074,10128],{"class":83},[69,103076,333],{"class":94},[69,103078,12737],{"class":336},[69,103080,333],{"class":94},[69,103082,91],{"class":83},[69,103084,964],{"class":94},[69,103086,12754],{"class":336},[69,103088,333],{"class":94},[69,103090,91],{"class":83},[69,103092,964],{"class":94},[69,103094,17104],{"class":336},[69,103096,333],{"class":94},[69,103098,8945],{"class":83},[69,103100,103101,103103,103105,103107,103109,103111,103113,103115,103117,103119],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,103102,839],{"class":75},[69,103104,80],{"class":79},[69,103106,12768],{"class":75},[69,103108,25],{"class":83},[69,103110,102596],{"class":121},[69,103112,113],{"class":83},[69,103114,333],{"class":94},[69,103116,12754],{"class":336},[69,103118,333],{"class":94},[69,103120,221],{"class":83},[69,103122,103123],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,103124,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,103126,103127,103129,103131,103133],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,103128,110],{"class":109},[69,103130,113],{"class":83},[69,103132,876],{"class":121},[69,103134,221],{"class":83},[14,103136,643],{},[60,103138,103139],{"className":62,"code":11450,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,103140,103141],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,103142,103143],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,103144,11450],{"class":289},[14,103146,103147,103148,1044],{},"The changed set is still stored in ",[17,103149,17151],{},[60,103151,103153],{"className":62,"code":103152,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[17,103154,103155,103187,103205,103209],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,103156,103157,103159,103161,103163,103165,103167,103169,103171,103173,103175,103177,103179,103181,103183,103185],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,103158,12720],{"class":75},[69,103160,80],{"class":79},[69,103162,10128],{"class":83},[69,103164,333],{"class":94},[69,103166,12737],{"class":336},[69,103168,333],{"class":94},[69,103170,91],{"class":83},[69,103172,964],{"class":94},[69,103174,12754],{"class":336},[69,103176,333],{"class":94},[69,103178,91],{"class":83},[69,103180,964],{"class":94},[69,103182,17104],{"class":336},[69,103184,333],{"class":94},[69,103186,8945],{"class":83},[69,103188,103189,103191,103193,103195,103197,103199,103201,103203],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,103190,17151],{"class":75},[69,103192,25],{"class":83},[69,103194,102596],{"class":121},[69,103196,113],{"class":83},[69,103198,333],{"class":94},[69,103200,12754],{"class":336},[69,103202,333],{"class":94},[69,103204,221],{"class":83},[69,103206,103207],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,103208,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,103210,103211,103213,103215,103217],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,103212,110],{"class":109},[69,103214,113],{"class":83},[69,103216,17151],{"class":121},[69,103218,221],{"class":83},[14,103220,643],{},[60,103222,103224],{"className":62,"code":103223,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'red', 'green'}\n",[17,103225,103226],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,103227,103228,103230,103232,103234,103236,103238,103240,103242,103244],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,103229,8914],{"class":83},[69,103231,488],{"class":94},[69,103233,12737],{"class":336},[69,103235,488],{"class":94},[69,103237,91],{"class":83},[69,103239,3161],{"class":94},[69,103241,17104],{"class":336},[69,103243,488],{"class":94},[69,103245,8945],{"class":83},[141,103247,11116],{"id":11115},[14,103249,103250],{},"Here is a basic example that removes an existing item.",[60,103252,103254],{"className":62,"code":103253,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", fruits)\n\nfruits.discard(\"banana\")\n\nprint(\"After:\", fruits)\n",[17,103255,103256,103288,103292,103310,103314,103332,103336],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,103257,103258,103260,103262,103264,103266,103268,103270,103272,103274,103276,103278,103280,103282,103284,103286],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,103259,35899],{"class":75},[69,103261,80],{"class":79},[69,103263,10128],{"class":83},[69,103265,333],{"class":94},[69,103267,952],{"class":336},[69,103269,333],{"class":94},[69,103271,91],{"class":83},[69,103273,964],{"class":94},[69,103275,967],{"class":336},[69,103277,333],{"class":94},[69,103279,91],{"class":83},[69,103281,964],{"class":94},[69,103283,32877],{"class":336},[69,103285,333],{"class":94},[69,103287,8945],{"class":83},[69,103289,103290],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,103291,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,103293,103294,103296,103298,103300,103302,103304,103306,103308],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,103295,110],{"class":109},[69,103297,113],{"class":83},[69,103299,333],{"class":94},[69,103301,11205],{"class":336},[69,103303,333],{"class":94},[69,103305,91],{"class":83},[69,103307,52520],{"class":121},[69,103309,221],{"class":83},[69,103311,103312],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,103313,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,103315,103316,103318,103320,103322,103324,103326,103328,103330],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,103317,35951],{"class":75},[69,103319,25],{"class":83},[69,103321,102596],{"class":121},[69,103323,113],{"class":83},[69,103325,333],{"class":94},[69,103327,967],{"class":336},[69,103329,333],{"class":94},[69,103331,221],{"class":83},[69,103333,103334],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,103335,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,103337,103338,103340,103342,103344,103346,103348,103350,103352],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,103339,110],{"class":109},[69,103341,113],{"class":83},[69,103343,333],{"class":94},[69,103345,11245],{"class":336},[69,103347,333],{"class":94},[69,103349,91],{"class":83},[69,103351,52520],{"class":121},[69,103353,221],{"class":83},[14,103355,643],{},[60,103357,103359],{"className":62,"code":103358,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Before: {'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\nAfter: {'apple', 'orange'}\n",[17,103360,103361,103393],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,103362,103363,103365,103367,103369,103371,103373,103375,103377,103379,103381,103383,103385,103387,103389,103391],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,103364,11265],{"class":75},[69,103366,1044],{"class":83},[69,103368,10128],{"class":83},[69,103370,488],{"class":94},[69,103372,967],{"class":336},[69,103374,488],{"class":94},[69,103376,91],{"class":83},[69,103378,3161],{"class":94},[69,103380,952],{"class":336},[69,103382,488],{"class":94},[69,103384,91],{"class":83},[69,103386,3161],{"class":94},[69,103388,32877],{"class":336},[69,103390,488],{"class":94},[69,103392,8945],{"class":83},[69,103394,103395,103397,103399,103401,103403,103405,103407,103409,103411,103413,103415],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,103396,11318],{"class":75},[69,103398,1044],{"class":83},[69,103400,10128],{"class":83},[69,103402,488],{"class":94},[69,103404,952],{"class":336},[69,103406,488],{"class":94},[69,103408,91],{"class":83},[69,103410,3161],{"class":94},[69,103412,32877],{"class":336},[69,103414,488],{"class":94},[69,103416,8945],{"class":83},[14,103418,103419],{},"The order of items in a set may look different on your computer because sets are unordered.",[141,103421,103423],{"id":103422},"example-with-a-missing-item","Example with a missing item",[14,103425,103426,103427,103429],{},"One of the most useful features of ",[17,103428,102529],{}," is that it does not fail if the item is missing.",[60,103431,103433],{"className":62,"code":103432,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.discard(\"grape\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[17,103434,103435,103467,103471,103489,103493],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,103436,103437,103439,103441,103443,103445,103447,103449,103451,103453,103455,103457,103459,103461,103463,103465],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,103438,35899],{"class":75},[69,103440,80],{"class":79},[69,103442,10128],{"class":83},[69,103444,333],{"class":94},[69,103446,952],{"class":336},[69,103448,333],{"class":94},[69,103450,91],{"class":83},[69,103452,964],{"class":94},[69,103454,967],{"class":336},[69,103456,333],{"class":94},[69,103458,91],{"class":83},[69,103460,964],{"class":94},[69,103462,32877],{"class":336},[69,103464,333],{"class":94},[69,103466,8945],{"class":83},[69,103468,103469],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,103470,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,103472,103473,103475,103477,103479,103481,103483,103485,103487],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,103474,35951],{"class":75},[69,103476,25],{"class":83},[69,103478,102596],{"class":121},[69,103480,113],{"class":83},[69,103482,333],{"class":94},[69,103484,22184],{"class":336},[69,103486,333],{"class":94},[69,103488,221],{"class":83},[69,103490,103491],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,103492,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,103494,103495,103497,103499,103501],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,103496,110],{"class":109},[69,103498,113],{"class":83},[69,103500,35951],{"class":121},[69,103502,221],{"class":83},[14,103504,643],{},[60,103506,103508],{"className":62,"code":103507,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\n",[17,103509,103510],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,103511,103512,103514,103516,103518,103520,103522,103524,103526,103528,103530,103532,103534,103536],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,103513,8914],{"class":83},[69,103515,488],{"class":94},[69,103517,967],{"class":336},[69,103519,488],{"class":94},[69,103521,91],{"class":83},[69,103523,3161],{"class":94},[69,103525,952],{"class":336},[69,103527,488],{"class":94},[69,103529,91],{"class":83},[69,103531,3161],{"class":94},[69,103533,32877],{"class":336},[69,103535,488],{"class":94},[69,103537,8945],{"class":83},[14,103539,103540],{},"No error happens here.",[14,103542,103543],{},"This is helpful in beginner code because you do not need to check first:",[60,103545,103547],{"className":62,"code":103546,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"if \"grape\" in fruits:\n    fruits.remove(\"grape\")\n",[17,103548,103549,103565],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,103550,103551,103553,103555,103557,103559,103561,103563],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,103552,6625],{"class":773},[69,103554,964],{"class":94},[69,103556,22184],{"class":336},[69,103558,333],{"class":94},[69,103560,20824],{"class":79},[69,103562,52520],{"class":75},[69,103564,1235],{"class":83},[69,103566,103567,103570,103572,103574,103576,103578,103580,103582],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,103568,103569],{"class":75},"    fruits",[69,103571,25],{"class":83},[69,103573,34452],{"class":121},[69,103575,113],{"class":83},[69,103577,333],{"class":94},[69,103579,22184],{"class":336},[69,103581,333],{"class":94},[69,103583,221],{"class":83},[14,103585,103586,103587,103589],{},"With ",[17,103588,102529],{},", you can simply write:",[60,103591,103593],{"className":62,"code":103592,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"fruits.discard(\"grape\")\n",[17,103594,103595],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,103596,103597,103599,103601,103603,103605,103607,103609,103611],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,103598,35951],{"class":75},[69,103600,25],{"class":83},[69,103602,102596],{"class":121},[69,103604,113],{"class":83},[69,103606,333],{"class":94},[69,103608,22184],{"class":336},[69,103610,333],{"class":94},[69,103612,221],{"class":83},[141,103614,4788,103616],{"id":103615},"when-to-use-discard",[17,103617,102529],{},[14,103619,132,103620,10239],{},[17,103621,102529],{},[30,103623,103624,103627,103630],{},[33,103625,103626],{},"Missing values are normal",[33,103628,103629],{},"You want simple, safe removal",[33,103631,103632],{},"You do not want to write an existence check first",[14,103634,103635],{},"It is a good choice when your program does not care whether the value was already missing.",[141,103637,2698],{"id":2697},[14,103639,8080,103640,25],{},[17,103641,102529],{},[1369,103643,8086,103645,103647],{"id":103644},"expecting-discard-to-return-the-changed-set",[17,103646,102529],{}," to return the changed set",[14,103649,1375],{},[60,103651,103653],{"className":62,"code":103652,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,103654,103655,103675,103693,103697],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,103656,103657,103659,103661,103663,103665,103667,103669,103671,103673],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,103658,801],{"class":75},[69,103660,80],{"class":79},[69,103662,10128],{"class":83},[69,103664,473],{"class":87},[69,103666,91],{"class":83},[69,103668,316],{"class":87},[69,103670,91],{"class":83},[69,103672,516],{"class":87},[69,103674,8945],{"class":83},[69,103676,103677,103679,103681,103683,103685,103687,103689,103691],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,103678,801],{"class":75},[69,103680,80],{"class":79},[69,103682,865],{"class":75},[69,103684,25],{"class":83},[69,103686,102596],{"class":121},[69,103688,113],{"class":83},[69,103690,821],{"class":87},[69,103692,221],{"class":83},[69,103694,103695],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,103696,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,103698,103699,103701,103703,103705],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,103700,110],{"class":109},[69,103702,113],{"class":83},[69,103704,3512],{"class":121},[69,103706,221],{"class":83},[14,103708,103709,41819,103711,8235,103713,678,103715,25],{},[17,103710,3512],{},[17,103712,449],{},[17,103714,102529],{},[17,103716,449],{},[14,103718,18490],{},[60,103720,103722],{"className":62,"code":103721,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,103723,103724,103744,103758,103762],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,103725,103726,103728,103730,103732,103734,103736,103738,103740,103742],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,103727,801],{"class":75},[69,103729,80],{"class":79},[69,103731,10128],{"class":83},[69,103733,473],{"class":87},[69,103735,91],{"class":83},[69,103737,316],{"class":87},[69,103739,91],{"class":83},[69,103741,516],{"class":87},[69,103743,8945],{"class":83},[69,103745,103746,103748,103750,103752,103754,103756],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,103747,3512],{"class":75},[69,103749,25],{"class":83},[69,103751,102596],{"class":121},[69,103753,113],{"class":83},[69,103755,821],{"class":87},[69,103757,221],{"class":83},[69,103759,103760],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,103761,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,103763,103764,103766,103768,103770],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,103765,110],{"class":109},[69,103767,113],{"class":83},[69,103769,3512],{"class":121},[69,103771,221],{"class":83},[1369,103773,36865,103775,8339,103777],{"id":103774},"confusing-discard-with-remove",[17,103776,102529],{},[17,103778,55198],{},[14,103780,103781,103782,25],{},"If you want to avoid errors for missing values, use ",[17,103783,102529],{},[60,103785,103787],{"className":62,"code":103786,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"z\")   # safe\nprint(letters)\n",[17,103788,103789,103821,103842],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,103790,103791,103793,103795,103797,103799,103801,103803,103805,103807,103809,103811,103813,103815,103817,103819],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,103792,35750],{"class":75},[69,103794,80],{"class":79},[69,103796,10128],{"class":83},[69,103798,333],{"class":94},[69,103800,192],{"class":336},[69,103802,333],{"class":94},[69,103804,91],{"class":83},[69,103806,964],{"class":94},[69,103808,4587],{"class":336},[69,103810,333],{"class":94},[69,103812,91],{"class":83},[69,103814,964],{"class":94},[69,103816,9376],{"class":336},[69,103818,333],{"class":94},[69,103820,8945],{"class":83},[69,103822,103823,103825,103827,103829,103831,103833,103835,103837,103839],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,103824,35803],{"class":75},[69,103826,25],{"class":83},[69,103828,102596],{"class":121},[69,103830,113],{"class":83},[69,103832,333],{"class":94},[69,103834,21728],{"class":336},[69,103836,333],{"class":94},[69,103838,3525],{"class":83},[69,103840,103841],{"class":128},"   # safe\n",[69,103843,103844,103846,103848,103850],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,103845,110],{"class":109},[69,103847,113],{"class":83},[69,103849,35803],{"class":121},[69,103851,221],{"class":83},[14,103853,103854,103855,45574,103858,25],{},"If you use ",[17,103856,103857],{},"remove(\"z\")",[17,103859,19337],{},[1369,103861,25269,103863,103865],{"id":103862},"trying-to-use-discard-on-a-list-instead-of-a-set",[17,103864,102529],{}," on a list instead of a set",[14,103867,103868,101882],{},[17,103869,102529],{},[14,103871,16291],{},[60,103873,103875],{"className":62,"code":103874,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.discard(2)\n",[17,103876,103877,103897],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,103878,103879,103881,103883,103885,103887,103889,103891,103893,103895],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,103880,7409],{"class":75},[69,103882,80],{"class":79},[69,103884,84],{"class":83},[69,103886,473],{"class":87},[69,103888,91],{"class":83},[69,103890,316],{"class":87},[69,103892,91],{"class":83},[69,103894,516],{"class":87},[69,103896,103],{"class":83},[69,103898,103899,103901,103903,103905,103907,103909],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,103900,7440],{"class":75},[69,103902,25],{"class":83},[69,103904,102596],{"class":121},[69,103906,113],{"class":83},[69,103908,821],{"class":87},[69,103910,221],{"class":83},[14,103912,103913,103914,1044],{},"Use a set if you need ",[17,103915,102529],{},[60,103917,103919],{"className":62,"code":103918,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.discard(2)\nprint(items)\n",[17,103920,103921,103941,103955],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,103922,103923,103925,103927,103929,103931,103933,103935,103937,103939],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,103924,7409],{"class":75},[69,103926,80],{"class":79},[69,103928,10128],{"class":83},[69,103930,473],{"class":87},[69,103932,91],{"class":83},[69,103934,316],{"class":87},[69,103936,91],{"class":83},[69,103938,516],{"class":87},[69,103940,8945],{"class":83},[69,103942,103943,103945,103947,103949,103951,103953],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,103944,7440],{"class":75},[69,103946,25],{"class":83},[69,103948,102596],{"class":121},[69,103950,113],{"class":83},[69,103952,821],{"class":87},[69,103954,221],{"class":83},[69,103956,103957,103959,103961,103963],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,103958,110],{"class":109},[69,103960,113],{"class":83},[69,103962,7440],{"class":121},[69,103964,221],{"class":83},[1369,103966,103968],{"id":103967},"passing-an-unhashable-value-such-as-a-list","Passing an unhashable value such as a list",[14,103970,103971],{},"Set items must be hashable. A list is not hashable.",[14,103973,2705],{},[60,103975,103977],{"className":62,"code":103976,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = {1, 2, 3}\ndata.discard([2])\n",[17,103978,103979,103999],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,103980,103981,103983,103985,103987,103989,103991,103993,103995,103997],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,103982,8801],{"class":75},[69,103984,80],{"class":79},[69,103986,10128],{"class":83},[69,103988,473],{"class":87},[69,103990,91],{"class":83},[69,103992,316],{"class":87},[69,103994,91],{"class":83},[69,103996,516],{"class":87},[69,103998,8945],{"class":83},[69,104000,104001,104003,104005,104007,104009,104011],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,104002,8840],{"class":75},[69,104004,25],{"class":83},[69,104006,102596],{"class":121},[69,104008,260],{"class":83},[69,104010,821],{"class":87},[69,104012,3727],{"class":83},[14,104014,104015],{},"Use a valid set element type instead, such as a number, string, or tuple.",[141,104017,8507],{"id":8506},[14,104019,8510,104020,104022],{},[17,104021,102529],{}," is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[60,104024,104026],{"className":62,"code":104025,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value in my_set)\nhelp(set.discard)\n",[17,104027,104028,104038,104052,104066],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,104029,104030,104032,104034,104036],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,104031,110],{"class":109},[69,104033,113],{"class":83},[69,104035,15313],{"class":121},[69,104037,221],{"class":83},[69,104039,104040,104042,104044,104046,104048,104050],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,104041,110],{"class":109},[69,104043,113],{"class":83},[69,104045,3087],{"class":1126},[69,104047,113],{"class":83},[69,104049,15313],{"class":121},[69,104051,342],{"class":83},[69,104053,104054,104056,104058,104060,104062,104064],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,104055,110],{"class":109},[69,104057,113],{"class":83},[69,104059,2313],{"class":121},[69,104061,780],{"class":773},[69,104063,96599],{"class":121},[69,104065,221],{"class":83},[69,104067,104068,104070,104072,104074,104076,104078],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,104069,31808],{"class":109},[69,104071,113],{"class":83},[69,104073,1127],{"class":1126},[69,104075,25],{"class":83},[69,104077,102596],{"class":24402},[69,104079,221],{"class":83},[14,104081,10810],{},[30,104083,104084,104087,104090,104093],{},[33,104085,104086],{},"What is currently in the set",[33,104088,104089],{},"Whether the variable is really a set",[33,104091,104092],{},"Whether the value exists before removal",[33,104094,104095],{},"How Python documents the method",[141,104097,1651],{"id":1650},[1369,104099,104101],{"id":104100},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-in-the-set","What happens if the item is not in the set?",[14,104103,104104,104105,104107],{},"Nothing happens. ",[17,104106,102529],{}," does not raise an error when the item is missing.",[1369,104109,4969,104111,12359],{"id":104110},"what-does-setdiscard-return",[17,104112,102534],{},[14,104114,1658,104115,104117],{},[17,104116,449],{},". It changes the original set instead of creating a new one.",[1369,104119,5006,104121,587,104123,2359],{"id":104120},"what-is-the-difference-between-discard-and-remove",[17,104122,102529],{},[17,104124,55198],{},[14,104126,104127,104128,26191,104130,104132,104133,104135],{},"Both remove items from a set. ",[17,104129,55198],{},[17,104131,19337],{}," if the item is missing, but ",[17,104134,102529],{}," does not.",[1369,104137,27982,104139,104141],{"id":104138},"can-i-use-discard-with-lists-or-dictionaries",[17,104140,102529],{}," with lists or dictionaries?",[14,104143,46031,104144,104146],{},[17,104145,102529],{}," is a set method, so it works on set objects.",[141,104148,1771],{"id":1770},[30,104150,104151,104157,104163,104168,104172],{},[33,104152,104153],{},[192,104154,96489,104155,10379],{"href":97884},[17,104156,55198],{},[33,104158,104159],{},[192,104160,96489,104161,10379],{"href":97889},[17,104162,12406],{},[33,104164,104165],{},[192,104166,104167],{"href":97558},"Python set: creating a set",[33,104169,104170],{},[192,104171,100024],{"href":98466},[33,104173,104174],{},[192,104175,10902],{"href":10713},[1802,104177,104178],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":104180},[104181,104182,104184,104187,104192,104193,104194,104195,104197,104206,104207,104216],{"id":1869,"depth":106,"text":1870},{"id":102706,"depth":106,"text":104183},"What set.discard() does",{"id":2023,"depth":106,"text":2024,"children":104185},[104186],{"id":102779,"depth":300,"text":102780},{"id":102859,"depth":106,"text":104188,"children":104189},"What makes discard() different",[104190],{"id":102898,"depth":300,"text":104191},"discard() vs remove()",{"id":103051,"depth":106,"text":103052},{"id":11115,"depth":106,"text":11116},{"id":103422,"depth":106,"text":103423},{"id":103615,"depth":106,"text":104196},"When to use discard()",{"id":2697,"depth":106,"text":2698,"children":104198},[104199,104201,104203,104205],{"id":103644,"depth":300,"text":104200},"Expecting discard() to return the changed set",{"id":103774,"depth":300,"text":104202},"Confusing discard() with remove()",{"id":103862,"depth":300,"text":104204},"Trying to use discard() on a list instead of a set",{"id":103967,"depth":300,"text":103968},{"id":8506,"depth":106,"text":8507},{"id":1650,"depth":106,"text":1651,"children":104208},[104209,104210,104212,104214],{"id":104100,"depth":300,"text":104101},{"id":104110,"depth":300,"text":104211},"What does set.discard() return?",{"id":104120,"depth":300,"text":104213},"What is the difference between discard() and remove()?",{"id":104138,"depth":300,"text":104215},"Can I use discard() with lists or dictionaries?",{"id":1770,"depth":106,"text":1771},"Master python set discard method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method",{"title":102521,"description":104217},"reference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method","-9zfcGzLEa24aaupYhVun2XniU742IAOkMaj9_B4X44",{"id":104224,"title":104225,"body":104226,"description":106232,"extension":1828,"meta":106233,"navigation":833,"path":106234,"seo":106235,"stem":106236,"__hash__":106237},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained.md","Python set() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":104227,"toc":106190},[104228,104231,104239,104244,104255,104257,104312,104316,104336,104341,104345,104350,104352,104366,104368,104443,104445,104478,104483,104488,104490,104492,104507,104510,104518,104523,104538,104540,104629,104631,104720,104726,104730,104732,104770,104772,104796,104799,104814,104816,104871,104873,104906,104908,104913,104917,104921,104926,104991,104993,105013,105019,105023,105080,105082,105103,105107,105112,105157,105159,105192,105195,105199,105232,105234,105263,105267,105271,105274,105276,105295,105297,105343,105348,105362,105364,105395,105400,105403,105447,105449,105477,105481,105485,105501,105504,105569,105571,105583,105586,105590,105593,105598,105626,105628,105646,105652,105691,105693,105711,105717,105746,105748,105766,105769,105786,105788,105793,105797,105800,105826,105833,105838,105853,105862,105866,105869,105900,105906,105909,105918,105921,105923,105925,105983,105986,106011,106013,106017,106020,106024,106032,106036,106039,106043,106046,106048,106071,106073,106114,106121,106129,106132,106163,106165,106187],[10,104229,104225],{"id":104230},"python-set-function-explained",[14,104232,8758,104233,104235,104236,25],{},[17,104234,444],{}," function creates a set in Python. A set is a collection that stores ",[22,104237,104238],{},"unique values only",[14,104240,35064,104241,104243],{},[17,104242,444],{}," to:",[30,104245,104246,104249,104252],{},[33,104247,104248],{},"remove duplicates from a list",[33,104250,104251],{},"check whether a value exists",[33,104253,104254],{},"work with set operations like union and intersection",[141,104256,1870],{"id":1869},[60,104258,104260],{"className":62,"code":104259,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nunique_numbers = set(numbers)\nprint(unique_numbers)\n",[17,104261,104262,104286,104301],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,104263,104264,104266,104268,104270,104272,104274,104276,104278,104280,104282,104284],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,104265,801],{"class":75},[69,104267,80],{"class":79},[69,104269,84],{"class":83},[69,104271,473],{"class":87},[69,104273,91],{"class":83},[69,104275,316],{"class":87},[69,104277,91],{"class":83},[69,104279,316],{"class":87},[69,104281,91],{"class":83},[69,104283,516],{"class":87},[69,104285,103],{"class":83},[69,104287,104288,104291,104293,104295,104297,104299],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,104289,104290],{"class":75},"unique_numbers ",[69,104292,80],{"class":79},[69,104294,15280],{"class":1126},[69,104296,113],{"class":83},[69,104298,3512],{"class":121},[69,104300,221],{"class":83},[69,104302,104303,104305,104307,104310],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,104304,110],{"class":109},[69,104306,113],{"class":83},[69,104308,104309],{"class":121},"unique_numbers",[69,104311,221],{"class":83},[14,104313,104314],{},[22,104315,643],{},[60,104317,104318],{"className":62,"code":96282,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,104319,104320],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,104321,104322,104324,104326,104328,104330,104332,104334],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,104323,8914],{"class":83},[69,104325,473],{"class":87},[69,104327,91],{"class":83},[69,104329,316],{"class":87},[69,104331,91],{"class":83},[69,104333,516],{"class":87},[69,104335,8945],{"class":83},[14,104337,132,104338,104340],{},[17,104339,444],{}," to create a set from an iterable. A set keeps only unique values.",[141,104342,104344],{"id":104343},"what-set-does","What set() does",[14,104346,104347,104349],{},[17,104348,444],{}," creates a new set object.",[14,104351,30195],{},[30,104353,104354,104357,104360,104363],{},[33,104355,104356],{},"A set stores unique items only",[33,104358,104359],{},"Duplicate values are removed automatically",[33,104361,104362],{},"Sets are unordered, so item order is not guaranteed",[33,104364,104365],{},"A very common use is removing duplicates from a list or another iterable",[14,104367,2076],{},[60,104369,104371],{"className":62,"code":104370,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\nunique_colors = set(colors)\n\nprint(unique_colors)\n",[17,104372,104373,104413,104428,104432],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,104374,104375,104377,104379,104381,104383,104385,104387,104389,104391,104393,104395,104397,104399,104401,104403,104405,104407,104409,104411],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,104376,12720],{"class":75},[69,104378,80],{"class":79},[69,104380,84],{"class":83},[69,104382,333],{"class":94},[69,104384,12737],{"class":336},[69,104386,333],{"class":94},[69,104388,91],{"class":83},[69,104390,964],{"class":94},[69,104392,12754],{"class":336},[69,104394,333],{"class":94},[69,104396,91],{"class":83},[69,104398,964],{"class":94},[69,104400,12737],{"class":336},[69,104402,333],{"class":94},[69,104404,91],{"class":83},[69,104406,964],{"class":94},[69,104408,17104],{"class":336},[69,104410,333],{"class":94},[69,104412,103],{"class":83},[69,104414,104415,104418,104420,104422,104424,104426],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,104416,104417],{"class":75},"unique_colors ",[69,104419,80],{"class":79},[69,104421,15280],{"class":1126},[69,104423,113],{"class":83},[69,104425,17151],{"class":121},[69,104427,221],{"class":83},[69,104429,104430],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,104431,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,104433,104434,104436,104438,104441],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,104435,110],{"class":109},[69,104437,113],{"class":83},[69,104439,104440],{"class":121},"unique_colors",[69,104442,221],{"class":83},[14,104444,29684],{},[60,104446,104448],{"className":62,"code":104447,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'blue', 'green', 'red'}\n",[17,104449,104450],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,104451,104452,104454,104456,104458,104460,104462,104464,104466,104468,104470,104472,104474,104476],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,104453,8914],{"class":83},[69,104455,488],{"class":94},[69,104457,12754],{"class":336},[69,104459,488],{"class":94},[69,104461,91],{"class":83},[69,104463,3161],{"class":94},[69,104465,17104],{"class":336},[69,104467,488],{"class":94},[69,104469,91],{"class":83},[69,104471,3161],{"class":94},[69,104473,12737],{"class":336},[69,104475,488],{"class":94},[69,104477,8945],{"class":83},[14,104479,2152,104480,104482],{},[17,104481,65064],{}," appears only once.",[14,104484,104485,104486,25],{},"If you want a broader beginner introduction to sets, see ",[192,104487,96003],{"href":96002},[141,104489,2024],{"id":2023},[14,104491,2027],{},[60,104493,104495],{"className":62,"code":104494,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"set(iterable)\n",[17,104496,104497],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,104498,104499,104501,104503,104505],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,104500,1127],{"class":1126},[69,104502,113],{"class":83},[69,104504,218],{"class":121},[69,104506,221],{"class":83},[14,104508,104509],{},"The argument is optional.",[30,104511,104512,104515],{},[33,104513,104514],{},"If you pass an iterable, Python creates a set from its items",[33,104516,104517],{},"If you pass nothing, Python creates an empty set",[14,104519,104520,104521,1044],{},"Common iterables you can use with ",[17,104522,444],{},[30,104524,104525,104527,104529,104531,104535],{},[33,104526,7725],{},[33,104528,48620],{},[33,104530,60845],{},[33,104532,104533],{},[17,104534,35858],{},[33,104536,104537],{},"another set",[14,104539,1992],{},[60,104541,104543],{"className":62,"code":104542,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(set([1, 2, 2, 3]))\nprint(set((10, 20, 10)))\nprint(set(\"hello\"))\nprint(set(range(4)))\n",[17,104544,104545,104571,104593,104611],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,104546,104547,104549,104551,104553,104555,104557,104559,104561,104563,104565,104567,104569],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,104548,110],{"class":109},[69,104550,113],{"class":83},[69,104552,1127],{"class":1126},[69,104554,260],{"class":83},[69,104556,473],{"class":87},[69,104558,91],{"class":83},[69,104560,316],{"class":87},[69,104562,91],{"class":83},[69,104564,316],{"class":87},[69,104566,91],{"class":83},[69,104568,516],{"class":87},[69,104570,275],{"class":83},[69,104572,104573,104575,104577,104579,104581,104583,104585,104587,104589,104591],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,104574,110],{"class":109},[69,104576,113],{"class":83},[69,104578,1127],{"class":1126},[69,104580,286],{"class":83},[69,104582,2197],{"class":87},[69,104584,91],{"class":83},[69,104586,7420],{"class":87},[69,104588,91],{"class":83},[69,104590,826],{"class":87},[69,104592,297],{"class":83},[69,104594,104595,104597,104599,104601,104603,104605,104607,104609],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,104596,110],{"class":109},[69,104598,113],{"class":83},[69,104600,1127],{"class":1126},[69,104602,113],{"class":83},[69,104604,333],{"class":94},[69,104606,337],{"class":336},[69,104608,333],{"class":94},[69,104610,342],{"class":83},[69,104612,104613,104615,104617,104619,104621,104623,104625,104627],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,104614,110],{"class":109},[69,104616,113],{"class":83},[69,104618,1127],{"class":1126},[69,104620,113],{"class":83},[69,104622,59669],{"class":109},[69,104624,113],{"class":83},[69,104626,808],{"class":87},[69,104628,297],{"class":83},[14,104630,29684],{},[60,104632,104634],{"className":62,"code":104633,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{1, 2, 3}\n{10, 20}\n{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n{0, 1, 2, 3}\n",[17,104635,104636,104652,104664,104700],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,104637,104638,104640,104642,104644,104646,104648,104650],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,104639,8914],{"class":83},[69,104641,473],{"class":87},[69,104643,91],{"class":83},[69,104645,316],{"class":87},[69,104647,91],{"class":83},[69,104649,516],{"class":87},[69,104651,8945],{"class":83},[69,104653,104654,104656,104658,104660,104662],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,104655,8914],{"class":83},[69,104657,2197],{"class":87},[69,104659,91],{"class":83},[69,104661,7420],{"class":87},[69,104663,8945],{"class":83},[69,104665,104666,104668,104670,104672,104674,104676,104678,104680,104682,104684,104686,104688,104690,104692,104694,104696,104698],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,104667,8914],{"class":83},[69,104669,488],{"class":94},[69,104671,60109],{"class":336},[69,104673,488],{"class":94},[69,104675,91],{"class":83},[69,104677,3161],{"class":94},[69,104679,60118],{"class":336},[69,104681,488],{"class":94},[69,104683,91],{"class":83},[69,104685,3161],{"class":94},[69,104687,60127],{"class":336},[69,104689,488],{"class":94},[69,104691,91],{"class":83},[69,104693,3161],{"class":94},[69,104695,60144],{"class":336},[69,104697,488],{"class":94},[69,104699,8945],{"class":83},[69,104701,104702,104704,104706,104708,104710,104712,104714,104716,104718],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,104703,8914],{"class":83},[69,104705,88],{"class":87},[69,104707,91],{"class":83},[69,104709,272],{"class":87},[69,104711,91],{"class":83},[69,104713,316],{"class":87},[69,104715,91],{"class":83},[69,104717,516],{"class":87},[69,104719,8945],{"class":83},[14,104721,104722,104723,25],{},"If you are comparing built-in constructors, you may also want to read ",[192,104724,104725],{"href":64519},"Python list() function explained",[141,104727,104729],{"id":104728},"creating-an-empty-set-correctly","Creating an empty set correctly",[14,104731,97955],{},[60,104733,104734],{"className":62,"code":98920,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,104735,104736,104746,104756],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,104737,104738,104740,104742,104744],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,104739,97965],{"class":75},[69,104741,80],{"class":79},[69,104743,15280],{"class":1126},[69,104745,8277],{"class":83},[69,104747,104748,104750,104752,104754],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,104749,110],{"class":109},[69,104751,113],{"class":83},[69,104753,97984],{"class":121},[69,104755,221],{"class":83},[69,104757,104758,104760,104762,104764,104766,104768],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,104759,110],{"class":109},[69,104761,113],{"class":83},[69,104763,3087],{"class":1126},[69,104765,113],{"class":83},[69,104767,97984],{"class":121},[69,104769,342],{"class":83},[14,104771,643],{},[60,104773,104774],{"className":62,"code":98963,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,104775,104776,104782],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,104777,104778,104780],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,104779,1127],{"class":1126},[69,104781,8277],{"class":83},[69,104783,104784,104786,104788,104790,104792,104794],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,104785,852],{"class":79},[69,104787,3158],{"class":1932},[69,104789,3161],{"class":94},[69,104791,1127],{"class":336},[69,104793,488],{"class":94},[69,104795,3168],{"class":79},[14,104797,104798],{},"This is important because:",[30,104800,104801,104806],{},[33,104802,104803,104805],{},[17,104804,444],{}," creates an empty set",[33,104807,104808,104810,104811,104813],{},[17,104809,439],{}," creates an empty dictionary, ",[22,104812,4457],{}," a set",[14,104815,2076],{},[60,104817,104819],{"className":62,"code":104818,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = set()\nb = {}\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\n",[17,104820,104821,104831,104839,104843,104857],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,104822,104823,104825,104827,104829],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,104824,2421],{"class":75},[69,104826,80],{"class":79},[69,104828,15280],{"class":1126},[69,104830,8277],{"class":83},[69,104832,104833,104835,104837],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,104834,2449],{"class":75},[69,104836,80],{"class":79},[69,104838,9475],{"class":83},[69,104840,104841],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,104842,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,104844,104845,104847,104849,104851,104853,104855],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,104846,110],{"class":109},[69,104848,113],{"class":83},[69,104850,3087],{"class":1126},[69,104852,113],{"class":83},[69,104854,192],{"class":121},[69,104856,342],{"class":83},[69,104858,104859,104861,104863,104865,104867,104869],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,104860,110],{"class":109},[69,104862,113],{"class":83},[69,104864,3087],{"class":1126},[69,104866,113],{"class":83},[69,104868,4587],{"class":121},[69,104870,342],{"class":83},[14,104872,643],{},[60,104874,104876],{"className":62,"code":104875,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[17,104877,104878,104892],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,104879,104880,104882,104884,104886,104888,104890],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,104881,852],{"class":79},[69,104883,3158],{"class":1932},[69,104885,3161],{"class":94},[69,104887,1127],{"class":336},[69,104889,488],{"class":94},[69,104891,3168],{"class":79},[69,104893,104894,104896,104898,104900,104902,104904],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,104895,852],{"class":79},[69,104897,3158],{"class":1932},[69,104899,3161],{"class":94},[69,104901,8456],{"class":336},[69,104903,488],{"class":94},[69,104905,3168],{"class":79},[14,104907,13694],{},[14,104909,104910,104911,25],{},"For more on creating sets, see ",[192,104912,104167],{"href":96006},[141,104914,104916],{"id":104915},"using-set-with-common-iterables","Using set() with common iterables",[1369,104918,104920],{"id":104919},"from-a-list","From a list",[14,104922,104923,104924,25],{},"This is one of the most common uses of ",[17,104925,444],{},[60,104927,104929],{"className":62,"code":104928,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3]\nresult = set(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,104930,104931,104963,104977,104981],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,104932,104933,104935,104937,104939,104941,104943,104945,104947,104949,104951,104953,104955,104957,104959,104961],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,104934,801],{"class":75},[69,104936,80],{"class":79},[69,104938,84],{"class":83},[69,104940,473],{"class":87},[69,104942,91],{"class":83},[69,104944,316],{"class":87},[69,104946,91],{"class":83},[69,104948,316],{"class":87},[69,104950,91],{"class":83},[69,104952,516],{"class":87},[69,104954,91],{"class":83},[69,104956,516],{"class":87},[69,104958,91],{"class":83},[69,104960,516],{"class":87},[69,104962,103],{"class":83},[69,104964,104965,104967,104969,104971,104973,104975],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,104966,839],{"class":75},[69,104968,80],{"class":79},[69,104970,15280],{"class":1126},[69,104972,113],{"class":83},[69,104974,3512],{"class":121},[69,104976,221],{"class":83},[69,104978,104979],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,104980,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,104982,104983,104985,104987,104989],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,104984,110],{"class":109},[69,104986,113],{"class":83},[69,104988,876],{"class":121},[69,104990,221],{"class":83},[14,104992,643],{},[60,104994,104995],{"className":62,"code":96282,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,104996,104997],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,104998,104999,105001,105003,105005,105007,105009,105011],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,105000,8914],{"class":83},[69,105002,473],{"class":87},[69,105004,91],{"class":83},[69,105006,316],{"class":87},[69,105008,91],{"class":83},[69,105010,516],{"class":87},[69,105012,8945],{"class":83},[14,105014,105015,105016,25],{},"This is useful when you need unique values. For a task-focused example, see ",[192,105017,98753],{"href":105018},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python",[1369,105020,105022],{"id":105021},"from-a-tuple","From a tuple",[60,105024,105026],{"className":62,"code":105025,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"values = (5, 5, 10, 15)\nresult = set(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,105027,105028,105052,105066,105070],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,105029,105030,105032,105034,105036,105038,105040,105042,105044,105046,105048,105050],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,105031,76],{"class":75},[69,105033,80],{"class":79},[69,105035,8872],{"class":83},[69,105037,670],{"class":87},[69,105039,91],{"class":83},[69,105041,100],{"class":87},[69,105043,91],{"class":83},[69,105045,826],{"class":87},[69,105047,91],{"class":83},[69,105049,37598],{"class":87},[69,105051,221],{"class":83},[69,105053,105054,105056,105058,105060,105062,105064],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,105055,839],{"class":75},[69,105057,80],{"class":79},[69,105059,15280],{"class":1126},[69,105061,113],{"class":83},[69,105063,122],{"class":121},[69,105065,221],{"class":83},[69,105067,105068],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,105069,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,105071,105072,105074,105076,105078],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,105073,110],{"class":109},[69,105075,113],{"class":83},[69,105077,876],{"class":121},[69,105079,221],{"class":83},[14,105081,643],{},[60,105083,105085],{"className":62,"code":105084,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{5, 10, 15}\n",[17,105086,105087],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,105088,105089,105091,105093,105095,105097,105099,105101],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,105090,8914],{"class":83},[69,105092,670],{"class":87},[69,105094,91],{"class":83},[69,105096,826],{"class":87},[69,105098,91],{"class":83},[69,105100,37598],{"class":87},[69,105102,8945],{"class":83},[1369,105104,105106],{"id":105105},"from-a-string","From a string",[14,105108,50795,105109,105111],{},[17,105110,444],{}," on a string, Python treats the string as an iterable of characters.",[60,105113,105115],{"className":62,"code":105114,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = set(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,105116,105117,105129,105143,105147],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,105118,105119,105121,105123,105125,105127],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,105120,34345],{"class":75},[69,105122,80],{"class":79},[69,105124,964],{"class":94},[69,105126,967],{"class":336},[69,105128,3224],{"class":94},[69,105130,105131,105133,105135,105137,105139,105141],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,105132,839],{"class":75},[69,105134,80],{"class":79},[69,105136,15280],{"class":1126},[69,105138,113],{"class":83},[69,105140,34366],{"class":121},[69,105142,221],{"class":83},[69,105144,105145],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,105146,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,105148,105149,105151,105153,105155],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,105150,110],{"class":109},[69,105152,113],{"class":83},[69,105154,876],{"class":121},[69,105156,221],{"class":83},[14,105158,29684],{},[60,105160,105162],{"className":62,"code":105161,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'b', 'a', 'n'}\n",[17,105163,105164],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,105165,105166,105168,105170,105172,105174,105176,105178,105180,105182,105184,105186,105188,105190],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,105167,8914],{"class":83},[69,105169,488],{"class":94},[69,105171,4587],{"class":336},[69,105173,488],{"class":94},[69,105175,91],{"class":83},[69,105177,3161],{"class":94},[69,105179,192],{"class":336},[69,105181,488],{"class":94},[69,105183,91],{"class":83},[69,105185,3161],{"class":94},[69,105187,75702],{"class":336},[69,105189,488],{"class":94},[69,105191,8945],{"class":83},[14,105193,105194],{},"The result contains unique characters only.",[1369,105196,105198],{"id":105197},"from-range","From range()",[60,105200,105202],{"className":62,"code":105201,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"result = set(range(5))\nprint(result)\n",[17,105203,105204,105222],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,105205,105206,105208,105210,105212,105214,105216,105218,105220],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,105207,839],{"class":75},[69,105209,80],{"class":79},[69,105211,15280],{"class":1126},[69,105213,113],{"class":83},[69,105215,59669],{"class":109},[69,105217,113],{"class":83},[69,105219,670],{"class":87},[69,105221,342],{"class":83},[69,105223,105224,105226,105228,105230],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,105225,110],{"class":109},[69,105227,113],{"class":83},[69,105229,876],{"class":121},[69,105231,221],{"class":83},[14,105233,643],{},[60,105235,105237],{"className":62,"code":105236,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{0, 1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[17,105238,105239],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,105240,105241,105243,105245,105247,105249,105251,105253,105255,105257,105259,105261],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,105242,8914],{"class":83},[69,105244,88],{"class":87},[69,105246,91],{"class":83},[69,105248,272],{"class":87},[69,105250,91],{"class":83},[69,105252,316],{"class":87},[69,105254,91],{"class":83},[69,105256,516],{"class":87},[69,105258,91],{"class":83},[69,105260,2323],{"class":87},[69,105262,8945],{"class":83},[141,105264,105266],{"id":105265},"what-kinds-of-values-a-set-can-contain","What kinds of values a set can contain",[14,105268,99200,105269,25],{},[22,105270,96046],{},[14,105272,105273],{},"In simple terms, this means the value must be a type Python can safely use inside a set.",[14,105275,99206],{},[30,105277,105278,105282,105286,105290],{},[33,105279,105280],{},[17,105281,2056],{},[33,105283,105284],{},[17,105285,3309],{},[33,105287,105288],{},[17,105289,2060],{},[33,105291,105292,105294],{},[17,105293,48620],{}," (if its contents are also hashable)",[14,105296,2076],{},[60,105298,105300],{"className":62,"code":105299,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = {1, \"hello\", (10, 20)}\nprint(items)\n",[17,105301,105302,105333],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,105303,105304,105306,105308,105310,105312,105314,105316,105318,105320,105322,105324,105326,105328,105330],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,105305,7409],{"class":75},[69,105307,80],{"class":79},[69,105309,10128],{"class":83},[69,105311,473],{"class":87},[69,105313,91],{"class":83},[69,105315,964],{"class":94},[69,105317,337],{"class":336},[69,105319,333],{"class":94},[69,105321,91],{"class":83},[69,105323,8872],{"class":83},[69,105325,2197],{"class":87},[69,105327,91],{"class":83},[69,105329,7420],{"class":87},[69,105331,105332],{"class":83},")}\n",[69,105334,105335,105337,105339,105341],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,105336,110],{"class":109},[69,105338,113],{"class":83},[69,105340,7440],{"class":121},[69,105342,221],{"class":83},[14,105344,99268,105345,105347],{},[22,105346,4457],{}," work inside a set:",[30,105349,105350,105354,105358],{},[33,105351,105352],{},[17,105353,7725],{},[33,105355,105356],{},[17,105357,8456],{},[33,105359,105360],{},[17,105361,1127],{},[14,105363,96771],{},[60,105365,105367],{"className":62,"code":105366,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"bad_set = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[17,105368,105369],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,105370,105371,105373,105375,105377,105379,105381,105383,105385,105387,105389,105391,105393],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,105372,99287],{"class":75},[69,105374,80],{"class":79},[69,105376,99292],{"class":83},[69,105378,473],{"class":87},[69,105380,91],{"class":83},[69,105382,316],{"class":87},[69,105384,17711],{"class":83},[69,105386,84],{"class":83},[69,105388,1929],{"class":87},[69,105390,91],{"class":83},[69,105392,2323],{"class":87},[69,105394,13351],{"class":83},[14,105396,76530,105397,105399],{},[17,105398,2870],{}," because lists are mutable and cannot be added to a set.",[14,105401,105402],{},"A safer example:",[60,105404,105406],{"className":62,"code":105405,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"good_set = {(1, 2), (3, 4)}\nprint(good_set)\n",[17,105407,105408,105436],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,105409,105410,105413,105415,105418,105420,105422,105424,105426,105428,105430,105432,105434],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,105411,105412],{"class":75},"good_set ",[69,105414,80],{"class":79},[69,105416,105417],{"class":83}," {(",[69,105419,473],{"class":87},[69,105421,91],{"class":83},[69,105423,316],{"class":87},[69,105425,8869],{"class":83},[69,105427,8872],{"class":83},[69,105429,1929],{"class":87},[69,105431,91],{"class":83},[69,105433,2323],{"class":87},[69,105435,105332],{"class":83},[69,105437,105438,105440,105442,105445],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,105439,110],{"class":109},[69,105441,113],{"class":83},[69,105443,105444],{"class":121},"good_set",[69,105446,221],{"class":83},[14,105448,643],{},[60,105450,105452],{"className":62,"code":105451,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{(1, 2), (3, 4)}\n",[17,105453,105454],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,105455,105456,105459,105461,105463,105465,105467,105469,105471,105473,105475],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,105457,105458],{"class":83},"{(",[69,105460,473],{"class":87},[69,105462,91],{"class":83},[69,105464,316],{"class":87},[69,105466,8869],{"class":83},[69,105468,8872],{"class":83},[69,105470,1929],{"class":87},[69,105472,91],{"class":83},[69,105474,2323],{"class":87},[69,105476,105332],{"class":83},[141,105478,105480],{"id":105479},"when-to-use-set","When to use set()",[14,105482,132,105483,10239],{},[17,105484,444],{},[30,105486,105487,105490,105495,105498],{},[33,105488,105489],{},"you need unique values only",[33,105491,105492,105493],{},"you want fast membership checks with ",[17,105494,780],{},[33,105496,105497],{},"order does not matter",[33,105499,105500],{},"you need set operations like union or intersection",[14,105502,105503],{},"Example of membership checking:",[60,105505,105507],{"className":62,"code":105506,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"allowed_ids = set([101, 102, 103])\n\nprint(102 in allowed_ids)\nprint(999 in allowed_ids)\n",[17,105508,105509,105534,105538,105554],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,105510,105511,105514,105516,105518,105520,105522,105524,105527,105529,105532],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,105512,105513],{"class":75},"allowed_ids ",[69,105515,80],{"class":79},[69,105517,15280],{"class":1126},[69,105519,260],{"class":83},[69,105521,46258],{"class":87},[69,105523,91],{"class":83},[69,105525,105526],{"class":87}," 102",[69,105528,91],{"class":83},[69,105530,105531],{"class":87}," 103",[69,105533,3727],{"class":83},[69,105535,105536],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,105537,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,105539,105540,105542,105544,105547,105549,105552],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,105541,110],{"class":109},[69,105543,113],{"class":83},[69,105545,105546],{"class":87},"102",[69,105548,20824],{"class":773},[69,105550,105551],{"class":121}," allowed_ids",[69,105553,221],{"class":83},[69,105555,105556,105558,105560,105563,105565,105567],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,105557,110],{"class":109},[69,105559,113],{"class":83},[69,105561,105562],{"class":87},"999",[69,105564,20824],{"class":773},[69,105566,105551],{"class":121},[69,105568,221],{"class":83},[14,105570,643],{},[60,105572,105573],{"className":62,"code":43839,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,105574,105575,105579],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,105576,105577],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,105578,355],{"class":289},[69,105580,105581],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,105582,360],{"class":289},[14,105584,105585],{},"This is a common real-world use of sets.",[141,105587,105589],{"id":105588},"set-vs","set() vs {}",[14,105591,105592],{},"These forms are similar, but they do not mean the same thing.",[1369,105594,132,105596,97897],{"id":105595},"use-set-for-an-empty-set",[17,105597,444],{},[60,105599,105600],{"className":62,"code":97958,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,105601,105602,105612],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,105603,105604,105606,105608,105610],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,105605,97965],{"class":75},[69,105607,80],{"class":79},[69,105609,15280],{"class":1126},[69,105611,8277],{"class":83},[69,105613,105614,105616,105618,105620,105622,105624],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,105615,110],{"class":109},[69,105617,113],{"class":83},[69,105619,3087],{"class":1126},[69,105621,113],{"class":83},[69,105623,97984],{"class":121},[69,105625,342],{"class":83},[14,105627,643],{},[60,105629,105630],{"className":62,"code":8487,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,105631,105632],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,105633,105634,105636,105638,105640,105642,105644],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,105635,852],{"class":79},[69,105637,3158],{"class":1932},[69,105639,3161],{"class":94},[69,105641,1127],{"class":336},[69,105643,488],{"class":94},[69,105645,3168],{"class":79},[1369,105647,132,105649,105651],{"id":105648},"use-1-2-3-for-a-non-empty-set-literal",[17,105650,99957],{}," for a non-empty set literal",[60,105653,105655],{"className":62,"code":105654,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(type(numbers))\n",[17,105656,105657,105677],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,105658,105659,105661,105663,105665,105667,105669,105671,105673,105675],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,105660,801],{"class":75},[69,105662,80],{"class":79},[69,105664,10128],{"class":83},[69,105666,473],{"class":87},[69,105668,91],{"class":83},[69,105670,316],{"class":87},[69,105672,91],{"class":83},[69,105674,516],{"class":87},[69,105676,8945],{"class":83},[69,105678,105679,105681,105683,105685,105687,105689],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,105680,110],{"class":109},[69,105682,113],{"class":83},[69,105684,3087],{"class":1126},[69,105686,113],{"class":83},[69,105688,3512],{"class":121},[69,105690,342],{"class":83},[14,105692,643],{},[60,105694,105695],{"className":62,"code":8487,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,105696,105697],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,105698,105699,105701,105703,105705,105707,105709],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,105700,852],{"class":79},[69,105702,3158],{"class":1932},[69,105704,3161],{"class":94},[69,105706,1127],{"class":336},[69,105708,488],{"class":94},[69,105710,3168],{"class":79},[1369,105712,132,105714,105716],{"id":105713},"use-for-an-empty-dictionary",[17,105715,439],{}," for an empty dictionary",[60,105718,105720],{"className":62,"code":105719,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"empty_dict = {}\nprint(type(empty_dict))\n",[17,105721,105722,105731],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,105723,105724,105727,105729],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,105725,105726],{"class":75},"empty_dict ",[69,105728,80],{"class":79},[69,105730,9475],{"class":83},[69,105732,105733,105735,105737,105739,105741,105744],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,105734,110],{"class":109},[69,105736,113],{"class":83},[69,105738,3087],{"class":1126},[69,105740,113],{"class":83},[69,105742,105743],{"class":121},"empty_dict",[69,105745,342],{"class":83},[14,105747,643],{},[60,105749,105750],{"className":62,"code":8443,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,105751,105752],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,105753,105754,105756,105758,105760,105762,105764],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,105755,852],{"class":79},[69,105757,3158],{"class":1932},[69,105759,3161],{"class":94},[69,105761,8456],{"class":336},[69,105763,488],{"class":94},[69,105765,3168],{"class":79},[14,105767,105768],{},"So the rule is simple:",[30,105770,105771,105776,105781],{},[33,105772,105773,105775],{},[17,105774,444],{}," → empty set",[33,105777,105778,105780],{},[17,105779,99957],{}," → non-empty set",[33,105782,105783,105785],{},[17,105784,439],{}," → empty dictionary",[141,105787,2698],{"id":2697},[14,105789,105790,105791,25],{},"These are common problems beginners run into with ",[17,105792,444],{},[1369,105794,8050,105795,99555],{"id":99552},[17,105796,439],{},[14,105798,105799],{},"This creates a dictionary, not a set:",[60,105801,105802],{"className":62,"code":99561,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,105803,105804,105812],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,105805,105806,105808,105810],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,105807,2313],{"class":75},[69,105809,80],{"class":79},[69,105811,9475],{"class":83},[69,105813,105814,105816,105818,105820,105822,105824],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,105815,110],{"class":109},[69,105817,113],{"class":83},[69,105819,3087],{"class":1126},[69,105821,113],{"class":83},[69,105823,2339],{"class":121},[69,105825,342],{"class":83},[1369,105827,105829,105830],{"id":105828},"passing-a-non-iterable-value-like-set5","Passing a non-iterable value like ",[17,105831,105832],{},"set(5)",[14,105834,105835,105837],{},[17,105836,444],{}," expects one iterable argument. An integer is not iterable.",[60,105839,105841],{"className":62,"code":105840,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"set(5)\n",[17,105842,105843],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,105844,105845,105847,105849,105851],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,105846,1127],{"class":1126},[69,105848,113],{"class":83},[69,105850,670],{"class":87},[69,105852,221],{"class":83},[14,105854,2867,105855,105857,105858,25],{},[17,105856,2870],{},". If you are seeing a related message, see ",[192,105859,105861],{"href":105860},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix","TypeError: int object is not iterable fix",[1369,105863,105865],{"id":105864},"trying-to-put-lists-or-dictionaries-inside-a-set","Trying to put lists or dictionaries inside a set",[14,105867,105868],{},"This does not work because lists and dictionaries are unhashable.",[60,105870,105872],{"className":62,"code":105871,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[17,105873,105874],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,105875,105876,105878,105880,105882,105884,105886,105888,105890,105892,105894,105896,105898],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,105877,2313],{"class":75},[69,105879,80],{"class":79},[69,105881,99292],{"class":83},[69,105883,473],{"class":87},[69,105885,91],{"class":83},[69,105887,316],{"class":87},[69,105889,17711],{"class":83},[69,105891,84],{"class":83},[69,105893,1929],{"class":87},[69,105895,91],{"class":83},[69,105897,2323],{"class":87},[69,105899,13351],{"class":83},[1369,105901,8086,105903,105905],{"id":105902},"expecting-set-to-keep-the-original-order",[17,105904,444],{}," to keep the original order",[14,105907,105908],{},"Sets are unordered. If you print a set, the items may not appear in the same order as the original iterable.",[1369,105910,36865,105912,8339,105914,54,105916],{"id":105911},"confusing-set-with-list-or-dict",[17,105913,444],{},[17,105915,24433],{},[17,105917,8755],{},[14,105919,105920],{},"These built-in functions create different types of objects. Choose the one that matches your goal.",[141,105922,60381],{"id":60380},[14,105924,10752],{},[60,105926,105928],{"className":62,"code":105927,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(type(my_value))\nprint(my_value)\nprint(list(my_set))\nprint(len(my_set))\n",[17,105929,105930,105945,105955,105969],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,105931,105932,105934,105936,105938,105940,105943],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,105933,110],{"class":109},[69,105935,113],{"class":83},[69,105937,3087],{"class":1126},[69,105939,113],{"class":83},[69,105941,105942],{"class":121},"my_value",[69,105944,342],{"class":83},[69,105946,105947,105949,105951,105953],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,105948,110],{"class":109},[69,105950,113],{"class":83},[69,105952,105942],{"class":121},[69,105954,221],{"class":83},[69,105956,105957,105959,105961,105963,105965,105967],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,105958,110],{"class":109},[69,105960,113],{"class":83},[69,105962,7725],{"class":1126},[69,105964,113],{"class":83},[69,105966,15313],{"class":121},[69,105968,342],{"class":83},[69,105970,105971,105973,105975,105977,105979,105981],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,105972,110],{"class":109},[69,105974,113],{"class":83},[69,105976,10801],{"class":109},[69,105978,113],{"class":83},[69,105980,15313],{"class":121},[69,105982,342],{"class":83},[14,105984,105985],{},"What they help you see:",[30,105987,105988,105994,105999,106005],{},[33,105989,105990,105993],{},[17,105991,105992],{},"print(type(my_value))"," checks the actual type",[33,105995,105996,90221],{},[17,105997,105998],{},"print(my_value)",[33,106000,106001,106004],{},[17,106002,106003],{},"print(list(my_set))"," converts the set to a list so it is easier to inspect",[33,106006,106007,106010],{},[17,106008,106009],{},"print(len(my_set))"," shows how many unique items are in the set",[141,106012,1651],{"id":1650},[1369,106014,106016],{"id":106015},"does-set-remove-duplicates","Does set() remove duplicates?",[14,106018,106019],{},"Yes. Duplicate values are automatically removed when the set is created.",[1369,106021,106023],{"id":106022},"how-do-i-make-an-empty-set-in-python","How do I make an empty set in Python?",[14,106025,132,106026,106028,106029,106031],{},[17,106027,444],{},". Do not use ",[17,106030,439],{},", because that creates an empty dictionary.",[1369,106033,106035],{"id":106034},"does-set-keep-the-original-order","Does set() keep the original order?",[14,106037,106038],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item order.",[1369,106040,106042],{"id":106041},"can-i-use-set-on-a-string","Can I use set() on a string?",[14,106044,106045],{},"Yes. It creates a set of unique characters from the string.",[14,106047,2076],{},[60,106049,106051],{"className":62,"code":106050,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(set(\"apple\"))\n",[17,106052,106053],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,106054,106055,106057,106059,106061,106063,106065,106067,106069],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,106056,110],{"class":109},[69,106058,113],{"class":83},[69,106060,1127],{"class":1126},[69,106062,113],{"class":83},[69,106064,333],{"class":94},[69,106066,952],{"class":336},[69,106068,333],{"class":94},[69,106070,342],{"class":83},[14,106072,29684],{},[60,106074,106076],{"className":62,"code":106075,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'a', 'p', 'l', 'e'}\n",[17,106077,106078],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,106079,106080,106082,106084,106086,106088,106090,106092,106094,106096,106098,106100,106102,106104,106106,106108,106110,106112],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,106081,8914],{"class":83},[69,106083,488],{"class":94},[69,106085,192],{"class":336},[69,106087,488],{"class":94},[69,106089,91],{"class":83},[69,106091,3161],{"class":94},[69,106093,14],{"class":336},[69,106095,488],{"class":94},[69,106097,91],{"class":83},[69,106099,3161],{"class":94},[69,106101,60127],{"class":336},[69,106103,488],{"class":94},[69,106105,91],{"class":83},[69,106107,3161],{"class":94},[69,106109,60118],{"class":336},[69,106111,488],{"class":94},[69,106113,8945],{"class":83},[1369,106115,4984,106117,106120],{"id":106116},"why-does-set1-2-3-4-not-work",[17,106118,106119],{},"set([1, 2], [3, 4])"," not work?",[14,106122,106123,28339,106125,106128],{},[17,106124,444],{},[22,106126,106127],{},"one optional iterable argument",", not multiple positional values.",[14,106130,106131],{},"If you want all those values in one set, combine them into a single iterable first:",[60,106133,106135],{"className":62,"code":106134,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(set([1, 2, 3, 4]))\n",[17,106136,106137],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,106138,106139,106141,106143,106145,106147,106149,106151,106153,106155,106157,106159,106161],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,106140,110],{"class":109},[69,106142,113],{"class":83},[69,106144,1127],{"class":1126},[69,106146,260],{"class":83},[69,106148,473],{"class":87},[69,106150,91],{"class":83},[69,106152,316],{"class":87},[69,106154,91],{"class":83},[69,106156,516],{"class":87},[69,106158,91],{"class":83},[69,106160,2323],{"class":87},[69,106162,275],{"class":83},[141,106164,1771],{"id":1770},[30,106166,106167,106171,106175,106179,106183],{},[33,106168,106169],{},[192,106170,96003],{"href":96002},[33,106172,106173],{},[192,106174,104167],{"href":96006},[33,106176,106177],{},[192,106178,100019],{"href":105018},[33,106180,106181],{},[192,106182,104725],{"href":64519},[33,106184,106185],{},[192,106186,105861],{"href":105860},[1802,106188,106189],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":106191},[106192,106193,106194,106195,106196,106202,106203,106204,106212,106222,106223,106231],{"id":1869,"depth":106,"text":1870},{"id":104343,"depth":106,"text":104344},{"id":2023,"depth":106,"text":2024},{"id":104728,"depth":106,"text":104729},{"id":104915,"depth":106,"text":104916,"children":106197},[106198,106199,106200,106201],{"id":104919,"depth":300,"text":104920},{"id":105021,"depth":300,"text":105022},{"id":105105,"depth":300,"text":105106},{"id":105197,"depth":300,"text":105198},{"id":105265,"depth":106,"text":105266},{"id":105479,"depth":106,"text":105480},{"id":105588,"depth":106,"text":105589,"children":106205},[106206,106208,106210],{"id":105595,"depth":300,"text":106207},"Use set() for an empty set",{"id":105648,"depth":300,"text":106209},"Use {1, 2, 3} for a non-empty set literal",{"id":105713,"depth":300,"text":106211},"Use {} for an empty dictionary",{"id":2697,"depth":106,"text":2698,"children":106213},[106214,106215,106217,106218,106220],{"id":99552,"depth":300,"text":100060},{"id":105828,"depth":300,"text":106216},"Passing a non-iterable value like set(5)",{"id":105864,"depth":300,"text":105865},{"id":105902,"depth":300,"text":106219},"Expecting set() to keep the original order",{"id":105911,"depth":300,"text":106221},"Confusing set() with list() or dict()",{"id":60380,"depth":106,"text":60381},{"id":1650,"depth":106,"text":1651,"children":106224},[106225,106226,106227,106228,106229],{"id":106015,"depth":300,"text":106016},{"id":106022,"depth":300,"text":106023},{"id":106034,"depth":300,"text":106035},{"id":106041,"depth":300,"text":106042},{"id":106116,"depth":300,"text":106230},"Why does set([1, 2], [3, 4]) not work?",{"id":1770,"depth":106,"text":1771},"Master python set function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained",{"title":104225,"description":106232},"reference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained","wzopeLgTwc6XjSZRTDiO0MhJY1lIjTWxNHu52c5tL8Y",{"id":106239,"title":106240,"body":106241,"description":107756,"extension":1828,"meta":107757,"navigation":833,"path":107758,"seo":107759,"stem":107760,"__hash__":107761},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method.md","Python Set intersection() Method",{"type":7,"value":106242,"toc":107732},[106243,106249,106254,106257,106340,106345,106350,106355,106357,106370,106374,106376,106395,106398,106421,106424,106435,106437,106518,106520,106537,106539,106545,106548,106643,106645,106676,106678,106686,106688,106691,106802,106804,106829,106831,106853,106858,106863,106869,106978,106980,106996,106999,107002,107085,107087,107104,107112,107114,107118,107124,107215,107217,107250,107255,107262,107339,107341,107358,107364,107366,107370,107386,107389,107415,107417,107478,107480,107603,107605,107656,107662,107664,107669,107671,107677,107680,107684,107687,107691,107694,107704,107706,107729],[10,106244,3441,106246,10962],{"id":106245},"python-setintersection-method",[17,106247,106248],{},"set.intersection()",[14,106250,1845,106251,106253],{},[17,106252,106248],{}," method returns a new set containing only the values that appear in both sets.",[14,106255,106256],{},"Use it when you want to find common items between sets without changing the original set.",[60,106258,106260],{"className":62,"code":106259,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n# Output: {2, 3}\n",[17,106261,106262,106282,106302,106306,106325,106335],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,106263,106264,106266,106268,106270,106272,106274,106276,106278,106280],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,106265,2421],{"class":75},[69,106267,80],{"class":79},[69,106269,10128],{"class":83},[69,106271,473],{"class":87},[69,106273,91],{"class":83},[69,106275,316],{"class":87},[69,106277,91],{"class":83},[69,106279,516],{"class":87},[69,106281,8945],{"class":83},[69,106283,106284,106286,106288,106290,106292,106294,106296,106298,106300],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,106285,2449],{"class":75},[69,106287,80],{"class":79},[69,106289,10128],{"class":83},[69,106291,821],{"class":87},[69,106293,91],{"class":83},[69,106295,516],{"class":87},[69,106297,91],{"class":83},[69,106299,2323],{"class":87},[69,106301,8945],{"class":83},[69,106303,106304],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,106305,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,106307,106308,106310,106312,106314,106316,106319,106321,106323],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,106309,839],{"class":75},[69,106311,80],{"class":79},[69,106313,56557],{"class":75},[69,106315,25],{"class":83},[69,106317,106318],{"class":121},"intersection",[69,106320,113],{"class":83},[69,106322,4587],{"class":121},[69,106324,221],{"class":83},[69,106326,106327,106329,106331,106333],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,106328,110],{"class":109},[69,106330,113],{"class":83},[69,106332,876],{"class":121},[69,106334,221],{"class":83},[69,106336,106337],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,106338,106339],{"class":128},"# Output: {2, 3}\n",[14,106341,132,106342,106344],{},[17,106343,102466],{}," when you want only the items that appear in both sets.",[141,106346,12640,106348,12643],{"id":106347},"what-the-intersection-method-does",[17,106349,102466],{},[14,106351,106352,106354],{},[17,106353,102466],{}," is a set method that compares one set with another set or iterable and keeps only the shared values.",[14,106356,12696],{},[30,106358,106359,106362,106364,106367],{},[33,106360,106361],{},"It returns a new set with items that exist in both sets",[33,106363,100236],{},[33,106365,106366],{},"It works with values that can be stored in a set",[33,106368,106369],{},"It is useful for finding shared values",[14,106371,95999,106372,25],{},[192,106373,96003],{"href":96002},[141,106375,2024],{"id":2023},[60,106377,106379],{"className":62,"code":106378,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"set1.intersection(set2)\n",[17,106380,106381],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,106382,106383,106385,106387,106389,106391,106393],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,106384,100260],{"class":75},[69,106386,25],{"class":83},[69,106388,106318],{"class":121},[69,106390,113],{"class":83},[69,106392,100269],{"class":121},[69,106394,221],{"class":83},[14,106396,106397],{},"You can also pass more than one argument:",[60,106399,106401],{"className":62,"code":106400,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"set1.intersection(set2, set3)\n",[17,106402,106403],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,106404,106405,106407,106409,106411,106413,106415,106417,106419],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,106406,100260],{"class":75},[69,106408,25],{"class":83},[69,106410,106318],{"class":121},[69,106412,113],{"class":83},[69,106414,100269],{"class":121},[69,106416,91],{"class":83},[69,106418,100296],{"class":121},[69,106420,221],{"class":83},[14,106422,106423],{},"Important notes:",[30,106425,106426,106429,106432],{},[33,106427,106428],{},"The result is always a new set",[33,106430,106431],{},"If there are no shared items, the result is an empty set",[33,106433,106434],{},"You can pass sets or other iterables as arguments",[14,106436,2076],{},[60,106438,106440],{"className":62,"code":106439,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n",[17,106441,106442,106466,106486,106490,106508],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,106443,106444,106446,106448,106450,106452,106454,106456,106458,106460,106462,106464],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,106445,2421],{"class":75},[69,106447,80],{"class":79},[69,106449,10128],{"class":83},[69,106451,473],{"class":87},[69,106453,91],{"class":83},[69,106455,316],{"class":87},[69,106457,91],{"class":83},[69,106459,516],{"class":87},[69,106461,91],{"class":83},[69,106463,2323],{"class":87},[69,106465,8945],{"class":83},[69,106467,106468,106470,106472,106474,106476,106478,106480,106482,106484],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,106469,2449],{"class":75},[69,106471,80],{"class":79},[69,106473,10128],{"class":83},[69,106475,1929],{"class":87},[69,106477,91],{"class":83},[69,106479,2323],{"class":87},[69,106481,91],{"class":83},[69,106483,100],{"class":87},[69,106485,8945],{"class":83},[69,106487,106488],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,106489,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,106491,106492,106494,106496,106498,106500,106502,106504,106506],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,106493,839],{"class":75},[69,106495,80],{"class":79},[69,106497,56557],{"class":75},[69,106499,25],{"class":83},[69,106501,106318],{"class":121},[69,106503,113],{"class":83},[69,106505,4587],{"class":121},[69,106507,221],{"class":83},[69,106509,106510,106512,106514,106516],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,106511,110],{"class":109},[69,106513,113],{"class":83},[69,106515,876],{"class":121},[69,106517,221],{"class":83},[14,106519,643],{},[60,106521,106523],{"className":62,"code":106522,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{3, 4}\n",[17,106524,106525],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,106526,106527,106529,106531,106533,106535],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,106528,8914],{"class":83},[69,106530,1929],{"class":87},[69,106532,91],{"class":83},[69,106534,2323],{"class":87},[69,106536,8945],{"class":83},[141,106538,17067],{"id":17066},[14,106540,106541,21626,106543,25],{},[17,106542,102466],{},[22,106544,1127],{},[14,106546,106547],{},"That returned set contains only the elements that are present in all inputs.",[60,106549,106551],{"className":62,"code":106550,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[17,106552,106553,106573,106593,106597,106615,106619,106629],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,106554,106555,106557,106559,106561,106563,106565,106567,106569,106571],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,106556,2421],{"class":75},[69,106558,80],{"class":79},[69,106560,10128],{"class":83},[69,106562,473],{"class":87},[69,106564,91],{"class":83},[69,106566,316],{"class":87},[69,106568,91],{"class":83},[69,106570,516],{"class":87},[69,106572,8945],{"class":83},[69,106574,106575,106577,106579,106581,106583,106585,106587,106589,106591],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,106576,2449],{"class":75},[69,106578,80],{"class":79},[69,106580,10128],{"class":83},[69,106582,821],{"class":87},[69,106584,91],{"class":83},[69,106586,516],{"class":87},[69,106588,91],{"class":83},[69,106590,2323],{"class":87},[69,106592,8945],{"class":83},[69,106594,106595],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,106596,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,106598,106599,106601,106603,106605,106607,106609,106611,106613],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,106600,839],{"class":75},[69,106602,80],{"class":79},[69,106604,56557],{"class":75},[69,106606,25],{"class":83},[69,106608,106318],{"class":121},[69,106610,113],{"class":83},[69,106612,4587],{"class":121},[69,106614,221],{"class":83},[69,106616,106617],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,106618,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,106620,106621,106623,106625,106627],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,106622,110],{"class":109},[69,106624,113],{"class":83},[69,106626,876],{"class":121},[69,106628,221],{"class":83},[69,106630,106631,106633,106635,106637,106639,106641],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,106632,110],{"class":109},[69,106634,113],{"class":83},[69,106636,3087],{"class":1126},[69,106638,113],{"class":83},[69,106640,876],{"class":121},[69,106642,342],{"class":83},[14,106644,643],{},[60,106646,106648],{"className":62,"code":106647,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[17,106649,106650,106662],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,106651,106652,106654,106656,106658,106660],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,106653,8914],{"class":83},[69,106655,821],{"class":87},[69,106657,91],{"class":83},[69,106659,516],{"class":87},[69,106661,8945],{"class":83},[69,106663,106664,106666,106668,106670,106672,106674],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,106665,852],{"class":79},[69,106667,3158],{"class":1932},[69,106669,3161],{"class":94},[69,106671,1127],{"class":336},[69,106673,488],{"class":94},[69,106675,3168],{"class":79},[14,106677,85484],{},[30,106679,106680,106683],{},[33,106681,106682],{},"The return value is a set, not a list",[33,106684,106685],{},"The order is not guaranteed because sets are unordered",[141,106687,11116],{"id":11115},[14,106689,106690],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets that share some values:",[60,106692,106694],{"className":62,"code":106693,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\", \"blue\"}\n\ncommon_colors = colors1.intersection(colors2)\n\nprint(common_colors)\n",[17,106695,106696,106729,106762,106766,106787,106791],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,106697,106698,106701,106703,106705,106707,106709,106711,106713,106715,106717,106719,106721,106723,106725,106727],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,106699,106700],{"class":75},"colors1 ",[69,106702,80],{"class":79},[69,106704,10128],{"class":83},[69,106706,333],{"class":94},[69,106708,12737],{"class":336},[69,106710,333],{"class":94},[69,106712,91],{"class":83},[69,106714,964],{"class":94},[69,106716,12754],{"class":336},[69,106718,333],{"class":94},[69,106720,91],{"class":83},[69,106722,964],{"class":94},[69,106724,17104],{"class":336},[69,106726,333],{"class":94},[69,106728,8945],{"class":83},[69,106730,106731,106734,106736,106738,106740,106742,106744,106746,106748,106750,106752,106754,106756,106758,106760],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,106732,106733],{"class":75},"colors2 ",[69,106735,80],{"class":79},[69,106737,10128],{"class":83},[69,106739,333],{"class":94},[69,106741,17104],{"class":336},[69,106743,333],{"class":94},[69,106745,91],{"class":83},[69,106747,964],{"class":94},[69,106749,22175],{"class":336},[69,106751,333],{"class":94},[69,106753,91],{"class":83},[69,106755,964],{"class":94},[69,106757,12754],{"class":336},[69,106759,333],{"class":94},[69,106761,8945],{"class":83},[69,106763,106764],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,106765,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,106767,106768,106771,106773,106776,106778,106780,106782,106785],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,106769,106770],{"class":75},"common_colors ",[69,106772,80],{"class":79},[69,106774,106775],{"class":75}," colors1",[69,106777,25],{"class":83},[69,106779,106318],{"class":121},[69,106781,113],{"class":83},[69,106783,106784],{"class":121},"colors2",[69,106786,221],{"class":83},[69,106788,106789],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,106790,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,106792,106793,106795,106797,106800],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,106794,110],{"class":109},[69,106796,113],{"class":83},[69,106798,106799],{"class":121},"common_colors",[69,106801,221],{"class":83},[14,106803,643],{},[60,106805,106807],{"className":62,"code":106806,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'blue', 'green'}\n",[17,106808,106809],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,106810,106811,106813,106815,106817,106819,106821,106823,106825,106827],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,106812,8914],{"class":83},[69,106814,488],{"class":94},[69,106816,12754],{"class":336},[69,106818,488],{"class":94},[69,106820,91],{"class":83},[69,106822,3161],{"class":94},[69,106824,17104],{"class":336},[69,106826,488],{"class":94},[69,106828,8945],{"class":83},[14,106830,11325],{},[30,106832,106833,106839,106843,106848],{},[33,106834,106835,106838],{},[17,106836,106837],{},"colors1"," contains three color names",[33,106840,106841,106838],{},[17,106842,106784],{},[33,106844,106845,106847],{},[17,106846,102466],{}," keeps only the values found in both sets",[33,106849,106850,106851],{},"The result is a new set stored in ",[17,106852,106799],{},[141,106854,8050,106856,100833],{"id":106855},"using-intersection-with-multiple-sets",[17,106857,102466],{},[14,106859,106860,106861,25],{},"You can pass more than two sets or iterables to ",[17,106862,102466],{},[14,106864,106865,106866,106868],{},"Only the values found in ",[22,106867,3579],{}," inputs will be kept.",[60,106870,106872],{"className":62,"code":106871,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {2, 3, 4, 5}\nc = {3, 4, 6}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[17,106873,106874,106898,106922,106942,106946,106968],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,106875,106876,106878,106880,106882,106884,106886,106888,106890,106892,106894,106896],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,106877,2421],{"class":75},[69,106879,80],{"class":79},[69,106881,10128],{"class":83},[69,106883,473],{"class":87},[69,106885,91],{"class":83},[69,106887,316],{"class":87},[69,106889,91],{"class":83},[69,106891,516],{"class":87},[69,106893,91],{"class":83},[69,106895,2323],{"class":87},[69,106897,8945],{"class":83},[69,106899,106900,106902,106904,106906,106908,106910,106912,106914,106916,106918,106920],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,106901,2449],{"class":75},[69,106903,80],{"class":79},[69,106905,10128],{"class":83},[69,106907,821],{"class":87},[69,106909,91],{"class":83},[69,106911,516],{"class":87},[69,106913,91],{"class":83},[69,106915,2323],{"class":87},[69,106917,91],{"class":83},[69,106919,100],{"class":87},[69,106921,8945],{"class":83},[69,106923,106924,106926,106928,106930,106932,106934,106936,106938,106940],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,106925,82858],{"class":75},[69,106927,80],{"class":79},[69,106929,10128],{"class":83},[69,106931,1929],{"class":87},[69,106933,91],{"class":83},[69,106935,2323],{"class":87},[69,106937,91],{"class":83},[69,106939,37305],{"class":87},[69,106941,8945],{"class":83},[69,106943,106944],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,106945,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,106947,106948,106950,106952,106954,106956,106958,106960,106962,106964,106966],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,106949,839],{"class":75},[69,106951,80],{"class":79},[69,106953,56557],{"class":75},[69,106955,25],{"class":83},[69,106957,106318],{"class":121},[69,106959,113],{"class":83},[69,106961,4587],{"class":121},[69,106963,91],{"class":83},[69,106965,9318],{"class":121},[69,106967,221],{"class":83},[69,106969,106970,106972,106974,106976],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,106971,110],{"class":109},[69,106973,113],{"class":83},[69,106975,876],{"class":121},[69,106977,221],{"class":83},[14,106979,643],{},[60,106981,106982],{"className":62,"code":106522,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,106983,106984],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,106985,106986,106988,106990,106992,106994],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,106987,8914],{"class":83},[69,106989,1929],{"class":87},[69,106991,91],{"class":83},[69,106993,2323],{"class":87},[69,106995,8945],{"class":83},[14,106997,106998],{},"This is useful when you want to check which items are shared across many groups.",[14,107000,107001],{},"You can also pass other iterables:",[60,107003,107005],{"className":62,"code":107004,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection([2, 4, 6], (1, 2, 4))\nprint(result)\n",[17,107006,107007,107031,107035,107075],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,107008,107009,107011,107013,107015,107017,107019,107021,107023,107025,107027,107029],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,107010,2421],{"class":75},[69,107012,80],{"class":79},[69,107014,10128],{"class":83},[69,107016,473],{"class":87},[69,107018,91],{"class":83},[69,107020,316],{"class":87},[69,107022,91],{"class":83},[69,107024,516],{"class":87},[69,107026,91],{"class":83},[69,107028,2323],{"class":87},[69,107030,8945],{"class":83},[69,107032,107033],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,107034,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,107036,107037,107039,107041,107043,107045,107047,107049,107051,107053,107055,107057,107059,107061,107063,107065,107067,107069,107071,107073],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,107038,839],{"class":75},[69,107040,80],{"class":79},[69,107042,56557],{"class":75},[69,107044,25],{"class":83},[69,107046,106318],{"class":121},[69,107048,260],{"class":83},[69,107050,821],{"class":87},[69,107052,91],{"class":83},[69,107054,2323],{"class":87},[69,107056,91],{"class":83},[69,107058,37305],{"class":87},[69,107060,17711],{"class":83},[69,107062,8872],{"class":83},[69,107064,473],{"class":87},[69,107066,91],{"class":83},[69,107068,316],{"class":87},[69,107070,91],{"class":83},[69,107072,2323],{"class":87},[69,107074,342],{"class":83},[69,107076,107077,107079,107081,107083],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,107078,110],{"class":109},[69,107080,113],{"class":83},[69,107082,876],{"class":121},[69,107084,221],{"class":83},[14,107086,643],{},[60,107088,107090],{"className":62,"code":107089,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{2, 4}\n",[17,107091,107092],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,107093,107094,107096,107098,107100,107102],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,107095,8914],{"class":83},[69,107097,821],{"class":87},[69,107099,91],{"class":83},[69,107101,2323],{"class":87},[69,107103,8945],{"class":83},[141,107105,107107,10223,107109],{"id":107106},"intersection-vs-intersection_update",[17,107108,102466],{},[17,107110,107111],{},"intersection_update()",[14,107113,101003],{},[1369,107115,107116],{"id":106318},[17,107117,102466],{},[30,107119,107120,107122],{},[33,107121,101012],{},[33,107123,101015],{},[60,107125,107127],{"className":62,"code":107126,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(a)\nprint(result)\n",[17,107128,107129,107149,107169,107173,107191,107195,107205],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,107130,107131,107133,107135,107137,107139,107141,107143,107145,107147],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,107132,2421],{"class":75},[69,107134,80],{"class":79},[69,107136,10128],{"class":83},[69,107138,473],{"class":87},[69,107140,91],{"class":83},[69,107142,316],{"class":87},[69,107144,91],{"class":83},[69,107146,516],{"class":87},[69,107148,8945],{"class":83},[69,107150,107151,107153,107155,107157,107159,107161,107163,107165,107167],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,107152,2449],{"class":75},[69,107154,80],{"class":79},[69,107156,10128],{"class":83},[69,107158,821],{"class":87},[69,107160,91],{"class":83},[69,107162,516],{"class":87},[69,107164,91],{"class":83},[69,107166,2323],{"class":87},[69,107168,8945],{"class":83},[69,107170,107171],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,107172,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,107174,107175,107177,107179,107181,107183,107185,107187,107189],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,107176,839],{"class":75},[69,107178,80],{"class":79},[69,107180,56557],{"class":75},[69,107182,25],{"class":83},[69,107184,106318],{"class":121},[69,107186,113],{"class":83},[69,107188,4587],{"class":121},[69,107190,221],{"class":83},[69,107192,107193],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,107194,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,107196,107197,107199,107201,107203],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,107198,110],{"class":109},[69,107200,113],{"class":83},[69,107202,192],{"class":121},[69,107204,221],{"class":83},[69,107206,107207,107209,107211,107213],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,107208,110],{"class":109},[69,107210,113],{"class":83},[69,107212,876],{"class":121},[69,107214,221],{"class":83},[14,107216,643],{},[60,107218,107220],{"className":62,"code":107219,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n",[17,107221,107222,107238],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,107223,107224,107226,107228,107230,107232,107234,107236],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,107225,8914],{"class":83},[69,107227,473],{"class":87},[69,107229,91],{"class":83},[69,107231,316],{"class":87},[69,107233,91],{"class":83},[69,107235,516],{"class":87},[69,107237,8945],{"class":83},[69,107239,107240,107242,107244,107246,107248],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,107241,8914],{"class":83},[69,107243,821],{"class":87},[69,107245,91],{"class":83},[69,107247,516],{"class":87},[69,107249,8945],{"class":83},[1369,107251,107253],{"id":107252},"intersection_update",[17,107254,107111],{},[30,107256,107257,107259],{},[33,107258,101155],{},[33,107260,107261],{},"Does not create a separate result set",[60,107263,107265],{"className":62,"code":107264,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\na.intersection_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[17,107266,107267,107287,107307,107311,107325,107329],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,107268,107269,107271,107273,107275,107277,107279,107281,107283,107285],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,107270,2421],{"class":75},[69,107272,80],{"class":79},[69,107274,10128],{"class":83},[69,107276,473],{"class":87},[69,107278,91],{"class":83},[69,107280,316],{"class":87},[69,107282,91],{"class":83},[69,107284,516],{"class":87},[69,107286,8945],{"class":83},[69,107288,107289,107291,107293,107295,107297,107299,107301,107303,107305],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,107290,2449],{"class":75},[69,107292,80],{"class":79},[69,107294,10128],{"class":83},[69,107296,821],{"class":87},[69,107298,91],{"class":83},[69,107300,516],{"class":87},[69,107302,91],{"class":83},[69,107304,2323],{"class":87},[69,107306,8945],{"class":83},[69,107308,107309],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,107310,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,107312,107313,107315,107317,107319,107321,107323],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,107314,192],{"class":75},[69,107316,25],{"class":83},[69,107318,107252],{"class":121},[69,107320,113],{"class":83},[69,107322,4587],{"class":121},[69,107324,221],{"class":83},[69,107326,107327],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,107328,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,107330,107331,107333,107335,107337],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,107332,110],{"class":109},[69,107334,113],{"class":83},[69,107336,192],{"class":121},[69,107338,221],{"class":83},[14,107340,643],{},[60,107342,107344],{"className":62,"code":107343,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{2, 3}\n",[17,107345,107346],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,107347,107348,107350,107352,107354,107356],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,107349,8914],{"class":83},[69,107351,821],{"class":87},[69,107353,91],{"class":83},[69,107355,516],{"class":87},[69,107357,8945],{"class":83},[14,107359,107360,107361,107363],{},"Choose ",[17,107362,102466],{}," when you want to keep the original data unchanged.",[141,107365,1362],{"id":1361},[14,107367,14379,107368,1044],{},[17,107369,102466],{},[30,107371,107372,107375,107378,107381],{},[33,107373,107374],{},"Expecting a list instead of a set",[33,107376,107377],{},"Assuming the output order will match the input order",[33,107379,107380],{},"Forgetting that duplicates are removed in sets",[33,107382,107383,107384],{},"Thinking the original set changes after calling ",[17,107385,102466],{},[14,107387,107388],{},"These are also common causes of confusion:",[30,107390,107391,107396,107399,107412],{},[33,107392,8050,107393,107395],{},[17,107394,102466],{}," when order matters",[33,107397,107398],{},"Using sets with duplicate values and expecting duplicates in the result",[33,107400,36865,107401,8339,107403,54,107408],{},[17,107402,102466],{},[192,107404,107406],{"href":107405},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method",[17,107407,102474],{},[192,107409,107410],{"href":102515},[17,107411,100089],{},[33,107413,107414],{},"Expecting the method to update the original set",[14,107416,29790],{},[60,107418,107420],{"className":62,"code":107419,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(set1.intersection(set2))\nprint(len(result))\n",[17,107421,107422,107432,107446,107464],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,107423,107424,107426,107428,107430],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,107425,110],{"class":109},[69,107427,113],{"class":83},[69,107429,15313],{"class":121},[69,107431,221],{"class":83},[69,107433,107434,107436,107438,107440,107442,107444],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,107435,110],{"class":109},[69,107437,113],{"class":83},[69,107439,3087],{"class":1126},[69,107441,113],{"class":83},[69,107443,876],{"class":121},[69,107445,342],{"class":83},[69,107447,107448,107450,107452,107454,107456,107458,107460,107462],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,107449,110],{"class":109},[69,107451,113],{"class":83},[69,107453,100260],{"class":121},[69,107455,25],{"class":83},[69,107457,106318],{"class":121},[69,107459,113],{"class":83},[69,107461,100269],{"class":121},[69,107463,342],{"class":83},[69,107465,107466,107468,107470,107472,107474,107476],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,107467,110],{"class":109},[69,107469,113],{"class":83},[69,107471,10801],{"class":109},[69,107473,113],{"class":83},[69,107475,876],{"class":121},[69,107477,342],{"class":83},[14,107479,2076],{},[60,107481,107483],{"className":62,"code":107482,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3}\nother = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = numbers.intersection(other)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(len(result))\n",[17,107484,107485,107509,107529,107533,107551,107555,107565,107575,107589],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,107486,107487,107489,107491,107493,107495,107497,107499,107501,107503,107505,107507],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,107488,801],{"class":75},[69,107490,80],{"class":79},[69,107492,10128],{"class":83},[69,107494,473],{"class":87},[69,107496,91],{"class":83},[69,107498,316],{"class":87},[69,107500,91],{"class":83},[69,107502,316],{"class":87},[69,107504,91],{"class":83},[69,107506,516],{"class":87},[69,107508,8945],{"class":83},[69,107510,107511,107513,107515,107517,107519,107521,107523,107525,107527],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,107512,43214],{"class":75},[69,107514,80],{"class":79},[69,107516,10128],{"class":83},[69,107518,821],{"class":87},[69,107520,91],{"class":83},[69,107522,516],{"class":87},[69,107524,91],{"class":83},[69,107526,2323],{"class":87},[69,107528,8945],{"class":83},[69,107530,107531],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,107532,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,107534,107535,107537,107539,107541,107543,107545,107547,107549],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,107536,839],{"class":75},[69,107538,80],{"class":79},[69,107540,865],{"class":75},[69,107542,25],{"class":83},[69,107544,106318],{"class":121},[69,107546,113],{"class":83},[69,107548,30398],{"class":121},[69,107550,221],{"class":83},[69,107552,107553],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,107554,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,107556,107557,107559,107561,107563],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,107558,110],{"class":109},[69,107560,113],{"class":83},[69,107562,3512],{"class":121},[69,107564,221],{"class":83},[69,107566,107567,107569,107571,107573],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,107568,110],{"class":109},[69,107570,113],{"class":83},[69,107572,876],{"class":121},[69,107574,221],{"class":83},[69,107576,107577,107579,107581,107583,107585,107587],{"class":71,"line":1269},[69,107578,110],{"class":109},[69,107580,113],{"class":83},[69,107582,3087],{"class":1126},[69,107584,113],{"class":83},[69,107586,876],{"class":121},[69,107588,342],{"class":83},[69,107590,107591,107593,107595,107597,107599,107601],{"class":71,"line":1275},[69,107592,110],{"class":109},[69,107594,113],{"class":83},[69,107596,10801],{"class":109},[69,107598,113],{"class":83},[69,107600,876],{"class":121},[69,107602,342],{"class":83},[14,107604,643],{},[60,107606,107608],{"className":62,"code":107607,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n2\n",[17,107609,107610,107626,107638,107652],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,107611,107612,107614,107616,107618,107620,107622,107624],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,107613,8914],{"class":83},[69,107615,473],{"class":87},[69,107617,91],{"class":83},[69,107619,316],{"class":87},[69,107621,91],{"class":83},[69,107623,516],{"class":87},[69,107625,8945],{"class":83},[69,107627,107628,107630,107632,107634,107636],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,107629,8914],{"class":83},[69,107631,821],{"class":87},[69,107633,91],{"class":83},[69,107635,516],{"class":87},[69,107637,8945],{"class":83},[69,107639,107640,107642,107644,107646,107648,107650],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,107641,852],{"class":79},[69,107643,3158],{"class":1932},[69,107645,3161],{"class":94},[69,107647,1127],{"class":336},[69,107649,488],{"class":94},[69,107651,3168],{"class":79},[69,107653,107654],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,107655,16704],{"class":87},[14,107657,107658,107659,107661],{},"Notice that the duplicate ",[17,107660,821],{}," does not appear twice, because sets automatically remove duplicates.",[141,107663,1651],{"id":1650},[1369,107665,12347,107667,102414],{"id":107666},"does-intersection-change-the-original-set",[17,107668,102466],{},[14,107670,102417],{},[1369,107672,4996,107674,107676],{"id":107673},"can-intersection-be-used-with-more-than-two-sets",[17,107675,102466],{}," be used with more than two sets?",[14,107678,107679],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables, and it keeps only items found in all of them.",[1369,107681,107683],{"id":107682},"why-is-the-result-in-a-different-order","Why is the result in a different order?",[14,107685,107686],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so their display order is not guaranteed.",[1369,107688,107690],{"id":107689},"what-happens-if-there-are-no-common-items","What happens if there are no common items?",[14,107692,107693],{},"The method returns an empty set:",[60,107695,107696],{"className":62,"code":97133,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,107697,107698],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,107699,107700,107702],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,107701,1127],{"class":1126},[69,107703,8277],{"class":83},[141,107705,1771],{"id":1770},[30,107707,107708,107712,107719,107725],{},[33,107709,107710],{},[192,107711,96003],{"href":96002},[33,107713,107714],{},[192,107715,3441,107716,10379],{"href":107405},[17,107717,107718],{},"set.union()",[33,107720,107721],{},[192,107722,3441,107723,10379],{"href":102515},[17,107724,100094],{},[33,107726,107727],{},[192,107728,100019],{"href":105018},[1802,107730,107731],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":107733},[107734,107736,107737,107738,107739,107741,107746,107747,107755],{"id":106347,"depth":106,"text":107735},"What the intersection() method does",{"id":2023,"depth":106,"text":2024},{"id":17066,"depth":106,"text":17067},{"id":11115,"depth":106,"text":11116},{"id":106855,"depth":106,"text":107740},"Using intersection() with multiple sets",{"id":107106,"depth":106,"text":107742,"children":107743},"intersection() vs intersection_update()",[107744,107745],{"id":106318,"depth":300,"text":102466},{"id":107252,"depth":300,"text":107111},{"id":1361,"depth":106,"text":1362},{"id":1650,"depth":106,"text":1651,"children":107748},[107749,107751,107753,107754],{"id":107666,"depth":300,"text":107750},"Does intersection() change the original set?",{"id":107673,"depth":300,"text":107752},"Can intersection() be used with more than two sets?",{"id":107682,"depth":300,"text":107683},{"id":107689,"depth":300,"text":107690},{"id":1770,"depth":106,"text":1771},"Master python set intersection method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method",{"title":106240,"description":107756},"reference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method","WdT5ZeMbzzTuqFC6QHuwvJILep4wDplT8MIltw8e0fg",{"id":107763,"title":107764,"body":107765,"description":109001,"extension":1828,"meta":109002,"navigation":833,"path":109003,"seo":109004,"stem":109005,"__hash__":109006},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method.md","Python Set pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":107766,"toc":108968},[107767,107772,107778,107787,107789,107864,107869,107884,107894,107899,107903,107916,107920,107922,107937,107939,107955,107957,108032,108036,108039,108041,108058,108063,108118,108123,108135,108139,108142,108243,108245,108286,108289,108293,108300,108302,108327,108330,108348,108355,108361,108364,108446,108453,108456,108536,108545,108548,108553,108557,108571,108620,108625,108629,108640,108689,108700,108705,108709,108721,108770,108781,108783,108787,108810,108812,108869,108871,108885,108887,108893,108899,108905,108914,108918,108925,108929,108937,108939,108965],[10,107768,95875,107770,10962],{"id":107769},"python-set-pop-method",[17,107771,12406],{},[14,107773,107774,107777],{},[17,107775,107776],{},"set.pop()"," removes and returns one item from a set.",[14,107779,107780,107781,107783,107784,107786],{},"This method is useful when you want to take out any item, but you do ",[22,107782,4457],{}," care which one. That is important because sets are unordered, so ",[17,107785,12406],{}," does not remove an item by position.",[141,107788,1870],{"id":1869},[60,107790,107792],{"className":62,"code":107791,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nremoved = items.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(items)\n",[17,107793,107794,107826,107840,107844,107854],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,107795,107796,107798,107800,107802,107804,107806,107808,107810,107812,107814,107816,107818,107820,107822,107824],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,107797,7409],{"class":75},[69,107799,80],{"class":79},[69,107801,10128],{"class":83},[69,107803,333],{"class":94},[69,107805,952],{"class":336},[69,107807,333],{"class":94},[69,107809,91],{"class":83},[69,107811,964],{"class":94},[69,107813,967],{"class":336},[69,107815,333],{"class":94},[69,107817,91],{"class":83},[69,107819,964],{"class":94},[69,107821,3930],{"class":336},[69,107823,333],{"class":94},[69,107825,8945],{"class":83},[69,107827,107828,107830,107832,107834,107836,107838],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,107829,69606],{"class":75},[69,107831,80],{"class":79},[69,107833,783],{"class":75},[69,107835,25],{"class":83},[69,107837,25894],{"class":121},[69,107839,8277],{"class":83},[69,107841,107842],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,107843,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,107845,107846,107848,107850,107852],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,107847,110],{"class":109},[69,107849,113],{"class":83},[69,107851,69629],{"class":121},[69,107853,221],{"class":83},[69,107855,107856,107858,107860,107862],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,107857,110],{"class":109},[69,107859,113],{"class":83},[69,107861,7440],{"class":121},[69,107863,221],{"class":83},[14,107865,107866],{},[22,107867,107868],{},"What this does:",[30,107870,107871,107876,107881],{},[33,107872,107873,107874],{},"Removes one item from ",[17,107875,7440],{},[33,107877,107878,107879],{},"Stores that removed item in ",[17,107880,69629],{},[33,107882,107883],{},"Prints the removed item and the updated set",[14,107885,107886,88635,107888,107890,107891,107893],{},[22,107887,83493],{},[17,107889,107776],{}," removes and returns one item from the set. The removed item is ",[22,107892,4457],{}," chosen by index.",[141,107895,3540,107897,3543],{"id":107896},"what-setpop-does",[17,107898,107776],{},[14,107900,107901,1044],{},[17,107902,107776],{},[30,107904,107905,107907,107910,107913],{},[33,107906,102717],{},[33,107908,107909],{},"Returns the removed item",[33,107911,107912],{},"Works only on non-empty sets",[33,107914,107915],{},"Does not take an index or value argument",[14,107917,95999,107918,25],{},[192,107919,96003],{"href":97174},[141,107921,2024],{"id":2023},[60,107923,107925],{"className":62,"code":107924,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_set.pop()\n",[17,107926,107927],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,107928,107929,107931,107933,107935],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,107930,15313],{"class":75},[69,107932,25],{"class":83},[69,107934,25894],{"class":121},[69,107936,8277],{"class":83},[14,107938,12696],{},[30,107940,107941,107947,107952],{},[33,107942,107943,107944],{},"The syntax is ",[17,107945,107946],{},"my_set.pop()",[33,107948,107949,107950],{},"It takes ",[22,107951,28342],{},[33,107953,107954],{},"If you need the removed item, save the return value in a variable",[14,107956,2076],{},[60,107958,107960],{"className":62,"code":107959,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nitem = colors.pop()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(colors)\n",[17,107961,107962,107994,108008,108012,108022],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,107963,107964,107966,107968,107970,107972,107974,107976,107978,107980,107982,107984,107986,107988,107990,107992],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,107965,12720],{"class":75},[69,107967,80],{"class":79},[69,107969,10128],{"class":83},[69,107971,333],{"class":94},[69,107973,12737],{"class":336},[69,107975,333],{"class":94},[69,107977,91],{"class":83},[69,107979,964],{"class":94},[69,107981,12754],{"class":336},[69,107983,333],{"class":94},[69,107985,91],{"class":83},[69,107987,964],{"class":94},[69,107989,17104],{"class":336},[69,107991,333],{"class":94},[69,107993,8945],{"class":83},[69,107995,107996,107998,108000,108002,108004,108006],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,107997,28192],{"class":75},[69,107999,80],{"class":79},[69,108001,12768],{"class":75},[69,108003,25],{"class":83},[69,108005,25894],{"class":121},[69,108007,8277],{"class":83},[69,108009,108010],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,108011,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,108013,108014,108016,108018,108020],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,108015,110],{"class":109},[69,108017,113],{"class":83},[69,108019,22962],{"class":121},[69,108021,221],{"class":83},[69,108023,108024,108026,108028,108030],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,108025,110],{"class":109},[69,108027,113],{"class":83},[69,108029,17151],{"class":121},[69,108031,221],{"class":83},[141,108033,108035],{"id":108034},"important-behavior-to-understand","Important behavior to understand",[14,108037,108038],{},"Sets are unordered collections.",[14,108040,1974],{},[30,108042,108043,108049,108052],{},[33,108044,108045,108046,108048],{},"You cannot choose which item ",[17,108047,12406],{}," removes",[33,108050,108051],{},"The removed item may seem different across runs",[33,108053,108054,108055,108057],{},"You should not use ",[17,108056,12406],{}," when you need to remove a specific value",[14,108059,10098,108060,108062],{},[22,108061,4457],{}," valid:",[60,108064,108066],{"className":62,"code":108065,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nfruits.pop(\"apple\")\n",[17,108067,108068,108100],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,108069,108070,108072,108074,108076,108078,108080,108082,108084,108086,108088,108090,108092,108094,108096,108098],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,108071,35899],{"class":75},[69,108073,80],{"class":79},[69,108075,10128],{"class":83},[69,108077,333],{"class":94},[69,108079,952],{"class":336},[69,108081,333],{"class":94},[69,108083,91],{"class":83},[69,108085,964],{"class":94},[69,108087,967],{"class":336},[69,108089,333],{"class":94},[69,108091,91],{"class":83},[69,108093,964],{"class":94},[69,108095,3930],{"class":336},[69,108097,333],{"class":94},[69,108099,8945],{"class":83},[69,108101,108102,108104,108106,108108,108110,108112,108114,108116],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,108103,35951],{"class":75},[69,108105,25],{"class":83},[69,108107,25894],{"class":121},[69,108109,113],{"class":83},[69,108111,333],{"class":94},[69,108113,952],{"class":336},[69,108115,333],{"class":94},[69,108117,221],{"class":83},[14,108119,39316,108120,108122],{},[17,108121,107776],{}," does not accept a value.",[14,108124,108125,108126,54,108130,25],{},"If you want to remove a specific item, use ",[192,108127,108128],{"href":97884},[17,108129,102543],{},[192,108131,108133],{"href":108132},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method\u002F",[17,108134,102534],{},[141,108136,108138],{"id":108137},"example-remove-one-item","Example: remove one item",[14,108140,108141],{},"Here is a simple example:",[60,108143,108145],{"className":62,"code":108144,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"animals = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"rabbit\"}\n\nremoved_animal = animals.pop()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_animal)\nprint(\"Updated set:\", animals)\n",[17,108146,108147,108181,108185,108201,108205,108224],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,108148,108149,108152,108154,108156,108158,108160,108162,108164,108166,108168,108170,108172,108174,108177,108179],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,108150,108151],{"class":75},"animals ",[69,108153,80],{"class":79},[69,108155,10128],{"class":83},[69,108157,333],{"class":94},[69,108159,36708],{"class":336},[69,108161,333],{"class":94},[69,108163,91],{"class":83},[69,108165,964],{"class":94},[69,108167,57797],{"class":336},[69,108169,333],{"class":94},[69,108171,91],{"class":83},[69,108173,964],{"class":94},[69,108175,108176],{"class":336},"rabbit",[69,108178,333],{"class":94},[69,108180,8945],{"class":83},[69,108182,108183],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,108184,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,108186,108187,108190,108192,108195,108197,108199],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,108188,108189],{"class":75},"removed_animal ",[69,108191,80],{"class":79},[69,108193,108194],{"class":75}," animals",[69,108196,25],{"class":83},[69,108198,25894],{"class":121},[69,108200,8277],{"class":83},[69,108202,108203],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,108204,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,108206,108207,108209,108211,108213,108215,108217,108219,108222],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,108208,110],{"class":109},[69,108210,113],{"class":83},[69,108212,333],{"class":94},[69,108214,28610],{"class":336},[69,108216,333],{"class":94},[69,108218,91],{"class":83},[69,108220,108221],{"class":121}," removed_animal",[69,108223,221],{"class":83},[69,108225,108226,108228,108230,108232,108235,108237,108239,108241],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,108227,110],{"class":109},[69,108229,113],{"class":83},[69,108231,333],{"class":94},[69,108233,108234],{"class":336},"Updated set:",[69,108236,333],{"class":94},[69,108238,91],{"class":83},[69,108240,108194],{"class":121},[69,108242,221],{"class":83},[14,108244,29684],{},[60,108246,108248],{"className":62,"code":108247,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Removed: dog\nUpdated set: {'cat', 'rabbit'}\n",[17,108249,108250,108259],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,108251,108252,108254,108256],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,108253,28652],{"class":75},[69,108255,1044],{"class":83},[69,108257,108258],{"class":75}," dog\n",[69,108260,108261,108264,108266,108268,108270,108272,108274,108276,108278,108280,108282,108284],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,108262,108263],{"class":75},"Updated ",[69,108265,1127],{"class":1126},[69,108267,1044],{"class":83},[69,108269,10128],{"class":83},[69,108271,488],{"class":94},[69,108273,36708],{"class":336},[69,108275,488],{"class":94},[69,108277,91],{"class":83},[69,108279,3161],{"class":94},[69,108281,108176],{"class":336},[69,108283,488],{"class":94},[69,108285,8945],{"class":83},[14,108287,108288],{},"Your output may be different because sets do not guarantee order.",[141,108290,108292],{"id":108291},"what-happens-with-an-empty-set","What happens with an empty set",[14,108294,29304,108295,108297,108298,25],{},[17,108296,12406],{}," on an empty set raises a ",[17,108299,19337],{},[14,108301,2076],{},[60,108303,108305],{"className":62,"code":108304,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = set()\nitems.pop()\n",[17,108306,108307,108317],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,108308,108309,108311,108313,108315],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,108310,7409],{"class":75},[69,108312,80],{"class":79},[69,108314,15280],{"class":1126},[69,108316,8277],{"class":83},[69,108318,108319,108321,108323,108325],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,108320,7440],{"class":75},[69,108322,25],{"class":83},[69,108324,25894],{"class":121},[69,108326,8277],{"class":83},[14,108328,108329],{},"This raises:",[60,108331,108333],{"className":62,"code":108332,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"KeyError: 'pop from an empty set'\n",[17,108334,108335],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,108336,108337,108339,108341,108343,108346],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,108338,19337],{"class":1126},[69,108340,1044],{"class":83},[69,108342,3161],{"class":94},[69,108344,108345],{"class":336},"pop from an empty set",[69,108347,29354],{"class":94},[14,108349,108350,108351,108354],{},"If needed, you can learn more about this kind of problem on the ",[192,108352,108353],{"href":10713},"KeyError in Python causes and fixes"," page.",[1369,108356,108358,108359],{"id":108357},"check-before-calling-pop","Check before calling ",[17,108360,12406],{},[14,108362,108363],{},"A simple way to avoid the error is to check whether the set has items:",[60,108365,108367],{"className":62,"code":108366,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = set()\n\nif items:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nelse:\n    print(\"The set is empty.\")\n",[17,108368,108369,108379,108383,108391,108406,108425,108431],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,108370,108371,108373,108375,108377],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,108372,7409],{"class":75},[69,108374,80],{"class":79},[69,108376,15280],{"class":1126},[69,108378,8277],{"class":83},[69,108380,108381],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,108382,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,108384,108385,108387,108389],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,108386,6625],{"class":773},[69,108388,783],{"class":75},[69,108390,1235],{"class":83},[69,108392,108393,108396,108398,108400,108402,108404],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,108394,108395],{"class":75},"    removed ",[69,108397,80],{"class":79},[69,108399,783],{"class":75},[69,108401,25],{"class":83},[69,108403,25894],{"class":121},[69,108405,8277],{"class":83},[69,108407,108408,108410,108412,108414,108416,108418,108420,108423],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,108409,7700],{"class":109},[69,108411,113],{"class":83},[69,108413,333],{"class":94},[69,108415,28610],{"class":336},[69,108417,333],{"class":94},[69,108419,91],{"class":83},[69,108421,108422],{"class":121}," removed",[69,108424,221],{"class":83},[69,108426,108427,108429],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,108428,27087],{"class":773},[69,108430,1235],{"class":83},[69,108432,108433,108435,108437,108439,108442,108444],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,108434,7700],{"class":109},[69,108436,113],{"class":83},[69,108438,333],{"class":94},[69,108440,108441],{"class":336},"The set is empty.",[69,108443,333],{"class":94},[69,108445,221],{"class":83},[1369,108447,132,108449,587,108451],{"id":108448},"use-try-and-except",[17,108450,29458],{},[17,108452,29489],{},[14,108454,108455],{},"You can also handle the error directly:",[60,108457,108459],{"className":62,"code":108458,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = set()\n\ntry:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot pop from an empty set.\")\n",[17,108460,108461,108471,108475,108481,108495,108513,108521],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,108462,108463,108465,108467,108469],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,108464,7409],{"class":75},[69,108466,80],{"class":79},[69,108468,15280],{"class":1126},[69,108470,8277],{"class":83},[69,108472,108473],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,108474,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,108476,108477,108479],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,108478,29458],{"class":773},[69,108480,1235],{"class":83},[69,108482,108483,108485,108487,108489,108491,108493],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,108484,108395],{"class":75},[69,108486,80],{"class":79},[69,108488,783],{"class":75},[69,108490,25],{"class":83},[69,108492,25894],{"class":121},[69,108494,8277],{"class":83},[69,108496,108497,108499,108501,108503,108505,108507,108509,108511],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,108498,7700],{"class":109},[69,108500,113],{"class":83},[69,108502,333],{"class":94},[69,108504,28610],{"class":336},[69,108506,333],{"class":94},[69,108508,91],{"class":83},[69,108510,108422],{"class":121},[69,108512,221],{"class":83},[69,108514,108515,108517,108519],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,108516,29489],{"class":773},[69,108518,29492],{"class":1126},[69,108520,1235],{"class":83},[69,108522,108523,108525,108527,108529,108532,108534],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,108524,7700],{"class":109},[69,108526,113],{"class":83},[69,108528,333],{"class":94},[69,108530,108531],{"class":336},"Cannot pop from an empty set.",[69,108533,333],{"class":94},[69,108535,221],{"class":83},[141,108537,4788,108539,10223,108541,10223,108543],{"id":108538},"when-to-use-pop-vs-remove-vs-discard",[17,108540,12406],{},[17,108542,55198],{},[17,108544,102529],{},[14,108546,108547],{},"These three methods all remove items from a set, but they are used in different situations.",[1369,108549,132,108551],{"id":108550},"use-pop",[17,108552,12406],{},[14,108554,132,108555,10239],{},[17,108556,12406],{},[30,108558,108559,108565,108568],{},[33,108560,108561,108562],{},"You want to remove ",[22,108563,108564],{},"any one item",[33,108566,108567],{},"You do not care which item is removed",[33,108569,108570],{},"You want the removed item returned",[60,108572,108574],{"className":62,"code":108573,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nvalue = numbers.pop()\nprint(value)\n",[17,108575,108576,108596,108610],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,108577,108578,108580,108582,108584,108586,108588,108590,108592,108594],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,108579,801],{"class":75},[69,108581,80],{"class":79},[69,108583,10128],{"class":83},[69,108585,473],{"class":87},[69,108587,91],{"class":83},[69,108589,316],{"class":87},[69,108591,91],{"class":83},[69,108593,516],{"class":87},[69,108595,8945],{"class":83},[69,108597,108598,108600,108602,108604,108606,108608],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,108599,2313],{"class":75},[69,108601,80],{"class":79},[69,108603,865],{"class":75},[69,108605,25],{"class":83},[69,108607,25894],{"class":121},[69,108609,8277],{"class":83},[69,108611,108612,108614,108616,108618],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,108613,110],{"class":109},[69,108615,113],{"class":83},[69,108617,2339],{"class":121},[69,108619,221],{"class":83},[1369,108621,132,108623],{"id":108622},"use-remove",[17,108624,55198],{},[14,108626,132,108627,10239],{},[17,108628,55198],{},[30,108630,108631,108637],{},[33,108632,108633,108634],{},"You want to delete a ",[22,108635,108636],{},"specific item",[33,108638,108639],{},"You expect that item to be in the set",[60,108641,108643],{"className":62,"code":108642,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.remove(2)\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,108644,108645,108665,108679],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,108646,108647,108649,108651,108653,108655,108657,108659,108661,108663],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,108648,801],{"class":75},[69,108650,80],{"class":79},[69,108652,10128],{"class":83},[69,108654,473],{"class":87},[69,108656,91],{"class":83},[69,108658,316],{"class":87},[69,108660,91],{"class":83},[69,108662,516],{"class":87},[69,108664,8945],{"class":83},[69,108666,108667,108669,108671,108673,108675,108677],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,108668,3512],{"class":75},[69,108670,25],{"class":83},[69,108672,34452],{"class":121},[69,108674,113],{"class":83},[69,108676,821],{"class":87},[69,108678,221],{"class":83},[69,108680,108681,108683,108685,108687],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,108682,110],{"class":109},[69,108684,113],{"class":83},[69,108686,3512],{"class":121},[69,108688,221],{"class":83},[14,108690,108691,108692,108694,108695,108699],{},"If the item is missing, ",[17,108693,55198],{}," raises an error. See the ",[192,108696,108697,10379],{"href":97884},[17,108698,102543],{}," for details.",[1369,108701,132,108703],{"id":108702},"use-discard",[17,108704,102529],{},[14,108706,132,108707,10239],{},[17,108708,102529],{},[30,108710,108711,108715],{},[33,108712,108633,108713],{},[22,108714,108636],{},[33,108716,108717,108718,108720],{},"You do ",[22,108719,4457],{}," want an error if the item is missing",[60,108722,108724],{"className":62,"code":108723,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(5)\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,108725,108726,108746,108760],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,108727,108728,108730,108732,108734,108736,108738,108740,108742,108744],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,108729,801],{"class":75},[69,108731,80],{"class":79},[69,108733,10128],{"class":83},[69,108735,473],{"class":87},[69,108737,91],{"class":83},[69,108739,316],{"class":87},[69,108741,91],{"class":83},[69,108743,516],{"class":87},[69,108745,8945],{"class":83},[69,108747,108748,108750,108752,108754,108756,108758],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,108749,3512],{"class":75},[69,108751,25],{"class":83},[69,108753,102596],{"class":121},[69,108755,113],{"class":83},[69,108757,670],{"class":87},[69,108759,221],{"class":83},[69,108761,108762,108764,108766,108768],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,108763,110],{"class":109},[69,108765,113],{"class":83},[69,108767,3512],{"class":121},[69,108769,221],{"class":83},[14,108771,108772,108773,108775,108776,108780],{},"This does nothing if ",[17,108774,670],{}," is not in the set. See the ",[192,108777,108778,10379],{"href":108132},[17,108779,102534],{}," for more examples.",[141,108782,2698],{"id":2697},[14,108784,71152,108785,1044],{},[17,108786,107776],{},[30,108788,108789,108795,108800,108805],{},[33,108790,108791,108792],{},"Trying to pass a value like ",[17,108793,108794],{},"my_set.pop(\"apple\")",[33,108796,8086,108797,108799],{},[17,108798,12406],{}," to remove the first or last item",[33,108801,29304,108802,108804],{},[17,108803,12406],{}," on an empty set",[33,108806,8050,108807,108809],{},[17,108808,12406],{}," when you need to remove a specific item",[14,108811,61966],{},[60,108813,108815],{"className":62,"code":108814,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint(type(my_set))\nitem = my_set.pop()\n",[17,108816,108817,108827,108841,108855],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,108818,108819,108821,108823,108825],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,108820,110],{"class":109},[69,108822,113],{"class":83},[69,108824,15313],{"class":121},[69,108826,221],{"class":83},[69,108828,108829,108831,108833,108835,108837,108839],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,108830,110],{"class":109},[69,108832,113],{"class":83},[69,108834,10801],{"class":109},[69,108836,113],{"class":83},[69,108838,15313],{"class":121},[69,108840,342],{"class":83},[69,108842,108843,108845,108847,108849,108851,108853],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,108844,110],{"class":109},[69,108846,113],{"class":83},[69,108848,3087],{"class":1126},[69,108850,113],{"class":83},[69,108852,15313],{"class":121},[69,108854,342],{"class":83},[69,108856,108857,108859,108861,108863,108865,108867],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,108858,28192],{"class":75},[69,108860,80],{"class":79},[69,108862,96599],{"class":75},[69,108864,25],{"class":83},[69,108866,25894],{"class":121},[69,108868,8277],{"class":83},[14,108870,25661],{},[30,108872,108873,108876,108879,108882],{},[33,108874,108875],{},"What values are in the set",[33,108877,108878],{},"Whether the set is empty",[33,108880,108881],{},"That the object is really a set",[33,108883,108884],{},"What value was actually removed",[141,108886,1651],{"id":1650},[1369,108888,12347,108890,108892],{"id":108889},"does-setpop-remove-the-first-item",[17,108891,107776],{}," remove the first item?",[14,108894,108895,108896,108898],{},"No. Sets do not keep order in the way lists do, so ",[17,108897,12406],{}," removes an arbitrary item.",[1369,108900,108902,108903,2359],{"id":108901},"can-i-use-an-index-with-setpop","Can I use an index with ",[17,108904,107776],{},[14,108906,108907,108908,108910,108911,108913],{},"No. Unlike list ",[17,108909,12406],{},", set ",[17,108912,12406],{}," does not accept an index.",[1369,108915,108917],{"id":108916},"what-error-happens-if-the-set-is-empty","What error happens if the set is empty?",[14,108919,71321,108920,44295,108922,108924],{},[17,108921,19337],{},[17,108923,12406],{}," is called on an empty set.",[1369,108926,108928],{"id":108927},"how-do-i-remove-a-specific-item-from-a-set","How do I remove a specific item from a set?",[14,108930,132,108931,54,108933,10731,108935,25],{},[17,108932,55198],{},[17,108934,102529],{},[17,108936,12406],{},[141,108938,1771],{"id":1770},[30,108940,108941,108945,108951,108957,108961],{},[33,108942,108943],{},[192,108944,96003],{"href":97174},[33,108946,108947],{},[192,108948,96489,108949,10379],{"href":97884},[17,108950,55198],{},[33,108952,108953],{},[192,108954,96489,108955,10379],{"href":108132},[17,108956,102529],{},[33,108958,108959],{},[192,108960,10902],{"href":10713},[33,108962,108963],{},[192,108964,55184],{"href":54736},[1802,108966,108967],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":108969},[108970,108971,108973,108974,108975,108976,108982,108991,108992,109000],{"id":1869,"depth":106,"text":1870},{"id":107896,"depth":106,"text":108972},"What set.pop() does",{"id":2023,"depth":106,"text":2024},{"id":108034,"depth":106,"text":108035},{"id":108137,"depth":106,"text":108138},{"id":108291,"depth":106,"text":108292,"children":108977},[108978,108980],{"id":108357,"depth":300,"text":108979},"Check before calling pop()",{"id":108448,"depth":300,"text":108981},"Use try and except",{"id":108538,"depth":106,"text":108983,"children":108984},"When to use pop() vs remove() vs discard()",[108985,108987,108989],{"id":108550,"depth":300,"text":108986},"Use pop()",{"id":108622,"depth":300,"text":108988},"Use remove()",{"id":108702,"depth":300,"text":108990},"Use discard()",{"id":2697,"depth":106,"text":2698},{"id":1650,"depth":106,"text":1651,"children":108993},[108994,108996,108998,108999],{"id":108889,"depth":300,"text":108995},"Does set.pop() remove the first item?",{"id":108901,"depth":300,"text":108997},"Can I use an index with set.pop()?",{"id":108916,"depth":300,"text":108917},{"id":108927,"depth":300,"text":108928},{"id":1770,"depth":106,"text":1771},"Master python set pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method",{"title":107764,"description":109001},"reference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method","HnjrB6euDyN20pcN7QQuCb2VArpBGb8ME-qhQl7T8YY",{"id":109008,"title":109009,"body":109010,"description":110164,"extension":1828,"meta":110165,"navigation":833,"path":110166,"seo":110167,"stem":110168,"__hash__":110169},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method.md","Python Set remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":109011,"toc":110132},[109012,109017,109022,109031,109033,109098,109102,109126,109133,109138,109142,109157,109160,109162,109181,109195,109198,109246,109250,109266,109268,109341,109345,109370,109376,109384,109388,109395,109450,109455,109472,109478,109484,109489,109497,109504,109508,109516,109571,109573,109590,109594,109601,109666,109670,109703,109705,109717,109724,109726,109731,109738,109740,109809,109813,109821,109823,109887,109891,109896,109943,109948,110016,110024,110031,110034,110040,110045,110049,110051,110054,110056,110061,110066,110072,110077,110084,110092,110098,110101,110103,110129],[10,109013,95875,109015,10962],{"id":109014},"python-set-remove-method",[17,109016,55198],{},[14,109018,109019,109021],{},[17,109020,102543],{}," deletes one specific value from a set.",[14,109023,109024,109025,109028,109029,25],{},"Use it when you want to remove an item ",[22,109026,109027],{},"and you expect that item to be present",". If the item is missing, Python raises a ",[17,109030,19337],{},[141,109032,1870],{"id":1869},[60,109034,109036],{"className":62,"code":109035,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[17,109037,109038,109070,109088],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,109039,109040,109042,109044,109046,109048,109050,109052,109054,109056,109058,109060,109062,109064,109066,109068],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,109041,12720],{"class":75},[69,109043,80],{"class":79},[69,109045,10128],{"class":83},[69,109047,333],{"class":94},[69,109049,12737],{"class":336},[69,109051,333],{"class":94},[69,109053,91],{"class":83},[69,109055,964],{"class":94},[69,109057,12754],{"class":336},[69,109059,333],{"class":94},[69,109061,91],{"class":83},[69,109063,964],{"class":94},[69,109065,17104],{"class":336},[69,109067,333],{"class":94},[69,109069,8945],{"class":83},[69,109071,109072,109074,109076,109078,109080,109082,109084,109086],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,109073,17151],{"class":75},[69,109075,25],{"class":83},[69,109077,34452],{"class":121},[69,109079,113],{"class":83},[69,109081,333],{"class":94},[69,109083,12754],{"class":336},[69,109085,333],{"class":94},[69,109087,221],{"class":83},[69,109089,109090,109092,109094,109096],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,109091,110],{"class":109},[69,109093,113],{"class":83},[69,109095,17151],{"class":121},[69,109097,221],{"class":83},[14,109099,109100],{},[22,109101,29684],{},[60,109103,109104],{"className":62,"code":103223,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,109105,109106],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,109107,109108,109110,109112,109114,109116,109118,109120,109122,109124],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,109109,8914],{"class":83},[69,109111,488],{"class":94},[69,109113,12737],{"class":336},[69,109115,488],{"class":94},[69,109117,91],{"class":83},[69,109119,3161],{"class":94},[69,109121,17104],{"class":336},[69,109123,488],{"class":94},[69,109125,8945],{"class":83},[14,109127,132,109128,109130,109131,25],{},[17,109129,55198],{}," to delete a value from a set. If the value is not in the set, Python raises a ",[17,109132,19337],{},[141,109134,3540,109136,3543],{"id":109135},"what-setremove-does",[17,109137,102543],{},[14,109139,109140,1044],{},[17,109141,102543],{},[30,109143,109144,109147,109149,109151],{},[33,109145,109146],{},"Removes one specific value from a set",[33,109148,95990],{},[33,109150,95993],{},[33,109152,109153,109154,109156],{},"Raises ",[17,109155,19337],{}," if the value is missing",[14,109158,109159],{},"This means the set itself is updated. You do not need to assign the result to a new variable.",[141,109161,2024],{"id":2023},[60,109163,109165],{"className":62,"code":109164,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_set.remove(value)\n",[17,109166,109167],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,109168,109169,109171,109173,109175,109177,109179],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,109170,15313],{"class":75},[69,109172,25],{"class":83},[69,109174,34452],{"class":121},[69,109176,113],{"class":83},[69,109178,2339],{"class":121},[69,109180,221],{"class":83},[30,109182,109183,109187,109192],{},[33,109184,109185,102765],{},[17,109186,15313],{},[33,109188,109189,109191],{},[17,109190,2339],{}," is the item to remove",[33,109193,109194],{},"Use this method when you expect the item to exist",[14,109196,109197],{},"Here is a small example:",[60,109199,109200],{"className":62,"code":108642,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,109201,109202,109222,109236],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,109203,109204,109206,109208,109210,109212,109214,109216,109218,109220],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,109205,801],{"class":75},[69,109207,80],{"class":79},[69,109209,10128],{"class":83},[69,109211,473],{"class":87},[69,109213,91],{"class":83},[69,109215,316],{"class":87},[69,109217,91],{"class":83},[69,109219,516],{"class":87},[69,109221,8945],{"class":83},[69,109223,109224,109226,109228,109230,109232,109234],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,109225,3512],{"class":75},[69,109227,25],{"class":83},[69,109229,34452],{"class":121},[69,109231,113],{"class":83},[69,109233,821],{"class":87},[69,109235,221],{"class":83},[69,109237,109238,109240,109242,109244],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,109239,110],{"class":109},[69,109241,113],{"class":83},[69,109243,3512],{"class":121},[69,109245,221],{"class":83},[14,109247,109248],{},[22,109249,29684],{},[60,109251,109252],{"className":62,"code":100973,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,109253,109254],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,109255,109256,109258,109260,109262,109264],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,109257,8914],{"class":83},[69,109259,473],{"class":87},[69,109261,91],{"class":83},[69,109263,516],{"class":87},[69,109265,8945],{"class":83},[141,109267,11116],{"id":11115},[60,109269,109271],{"className":62,"code":109270,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.remove(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[17,109272,109273,109305,109309,109327,109331],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,109274,109275,109277,109279,109281,109283,109285,109287,109289,109291,109293,109295,109297,109299,109301,109303],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,109276,35899],{"class":75},[69,109278,80],{"class":79},[69,109280,10128],{"class":83},[69,109282,333],{"class":94},[69,109284,952],{"class":336},[69,109286,333],{"class":94},[69,109288,91],{"class":83},[69,109290,964],{"class":94},[69,109292,967],{"class":336},[69,109294,333],{"class":94},[69,109296,91],{"class":83},[69,109298,964],{"class":94},[69,109300,32877],{"class":336},[69,109302,333],{"class":94},[69,109304,8945],{"class":83},[69,109306,109307],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,109308,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,109310,109311,109313,109315,109317,109319,109321,109323,109325],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,109312,35951],{"class":75},[69,109314,25],{"class":83},[69,109316,34452],{"class":121},[69,109318,113],{"class":83},[69,109320,333],{"class":94},[69,109322,967],{"class":336},[69,109324,333],{"class":94},[69,109326,221],{"class":83},[69,109328,109329],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,109330,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,109332,109333,109335,109337,109339],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,109334,110],{"class":109},[69,109336,113],{"class":83},[69,109338,35951],{"class":121},[69,109340,221],{"class":83},[14,109342,109343],{},[22,109344,29684],{},[60,109346,109348],{"className":62,"code":109347,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'apple', 'orange'}\n",[17,109349,109350],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,109351,109352,109354,109356,109358,109360,109362,109364,109366,109368],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,109353,8914],{"class":83},[69,109355,488],{"class":94},[69,109357,952],{"class":336},[69,109359,488],{"class":94},[69,109361,91],{"class":83},[69,109363,3161],{"class":94},[69,109365,32877],{"class":336},[69,109367,488],{"class":94},[69,109369,8945],{"class":83},[14,109371,109372,109373,109375],{},"This removes ",[17,109374,64946],{}," from the set.",[14,109377,109378,109379,109381,109382,25],{},"A set does ",[22,109380,4457],{}," keep items in a fixed order, so your printed output may appear in a different order. If you are new to sets, see ",[192,109383,96007],{"href":97558},[141,109385,109387],{"id":109386},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-found","What happens if the item is not found",[14,109389,109390,109391,52163,109393,25],{},"If the value is not in the set, ",[17,109392,55198],{},[17,109394,19337],{},[60,109396,109398],{"className":62,"code":109397,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"yellow\")\n",[17,109399,109400,109432],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,109401,109402,109404,109406,109408,109410,109412,109414,109416,109418,109420,109422,109424,109426,109428,109430],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,109403,12720],{"class":75},[69,109405,80],{"class":79},[69,109407,10128],{"class":83},[69,109409,333],{"class":94},[69,109411,12737],{"class":336},[69,109413,333],{"class":94},[69,109415,91],{"class":83},[69,109417,964],{"class":94},[69,109419,12754],{"class":336},[69,109421,333],{"class":94},[69,109423,91],{"class":83},[69,109425,964],{"class":94},[69,109427,17104],{"class":336},[69,109429,333],{"class":94},[69,109431,8945],{"class":83},[69,109433,109434,109436,109438,109440,109442,109444,109446,109448],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,109435,17151],{"class":75},[69,109437,25],{"class":83},[69,109439,34452],{"class":121},[69,109441,113],{"class":83},[69,109443,333],{"class":94},[69,109445,22175],{"class":336},[69,109447,333],{"class":94},[69,109449,221],{"class":83},[14,109451,109452],{},[22,109453,109454],{},"Result:",[60,109456,109458],{"className":62,"code":109457,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"KeyError: 'yellow'\n",[17,109459,109460],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,109461,109462,109464,109466,109468,109470],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,109463,19337],{"class":1126},[69,109465,1044],{"class":83},[69,109467,3161],{"class":94},[69,109469,22175],{"class":336},[69,109471,29354],{"class":94},[14,109473,21840,109474,109477],{},[17,109475,109476],{},"\"yellow\""," is not in the set.",[14,109479,109480,109481,109483],{},"This behavior is useful when a missing value should be treated as a real problem. For example, if your program assumes the item must be there, ",[17,109482,55198],{}," helps you notice the mistake immediately.",[14,109485,109486,109487,25],{},"If your code is failing with this error, see ",[192,109488,10902],{"href":10713},[141,109490,4032,109492,109494,109495],{"id":109491},"how-remove-is-different-from-discard",[17,109493,55198],{}," is different from ",[17,109496,102529],{},[14,109498,109499,587,109501,109503],{},[17,109500,55198],{},[17,109502,102529],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the item is missing.",[1369,109505,109506],{"id":34452},[17,109507,55198],{},[30,109509,109510,109513],{},[33,109511,109512],{},"Removes the item if it exists",[33,109514,109515],{},"Raises an error if the item is missing",[60,109517,109519],{"className":62,"code":109518,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.remove(\"d\")\n",[17,109520,109521,109553],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,109522,109523,109525,109527,109529,109531,109533,109535,109537,109539,109541,109543,109545,109547,109549,109551],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,109524,35750],{"class":75},[69,109526,80],{"class":79},[69,109528,10128],{"class":83},[69,109530,333],{"class":94},[69,109532,192],{"class":336},[69,109534,333],{"class":94},[69,109536,91],{"class":83},[69,109538,964],{"class":94},[69,109540,4587],{"class":336},[69,109542,333],{"class":94},[69,109544,91],{"class":83},[69,109546,964],{"class":94},[69,109548,9376],{"class":336},[69,109550,333],{"class":94},[69,109552,8945],{"class":83},[69,109554,109555,109557,109559,109561,109563,109565,109567,109569],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,109556,35803],{"class":75},[69,109558,25],{"class":83},[69,109560,34452],{"class":121},[69,109562,113],{"class":83},[69,109564,333],{"class":94},[69,109566,18417],{"class":336},[69,109568,333],{"class":94},[69,109570,221],{"class":83},[14,109572,108329],{},[60,109574,109576],{"className":62,"code":109575,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"KeyError: 'd'\n",[17,109577,109578],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,109579,109580,109582,109584,109586,109588],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,109581,19337],{"class":1126},[69,109583,1044],{"class":83},[69,109585,3161],{"class":94},[69,109587,18417],{"class":336},[69,109589,29354],{"class":94},[1369,109591,109592],{"id":102596},[17,109593,102529],{},[30,109595,109596,109598],{},[33,109597,109512],{},[33,109599,109600],{},"Does nothing if the item is missing",[60,109602,109604],{"className":62,"code":109603,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"d\")\nprint(letters)\n",[17,109605,109606,109638,109656],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,109607,109608,109610,109612,109614,109616,109618,109620,109622,109624,109626,109628,109630,109632,109634,109636],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,109609,35750],{"class":75},[69,109611,80],{"class":79},[69,109613,10128],{"class":83},[69,109615,333],{"class":94},[69,109617,192],{"class":336},[69,109619,333],{"class":94},[69,109621,91],{"class":83},[69,109623,964],{"class":94},[69,109625,4587],{"class":336},[69,109627,333],{"class":94},[69,109629,91],{"class":83},[69,109631,964],{"class":94},[69,109633,9376],{"class":336},[69,109635,333],{"class":94},[69,109637,8945],{"class":83},[69,109639,109640,109642,109644,109646,109648,109650,109652,109654],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,109641,35803],{"class":75},[69,109643,25],{"class":83},[69,109645,102596],{"class":121},[69,109647,113],{"class":83},[69,109649,333],{"class":94},[69,109651,18417],{"class":336},[69,109653,333],{"class":94},[69,109655,221],{"class":83},[69,109657,109658,109660,109662,109664],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,109659,110],{"class":109},[69,109661,113],{"class":83},[69,109663,35803],{"class":121},[69,109665,221],{"class":83},[14,109667,109668],{},[22,109669,643],{},[60,109671,109673],{"className":62,"code":109672,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'a', 'b', 'c'}\n",[17,109674,109675],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,109676,109677,109679,109681,109683,109685,109687,109689,109691,109693,109695,109697,109699,109701],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,109678,8914],{"class":83},[69,109680,488],{"class":94},[69,109682,192],{"class":336},[69,109684,488],{"class":94},[69,109686,91],{"class":83},[69,109688,3161],{"class":94},[69,109690,4587],{"class":336},[69,109692,488],{"class":94},[69,109694,91],{"class":83},[69,109696,3161],{"class":94},[69,109698,9376],{"class":336},[69,109700,488],{"class":94},[69,109702,8945],{"class":83},[14,109704,18344],{},[30,109706,109707,109712],{},[33,109708,109709,109711],{},[17,109710,55198],{}," when missing values should be noticed",[33,109713,109714,109716],{},[17,109715,102529],{}," when you want to avoid errors",[14,109718,109719,109720,25],{},"If you want a full method reference, see ",[192,109721,96489,109722,10379],{"href":108132},[17,109723,102529],{},[141,109725,1362],{"id":1361},[1369,109727,8086,109729,96869],{"id":109728},"expecting-remove-to-return-the-updated-set",[17,109730,55198],{},[14,109732,109733,109735,109736,25],{},[17,109734,55198],{}," changes the original set and returns ",[17,109737,449],{},[14,109739,16291],{},[60,109741,109743],{"className":62,"code":109742,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nnew_colors = colors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(new_colors)\n",[17,109744,109745,109777,109799],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,109746,109747,109749,109751,109753,109755,109757,109759,109761,109763,109765,109767,109769,109771,109773,109775],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,109748,12720],{"class":75},[69,109750,80],{"class":79},[69,109752,10128],{"class":83},[69,109754,333],{"class":94},[69,109756,12737],{"class":336},[69,109758,333],{"class":94},[69,109760,91],{"class":83},[69,109762,964],{"class":94},[69,109764,12754],{"class":336},[69,109766,333],{"class":94},[69,109768,91],{"class":83},[69,109770,964],{"class":94},[69,109772,17104],{"class":336},[69,109774,333],{"class":94},[69,109776,8945],{"class":83},[69,109778,109779,109781,109783,109785,109787,109789,109791,109793,109795,109797],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,109780,12763],{"class":75},[69,109782,80],{"class":79},[69,109784,12768],{"class":75},[69,109786,25],{"class":83},[69,109788,34452],{"class":121},[69,109790,113],{"class":83},[69,109792,333],{"class":94},[69,109794,12754],{"class":336},[69,109796,333],{"class":94},[69,109798,221],{"class":83},[69,109800,109801,109803,109805,109807],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,109802,110],{"class":109},[69,109804,113],{"class":83},[69,109806,12787],{"class":121},[69,109808,221],{"class":83},[14,109810,109811],{},[22,109812,643],{},[60,109814,109815],{"className":62,"code":11450,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,109816,109817],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,109818,109819],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,109820,11450],{"class":289},[14,109822,16303],{},[60,109824,109825],{"className":62,"code":109035,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,109826,109827,109859,109877],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,109828,109829,109831,109833,109835,109837,109839,109841,109843,109845,109847,109849,109851,109853,109855,109857],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,109830,12720],{"class":75},[69,109832,80],{"class":79},[69,109834,10128],{"class":83},[69,109836,333],{"class":94},[69,109838,12737],{"class":336},[69,109840,333],{"class":94},[69,109842,91],{"class":83},[69,109844,964],{"class":94},[69,109846,12754],{"class":336},[69,109848,333],{"class":94},[69,109850,91],{"class":83},[69,109852,964],{"class":94},[69,109854,17104],{"class":336},[69,109856,333],{"class":94},[69,109858,8945],{"class":83},[69,109860,109861,109863,109865,109867,109869,109871,109873,109875],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,109862,17151],{"class":75},[69,109864,25],{"class":83},[69,109866,34452],{"class":121},[69,109868,113],{"class":83},[69,109870,333],{"class":94},[69,109872,12754],{"class":336},[69,109874,333],{"class":94},[69,109876,221],{"class":83},[69,109878,109879,109881,109883,109885],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,109880,110],{"class":109},[69,109882,113],{"class":83},[69,109884,17151],{"class":121},[69,109886,221],{"class":83},[1369,109888,109890],{"id":109889},"trying-to-remove-a-value-that-is-not-present","Trying to remove a value that is not present",[14,109892,109893,109894,25],{},"If the value is missing, you get a ",[17,109895,19337],{},[60,109897,109899],{"className":62,"code":109898,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.remove(\"green\")\n",[17,109900,109901,109925],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,109902,109903,109905,109907,109909,109911,109913,109915,109917,109919,109921,109923],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,109904,12720],{"class":75},[69,109906,80],{"class":79},[69,109908,10128],{"class":83},[69,109910,333],{"class":94},[69,109912,12737],{"class":336},[69,109914,333],{"class":94},[69,109916,91],{"class":83},[69,109918,964],{"class":94},[69,109920,12754],{"class":336},[69,109922,333],{"class":94},[69,109924,8945],{"class":83},[69,109926,109927,109929,109931,109933,109935,109937,109939,109941],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,109928,17151],{"class":75},[69,109930,25],{"class":83},[69,109932,34452],{"class":121},[69,109934,113],{"class":83},[69,109936,333],{"class":94},[69,109938,17104],{"class":336},[69,109940,333],{"class":94},[69,109942,221],{"class":83},[14,109944,109945,109946,1044],{},"To check first, you can use ",[17,109947,780],{},[60,109949,109951],{"className":62,"code":109950,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\n\nif \"green\" in colors:\n    colors.remove(\"green\")\n",[17,109952,109953,109977,109981,109997],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,109954,109955,109957,109959,109961,109963,109965,109967,109969,109971,109973,109975],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,109956,12720],{"class":75},[69,109958,80],{"class":79},[69,109960,10128],{"class":83},[69,109962,333],{"class":94},[69,109964,12737],{"class":336},[69,109966,333],{"class":94},[69,109968,91],{"class":83},[69,109970,964],{"class":94},[69,109972,12754],{"class":336},[69,109974,333],{"class":94},[69,109976,8945],{"class":83},[69,109978,109979],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,109980,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,109982,109983,109985,109987,109989,109991,109993,109995],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,109984,6625],{"class":773},[69,109986,964],{"class":94},[69,109988,17104],{"class":336},[69,109990,333],{"class":94},[69,109992,20824],{"class":79},[69,109994,12768],{"class":75},[69,109996,1235],{"class":83},[69,109998,109999,110002,110004,110006,110008,110010,110012,110014],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,110000,110001],{"class":75},"    colors",[69,110003,25],{"class":83},[69,110005,34452],{"class":121},[69,110007,113],{"class":83},[69,110009,333],{"class":94},[69,110011,17104],{"class":336},[69,110013,333],{"class":94},[69,110015,221],{"class":83},[14,110017,110018,110019,110023],{},"Or use ",[192,110020,110021],{"href":108132},[17,110022,102529],{}," if missing values are acceptable.",[1369,110025,36865,110027,8339,110029],{"id":110026},"confusing-setremove-with-listremove",[17,110028,102543],{},[17,110030,54744],{},[14,110032,110033],{},"Sets do not store duplicates.",[14,110035,110036,110037,110039],{},"A list can contain repeated values, but a set cannot. That means ",[17,110038,102543],{}," removes a value from a collection where each item is unique.",[14,110041,110042,110043,25],{},"If you are working with lists and duplicates, you may also want to read ",[192,110044,98753],{"href":98752},[1369,110046,110048],{"id":110047},"assuming-sets-keep-item-order","Assuming sets keep item order",[14,110050,108038],{},[14,110052,110053],{},"After removing an item, do not expect the remaining items to stay in a specific order when printed.",[141,110055,1651],{"id":1650},[1369,110057,12347,110059,96968],{"id":110058},"does-setremove-return-a-new-set",[17,110060,102543],{},[14,110062,110063,110064,25],{},"No. It changes the original set and returns ",[17,110065,449],{},[1369,110067,29942,110069,110071],{"id":110068},"what-error-does-setremove-raise",[17,110070,102543],{}," raise?",[14,110073,29948,110074,110076],{},[17,110075,19337],{}," if the value is not in the set.",[1369,110078,21071,110080,54,110082,2359],{"id":110079},"should-i-use-remove-or-discard",[17,110081,55198],{},[17,110083,102529],{},[14,110085,132,110086,110088,110089,110091],{},[17,110087,55198],{}," when the item should exist. Use ",[17,110090,102529],{}," when missing items are acceptable.",[1369,110093,4996,110095,110097],{"id":110094},"can-setremove-remove-multiple-items-at-once",[17,110096,102543],{}," remove multiple items at once?",[14,110099,110100],{},"No. It removes one item at a time. For multiple items, use a loop or another set operation.",[141,110102,1771],{"id":1770},[30,110104,110105,110111,110117,110121,110125],{},[33,110106,110107],{},[192,110108,96489,110109,10379],{"href":108132},[17,110110,102529],{},[33,110112,110113],{},[192,110114,96489,110115,10379],{"href":97889},[17,110116,12406],{},[33,110118,110119],{},[192,110120,97013],{"href":97558},[33,110122,110123],{},[192,110124,100019],{"href":98752},[33,110126,110127],{},[192,110128,10902],{"href":10713},[1802,110130,110131],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":110133},[110134,110135,110137,110138,110139,110140,110145,110153,110163],{"id":1869,"depth":106,"text":1870},{"id":109135,"depth":106,"text":110136},"What set.remove() does",{"id":2023,"depth":106,"text":2024},{"id":11115,"depth":106,"text":11116},{"id":109386,"depth":106,"text":109387},{"id":109491,"depth":106,"text":110141,"children":110142},"How remove() is different from discard()",[110143,110144],{"id":34452,"depth":300,"text":55198},{"id":102596,"depth":300,"text":102529},{"id":1361,"depth":106,"text":1362,"children":110146},[110147,110149,110150,110152],{"id":109728,"depth":300,"text":110148},"Expecting remove() to return the updated set",{"id":109889,"depth":300,"text":109890},{"id":110026,"depth":300,"text":110151},"Confusing set.remove() with list.remove()",{"id":110047,"depth":300,"text":110048},{"id":1650,"depth":106,"text":1651,"children":110154},[110155,110157,110159,110161],{"id":110058,"depth":300,"text":110156},"Does set.remove() return a new set?",{"id":110068,"depth":300,"text":110158},"What error does set.remove() raise?",{"id":110079,"depth":300,"text":110160},"Should I use remove() or discard()?",{"id":110094,"depth":300,"text":110162},"Can set.remove() remove multiple items at once?",{"id":1770,"depth":106,"text":1771},"Master python set remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method",{"title":109009,"description":110164},"reference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method","rqj96TKU47GbniERUcyXRFNr3Q0LLY8S8sJgEZ7LbL0",{"id":110171,"title":110172,"body":110173,"description":111546,"extension":1828,"meta":111547,"navigation":833,"path":111548,"seo":111549,"stem":111550,"__hash__":111551},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method.md","Python Set symmetric_difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":110174,"toc":111521},[110175,110181,110187,110190,110193,110207,110209,110290,110293,110298,110302,110316,110323,110325,110344,110347,110365,110367,110447,110449,110474,110478,110481,110489,110494,110499,110501,110514,110519,110522,110546,110549,110557,110559,110562,110659,110661,110694,110696,110722,110729,110732,110736,110744,110748,110756,110758,110848,110850,110864,110871,110876,110881,110883,110974,110976,110988,110990,111004,111010,111018,111020,111102,111104,111149,111152,111160,111163,111165,111169,111212,111214,111234,111239,111241,111326,111328,111333,111335,111342,111350,111356,111359,111361,111447,111449,111473,111477,111480,111482,111509,111519],[10,110176,95875,110178,10962],{"id":110177},"python-set-symmetric_difference-method",[17,110179,110180],{},"symmetric_difference()",[14,110182,110183,110186],{},[17,110184,110185],{},"set.symmetric_difference()"," returns the values that appear in exactly one of two sets.",[14,110188,110189],{},"This is useful when you want to compare two sets and keep only the non-matching values.",[14,110191,110192],{},"Use it when:",[30,110194,110195,110198,110204],{},[33,110196,110197],{},"you want items in one set or the other",[33,110199,110200,110201,110203],{},"you do ",[22,110202,4457],{}," want items that appear in both sets",[33,110205,110206],{},"you need a new set without changing the originals",[141,110208,3473],{"id":3472},[60,110210,110212],{"className":62,"code":110211,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.symmetric_difference(b)\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[17,110213,110214,110234,110254,110258,110277],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,110215,110216,110218,110220,110222,110224,110226,110228,110230,110232],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,110217,2421],{"class":75},[69,110219,80],{"class":79},[69,110221,10128],{"class":83},[69,110223,473],{"class":87},[69,110225,91],{"class":83},[69,110227,316],{"class":87},[69,110229,91],{"class":83},[69,110231,516],{"class":87},[69,110233,8945],{"class":83},[69,110235,110236,110238,110240,110242,110244,110246,110248,110250,110252],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,110237,2449],{"class":75},[69,110239,80],{"class":79},[69,110241,10128],{"class":83},[69,110243,1929],{"class":87},[69,110245,91],{"class":83},[69,110247,2323],{"class":87},[69,110249,91],{"class":83},[69,110251,100],{"class":87},[69,110253,8945],{"class":83},[69,110255,110256],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,110257,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,110259,110260,110262,110264,110266,110268,110271,110273,110275],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,110261,839],{"class":75},[69,110263,80],{"class":79},[69,110265,56557],{"class":75},[69,110267,25],{"class":83},[69,110269,110270],{"class":121},"symmetric_difference",[69,110272,113],{"class":83},[69,110274,4587],{"class":121},[69,110276,221],{"class":83},[69,110278,110279,110281,110283,110285,110287],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,110280,110],{"class":109},[69,110282,113],{"class":83},[69,110284,876],{"class":121},[69,110286,3525],{"class":83},[69,110288,110289],{"class":128},"  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[14,110291,110292],{},"Use this when you want values that are in one set or the other, but not in both.",[141,110294,3540,110296,3543],{"id":110295},"what-symmetric_difference-does",[17,110297,110180],{},[14,110299,110300,1044],{},[17,110301,110185],{},[30,110303,110304,110307,110310,110313],{},[33,110305,110306],{},"returns a new set",[33,110308,110309],{},"keeps items that are in only one of the two sets",[33,110311,110312],{},"removes items that exist in both sets",[33,110314,110315],{},"does not change the original set",[14,110317,95999,110318,54,110320,25],{},[192,110319,96003],{"href":96002},[192,110321,110322],{"href":96006},"creating a set in Python",[141,110324,2024],{"id":2023},[60,110326,110328],{"className":62,"code":110327,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\n",[17,110329,110330],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,110331,110332,110334,110336,110338,110340,110342],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,110333,100260],{"class":75},[69,110335,25],{"class":83},[69,110337,110270],{"class":121},[69,110339,113],{"class":83},[69,110341,100269],{"class":121},[69,110343,221],{"class":83},[14,110345,110346],{},"Notes:",[30,110348,110349,110354,110359,110362],{},[33,110350,110351,110353],{},[17,110352,100260],{}," must be a set",[33,110355,110356,110358],{},[17,110357,100269],{}," can be any iterable",[33,110360,110361],{},"the result is always a set",[33,110363,110364],{},"the most common use is comparing two sets",[14,110366,2076],{},[60,110368,110370],{"className":62,"code":110369,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\nprint(result)\n",[17,110371,110372,110393,110414,110418,110437],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,110373,110374,110377,110379,110381,110383,110385,110387,110389,110391],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,110375,110376],{"class":75},"set1 ",[69,110378,80],{"class":79},[69,110380,10128],{"class":83},[69,110382,473],{"class":87},[69,110384,91],{"class":83},[69,110386,316],{"class":87},[69,110388,91],{"class":83},[69,110390,516],{"class":87},[69,110392,8945],{"class":83},[69,110394,110395,110398,110400,110402,110404,110406,110408,110410,110412],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,110396,110397],{"class":75},"set2 ",[69,110399,80],{"class":79},[69,110401,10128],{"class":83},[69,110403,1929],{"class":87},[69,110405,91],{"class":83},[69,110407,2323],{"class":87},[69,110409,91],{"class":83},[69,110411,100],{"class":87},[69,110413,8945],{"class":83},[69,110415,110416],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,110417,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,110419,110420,110422,110424,110427,110429,110431,110433,110435],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,110421,839],{"class":75},[69,110423,80],{"class":79},[69,110425,110426],{"class":75}," set1",[69,110428,25],{"class":83},[69,110430,110270],{"class":121},[69,110432,113],{"class":83},[69,110434,100269],{"class":121},[69,110436,221],{"class":83},[69,110438,110439,110441,110443,110445],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,110440,110],{"class":109},[69,110442,113],{"class":83},[69,110444,876],{"class":121},[69,110446,221],{"class":83},[14,110448,643],{},[60,110450,110452],{"className":62,"code":110451,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[17,110453,110454],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,110455,110456,110458,110460,110462,110464,110466,110468,110470,110472],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,110457,8914],{"class":83},[69,110459,473],{"class":87},[69,110461,91],{"class":83},[69,110463,316],{"class":87},[69,110465,91],{"class":83},[69,110467,2323],{"class":87},[69,110469,91],{"class":83},[69,110471,100],{"class":87},[69,110473,8945],{"class":83},[141,110475,110477],{"id":110476},"what-the-result-means","What the result means",[14,110479,110480],{},"The result includes:",[30,110482,110483,110486],{},[33,110484,110485],{},"items only in the first set",[33,110487,110488],{},"items only in the second set",[14,110490,110491,110492,10722],{},"The result does ",[22,110493,4457],{},[30,110495,110496],{},[33,110497,110498],{},"items shared by both sets",[14,110500,244],{},[30,110502,110503,110508],{},[33,110504,110505,110506],{},"first set: ",[17,110507,99957],{},[33,110509,110510,110511],{},"second set: ",[17,110512,110513],{},"{3, 4, 5}",[14,110515,3885,110516,110518],{},[17,110517,1929],{}," is in both sets, so it is removed from the result.",[14,110520,110521],{},"The output is:",[60,110523,110524],{"className":62,"code":110451,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,110525,110526],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,110527,110528,110530,110532,110534,110536,110538,110540,110542,110544],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,110529,8914],{"class":83},[69,110531,473],{"class":87},[69,110533,91],{"class":83},[69,110535,316],{"class":87},[69,110537,91],{"class":83},[69,110539,2323],{"class":87},[69,110541,91],{"class":83},[69,110543,100],{"class":87},[69,110545,8945],{"class":83},[14,110547,110548],{},"Also remember:",[30,110550,110551,110554],{},[33,110552,110553],{},"sets are unordered",[33,110555,110556],{},"Python does not guarantee the printed order of set items",[141,110558,11116],{"id":11115},[14,110560,110561],{},"Here is a small example with one shared value:",[60,110563,110565],{"className":62,"code":110564,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\"}\n\nresult = colors1.symmetric_difference(colors2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,110566,110567,110599,110623,110627,110645,110649],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,110568,110569,110571,110573,110575,110577,110579,110581,110583,110585,110587,110589,110591,110593,110595,110597],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,110570,106700],{"class":75},[69,110572,80],{"class":79},[69,110574,10128],{"class":83},[69,110576,333],{"class":94},[69,110578,12737],{"class":336},[69,110580,333],{"class":94},[69,110582,91],{"class":83},[69,110584,964],{"class":94},[69,110586,12754],{"class":336},[69,110588,333],{"class":94},[69,110590,91],{"class":83},[69,110592,964],{"class":94},[69,110594,17104],{"class":336},[69,110596,333],{"class":94},[69,110598,8945],{"class":83},[69,110600,110601,110603,110605,110607,110609,110611,110613,110615,110617,110619,110621],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,110602,106733],{"class":75},[69,110604,80],{"class":79},[69,110606,10128],{"class":83},[69,110608,333],{"class":94},[69,110610,17104],{"class":336},[69,110612,333],{"class":94},[69,110614,91],{"class":83},[69,110616,964],{"class":94},[69,110618,22175],{"class":336},[69,110620,333],{"class":94},[69,110622,8945],{"class":83},[69,110624,110625],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,110626,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,110628,110629,110631,110633,110635,110637,110639,110641,110643],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,110630,839],{"class":75},[69,110632,80],{"class":79},[69,110634,106775],{"class":75},[69,110636,25],{"class":83},[69,110638,110270],{"class":121},[69,110640,113],{"class":83},[69,110642,106784],{"class":121},[69,110644,221],{"class":83},[69,110646,110647],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,110648,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,110650,110651,110653,110655,110657],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,110652,110],{"class":109},[69,110654,113],{"class":83},[69,110656,876],{"class":121},[69,110658,221],{"class":83},[14,110660,643],{},[60,110662,110664],{"className":62,"code":110663,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'red', 'blue', 'yellow'}\n",[17,110665,110666],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,110667,110668,110670,110672,110674,110676,110678,110680,110682,110684,110686,110688,110690,110692],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,110669,8914],{"class":83},[69,110671,488],{"class":94},[69,110673,12737],{"class":336},[69,110675,488],{"class":94},[69,110677,91],{"class":83},[69,110679,3161],{"class":94},[69,110681,12754],{"class":336},[69,110683,488],{"class":94},[69,110685,91],{"class":83},[69,110687,3161],{"class":94},[69,110689,22175],{"class":336},[69,110691,488],{"class":94},[69,110693,8945],{"class":83},[14,110695,13054],{},[30,110697,110698,110703,110714],{},[33,110699,110700,110702],{},[17,110701,96168],{}," is in both sets, so it is excluded",[33,110704,110705,587,110707,110710,110711,110713],{},[17,110706,65064],{},[17,110708,110709],{},"\"blue\""," are only in ",[17,110712,106837],{},", so they stay",[33,110715,110716,110718,110719,110721],{},[17,110717,109476],{}," is only in ",[17,110720,106784],{},", so it stays",[141,110723,110725,10223,110727],{"id":110724},"symmetric_difference-vs-difference",[17,110726,110180],{},[17,110728,100089],{},[14,110730,110731],{},"These two methods are similar, but they do not do the same thing.",[14,110733,110734,1044],{},[17,110735,100089],{},[30,110737,110738,110741],{},[33,110739,110740],{},"keeps items only from the first set",[33,110742,110743],{},"ignores unique items from the second set",[14,110745,110746,1044],{},[17,110747,110180],{},[30,110749,110750,110753],{},[33,110751,110752],{},"keeps unique items from both sets",[33,110754,110755],{},"removes shared items",[14,110757,2076],{},[60,110759,110761],{"className":62,"code":110760,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))            # {1, 2}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[17,110762,110763,110783,110803,110807,110828],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,110764,110765,110767,110769,110771,110773,110775,110777,110779,110781],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,110766,2421],{"class":75},[69,110768,80],{"class":79},[69,110770,10128],{"class":83},[69,110772,473],{"class":87},[69,110774,91],{"class":83},[69,110776,316],{"class":87},[69,110778,91],{"class":83},[69,110780,516],{"class":87},[69,110782,8945],{"class":83},[69,110784,110785,110787,110789,110791,110793,110795,110797,110799,110801],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,110786,2449],{"class":75},[69,110788,80],{"class":79},[69,110790,10128],{"class":83},[69,110792,1929],{"class":87},[69,110794,91],{"class":83},[69,110796,2323],{"class":87},[69,110798,91],{"class":83},[69,110800,100],{"class":87},[69,110802,8945],{"class":83},[69,110804,110805],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,110806,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,110808,110809,110811,110813,110815,110817,110819,110821,110823,110825],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,110810,110],{"class":109},[69,110812,113],{"class":83},[69,110814,192],{"class":121},[69,110816,25],{"class":83},[69,110818,2679],{"class":121},[69,110820,113],{"class":83},[69,110822,4587],{"class":121},[69,110824,125],{"class":83},[69,110826,110827],{"class":128},"            # {1, 2}\n",[69,110829,110830,110832,110834,110836,110838,110840,110842,110844,110846],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,110831,110],{"class":109},[69,110833,113],{"class":83},[69,110835,192],{"class":121},[69,110837,25],{"class":83},[69,110839,110270],{"class":121},[69,110841,113],{"class":83},[69,110843,4587],{"class":121},[69,110845,125],{"class":83},[69,110847,110289],{"class":128},[14,110849,18344],{},[30,110851,110852,110859],{},[33,110853,110854,110858],{},[192,110855,110856],{"href":102515},[17,110857,100089],{}," for a one-sided comparison",[33,110860,110861,110863],{},[17,110862,110180],{}," for a two-sided comparison",[141,110865,110867,10223,110869],{"id":110866},"symmetric_difference-vs-union",[17,110868,110180],{},[17,110870,102474],{},[14,110872,110873,110875],{},[17,110874,102474],{}," combines both sets.",[14,110877,110878,110880],{},[17,110879,110180],{}," only keeps non-shared values.",[14,110882,2076],{},[60,110884,110886],{"className":62,"code":110885,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.union(b))                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[17,110887,110888,110908,110928,110932,110954],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,110889,110890,110892,110894,110896,110898,110900,110902,110904,110906],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,110891,2421],{"class":75},[69,110893,80],{"class":79},[69,110895,10128],{"class":83},[69,110897,473],{"class":87},[69,110899,91],{"class":83},[69,110901,316],{"class":87},[69,110903,91],{"class":83},[69,110905,516],{"class":87},[69,110907,8945],{"class":83},[69,110909,110910,110912,110914,110916,110918,110920,110922,110924,110926],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,110911,2449],{"class":75},[69,110913,80],{"class":79},[69,110915,10128],{"class":83},[69,110917,1929],{"class":87},[69,110919,91],{"class":83},[69,110921,2323],{"class":87},[69,110923,91],{"class":83},[69,110925,100],{"class":87},[69,110927,8945],{"class":83},[69,110929,110930],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,110931,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,110933,110934,110936,110938,110940,110942,110945,110947,110949,110951],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,110935,110],{"class":109},[69,110937,113],{"class":83},[69,110939,192],{"class":121},[69,110941,25],{"class":83},[69,110943,110944],{"class":121},"union",[69,110946,113],{"class":83},[69,110948,4587],{"class":121},[69,110950,125],{"class":83},[69,110952,110953],{"class":128},"                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[69,110955,110956,110958,110960,110962,110964,110966,110968,110970,110972],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,110957,110],{"class":109},[69,110959,113],{"class":83},[69,110961,192],{"class":121},[69,110963,25],{"class":83},[69,110965,110270],{"class":121},[69,110967,113],{"class":83},[69,110969,4587],{"class":121},[69,110971,125],{"class":83},[69,110973,110289],{"class":128},[14,110975,26874],{},[30,110977,110978,110983],{},[33,110979,110980,110982],{},[17,110981,102474],{}," includes everything",[33,110984,110985,110987],{},[17,110986,110180],{}," excludes values found in both sets",[14,110989,18344],{},[30,110991,110992,110999],{},[33,110993,110994,110998],{},[192,110995,110996],{"href":107405},[17,110997,102474],{}," when overlap does not matter",[33,111000,111001,111003],{},[17,111002,110180],{}," when you want non-matching values only",[141,111005,36273,111007,101273],{"id":111006},"using-the-operator",[17,111008,111009],{},"^",[14,111011,111012,111013,111015,111016,25],{},"For sets, the ",[17,111014,111009],{}," operator gives the same result as ",[17,111017,110180],{},[14,111019,2076],{},[60,111021,111023],{"className":62,"code":111022,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\n",[17,111024,111025,111045,111065,111069,111087],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,111026,111027,111029,111031,111033,111035,111037,111039,111041,111043],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,111028,110376],{"class":75},[69,111030,80],{"class":79},[69,111032,10128],{"class":83},[69,111034,473],{"class":87},[69,111036,91],{"class":83},[69,111038,316],{"class":87},[69,111040,91],{"class":83},[69,111042,516],{"class":87},[69,111044,8945],{"class":83},[69,111046,111047,111049,111051,111053,111055,111057,111059,111061,111063],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,111048,110397],{"class":75},[69,111050,80],{"class":79},[69,111052,10128],{"class":83},[69,111054,1929],{"class":87},[69,111056,91],{"class":83},[69,111058,2323],{"class":87},[69,111060,91],{"class":83},[69,111062,100],{"class":87},[69,111064,8945],{"class":83},[69,111066,111067],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,111068,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,111070,111071,111073,111075,111077,111079,111081,111083,111085],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,111072,110],{"class":109},[69,111074,113],{"class":83},[69,111076,100260],{"class":121},[69,111078,25],{"class":83},[69,111080,110270],{"class":121},[69,111082,113],{"class":83},[69,111084,100269],{"class":121},[69,111086,342],{"class":83},[69,111088,111089,111091,111093,111095,111097,111100],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,111090,110],{"class":109},[69,111092,113],{"class":83},[69,111094,110376],{"class":121},[69,111096,111009],{"class":79},[69,111098,111099],{"class":121}," set2",[69,111101,221],{"class":83},[14,111103,29684],{},[60,111105,111107],{"className":62,"code":111106,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[17,111108,111109,111129],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,111110,111111,111113,111115,111117,111119,111121,111123,111125,111127],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,111112,8914],{"class":83},[69,111114,473],{"class":87},[69,111116,91],{"class":83},[69,111118,316],{"class":87},[69,111120,91],{"class":83},[69,111122,2323],{"class":87},[69,111124,91],{"class":83},[69,111126,100],{"class":87},[69,111128,8945],{"class":83},[69,111130,111131,111133,111135,111137,111139,111141,111143,111145,111147],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,111132,8914],{"class":83},[69,111134,473],{"class":87},[69,111136,91],{"class":83},[69,111138,316],{"class":87},[69,111140,91],{"class":83},[69,111142,2323],{"class":87},[69,111144,91],{"class":83},[69,111146,100],{"class":87},[69,111148,8945],{"class":83},[14,111150,111151],{},"Both forms:",[30,111153,111154,111157],{},[33,111155,111156],{},"return a new set",[33,111158,111159],{},"do not change the original sets",[14,111161,111162],{},"For beginners, the method form is often easier to read because the name explains what it does.",[141,111164,1362],{"id":1361},[14,111166,20862,111167,1044],{},[17,111168,110180],{},[30,111170,111171,111179,111189,111204],{},[33,111172,111173,111176,111178],{},[22,111174,111175],{},"Expecting sorted output",[9483,111177],{},"\nSets are unordered, so the result may print in a different order than you expect.",[33,111180,111181,111184,111186,111188],{},[22,111182,111183],{},"Thinking the original set is changed",[9483,111185],{},[17,111187,110180],{}," returns a new set. It does not modify the original set.",[33,111190,111191,111196,111198,111200,111201,111203],{},[22,111192,111193,111194],{},"Confusing it with ",[17,111195,100089],{},[9483,111197],{},[17,111199,100089],{}," only keeps items from the first set. ",[17,111202,110180],{}," keeps unique items from both sets.",[33,111205,111206,111209,111211],{},[22,111207,111208],{},"Forgetting that sets remove duplicates",[9483,111210],{},"\nA set only stores unique values. If your original data has repeated values, they will appear only once.",[14,111213,58532],{},[30,111215,111216,111225,111228,111231],{},[33,111217,50159,111218,44295,111220,111224],{},[17,111219,110180],{},[192,111221,111222],{"href":107405},[17,111223,102474],{}," is actually needed",[33,111226,111227],{},"comparing lists instead of converting them to sets first",[33,111229,111230],{},"assuming repeated values will appear multiple times in the result",[33,111232,111233],{},"being confused by output order",[14,111235,111236,111237,25],{},"If you are starting with a list and want unique values first, see ",[192,111238,98753],{"href":105018},[14,111240,61966],{},[60,111242,111244],{"className":62,"code":111243,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(set1)\nprint(set2)\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\nprint(type(set1))\nprint(type(set2))\n",[17,111245,111246,111256,111266,111284,111298,111312],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,111247,111248,111250,111252,111254],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,111249,110],{"class":109},[69,111251,113],{"class":83},[69,111253,100260],{"class":121},[69,111255,221],{"class":83},[69,111257,111258,111260,111262,111264],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,111259,110],{"class":109},[69,111261,113],{"class":83},[69,111263,100269],{"class":121},[69,111265,221],{"class":83},[69,111267,111268,111270,111272,111274,111276,111278,111280,111282],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,111269,110],{"class":109},[69,111271,113],{"class":83},[69,111273,100260],{"class":121},[69,111275,25],{"class":83},[69,111277,110270],{"class":121},[69,111279,113],{"class":83},[69,111281,100269],{"class":121},[69,111283,342],{"class":83},[69,111285,111286,111288,111290,111292,111294,111296],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,111287,110],{"class":109},[69,111289,113],{"class":83},[69,111291,110376],{"class":121},[69,111293,111009],{"class":79},[69,111295,111099],{"class":121},[69,111297,221],{"class":83},[69,111299,111300,111302,111304,111306,111308,111310],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,111301,110],{"class":109},[69,111303,113],{"class":83},[69,111305,3087],{"class":1126},[69,111307,113],{"class":83},[69,111309,100260],{"class":121},[69,111311,342],{"class":83},[69,111313,111314,111316,111318,111320,111322,111324],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,111315,110],{"class":109},[69,111317,113],{"class":83},[69,111319,3087],{"class":1126},[69,111321,113],{"class":83},[69,111323,100269],{"class":121},[69,111325,342],{"class":83},[141,111327,1651],{"id":1650},[1369,111329,12347,111331,102414],{"id":111330},"does-symmetric_difference-change-the-original-set",[17,111332,110180],{},[14,111334,102417],{},[1369,111336,5006,111338,587,111340,2359],{"id":111337},"what-is-the-difference-between-symmetric_difference-and-difference",[17,111339,110180],{},[17,111341,100089],{},[14,111343,111344,111346,111347,111349],{},[17,111345,100089],{}," keeps items only from the first set. ",[17,111348,110180],{}," keeps items that appear in exactly one of the two sets.",[1369,111351,27982,111353,111355],{"id":111352},"can-i-use-symmetric_difference-with-lists",[17,111354,110180],{}," with lists?",[14,111357,111358],{},"The method is for sets. Convert a list to a set first if needed.",[14,111360,2076],{},[60,111362,111364],{"className":62,"code":111363,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"list1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = set(list1).symmetric_difference(set(list2))\nprint(result)\n",[17,111365,111366,111386,111406,111410,111437],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,111367,111368,111370,111372,111374,111376,111378,111380,111382,111384],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,111369,80330],{"class":75},[69,111371,80],{"class":79},[69,111373,84],{"class":83},[69,111375,473],{"class":87},[69,111377,91],{"class":83},[69,111379,316],{"class":87},[69,111381,91],{"class":83},[69,111383,516],{"class":87},[69,111385,103],{"class":83},[69,111387,111388,111390,111392,111394,111396,111398,111400,111402,111404],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,111389,80351],{"class":75},[69,111391,80],{"class":79},[69,111393,84],{"class":83},[69,111395,1929],{"class":87},[69,111397,91],{"class":83},[69,111399,2323],{"class":87},[69,111401,91],{"class":83},[69,111403,100],{"class":87},[69,111405,103],{"class":83},[69,111407,111408],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,111409,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,111411,111412,111414,111416,111418,111420,111423,111425,111427,111429,111431,111433,111435],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,111413,839],{"class":75},[69,111415,80],{"class":79},[69,111417,15280],{"class":1126},[69,111419,113],{"class":83},[69,111421,111422],{"class":121},"list1",[69,111424,8265],{"class":83},[69,111426,110270],{"class":121},[69,111428,113],{"class":83},[69,111430,1127],{"class":1126},[69,111432,113],{"class":83},[69,111434,80617],{"class":121},[69,111436,342],{"class":83},[69,111438,111439,111441,111443,111445],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,111440,110],{"class":109},[69,111442,113],{"class":83},[69,111444,876],{"class":121},[69,111446,221],{"class":83},[14,111448,643],{},[60,111450,111451],{"className":62,"code":110451,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,111452,111453],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,111454,111455,111457,111459,111461,111463,111465,111467,111469,111471],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,111456,8914],{"class":83},[69,111458,473],{"class":87},[69,111460,91],{"class":83},[69,111462,316],{"class":87},[69,111464,91],{"class":83},[69,111466,2323],{"class":87},[69,111468,91],{"class":83},[69,111470,100],{"class":87},[69,111472,8945],{"class":83},[1369,111474,111476],{"id":111475},"why-does-the-output-order-look-random","Why does the output order look random?",[14,111478,111479],{},"Sets are unordered, so Python does not guarantee item order.",[141,111481,1771],{"id":1770},[30,111483,111484,111488,111493,111499,111505],{},[33,111485,111486],{},[192,111487,96003],{"href":96002},[33,111489,111490],{},[192,111491,111492],{"href":96006},"Creating a set in Python",[33,111494,111495],{},[192,111496,96489,111497,10379],{"href":102515},[17,111498,100089],{},[33,111500,111501],{},[192,111502,96489,111503,10379],{"href":107405},[17,111504,102474],{},[33,111506,111507],{},[192,111508,100019],{"href":105018},[14,111510,111511,111512,2057,111514,16720,111516,111518],{},"If you are learning set methods, compare ",[17,111513,100089],{},[17,111515,102474],{},[17,111517,110180],{}," side by side. That makes it much easier to choose the right one for real tasks.",[1802,111520,56911],{},{"title":65,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":111522},[111523,111524,111526,111527,111528,111529,111531,111533,111535,111536,111545],{"id":3472,"depth":106,"text":3473},{"id":110295,"depth":106,"text":111525},"What symmetric_difference() does",{"id":2023,"depth":106,"text":2024},{"id":110476,"depth":106,"text":110477},{"id":11115,"depth":106,"text":11116},{"id":110724,"depth":106,"text":111530},"symmetric_difference() vs difference()",{"id":110866,"depth":106,"text":111532},"symmetric_difference() vs union()",{"id":111006,"depth":106,"text":111534},"Using the ^ operator",{"id":1361,"depth":106,"text":1362},{"id":1650,"depth":106,"text":1651,"children":111537},[111538,111540,111542,111544],{"id":111330,"depth":300,"text":111539},"Does symmetric_difference() change the original set?",{"id":111337,"depth":300,"text":111541},"What is the difference between symmetric_difference() and difference()?",{"id":111352,"depth":300,"text":111543},"Can I use symmetric_difference() with lists?",{"id":111475,"depth":300,"text":111476},{"id":1770,"depth":106,"text":1771},"Master python set symmetric_difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method",{"title":110172,"description":111546},"reference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method","lpKe_do_U0RkRSxaS1njn8pocrqwUs1i7_KsXGGWZm4",{"id":111553,"title":111554,"body":111555,"description":113618,"extension":1828,"meta":113619,"navigation":833,"path":107405,"seo":113620,"stem":113621,"__hash__":113622},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method.md","Python Set union() Method",{"type":7,"value":111556,"toc":113577},[111557,111562,111567,111570,111583,111585,111667,111672,111677,111681,111693,111696,111700,111702,111729,111731,111742,111745,111814,111816,111822,111825,111835,111837,111926,111931,111933,111940,111943,111945,111948,112068,112070,112139,112142,112159,112164,112167,112283,112285,112314,112317,112323,112328,112332,112413,112415,112443,112448,112452,112547,112549,112590,112594,112597,112664,112666,112707,112713,112728,112735,112742,112746,112752,112838,112842,112850,112921,112926,112933,112935,112941,112943,113008,113010,113026,113031,113034,113103,113107,113110,113169,113172,113176,113229,113242,113245,113298,113302,113304,113335,113338,113343,113396,113400,113403,113424,113436,113438,113491,113493,113498,113500,113506,113509,113515,113520,113524,113527,113535,113544,113546,113574],[10,111558,3441,111560,10962],{"id":111559},"python-setunion-method",[17,111561,107718],{},[14,111563,111564,111566],{},[17,111565,107718],{}," combines items from one set with items from one or more other iterables.",[14,111568,111569],{},"It is useful when you want:",[30,111571,111572,111575,111580],{},[33,111573,111574],{},"all unique values from multiple collections",[33,111576,2421,111577,111579],{},[22,111578,100444],{}," as the result",[33,111581,111582],{},"to keep the original set unchanged",[141,111584,1870],{"id":1869},[60,111586,111588],{"className":62,"code":111587,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2)\nprint(result)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[17,111589,111590,111610,111630,111634,111652,111662],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,111591,111592,111594,111596,111598,111600,111602,111604,111606,111608],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,111593,110376],{"class":75},[69,111595,80],{"class":79},[69,111597,10128],{"class":83},[69,111599,473],{"class":87},[69,111601,91],{"class":83},[69,111603,316],{"class":87},[69,111605,91],{"class":83},[69,111607,516],{"class":87},[69,111609,8945],{"class":83},[69,111611,111612,111614,111616,111618,111620,111622,111624,111626,111628],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,111613,110397],{"class":75},[69,111615,80],{"class":79},[69,111617,10128],{"class":83},[69,111619,1929],{"class":87},[69,111621,91],{"class":83},[69,111623,2323],{"class":87},[69,111625,91],{"class":83},[69,111627,100],{"class":87},[69,111629,8945],{"class":83},[69,111631,111632],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,111633,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,111635,111636,111638,111640,111642,111644,111646,111648,111650],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,111637,839],{"class":75},[69,111639,80],{"class":79},[69,111641,110426],{"class":75},[69,111643,25],{"class":83},[69,111645,110944],{"class":121},[69,111647,113],{"class":83},[69,111649,100269],{"class":121},[69,111651,221],{"class":83},[69,111653,111654,111656,111658,111660],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,111655,110],{"class":109},[69,111657,113],{"class":83},[69,111659,876],{"class":121},[69,111661,221],{"class":83},[69,111663,111664],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,111665,111666],{"class":128},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[14,111668,111669,111671],{},[17,111670,102474],{}," returns a new set containing all unique items from both sets.",[141,111673,3540,111675,3543],{"id":111674},"what-setunion-does",[17,111676,107718],{},[14,111678,111679,1044],{},[17,111680,107718],{},[30,111682,111683,111686,111689,111691],{},[33,111684,111685],{},"combines items from one set and one or more other iterables",[33,111687,111688],{},"keeps only unique values",[33,111690,110306],{},[33,111692,110315],{},[14,111694,111695],{},"If the same value appears more than once, it will appear only once in the result.",[14,111697,95999,111698,25],{},[192,111699,96003],{"href":97174},[141,111701,2024],{"id":2023},[60,111703,111705],{"className":62,"code":111704,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"set1.union(set2, set3, ...)\n",[17,111706,111707],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,111708,111709,111711,111713,111715,111717,111719,111721,111723,111725,111727],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,111710,100260],{"class":75},[69,111712,25],{"class":83},[69,111714,110944],{"class":121},[69,111716,113],{"class":83},[69,111718,100269],{"class":121},[69,111720,91],{"class":83},[69,111722,100296],{"class":121},[69,111724,91],{"class":83},[69,111726,34111],{"class":109},[69,111728,221],{"class":83},[14,111730,12696],{},[30,111732,111733,111736,111739],{},[33,111734,111735],{},"You can pass one or more arguments.",[33,111737,111738],{},"Each argument can be a set or another iterable.",[33,111740,111741],{},"The method returns a new set with all unique items.",[14,111743,111744],{},"Example with two sets:",[60,111746,111748],{"className":62,"code":111747,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\nprint(result)\n",[17,111749,111750,111766,111782,111786,111804],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,111751,111752,111754,111756,111758,111760,111762,111764],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,111753,2421],{"class":75},[69,111755,80],{"class":79},[69,111757,10128],{"class":83},[69,111759,473],{"class":87},[69,111761,91],{"class":83},[69,111763,316],{"class":87},[69,111765,8945],{"class":83},[69,111767,111768,111770,111772,111774,111776,111778,111780],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,111769,2449],{"class":75},[69,111771,80],{"class":79},[69,111773,10128],{"class":83},[69,111775,821],{"class":87},[69,111777,91],{"class":83},[69,111779,516],{"class":87},[69,111781,8945],{"class":83},[69,111783,111784],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,111785,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,111787,111788,111790,111792,111794,111796,111798,111800,111802],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,111789,839],{"class":75},[69,111791,80],{"class":79},[69,111793,56557],{"class":75},[69,111795,25],{"class":83},[69,111797,110944],{"class":121},[69,111799,113],{"class":83},[69,111801,4587],{"class":121},[69,111803,221],{"class":83},[69,111805,111806,111808,111810,111812],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,111807,110],{"class":109},[69,111809,113],{"class":83},[69,111811,876],{"class":121},[69,111813,221],{"class":83},[141,111815,21621],{"id":21620},[14,111817,111818,100441,111820,25],{},[17,111819,107718],{},[22,111821,100444],{},[14,111823,111824],{},"That returned set contains every unique item found in:",[30,111826,111827,111830],{},[33,111828,111829],{},"the original set",[33,111831,111832,111833],{},"all arguments passed to ",[17,111834,102474],{},[14,111836,2076],{},[60,111838,111840],{"className":62,"code":111839,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\n\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)       # {1, 2}\n",[17,111841,111842,111858,111874,111878,111896,111900,111913],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,111843,111844,111846,111848,111850,111852,111854,111856],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,111845,2421],{"class":75},[69,111847,80],{"class":79},[69,111849,10128],{"class":83},[69,111851,473],{"class":87},[69,111853,91],{"class":83},[69,111855,316],{"class":87},[69,111857,8945],{"class":83},[69,111859,111860,111862,111864,111866,111868,111870,111872],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,111861,2449],{"class":75},[69,111863,80],{"class":79},[69,111865,10128],{"class":83},[69,111867,821],{"class":87},[69,111869,91],{"class":83},[69,111871,516],{"class":87},[69,111873,8945],{"class":83},[69,111875,111876],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,111877,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,111879,111880,111882,111884,111886,111888,111890,111892,111894],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,111881,839],{"class":75},[69,111883,80],{"class":79},[69,111885,56557],{"class":75},[69,111887,25],{"class":83},[69,111889,110944],{"class":121},[69,111891,113],{"class":83},[69,111893,4587],{"class":121},[69,111895,221],{"class":83},[69,111897,111898],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,111899,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,111901,111902,111904,111906,111908,111910],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,111903,110],{"class":109},[69,111905,113],{"class":83},[69,111907,876],{"class":121},[69,111909,3525],{"class":83},[69,111911,111912],{"class":128},"  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[69,111914,111915,111917,111919,111921,111923],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,111916,110],{"class":109},[69,111918,113],{"class":83},[69,111920,192],{"class":121},[69,111922,3525],{"class":83},[69,111924,111925],{"class":128},"       # {1, 2}\n",[14,111927,2152,111928,111930],{},[17,111929,192],{}," did not change.",[14,111932,110548],{},[30,111934,111935,111937],{},[33,111936,110553],{},[33,111938,111939],{},"printed output order is not guaranteed",[14,111941,111942],{},"So you may see the same values in a different order.",[141,111944,11116],{"id":11115},[14,111946,111947],{},"Here is a basic example with overlapping values:",[60,111949,111951],{"className":62,"code":111950,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"fruits1 = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits2 = {\"banana\", \"grape\", \"orange\"}\n\nresult = fruits1.union(fruits2)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits1)\n",[17,111952,111953,111986,112019,112023,112043,112047,112057],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,111954,111955,111958,111960,111962,111964,111966,111968,111970,111972,111974,111976,111978,111980,111982,111984],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,111956,111957],{"class":75},"fruits1 ",[69,111959,80],{"class":79},[69,111961,10128],{"class":83},[69,111963,333],{"class":94},[69,111965,952],{"class":336},[69,111967,333],{"class":94},[69,111969,91],{"class":83},[69,111971,964],{"class":94},[69,111973,967],{"class":336},[69,111975,333],{"class":94},[69,111977,91],{"class":83},[69,111979,964],{"class":94},[69,111981,32877],{"class":336},[69,111983,333],{"class":94},[69,111985,8945],{"class":83},[69,111987,111988,111991,111993,111995,111997,111999,112001,112003,112005,112007,112009,112011,112013,112015,112017],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,111989,111990],{"class":75},"fruits2 ",[69,111992,80],{"class":79},[69,111994,10128],{"class":83},[69,111996,333],{"class":94},[69,111998,967],{"class":336},[69,112000,333],{"class":94},[69,112002,91],{"class":83},[69,112004,964],{"class":94},[69,112006,22184],{"class":336},[69,112008,333],{"class":94},[69,112010,91],{"class":83},[69,112012,964],{"class":94},[69,112014,32877],{"class":336},[69,112016,333],{"class":94},[69,112018,8945],{"class":83},[69,112020,112021],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,112022,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,112024,112025,112027,112029,112032,112034,112036,112038,112041],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,112026,839],{"class":75},[69,112028,80],{"class":79},[69,112030,112031],{"class":75}," fruits1",[69,112033,25],{"class":83},[69,112035,110944],{"class":121},[69,112037,113],{"class":83},[69,112039,112040],{"class":121},"fruits2",[69,112042,221],{"class":83},[69,112044,112045],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,112046,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,112048,112049,112051,112053,112055],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,112050,110],{"class":109},[69,112052,113],{"class":83},[69,112054,876],{"class":121},[69,112056,221],{"class":83},[69,112058,112059,112061,112063,112066],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,112060,110],{"class":109},[69,112062,113],{"class":83},[69,112064,112065],{"class":121},"fruits1",[69,112067,221],{"class":83},[14,112069,29684],{},[60,112071,112073],{"className":62,"code":112072,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple', 'grape'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n",[17,112074,112075,112111],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,112076,112077,112079,112081,112083,112085,112087,112089,112091,112093,112095,112097,112099,112101,112103,112105,112107,112109],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,112078,8914],{"class":83},[69,112080,488],{"class":94},[69,112082,967],{"class":336},[69,112084,488],{"class":94},[69,112086,91],{"class":83},[69,112088,3161],{"class":94},[69,112090,32877],{"class":336},[69,112092,488],{"class":94},[69,112094,91],{"class":83},[69,112096,3161],{"class":94},[69,112098,952],{"class":336},[69,112100,488],{"class":94},[69,112102,91],{"class":83},[69,112104,3161],{"class":94},[69,112106,22184],{"class":336},[69,112108,488],{"class":94},[69,112110,8945],{"class":83},[69,112112,112113,112115,112117,112119,112121,112123,112125,112127,112129,112131,112133,112135,112137],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,112114,8914],{"class":83},[69,112116,488],{"class":94},[69,112118,967],{"class":336},[69,112120,488],{"class":94},[69,112122,91],{"class":83},[69,112124,3161],{"class":94},[69,112126,32877],{"class":336},[69,112128,488],{"class":94},[69,112130,91],{"class":83},[69,112132,3161],{"class":94},[69,112134,952],{"class":336},[69,112136,488],{"class":94},[69,112138,8945],{"class":83},[14,112140,112141],{},"What this shows:",[30,112143,112144,112151,112154],{},[33,112145,112146,587,112148,112150],{},[17,112147,64946],{},[17,112149,65373],{}," appear in both sets",[33,112152,112153],{},"they appear only once in the result",[33,112155,112156,112158],{},[17,112157,112065],{}," stays unchanged",[141,112160,8050,112162,100833],{"id":112161},"using-union-with-multiple-sets",[17,112163,102474],{},[14,112165,112166],{},"You can combine three or more sets in one call.",[60,112168,112170],{"className":62,"code":112169,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"set1 = {1, 2}\nset2 = {2, 3}\nset3 = {3, 4}\nset4 = {4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2, set3, set4)\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,112171,112172,112188,112204,112221,112238,112242,112269,112273],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,112173,112174,112176,112178,112180,112182,112184,112186],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,112175,110376],{"class":75},[69,112177,80],{"class":79},[69,112179,10128],{"class":83},[69,112181,473],{"class":87},[69,112183,91],{"class":83},[69,112185,316],{"class":87},[69,112187,8945],{"class":83},[69,112189,112190,112192,112194,112196,112198,112200,112202],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,112191,110397],{"class":75},[69,112193,80],{"class":79},[69,112195,10128],{"class":83},[69,112197,821],{"class":87},[69,112199,91],{"class":83},[69,112201,516],{"class":87},[69,112203,8945],{"class":83},[69,112205,112206,112209,112211,112213,112215,112217,112219],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,112207,112208],{"class":75},"set3 ",[69,112210,80],{"class":79},[69,112212,10128],{"class":83},[69,112214,1929],{"class":87},[69,112216,91],{"class":83},[69,112218,2323],{"class":87},[69,112220,8945],{"class":83},[69,112222,112223,112226,112228,112230,112232,112234,112236],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,112224,112225],{"class":75},"set4 ",[69,112227,80],{"class":79},[69,112229,10128],{"class":83},[69,112231,808],{"class":87},[69,112233,91],{"class":83},[69,112235,100],{"class":87},[69,112237,8945],{"class":83},[69,112239,112240],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,112241,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,112243,112244,112246,112248,112250,112252,112254,112256,112258,112260,112262,112264,112267],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,112245,839],{"class":75},[69,112247,80],{"class":79},[69,112249,110426],{"class":75},[69,112251,25],{"class":83},[69,112253,110944],{"class":121},[69,112255,113],{"class":83},[69,112257,100269],{"class":121},[69,112259,91],{"class":83},[69,112261,100296],{"class":121},[69,112263,91],{"class":83},[69,112265,112266],{"class":121}," set4",[69,112268,221],{"class":83},[69,112270,112271],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,112272,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,112274,112275,112277,112279,112281],{"class":71,"line":1269},[69,112276,110],{"class":109},[69,112278,113],{"class":83},[69,112280,876],{"class":121},[69,112282,221],{"class":83},[14,112284,29684],{},[60,112286,112288],{"className":62,"code":112287,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[17,112289,112290],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,112291,112292,112294,112296,112298,112300,112302,112304,112306,112308,112310,112312],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,112293,8914],{"class":83},[69,112295,473],{"class":87},[69,112297,91],{"class":83},[69,112299,316],{"class":87},[69,112301,91],{"class":83},[69,112303,516],{"class":87},[69,112305,91],{"class":83},[69,112307,2323],{"class":87},[69,112309,91],{"class":83},[69,112311,100],{"class":87},[69,112313,8945],{"class":83},[14,112315,112316],{},"This is useful when collecting unique values from many sources.",[141,112318,8050,112320,112322],{"id":112319},"using-union-with-other-iterables",[17,112321,102474],{}," with other iterables",[14,112324,112325,112327],{},[17,112326,102474],{}," does not only work with sets. It also accepts other iterables such as lists and tuples.",[1369,112329,112331],{"id":112330},"with-a-list","With a list",[60,112333,112335],{"className":62,"code":112334,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nmore_numbers = [3, 4, 5, 5]\n\nresult = numbers.union(more_numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[17,112336,112337,112357,112381,112385,112403],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,112338,112339,112341,112343,112345,112347,112349,112351,112353,112355],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,112340,801],{"class":75},[69,112342,80],{"class":79},[69,112344,10128],{"class":83},[69,112346,473],{"class":87},[69,112348,91],{"class":83},[69,112350,316],{"class":87},[69,112352,91],{"class":83},[69,112354,516],{"class":87},[69,112356,8945],{"class":83},[69,112358,112359,112361,112363,112365,112367,112369,112371,112373,112375,112377,112379],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,112360,60718],{"class":75},[69,112362,80],{"class":79},[69,112364,84],{"class":83},[69,112366,1929],{"class":87},[69,112368,91],{"class":83},[69,112370,2323],{"class":87},[69,112372,91],{"class":83},[69,112374,100],{"class":87},[69,112376,91],{"class":83},[69,112378,100],{"class":87},[69,112380,103],{"class":83},[69,112382,112383],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,112384,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,112386,112387,112389,112391,112393,112395,112397,112399,112401],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,112388,839],{"class":75},[69,112390,80],{"class":79},[69,112392,865],{"class":75},[69,112394,25],{"class":83},[69,112396,110944],{"class":121},[69,112398,113],{"class":83},[69,112400,60747],{"class":121},[69,112402,221],{"class":83},[69,112404,112405,112407,112409,112411],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,112406,110],{"class":109},[69,112408,113],{"class":83},[69,112410,876],{"class":121},[69,112412,221],{"class":83},[14,112414,29684],{},[60,112416,112417],{"className":62,"code":112287,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,112418,112419],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,112420,112421,112423,112425,112427,112429,112431,112433,112435,112437,112439,112441],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,112422,8914],{"class":83},[69,112424,473],{"class":87},[69,112426,91],{"class":83},[69,112428,316],{"class":87},[69,112430,91],{"class":83},[69,112432,516],{"class":87},[69,112434,91],{"class":83},[69,112436,2323],{"class":87},[69,112438,91],{"class":83},[69,112440,100],{"class":87},[69,112442,8945],{"class":83},[14,112444,20628,112445,112447],{},[17,112446,670],{}," appears twice in the list, it appears only once in the result.",[1369,112449,112451],{"id":112450},"with-a-tuple","With a tuple",[60,112453,112455],{"className":62,"code":112454,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nmore_letters = (\"b\", \"c\", \"d\")\n\nresult = letters.union(more_letters)\nprint(result)\n",[17,112456,112457,112481,112514,112518,112537],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,112458,112459,112461,112463,112465,112467,112469,112471,112473,112475,112477,112479],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,112460,35750],{"class":75},[69,112462,80],{"class":79},[69,112464,10128],{"class":83},[69,112466,333],{"class":94},[69,112468,192],{"class":336},[69,112470,333],{"class":94},[69,112472,91],{"class":83},[69,112474,964],{"class":94},[69,112476,4587],{"class":336},[69,112478,333],{"class":94},[69,112480,8945],{"class":83},[69,112482,112483,112486,112488,112490,112492,112494,112496,112498,112500,112502,112504,112506,112508,112510,112512],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,112484,112485],{"class":75},"more_letters ",[69,112487,80],{"class":79},[69,112489,8872],{"class":83},[69,112491,333],{"class":94},[69,112493,4587],{"class":336},[69,112495,333],{"class":94},[69,112497,91],{"class":83},[69,112499,964],{"class":94},[69,112501,9376],{"class":336},[69,112503,333],{"class":94},[69,112505,91],{"class":83},[69,112507,964],{"class":94},[69,112509,18417],{"class":336},[69,112511,333],{"class":94},[69,112513,221],{"class":83},[69,112515,112516],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,112517,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,112519,112520,112522,112524,112526,112528,112530,112532,112535],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,112521,839],{"class":75},[69,112523,80],{"class":79},[69,112525,69768],{"class":75},[69,112527,25],{"class":83},[69,112529,110944],{"class":121},[69,112531,113],{"class":83},[69,112533,112534],{"class":121},"more_letters",[69,112536,221],{"class":83},[69,112538,112539,112541,112543,112545],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,112540,110],{"class":109},[69,112542,113],{"class":83},[69,112544,876],{"class":121},[69,112546,221],{"class":83},[14,112548,29684],{},[60,112550,112552],{"className":62,"code":112551,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'}\n",[17,112553,112554],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,112555,112556,112558,112560,112562,112564,112566,112568,112570,112572,112574,112576,112578,112580,112582,112584,112586,112588],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,112557,8914],{"class":83},[69,112559,488],{"class":94},[69,112561,192],{"class":336},[69,112563,488],{"class":94},[69,112565,91],{"class":83},[69,112567,3161],{"class":94},[69,112569,4587],{"class":336},[69,112571,488],{"class":94},[69,112573,91],{"class":83},[69,112575,3161],{"class":94},[69,112577,9376],{"class":336},[69,112579,488],{"class":94},[69,112581,91],{"class":83},[69,112583,3161],{"class":94},[69,112585,18417],{"class":336},[69,112587,488],{"class":94},[69,112589,8945],{"class":83},[1369,112591,112593],{"id":112592},"with-a-string","With a string",[14,112595,112596],{},"A string is treated as an iterable of individual characters.",[60,112598,112600],{"className":62,"code":112599,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"chars = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nresult = chars.union(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,112601,112602,112627,112650,112654],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,112603,112604,112607,112609,112611,112613,112615,112617,112619,112621,112623,112625],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,112605,112606],{"class":75},"chars ",[69,112608,80],{"class":79},[69,112610,10128],{"class":83},[69,112612,333],{"class":94},[69,112614,192],{"class":336},[69,112616,333],{"class":94},[69,112618,91],{"class":83},[69,112620,964],{"class":94},[69,112622,4587],{"class":336},[69,112624,333],{"class":94},[69,112626,8945],{"class":83},[69,112628,112629,112631,112633,112636,112638,112640,112642,112644,112646,112648],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,112630,839],{"class":75},[69,112632,80],{"class":79},[69,112634,112635],{"class":75}," chars",[69,112637,25],{"class":83},[69,112639,110944],{"class":121},[69,112641,113],{"class":83},[69,112643,333],{"class":94},[69,112645,36708],{"class":336},[69,112647,333],{"class":94},[69,112649,221],{"class":83},[69,112651,112652],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,112653,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,112655,112656,112658,112660,112662],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,112657,110],{"class":109},[69,112659,113],{"class":83},[69,112661,876],{"class":121},[69,112663,221],{"class":83},[14,112665,29684],{},[60,112667,112669],{"className":62,"code":112668,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 't'}\n",[17,112670,112671],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,112672,112673,112675,112677,112679,112681,112683,112685,112687,112689,112691,112693,112695,112697,112699,112701,112703,112705],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,112674,8914],{"class":83},[69,112676,488],{"class":94},[69,112678,192],{"class":336},[69,112680,488],{"class":94},[69,112682,91],{"class":83},[69,112684,3161],{"class":94},[69,112686,4587],{"class":336},[69,112688,488],{"class":94},[69,112690,91],{"class":83},[69,112692,3161],{"class":94},[69,112694,9376],{"class":336},[69,112696,488],{"class":94},[69,112698,91],{"class":83},[69,112700,3161],{"class":94},[69,112702,62958],{"class":336},[69,112704,488],{"class":94},[69,112706,8945],{"class":83},[14,112708,21840,112709,112712],{},[17,112710,112711],{},"\"cat\""," is processed as:",[30,112714,112715,112719,112723],{},[33,112716,112717],{},[17,112718,66153],{},[33,112720,112721],{},[17,112722,17745],{},[33,112724,112725],{},[17,112726,112727],{},"\"t\"",[141,112729,112731,10223,112733],{"id":112730},"union-vs-update",[17,112732,102474],{},[17,112734,14600],{},[14,112736,112737,587,112739,112741],{},[17,112738,102474],{},[17,112740,14600],{}," are similar, but they behave differently.",[1369,112743,112744],{"id":110944},[17,112745,102474],{},[30,112747,112748,112750],{},[33,112749,110306],{},[33,112751,110315],{},[60,112753,112754],{"className":62,"code":111839,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,112755,112756,112772,112788,112792,112810,112814,112826],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,112757,112758,112760,112762,112764,112766,112768,112770],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,112759,2421],{"class":75},[69,112761,80],{"class":79},[69,112763,10128],{"class":83},[69,112765,473],{"class":87},[69,112767,91],{"class":83},[69,112769,316],{"class":87},[69,112771,8945],{"class":83},[69,112773,112774,112776,112778,112780,112782,112784,112786],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,112775,2449],{"class":75},[69,112777,80],{"class":79},[69,112779,10128],{"class":83},[69,112781,821],{"class":87},[69,112783,91],{"class":83},[69,112785,516],{"class":87},[69,112787,8945],{"class":83},[69,112789,112790],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,112791,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,112793,112794,112796,112798,112800,112802,112804,112806,112808],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,112795,839],{"class":75},[69,112797,80],{"class":79},[69,112799,56557],{"class":75},[69,112801,25],{"class":83},[69,112803,110944],{"class":121},[69,112805,113],{"class":83},[69,112807,4587],{"class":121},[69,112809,221],{"class":83},[69,112811,112812],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,112813,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,112815,112816,112818,112820,112822,112824],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,112817,110],{"class":109},[69,112819,113],{"class":83},[69,112821,876],{"class":121},[69,112823,3525],{"class":83},[69,112825,111912],{"class":128},[69,112827,112828,112830,112832,112834,112836],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,112829,110],{"class":109},[69,112831,113],{"class":83},[69,112833,192],{"class":121},[69,112835,3525],{"class":83},[69,112837,111925],{"class":128},[1369,112839,112840],{"id":30119},[17,112841,14600],{},[30,112843,112844,112847],{},[33,112845,112846],{},"changes the existing set in place",[33,112848,112849],{},"does not create a separate result set",[60,112851,112853],{"className":62,"code":112852,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\n\nprint(a)  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[17,112854,112855,112871,112887,112891,112905,112909],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,112856,112857,112859,112861,112863,112865,112867,112869],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,112858,2421],{"class":75},[69,112860,80],{"class":79},[69,112862,10128],{"class":83},[69,112864,473],{"class":87},[69,112866,91],{"class":83},[69,112868,316],{"class":87},[69,112870,8945],{"class":83},[69,112872,112873,112875,112877,112879,112881,112883,112885],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,112874,2449],{"class":75},[69,112876,80],{"class":79},[69,112878,10128],{"class":83},[69,112880,821],{"class":87},[69,112882,91],{"class":83},[69,112884,516],{"class":87},[69,112886,8945],{"class":83},[69,112888,112889],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,112890,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,112892,112893,112895,112897,112899,112901,112903],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,112894,192],{"class":75},[69,112896,25],{"class":83},[69,112898,30119],{"class":121},[69,112900,113],{"class":83},[69,112902,4587],{"class":121},[69,112904,221],{"class":83},[69,112906,112907],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,112908,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,112910,112911,112913,112915,112917,112919],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,112912,110],{"class":109},[69,112914,113],{"class":83},[69,112916,192],{"class":121},[69,112918,3525],{"class":83},[69,112920,111912],{"class":128},[14,112922,132,112923,112925],{},[17,112924,102474],{}," when you want to keep the original set unchanged.",[14,112927,112928,112929,25],{},"For the in-place version, see ",[192,112930,3441,112931,10379],{"href":98194},[17,112932,96989],{},[141,112934,1362],{"id":1361},[1369,112936,8086,112938,112940],{"id":112937},"expecting-union-to-change-the-original-set",[17,112939,102474],{}," to change the original set",[14,112942,81499],{},[60,112944,112946],{"className":62,"code":112945,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[17,112947,112948,112964,112980,112984,112998],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,112949,112950,112952,112954,112956,112958,112960,112962],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,112951,2421],{"class":75},[69,112953,80],{"class":79},[69,112955,10128],{"class":83},[69,112957,473],{"class":87},[69,112959,91],{"class":83},[69,112961,316],{"class":87},[69,112963,8945],{"class":83},[69,112965,112966,112968,112970,112972,112974,112976,112978],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,112967,2449],{"class":75},[69,112969,80],{"class":79},[69,112971,10128],{"class":83},[69,112973,821],{"class":87},[69,112975,91],{"class":83},[69,112977,516],{"class":87},[69,112979,8945],{"class":83},[69,112981,112982],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,112983,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,112985,112986,112988,112990,112992,112994,112996],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,112987,192],{"class":75},[69,112989,25],{"class":83},[69,112991,110944],{"class":121},[69,112993,113],{"class":83},[69,112995,4587],{"class":121},[69,112997,221],{"class":83},[69,112999,113000,113002,113004,113006],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,113001,110],{"class":109},[69,113003,113],{"class":83},[69,113005,192],{"class":121},[69,113007,221],{"class":83},[14,113009,643],{},[60,113011,113012],{"className":62,"code":100182,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,113013,113014],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,113015,113016,113018,113020,113022,113024],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,113017,8914],{"class":83},[69,113019,473],{"class":87},[69,113021,91],{"class":83},[69,113023,316],{"class":87},[69,113025,8945],{"class":83},[14,113027,8129,113028,113030],{},[17,113029,102474],{}," returned a new set, but you did not save it.",[14,113032,113033],{},"Fix it like this:",[60,113035,113037],{"className":62,"code":113036,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na = a.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[17,113038,113039,113055,113071,113075,113093],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,113040,113041,113043,113045,113047,113049,113051,113053],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,113042,2421],{"class":75},[69,113044,80],{"class":79},[69,113046,10128],{"class":83},[69,113048,473],{"class":87},[69,113050,91],{"class":83},[69,113052,316],{"class":87},[69,113054,8945],{"class":83},[69,113056,113057,113059,113061,113063,113065,113067,113069],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,113058,2449],{"class":75},[69,113060,80],{"class":79},[69,113062,10128],{"class":83},[69,113064,821],{"class":87},[69,113066,91],{"class":83},[69,113068,516],{"class":87},[69,113070,8945],{"class":83},[69,113072,113073],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,113074,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,113076,113077,113079,113081,113083,113085,113087,113089,113091],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,113078,2421],{"class":75},[69,113080,80],{"class":79},[69,113082,56557],{"class":75},[69,113084,25],{"class":83},[69,113086,110944],{"class":121},[69,113088,113],{"class":83},[69,113090,4587],{"class":121},[69,113092,221],{"class":83},[69,113094,113095,113097,113099,113101],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,113096,110],{"class":109},[69,113098,113],{"class":83},[69,113100,192],{"class":121},[69,113102,221],{"class":83},[1369,113104,113106],{"id":113105},"assuming-the-result-keeps-insertion-order","Assuming the result keeps insertion order",[14,113108,113109],{},"Sets are unordered. Do not rely on the printed order.",[60,113111,113113],{"className":62,"code":113112,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = {3, 1}\nb = {2, 4}\n\nprint(a.union(b))\n",[17,113114,113115,113131,113147,113151],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,113116,113117,113119,113121,113123,113125,113127,113129],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,113118,2421],{"class":75},[69,113120,80],{"class":79},[69,113122,10128],{"class":83},[69,113124,1929],{"class":87},[69,113126,91],{"class":83},[69,113128,272],{"class":87},[69,113130,8945],{"class":83},[69,113132,113133,113135,113137,113139,113141,113143,113145],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,113134,2449],{"class":75},[69,113136,80],{"class":79},[69,113138,10128],{"class":83},[69,113140,821],{"class":87},[69,113142,91],{"class":83},[69,113144,2323],{"class":87},[69,113146,8945],{"class":83},[69,113148,113149],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,113150,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,113152,113153,113155,113157,113159,113161,113163,113165,113167],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,113154,110],{"class":109},[69,113156,113],{"class":83},[69,113158,192],{"class":121},[69,113160,25],{"class":83},[69,113162,110944],{"class":121},[69,113164,113],{"class":83},[69,113166,4587],{"class":121},[69,113168,342],{"class":83},[14,113170,113171],{},"The values may not appear in the order you expect.",[1369,113173,113175],{"id":113174},"passing-a-string-and-forgetting-it-becomes-characters","Passing a string and forgetting it becomes characters",[60,113177,113179],{"className":62,"code":113178,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union(\"cat\")\nprint(result)\n",[17,113180,113181,113197,113219],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,113182,113183,113185,113187,113189,113191,113193,113195],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,113184,943],{"class":75},[69,113186,80],{"class":79},[69,113188,10128],{"class":83},[69,113190,333],{"class":94},[69,113192,57797],{"class":336},[69,113194,333],{"class":94},[69,113196,8945],{"class":83},[69,113198,113199,113201,113203,113205,113207,113209,113211,113213,113215,113217],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,113200,839],{"class":75},[69,113202,80],{"class":79},[69,113204,1004],{"class":75},[69,113206,25],{"class":83},[69,113208,110944],{"class":121},[69,113210,113],{"class":83},[69,113212,333],{"class":94},[69,113214,36708],{"class":336},[69,113216,333],{"class":94},[69,113218,221],{"class":83},[69,113220,113221,113223,113225,113227],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,113222,110],{"class":109},[69,113224,113],{"class":83},[69,113226,876],{"class":121},[69,113228,221],{"class":83},[14,113230,113231,113232,2057,113234,16720,113236,113238,113239,113241],{},"This adds ",[17,113233,66153],{},[17,113235,17745],{},[17,113237,112727],{}," as separate items, not ",[17,113240,112711],{}," as one item.",[14,113243,113244],{},"If you want the whole string as one item, put it inside another iterable:",[60,113246,113248],{"className":62,"code":113247,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union([\"cat\"])\nprint(result)\n",[17,113249,113250,113266,113288],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,113251,113252,113254,113256,113258,113260,113262,113264],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,113253,943],{"class":75},[69,113255,80],{"class":79},[69,113257,10128],{"class":83},[69,113259,333],{"class":94},[69,113261,57797],{"class":336},[69,113263,333],{"class":94},[69,113265,8945],{"class":83},[69,113267,113268,113270,113272,113274,113276,113278,113280,113282,113284,113286],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,113269,839],{"class":75},[69,113271,80],{"class":79},[69,113273,1004],{"class":75},[69,113275,25],{"class":83},[69,113277,110944],{"class":121},[69,113279,260],{"class":83},[69,113281,333],{"class":94},[69,113283,36708],{"class":336},[69,113285,333],{"class":94},[69,113287,3727],{"class":83},[69,113289,113290,113292,113294,113296],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,113291,110],{"class":109},[69,113293,113],{"class":83},[69,113295,876],{"class":121},[69,113297,221],{"class":83},[1369,113299,113301],{"id":113300},"trying-to-use-unhashable-values-like-lists-inside-a-set","Trying to use unhashable values like lists inside a set",[14,113303,2705],{},[60,113305,113307],{"className":62,"code":113306,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_set = {1, 2, [3, 4]}\n",[17,113308,113309],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,113310,113311,113313,113315,113317,113319,113321,113323,113325,113327,113329,113331,113333],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,113312,15275],{"class":75},[69,113314,80],{"class":79},[69,113316,10128],{"class":83},[69,113318,473],{"class":87},[69,113320,91],{"class":83},[69,113322,316],{"class":87},[69,113324,91],{"class":83},[69,113326,84],{"class":83},[69,113328,1929],{"class":87},[69,113330,91],{"class":83},[69,113332,2323],{"class":87},[69,113334,13351],{"class":83},[14,113336,113337],{},"Lists cannot be set items because they are mutable and unhashable.",[14,113339,113340,113341,1044],{},"But a list can be used as an argument to ",[17,113342,102474],{},[60,113344,113346],{"className":62,"code":113345,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.union([3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[17,113347,113348,113364,113386],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,113349,113350,113352,113354,113356,113358,113360,113362],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,113351,15275],{"class":75},[69,113353,80],{"class":79},[69,113355,10128],{"class":83},[69,113357,473],{"class":87},[69,113359,91],{"class":83},[69,113361,316],{"class":87},[69,113363,8945],{"class":83},[69,113365,113366,113368,113370,113372,113374,113376,113378,113380,113382,113384],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,113367,839],{"class":75},[69,113369,80],{"class":79},[69,113371,96599],{"class":75},[69,113373,25],{"class":83},[69,113375,110944],{"class":121},[69,113377,260],{"class":83},[69,113379,1929],{"class":87},[69,113381,91],{"class":83},[69,113383,2323],{"class":87},[69,113385,3727],{"class":83},[69,113387,113388,113390,113392,113394],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,113389,110],{"class":109},[69,113391,113],{"class":83},[69,113393,876],{"class":121},[69,113395,221],{"class":83},[141,113397,113399],{"id":113398},"common-causes-of-confusion","Common causes of confusion",[14,113401,113402],{},"Beginners often run into problems because they:",[30,113404,113405,113411,113418,113421],{},[33,113406,113407,113408,113410],{},"call ",[17,113409,102474],{}," without saving the returned set",[33,113412,113413,113414,8339,113416],{},"confuse ",[17,113415,102474],{},[17,113417,14600],{},[33,113419,113420],{},"expect duplicates to remain in the result",[33,113422,113423],{},"use a list as a set item instead of as an iterable argument",[14,113425,113426,113427,587,113431,25],{},"If you need a different set operation, compare this method with ",[192,113428,3441,113429,10379],{"href":102463},[17,113430,106248],{},[192,113432,3441,113434,10379],{"href":113433},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method\u002F",[17,113435,100094],{},[14,113437,61966],{},[60,113439,113441],{"className":62,"code":113440,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(result)\nhelp(set.union)\n",[17,113442,113443,113453,113467,113477],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,113444,113445,113447,113449,113451],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,113446,110],{"class":109},[69,113448,113],{"class":83},[69,113450,15313],{"class":121},[69,113452,221],{"class":83},[69,113454,113455,113457,113459,113461,113463,113465],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,113456,110],{"class":109},[69,113458,113],{"class":83},[69,113460,3087],{"class":1126},[69,113462,113],{"class":83},[69,113464,15313],{"class":121},[69,113466,342],{"class":83},[69,113468,113469,113471,113473,113475],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,113470,110],{"class":109},[69,113472,113],{"class":83},[69,113474,876],{"class":121},[69,113476,221],{"class":83},[69,113478,113479,113481,113483,113485,113487,113489],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,113480,31808],{"class":109},[69,113482,113],{"class":83},[69,113484,1127],{"class":1126},[69,113486,25],{"class":83},[69,113488,110944],{"class":24402},[69,113490,221],{"class":83},[141,113492,1651],{"id":1650},[1369,113494,12347,113496,102414],{"id":113495},"does-setunion-change-the-original-set",[17,113497,107718],{},[14,113499,102417],{},[1369,113501,4996,113503,113505],{"id":113502},"can-union-combine-more-than-two-sets",[17,113504,102474],{}," combine more than two sets?",[14,113507,113508],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables in one call.",[1369,113510,27982,113512,113514],{"id":113511},"can-i-use-union-with-a-list-or-tuple",[17,113513,102474],{}," with a list or tuple?",[14,113516,41816,113517,113519],{},[17,113518,102474],{}," accepts other iterables, not just sets.",[1369,113521,113523],{"id":113522},"why-is-the-output-order-different-from-my-input","Why is the output order different from my input?",[14,113525,113526],{},"Sets are unordered, so their printed order is not guaranteed.",[1369,113528,5006,113530,587,113532,2359],{"id":113529},"what-is-the-difference-between-union-and",[17,113531,102474],{},[17,113533,113534],{},"|",[14,113536,113537,113538,113540,113541,113543],{},"They both combine sets. The ",[17,113539,113534],{}," operator is shorter, but ",[17,113542,102474],{}," can be clearer for beginners.",[141,113545,1771],{"id":1770},[30,113547,113548,113552,113558,113564,113570],{},[33,113549,113550],{},[192,113551,96003],{"href":97174},[33,113553,113554],{},[192,113555,3441,113556,10379],{"href":98194},[17,113557,96989],{},[33,113559,113560],{},[192,113561,3441,113562,10379],{"href":102463},[17,113563,106248],{},[33,113565,113566],{},[192,113567,3441,113568,10379],{"href":113433},[17,113569,100094],{},[33,113571,113572],{},[192,113573,100019],{"href":98752},[1802,113575,113576],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":113578},[113579,113580,113582,113583,113584,113585,113587,113593,113598,113605,113606,113617],{"id":1869,"depth":106,"text":1870},{"id":111674,"depth":106,"text":113581},"What set.union() does",{"id":2023,"depth":106,"text":2024},{"id":21620,"depth":106,"text":21621},{"id":11115,"depth":106,"text":11116},{"id":112161,"depth":106,"text":113586},"Using union() with multiple sets",{"id":112319,"depth":106,"text":113588,"children":113589},"Using union() with other iterables",[113590,113591,113592],{"id":112330,"depth":300,"text":112331},{"id":112450,"depth":300,"text":112451},{"id":112592,"depth":300,"text":112593},{"id":112730,"depth":106,"text":113594,"children":113595},"union() vs update()",[113596,113597],{"id":110944,"depth":300,"text":102474},{"id":30119,"depth":300,"text":14600},{"id":1361,"depth":106,"text":1362,"children":113599},[113600,113602,113603,113604],{"id":112937,"depth":300,"text":113601},"Expecting union() to change the original set",{"id":113105,"depth":300,"text":113106},{"id":113174,"depth":300,"text":113175},{"id":113300,"depth":300,"text":113301},{"id":113398,"depth":106,"text":113399},{"id":1650,"depth":106,"text":1651,"children":113607},[113608,113610,113612,113614,113615],{"id":113495,"depth":300,"text":113609},"Does set.union() change the original set?",{"id":113502,"depth":300,"text":113611},"Can union() combine more than two sets?",{"id":113511,"depth":300,"text":113613},"Can I use union() with a list or tuple?",{"id":113522,"depth":300,"text":113523},{"id":113529,"depth":300,"text":113616},"What is the difference between union() and |?",{"id":1770,"depth":106,"text":1771},"Master python set union method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":111554,"description":113618},"reference\u002Fpython-set-union-method","D6cPAK59nZf4j4OQgu4vv6gSQXcaH0E3a84fD3g94Kw",{"id":113624,"title":113625,"body":113626,"description":115515,"extension":1828,"meta":115516,"navigation":833,"path":96488,"seo":115517,"stem":115518,"__hash__":115519},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method.md","Python Set update() Method",{"type":7,"value":113627,"toc":115481},[113628,113633,113638,113646,113648,113706,113711,113716,113720,113732,113735,113809,113814,113816,113818,113837,113839,113856,113859,113886,113888,113958,113962,113964,113970,113972,114033,114038,114040,114097,114101,114106,114171,114173,114193,114200,114204,114209,114294,114297,114304,114407,114411,114416,114474,114477,114488,114502,114509,114567,114574,114577,114587,114591,114649,114653,114719,114722,114780,114787,114794,114797,114801,114810,114879,114883,114889,114977,114987,114991,114995,114999,115002,115063,115068,115125,115129,115131,115166,115173,115175,115229,115236,115240,115243,115308,115317,115323,115380,115382,115387,115391,115395,115398,115405,115413,115417,115422,115426,115432,115434,115469,115478],[10,113629,95875,113631,10962],{"id":113630},"python-set-update-method",[17,113632,14600],{},[14,113634,113635,113637],{},[17,113636,96989],{}," adds multiple items from another iterable into an existing set.",[14,113639,113640,113641,113645],{},"Use it when you want to change a set in place with values from a list, tuple, set, string, or another iterable. It is different from ",[192,113642,113643],{"href":98175},[17,113644,95883],{},", which adds only one item.",[141,113647,3473],{"id":3472},[60,113649,113651],{"className":62,"code":113650,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[17,113652,113653,113669,113691,113701],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,113654,113655,113657,113659,113661,113663,113665,113667],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,113656,801],{"class":75},[69,113658,80],{"class":79},[69,113660,10128],{"class":83},[69,113662,473],{"class":87},[69,113664,91],{"class":83},[69,113666,316],{"class":87},[69,113668,8945],{"class":83},[69,113670,113671,113673,113675,113677,113679,113681,113683,113685,113687,113689],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,113672,3512],{"class":75},[69,113674,25],{"class":83},[69,113676,30119],{"class":121},[69,113678,260],{"class":83},[69,113680,821],{"class":87},[69,113682,91],{"class":83},[69,113684,516],{"class":87},[69,113686,91],{"class":83},[69,113688,2323],{"class":87},[69,113690,3727],{"class":83},[69,113692,113693,113695,113697,113699],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,113694,110],{"class":109},[69,113696,113],{"class":83},[69,113698,3512],{"class":121},[69,113700,221],{"class":83},[69,113702,113703],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,113704,113705],{"class":128},"# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[14,113707,132,113708,113710],{},[17,113709,14600],{}," to add multiple items from a list, tuple, set, or other iterable into an existing set.",[141,113712,3540,113714,3543],{"id":113713},"what-setupdate-does",[17,113715,96989],{},[14,113717,113718,1044],{},[17,113719,96989],{},[30,113721,113722,113725,113727,113730],{},[33,113723,113724],{},"Adds items from another iterable into the current set",[33,113726,95990],{},[33,113728,113729],{},"Ignores duplicate values automatically",[33,113731,95993],{},[14,113733,113734],{},"This means the set itself is modified.",[60,113736,113738],{"className":62,"code":113737,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.update([\"blue\", \"green\"])\n\nprint(colors)\n# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[17,113739,113740,113764,113790,113794,113804],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,113741,113742,113744,113746,113748,113750,113752,113754,113756,113758,113760,113762],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,113743,12720],{"class":75},[69,113745,80],{"class":79},[69,113747,10128],{"class":83},[69,113749,333],{"class":94},[69,113751,12737],{"class":336},[69,113753,333],{"class":94},[69,113755,91],{"class":83},[69,113757,964],{"class":94},[69,113759,12754],{"class":336},[69,113761,333],{"class":94},[69,113763,8945],{"class":83},[69,113765,113766,113768,113770,113772,113774,113776,113778,113780,113782,113784,113786,113788],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,113767,17151],{"class":75},[69,113769,25],{"class":83},[69,113771,30119],{"class":121},[69,113773,260],{"class":83},[69,113775,333],{"class":94},[69,113777,12754],{"class":336},[69,113779,333],{"class":94},[69,113781,91],{"class":83},[69,113783,964],{"class":94},[69,113785,17104],{"class":336},[69,113787,333],{"class":94},[69,113789,3727],{"class":83},[69,113791,113792],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,113793,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,113795,113796,113798,113800,113802],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,113797,110],{"class":109},[69,113799,113],{"class":83},[69,113801,17151],{"class":121},[69,113803,221],{"class":83},[69,113805,113806],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,113807,113808],{"class":128},"# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[14,113810,20628,113811,113813],{},[17,113812,110709],{}," was added again, it appears only once because sets store unique values.",[141,113815,2024],{"id":2023},[14,113817,6846],{},[60,113819,113821],{"className":62,"code":113820,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_set.update(iterable)\n",[17,113822,113823],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,113824,113825,113827,113829,113831,113833,113835],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,113826,15313],{"class":75},[69,113828,25],{"class":83},[69,113830,30119],{"class":121},[69,113832,113],{"class":83},[69,113834,218],{"class":121},[69,113836,221],{"class":83},[14,113838,79875],{},[30,113840,113841,113844,113847,113850,113853],{},[33,113842,113843],{},"A list",[33,113845,113846],{},"A tuple",[33,113848,113849],{},"Another set",[33,113851,113852],{},"A string",[33,113854,113855],{},"Any other iterable",[14,113857,113858],{},"You can also pass multiple iterables at once:",[60,113860,113862],{"className":62,"code":113861,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_set.update(a, b, c)\n",[17,113863,113864],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,113865,113866,113868,113870,113872,113874,113876,113878,113880,113882,113884],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,113867,15313],{"class":75},[69,113869,25],{"class":83},[69,113871,30119],{"class":121},[69,113873,113],{"class":83},[69,113875,192],{"class":121},[69,113877,91],{"class":83},[69,113879,2426],{"class":121},[69,113881,91],{"class":83},[69,113883,9318],{"class":121},[69,113885,221],{"class":83},[14,113887,2076],{},[60,113889,113891],{"className":62,"code":113890,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"values = {1}\nvalues.update([2, 3], (4, 5), {6})\n\nprint(values)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[17,113892,113893,113905,113939,113943,113953],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,113894,113895,113897,113899,113901,113903],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,113896,76],{"class":75},[69,113898,80],{"class":79},[69,113900,10128],{"class":83},[69,113902,473],{"class":87},[69,113904,8945],{"class":83},[69,113906,113907,113909,113911,113913,113915,113917,113919,113921,113923,113925,113927,113929,113931,113933,113935,113937],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,113908,122],{"class":75},[69,113910,25],{"class":83},[69,113912,30119],{"class":121},[69,113914,260],{"class":83},[69,113916,821],{"class":87},[69,113918,91],{"class":83},[69,113920,516],{"class":87},[69,113922,17711],{"class":83},[69,113924,8872],{"class":83},[69,113926,808],{"class":87},[69,113928,91],{"class":83},[69,113930,100],{"class":87},[69,113932,8869],{"class":83},[69,113934,10128],{"class":83},[69,113936,80266],{"class":87},[69,113938,30151],{"class":83},[69,113940,113941],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,113942,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,113944,113945,113947,113949,113951],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,113946,110],{"class":109},[69,113948,113],{"class":83},[69,113950,122],{"class":121},[69,113952,221],{"class":83},[69,113954,113955],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,113956,113957],{"class":128},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[14,113959,95999,113960,25],{},[192,113961,96007],{"href":97558},[141,113963,21621],{"id":21620},[14,113965,113966,678,113968,25],{},[17,113967,96989],{},[17,113969,449],{},[14,113971,11356],{},[60,113973,113975],{"className":62,"code":113974,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = {1, 2}\nresult = numbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[17,113976,113977,113993,114015,114019,114029],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,113978,113979,113981,113983,113985,113987,113989,113991],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,113980,801],{"class":75},[69,113982,80],{"class":79},[69,113984,10128],{"class":83},[69,113986,473],{"class":87},[69,113988,91],{"class":83},[69,113990,316],{"class":87},[69,113992,8945],{"class":83},[69,113994,113995,113997,113999,114001,114003,114005,114007,114009,114011,114013],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,113996,839],{"class":75},[69,113998,80],{"class":79},[69,114000,865],{"class":75},[69,114002,25],{"class":83},[69,114004,30119],{"class":121},[69,114006,260],{"class":83},[69,114008,1929],{"class":87},[69,114010,91],{"class":83},[69,114012,2323],{"class":87},[69,114014,3727],{"class":83},[69,114016,114017],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,114018,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,114020,114021,114023,114025,114027],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,114022,110],{"class":109},[69,114024,113],{"class":83},[69,114026,876],{"class":121},[69,114028,221],{"class":83},[69,114030,114031],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,114032,61502],{"class":128},[14,114034,114035,114036,25],{},"The updated values are stored in the original set, not in ",[17,114037,876],{},[14,114039,18618],{},[60,114041,114043],{"className":62,"code":114042,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[17,114044,114045,114061,114079,114083,114093],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,114046,114047,114049,114051,114053,114055,114057,114059],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,114048,801],{"class":75},[69,114050,80],{"class":79},[69,114052,10128],{"class":83},[69,114054,473],{"class":87},[69,114056,91],{"class":83},[69,114058,316],{"class":87},[69,114060,8945],{"class":83},[69,114062,114063,114065,114067,114069,114071,114073,114075,114077],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,114064,3512],{"class":75},[69,114066,25],{"class":83},[69,114068,30119],{"class":121},[69,114070,260],{"class":83},[69,114072,1929],{"class":87},[69,114074,91],{"class":83},[69,114076,2323],{"class":87},[69,114078,3727],{"class":83},[69,114080,114081],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,114082,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,114084,114085,114087,114089,114091],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,114086,110],{"class":109},[69,114088,113],{"class":83},[69,114090,3512],{"class":121},[69,114092,221],{"class":83},[69,114094,114095],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,114096,113705],{"class":128},[141,114098,114100],{"id":114099},"example-update-with-a-list","Example: update with a list",[14,114102,114103,114104,25],{},"A list is one of the most common things to pass to ",[17,114105,14600],{},[60,114107,114109],{"className":62,"code":114108,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[17,114110,114111,114127,114153,114157,114167],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,114112,114113,114115,114117,114119,114121,114123,114125],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,114114,801],{"class":75},[69,114116,80],{"class":79},[69,114118,10128],{"class":83},[69,114120,473],{"class":87},[69,114122,91],{"class":83},[69,114124,316],{"class":87},[69,114126,8945],{"class":83},[69,114128,114129,114131,114133,114135,114137,114139,114141,114143,114145,114147,114149,114151],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,114130,3512],{"class":75},[69,114132,25],{"class":83},[69,114134,30119],{"class":121},[69,114136,260],{"class":83},[69,114138,821],{"class":87},[69,114140,91],{"class":83},[69,114142,516],{"class":87},[69,114144,91],{"class":83},[69,114146,2323],{"class":87},[69,114148,91],{"class":83},[69,114150,2323],{"class":87},[69,114152,3727],{"class":83},[69,114154,114155],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,114156,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,114158,114159,114161,114163,114165],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,114160,110],{"class":109},[69,114162,113],{"class":83},[69,114164,3512],{"class":121},[69,114166,221],{"class":83},[69,114168,114169],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,114170,113705],{"class":128},[14,114172,11325],{},[30,114174,114175,114180,114187],{},[33,114176,114177,114179],{},[17,114178,821],{}," is already in the set, so nothing changes for that value",[33,114181,114182,587,114184,114186],{},[17,114183,1929],{},[17,114185,808],{}," are added",[33,114188,114189,114190,114192],{},"The second ",[17,114191,808],{}," is ignored because sets do not keep duplicates",[14,114194,114195,114196,114199],{},"This is one reason sets are useful when you want unique values. For example, you can ",[192,114197,114198],{"href":98752},"remove duplicates from a list in Python"," by converting the list to a set.",[141,114201,114203],{"id":114202},"example-update-with-another-set","Example: update with another set",[14,114205,7392,114206,114208],{},[17,114207,14600],{}," to combine values from one set into another.",[60,114210,114212],{"className":62,"code":114211,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\nset_a.update(set_b)\n\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[17,114213,114214,114235,114256,114260,114276,114280,114290],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,114215,114216,114219,114221,114223,114225,114227,114229,114231,114233],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,114217,114218],{"class":75},"set_a ",[69,114220,80],{"class":79},[69,114222,10128],{"class":83},[69,114224,473],{"class":87},[69,114226,91],{"class":83},[69,114228,316],{"class":87},[69,114230,91],{"class":83},[69,114232,516],{"class":87},[69,114234,8945],{"class":83},[69,114236,114237,114240,114242,114244,114246,114248,114250,114252,114254],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,114238,114239],{"class":75},"set_b ",[69,114241,80],{"class":79},[69,114243,10128],{"class":83},[69,114245,1929],{"class":87},[69,114247,91],{"class":83},[69,114249,2323],{"class":87},[69,114251,91],{"class":83},[69,114253,100],{"class":87},[69,114255,8945],{"class":83},[69,114257,114258],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,114259,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,114261,114262,114265,114267,114269,114271,114274],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,114263,114264],{"class":75},"set_a",[69,114266,25],{"class":83},[69,114268,30119],{"class":121},[69,114270,113],{"class":83},[69,114272,114273],{"class":121},"set_b",[69,114275,221],{"class":83},[69,114277,114278],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,114279,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,114281,114282,114284,114286,114288],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,114283,110],{"class":109},[69,114285,113],{"class":83},[69,114287,114264],{"class":121},[69,114289,221],{"class":83},[69,114291,114292],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,114293,111666],{"class":128},[14,114295,114296],{},"This is useful when you want to keep only unique values and modify the original set.",[14,114298,114299,114300,25],{},"If you want a new combined set instead of changing the original, use ",[192,114301,114302],{"href":102471},[17,114303,107718],{},[60,114305,114307],{"className":62,"code":114306,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\ncombined = set_a.union(set_b)\n\nprint(combined)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[17,114308,114309,114329,114349,114353,114373,114377,114388,114392,114402],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,114310,114311,114313,114315,114317,114319,114321,114323,114325,114327],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,114312,114218],{"class":75},[69,114314,80],{"class":79},[69,114316,10128],{"class":83},[69,114318,473],{"class":87},[69,114320,91],{"class":83},[69,114322,316],{"class":87},[69,114324,91],{"class":83},[69,114326,516],{"class":87},[69,114328,8945],{"class":83},[69,114330,114331,114333,114335,114337,114339,114341,114343,114345,114347],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,114332,114239],{"class":75},[69,114334,80],{"class":79},[69,114336,10128],{"class":83},[69,114338,1929],{"class":87},[69,114340,91],{"class":83},[69,114342,2323],{"class":87},[69,114344,91],{"class":83},[69,114346,100],{"class":87},[69,114348,8945],{"class":83},[69,114350,114351],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,114352,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,114354,114355,114358,114360,114363,114365,114367,114369,114371],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,114356,114357],{"class":75},"combined ",[69,114359,80],{"class":79},[69,114361,114362],{"class":75}," set_a",[69,114364,25],{"class":83},[69,114366,110944],{"class":121},[69,114368,113],{"class":83},[69,114370,114273],{"class":121},[69,114372,221],{"class":83},[69,114374,114375],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,114376,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,114378,114379,114381,114383,114386],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,114380,110],{"class":109},[69,114382,113],{"class":83},[69,114384,114385],{"class":121},"combined",[69,114387,221],{"class":83},[69,114389,114390],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,114391,111666],{"class":128},[69,114393,114394,114396,114398,114400],{"class":71,"line":1269},[69,114395,110],{"class":109},[69,114397,113],{"class":83},[69,114399,114264],{"class":121},[69,114401,221],{"class":83},[69,114403,114404],{"class":71,"line":1275},[69,114405,114406],{"class":128},"# {1, 2, 3}\n",[141,114408,114410],{"id":114409},"example-update-with-a-string","Example: update with a string",[14,114412,64411,114413,114415],{},[17,114414,14600],{}," adds each character separately.",[60,114417,114419],{"className":62,"code":114418,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"letters = {\"x\"}\nletters.update(\"cat\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[17,114420,114421,114437,114455,114459,114469],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,114422,114423,114425,114427,114429,114431,114433,114435],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,114424,35750],{"class":75},[69,114426,80],{"class":79},[69,114428,10128],{"class":83},[69,114430,333],{"class":94},[69,114432,2041],{"class":336},[69,114434,333],{"class":94},[69,114436,8945],{"class":83},[69,114438,114439,114441,114443,114445,114447,114449,114451,114453],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,114440,35803],{"class":75},[69,114442,25],{"class":83},[69,114444,30119],{"class":121},[69,114446,113],{"class":83},[69,114448,333],{"class":94},[69,114450,36708],{"class":336},[69,114452,333],{"class":94},[69,114454,221],{"class":83},[69,114456,114457],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,114458,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,114460,114461,114463,114465,114467],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,114462,110],{"class":109},[69,114464,113],{"class":83},[69,114466,35803],{"class":121},[69,114468,221],{"class":83},[69,114470,114471],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,114472,114473],{"class":128},"# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[14,114475,114476],{},"This often surprises beginners.",[14,114478,114479,13699,114482,114484,114485,114487],{},[17,114480,114481],{},"update(\"cat\")",[22,114483,4457],{}," add ",[17,114486,112711],{}," as one item. It adds:",[30,114489,114490,114494,114498],{},[33,114491,114492],{},[17,114493,66153],{},[33,114495,114496],{},[17,114497,17745],{},[33,114499,114500],{},[17,114501,112727],{},[14,114503,114504,114505,1044],{},"If you want to add one whole value, use ",[192,114506,114507],{"href":98175},[17,114508,95883],{},[60,114510,114512],{"className":62,"code":114511,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = {\"dog\"}\nwords.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(words)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[17,114513,114514,114530,114548,114552,114562],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,114515,114516,114518,114520,114522,114524,114526,114528],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,114517,943],{"class":75},[69,114519,80],{"class":79},[69,114521,10128],{"class":83},[69,114523,333],{"class":94},[69,114525,57797],{"class":336},[69,114527,333],{"class":94},[69,114529,8945],{"class":83},[69,114531,114532,114534,114536,114538,114540,114542,114544,114546],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,114533,3947],{"class":75},[69,114535,25],{"class":83},[69,114537,81778],{"class":121},[69,114539,113],{"class":83},[69,114541,333],{"class":94},[69,114543,36708],{"class":336},[69,114545,333],{"class":94},[69,114547,221],{"class":83},[69,114549,114550],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,114551,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,114553,114554,114556,114558,114560],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,114555,110],{"class":109},[69,114557,113],{"class":83},[69,114559,3947],{"class":121},[69,114561,221],{"class":83},[69,114563,114564],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,114565,114566],{"class":128},"# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[141,114568,114570,10223,114572],{"id":114569},"update-vs-add",[17,114571,14600],{},[17,114573,95878],{},[14,114575,114576],{},"The difference is simple:",[30,114578,114579,114583],{},[33,114580,114581,96477],{},[17,114582,95878],{},[33,114584,114585,96482],{},[17,114586,14600],{},[14,114588,45706,114589,1044],{},[17,114590,95878],{},[60,114592,114594],{"className":62,"code":114593,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.add(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[17,114595,114596,114612,114630,114634,114644],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,114597,114598,114600,114602,114604,114606,114608,114610],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,114599,35899],{"class":75},[69,114601,80],{"class":79},[69,114603,10128],{"class":83},[69,114605,333],{"class":94},[69,114607,952],{"class":336},[69,114609,333],{"class":94},[69,114611,8945],{"class":83},[69,114613,114614,114616,114618,114620,114622,114624,114626,114628],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,114615,35951],{"class":75},[69,114617,25],{"class":83},[69,114619,81778],{"class":121},[69,114621,113],{"class":83},[69,114623,333],{"class":94},[69,114625,967],{"class":336},[69,114627,333],{"class":94},[69,114629,221],{"class":83},[69,114631,114632],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,114633,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,114635,114636,114638,114640,114642],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,114637,110],{"class":109},[69,114639,113],{"class":83},[69,114641,35951],{"class":121},[69,114643,221],{"class":83},[69,114645,114646],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,114647,114648],{"class":128},"# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[14,114650,45706,114651,1044],{},[17,114652,14600],{},[60,114654,114656],{"className":62,"code":114655,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update([\"banana\", \"orange\"])\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[17,114657,114658,114674,114700,114704,114714],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,114659,114660,114662,114664,114666,114668,114670,114672],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,114661,35899],{"class":75},[69,114663,80],{"class":79},[69,114665,10128],{"class":83},[69,114667,333],{"class":94},[69,114669,952],{"class":336},[69,114671,333],{"class":94},[69,114673,8945],{"class":83},[69,114675,114676,114678,114680,114682,114684,114686,114688,114690,114692,114694,114696,114698],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,114677,35951],{"class":75},[69,114679,25],{"class":83},[69,114681,30119],{"class":121},[69,114683,260],{"class":83},[69,114685,333],{"class":94},[69,114687,967],{"class":336},[69,114689,333],{"class":94},[69,114691,91],{"class":83},[69,114693,964],{"class":94},[69,114695,32877],{"class":336},[69,114697,333],{"class":94},[69,114699,3727],{"class":83},[69,114701,114702],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,114703,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,114705,114706,114708,114710,114712],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,114707,110],{"class":109},[69,114709,113],{"class":83},[69,114711,35951],{"class":121},[69,114713,221],{"class":83},[69,114715,114716],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,114717,114718],{"class":128},"# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[14,114720,114721],{},"Important warning with strings:",[60,114723,114725],{"className":62,"code":114724,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update(\"kiwi\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[17,114726,114727,114743,114761,114765,114775],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,114728,114729,114731,114733,114735,114737,114739,114741],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,114730,35899],{"class":75},[69,114732,80],{"class":79},[69,114734,10128],{"class":83},[69,114736,333],{"class":94},[69,114738,952],{"class":336},[69,114740,333],{"class":94},[69,114742,8945],{"class":83},[69,114744,114745,114747,114749,114751,114753,114755,114757,114759],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,114746,35951],{"class":75},[69,114748,25],{"class":83},[69,114750,30119],{"class":121},[69,114752,113],{"class":83},[69,114754,333],{"class":94},[69,114756,38003],{"class":336},[69,114758,333],{"class":94},[69,114760,221],{"class":83},[69,114762,114763],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,114764,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,114766,114767,114769,114771,114773],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,114768,110],{"class":109},[69,114770,113],{"class":83},[69,114772,35951],{"class":121},[69,114774,221],{"class":83},[69,114776,114777],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,114778,114779],{"class":128},"# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[14,114781,61777,114782,61850,114785,1481],{},[17,114783,114784],{},"\"kiwi\"",[17,114786,95878],{},[141,114788,114790,10223,114792],{"id":114789},"update-vs-union",[17,114791,14600],{},[17,114793,102474],{},[14,114795,114796],{},"Both can combine values, but they work differently.",[1369,114798,114799],{"id":30119},[17,114800,14600],{},[30,114802,114803,114806],{},[33,114804,114805],{},"Changes the existing set",[33,114807,11064,114808],{},[17,114809,449],{},[60,114811,114813],{"className":62,"code":114812,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[17,114814,114815,114831,114847,114851,114865,114875],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,114816,114817,114819,114821,114823,114825,114827,114829],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,114818,2421],{"class":75},[69,114820,80],{"class":79},[69,114822,10128],{"class":83},[69,114824,473],{"class":87},[69,114826,91],{"class":83},[69,114828,316],{"class":87},[69,114830,8945],{"class":83},[69,114832,114833,114835,114837,114839,114841,114843,114845],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,114834,2449],{"class":75},[69,114836,80],{"class":79},[69,114838,10128],{"class":83},[69,114840,821],{"class":87},[69,114842,91],{"class":83},[69,114844,516],{"class":87},[69,114846,8945],{"class":83},[69,114848,114849],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,114850,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,114852,114853,114855,114857,114859,114861,114863],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,114854,192],{"class":75},[69,114856,25],{"class":83},[69,114858,30119],{"class":121},[69,114860,113],{"class":83},[69,114862,4587],{"class":121},[69,114864,221],{"class":83},[69,114866,114867,114869,114871,114873],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,114868,110],{"class":109},[69,114870,113],{"class":83},[69,114872,192],{"class":121},[69,114874,221],{"class":83},[69,114876,114877],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,114878,114406],{"class":128},[1369,114880,114881],{"id":110944},[17,114882,102474],{},[30,114884,114885,114887],{},[33,114886,101012],{},[33,114888,101015],{},[60,114890,114892],{"className":62,"code":114891,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nc = a.union(b)\nprint(c)\n# {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2}\n",[17,114893,114894,114910,114926,114930,114948,114958,114962,114972],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,114895,114896,114898,114900,114902,114904,114906,114908],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,114897,2421],{"class":75},[69,114899,80],{"class":79},[69,114901,10128],{"class":83},[69,114903,473],{"class":87},[69,114905,91],{"class":83},[69,114907,316],{"class":87},[69,114909,8945],{"class":83},[69,114911,114912,114914,114916,114918,114920,114922,114924],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,114913,2449],{"class":75},[69,114915,80],{"class":79},[69,114917,10128],{"class":83},[69,114919,821],{"class":87},[69,114921,91],{"class":83},[69,114923,516],{"class":87},[69,114925,8945],{"class":83},[69,114927,114928],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,114929,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,114931,114932,114934,114936,114938,114940,114942,114944,114946],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,114933,82858],{"class":75},[69,114935,80],{"class":79},[69,114937,56557],{"class":75},[69,114939,25],{"class":83},[69,114941,110944],{"class":121},[69,114943,113],{"class":83},[69,114945,4587],{"class":121},[69,114947,221],{"class":83},[69,114949,114950,114952,114954,114956],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,114951,110],{"class":109},[69,114953,113],{"class":83},[69,114955,9376],{"class":121},[69,114957,221],{"class":83},[69,114959,114960],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,114961,114406],{"class":128},[69,114963,114964,114966,114968,114970],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,114965,110],{"class":109},[69,114967,113],{"class":83},[69,114969,192],{"class":121},[69,114971,221],{"class":83},[69,114973,114974],{"class":71,"line":1269},[69,114975,114976],{"class":128},"# {1, 2}\n",[14,114978,107360,114979,114981,114982,114986],{},[17,114980,14600],{}," when you want to modify the original set in place. Choose ",[192,114983,114984],{"href":102471},[17,114985,102474],{}," when you want a new set.",[141,114988,114990],{"id":114989},"common-errors-and-confusion","Common errors and confusion",[14,114992,10386,114993,25],{},[17,114994,96989],{},[1369,114996,114998],{"id":114997},"_1-saving-the-return-value","1. Saving the return value",[14,115000,115001],{},"This is wrong if you expect a set back:",[60,115003,115005],{"className":62,"code":115004,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[17,115006,115007,115023,115045,115049,115059],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,115008,115009,115011,115013,115015,115017,115019,115021],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,115010,15275],{"class":75},[69,115012,80],{"class":79},[69,115014,10128],{"class":83},[69,115016,473],{"class":87},[69,115018,91],{"class":83},[69,115020,316],{"class":87},[69,115022,8945],{"class":83},[69,115024,115025,115027,115029,115031,115033,115035,115037,115039,115041,115043],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,115026,839],{"class":75},[69,115028,80],{"class":79},[69,115030,96599],{"class":75},[69,115032,25],{"class":83},[69,115034,30119],{"class":121},[69,115036,260],{"class":83},[69,115038,1929],{"class":87},[69,115040,91],{"class":83},[69,115042,2323],{"class":87},[69,115044,3727],{"class":83},[69,115046,115047],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,115048,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,115050,115051,115053,115055,115057],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,115052,110],{"class":109},[69,115054,113],{"class":83},[69,115056,876],{"class":121},[69,115058,221],{"class":83},[69,115060,115061],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,115062,61502],{"class":128},[14,115064,115065,115066,1044],{},"Use the original set after calling ",[17,115067,14600],{},[60,115069,115071],{"className":62,"code":115070,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[17,115072,115073,115089,115107,115111,115121],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,115074,115075,115077,115079,115081,115083,115085,115087],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,115076,15275],{"class":75},[69,115078,80],{"class":79},[69,115080,10128],{"class":83},[69,115082,473],{"class":87},[69,115084,91],{"class":83},[69,115086,316],{"class":87},[69,115088,8945],{"class":83},[69,115090,115091,115093,115095,115097,115099,115101,115103,115105],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,115092,15313],{"class":75},[69,115094,25],{"class":83},[69,115096,30119],{"class":121},[69,115098,260],{"class":83},[69,115100,1929],{"class":87},[69,115102,91],{"class":83},[69,115104,2323],{"class":87},[69,115106,3727],{"class":83},[69,115108,115109],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,115110,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,115112,115113,115115,115117,115119],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,115114,110],{"class":109},[69,115116,113],{"class":83},[69,115118,15313],{"class":121},[69,115120,221],{"class":83},[69,115122,115123],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,115124,113705],{"class":128},[1369,115126,115128],{"id":115127},"_2-passing-a-non-iterable","2. Passing a non-iterable",[14,115130,2705],{},[60,115132,115134],{"className":62,"code":115133,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update(5)\n",[17,115135,115136,115152],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,115137,115138,115140,115142,115144,115146,115148,115150],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,115139,15275],{"class":75},[69,115141,80],{"class":79},[69,115143,10128],{"class":83},[69,115145,473],{"class":87},[69,115147,91],{"class":83},[69,115149,316],{"class":87},[69,115151,8945],{"class":83},[69,115153,115154,115156,115158,115160,115162,115164],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,115155,15313],{"class":75},[69,115157,25],{"class":83},[69,115159,30119],{"class":121},[69,115161,113],{"class":83},[69,115163,670],{"class":87},[69,115165,221],{"class":83},[14,115167,61956,115168,8235,115170,115172],{},[17,115169,2870],{},[17,115171,670],{}," is an integer, not an iterable.",[14,115174,1403],{},[60,115176,115178],{"className":62,"code":115177,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([5])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 5}\n",[17,115179,115180,115196,115210,115214,115224],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,115181,115182,115184,115186,115188,115190,115192,115194],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,115183,15275],{"class":75},[69,115185,80],{"class":79},[69,115187,10128],{"class":83},[69,115189,473],{"class":87},[69,115191,91],{"class":83},[69,115193,316],{"class":87},[69,115195,8945],{"class":83},[69,115197,115198,115200,115202,115204,115206,115208],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,115199,15313],{"class":75},[69,115201,25],{"class":83},[69,115203,30119],{"class":121},[69,115205,260],{"class":83},[69,115207,670],{"class":87},[69,115209,3727],{"class":83},[69,115211,115212],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,115213,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,115215,115216,115218,115220,115222],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,115217,110],{"class":109},[69,115219,113],{"class":83},[69,115221,15313],{"class":121},[69,115223,221],{"class":83},[69,115225,115226],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,115227,115228],{"class":128},"# {1, 2, 5}\n",[14,115230,45579,115231,25],{},[192,115232,25332,115233],{"href":52268},[17,115234,115235],{},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable",[1369,115237,115239],{"id":115238},"_3-expecting-duplicates-to-stay","3. Expecting duplicates to stay",[14,115241,115242],{},"Sets only keep unique values.",[60,115244,115246],{"className":62,"code":115245,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([2, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[17,115247,115248,115264,115290,115294,115304],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,115249,115250,115252,115254,115256,115258,115260,115262],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,115251,15275],{"class":75},[69,115253,80],{"class":79},[69,115255,10128],{"class":83},[69,115257,473],{"class":87},[69,115259,91],{"class":83},[69,115261,316],{"class":87},[69,115263,8945],{"class":83},[69,115265,115266,115268,115270,115272,115274,115276,115278,115280,115282,115284,115286,115288],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,115267,15313],{"class":75},[69,115269,25],{"class":83},[69,115271,30119],{"class":121},[69,115273,260],{"class":83},[69,115275,821],{"class":87},[69,115277,91],{"class":83},[69,115279,316],{"class":87},[69,115281,91],{"class":83},[69,115283,316],{"class":87},[69,115285,91],{"class":83},[69,115287,516],{"class":87},[69,115289,3727],{"class":83},[69,115291,115292],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,115293,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,115295,115296,115298,115300,115302],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,115297,110],{"class":109},[69,115299,113],{"class":83},[69,115301,15313],{"class":121},[69,115303,221],{"class":83},[69,115305,115306],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,115307,114406],{"class":128},[1369,115309,115311,115312,44295,115314,115316],{"id":115310},"_4-using-update-when-add-is-better","4. Using ",[17,115313,14600],{},[17,115315,95878],{}," is better",[14,115318,115319,115320,115322],{},"If you want to add one single value, especially a string, ",[17,115321,95878],{}," is usually the better choice.",[60,115324,115326],{"className":62,"code":115325,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_set = {\"dog\"}\nmy_set.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[17,115327,115328,115344,115362,115366,115376],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,115329,115330,115332,115334,115336,115338,115340,115342],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,115331,15275],{"class":75},[69,115333,80],{"class":79},[69,115335,10128],{"class":83},[69,115337,333],{"class":94},[69,115339,57797],{"class":336},[69,115341,333],{"class":94},[69,115343,8945],{"class":83},[69,115345,115346,115348,115350,115352,115354,115356,115358,115360],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,115347,15313],{"class":75},[69,115349,25],{"class":83},[69,115351,81778],{"class":121},[69,115353,113],{"class":83},[69,115355,333],{"class":94},[69,115357,36708],{"class":336},[69,115359,333],{"class":94},[69,115361,221],{"class":83},[69,115363,115364],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,115365,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,115367,115368,115370,115372,115374],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,115369,110],{"class":109},[69,115371,113],{"class":83},[69,115373,15313],{"class":121},[69,115375,221],{"class":83},[69,115377,115378],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,115379,114566],{"class":128},[141,115381,1651],{"id":1650},[1369,115383,12347,115385,96968],{"id":115384},"does-setupdate-return-a-new-set",[17,115386,96989],{},[14,115388,96971,115389,25],{},[17,115390,449],{},[1369,115392,27982,115393,31882],{"id":31879},[17,115394,14600],{},[14,115396,115397],{},"Yes. Any iterable like a list, tuple, set, or string can be used.",[1369,115399,5006,115401,587,115403,2359],{"id":115400},"what-is-the-difference-between-add-and-update",[17,115402,95878],{},[17,115404,14600],{},[14,115406,115407,115409,115410,115412],{},[17,115408,95878],{}," adds one item. ",[17,115411,14600],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable.",[1369,115414,115416],{"id":115415},"why-did-my-string-get-split-into-letters","Why did my string get split into letters?",[14,115418,115419,115420,114415],{},"Because strings are iterable, so ",[17,115421,14600],{},[1369,115423,115425],{"id":115424},"how-do-i-combine-two-sets-without-changing-the-original","How do I combine two sets without changing the original?",[14,115427,132,115428,10731,115430,25],{},[17,115429,102474],{},[17,115431,14600],{},[141,115433,1771],{"id":1770},[30,115435,115436,115443,115450,115456,115462],{},[33,115437,115438],{},[192,115439,115440],{"href":98175},[17,115441,115442],{},"Python set add() method",[33,115444,115445],{},[192,115446,115447],{"href":102471},[17,115448,115449],{},"Python set union() method",[33,115451,115452],{},[192,115453,115454],{"href":97558},[17,115455,97013],{},[33,115457,115458],{},[192,115459,115460],{"href":98752},[17,115461,100019],{},[33,115463,115464],{},[192,115465,115466,115468],{"href":52268},[17,115467,115235],{}," fix",[14,115470,115471,115472,115474,115475,115477],{},"Next, learn when to use ",[17,115473,95883],{}," for a single value and ",[17,115476,107718],{}," when you want a new combined set without changing the original.",[1802,115479,115480],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":115482},[115483,115484,115486,115487,115488,115489,115490,115491,115493,115498,115505,115514],{"id":3472,"depth":106,"text":3473},{"id":113713,"depth":106,"text":115485},"What set.update() does",{"id":2023,"depth":106,"text":2024},{"id":21620,"depth":106,"text":21621},{"id":114099,"depth":106,"text":114100},{"id":114202,"depth":106,"text":114203},{"id":114409,"depth":106,"text":114410},{"id":114569,"depth":106,"text":115492},"update() vs add()",{"id":114789,"depth":106,"text":115494,"children":115495},"update() vs union()",[115496,115497],{"id":30119,"depth":300,"text":14600},{"id":110944,"depth":300,"text":102474},{"id":114989,"depth":106,"text":114990,"children":115499},[115500,115501,115502,115503],{"id":114997,"depth":300,"text":114998},{"id":115127,"depth":300,"text":115128},{"id":115238,"depth":300,"text":115239},{"id":115310,"depth":300,"text":115504},"4. Using update() when add() is better",{"id":1650,"depth":106,"text":1651,"children":115506},[115507,115509,115510,115512,115513],{"id":115384,"depth":300,"text":115508},"Does set.update() return a new set?",{"id":31879,"depth":300,"text":31952},{"id":115400,"depth":300,"text":115511},"What is the difference between add() and update()?",{"id":115415,"depth":300,"text":115416},{"id":115424,"depth":300,"text":115425},{"id":1770,"depth":106,"text":1771},"Master python set update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":113625,"description":115515},"reference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","O92kX80vUFExg-dtCXumAvm7IuzEHXgSTW4bzDeyLc8",{"id":115521,"title":115522,"body":115523,"description":117289,"extension":1828,"meta":117290,"navigation":833,"path":13435,"seo":117291,"stem":117292,"__hash__":117293},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained.md","Python shallow copy vs deep copy Explained",{"type":7,"value":115524,"toc":117264},[115525,115528,115531,115534,115545,115553,115556,115558,115707,115719,115723,115740,115744,115752,115754,115765,115767,115864,115870,115873,115969,115978,115983,115987,115992,115994,116004,116006,116115,116123,116127,116130,116133,116150,116156,116236,116239,116243,116246,116250,116253,116312,116315,116319,116322,116414,116418,116421,116528,116532,116538,116566,116568,116650,116660,116664,116667,116678,116681,116766,116769,116774,116778,116781,116792,116795,116937,116940,116944,116947,116961,116964,117025,117031,117033,117036,117058,117061,117161,117164,117196,117198,117202,117205,117207,117210,117214,117217,117221,117224,117228,117231,117233,117261],[10,115526,115522],{"id":115527},"python-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained",[14,115529,115530],{},"When you copy data in Python, the result is not always fully independent from the original.",[14,115532,115533],{},"This is especially important with nested data, such as:",[30,115535,115536,115539,115542],{},[33,115537,115538],{},"a list inside another list",[33,115540,115541],{},"a dictionary containing lists",[33,115543,115544],{},"a list of dictionaries",[14,115546,99941,115547,587,115549,115552],{},[22,115548,12494],{},[22,115550,115551],{},"deep copy"," is about what gets copied and what stays shared.",[14,115554,115555],{},"If you get this wrong, changing one object can unexpectedly change another.",[141,115557,1870],{"id":1869},[60,115559,115561],{"className":62,"code":115560,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = copy.copy(original)\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(shallow)   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(deep)      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[17,115562,115563,115570,115574,115600,115620,115640,115644,115662,115666,115679,115693],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,115564,115565,115567],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,115566,34749],{"class":773},[69,115568,115569],{"class":75}," copy\n",[69,115571,115572],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,115573,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,115575,115576,115578,115580,115582,115584,115586,115588,115590,115592,115594,115596,115598],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,115577,11728],{"class":75},[69,115579,80],{"class":79},[69,115581,55963],{"class":83},[69,115583,473],{"class":87},[69,115585,91],{"class":83},[69,115587,316],{"class":87},[69,115589,17711],{"class":83},[69,115591,84],{"class":83},[69,115593,1929],{"class":87},[69,115595,91],{"class":83},[69,115597,2323],{"class":87},[69,115599,52911],{"class":83},[69,115601,115602,115605,115607,115610,115612,115614,115616,115618],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,115603,115604],{"class":75},"shallow ",[69,115606,80],{"class":79},[69,115608,115609],{"class":75}," copy",[69,115611,25],{"class":83},[69,115613,12555],{"class":121},[69,115615,113],{"class":83},[69,115617,11775],{"class":121},[69,115619,221],{"class":83},[69,115621,115622,115625,115627,115629,115631,115634,115636,115638],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,115623,115624],{"class":75},"deep ",[69,115626,80],{"class":79},[69,115628,115609],{"class":75},[69,115630,25],{"class":83},[69,115632,115633],{"class":121},"deepcopy",[69,115635,113],{"class":83},[69,115637,11775],{"class":121},[69,115639,221],{"class":83},[69,115641,115642],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,115643,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,115645,115646,115648,115650,115652,115654,115656,115658,115660],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,115647,11775],{"class":75},[69,115649,3739],{"class":83},[69,115651,88],{"class":87},[69,115653,13195],{"class":83},[69,115655,13198],{"class":121},[69,115657,113],{"class":83},[69,115659,56016],{"class":87},[69,115661,221],{"class":83},[69,115663,115664],{"class":71,"line":1269},[69,115665,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,115667,115668,115670,115672,115674,115676],{"class":71,"line":1275},[69,115669,110],{"class":109},[69,115671,113],{"class":83},[69,115673,11775],{"class":121},[69,115675,3525],{"class":83},[69,115677,115678],{"class":128},"  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[69,115680,115681,115683,115685,115688,115690],{"class":71,"line":1280},[69,115682,110],{"class":109},[69,115684,113],{"class":83},[69,115686,115687],{"class":121},"shallow",[69,115689,3525],{"class":83},[69,115691,115692],{"class":128},"   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[69,115694,115695,115697,115699,115702,115704],{"class":71,"line":11236},[69,115696,110],{"class":109},[69,115698,113],{"class":83},[69,115700,115701],{"class":121},"deep",[69,115703,3525],{"class":83},[69,115705,115706],{"class":128},"      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[14,115708,132,115709,115712,115713,587,115715,115718],{},[17,115710,115711],{},"copy.copy()"," for a ",[22,115714,12494],{},[17,115716,115717],{},"copy.deepcopy()"," when you need fully independent nested objects.",[141,115720,115722],{"id":115721},"what-this-page-helps-you-understand","What this page helps you understand",[30,115724,115725,115728,115731,115734,115737],{},[33,115726,115727],{},"What a copy means in Python",[33,115729,115730],{},"How shallow copy works",[33,115732,115733],{},"How deep copy works",[33,115735,115736],{},"Why nested objects cause confusion",[33,115738,115739],{},"When to use each approach",[141,115741,115743],{"id":115742},"what-a-shallow-copy-does","What a shallow copy does",[14,115745,14835,115746,115748,115749,115751],{},[22,115747,12494],{}," creates a new outer object, but it does ",[22,115750,4457],{}," fully copy the nested objects inside it.",[14,115753,1974],{},[30,115755,115756,115759,115762],{},[33,115757,115758],{},"the outer container is new",[33,115760,115761],{},"inner lists or dictionaries may still be shared",[33,115763,115764],{},"changing a nested mutable object can affect both versions",[14,115766,2076],{},[60,115768,115770],{"className":62,"code":115769,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append([5, 6])\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[17,115771,115772,115798,115812,115816,115834,115838,115851],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,115773,115774,115776,115778,115780,115782,115784,115786,115788,115790,115792,115794,115796],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,115775,11728],{"class":75},[69,115777,80],{"class":79},[69,115779,55963],{"class":83},[69,115781,473],{"class":87},[69,115783,91],{"class":83},[69,115785,316],{"class":87},[69,115787,17711],{"class":83},[69,115789,84],{"class":83},[69,115791,1929],{"class":87},[69,115793,91],{"class":83},[69,115795,2323],{"class":87},[69,115797,52911],{"class":83},[69,115799,115800,115802,115804,115806,115808,115810],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,115801,13957],{"class":75},[69,115803,80],{"class":79},[69,115805,11803],{"class":75},[69,115807,25],{"class":83},[69,115809,12555],{"class":121},[69,115811,8277],{"class":83},[69,115813,115814],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,115815,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,115817,115818,115820,115822,115824,115826,115828,115830,115832],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,115819,13976],{"class":75},[69,115821,25],{"class":83},[69,115823,13198],{"class":121},[69,115825,260],{"class":83},[69,115827,670],{"class":87},[69,115829,91],{"class":83},[69,115831,37305],{"class":87},[69,115833,3727],{"class":83},[69,115835,115836],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,115837,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,115839,115840,115842,115844,115846,115848],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,115841,110],{"class":109},[69,115843,113],{"class":83},[69,115845,11775],{"class":121},[69,115847,3525],{"class":83},[69,115849,115850],{"class":128},"  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[69,115852,115853,115855,115857,115859,115861],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,115854,110],{"class":109},[69,115856,113],{"class":83},[69,115858,13976],{"class":121},[69,115860,3525],{"class":83},[69,115862,115863],{"class":128},"    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[14,115865,115866,115867,115869],{},"In this case, appending a new top-level item only changes ",[17,115868,13976],{},", because the outer list is different.",[14,115871,115872],{},"But now look at a nested change:",[60,115874,115876],{"className":62,"code":115875,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[17,115877,115878,115904,115918,115922,115940,115944,115956],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,115879,115880,115882,115884,115886,115888,115890,115892,115894,115896,115898,115900,115902],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,115881,11728],{"class":75},[69,115883,80],{"class":79},[69,115885,55963],{"class":83},[69,115887,473],{"class":87},[69,115889,91],{"class":83},[69,115891,316],{"class":87},[69,115893,17711],{"class":83},[69,115895,84],{"class":83},[69,115897,1929],{"class":87},[69,115899,91],{"class":83},[69,115901,2323],{"class":87},[69,115903,52911],{"class":83},[69,115905,115906,115908,115910,115912,115914,115916],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,115907,13957],{"class":75},[69,115909,80],{"class":79},[69,115911,11803],{"class":75},[69,115913,25],{"class":83},[69,115915,12555],{"class":121},[69,115917,8277],{"class":83},[69,115919,115920],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,115921,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,115923,115924,115926,115928,115930,115932,115934,115936,115938],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,115925,13976],{"class":75},[69,115927,3739],{"class":83},[69,115929,88],{"class":87},[69,115931,13195],{"class":83},[69,115933,13198],{"class":121},[69,115935,113],{"class":83},[69,115937,56016],{"class":87},[69,115939,221],{"class":83},[69,115941,115942],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,115943,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,115945,115946,115948,115950,115952,115954],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,115947,110],{"class":109},[69,115949,113],{"class":83},[69,115951,11775],{"class":121},[69,115953,3525],{"class":83},[69,115955,115678],{"class":128},[69,115957,115958,115960,115962,115964,115966],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,115959,110],{"class":109},[69,115961,113],{"class":83},[69,115963,13976],{"class":121},[69,115965,3525],{"class":83},[69,115967,115968],{"class":128},"    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[14,115970,115971,115972,587,115974,115977],{},"Both changed because ",[17,115973,56120],{},[17,115975,115976],{},"copied[0]"," point to the same inner list.",[14,115979,115980,115981,25],{},"If you are new to this, it helps to first understand ",[192,115982,43601],{"href":11707},[141,115984,115986],{"id":115985},"what-a-deep-copy-does","What a deep copy does",[14,115988,14835,115989,115991],{},[22,115990,115551],{}," creates a new outer object and also recursively copies the nested objects inside it.",[14,115993,1974],{},[30,115995,115996,115998,116001],{},[33,115997,115758],{},[33,115999,116000],{},"nested mutable objects are also new",[33,116002,116003],{},"changes inside nested structures do not affect the original",[14,116005,2076],{},[60,116007,116009],{"className":62,"code":116008,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[17,116010,116011,116017,116021,116047,116065,116069,116087,116091,116103],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,116012,116013,116015],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,116014,34749],{"class":773},[69,116016,115569],{"class":75},[69,116018,116019],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,116020,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,116022,116023,116025,116027,116029,116031,116033,116035,116037,116039,116041,116043,116045],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,116024,11728],{"class":75},[69,116026,80],{"class":79},[69,116028,55963],{"class":83},[69,116030,473],{"class":87},[69,116032,91],{"class":83},[69,116034,316],{"class":87},[69,116036,17711],{"class":83},[69,116038,84],{"class":83},[69,116040,1929],{"class":87},[69,116042,91],{"class":83},[69,116044,2323],{"class":87},[69,116046,52911],{"class":83},[69,116048,116049,116051,116053,116055,116057,116059,116061,116063],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,116050,13957],{"class":75},[69,116052,80],{"class":79},[69,116054,115609],{"class":75},[69,116056,25],{"class":83},[69,116058,115633],{"class":121},[69,116060,113],{"class":83},[69,116062,11775],{"class":121},[69,116064,221],{"class":83},[69,116066,116067],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,116068,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,116070,116071,116073,116075,116077,116079,116081,116083,116085],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,116072,13976],{"class":75},[69,116074,3739],{"class":83},[69,116076,88],{"class":87},[69,116078,13195],{"class":83},[69,116080,13198],{"class":121},[69,116082,113],{"class":83},[69,116084,56016],{"class":87},[69,116086,221],{"class":83},[69,116088,116089],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,116090,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,116092,116093,116095,116097,116099,116101],{"class":71,"line":1269},[69,116094,110],{"class":109},[69,116096,113],{"class":83},[69,116098,11775],{"class":121},[69,116100,3525],{"class":83},[69,116102,115850],{"class":128},[69,116104,116105,116107,116109,116111,116113],{"class":71,"line":1275},[69,116106,110],{"class":109},[69,116108,113],{"class":83},[69,116110,13976],{"class":121},[69,116112,3525],{"class":83},[69,116114,115968],{"class":128},[14,116116,116117,116118,116120,116121,25],{},"Here, the inner list was copied too, so changing ",[17,116119,115976],{}," does not change ",[17,116122,56120],{},[141,116124,116126],{"id":116125},"why-beginners-get-confused","Why beginners get confused",[14,116128,116129],{},"This topic is confusing because copying often appears to work at first.",[14,116131,116132],{},"Common reasons:",[30,116134,116135,116138,116141,116147],{},[33,116136,116137],{},"Simple lists of numbers often behave as expected",[33,116139,116140],{},"Problems usually appear only with nested lists or dictionaries",[33,116142,116143,116144,116146],{},"Assignment with ",[17,116145,80],{}," does not make a copy",[33,116148,116149],{},"Some methods make shallow copies, not deep copies",[14,116151,116152,116153,116155],{},"For example, this does ",[22,116154,4457],{}," create a copy:",[60,116157,116159],{"className":62,"code":116158,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[17,116160,116161,116181,116189,116193,116207,116211,116223],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,116162,116163,116165,116167,116169,116171,116173,116175,116177,116179],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,116164,11728],{"class":75},[69,116166,80],{"class":79},[69,116168,84],{"class":83},[69,116170,473],{"class":87},[69,116172,91],{"class":83},[69,116174,316],{"class":87},[69,116176,91],{"class":83},[69,116178,516],{"class":87},[69,116180,103],{"class":83},[69,116182,116183,116185,116187],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,116184,13957],{"class":75},[69,116186,80],{"class":79},[69,116188,11766],{"class":75},[69,116190,116191],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,116192,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,116194,116195,116197,116199,116201,116203,116205],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,116196,13976],{"class":75},[69,116198,25],{"class":83},[69,116200,13198],{"class":121},[69,116202,113],{"class":83},[69,116204,808],{"class":87},[69,116206,221],{"class":83},[69,116208,116209],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,116210,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,116212,116213,116215,116217,116219,116221],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,116214,110],{"class":109},[69,116216,113],{"class":83},[69,116218,11775],{"class":121},[69,116220,3525],{"class":83},[69,116222,55370],{"class":128},[69,116224,116225,116227,116229,116231,116233],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,116226,110],{"class":109},[69,116228,113],{"class":83},[69,116230,13976],{"class":121},[69,116232,3525],{"class":83},[69,116234,116235],{"class":128},"    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[14,116237,116238],{},"Both names refer to the same list.",[141,116240,116242],{"id":116241},"assignment-vs-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy","Assignment vs shallow copy vs deep copy",[14,116244,116245],{},"These three ideas are different.",[1369,116247,116249],{"id":116248},"assignment","Assignment",[14,116251,116252],{},"With assignment, both names point to the same object.",[60,116254,116256],{"className":62,"code":116255,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nassigned = original\n\nprint(original is assigned)  # True\n",[17,116257,116258,116284,116292,116296],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,116259,116260,116262,116264,116266,116268,116270,116272,116274,116276,116278,116280,116282],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,116261,11728],{"class":75},[69,116263,80],{"class":79},[69,116265,55963],{"class":83},[69,116267,473],{"class":87},[69,116269,91],{"class":83},[69,116271,316],{"class":87},[69,116273,17711],{"class":83},[69,116275,84],{"class":83},[69,116277,1929],{"class":87},[69,116279,91],{"class":83},[69,116281,2323],{"class":87},[69,116283,52911],{"class":83},[69,116285,116286,116288,116290],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,116287,13748],{"class":75},[69,116289,80],{"class":79},[69,116291,11766],{"class":75},[69,116293,116294],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,116295,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,116297,116298,116300,116302,116304,116306,116308,116310],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,116299,110],{"class":109},[69,116301,113],{"class":83},[69,116303,11728],{"class":121},[69,116305,11836],{"class":773},[69,116307,13816],{"class":121},[69,116309,3525],{"class":83},[69,116311,129],{"class":128},[14,116313,116314],{},"Changing one changes the other.",[1369,116316,116318],{"id":116317},"shallow-copy","Shallow copy",[14,116320,116321],{},"With a shallow copy, the outer object is new, but inner objects are shared.",[60,116323,116325],{"className":62,"code":116324,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = original.copy()\n\nprint(original is shallow)      # False\nprint(original[0] is shallow[0])  # True\n",[17,116326,116327,116353,116367,116371,116388],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,116328,116329,116331,116333,116335,116337,116339,116341,116343,116345,116347,116349,116351],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,116330,11728],{"class":75},[69,116332,80],{"class":79},[69,116334,55963],{"class":83},[69,116336,473],{"class":87},[69,116338,91],{"class":83},[69,116340,316],{"class":87},[69,116342,17711],{"class":83},[69,116344,84],{"class":83},[69,116346,1929],{"class":87},[69,116348,91],{"class":83},[69,116350,2323],{"class":87},[69,116352,52911],{"class":83},[69,116354,116355,116357,116359,116361,116363,116365],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,116356,115604],{"class":75},[69,116358,80],{"class":79},[69,116360,11803],{"class":75},[69,116362,25],{"class":83},[69,116364,12555],{"class":121},[69,116366,8277],{"class":83},[69,116368,116369],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,116370,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,116372,116373,116375,116377,116379,116381,116384,116386],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,116374,110],{"class":109},[69,116376,113],{"class":83},[69,116378,11728],{"class":121},[69,116380,11836],{"class":773},[69,116382,116383],{"class":121}," shallow",[69,116385,3525],{"class":83},[69,116387,20851],{"class":128},[69,116389,116390,116392,116394,116396,116398,116400,116402,116404,116406,116408,116410,116412],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,116391,110],{"class":109},[69,116393,113],{"class":83},[69,116395,11775],{"class":121},[69,116397,3739],{"class":83},[69,116399,88],{"class":87},[69,116401,12918],{"class":83},[69,116403,7728],{"class":773},[69,116405,116383],{"class":121},[69,116407,3739],{"class":83},[69,116409,88],{"class":87},[69,116411,20096],{"class":83},[69,116413,129],{"class":128},[1369,116415,116417],{"id":116416},"deep-copy","Deep copy",[14,116419,116420],{},"With a deep copy, both the outer object and inner objects are copied.",[60,116422,116424],{"className":62,"code":116423,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\nprint(original is deep)         # False\nprint(original[0] is deep[0])   # False\n",[17,116425,116426,116432,116436,116462,116480,116484,116502],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,116427,116428,116430],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,116429,34749],{"class":773},[69,116431,115569],{"class":75},[69,116433,116434],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,116435,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,116437,116438,116440,116442,116444,116446,116448,116450,116452,116454,116456,116458,116460],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,116439,11728],{"class":75},[69,116441,80],{"class":79},[69,116443,55963],{"class":83},[69,116445,473],{"class":87},[69,116447,91],{"class":83},[69,116449,316],{"class":87},[69,116451,17711],{"class":83},[69,116453,84],{"class":83},[69,116455,1929],{"class":87},[69,116457,91],{"class":83},[69,116459,2323],{"class":87},[69,116461,52911],{"class":83},[69,116463,116464,116466,116468,116470,116472,116474,116476,116478],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,116465,115624],{"class":75},[69,116467,80],{"class":79},[69,116469,115609],{"class":75},[69,116471,25],{"class":83},[69,116473,115633],{"class":121},[69,116475,113],{"class":83},[69,116477,11775],{"class":121},[69,116479,221],{"class":83},[69,116481,116482],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,116483,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,116485,116486,116488,116490,116492,116494,116497,116499],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,116487,110],{"class":109},[69,116489,113],{"class":83},[69,116491,11728],{"class":121},[69,116493,11836],{"class":773},[69,116495,116496],{"class":121}," deep",[69,116498,3525],{"class":83},[69,116500,116501],{"class":128},"         # False\n",[69,116503,116504,116506,116508,116510,116512,116514,116516,116518,116520,116522,116524,116526],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,116505,110],{"class":109},[69,116507,113],{"class":83},[69,116509,11775],{"class":121},[69,116511,3739],{"class":83},[69,116513,88],{"class":87},[69,116515,12918],{"class":83},[69,116517,7728],{"class":773},[69,116519,116496],{"class":121},[69,116521,3739],{"class":83},[69,116523,88],{"class":87},[69,116525,20096],{"class":83},[69,116527,43537],{"class":128},[141,116529,116531],{"id":116530},"common-ways-to-make-a-shallow-copy","Common ways to make a shallow copy",[14,116533,116534,116535,1044],{},"These all make ",[22,116536,116537],{},"shallow copies",[30,116539,116540,116544,116548,116553,116559],{},[33,116541,116542],{},[17,116543,55270],{},[33,116545,116546],{},[17,116547,12077],{},[33,116549,116550],{},[17,116551,116552],{},"set.copy()",[33,116554,116555,116556],{},"list slicing like ",[17,116557,116558],{},"my_list[:]",[33,116560,116561,116563,116564,34739],{},[17,116562,115711],{}," from the ",[17,116565,12555],{},[14,116567,1992],{},[60,116569,116571],{"className":62,"code":116570,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\na = numbers.copy()\nb = numbers[:]\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[17,116572,116573,116593,116597,116611,116622,116626,116638],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,116574,116575,116577,116579,116581,116583,116585,116587,116589,116591],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,116576,801],{"class":75},[69,116578,80],{"class":79},[69,116580,84],{"class":83},[69,116582,473],{"class":87},[69,116584,91],{"class":83},[69,116586,316],{"class":87},[69,116588,91],{"class":83},[69,116590,516],{"class":87},[69,116592,103],{"class":83},[69,116594,116595],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,116596,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,116598,116599,116601,116603,116605,116607,116609],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,116600,2421],{"class":75},[69,116602,80],{"class":79},[69,116604,865],{"class":75},[69,116606,25],{"class":83},[69,116608,12555],{"class":121},[69,116610,8277],{"class":83},[69,116612,116613,116615,116617,116619],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,116614,2449],{"class":75},[69,116616,80],{"class":79},[69,116618,865],{"class":75},[69,116620,116621],{"class":83},"[:]\n",[69,116623,116624],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,116625,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,116627,116628,116630,116632,116634,116636],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,116629,110],{"class":109},[69,116631,113],{"class":83},[69,116633,192],{"class":121},[69,116635,3525],{"class":83},[69,116637,54601],{"class":128},[69,116639,116640,116642,116644,116646,116648],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,116641,110],{"class":109},[69,116643,113],{"class":83},[69,116645,4587],{"class":121},[69,116647,3525],{"class":83},[69,116649,54601],{"class":128},[14,116651,72812,116652,47200,116656,25],{},[192,116653,116654,10379],{"href":54629},[17,116655,55270],{},[192,116657,116658,10379],{"href":12074},[17,116659,12077],{},[141,116661,116663],{"id":116662},"when-shallow-copy-is-enough","When shallow copy is enough",[14,116665,116666],{},"A shallow copy is often enough when:",[30,116668,116669,116672,116675],{},[33,116670,116671],{},"your data is flat and not nested",[33,116673,116674],{},"you only need a separate outer container",[33,116676,116677],{},"you do not plan to change nested mutable values",[14,116679,116680],{},"Example with a flat list:",[60,116682,116684],{"className":62,"code":116683,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[17,116685,116686,116706,116720,116724,116738,116742,116754],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,116687,116688,116690,116692,116694,116696,116698,116700,116702,116704],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,116689,11728],{"class":75},[69,116691,80],{"class":79},[69,116693,84],{"class":83},[69,116695,473],{"class":87},[69,116697,91],{"class":83},[69,116699,316],{"class":87},[69,116701,91],{"class":83},[69,116703,516],{"class":87},[69,116705,103],{"class":83},[69,116707,116708,116710,116712,116714,116716,116718],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,116709,13957],{"class":75},[69,116711,80],{"class":79},[69,116713,11803],{"class":75},[69,116715,25],{"class":83},[69,116717,12555],{"class":121},[69,116719,8277],{"class":83},[69,116721,116722],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,116723,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,116725,116726,116728,116730,116732,116734,116736],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,116727,13976],{"class":75},[69,116729,25],{"class":83},[69,116731,13198],{"class":121},[69,116733,113],{"class":83},[69,116735,808],{"class":87},[69,116737,221],{"class":83},[69,116739,116740],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,116741,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,116743,116744,116746,116748,116750,116752],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,116745,110],{"class":109},[69,116747,113],{"class":83},[69,116749,11775],{"class":121},[69,116751,3525],{"class":83},[69,116753,54601],{"class":128},[69,116755,116756,116758,116760,116762,116764],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,116757,110],{"class":109},[69,116759,113],{"class":83},[69,116761,13976],{"class":121},[69,116763,3525],{"class":83},[69,116765,116235],{"class":128},[14,116767,116768],{},"This works fine because the list contains integers, and integers are immutable.",[14,116770,116771,116772,25],{},"If you just want the common ways to duplicate a list, see ",[192,116773,14534],{"href":56889},[141,116775,116777],{"id":116776},"when-deep-copy-is-safer","When deep copy is safer",[14,116779,116780],{},"A deep copy is safer when:",[30,116782,116783,116786,116789],{},[33,116784,116785],{},"your data contains nested lists, dictionaries, or sets",[33,116787,116788],{},"you need to modify inner values without changing the original",[33,116790,116791],{},"you want a fully independent duplicate",[14,116793,116794],{},"Example with a dictionary containing a list:",[60,116796,116798],{"className":62,"code":116797,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"import copy\n\noriginal = {\"scores\": [10, 20]}\nshallow = original.copy()\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[\"scores\"].append(30)\n\nprint(original)  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(shallow)   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(deep)      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[17,116799,116800,116806,116810,116836,116850,116868,116872,116894,116898,116911,116924],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,116801,116802,116804],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,116803,34749],{"class":773},[69,116805,115569],{"class":75},[69,116807,116808],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,116809,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,116811,116812,116814,116816,116818,116820,116822,116824,116826,116828,116830,116832,116834],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,116813,11728],{"class":75},[69,116815,80],{"class":79},[69,116817,10128],{"class":83},[69,116819,333],{"class":94},[69,116821,16036],{"class":336},[69,116823,333],{"class":94},[69,116825,1044],{"class":83},[69,116827,84],{"class":83},[69,116829,2197],{"class":87},[69,116831,91],{"class":83},[69,116833,7420],{"class":87},[69,116835,13351],{"class":83},[69,116837,116838,116840,116842,116844,116846,116848],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,116839,115604],{"class":75},[69,116841,80],{"class":79},[69,116843,11803],{"class":75},[69,116845,25],{"class":83},[69,116847,12555],{"class":121},[69,116849,8277],{"class":83},[69,116851,116852,116854,116856,116858,116860,116862,116864,116866],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,116853,115624],{"class":75},[69,116855,80],{"class":79},[69,116857,115609],{"class":75},[69,116859,25],{"class":83},[69,116861,115633],{"class":121},[69,116863,113],{"class":83},[69,116865,11775],{"class":121},[69,116867,221],{"class":83},[69,116869,116870],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,116871,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,116873,116874,116876,116878,116880,116882,116884,116886,116888,116890,116892],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,116875,11775],{"class":75},[69,116877,3739],{"class":83},[69,116879,333],{"class":94},[69,116881,16036],{"class":336},[69,116883,333],{"class":94},[69,116885,13195],{"class":83},[69,116887,13198],{"class":121},[69,116889,113],{"class":83},[69,116891,36502],{"class":87},[69,116893,221],{"class":83},[69,116895,116896],{"class":71,"line":1269},[69,116897,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,116899,116900,116902,116904,116906,116908],{"class":71,"line":1275},[69,116901,110],{"class":109},[69,116903,113],{"class":83},[69,116905,11775],{"class":121},[69,116907,3525],{"class":83},[69,116909,116910],{"class":128},"  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[69,116912,116913,116915,116917,116919,116921],{"class":71,"line":1280},[69,116914,110],{"class":109},[69,116916,113],{"class":83},[69,116918,115687],{"class":121},[69,116920,3525],{"class":83},[69,116922,116923],{"class":128},"   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[69,116925,116926,116928,116930,116932,116934],{"class":71,"line":11236},[69,116927,110],{"class":109},[69,116929,113],{"class":83},[69,116931,115701],{"class":121},[69,116933,3525],{"class":83},[69,116935,116936],{"class":128},"      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[14,116938,116939],{},"The shallow copy still shares the inner list. The deep copy does not.",[141,116941,116943],{"id":116942},"important-limits-and-caution","Important limits and caution",[14,116945,116946],{},"Keep these points in mind:",[30,116948,116949,116952,116955,116958],{},[33,116950,116951],{},"Deep copy can be slower on large objects",[33,116953,116954],{},"Not every object copies cleanly in every situation",[33,116956,116957],{},"Copy only when you really need a separate object",[33,116959,116960],{},"Immutable values like integers and strings do not cause the same shared-mutation problem",[14,116962,116963],{},"For example, strings and integers do not behave like nested lists because they cannot be changed in place.",[60,116965,116967],{"className":62,"code":116966,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = 10\nb = a\n\nb = 20\n\nprint(a)  # 10\nprint(b)  # 20\n",[17,116968,116969,116977,116985,116989,116997,117001,117013],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,116970,116971,116973,116975],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,116972,2421],{"class":75},[69,116974,80],{"class":79},[69,116976,2454],{"class":87},[69,116978,116979,116981,116983],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,116980,2449],{"class":75},[69,116982,80],{"class":79},[69,116984,35835],{"class":75},[69,116986,116987],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,116988,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,116990,116991,116993,116995],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,116992,2449],{"class":75},[69,116994,80],{"class":79},[69,116996,14260],{"class":87},[69,116998,116999],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,117000,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,117002,117003,117005,117007,117009,117011],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,117004,110],{"class":109},[69,117006,113],{"class":83},[69,117008,192],{"class":121},[69,117010,3525],{"class":83},[69,117012,26448],{"class":128},[69,117014,117015,117017,117019,117021,117023],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,117016,110],{"class":109},[69,117018,113],{"class":83},[69,117020,4587],{"class":121},[69,117022,3525],{"class":83},[69,117024,27269],{"class":128},[14,117026,93183,117027,117030],{},[192,117028,117029],{"href":11707},"mutable vs immutable types"," matters when learning about copying.",[141,117032,2698],{"id":2697},[14,117034,117035],{},"These mistakes cause most copy-related bugs:",[30,117037,117038,117042,117047,117052,117055],{},[33,117039,8050,117040,56453],{},[17,117041,80],{},[33,117043,8050,117044,117046],{},[17,117045,55270],{}," on a nested list and expecting full independence",[33,117048,8050,117049,117051],{},[17,117050,12077],{}," on a dictionary that contains lists or dictionaries",[33,117053,117054],{},"Changing an inner list after making a shallow copy",[33,117056,117057],{},"Not realizing the difference between mutable and immutable values",[14,117059,117060],{},"If something seems wrong, these checks can help:",[60,117062,117064],{"className":62,"code":117063,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(original is copied)\nprint(original == copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[0]), id(copied[0]))\nprint(type(original))\n",[17,117065,117066,117080,117094,117116,117147],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,117067,117068,117070,117072,117074,117076,117078],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,117069,110],{"class":109},[69,117071,113],{"class":83},[69,117073,11728],{"class":121},[69,117075,11836],{"class":773},[69,117077,14030],{"class":121},[69,117079,221],{"class":83},[69,117081,117082,117084,117086,117088,117090,117092],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,117083,110],{"class":109},[69,117085,113],{"class":83},[69,117087,11728],{"class":121},[69,117089,992],{"class":79},[69,117091,14030],{"class":121},[69,117093,221],{"class":83},[69,117095,117096,117098,117100,117102,117104,117106,117108,117110,117112,117114],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,117097,110],{"class":109},[69,117099,113],{"class":83},[69,117101,12292],{"class":109},[69,117103,113],{"class":83},[69,117105,11775],{"class":121},[69,117107,8869],{"class":83},[69,117109,14462],{"class":109},[69,117111,113],{"class":83},[69,117113,13976],{"class":121},[69,117115,342],{"class":83},[69,117117,117118,117120,117122,117124,117126,117128,117130,117132,117135,117137,117139,117141,117143,117145],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,117119,110],{"class":109},[69,117121,113],{"class":83},[69,117123,12292],{"class":109},[69,117125,113],{"class":83},[69,117127,11775],{"class":121},[69,117129,3739],{"class":83},[69,117131,88],{"class":87},[69,117133,117134],{"class":83},"]),",[69,117136,14462],{"class":109},[69,117138,113],{"class":83},[69,117140,13976],{"class":121},[69,117142,3739],{"class":83},[69,117144,88],{"class":87},[69,117146,275],{"class":83},[69,117148,117149,117151,117153,117155,117157,117159],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,117150,110],{"class":109},[69,117152,113],{"class":83},[69,117154,3087],{"class":1126},[69,117156,113],{"class":83},[69,117158,11775],{"class":121},[69,117160,342],{"class":83},[14,117162,117163],{},"What they tell you:",[30,117165,117166,117171,117176,117181,117191],{},[33,117167,117168,117170],{},[17,117169,11836],{}," checks whether two names refer to the same object",[33,117172,117173,117175],{},[17,117174,992],{}," checks whether values are equal",[33,117177,117178,117180],{},[17,117179,43153],{}," shows the identity of an object",[33,117182,117183,117184,587,117187,117190],{},"comparing ",[17,117185,117186],{},"id(original[0])",[17,117188,117189],{},"id(copied[0])"," helps detect shared inner objects",[33,117192,117193,117195],{},[17,117194,2168],{}," confirms what kind of object you are copying",[141,117197,1651],{"id":1650},[1369,117199,117201],{"id":117200},"does-create-a-copy-in-python","Does = create a copy in Python?",[14,117203,117204],{},"No. It creates another reference to the same object.",[1369,117206,56939],{"id":56854},[14,117208,117209],{},"No. It is a shallow copy.",[1369,117211,117213],{"id":117212},"when-do-i-need-deepcopy","When do I need deepcopy()?",[14,117215,117216],{},"Use it when your object contains nested mutable values and you want full independence.",[1369,117218,117220],{"id":117219},"do-strings-and-integers-need-deep-copy","Do strings and integers need deep copy?",[14,117222,117223],{},"Usually no. They are immutable, so changing one variable does not change the original value.",[1369,117225,117227],{"id":117226},"why-did-changing-one-list-change-the-other","Why did changing one list change the other?",[14,117229,117230],{},"They likely share the same inner object because of assignment or a shallow copy.",[141,117232,1771],{"id":1770},[30,117234,117235,117240,117246,117252,117256],{},[33,117236,117237],{},[192,117238,117239],{"href":11707},"Mutability in Python explained: mutable vs immutable types",[33,117241,117242],{},[192,117243,3441,117244,10379],{"href":54629},[17,117245,55270],{},[33,117247,117248],{},[192,117249,3441,117250,10379],{"href":12074},[17,117251,12077],{},[33,117253,117254],{},[192,117255,14611],{"href":56889},[33,117257,117258],{},[192,117259,117260],{"href":58164},"What is a list in Python?",[1802,117262,117263],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":117265},[117266,117267,117268,117269,117270,117271,117276,117277,117278,117279,117280,117281,117288],{"id":1869,"depth":106,"text":1870},{"id":115721,"depth":106,"text":115722},{"id":115742,"depth":106,"text":115743},{"id":115985,"depth":106,"text":115986},{"id":116125,"depth":106,"text":116126},{"id":116241,"depth":106,"text":116242,"children":117272},[117273,117274,117275],{"id":116248,"depth":300,"text":116249},{"id":116317,"depth":300,"text":116318},{"id":116416,"depth":300,"text":116417},{"id":116530,"depth":106,"text":116531},{"id":116662,"depth":106,"text":116663},{"id":116776,"depth":106,"text":116777},{"id":116942,"depth":106,"text":116943},{"id":2697,"depth":106,"text":2698},{"id":1650,"depth":106,"text":1651,"children":117282},[117283,117284,117285,117286,117287],{"id":117200,"depth":300,"text":117201},{"id":56854,"depth":300,"text":56939},{"id":117212,"depth":300,"text":117213},{"id":117219,"depth":300,"text":117220},{"id":117226,"depth":300,"text":117227},{"id":1770,"depth":106,"text":1771},"Master python shallow copy vs deep copy explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":115522,"description":117289},"reference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","4P8qWKs1knuRzO-mq5pz1MvM10FXTsG04QbHQz5pkwk",{"id":117295,"title":117296,"body":117297,"description":119154,"extension":1828,"meta":119155,"navigation":833,"path":119156,"seo":119157,"stem":119158,"__hash__":119159},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained.md","Python sorted() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":117298,"toc":119112},[117299,117304,117309,117317,117319,117387,117392,117397,117412,117415,117417,117448,117450,117470,117473,117488,117490,117493,117566,117568,117613,117615,117626,117631,117635,117640,117643,117682,117684,117704,117707,117764,117766,117801,117804,117843,117845,117865,117868,117899,117901,117957,117959,117964,118035,118037,118070,118075,118080,118145,118147,118184,118187,118264,118266,118326,118333,118338,118341,118344,118425,118427,118468,118473,118476,118554,118556,118589,118598,118605,118608,118619,118622,118633,118637,118645,118654,118658,118663,118667,118672,118715,118718,118724,118727,118729,118776,118781,118785,118788,118837,118839,118860,118863,118865,118890,118893,119014,119019,119021,119026,119029,119034,119037,119045,119050,119057,119060,119068,119071,119073,119109],[10,117300,3441,117302,3444],{"id":117301},"python-sorted-function-explained",[17,117303,74096],{},[14,117305,117306,117308],{},[17,117307,74096],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns a new list in sorted order.",[14,117310,117311,117312,2057,117314,117316],{},"It is useful when you want to sort values without changing the original data. Unlike ",[17,117313,77539],{},[17,117315,74096],{}," also works with many iterable types, not just lists.",[141,117318,3473],{"id":3472},[60,117320,117322],{"className":62,"code":117321,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers)     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[17,117323,117324,117344,117358,117362,117374],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,117325,117326,117328,117330,117332,117334,117336,117338,117340,117342],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,117327,801],{"class":75},[69,117329,80],{"class":79},[69,117331,84],{"class":83},[69,117333,1929],{"class":87},[69,117335,91],{"class":83},[69,117337,272],{"class":87},[69,117339,91],{"class":83},[69,117341,316],{"class":87},[69,117343,103],{"class":83},[69,117345,117346,117348,117350,117352,117354,117356],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,117347,839],{"class":75},[69,117349,80],{"class":79},[69,117351,74230],{"class":109},[69,117353,113],{"class":83},[69,117355,3512],{"class":121},[69,117357,221],{"class":83},[69,117359,117360],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,117361,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,117363,117364,117366,117368,117370,117372],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,117365,110],{"class":109},[69,117367,113],{"class":83},[69,117369,876],{"class":121},[69,117371,3525],{"class":83},[69,117373,55357],{"class":128},[69,117375,117376,117378,117380,117382,117384],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,117377,110],{"class":109},[69,117379,113],{"class":83},[69,117381,3512],{"class":121},[69,117383,3525],{"class":83},[69,117385,117386],{"class":128},"     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[14,117388,117389,117391],{},[17,117390,74096],{}," returns a new sorted list and does not change the original object.",[141,117393,3540,117395,3543],{"id":117394},"what-sorted-does",[17,117396,74096],{},[30,117398,117399,117403,117406,117409],{},[33,117400,117401,62597],{},[17,117402,74096],{},[33,117404,117405],{},"It returns a new list in sorted order.",[33,117407,117408],{},"It works with many iterable objects, not just lists.",[33,117410,117411],{},"It does not modify the original data.",[14,117413,117414],{},"This means you can use it with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterable values.",[141,117416,2024],{"id":2023},[60,117418,117420],{"className":62,"code":117419,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"sorted(iterable, key=None, reverse=False)\n",[17,117421,117422],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,117423,117424,117426,117428,117430,117432,117434,117436,117438,117440,117442,117444,117446],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,117425,74186],{"class":109},[69,117427,113],{"class":83},[69,117429,218],{"class":121},[69,117431,91],{"class":83},[69,117433,21230],{"class":8811},[69,117435,80],{"class":79},[69,117437,449],{"class":289},[69,117439,91],{"class":83},[69,117441,77742],{"class":8811},[69,117443,80],{"class":79},[69,117445,57],{"class":289},[69,117447,221],{"class":83},[1369,117449,17043],{"id":17042},[30,117451,117452,117457,117462],{},[33,117453,117454,117456],{},[17,117455,218],{},": the values to sort",[33,117458,117459,117461],{},[17,117460,14487],{},": an optional function that decides how items are compared",[33,117463,117464,117466,117467,117469],{},[17,117465,73249],{},": set to ",[17,117468,53],{}," to sort in descending order",[14,117471,117472],{},"In many cases, you only need:",[60,117474,117476],{"className":62,"code":117475,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"sorted(my_values)\n",[17,117477,117478],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,117479,117480,117482,117484,117486],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,117481,74186],{"class":109},[69,117483,113],{"class":83},[69,117485,59978],{"class":121},[69,117487,221],{"class":83},[141,117489,11116],{"id":11115},[14,117491,117492],{},"Here is a basic example with numbers:",[60,117494,117496],{"className":62,"code":117495,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [5, 2, 8, 1]\n\nsorted_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(sorted_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,117497,117498,117522,117526,117541,117545,117556],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,117499,117500,117502,117504,117506,117508,117510,117512,117514,117516,117518,117520],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,117501,801],{"class":75},[69,117503,80],{"class":79},[69,117505,84],{"class":83},[69,117507,670],{"class":87},[69,117509,91],{"class":83},[69,117511,316],{"class":87},[69,117513,91],{"class":83},[69,117515,1200],{"class":87},[69,117517,91],{"class":83},[69,117519,272],{"class":87},[69,117521,103],{"class":83},[69,117523,117524],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,117525,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,117527,117528,117531,117533,117535,117537,117539],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,117529,117530],{"class":75},"sorted_numbers ",[69,117532,80],{"class":79},[69,117534,74230],{"class":109},[69,117536,113],{"class":83},[69,117538,3512],{"class":121},[69,117540,221],{"class":83},[69,117542,117543],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,117544,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,117546,117547,117549,117551,117554],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,117548,110],{"class":109},[69,117550,113],{"class":83},[69,117552,117553],{"class":121},"sorted_numbers",[69,117555,221],{"class":83},[69,117557,117558,117560,117562,117564],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,117559,110],{"class":109},[69,117561,113],{"class":83},[69,117563,3512],{"class":121},[69,117565,221],{"class":83},[14,117567,643],{},[60,117569,117571],{"className":62,"code":117570,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[1, 2, 5, 8]\n[5, 2, 8, 1]\n",[17,117572,117573,117593],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,117574,117575,117577,117579,117581,117583,117585,117587,117589,117591],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,117576,3739],{"class":83},[69,117578,473],{"class":87},[69,117580,91],{"class":83},[69,117582,316],{"class":87},[69,117584,91],{"class":83},[69,117586,100],{"class":87},[69,117588,91],{"class":83},[69,117590,1200],{"class":87},[69,117592,103],{"class":83},[69,117594,117595,117597,117599,117601,117603,117605,117607,117609,117611],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,117596,3739],{"class":83},[69,117598,670],{"class":87},[69,117600,91],{"class":83},[69,117602,316],{"class":87},[69,117604,91],{"class":83},[69,117606,1200],{"class":87},[69,117608,91],{"class":83},[69,117610,272],{"class":87},[69,117612,103],{"class":83},[14,117614,13408],{},[30,117616,117617,117622],{},[33,117618,117619,117621],{},[17,117620,117553],{}," is a new sorted list",[33,117623,117624,112158],{},[17,117625,3512],{},[14,117627,117628,117629,25],{},"If you want to sort a list in place instead, see ",[192,117630,78049],{"href":78048},[141,117632,117634],{"id":117633},"sorting-different-iterable-types","Sorting different iterable types",[14,117636,117637,117639],{},[17,117638,74096],{}," works with more than lists. The result is always a new list.",[1369,117641,117642],{"id":7725},"List",[60,117644,117646],{"className":62,"code":117645,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[17,117647,117648,117668],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,117649,117650,117652,117654,117656,117658,117660,117662,117664,117666],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,117651,801],{"class":75},[69,117653,80],{"class":79},[69,117655,84],{"class":83},[69,117657,1929],{"class":87},[69,117659,91],{"class":83},[69,117661,272],{"class":87},[69,117663,91],{"class":83},[69,117665,316],{"class":87},[69,117667,103],{"class":83},[69,117669,117670,117672,117674,117676,117678,117680],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,117671,110],{"class":109},[69,117673,113],{"class":83},[69,117675,74186],{"class":109},[69,117677,113],{"class":83},[69,117679,3512],{"class":121},[69,117681,342],{"class":83},[14,117683,643],{},[60,117685,117686],{"className":62,"code":54819,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,117687,117688],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,117689,117690,117692,117694,117696,117698,117700,117702],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,117691,3739],{"class":83},[69,117693,473],{"class":87},[69,117695,91],{"class":83},[69,117697,316],{"class":87},[69,117699,91],{"class":83},[69,117701,516],{"class":87},[69,117703,103],{"class":83},[1369,117705,117706],{"id":48620},"Tuple",[60,117708,117710],{"className":62,"code":117709,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"values = (3, 1, 2)\nprint(sorted(values))\nprint(type(sorted(values)))\n",[17,117711,117712,117732,117746],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,117713,117714,117716,117718,117720,117722,117724,117726,117728,117730],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,117715,76],{"class":75},[69,117717,80],{"class":79},[69,117719,8872],{"class":83},[69,117721,1929],{"class":87},[69,117723,91],{"class":83},[69,117725,272],{"class":87},[69,117727,91],{"class":83},[69,117729,316],{"class":87},[69,117731,221],{"class":83},[69,117733,117734,117736,117738,117740,117742,117744],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,117735,110],{"class":109},[69,117737,113],{"class":83},[69,117739,74186],{"class":109},[69,117741,113],{"class":83},[69,117743,122],{"class":121},[69,117745,342],{"class":83},[69,117747,117748,117750,117752,117754,117756,117758,117760,117762],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,117749,110],{"class":109},[69,117751,113],{"class":83},[69,117753,3087],{"class":1126},[69,117755,113],{"class":83},[69,117757,74186],{"class":109},[69,117759,113],{"class":83},[69,117761,122],{"class":121},[69,117763,297],{"class":83},[14,117765,643],{},[60,117767,117769],{"className":62,"code":117768,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[17,117770,117771,117787],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,117772,117773,117775,117777,117779,117781,117783,117785],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,117774,3739],{"class":83},[69,117776,473],{"class":87},[69,117778,91],{"class":83},[69,117780,316],{"class":87},[69,117782,91],{"class":83},[69,117784,516],{"class":87},[69,117786,103],{"class":83},[69,117788,117789,117791,117793,117795,117797,117799],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,117790,852],{"class":79},[69,117792,3158],{"class":1932},[69,117794,3161],{"class":94},[69,117796,7725],{"class":336},[69,117798,488],{"class":94},[69,117800,3168],{"class":79},[1369,117802,117803],{"id":1127},"Set",[60,117805,117807],{"className":62,"code":117806,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"values = {3, 1, 2}\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[17,117808,117809,117829],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,117810,117811,117813,117815,117817,117819,117821,117823,117825,117827],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,117812,76],{"class":75},[69,117814,80],{"class":79},[69,117816,10128],{"class":83},[69,117818,1929],{"class":87},[69,117820,91],{"class":83},[69,117822,272],{"class":87},[69,117824,91],{"class":83},[69,117826,316],{"class":87},[69,117828,8945],{"class":83},[69,117830,117831,117833,117835,117837,117839,117841],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,117832,110],{"class":109},[69,117834,113],{"class":83},[69,117836,74186],{"class":109},[69,117838,113],{"class":83},[69,117840,122],{"class":121},[69,117842,342],{"class":83},[14,117844,643],{},[60,117846,117847],{"className":62,"code":54819,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,117848,117849],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,117850,117851,117853,117855,117857,117859,117861,117863],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,117852,3739],{"class":83},[69,117854,473],{"class":87},[69,117856,91],{"class":83},[69,117858,316],{"class":87},[69,117860,91],{"class":83},[69,117862,516],{"class":87},[69,117864,103],{"class":83},[1369,117866,117867],{"id":60845},"String",[60,117869,117871],{"className":62,"code":117870,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"python\"\nprint(sorted(text))\n",[17,117872,117873,117885],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,117874,117875,117877,117879,117881,117883],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,117876,34345],{"class":75},[69,117878,80],{"class":79},[69,117880,964],{"class":94},[69,117882,64],{"class":336},[69,117884,3224],{"class":94},[69,117886,117887,117889,117891,117893,117895,117897],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,117888,110],{"class":109},[69,117890,113],{"class":83},[69,117892,74186],{"class":109},[69,117894,113],{"class":83},[69,117896,34366],{"class":121},[69,117898,342],{"class":83},[14,117900,643],{},[60,117902,117903],{"className":62,"code":79066,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,117904,117905],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,117906,117907,117909,117911,117913,117915,117917,117919,117921,117923,117925,117927,117929,117931,117933,117935,117937,117939,117941,117943,117945,117947,117949,117951,117953,117955],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,117908,3739],{"class":83},[69,117910,488],{"class":94},[69,117912,60109],{"class":336},[69,117914,488],{"class":94},[69,117916,91],{"class":83},[69,117918,3161],{"class":94},[69,117920,75702],{"class":336},[69,117922,488],{"class":94},[69,117924,91],{"class":83},[69,117926,3161],{"class":94},[69,117928,60144],{"class":336},[69,117930,488],{"class":94},[69,117932,91],{"class":83},[69,117934,3161],{"class":94},[69,117936,14],{"class":336},[69,117938,488],{"class":94},[69,117940,91],{"class":83},[69,117942,3161],{"class":94},[69,117944,62958],{"class":336},[69,117946,488],{"class":94},[69,117948,91],{"class":83},[69,117950,3161],{"class":94},[69,117952,11387],{"class":336},[69,117954,488],{"class":94},[69,117956,103],{"class":83},[1369,117958,28877],{"id":15251},[14,117960,63211,117961,117963],{},[17,117962,74096],{},", Python sorts the dictionary keys.",[60,117965,117967],{"className":62,"code":117966,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nprint(sorted(person))\n",[17,117968,117969,118021],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,117970,117971,117973,117975,117977,117979,117981,117983,117985,117987,117989,117991,117993,117995,117997,117999,118001,118003,118005,118007,118009,118011,118013,118015,118017,118019],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,117972,12849],{"class":75},[69,117974,80],{"class":79},[69,117976,10128],{"class":83},[69,117978,333],{"class":94},[69,117980,7297],{"class":336},[69,117982,333],{"class":94},[69,117984,1044],{"class":83},[69,117986,964],{"class":94},[69,117988,12524],{"class":336},[69,117990,333],{"class":94},[69,117992,91],{"class":83},[69,117994,964],{"class":94},[69,117996,8935],{"class":336},[69,117998,333],{"class":94},[69,118000,1044],{"class":83},[69,118002,7420],{"class":87},[69,118004,91],{"class":83},[69,118006,964],{"class":94},[69,118008,10046],{"class":336},[69,118010,333],{"class":94},[69,118012,1044],{"class":83},[69,118014,964],{"class":94},[69,118016,15678],{"class":336},[69,118018,333],{"class":94},[69,118020,8945],{"class":83},[69,118022,118023,118025,118027,118029,118031,118033],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,118024,110],{"class":109},[69,118026,113],{"class":83},[69,118028,74186],{"class":109},[69,118030,113],{"class":83},[69,118032,16955],{"class":121},[69,118034,342],{"class":83},[14,118036,643],{},[60,118038,118040],{"className":62,"code":118039,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['age', 'city', 'name']\n",[17,118041,118042],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,118043,118044,118046,118048,118050,118052,118054,118056,118058,118060,118062,118064,118066,118068],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,118045,3739],{"class":83},[69,118047,488],{"class":94},[69,118049,8935],{"class":336},[69,118051,488],{"class":94},[69,118053,91],{"class":83},[69,118055,3161],{"class":94},[69,118057,10046],{"class":336},[69,118059,488],{"class":94},[69,118061,91],{"class":83},[69,118063,3161],{"class":94},[69,118065,7297],{"class":336},[69,118067,488],{"class":94},[69,118069,103],{"class":83},[141,118071,8050,118073],{"id":118072},"using-reversetrue",[17,118074,77763],{},[14,118076,132,118077,118079],{},[17,118078,77763],{}," when you want descending order instead of ascending order.",[60,118081,118083],{"className":62,"code":118082,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n",[17,118084,118085,118105,118109,118123],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,118086,118087,118089,118091,118093,118095,118097,118099,118101,118103],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,118088,801],{"class":75},[69,118090,80],{"class":79},[69,118092,84],{"class":83},[69,118094,1929],{"class":87},[69,118096,91],{"class":83},[69,118098,272],{"class":87},[69,118100,91],{"class":83},[69,118102,316],{"class":87},[69,118104,103],{"class":83},[69,118106,118107],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,118108,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,118110,118111,118113,118115,118117,118119,118121],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,118112,110],{"class":109},[69,118114,113],{"class":83},[69,118116,74186],{"class":109},[69,118118,113],{"class":83},[69,118120,3512],{"class":121},[69,118122,342],{"class":83},[69,118124,118125,118127,118129,118131,118133,118135,118137,118139,118141,118143],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,118126,110],{"class":109},[69,118128,113],{"class":83},[69,118130,74186],{"class":109},[69,118132,113],{"class":83},[69,118134,3512],{"class":121},[69,118136,91],{"class":83},[69,118138,77742],{"class":8811},[69,118140,80],{"class":79},[69,118142,53],{"class":289},[69,118144,342],{"class":83},[14,118146,643],{},[60,118148,118150],{"className":62,"code":118149,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[1, 2, 3]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[17,118151,118152,118168],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,118153,118154,118156,118158,118160,118162,118164,118166],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,118155,3739],{"class":83},[69,118157,473],{"class":87},[69,118159,91],{"class":83},[69,118161,316],{"class":87},[69,118163,91],{"class":83},[69,118165,516],{"class":87},[69,118167,103],{"class":83},[69,118169,118170,118172,118174,118176,118178,118180,118182],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,118171,3739],{"class":83},[69,118173,1929],{"class":87},[69,118175,91],{"class":83},[69,118177,316],{"class":87},[69,118179,91],{"class":83},[69,118181,272],{"class":87},[69,118183,103],{"class":83},[14,118185,118186],{},"This also works with strings:",[60,118188,118190],{"className":62,"code":118189,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words))\nprint(sorted(words, reverse=True))\n",[17,118191,118192,118224,118228,118242],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,118193,118194,118196,118198,118200,118202,118204,118206,118208,118210,118212,118214,118216,118218,118220,118222],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,118195,943],{"class":75},[69,118197,80],{"class":79},[69,118199,84],{"class":83},[69,118201,333],{"class":94},[69,118203,952],{"class":336},[69,118205,333],{"class":94},[69,118207,91],{"class":83},[69,118209,964],{"class":94},[69,118211,967],{"class":336},[69,118213,333],{"class":94},[69,118215,91],{"class":83},[69,118217,964],{"class":94},[69,118219,3930],{"class":336},[69,118221,333],{"class":94},[69,118223,103],{"class":83},[69,118225,118226],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,118227,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,118229,118230,118232,118234,118236,118238,118240],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,118231,110],{"class":109},[69,118233,113],{"class":83},[69,118235,74186],{"class":109},[69,118237,113],{"class":83},[69,118239,3947],{"class":121},[69,118241,342],{"class":83},[69,118243,118244,118246,118248,118250,118252,118254,118256,118258,118260,118262],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,118245,110],{"class":109},[69,118247,113],{"class":83},[69,118249,74186],{"class":109},[69,118251,113],{"class":83},[69,118253,3947],{"class":121},[69,118255,91],{"class":83},[69,118257,77742],{"class":8811},[69,118259,80],{"class":79},[69,118261,53],{"class":289},[69,118263,342],{"class":83},[14,118265,643],{},[60,118267,118268],{"className":62,"code":73830,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,118269,118270,118298],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,118271,118272,118274,118276,118278,118280,118282,118284,118286,118288,118290,118292,118294,118296],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,118273,3739],{"class":83},[69,118275,488],{"class":94},[69,118277,952],{"class":336},[69,118279,488],{"class":94},[69,118281,91],{"class":83},[69,118283,3161],{"class":94},[69,118285,967],{"class":336},[69,118287,488],{"class":94},[69,118289,91],{"class":83},[69,118291,3161],{"class":94},[69,118293,3930],{"class":336},[69,118295,488],{"class":94},[69,118297,103],{"class":83},[69,118299,118300,118302,118304,118306,118308,118310,118312,118314,118316,118318,118320,118322,118324],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,118301,3739],{"class":83},[69,118303,488],{"class":94},[69,118305,3930],{"class":336},[69,118307,488],{"class":94},[69,118309,91],{"class":83},[69,118311,3161],{"class":94},[69,118313,967],{"class":336},[69,118315,488],{"class":94},[69,118317,91],{"class":83},[69,118319,3161],{"class":94},[69,118321,952],{"class":336},[69,118323,488],{"class":94},[69,118325,103],{"class":83},[141,118327,8050,118329,118332],{"id":118328},"using-key-for-custom-sorting",[17,118330,118331],{},"key="," for custom sorting",[14,118334,1845,118335,118337],{},[17,118336,118331],{}," argument lets you control how values are sorted.",[14,118339,118340],{},"Python applies the key function to each item, then sorts based on the result.",[14,118342,118343],{},"A beginner-friendly example is sorting words by length:",[60,118345,118347],{"className":62,"code":118346,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = [\"pear\", \"fig\", \"banana\", \"kiwi\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=len)\nprint(result)\n",[17,118348,118349,118389,118393,118415],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,118350,118351,118353,118355,118357,118359,118361,118363,118365,118367,118369,118371,118373,118375,118377,118379,118381,118383,118385,118387],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,118352,943],{"class":75},[69,118354,80],{"class":79},[69,118356,84],{"class":83},[69,118358,333],{"class":94},[69,118360,78416],{"class":336},[69,118362,333],{"class":94},[69,118364,91],{"class":83},[69,118366,964],{"class":94},[69,118368,38020],{"class":336},[69,118370,333],{"class":94},[69,118372,91],{"class":83},[69,118374,964],{"class":94},[69,118376,967],{"class":336},[69,118378,333],{"class":94},[69,118380,91],{"class":83},[69,118382,964],{"class":94},[69,118384,38003],{"class":336},[69,118386,333],{"class":94},[69,118388,103],{"class":83},[69,118390,118391],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,118392,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,118394,118395,118397,118399,118401,118403,118405,118407,118409,118411,118413],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,118396,839],{"class":75},[69,118398,80],{"class":79},[69,118400,74230],{"class":109},[69,118402,113],{"class":83},[69,118404,3947],{"class":121},[69,118406,91],{"class":83},[69,118408,21230],{"class":8811},[69,118410,80],{"class":79},[69,118412,10801],{"class":109},[69,118414,221],{"class":83},[69,118416,118417,118419,118421,118423],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,118418,110],{"class":109},[69,118420,113],{"class":83},[69,118422,876],{"class":121},[69,118424,221],{"class":83},[14,118426,643],{},[60,118428,118430],{"className":62,"code":118429,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['fig', 'pear', 'kiwi', 'banana']\n",[17,118431,118432],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,118433,118434,118436,118438,118440,118442,118444,118446,118448,118450,118452,118454,118456,118458,118460,118462,118464,118466],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,118435,3739],{"class":83},[69,118437,488],{"class":94},[69,118439,38020],{"class":336},[69,118441,488],{"class":94},[69,118443,91],{"class":83},[69,118445,3161],{"class":94},[69,118447,78416],{"class":336},[69,118449,488],{"class":94},[69,118451,91],{"class":83},[69,118453,3161],{"class":94},[69,118455,38003],{"class":336},[69,118457,488],{"class":94},[69,118459,91],{"class":83},[69,118461,3161],{"class":94},[69,118463,967],{"class":336},[69,118465,488],{"class":94},[69,118467,103],{"class":83},[14,118469,20421,118470,118472],{},[17,118471,10801],{}," is used as the key function, so the words are sorted by length.",[14,118474,118475],{},"Another common example is sorting text without caring about uppercase and lowercase letters:",[60,118477,118479],{"className":62,"code":118478,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=str.lower)\nprint(result)\n",[17,118480,118481,118514,118518,118544],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,118482,118483,118485,118487,118489,118491,118493,118495,118497,118499,118501,118503,118505,118507,118510,118512],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,118484,943],{"class":75},[69,118486,80],{"class":79},[69,118488,84],{"class":83},[69,118490,333],{"class":94},[69,118492,83035],{"class":336},[69,118494,333],{"class":94},[69,118496,91],{"class":83},[69,118498,964],{"class":94},[69,118500,952],{"class":336},[69,118502,333],{"class":94},[69,118504,91],{"class":83},[69,118506,964],{"class":94},[69,118508,118509],{"class":336},"Cherry",[69,118511,333],{"class":94},[69,118513,103],{"class":83},[69,118515,118516],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,118517,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,118519,118520,118522,118524,118526,118528,118530,118532,118534,118536,118538,118540,118542],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,118521,839],{"class":75},[69,118523,80],{"class":79},[69,118525,74230],{"class":109},[69,118527,113],{"class":83},[69,118529,3947],{"class":121},[69,118531,91],{"class":83},[69,118533,21230],{"class":8811},[69,118535,80],{"class":79},[69,118537,3309],{"class":1126},[69,118539,25],{"class":83},[69,118541,8274],{"class":24402},[69,118543,221],{"class":83},[69,118545,118546,118548,118550,118552],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,118547,110],{"class":109},[69,118549,113],{"class":83},[69,118551,876],{"class":121},[69,118553,221],{"class":83},[14,118555,643],{},[60,118557,118559],{"className":62,"code":118558,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[17,118560,118561],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,118562,118563,118565,118567,118569,118571,118573,118575,118577,118579,118581,118583,118585,118587],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,118564,3739],{"class":83},[69,118566,488],{"class":94},[69,118568,952],{"class":336},[69,118570,488],{"class":94},[69,118572,91],{"class":83},[69,118574,3161],{"class":94},[69,118576,83035],{"class":336},[69,118578,488],{"class":94},[69,118580,91],{"class":83},[69,118582,3161],{"class":94},[69,118584,118509],{"class":336},[69,118586,488],{"class":94},[69,118588,103],{"class":83},[14,118590,118591,118592,34988,118594,25],{},"You can learn more about ",[17,118593,42025],{},[192,118595,3441,118596,1780],{"href":42022},[17,118597,42025],{},[141,118599,118601,10223,118603],{"id":118600},"sorted-vs-listsort",[17,118602,74096],{},[17,118604,77539],{},[14,118606,118607],{},"The main difference is this:",[30,118609,118610,118615],{},[33,118611,118612,118614],{},[17,118613,74096],{}," returns a new list",[33,118616,118617,73634],{},[17,118618,77539],{},[14,118620,118621],{},"Also:",[30,118623,118624,118629],{},[33,118625,118626,118628],{},[17,118627,74096],{}," works with many iterables",[33,118630,118631,78972],{},[17,118632,77539],{},[14,118634,132,118635,10239],{},[17,118636,74096],{},[30,118638,118639,118642],{},[33,118640,118641],{},"you want to keep the original data unchanged",[33,118643,118644],{},"your data is not a list",[14,118646,118647,118648,25],{},"For a full side-by-side comparison, see ",[192,118649,3441,118650,10223,118652,594],{"href":78797},[17,118651,74096],{},[17,118653,77539],{},[141,118655,118657],{"id":118656},"what-can-cause-errors","What can cause errors",[14,118659,118660,118661,25],{},"A few common problems happen when using ",[17,118662,74096],{},[1369,118664,118666],{"id":118665},"mixing-values-that-cannot-be-compared","Mixing values that cannot be compared",[14,118668,118669,118670,1044],{},"This can raise a ",[17,118671,2870],{},[60,118673,118675],{"className":62,"code":118674,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"values = [1, \"2\", 3]\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[17,118676,118677,118701],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,118678,118679,118681,118683,118685,118687,118689,118691,118693,118695,118697,118699],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,118680,76],{"class":75},[69,118682,80],{"class":79},[69,118684,84],{"class":83},[69,118686,473],{"class":87},[69,118688,91],{"class":83},[69,118690,964],{"class":94},[69,118692,821],{"class":336},[69,118694,333],{"class":94},[69,118696,91],{"class":83},[69,118698,516],{"class":87},[69,118700,103],{"class":83},[69,118702,118703,118705,118707,118709,118711,118713],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,118704,110],{"class":109},[69,118706,113],{"class":83},[69,118708,74186],{"class":109},[69,118710,113],{"class":83},[69,118712,122],{"class":121},[69,118714,342],{"class":83},[14,118716,118717],{},"Python cannot sort integers and strings together in the normal way.",[1369,118719,118721,118722,2169],{"id":118720},"using-the-wrong-key-function","Using the wrong ",[17,118723,14487],{},[14,118725,118726],{},"If your key function does something invalid for the item type, you may get an error.",[14,118728,2076],{},[60,118730,118732],{"className":62,"code":118731,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [10, 2, 30]\nprint(sorted(numbers, key=len))\n",[17,118733,118734,118754],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,118735,118736,118738,118740,118742,118744,118746,118748,118750,118752],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,118737,801],{"class":75},[69,118739,80],{"class":79},[69,118741,84],{"class":83},[69,118743,2197],{"class":87},[69,118745,91],{"class":83},[69,118747,316],{"class":87},[69,118749,91],{"class":83},[69,118751,7425],{"class":87},[69,118753,103],{"class":83},[69,118755,118756,118758,118760,118762,118764,118766,118768,118770,118772,118774],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,118757,110],{"class":109},[69,118759,113],{"class":83},[69,118761,74186],{"class":109},[69,118763,113],{"class":83},[69,118765,3512],{"class":121},[69,118767,91],{"class":83},[69,118769,21230],{"class":8811},[69,118771,80],{"class":79},[69,118773,10801],{"class":109},[69,118775,342],{"class":83},[14,118777,48177,118778,118780],{},[17,118779,42025],{}," does not work on integers.",[1369,118782,118784],{"id":118783},"expecting-the-original-list-to-change","Expecting the original list to change",[14,118786,118787],{},"This is not a syntax error, but it is a very common beginner mistake:",[60,118789,118791],{"className":62,"code":118790,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,118792,118793,118813,118823,118827],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,118794,118795,118797,118799,118801,118803,118805,118807,118809,118811],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,118796,801],{"class":75},[69,118798,80],{"class":79},[69,118800,84],{"class":83},[69,118802,1929],{"class":87},[69,118804,91],{"class":83},[69,118806,272],{"class":87},[69,118808,91],{"class":83},[69,118810,316],{"class":87},[69,118812,103],{"class":83},[69,118814,118815,118817,118819,118821],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,118816,74186],{"class":109},[69,118818,113],{"class":83},[69,118820,3512],{"class":121},[69,118822,221],{"class":83},[69,118824,118825],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,118826,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,118828,118829,118831,118833,118835],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,118830,110],{"class":109},[69,118832,113],{"class":83},[69,118834,3512],{"class":121},[69,118836,221],{"class":83},[14,118838,643],{},[60,118840,118842],{"className":62,"code":118841,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[3, 1, 2]\n",[17,118843,118844],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,118845,118846,118848,118850,118852,118854,118856,118858],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,118847,3739],{"class":83},[69,118849,1929],{"class":87},[69,118851,91],{"class":83},[69,118853,272],{"class":87},[69,118855,91],{"class":83},[69,118857,316],{"class":87},[69,118859,103],{"class":83},[14,118861,118862],{},"If you do not save the result, the original list stays the same.",[141,118864,2698],{"id":2697},[30,118866,118867,118871,118874,118879,118883],{},[33,118868,4406,118869,73634],{},[17,118870,74096],{},[33,118872,118873],{},"Trying to sort mixed types like integers and strings together",[33,118875,4530,118876,118878],{},[17,118877,74096],{}," always returns a list",[33,118880,8050,118881,22755],{},[17,118882,118331],{},[33,118884,29304,118885,118887,118888],{},[17,118886,63983],{}," on a non-list object instead of using ",[17,118889,74096],{},[14,118891,118892],{},"These quick checks can help while debugging:",[60,118894,118896],{"className":62,"code":118895,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(sorted([3, 1, 2]))\nprint(type(sorted((3, 1, 2))))\nprint(sorted(['Banana', 'apple'], key=str.lower))\nprint(sorted([3, 1, 2], reverse=True))\n",[17,118897,118898,118920,118946,118984],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,118899,118900,118902,118904,118906,118908,118910,118912,118914,118916,118918],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,118901,110],{"class":109},[69,118903,113],{"class":83},[69,118905,74186],{"class":109},[69,118907,260],{"class":83},[69,118909,1929],{"class":87},[69,118911,91],{"class":83},[69,118913,272],{"class":87},[69,118915,91],{"class":83},[69,118917,316],{"class":87},[69,118919,275],{"class":83},[69,118921,118922,118924,118926,118928,118930,118932,118934,118936,118938,118940,118942,118944],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,118923,110],{"class":109},[69,118925,113],{"class":83},[69,118927,3087],{"class":1126},[69,118929,113],{"class":83},[69,118931,74186],{"class":109},[69,118933,286],{"class":83},[69,118935,1929],{"class":87},[69,118937,91],{"class":83},[69,118939,272],{"class":87},[69,118941,91],{"class":83},[69,118943,316],{"class":87},[69,118945,93039],{"class":83},[69,118947,118948,118950,118952,118954,118956,118958,118960,118962,118964,118966,118968,118970,118972,118974,118976,118978,118980,118982],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,118949,110],{"class":109},[69,118951,113],{"class":83},[69,118953,74186],{"class":109},[69,118955,260],{"class":83},[69,118957,488],{"class":94},[69,118959,83035],{"class":336},[69,118961,488],{"class":94},[69,118963,91],{"class":83},[69,118965,3161],{"class":94},[69,118967,952],{"class":336},[69,118969,488],{"class":94},[69,118971,17711],{"class":83},[69,118973,21230],{"class":8811},[69,118975,80],{"class":79},[69,118977,3309],{"class":1126},[69,118979,25],{"class":83},[69,118981,8274],{"class":24402},[69,118983,342],{"class":83},[69,118985,118986,118988,118990,118992,118994,118996,118998,119000,119002,119004,119006,119008,119010,119012],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,118987,110],{"class":109},[69,118989,113],{"class":83},[69,118991,74186],{"class":109},[69,118993,260],{"class":83},[69,118995,1929],{"class":87},[69,118997,91],{"class":83},[69,118999,272],{"class":87},[69,119001,91],{"class":83},[69,119003,316],{"class":87},[69,119005,17711],{"class":83},[69,119007,77742],{"class":8811},[69,119009,80],{"class":79},[69,119011,53],{"class":289},[69,119013,342],{"class":83},[14,119015,119016,119017,25],{},"If Python raises an error because values cannot be compared, that is often a type problem in your data. You may also want to review common list behavior in ",[192,119018,52440],{"href":50647},[141,119020,1651],{"id":1650},[1369,119022,12347,119024,56833],{"id":119023},"does-sorted-change-the-original-list",[17,119025,74096],{},[14,119027,119028],{},"No. It returns a new sorted list and leaves the original list unchanged.",[1369,119030,4969,119032,12359],{"id":119031},"what-does-sorted-return",[17,119033,74096],{},[14,119035,119036],{},"It always returns a new list, even if you sort a tuple, set, or string.",[1369,119038,119040,119041,10731,119043,2359],{"id":119039},"when-should-i-use-sorted-instead-of-listsort","When should I use ",[17,119042,74096],{},[17,119044,77539],{},[14,119046,132,119047,119049],{},[17,119048,74096],{}," when you want a new list or when your data is not a list.",[1369,119051,4969,119053,86123,119055,2359],{"id":119052},"what-does-key-do-in-sorted",[17,119054,118331],{},[17,119056,74096],{},[14,119058,119059],{},"It tells Python what value to use when comparing each item during sorting.",[1369,119061,4984,119063,119065,119066,2359],{"id":119062},"why-does-sorted-give-a-typeerror",[17,119064,74096],{}," give a ",[17,119067,2870],{},[14,119069,119070],{},"Usually because the items cannot be compared directly, such as mixing strings and integers.",[141,119072,1771],{"id":1770},[30,119074,119075,119079,119087,119091,119097,119103],{},[33,119076,119077],{},[192,119078,79545],{"href":78048},[33,119080,119081],{},[192,119082,3441,119083,10223,119085,594],{"href":78797},[17,119084,74096],{},[17,119086,77539],{},[33,119088,119089],{},[192,119090,52440],{"href":50647},[33,119092,119093],{},[192,119094,3441,119095,1780],{"href":42022},[17,119096,42025],{},[33,119098,119099],{},[192,119100,3441,119101,1780],{"href":91695},[17,119102,35408],{},[33,119104,119105],{},[192,119106,3441,119107,1780],{"href":35855},[17,119108,35858],{},[1802,119110,119111],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":119113},[119114,119115,119117,119120,119121,119128,119130,119132,119134,119140,119141,119153],{"id":3472,"depth":106,"text":3473},{"id":117394,"depth":106,"text":119116},"What sorted() does",{"id":2023,"depth":106,"text":2024,"children":119118},[119119],{"id":17042,"depth":300,"text":17043},{"id":11115,"depth":106,"text":11116},{"id":117633,"depth":106,"text":117634,"children":119122},[119123,119124,119125,119126,119127],{"id":7725,"depth":300,"text":117642},{"id":48620,"depth":300,"text":117706},{"id":1127,"depth":300,"text":117803},{"id":60845,"depth":300,"text":117867},{"id":15251,"depth":300,"text":28877},{"id":118072,"depth":106,"text":119129},"Using reverse=True",{"id":118328,"depth":106,"text":119131},"Using key= for custom sorting",{"id":118600,"depth":106,"text":119133},"sorted() vs list.sort()",{"id":118656,"depth":106,"text":118657,"children":119135},[119136,119137,119139],{"id":118665,"depth":300,"text":118666},{"id":118720,"depth":300,"text":119138},"Using the wrong key function",{"id":118783,"depth":300,"text":118784},{"id":2697,"depth":106,"text":2698},{"id":1650,"depth":106,"text":1651,"children":119142},[119143,119145,119147,119149,119151],{"id":119023,"depth":300,"text":119144},"Does sorted() change the original list?",{"id":119031,"depth":300,"text":119146},"What does sorted() return?",{"id":119039,"depth":300,"text":119148},"When should I use sorted() instead of list.sort()?",{"id":119052,"depth":300,"text":119150},"What does key= do in sorted()?",{"id":119062,"depth":300,"text":119152},"Why does sorted() give a TypeError?",{"id":1770,"depth":106,"text":1771},"Master python sorted function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained",{"title":117296,"description":119154},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained","LQH2I83gor3v6qTZiOQhBtX1q59uADx_8T7BkBYcca8",{"id":119161,"title":119162,"body":119163,"description":121274,"extension":1828,"meta":121275,"navigation":833,"path":78797,"seo":121276,"stem":121277,"__hash__":121278},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained.md","Python sorted() vs list.sort() Explained",{"type":7,"value":119164,"toc":121221},[119165,119172,119175,119185,119191,119194,119212,119220,119222,119281,119289,119293,119315,119319,119323,119325,119342,119344,119356,119362,119446,119450,119497,119503,119510,119514,119519,119521,119533,119538,119591,119595,119615,119622,119629,119633,119636,119655,119659,119773,119777,119847,119849,119861,119866,119870,119883,119887,119962,119966,120005,120012,120018,120023,120027,120041,120045,120110,120114,120147,120150,120155,120163,120170,120183,120186,120190,120273,120277,120314,120318,120421,120425,120486,120491,120498,120502,120505,120511,120514,120581,120585,120609,120611,120629,120636,120689,120693,120713,120719,120721,120778,120785,120811,120816,120821,120829,120835,120895,120899,120946,120949,120951,120954,120980,120983,121076,121078,121098,121102,121105,121123,121129,121131,121139,121144,121151,121154,121160,121163,121169,121177,121185,121190,121192,121218],[10,119166,3441,119168,10223,119170,92753],{"id":119167},"python-sorted-vs-listsort-explained",[17,119169,74096],{},[17,119171,77539],{},[14,119173,119174],{},"Python gives you two common ways to sort values:",[30,119176,119177,119181],{},[33,119178,119179],{},[17,119180,74096],{},[33,119182,119183],{},[17,119184,77539],{},[14,119186,119187,119188,119190],{},"They look similar, but they do ",[22,119189,4457],{}," behave the same way.",[14,119192,119193],{},"The main difference is simple:",[30,119195,119196,119204],{},[33,119197,132,119198,119200,119201],{},[17,119199,74096],{}," when you want a ",[22,119202,119203],{},"new sorted result",[33,119205,132,119206,119208,119209],{},[17,119207,77539],{}," when you want to ",[22,119210,119211],{},"change the original list",[14,119213,119214,119215,678,119217,119219],{},"This matters a lot for beginners, especially when ",[17,119216,77539],{},[17,119218,449],{}," and causes confusion.",[141,119221,3473],{"id":3472},[60,119223,119225],{"className":62,"code":119224,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)   # returns a new sorted list\nnumbers.sort()              # sorts the original list in place\n",[17,119226,119227,119247,119251,119268],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,119228,119229,119231,119233,119235,119237,119239,119241,119243,119245],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,119230,801],{"class":75},[69,119232,80],{"class":79},[69,119234,84],{"class":83},[69,119236,1929],{"class":87},[69,119238,91],{"class":83},[69,119240,272],{"class":87},[69,119242,91],{"class":83},[69,119244,316],{"class":87},[69,119246,103],{"class":83},[69,119248,119249],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,119250,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,119252,119253,119255,119257,119259,119261,119263,119265],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,119254,55559],{"class":75},[69,119256,80],{"class":79},[69,119258,74230],{"class":109},[69,119260,113],{"class":83},[69,119262,3512],{"class":121},[69,119264,3525],{"class":83},[69,119266,119267],{"class":128},"   # returns a new sorted list\n",[69,119269,119270,119272,119274,119276,119278],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,119271,3512],{"class":75},[69,119273,25],{"class":83},[69,119275,34457],{"class":121},[69,119277,6994],{"class":83},[69,119279,119280],{"class":128},"              # sorts the original list in place\n",[14,119282,132,119283,119285,119286,119288],{},[17,119284,74096],{}," when you want a new result. Use ",[17,119287,77539],{}," when you want to change the existing list.",[141,119290,119292],{"id":119291},"what-this-page-helps-you-decide","What this page helps you decide",[30,119294,119295,119300,119305,119312],{},[33,119296,132,119297,119299],{},[17,119298,74096],{}," to get a new sorted list",[33,119301,132,119302,119304],{},[17,119303,77539],{}," to sort an existing list in place",[33,119306,119307,119308,678,119310],{},"Understand why ",[17,119309,77539],{},[17,119311,449],{},[33,119313,119314],{},"See when each option is better for beginner code",[141,119316,3540,119317,3543],{"id":117394},[17,119318,74096],{},[14,119320,119321,62597],{},[17,119322,74096],{},[14,119324,48594],{},[30,119326,119327,119333,119339],{},[33,119328,119329,119330],{},"returns a ",[22,119331,119332],{},"new list",[33,119334,119335,119336,119338],{},"does ",[22,119337,4457],{}," change the original data",[33,119340,119341],{},"works with many iterable objects, not just lists",[14,119343,50801],{},[30,119345,119346,119348,119350,119352,119354],{},[33,119347,35],{},[33,119349,38],{},[33,119351,44],{},[33,119353,41],{},[33,119355,35569],{},[1369,119357,34736,119359,119361],{"id":119358},"example-sorted-keeps-the-original-list-unchanged",[17,119360,74096],{}," keeps the original list unchanged",[60,119363,119365],{"className":62,"code":119364,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(\"original:\", numbers)\nprint(\"sorted result:\", result)\n",[17,119366,119367,119387,119391,119405,119409,119427],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,119368,119369,119371,119373,119375,119377,119379,119381,119383,119385],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,119370,801],{"class":75},[69,119372,80],{"class":79},[69,119374,84],{"class":83},[69,119376,1929],{"class":87},[69,119378,91],{"class":83},[69,119380,272],{"class":87},[69,119382,91],{"class":83},[69,119384,316],{"class":87},[69,119386,103],{"class":83},[69,119388,119389],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,119390,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,119392,119393,119395,119397,119399,119401,119403],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,119394,839],{"class":75},[69,119396,80],{"class":79},[69,119398,74230],{"class":109},[69,119400,113],{"class":83},[69,119402,3512],{"class":121},[69,119404,221],{"class":83},[69,119406,119407],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,119408,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,119410,119411,119413,119415,119417,119419,119421,119423,119425],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,119412,110],{"class":109},[69,119414,113],{"class":83},[69,119416,333],{"class":94},[69,119418,11796],{"class":336},[69,119420,333],{"class":94},[69,119422,91],{"class":83},[69,119424,865],{"class":121},[69,119426,221],{"class":83},[69,119428,119429,119431,119433,119435,119438,119440,119442,119444],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,119430,110],{"class":109},[69,119432,113],{"class":83},[69,119434,333],{"class":94},[69,119436,119437],{"class":336},"sorted result:",[69,119439,333],{"class":94},[69,119441,91],{"class":83},[69,119443,80889],{"class":121},[69,119445,221],{"class":83},[14,119447,119448],{},[22,119449,643],{},[60,119451,119453],{"className":62,"code":119452,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"original: [3, 1, 2]\nsorted result: [1, 2, 3]\n",[17,119454,119455,119475],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,119456,119457,119459,119461,119463,119465,119467,119469,119471,119473],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,119458,11775],{"class":75},[69,119460,1044],{"class":83},[69,119462,84],{"class":83},[69,119464,1929],{"class":87},[69,119466,91],{"class":83},[69,119468,272],{"class":87},[69,119470,91],{"class":83},[69,119472,316],{"class":87},[69,119474,103],{"class":83},[69,119476,119477,119479,119481,119483,119485,119487,119489,119491,119493,119495],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,119478,74186],{"class":109},[69,119480,80889],{"class":75},[69,119482,1044],{"class":83},[69,119484,84],{"class":83},[69,119486,473],{"class":87},[69,119488,91],{"class":83},[69,119490,316],{"class":87},[69,119492,91],{"class":83},[69,119494,516],{"class":87},[69,119496,103],{"class":83},[14,119498,119499,119500,119502],{},"The important part is that ",[17,119501,3512],{}," stays the same.",[14,119504,119505,119506,25],{},"If you want a full function-focused explanation, see ",[192,119507,3441,119508,1780],{"href":74193},[17,119509,74096],{},[141,119511,3540,119512,3543],{"id":77605},[17,119513,77539],{},[14,119515,119516,119518],{},[17,119517,63983],{}," is a method that belongs to lists.",[14,119520,48594],{},[30,119522,119523,119526,119529],{},[33,119524,119525],{},"changes the original list directly",[33,119527,119528],{},"only works on lists",[33,119530,3555,119531],{},[17,119532,449],{},[1369,119534,34736,119536,73634],{"id":119535},"example-listsort-changes-the-original-list",[17,119537,77539],{},[60,119539,119541],{"className":62,"code":119540,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,119542,119543,119563,119567,119577,119581],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,119544,119545,119547,119549,119551,119553,119555,119557,119559,119561],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,119546,801],{"class":75},[69,119548,80],{"class":79},[69,119550,84],{"class":83},[69,119552,1929],{"class":87},[69,119554,91],{"class":83},[69,119556,272],{"class":87},[69,119558,91],{"class":83},[69,119560,316],{"class":87},[69,119562,103],{"class":83},[69,119564,119565],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,119566,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,119568,119569,119571,119573,119575],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,119570,3512],{"class":75},[69,119572,25],{"class":83},[69,119574,34457],{"class":121},[69,119576,8277],{"class":83},[69,119578,119579],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,119580,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,119582,119583,119585,119587,119589],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,119584,110],{"class":109},[69,119586,113],{"class":83},[69,119588,3512],{"class":121},[69,119590,221],{"class":83},[14,119592,119593],{},[22,119594,643],{},[60,119596,119597],{"className":62,"code":54819,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,119598,119599],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,119600,119601,119603,119605,119607,119609,119611,119613],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,119602,3739],{"class":83},[69,119604,473],{"class":87},[69,119606,91],{"class":83},[69,119608,316],{"class":87},[69,119610,91],{"class":83},[69,119612,516],{"class":87},[69,119614,103],{"class":83},[14,119616,119617,119618,119621],{},"After calling ",[17,119619,119620],{},"numbers.sort()",", the list itself is changed.",[14,119623,119624,119625,25],{},"For a method-specific reference page, see ",[192,119626,3441,119627,10379],{"href":74447},[17,119628,77539],{},[141,119630,119632],{"id":119631},"main-difference-at-a-glance","Main difference at a glance",[14,119634,119635],{},"Here is the core difference:",[30,119637,119638,119647],{},[33,119639,119640,119643,119644],{},[17,119641,119642],{},"sorted(iterable)"," → returns a ",[22,119645,119646],{},"new sorted list",[33,119648,119649,119652,119653,74004],{},[17,119650,119651],{},"my_list.sort()"," → changes ",[17,119654,7971],{},[1369,119656,119658],{"id":119657},"side-by-side-example","Side-by-side example",[60,119660,119662],{"className":62,"code":119661,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [5, 2, 4]\n\na = sorted(numbers)\nprint(\"numbers after sorted():\", numbers)\nprint(\"a:\", a)\n\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(\"numbers after sort():\", numbers)\n",[17,119663,119664,119684,119688,119702,119721,119740,119744,119754],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,119665,119666,119668,119670,119672,119674,119676,119678,119680,119682],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,119667,801],{"class":75},[69,119669,80],{"class":79},[69,119671,84],{"class":83},[69,119673,670],{"class":87},[69,119675,91],{"class":83},[69,119677,316],{"class":87},[69,119679,91],{"class":83},[69,119681,2323],{"class":87},[69,119683,103],{"class":83},[69,119685,119686],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,119687,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,119689,119690,119692,119694,119696,119698,119700],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,119691,2421],{"class":75},[69,119693,80],{"class":79},[69,119695,74230],{"class":109},[69,119697,113],{"class":83},[69,119699,3512],{"class":121},[69,119701,221],{"class":83},[69,119703,119704,119706,119708,119710,119713,119715,119717,119719],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,119705,110],{"class":109},[69,119707,113],{"class":83},[69,119709,333],{"class":94},[69,119711,119712],{"class":336},"numbers after sorted():",[69,119714,333],{"class":94},[69,119716,91],{"class":83},[69,119718,865],{"class":121},[69,119720,221],{"class":83},[69,119722,119723,119725,119727,119729,119732,119734,119736,119738],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,119724,110],{"class":109},[69,119726,113],{"class":83},[69,119728,333],{"class":94},[69,119730,119731],{"class":336},"a:",[69,119733,333],{"class":94},[69,119735,91],{"class":83},[69,119737,56557],{"class":121},[69,119739,221],{"class":83},[69,119741,119742],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,119743,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,119745,119746,119748,119750,119752],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,119747,3512],{"class":75},[69,119749,25],{"class":83},[69,119751,34457],{"class":121},[69,119753,8277],{"class":83},[69,119755,119756,119758,119760,119762,119765,119767,119769,119771],{"class":71,"line":1269},[69,119757,110],{"class":109},[69,119759,113],{"class":83},[69,119761,333],{"class":94},[69,119763,119764],{"class":336},"numbers after sort():",[69,119766,333],{"class":94},[69,119768,91],{"class":83},[69,119770,865],{"class":121},[69,119772,221],{"class":83},[14,119774,119775],{},[22,119776,643],{},[60,119778,119780],{"className":62,"code":119779,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers after sorted(): [5, 2, 4]\na: [2, 4, 5]\nnumbers after sort(): [2, 4, 5]\n",[17,119781,119782,119805,119825],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,119783,119784,119787,119789,119791,119793,119795,119797,119799,119801,119803],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,119785,119786],{"class":75},"numbers after ",[69,119788,74186],{"class":109},[69,119790,29238],{"class":83},[69,119792,84],{"class":83},[69,119794,670],{"class":87},[69,119796,91],{"class":83},[69,119798,316],{"class":87},[69,119800,91],{"class":83},[69,119802,2323],{"class":87},[69,119804,103],{"class":83},[69,119806,119807,119809,119811,119813,119815,119817,119819,119821,119823],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,119808,192],{"class":75},[69,119810,1044],{"class":83},[69,119812,84],{"class":83},[69,119814,821],{"class":87},[69,119816,91],{"class":83},[69,119818,2323],{"class":87},[69,119820,91],{"class":83},[69,119822,100],{"class":87},[69,119824,103],{"class":83},[69,119826,119827,119829,119831,119833,119835,119837,119839,119841,119843,119845],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,119828,119786],{"class":75},[69,119830,34457],{"class":121},[69,119832,29238],{"class":83},[69,119834,84],{"class":83},[69,119836,821],{"class":87},[69,119838,91],{"class":83},[69,119840,2323],{"class":87},[69,119842,91],{"class":83},[69,119844,100],{"class":87},[69,119846,103],{"class":83},[14,119848,10351],{},[30,119850,119851,119856],{},[33,119852,119853,119855],{},[17,119854,74096],{}," keeps the original data unchanged",[33,119857,119858,119860],{},[17,119859,63983],{}," is useful when you do not need the original order anymore",[141,119862,4788,119864],{"id":119863},"when-to-use-sorted",[17,119865,74096],{},[14,119867,132,119868,10239],{},[17,119869,74096],{},[30,119871,119872,119875,119877,119880],{},[33,119873,119874],{},"you want to keep the original list unchanged",[33,119876,118644],{},[33,119878,119879],{},"you want to store the result in a new variable",[33,119881,119882],{},"you want clearer code that is easy to read",[1369,119884,119886],{"id":119885},"example-sorting-a-tuple","Example: sorting a tuple",[60,119888,119890],{"className":62,"code":119889,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = (4, 1, 3, 2)\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[17,119891,119892,119916,119920,119934,119938,119948],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,119893,119894,119896,119898,119900,119902,119904,119906,119908,119910,119912,119914],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,119895,801],{"class":75},[69,119897,80],{"class":79},[69,119899,8872],{"class":83},[69,119901,808],{"class":87},[69,119903,91],{"class":83},[69,119905,272],{"class":87},[69,119907,91],{"class":83},[69,119909,516],{"class":87},[69,119911,91],{"class":83},[69,119913,316],{"class":87},[69,119915,221],{"class":83},[69,119917,119918],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,119919,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,119921,119922,119924,119926,119928,119930,119932],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,119923,839],{"class":75},[69,119925,80],{"class":79},[69,119927,74230],{"class":109},[69,119929,113],{"class":83},[69,119931,3512],{"class":121},[69,119933,221],{"class":83},[69,119935,119936],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,119937,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,119939,119940,119942,119944,119946],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,119941,110],{"class":109},[69,119943,113],{"class":83},[69,119945,876],{"class":121},[69,119947,221],{"class":83},[69,119949,119950,119952,119954,119956,119958,119960],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,119951,110],{"class":109},[69,119953,113],{"class":83},[69,119955,3087],{"class":1126},[69,119957,113],{"class":83},[69,119959,876],{"class":121},[69,119961,342],{"class":83},[14,119963,119964],{},[22,119965,643],{},[60,119967,119969],{"className":62,"code":119968,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[17,119970,119971,119991],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,119972,119973,119975,119977,119979,119981,119983,119985,119987,119989],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,119974,3739],{"class":83},[69,119976,473],{"class":87},[69,119978,91],{"class":83},[69,119980,316],{"class":87},[69,119982,91],{"class":83},[69,119984,516],{"class":87},[69,119986,91],{"class":83},[69,119988,2323],{"class":87},[69,119990,103],{"class":83},[69,119992,119993,119995,119997,119999,120001,120003],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,119994,852],{"class":79},[69,119996,3158],{"class":1932},[69,119998,3161],{"class":94},[69,120000,7725],{"class":336},[69,120002,488],{"class":94},[69,120004,3168],{"class":79},[14,120006,2152,120007,120009,120010,25],{},[17,120008,74096],{}," can sort a tuple, but the result is a ",[22,120011,7725],{},[14,120013,120014,120015,120017],{},"If you are still learning list behavior, ",[192,120016,52440],{"href":50647}," is a helpful next step.",[141,120019,4788,120021],{"id":120020},"when-to-use-listsort",[17,120022,77539],{},[14,120024,132,120025,10239],{},[17,120026,77539],{},[30,120028,120029,120032,120035,120038],{},[33,120030,120031],{},"you already have a list",[33,120033,120034],{},"you want to update that list directly",[33,120036,120037],{},"you do not need the original order anymore",[33,120039,120040],{},"you want a simple in-place change",[1369,120042,120044],{"id":120043},"example-sorting-one-list-directly","Example: sorting one list directly",[60,120046,120048],{"className":62,"code":120047,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"names = [\"Charlie\", \"Alice\", \"Bob\"]\n\nnames.sort()\n\nprint(names)\n",[17,120049,120050,120082,120086,120096,120100],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,120051,120052,120054,120056,120058,120060,120062,120064,120066,120068,120070,120072,120074,120076,120078,120080],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,120053,4822],{"class":75},[69,120055,80],{"class":79},[69,120057,84],{"class":83},[69,120059,333],{"class":94},[69,120061,4849],{"class":336},[69,120063,333],{"class":94},[69,120065,91],{"class":83},[69,120067,964],{"class":94},[69,120069,4831],{"class":336},[69,120071,333],{"class":94},[69,120073,91],{"class":83},[69,120075,964],{"class":94},[69,120077,4840],{"class":336},[69,120079,333],{"class":94},[69,120081,103],{"class":83},[69,120083,120084],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,120085,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,120087,120088,120090,120092,120094],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,120089,4866],{"class":75},[69,120091,25],{"class":83},[69,120093,34457],{"class":121},[69,120095,8277],{"class":83},[69,120097,120098],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,120099,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,120101,120102,120104,120106,120108],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,120103,110],{"class":109},[69,120105,113],{"class":83},[69,120107,4866],{"class":121},[69,120109,221],{"class":83},[14,120111,120112],{},[22,120113,643],{},[60,120115,120117],{"className":62,"code":120116,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\n",[17,120118,120119],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,120120,120121,120123,120125,120127,120129,120131,120133,120135,120137,120139,120141,120143,120145],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,120122,3739],{"class":83},[69,120124,488],{"class":94},[69,120126,4831],{"class":336},[69,120128,488],{"class":94},[69,120130,91],{"class":83},[69,120132,3161],{"class":94},[69,120134,4840],{"class":336},[69,120136,488],{"class":94},[69,120138,91],{"class":83},[69,120140,3161],{"class":94},[69,120142,4849],{"class":336},[69,120144,488],{"class":94},[69,120146,103],{"class":83},[14,120148,120149],{},"This is a good choice when you only need the list in sorted form and do not care about keeping the old order.",[14,120151,120152,120153,25],{},"If your goal is the task itself, see ",[192,120154,79545],{"href":78048},[141,120156,120158,587,120160,120162],{"id":120157},"reverse-and-key-work-with-both",[17,120159,73249],{},[17,120161,14487],{}," work with both",[14,120164,10228,120165,587,120167,120169],{},[17,120166,74096],{},[17,120168,77539],{}," support:",[30,120171,120172,120177],{},[33,120173,120174,120176],{},[17,120175,77763],{}," for descending order",[33,120178,120179,120182],{},[17,120180,120181],{},"key=..."," for custom sorting rules",[14,120184,120185],{},"The sorting behavior is very similar. The main difference is still whether you get a new list or change the original one.",[1369,120187,120189],{"id":120188},"example-descending-order","Example: descending order",[60,120191,120193],{"className":62,"code":120192,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,120194,120195,120215,120219,120241,120245,120263],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,120196,120197,120199,120201,120203,120205,120207,120209,120211,120213],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,120198,801],{"class":75},[69,120200,80],{"class":79},[69,120202,84],{"class":83},[69,120204,1929],{"class":87},[69,120206,91],{"class":83},[69,120208,272],{"class":87},[69,120210,91],{"class":83},[69,120212,316],{"class":87},[69,120214,103],{"class":83},[69,120216,120217],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,120218,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,120220,120221,120223,120225,120227,120229,120231,120233,120235,120237,120239],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,120222,110],{"class":109},[69,120224,113],{"class":83},[69,120226,74186],{"class":109},[69,120228,113],{"class":83},[69,120230,3512],{"class":121},[69,120232,91],{"class":83},[69,120234,77742],{"class":8811},[69,120236,80],{"class":79},[69,120238,53],{"class":289},[69,120240,342],{"class":83},[69,120242,120243],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,120244,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,120246,120247,120249,120251,120253,120255,120257,120259,120261],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,120248,3512],{"class":75},[69,120250,25],{"class":83},[69,120252,34457],{"class":121},[69,120254,113],{"class":83},[69,120256,73249],{"class":8811},[69,120258,80],{"class":79},[69,120260,53],{"class":289},[69,120262,221],{"class":83},[69,120264,120265,120267,120269,120271],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,120266,110],{"class":109},[69,120268,113],{"class":83},[69,120270,3512],{"class":121},[69,120272,221],{"class":83},[14,120274,120275],{},[22,120276,643],{},[60,120278,120280],{"className":62,"code":120279,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[3, 2, 1]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[17,120281,120282,120298],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,120283,120284,120286,120288,120290,120292,120294,120296],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,120285,3739],{"class":83},[69,120287,1929],{"class":87},[69,120289,91],{"class":83},[69,120291,316],{"class":87},[69,120293,91],{"class":83},[69,120295,272],{"class":87},[69,120297,103],{"class":83},[69,120299,120300,120302,120304,120306,120308,120310,120312],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,120301,3739],{"class":83},[69,120303,1929],{"class":87},[69,120305,91],{"class":83},[69,120307,316],{"class":87},[69,120309,91],{"class":83},[69,120311,272],{"class":87},[69,120313,103],{"class":83},[1369,120315,120317],{"id":120316},"example-case-insensitive-sorting","Example: case-insensitive sorting",[60,120319,120321],{"className":62,"code":120320,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words, key=str.lower))\n\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\nprint(words)\n",[17,120322,120323,120355,120359,120385,120389,120411],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,120324,120325,120327,120329,120331,120333,120335,120337,120339,120341,120343,120345,120347,120349,120351,120353],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,120326,943],{"class":75},[69,120328,80],{"class":79},[69,120330,84],{"class":83},[69,120332,333],{"class":94},[69,120334,83035],{"class":336},[69,120336,333],{"class":94},[69,120338,91],{"class":83},[69,120340,964],{"class":94},[69,120342,952],{"class":336},[69,120344,333],{"class":94},[69,120346,91],{"class":83},[69,120348,964],{"class":94},[69,120350,118509],{"class":336},[69,120352,333],{"class":94},[69,120354,103],{"class":83},[69,120356,120357],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,120358,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,120360,120361,120363,120365,120367,120369,120371,120373,120375,120377,120379,120381,120383],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,120362,110],{"class":109},[69,120364,113],{"class":83},[69,120366,74186],{"class":109},[69,120368,113],{"class":83},[69,120370,3947],{"class":121},[69,120372,91],{"class":83},[69,120374,21230],{"class":8811},[69,120376,80],{"class":79},[69,120378,3309],{"class":1126},[69,120380,25],{"class":83},[69,120382,8274],{"class":24402},[69,120384,342],{"class":83},[69,120386,120387],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,120388,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,120390,120391,120393,120395,120397,120399,120401,120403,120405,120407,120409],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,120392,3947],{"class":75},[69,120394,25],{"class":83},[69,120396,34457],{"class":121},[69,120398,113],{"class":83},[69,120400,14487],{"class":8811},[69,120402,80],{"class":79},[69,120404,3309],{"class":1126},[69,120406,25],{"class":83},[69,120408,8274],{"class":24402},[69,120410,221],{"class":83},[69,120412,120413,120415,120417,120419],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,120414,110],{"class":109},[69,120416,113],{"class":83},[69,120418,3947],{"class":121},[69,120420,221],{"class":83},[14,120422,120423],{},[22,120424,643],{},[60,120426,120428],{"className":62,"code":120427,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[17,120429,120430,120458],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,120431,120432,120434,120436,120438,120440,120442,120444,120446,120448,120450,120452,120454,120456],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,120433,3739],{"class":83},[69,120435,488],{"class":94},[69,120437,952],{"class":336},[69,120439,488],{"class":94},[69,120441,91],{"class":83},[69,120443,3161],{"class":94},[69,120445,83035],{"class":336},[69,120447,488],{"class":94},[69,120449,91],{"class":83},[69,120451,3161],{"class":94},[69,120453,118509],{"class":336},[69,120455,488],{"class":94},[69,120457,103],{"class":83},[69,120459,120460,120462,120464,120466,120468,120470,120472,120474,120476,120478,120480,120482,120484],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,120461,3739],{"class":83},[69,120463,488],{"class":94},[69,120465,952],{"class":336},[69,120467,488],{"class":94},[69,120469,91],{"class":83},[69,120471,3161],{"class":94},[69,120473,83035],{"class":336},[69,120475,488],{"class":94},[69,120477,91],{"class":83},[69,120479,3161],{"class":94},[69,120481,118509],{"class":336},[69,120483,488],{"class":94},[69,120485,103],{"class":83},[14,120487,8050,120488,120490],{},[17,120489,78257],{}," tells Python to compare words in lowercase form.",[14,120492,120493,120494,25],{},"For more advanced custom sorting, especially with dictionaries, see ",[192,120495,120497],{"href":120496},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-of-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","How to sort a list of dictionaries in Python",[141,120499,120501],{"id":120500},"beginner-mistakes-to-watch-for","Beginner mistakes to watch for",[14,120503,120504],{},"These are the most common problems beginners run into.",[1369,120506,120508,120509,12240],{"id":120507},"mistake-1-assigning-listsort-to-a-variable","Mistake 1: Assigning ",[17,120510,77539],{},[14,120512,120513],{},"This is probably the most common one.",[60,120515,120517],{"className":62,"code":120516,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,120518,120519,120539,120543,120557,120561,120571],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,120520,120521,120523,120525,120527,120529,120531,120533,120535,120537],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,120522,801],{"class":75},[69,120524,80],{"class":79},[69,120526,84],{"class":83},[69,120528,1929],{"class":87},[69,120530,91],{"class":83},[69,120532,272],{"class":87},[69,120534,91],{"class":83},[69,120536,316],{"class":87},[69,120538,103],{"class":83},[69,120540,120541],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,120542,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,120544,120545,120547,120549,120551,120553,120555],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,120546,839],{"class":75},[69,120548,80],{"class":79},[69,120550,865],{"class":75},[69,120552,25],{"class":83},[69,120554,34457],{"class":121},[69,120556,8277],{"class":83},[69,120558,120559],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,120560,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,120562,120563,120565,120567,120569],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,120564,110],{"class":109},[69,120566,113],{"class":83},[69,120568,876],{"class":121},[69,120570,221],{"class":83},[69,120572,120573,120575,120577,120579],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,120574,110],{"class":109},[69,120576,113],{"class":83},[69,120578,3512],{"class":121},[69,120580,221],{"class":83},[14,120582,120583],{},[22,120584,643],{},[60,120586,120587],{"className":62,"code":78880,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,120588,120589,120593],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,120590,120591],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,120592,11450],{"class":289},[69,120594,120595,120597,120599,120601,120603,120605,120607],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,120596,3739],{"class":83},[69,120598,473],{"class":87},[69,120600,91],{"class":83},[69,120602,316],{"class":87},[69,120604,91],{"class":83},[69,120606,516],{"class":87},[69,120608,103],{"class":83},[14,120610,11542],{},[30,120612,120613,120618,120623],{},[33,120614,120615,120617],{},[17,120616,119620],{}," sorts the list in place",[33,120619,34673,120620,120622],{},[22,120621,4457],{}," return the sorted list",[33,120624,89659,120625,41819,120627],{},[17,120626,876],{},[17,120628,449],{},[1369,120630,120632,120633,120635],{"id":120631},"mistake-2-expecting-sorted-to-change-the-original-list","Mistake 2: Expecting ",[17,120634,74096],{}," to change the original list",[60,120637,120639],{"className":62,"code":120638,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,120640,120641,120661,120665,120675,120679],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,120642,120643,120645,120647,120649,120651,120653,120655,120657,120659],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,120644,801],{"class":75},[69,120646,80],{"class":79},[69,120648,84],{"class":83},[69,120650,1929],{"class":87},[69,120652,91],{"class":83},[69,120654,272],{"class":87},[69,120656,91],{"class":83},[69,120658,316],{"class":87},[69,120660,103],{"class":83},[69,120662,120663],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,120664,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,120666,120667,120669,120671,120673],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,120668,74186],{"class":109},[69,120670,113],{"class":83},[69,120672,3512],{"class":121},[69,120674,221],{"class":83},[69,120676,120677],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,120678,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,120680,120681,120683,120685,120687],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,120682,110],{"class":109},[69,120684,113],{"class":83},[69,120686,3512],{"class":121},[69,120688,221],{"class":83},[14,120690,120691],{},[22,120692,643],{},[60,120694,120695],{"className":62,"code":118841,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,120696,120697],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,120698,120699,120701,120703,120705,120707,120709,120711],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,120700,3739],{"class":83},[69,120702,1929],{"class":87},[69,120704,91],{"class":83},[69,120706,272],{"class":87},[69,120708,91],{"class":83},[69,120710,316],{"class":87},[69,120712,103],{"class":83},[14,120714,120715,120718],{},[17,120716,120717],{},"sorted(numbers)"," creates a new sorted list, but here the result is not saved anywhere.",[14,120720,10446],{},[60,120722,120724],{"className":62,"code":120723,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n",[17,120725,120726,120746,120750,120764,120768],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,120727,120728,120730,120732,120734,120736,120738,120740,120742,120744],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,120729,801],{"class":75},[69,120731,80],{"class":79},[69,120733,84],{"class":83},[69,120735,1929],{"class":87},[69,120737,91],{"class":83},[69,120739,272],{"class":87},[69,120741,91],{"class":83},[69,120743,316],{"class":87},[69,120745,103],{"class":83},[69,120747,120748],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,120749,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,120751,120752,120754,120756,120758,120760,120762],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,120753,55311],{"class":75},[69,120755,80],{"class":79},[69,120757,74230],{"class":109},[69,120759,113],{"class":83},[69,120761,3512],{"class":121},[69,120763,221],{"class":83},[69,120765,120766],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,120767,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,120769,120770,120772,120774,120776],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,120771,110],{"class":109},[69,120773,113],{"class":83},[69,120775,55330],{"class":121},[69,120777,221],{"class":83},[1369,120779,120781,120782,120784],{"id":120780},"mistake-3-trying-to-call-sort-on-a-tuple-or-string","Mistake 3: Trying to call ",[17,120783,63983],{}," on a tuple or string",[60,120786,120787],{"className":62,"code":78982,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,120788,120789,120801],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,120790,120791,120793,120795,120797,120799],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,120792,34345],{"class":75},[69,120794,80],{"class":79},[69,120796,964],{"class":94},[69,120798,64],{"class":336},[69,120800,3224],{"class":94},[69,120802,120803,120805,120807,120809],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,120804,34366],{"class":75},[69,120806,25],{"class":83},[69,120808,34457],{"class":121},[69,120810,8277],{"class":83},[14,120812,120813,120814,33257],{},"This will fail because strings do not have a ",[17,120815,63983],{},[14,120817,120818,120820],{},[17,120819,63983],{}," only works on lists.",[14,120822,120823,120824,120826,120827,25],{},"If you need to sort other iterable objects, use ",[17,120825,74096],{},". This is easier to understand if you know what an iterable is, so you may also want to read ",[192,120828,375],{"href":374},[1369,120830,120832,120833,118878],{"id":120831},"mistake-4-forgetting-that-sorted-always-returns-a-list","Mistake 4: Forgetting that ",[17,120834,74096],{},[60,120836,120838],{"className":62,"code":120837,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"cab\"\nresult = sorted(text)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[17,120839,120840,120853,120867,120871,120881],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,120841,120842,120844,120846,120848,120851],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,120843,34345],{"class":75},[69,120845,80],{"class":79},[69,120847,964],{"class":94},[69,120849,120850],{"class":336},"cab",[69,120852,3224],{"class":94},[69,120854,120855,120857,120859,120861,120863,120865],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,120856,839],{"class":75},[69,120858,80],{"class":79},[69,120860,74230],{"class":109},[69,120862,113],{"class":83},[69,120864,34366],{"class":121},[69,120866,221],{"class":83},[69,120868,120869],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,120870,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,120872,120873,120875,120877,120879],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,120874,110],{"class":109},[69,120876,113],{"class":83},[69,120878,876],{"class":121},[69,120880,221],{"class":83},[69,120882,120883,120885,120887,120889,120891,120893],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,120884,110],{"class":109},[69,120886,113],{"class":83},[69,120888,3087],{"class":1126},[69,120890,113],{"class":83},[69,120892,876],{"class":121},[69,120894,342],{"class":83},[14,120896,120897],{},[22,120898,643],{},[60,120900,120902],{"className":62,"code":120901,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[17,120903,120904,120932],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,120905,120906,120908,120910,120912,120914,120916,120918,120920,120922,120924,120926,120928,120930],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,120907,3739],{"class":83},[69,120909,488],{"class":94},[69,120911,192],{"class":336},[69,120913,488],{"class":94},[69,120915,91],{"class":83},[69,120917,3161],{"class":94},[69,120919,4587],{"class":336},[69,120921,488],{"class":94},[69,120923,91],{"class":83},[69,120925,3161],{"class":94},[69,120927,9376],{"class":336},[69,120929,488],{"class":94},[69,120931,103],{"class":83},[69,120933,120934,120936,120938,120940,120942,120944],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,120935,852],{"class":79},[69,120937,3158],{"class":1932},[69,120939,3161],{"class":94},[69,120941,7725],{"class":336},[69,120943,488],{"class":94},[69,120945,3168],{"class":79},[14,120947,120948],{},"Even though the original value was a string, the result is still a list.",[141,120950,113399],{"id":113398},[14,120952,120953],{},"Beginners usually mix these up for one of these reasons:",[30,120955,120956,120959,120964,120969,120975],{},[33,120957,120958],{},"confusing a function with a method",[33,120960,120961,120962,53313],{},"not knowing that ",[17,120963,63983],{},[33,120965,120966,120967,12240],{},"assigning the result of ",[17,120968,77539],{},[33,120970,120971,120972,120974],{},"trying to use ",[17,120973,63983],{}," on non-list data types",[33,120976,50173,120977,120979],{},[17,120978,74096],{}," to preserve the original data type, such as tuple or string",[14,120981,120982],{},"If something is not behaving the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[60,120984,120986],{"className":62,"code":120985,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(my_list)\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nresult = my_list.sort(); print(result)\nprint(type(my_data))\nhelp(sorted)\nhelp(list.sort)\n",[17,120987,120988,120998,121012,121037,121052,121062],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,120989,120990,120992,120994,120996],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,120991,110],{"class":109},[69,120993,113],{"class":83},[69,120995,7971],{"class":121},[69,120997,221],{"class":83},[69,120999,121000,121002,121004,121006,121008,121010],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,121001,110],{"class":109},[69,121003,113],{"class":83},[69,121005,74186],{"class":109},[69,121007,113],{"class":83},[69,121009,7971],{"class":121},[69,121011,342],{"class":83},[69,121013,121014,121016,121018,121020,121022,121024,121026,121029,121031,121033,121035],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,121015,839],{"class":75},[69,121017,80],{"class":79},[69,121019,8028],{"class":75},[69,121021,25],{"class":83},[69,121023,34457],{"class":121},[69,121025,6994],{"class":83},[69,121027,121028],{"class":75},"; ",[69,121030,110],{"class":109},[69,121032,113],{"class":83},[69,121034,876],{"class":121},[69,121036,221],{"class":83},[69,121038,121039,121041,121043,121045,121047,121050],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,121040,110],{"class":109},[69,121042,113],{"class":83},[69,121044,3087],{"class":1126},[69,121046,113],{"class":83},[69,121048,121049],{"class":121},"my_data",[69,121051,342],{"class":83},[69,121053,121054,121056,121058,121060],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,121055,31808],{"class":109},[69,121057,113],{"class":83},[69,121059,74186],{"class":109},[69,121061,221],{"class":83},[69,121063,121064,121066,121068,121070,121072,121074],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,121065,31808],{"class":109},[69,121067,113],{"class":83},[69,121069,7725],{"class":1126},[69,121071,25],{"class":83},[69,121073,34457],{"class":24402},[69,121075,221],{"class":83},[14,121077,84045],{},[30,121079,121080,121083,121087,121095],{},[33,121081,121082],{},"whether your original list changed",[33,121084,25672,121085,11347],{},[17,121086,74096],{},[33,121088,121089,121090,121092,121093],{},"whether ",[17,121091,63983],{}," returned ",[17,121094,449],{},[33,121096,121097],{},"what type of object you are working with",[141,121099,121101],{"id":121100},"simple-rule-to-remember","Simple rule to remember",[14,121103,121104],{},"Use this rule:",[30,121106,121107,121115],{},[33,121108,121109,121110,121112,121113],{},"Need a ",[22,121111,119203],{},": use ",[17,121114,74096],{},[33,121116,121117,121118,121112,121121],{},"Need to ",[22,121119,121120],{},"change one list directly",[17,121122,77539],{},[14,121124,121125,121126,121128],{},"For many beginners, ",[17,121127,74096],{}," feels easier because it is more explicit and does not silently change the original list.",[141,121130,1651],{"id":1650},[1369,121132,121134,121135,54,121137,2359],{"id":121133},"which-is-better-for-beginners-sorted-or-listsort","Which is better for beginners, ",[17,121136,74096],{},[17,121138,77539],{},[14,121140,121141,121143],{},[17,121142,74096],{}," is often easier to understand because it returns a new result and does not change the original data.",[1369,121145,4984,121147,4987,121149,2359],{"id":121146},"why-does-listsort-return-none",[17,121148,77539],{},[17,121150,449],{},[14,121152,121153],{},"Because it changes the list directly instead of creating and returning a new sorted list.",[1369,121155,4996,121157,121159],{"id":121156},"can-sorted-sort-a-tuple",[17,121158,74096],{}," sort a tuple?",[14,121161,121162],{},"Yes. It can sort any iterable, but it returns a list.",[1369,121164,27982,121166,121168],{"id":121165},"can-i-use-sort-on-a-string",[17,121167,63983],{}," on a string?",[14,121170,46031,121171,121173,121174,39592],{},[17,121172,63983],{}," is a list method. Use ",[17,121175,121176],{},"sorted(string)",[1369,121178,11461,121180,587,121182,121184],{"id":121179},"do-sorted-and-sort-both-support-descending-order",[17,121181,74096],{},[17,121183,63983],{}," both support descending order?",[14,121186,121187,121188,25],{},"Yes. Both support ",[17,121189,77763],{},[141,121191,1771],{"id":1770},[30,121193,121194,121200,121206,121210,121214],{},[33,121195,121196],{},[192,121197,3441,121198,1780],{"href":74193},[17,121199,74096],{},[33,121201,121202],{},[192,121203,3441,121204,10379],{"href":74447},[17,121205,77539],{},[33,121207,121208],{},[192,121209,79545],{"href":78048},[33,121211,121212],{},[192,121213,120497],{"href":120496},[33,121215,121216],{},[192,121217,52440],{"href":50647},[1802,121219,121220],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":121222},[121223,121224,121225,121229,121233,121236,121240,121244,121249,121259,121260,121261,121273],{"id":3472,"depth":106,"text":3473},{"id":119291,"depth":106,"text":119292},{"id":117394,"depth":106,"text":119116,"children":121226},[121227],{"id":119358,"depth":300,"text":121228},"Example: sorted() keeps the original list unchanged",{"id":77605,"depth":106,"text":79567,"children":121230},[121231],{"id":119535,"depth":300,"text":121232},"Example: list.sort() changes the original list",{"id":119631,"depth":106,"text":119632,"children":121234},[121235],{"id":119657,"depth":300,"text":119658},{"id":119863,"depth":106,"text":121237,"children":121238},"When to use sorted()",[121239],{"id":119885,"depth":300,"text":119886},{"id":120020,"depth":106,"text":121241,"children":121242},"When to use list.sort()",[121243],{"id":120043,"depth":300,"text":120044},{"id":120157,"depth":106,"text":121245,"children":121246},"reverse and key work with both",[121247,121248],{"id":120188,"depth":300,"text":120189},{"id":120316,"depth":300,"text":120317},{"id":120500,"depth":106,"text":120501,"children":121250},[121251,121253,121255,121257],{"id":120507,"depth":300,"text":121252},"Mistake 1: Assigning list.sort() to a variable",{"id":120631,"depth":300,"text":121254},"Mistake 2: Expecting sorted() to change the original list",{"id":120780,"depth":300,"text":121256},"Mistake 3: Trying to call sort() on a tuple or string",{"id":120831,"depth":300,"text":121258},"Mistake 4: Forgetting that sorted() always returns a list",{"id":113398,"depth":106,"text":113399},{"id":121100,"depth":106,"text":121101},{"id":1650,"depth":106,"text":1651,"children":121262},[121263,121265,121267,121269,121271],{"id":121133,"depth":300,"text":121264},"Which is better for beginners, sorted() or list.sort()?",{"id":121146,"depth":300,"text":121266},"Why does list.sort() return None?",{"id":121156,"depth":300,"text":121268},"Can sorted() sort a tuple?",{"id":121165,"depth":300,"text":121270},"Can I use sort() on a string?",{"id":121179,"depth":300,"text":121272},"Do sorted() and sort() both support descending order?",{"id":1770,"depth":106,"text":1771},"Master python sorted vs list.sort explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":119162,"description":121274},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","X_9GbXWbpLil07A8gxuHLi2EoRTNXkAwL_w70GVpp14",{"id":121280,"title":41840,"body":121281,"description":123013,"extension":1828,"meta":123014,"navigation":833,"path":123015,"seo":123016,"stem":123017,"__hash__":123018},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":121282,"toc":122970},[121283,121288,121293,121299,121301,121356,121360,121383,121388,121393,121398,121400,121431,121434,121448,121450,121452,121467,121472,121476,121479,121530,121534,121548,121555,121559,121563,121618,121622,121645,121649,121705,121709,121732,121736,121791,121795,121818,121822,121889,121893,121928,121934,121939,121944,121946,121960,121962,122036,122040,122060,122065,122072,122075,122087,122089,122158,122162,122199,122202,122227,122234,122243,122246,122258,122264,122270,122272,122278,122283,122362,122366,122407,122411,122413,122440,122443,122466,122469,122475,122478,122515,122527,122534,122536,122587,122590,122622,122625,122627,122634,122636,122651,122653,122710,122714,122738,122740,122745,122761,122768,122772,122775,122858,122868,122870,122875,122878,122884,122887,122893,122896,122902,122905,122912,122920,122922,122967],[10,121284,3441,121286,3444],{"id":121285},"python-str-function-explained",[17,121287,47350],{},[14,121289,31973,121290,121292],{},[17,121291,47350],{}," function converts a value into a string.",[14,121294,121295,121296,121298],{},"A string is text in Python. Beginners often use ",[17,121297,47350],{}," when they need to turn a number into text before combining it with other strings.",[141,121300,1870],{"id":1869},[60,121302,121304],{"className":62,"code":121303,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[17,121305,121306,121314,121328,121332,121342],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,121307,121308,121310,121312],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,121309,21279],{"class":75},[69,121311,80],{"class":79},[69,121313,44891],{"class":87},[69,121315,121316,121318,121320,121322,121324,121326],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,121317,34345],{"class":75},[69,121319,80],{"class":79},[69,121321,48571],{"class":1126},[69,121323,113],{"class":83},[69,121325,8935],{"class":121},[69,121327,221],{"class":83},[69,121329,121330],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,121331,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,121333,121334,121336,121338,121340],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,121335,110],{"class":109},[69,121337,113],{"class":83},[69,121339,34366],{"class":121},[69,121341,221],{"class":83},[69,121343,121344,121346,121348,121350,121352,121354],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,121345,110],{"class":109},[69,121347,113],{"class":83},[69,121349,3087],{"class":1126},[69,121351,113],{"class":83},[69,121353,34366],{"class":121},[69,121355,342],{"class":83},[14,121357,121358],{},[22,121359,643],{},[60,121361,121363],{"className":62,"code":121362,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[17,121364,121365,121369],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,121366,121367],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,121368,2576],{"class":87},[69,121370,121371,121373,121375,121377,121379,121381],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,121372,852],{"class":79},[69,121374,3158],{"class":1932},[69,121376,3161],{"class":94},[69,121378,3309],{"class":336},[69,121380,488],{"class":94},[69,121382,3168],{"class":79},[14,121384,132,121385,121387],{},[17,121386,47350],{}," when you need a string version of a value, such as a number before joining or concatenating text.",[141,121389,3540,121391,3543],{"id":121390},"what-str-does",[17,121392,47350],{},[14,121394,121395,121397],{},[17,121396,47350],{}," converts a value into a string.",[14,121399,1974],{},[30,121401,121402,121409,121416,121423],{},[33,121403,121404,121405,41819,121407],{},"An integer like ",[17,121406,2197],{},[17,121408,41790],{},[33,121410,121411,121412,41819,121414],{},"A float like ",[17,121413,39806],{},[17,121415,47761],{},[33,121417,121418,121419,41819,121421],{},"A boolean like ",[17,121420,53],{},[17,121422,1491],{},[33,121424,121425,121426,41819,121428],{},"A list like ",[17,121427,74918],{},[17,121429,121430],{},"\"[1, 2, 3]\"",[14,121432,121433],{},"The result is text, so you can:",[30,121435,121436,121439,121442,121445],{},[33,121437,121438],{},"print it",[33,121440,121441],{},"combine it with other strings",[33,121443,121444],{},"save it to a file",[33,121446,121447],{},"use it in messages",[141,121449,2024],{"id":2023},[14,121451,6846],{},[60,121453,121455],{"className":62,"code":121454,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"str(object)\n",[17,121456,121457],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,121458,121459,121461,121463,121465],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,121460,3309],{"class":1126},[69,121462,113],{"class":83},[69,121464,42063],{"class":1126},[69,121466,221],{"class":83},[14,121468,20421,121469,121471],{},[17,121470,42063],{}," is the value you want to convert.",[14,121473,121474,7857],{},[17,121475,47350],{},[14,121477,121478],{},"A very common beginner use case is converting a number before combining it with text:",[60,121480,121482],{"className":62,"code":121481,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"score = 100\nmessage = \"Your score is \" + str(score)\n\nprint(message)\n",[17,121483,121484,121493,121516,121520],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,121485,121486,121488,121490],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,121487,4923],{"class":75},[69,121489,80],{"class":79},[69,121491,121492],{"class":87}," 100\n",[69,121494,121495,121497,121499,121501,121504,121506,121508,121510,121512,121514],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,121496,89679],{"class":75},[69,121498,80],{"class":79},[69,121500,964],{"class":94},[69,121502,121503],{"class":336},"Your score is ",[69,121505,333],{"class":94},[69,121507,2320],{"class":79},[69,121509,48571],{"class":1126},[69,121511,113],{"class":83},[69,121513,85192],{"class":121},[69,121515,221],{"class":83},[69,121517,121518],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,121519,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,121521,121522,121524,121526,121528],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,121523,110],{"class":109},[69,121525,113],{"class":83},[69,121527,89696],{"class":121},[69,121529,221],{"class":83},[14,121531,121532],{},[22,121533,643],{},[60,121535,121537],{"className":62,"code":121536,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Your score is 100\n",[17,121538,121539],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,121540,121541,121544,121546],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,121542,121543],{"class":75},"Your score ",[69,121545,11836],{"class":79},[69,121547,121492],{"class":87},[14,121549,2162,121550,121554],{},[192,121551,121552,2169],{"href":2165},[17,121553,2168],{}," can help you check.",[141,121556,121558],{"id":121557},"simple-examples","Simple examples",[1369,121560,121562],{"id":121561},"convert-an-integer-to-a-string","Convert an integer to a string",[60,121564,121566],{"className":62,"code":121565,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"number = 10\ntext = str(number)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[17,121567,121568,121576,121590,121594,121604],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,121569,121570,121572,121574],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,121571,1334],{"class":75},[69,121573,80],{"class":79},[69,121575,2454],{"class":87},[69,121577,121578,121580,121582,121584,121586,121588],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,121579,34345],{"class":75},[69,121581,80],{"class":79},[69,121583,48571],{"class":1126},[69,121585,113],{"class":83},[69,121587,2106],{"class":121},[69,121589,221],{"class":83},[69,121591,121592],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,121593,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,121595,121596,121598,121600,121602],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,121597,110],{"class":109},[69,121599,113],{"class":83},[69,121601,34366],{"class":121},[69,121603,221],{"class":83},[69,121605,121606,121608,121610,121612,121614,121616],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,121607,110],{"class":109},[69,121609,113],{"class":83},[69,121611,3087],{"class":1126},[69,121613,113],{"class":83},[69,121615,34366],{"class":121},[69,121617,342],{"class":83},[14,121619,121620],{},[22,121621,643],{},[60,121623,121625],{"className":62,"code":121624,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"10\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[17,121626,121627,121631],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,121628,121629],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,121630,2243],{"class":87},[69,121632,121633,121635,121637,121639,121641,121643],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,121634,852],{"class":79},[69,121636,3158],{"class":1932},[69,121638,3161],{"class":94},[69,121640,3309],{"class":336},[69,121642,488],{"class":94},[69,121644,3168],{"class":79},[1369,121646,121648],{"id":121647},"convert-a-float-to-a-string","Convert a float to a string",[60,121650,121652],{"className":62,"code":121651,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"price = 3.14\ntext = str(price)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[17,121653,121654,121663,121677,121681,121691],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,121655,121656,121658,121660],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,121657,40050],{"class":75},[69,121659,80],{"class":79},[69,121661,121662],{"class":87}," 3.14\n",[69,121664,121665,121667,121669,121671,121673,121675],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,121666,34345],{"class":75},[69,121668,80],{"class":79},[69,121670,48571],{"class":1126},[69,121672,113],{"class":83},[69,121674,24802],{"class":121},[69,121676,221],{"class":83},[69,121678,121679],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,121680,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,121682,121683,121685,121687,121689],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,121684,110],{"class":109},[69,121686,113],{"class":83},[69,121688,34366],{"class":121},[69,121690,221],{"class":83},[69,121692,121693,121695,121697,121699,121701,121703],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,121694,110],{"class":109},[69,121696,113],{"class":83},[69,121698,3087],{"class":1126},[69,121700,113],{"class":83},[69,121702,34366],{"class":121},[69,121704,342],{"class":83},[14,121706,121707],{},[22,121708,643],{},[60,121710,121712],{"className":62,"code":121711,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"3.14\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[17,121713,121714,121718],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,121715,121716],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,121717,39840],{"class":87},[69,121719,121720,121722,121724,121726,121728,121730],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,121721,852],{"class":79},[69,121723,3158],{"class":1932},[69,121725,3161],{"class":94},[69,121727,3309],{"class":336},[69,121729,488],{"class":94},[69,121731,3168],{"class":79},[1369,121733,121735],{"id":121734},"convert-a-boolean-to-a-string","Convert a boolean to a string",[60,121737,121739],{"className":62,"code":121738,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = True\ntext = str(value)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[17,121740,121741,121749,121763,121767,121777],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,121742,121743,121745,121747],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,121744,2313],{"class":75},[69,121746,80],{"class":79},[69,121748,1266],{"class":289},[69,121750,121751,121753,121755,121757,121759,121761],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,121752,34345],{"class":75},[69,121754,80],{"class":79},[69,121756,48571],{"class":1126},[69,121758,113],{"class":83},[69,121760,2339],{"class":121},[69,121762,221],{"class":83},[69,121764,121765],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,121766,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,121768,121769,121771,121773,121775],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,121770,110],{"class":109},[69,121772,113],{"class":83},[69,121774,34366],{"class":121},[69,121776,221],{"class":83},[69,121778,121779,121781,121783,121785,121787,121789],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,121780,110],{"class":109},[69,121782,113],{"class":83},[69,121784,3087],{"class":1126},[69,121786,113],{"class":83},[69,121788,34366],{"class":121},[69,121790,342],{"class":83},[14,121792,121793],{},[22,121794,643],{},[60,121796,121798],{"className":62,"code":121797,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"True\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[17,121799,121800,121804],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,121801,121802],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,121803,355],{"class":289},[69,121805,121806,121808,121810,121812,121814,121816],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,121807,852],{"class":79},[69,121809,3158],{"class":1932},[69,121811,3161],{"class":94},[69,121813,3309],{"class":336},[69,121815,488],{"class":94},[69,121817,3168],{"class":79},[1369,121819,121821],{"id":121820},"convert-a-list-to-a-string","Convert a list to a string",[60,121823,121825],{"className":62,"code":121824,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = [1, 2, 3]\ntext = str(items)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[17,121826,121827,121847,121861,121865,121875],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,121828,121829,121831,121833,121835,121837,121839,121841,121843,121845],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,121830,7409],{"class":75},[69,121832,80],{"class":79},[69,121834,84],{"class":83},[69,121836,473],{"class":87},[69,121838,91],{"class":83},[69,121840,316],{"class":87},[69,121842,91],{"class":83},[69,121844,516],{"class":87},[69,121846,103],{"class":83},[69,121848,121849,121851,121853,121855,121857,121859],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,121850,34345],{"class":75},[69,121852,80],{"class":79},[69,121854,48571],{"class":1126},[69,121856,113],{"class":83},[69,121858,7440],{"class":121},[69,121860,221],{"class":83},[69,121862,121863],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,121864,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,121866,121867,121869,121871,121873],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,121868,110],{"class":109},[69,121870,113],{"class":83},[69,121872,34366],{"class":121},[69,121874,221],{"class":83},[69,121876,121877,121879,121881,121883,121885,121887],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,121878,110],{"class":109},[69,121880,113],{"class":83},[69,121882,3087],{"class":1126},[69,121884,113],{"class":83},[69,121886,34366],{"class":121},[69,121888,342],{"class":83},[14,121890,121891],{},[22,121892,643],{},[60,121894,121896],{"className":62,"code":121895,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[17,121897,121898,121914],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,121899,121900,121902,121904,121906,121908,121910,121912],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,121901,3739],{"class":83},[69,121903,473],{"class":87},[69,121905,91],{"class":83},[69,121907,316],{"class":87},[69,121909,91],{"class":83},[69,121911,516],{"class":87},[69,121913,103],{"class":83},[69,121915,121916,121918,121920,121922,121924,121926],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,121917,852],{"class":79},[69,121919,3158],{"class":1932},[69,121921,3161],{"class":94},[69,121923,3309],{"class":336},[69,121925,488],{"class":94},[69,121927,3168],{"class":79},[14,121929,121930,121931,121933],{},"This gives you the string form of the list. It does ",[22,121932,4457],{}," join the items into a clean sentence.",[141,121935,4788,121937],{"id":121936},"when-to-use-str",[17,121938,47350],{},[14,121940,132,121941,121943],{},[17,121942,47350],{}," when you want a text representation of another data type.",[14,121945,36086],{},[30,121947,121948,121951,121954,121957],{},[33,121949,121950],{},"Before concatenating text with numbers",[33,121952,121953],{},"Before writing mixed values to a file",[33,121955,121956],{},"Before displaying values in messages",[33,121958,121959],{},"When you want text instead of a numeric value",[14,121961,2076],{},[60,121963,121965],{"className":62,"code":121964,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 25\n\nmessage = name + \" is \" + str(age) + \" years old.\"\nprint(message)\n",[17,121966,121967,121979,121987,121991,122026],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,121968,121969,121971,121973,121975,121977],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,121970,7507],{"class":75},[69,121972,80],{"class":79},[69,121974,964],{"class":94},[69,121976,11150],{"class":336},[69,121978,3224],{"class":94},[69,121980,121981,121983,121985],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,121982,21279],{"class":75},[69,121984,80],{"class":79},[69,121986,44891],{"class":87},[69,121988,121989],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,121990,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,121992,121993,121995,121997,121999,122001,122003,122005,122007,122009,122011,122013,122015,122017,122019,122021,122024],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,121994,89679],{"class":75},[69,121996,80],{"class":79},[69,121998,35628],{"class":75},[69,122000,1926],{"class":79},[69,122002,964],{"class":94},[69,122004,4610],{"class":336},[69,122006,333],{"class":94},[69,122008,2320],{"class":79},[69,122010,48571],{"class":1126},[69,122012,113],{"class":83},[69,122014,8935],{"class":121},[69,122016,3525],{"class":83},[69,122018,2320],{"class":79},[69,122020,964],{"class":94},[69,122022,122023],{"class":336}," years old.",[69,122025,3224],{"class":94},[69,122027,122028,122030,122032,122034],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,122029,110],{"class":109},[69,122031,113],{"class":83},[69,122033,89696],{"class":121},[69,122035,221],{"class":83},[14,122037,122038],{},[22,122039,643],{},[60,122041,122043],{"className":62,"code":122042,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Maya is 25 years old.\n",[17,122044,122045],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,122046,122047,122050,122052,122054,122057],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,122048,122049],{"class":75},"Maya ",[69,122051,11836],{"class":79},[69,122053,8942],{"class":87},[69,122055,122056],{"class":75}," years old",[69,122058,122059],{"class":83},".\n",[14,122061,122062,122063,25],{},"If you need help with cleaner message building, see ",[192,122064,89365],{"href":89364},[141,122066,122068,10223,122070],{"id":122067},"str-vs-print",[17,122069,47350],{},[17,122071,46118],{},[14,122073,122074],{},"These two functions do different jobs:",[30,122076,122077,122082],{},[33,122078,122079,122081],{},[17,122080,47350],{}," converts a value and returns a string",[33,122083,122084,122086],{},[17,122085,46118],{}," displays output on the screen",[14,122088,2076],{},[60,122090,122092],{"className":62,"code":122091,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = 42\n\ntext = str(value)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(value))\n",[17,122093,122094,122102,122106,122120,122130,122144],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,122095,122096,122098,122100],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,122097,2313],{"class":75},[69,122099,80],{"class":79},[69,122101,2636],{"class":87},[69,122103,122104],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,122105,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,122107,122108,122110,122112,122114,122116,122118],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,122109,34345],{"class":75},[69,122111,80],{"class":79},[69,122113,48571],{"class":1126},[69,122115,113],{"class":83},[69,122117,2339],{"class":121},[69,122119,221],{"class":83},[69,122121,122122,122124,122126,122128],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,122123,110],{"class":109},[69,122125,113],{"class":83},[69,122127,34366],{"class":121},[69,122129,221],{"class":83},[69,122131,122132,122134,122136,122138,122140,122142],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,122133,110],{"class":109},[69,122135,113],{"class":83},[69,122137,3087],{"class":1126},[69,122139,113],{"class":83},[69,122141,34366],{"class":121},[69,122143,342],{"class":83},[69,122145,122146,122148,122150,122152,122154,122156],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,122147,110],{"class":109},[69,122149,113],{"class":83},[69,122151,3087],{"class":1126},[69,122153,113],{"class":83},[69,122155,2339],{"class":121},[69,122157,342],{"class":83},[14,122159,122160],{},[22,122161,643],{},[60,122163,122165],{"className":62,"code":122164,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[17,122166,122167,122171,122185],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,122168,122169],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,122170,46278],{"class":87},[69,122172,122173,122175,122177,122179,122181,122183],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,122174,852],{"class":79},[69,122176,3158],{"class":1932},[69,122178,3161],{"class":94},[69,122180,3309],{"class":336},[69,122182,488],{"class":94},[69,122184,3168],{"class":79},[69,122186,122187,122189,122191,122193,122195,122197],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,122188,852],{"class":79},[69,122190,3158],{"class":1932},[69,122192,3161],{"class":94},[69,122194,2056],{"class":336},[69,122196,488],{"class":94},[69,122198,3168],{"class":79},[14,122200,122201],{},"Notice:",[30,122203,122204,122210,122215],{},[33,122205,122206,122209],{},[17,122207,122208],{},"str(value)"," created a string",[33,122211,122212,122214],{},[17,122213,46118],{}," only displayed values",[33,122216,122217,122219,122220,122222,122223,60972,122225],{},[17,122218,46118],{}," did not change ",[17,122221,2339],{}," from ",[17,122224,2056],{},[17,122226,3309],{},[14,122228,122229,122230,25],{},"You can learn more about output with the ",[192,122231,122232,2169],{"href":46115},[17,122233,46118],{},[141,122235,122237,10223,122239,122242],{"id":122236},"str-vs-repr-for-beginners",[17,122238,47350],{},[17,122240,122241],{},"repr()"," for beginners",[14,122244,122245],{},"For beginners, the main idea is simple:",[30,122247,122248,122253],{},[33,122249,122250,122252],{},[17,122251,47350],{}," is the more readable text version",[33,122254,122255,122257],{},[17,122256,122241],{}," is more developer-focused",[14,122259,122260,122261,122263],{},"In everyday beginner code, you will usually need ",[17,122262,47350],{}," much more often.",[14,122265,122266,122267,122269],{},"For example, when showing values in a message, ",[17,122268,47350],{}," is usually the right choice.",[141,122271,1362],{"id":1361},[1369,122273,25427,122275,122277],{"id":122274},"thinking-str-changes-the-original-variable",[17,122276,47350],{}," changes the original variable",[14,122279,122280,122282],{},[17,122281,47350],{}," does not modify the original value. It returns a new string.",[60,122284,122286],{"className":62,"code":122285,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[17,122287,122288,122296,122310,122314,122324,122338,122348],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,122289,122290,122292,122294],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,122291,21279],{"class":75},[69,122293,80],{"class":79},[69,122295,44891],{"class":87},[69,122297,122298,122300,122302,122304,122306,122308],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,122299,34345],{"class":75},[69,122301,80],{"class":79},[69,122303,48571],{"class":1126},[69,122305,113],{"class":83},[69,122307,8935],{"class":121},[69,122309,221],{"class":83},[69,122311,122312],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,122313,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,122315,122316,122318,122320,122322],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,122317,110],{"class":109},[69,122319,113],{"class":83},[69,122321,8935],{"class":121},[69,122323,221],{"class":83},[69,122325,122326,122328,122330,122332,122334,122336],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,122327,110],{"class":109},[69,122329,113],{"class":83},[69,122331,3087],{"class":1126},[69,122333,113],{"class":83},[69,122335,8935],{"class":121},[69,122337,342],{"class":83},[69,122339,122340,122342,122344,122346],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,122341,110],{"class":109},[69,122343,113],{"class":83},[69,122345,34366],{"class":121},[69,122347,221],{"class":83},[69,122349,122350,122352,122354,122356,122358,122360],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,122351,110],{"class":109},[69,122353,113],{"class":83},[69,122355,3087],{"class":1126},[69,122357,113],{"class":83},[69,122359,34366],{"class":121},[69,122361,342],{"class":83},[14,122363,122364],{},[22,122365,643],{},[60,122367,122369],{"className":62,"code":122368,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[17,122370,122371,122375,122389,122393],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,122372,122373],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,122374,2576],{"class":87},[69,122376,122377,122379,122381,122383,122385,122387],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,122378,852],{"class":79},[69,122380,3158],{"class":1932},[69,122382,3161],{"class":94},[69,122384,2056],{"class":336},[69,122386,488],{"class":94},[69,122388,3168],{"class":79},[69,122390,122391],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,122392,2576],{"class":87},[69,122394,122395,122397,122399,122401,122403,122405],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,122396,852],{"class":79},[69,122398,3158],{"class":1932},[69,122400,3161],{"class":94},[69,122402,3309],{"class":336},[69,122404,488],{"class":94},[69,122406,3168],{"class":79},[1369,122408,122410],{"id":122409},"forgetting-to-store-the-result","Forgetting to store the result",[14,122412,1538],{},[60,122414,122416],{"className":62,"code":122415,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n",[17,122417,122418,122426],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,122419,122420,122422,122424],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,122421,21279],{"class":75},[69,122423,80],{"class":79},[69,122425,44891],{"class":87},[69,122427,122428,122430,122432,122434,122436,122438],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,122429,34345],{"class":75},[69,122431,80],{"class":79},[69,122433,48571],{"class":1126},[69,122435,113],{"class":83},[69,122437,8935],{"class":121},[69,122439,221],{"class":83},[14,122441,122442],{},"But if you only do this:",[60,122444,122446],{"className":62,"code":122445,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"age = 25\nstr(age)\n",[17,122447,122448,122456],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,122449,122450,122452,122454],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,122451,21279],{"class":75},[69,122453,80],{"class":79},[69,122455,44891],{"class":87},[69,122457,122458,122460,122462,122464],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,122459,3309],{"class":1126},[69,122461,113],{"class":83},[69,122463,8935],{"class":121},[69,122465,221],{"class":83},[14,122467,122468],{},"the conversion happens, but you did not save the result anywhere.",[1369,122470,8050,122472,122474],{"id":122471},"using-str-too-early",[17,122473,47350],{}," too early",[14,122476,122477],{},"If you convert a number to a string, you can no longer use it directly for math.",[60,122479,122481],{"className":62,"code":122480,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"price = 10\ntext_price = str(price)\n\n# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[17,122482,122483,122491,122506,122510],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,122484,122485,122487,122489],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,122486,40050],{"class":75},[69,122488,80],{"class":79},[69,122490,2454],{"class":87},[69,122492,122493,122496,122498,122500,122502,122504],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,122494,122495],{"class":75},"text_price ",[69,122497,80],{"class":79},[69,122499,48571],{"class":1126},[69,122501,113],{"class":83},[69,122503,24802],{"class":121},[69,122505,221],{"class":83},[69,122507,122508],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,122509,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,122511,122512],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,122513,122514],{"class":128},"# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[14,122516,122517,122518,54,122522,122526],{},"If you need a number again, convert it back with ",[192,122519,122520],{"href":2743},[17,122521,2746],{},[192,122523,122524],{"href":2749},[17,122525,2752],{},", depending on the situation.",[1369,122528,8086,122530,122533],{"id":122529},"expecting-strlist_value-to-create-user-friendly-formatting",[17,122531,122532],{},"str(list_value)"," to create user-friendly formatting",[14,122535,64315],{},[60,122537,122539],{"className":62,"code":122538,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nprint(str(items))\n",[17,122540,122541,122573],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,122542,122543,122545,122547,122549,122551,122553,122555,122557,122559,122561,122563,122565,122567,122569,122571],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,122544,7409],{"class":75},[69,122546,80],{"class":79},[69,122548,84],{"class":83},[69,122550,333],{"class":94},[69,122552,952],{"class":336},[69,122554,333],{"class":94},[69,122556,91],{"class":83},[69,122558,964],{"class":94},[69,122560,967],{"class":336},[69,122562,333],{"class":94},[69,122564,91],{"class":83},[69,122566,964],{"class":94},[69,122568,32877],{"class":336},[69,122570,333],{"class":94},[69,122572,103],{"class":83},[69,122574,122575,122577,122579,122581,122583,122585],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,122576,110],{"class":109},[69,122578,113],{"class":83},[69,122580,3309],{"class":1126},[69,122582,113],{"class":83},[69,122584,7440],{"class":121},[69,122586,342],{"class":83},[14,122588,122589],{},"prints:",[60,122591,122592],{"className":62,"code":72508,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,122593,122594],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,122595,122596,122598,122600,122602,122604,122606,122608,122610,122612,122614,122616,122618,122620],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,122597,3739],{"class":83},[69,122599,488],{"class":94},[69,122601,952],{"class":336},[69,122603,488],{"class":94},[69,122605,91],{"class":83},[69,122607,3161],{"class":94},[69,122609,967],{"class":336},[69,122611,488],{"class":94},[69,122613,91],{"class":83},[69,122615,3161],{"class":94},[69,122617,32877],{"class":336},[69,122619,488],{"class":94},[69,122621,103],{"class":83},[14,122623,122624],{},"That is the string representation of the list. It is not the same as a nicely formatted sentence.",[141,122626,17067],{"id":17066},[14,122628,122629,21626,122631,25],{},[17,122630,47350],{},[22,122632,122633],{},"new string",[14,122635,11099],{},[30,122637,122638,122641,122644],{},[33,122639,122640],{},"It always returns a string",[33,122642,122643],{},"It does not modify the original object",[33,122645,7392,122646,122650],{},[192,122647,122648],{"href":2165},[17,122649,2168],{}," to confirm the result",[14,122652,2076],{},[60,122654,122656],{"className":62,"code":122655,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = 99\nconverted = str(value)\n\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[17,122657,122658,122666,122681,122685,122696],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,122659,122660,122662,122664],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,122661,2313],{"class":75},[69,122663,80],{"class":79},[69,122665,13776],{"class":87},[69,122667,122668,122671,122673,122675,122677,122679],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,122669,122670],{"class":75},"converted ",[69,122672,80],{"class":79},[69,122674,48571],{"class":1126},[69,122676,113],{"class":83},[69,122678,2339],{"class":121},[69,122680,221],{"class":83},[69,122682,122683],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,122684,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,122686,122687,122689,122691,122694],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,122688,110],{"class":109},[69,122690,113],{"class":83},[69,122692,122693],{"class":121},"converted",[69,122695,221],{"class":83},[69,122697,122698,122700,122702,122704,122706,122708],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,122699,110],{"class":109},[69,122701,113],{"class":83},[69,122703,3087],{"class":1126},[69,122705,113],{"class":83},[69,122707,122693],{"class":121},[69,122709,342],{"class":83},[14,122711,122712],{},[22,122713,643],{},[60,122715,122717],{"className":62,"code":122716,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"99\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[17,122718,122719,122724],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,122720,122721],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,122722,122723],{"class":87},"99\n",[69,122725,122726,122728,122730,122732,122734,122736],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,122727,852],{"class":79},[69,122729,3158],{"class":1932},[69,122731,3161],{"class":94},[69,122733,3309],{"class":336},[69,122735,488],{"class":94},[69,122737,3168],{"class":79},[141,122739,113399],{"id":113398},[14,122741,122742,122743,74487],{},"Beginners usually run into trouble with ",[17,122744,47350],{},[30,122746,122747,122750,122753,122758],{},[33,122748,122749],{},"Trying to add a string and an integer without conversion",[33,122751,122752],{},"Confusing conversion with printing",[33,122754,8050,122755,122757],{},[17,122756,47350],{}," too early and then trying to do math on the result",[33,122759,122760],{},"Assuming list or dictionary conversion creates user-friendly formatting",[14,122762,122763,122764,25],{},"A very common related error happens when you try to combine text and a number directly. If that is your problem, see ",[192,122765,25332,122766],{"href":90077},[17,122767,90078],{},[141,122769,122771],{"id":122770},"useful-debugging-steps","Useful debugging steps",[14,122773,122774],{},"If you are not sure what is happening, print both the value and its type:",[60,122776,122778],{"className":62,"code":122777,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = 25\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nconverted = str(value)\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[17,122779,122780,122788,122792,122802,122816,122820,122834,122844],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,122781,122782,122784,122786],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,122783,2313],{"class":75},[69,122785,80],{"class":79},[69,122787,44891],{"class":87},[69,122789,122790],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,122791,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,122793,122794,122796,122798,122800],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,122795,110],{"class":109},[69,122797,113],{"class":83},[69,122799,2339],{"class":121},[69,122801,221],{"class":83},[69,122803,122804,122806,122808,122810,122812,122814],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,122805,110],{"class":109},[69,122807,113],{"class":83},[69,122809,3087],{"class":1126},[69,122811,113],{"class":83},[69,122813,2339],{"class":121},[69,122815,342],{"class":83},[69,122817,122818],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,122819,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,122821,122822,122824,122826,122828,122830,122832],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,122823,122670],{"class":75},[69,122825,80],{"class":79},[69,122827,48571],{"class":1126},[69,122829,113],{"class":83},[69,122831,2339],{"class":121},[69,122833,221],{"class":83},[69,122835,122836,122838,122840,122842],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,122837,110],{"class":109},[69,122839,113],{"class":83},[69,122841,122693],{"class":121},[69,122843,221],{"class":83},[69,122845,122846,122848,122850,122852,122854,122856],{"class":71,"line":1269},[69,122847,110],{"class":109},[69,122849,113],{"class":83},[69,122851,3087],{"class":1126},[69,122853,113],{"class":83},[69,122855,122693],{"class":121},[69,122857,342],{"class":83},[14,122859,122860,122861,2057,122863,122865,122866,25],{},"This helps you see exactly when a value changes from ",[17,122862,2056],{},[17,122864,2060],{},", or another type into ",[17,122867,3309],{},[141,122869,1651],{"id":1650},[1369,122871,4969,122873,4972],{"id":122872},"what-does-str-return-in-python",[17,122874,47350],{},[14,122876,122877],{},"It returns a string version of the value you pass in.",[1369,122879,12347,122881,122883],{"id":122880},"does-str-change-the-original-variable",[17,122882,47350],{}," change the original variable?",[14,122885,122886],{},"No. It creates and returns a new string.",[1369,122888,4996,122890,122892],{"id":122889},"can-str-convert-numbers-to-text",[17,122891,47350],{}," convert numbers to text?",[14,122894,122895],{},"Yes. It can convert integers, floats, and other values into strings.",[1369,122897,94263,122899,122901],{"id":122898},"why-use-str-before-combining-text-and-numbers",[17,122900,47350],{}," before combining text and numbers?",[14,122903,122904],{},"Because Python does not let you directly concatenate a string with an integer or float.",[1369,122906,14549,122908,56875,122910,2359],{"id":122907},"is-str-the-same-as-print",[17,122909,47350],{},[17,122911,46118],{},[14,122913,46031,122914,122916,122917,122919],{},[17,122915,47350],{}," converts to text. ",[17,122918,46118],{}," shows output.",[141,122921,1771],{"id":1770},[30,122923,122924,122930,122936,122942,122948,122957,122961],{},[33,122925,122926],{},[192,122927,122928,1780],{"href":46115},[17,122929,46118],{},[33,122931,122932],{},[192,122933,122934,1780],{"href":2165},[17,122935,2168],{},[33,122937,122938],{},[192,122939,122940,1780],{"href":2743},[17,122941,2746],{},[33,122943,122944],{},[192,122945,122946,1780],{"href":2749},[17,122947,2752],{},[33,122949,122950],{},[192,122951,122953,122954,122956],{"href":122952},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-int-to-string-in-python\u002F","How to convert ",[17,122955,2056],{}," to string in Python",[33,122958,122959],{},[192,122960,90355],{"href":89364},[33,122962,122963],{},[192,122964,30002,122965],{"href":90077},[17,122966,90078],{},[1802,122968,122969],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":122971},[122972,122973,122975,122976,122982,122984,122986,122988,122997,122998,122999,123000,123012],{"id":1869,"depth":106,"text":1870},{"id":121390,"depth":106,"text":122974},"What str() does",{"id":2023,"depth":106,"text":2024},{"id":121557,"depth":106,"text":121558,"children":122977},[122978,122979,122980,122981],{"id":121561,"depth":300,"text":121562},{"id":121647,"depth":300,"text":121648},{"id":121734,"depth":300,"text":121735},{"id":121820,"depth":300,"text":121821},{"id":121936,"depth":106,"text":122983},"When to use str()",{"id":122067,"depth":106,"text":122985},"str() vs print()",{"id":122236,"depth":106,"text":122987},"str() vs repr() for beginners",{"id":1361,"depth":106,"text":1362,"children":122989},[122990,122992,122993,122995],{"id":122274,"depth":300,"text":122991},"Thinking str() changes the original variable",{"id":122409,"depth":300,"text":122410},{"id":122471,"depth":300,"text":122994},"Using str() too early",{"id":122529,"depth":300,"text":122996},"Expecting str(list_value) to create user-friendly formatting",{"id":17066,"depth":106,"text":17067},{"id":113398,"depth":106,"text":113399},{"id":122770,"depth":106,"text":122771},{"id":1650,"depth":106,"text":1651,"children":123001},[123002,123004,123006,123008,123010],{"id":122872,"depth":300,"text":123003},"What does str() return in Python?",{"id":122880,"depth":300,"text":123005},"Does str() change the original variable?",{"id":122889,"depth":300,"text":123007},"Can str() convert numbers to text?",{"id":122898,"depth":300,"text":123009},"Why use str() before combining text and numbers?",{"id":122907,"depth":300,"text":123011},"Is str() the same as print()?",{"id":1770,"depth":106,"text":1771},"Master python str function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained",{"title":41840,"description":123013},"reference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained","xSgxPTbh2LeZ2szCzgugEbmUMc6VSvYIjm9yYt9CY3Y",{"id":123020,"title":123021,"body":123022,"description":124475,"extension":1828,"meta":124476,"navigation":833,"path":124477,"seo":124478,"stem":124479,"__hash__":124480},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method.md","Python String count() Method",{"type":7,"value":123023,"toc":124437},[123024,123030,123036,123039,123061,123063,123125,123127,123140,123146,123151,123156,123158,123171,123182,123184,123211,123213,123230,123237,123248,123250,123255,123257,123269,123277,123286,123288,123291,123344,123346,123354,123362,123366,123371,123411,123413,123421,123424,123426,123466,123468,123476,123486,123492,123495,123568,123570,123583,123587,123592,123620,123623,123658,123660,123668,123671,123675,123679,123681,123697,123699,123739,123741,123749,123758,123801,123803,123811,123813,123817,123823,123826,123866,123868,123876,123881,123884,123927,123931,123934,123969,123974,123976,124015,124025,124033,124043,124051,124055,124060,124062,124103,124105,124113,124118,124121,124124,124142,124148,124152,124157,124160,124200,124202,124207,124306,124309,124325,124327,124346,124348,124355,124358,124364,124367,124373,124377,124383,124386,124392,124395,124397,124434],[10,123025,123027,123028,10962],{"id":123026},"python-string-count-method","Python String ",[17,123029,56960],{},[14,123031,123032,123033,123035],{},"The Python string ",[17,123034,56960],{}," method returns how many times a substring appears in a string.",[14,123037,123038],{},"This reference page explains:",[30,123040,123041,123045,123048,123050,123058],{},[33,123042,25672,123043,3543],{},[17,123044,56960],{},[33,123046,123047],{},"its syntax",[33,123049,35053],{},[33,123051,123052,123053,587,123055,123057],{},"how ",[17,123054,35732],{},[17,123056,52329],{}," work",[33,123059,123060],{},"common beginner mistakes",[141,123062,1870],{"id":1869},[60,123064,123066],{"className":62,"code":123065,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[17,123067,123068,123080,123102],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,123069,123070,123072,123074,123076,123078],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,123071,34345],{"class":75},[69,123073,80],{"class":79},[69,123075,964],{"class":94},[69,123077,967],{"class":336},[69,123079,3224],{"class":94},[69,123081,123082,123084,123086,123088,123090,123092,123094,123096,123098,123100],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,123083,110],{"class":109},[69,123085,113],{"class":83},[69,123087,34366],{"class":121},[69,123089,25],{"class":83},[69,123091,40923],{"class":121},[69,123093,113],{"class":83},[69,123095,333],{"class":94},[69,123097,192],{"class":336},[69,123099,333],{"class":94},[69,123101,342],{"class":83},[69,123103,123104,123106,123108,123110,123112,123114,123116,123118,123121,123123],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,123105,110],{"class":109},[69,123107,113],{"class":83},[69,123109,34366],{"class":121},[69,123111,25],{"class":83},[69,123113,40923],{"class":121},[69,123115,113],{"class":83},[69,123117,333],{"class":94},[69,123119,123120],{"class":336},"na",[69,123122,333],{"class":94},[69,123124,342],{"class":83},[14,123126,643],{},[60,123128,123130],{"className":62,"code":123129,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"3\n2\n",[17,123131,123132,123136],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,123133,123134],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,123135,46283],{"class":87},[69,123137,123138],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,123139,16704],{"class":87},[14,123141,132,123142,123145],{},[17,123143,123144],{},"string.count(value)"," to count how many times a substring appears in a string.",[141,123147,12640,123149,12643],{"id":123148},"what-the-count-method-does",[17,123150,56960],{},[14,123152,123153,123155],{},[17,123154,56960],{}," tells you how many times some text appears inside a string.",[14,123157,12696],{},[30,123159,123160,123163,123166,123168],{},[33,123161,123162],{},"It returns how many times a substring appears in a string",[33,123164,123165],{},"It works with single characters and longer strings",[33,123167,43323],{},[33,123169,123170],{},"It does not change the original string",[14,123172,123173,123174,123176,123177,2057,123179,123181],{},"For example, if you want to know how many ",[17,123175,17745],{}," characters are in ",[17,123178,64946],{},[17,123180,56960],{}," is a simple choice.",[141,123183,2024],{"id":2023},[60,123185,123187],{"className":62,"code":123186,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"string.count(value, start, end)\n",[17,123188,123189],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,123190,123191,123193,123195,123197,123199,123201,123203,123205,123207,123209],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,123192,60845],{"class":75},[69,123194,25],{"class":83},[69,123196,40923],{"class":121},[69,123198,113],{"class":83},[69,123200,2339],{"class":121},[69,123202,91],{"class":83},[69,123204,35711],{"class":121},[69,123206,91],{"class":83},[69,123208,64712],{"class":121},[69,123210,221],{"class":83},[1369,123212,17043],{"id":17042},[30,123214,123215,123220,123225],{},[33,123216,123217,123219],{},[17,123218,2339],{},": the text to search for",[33,123221,123222,123224],{},[17,123223,35732],{},": optional; where counting begins",[33,123226,123227,123229],{},[17,123228,52329],{},": optional; where counting stops",[14,123231,123232,587,123234,123236],{},[17,123233,35732],{},[17,123235,52329],{}," work like slice positions:",[30,123238,123239,123244],{},[33,123240,123241,123243],{},[17,123242,35732],{}," is included",[33,123245,123246,75413],{},[17,123247,52329],{},[141,123249,17067],{"id":17066},[14,123251,123252,123254],{},[17,123253,56960],{}," returns a whole number.",[14,123256,1992],{},[30,123258,123259,123264],{},[33,123260,123261,123262],{},"If the substring is found 3 times, it returns ",[17,123263,1929],{},[33,123265,123266,123267],{},"If the substring is not found, it returns ",[17,123268,88],{},[14,123270,40569,123271,4987,123273,54,123275,25],{},[22,123272,4457],{},[17,123274,53],{},[17,123276,57],{},[14,123278,123279,123280,123285],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, using the ",[192,123281,123283,101273],{"href":123282},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python\u002F",[17,123284,780],{}," is often a better fit.",[141,123287,11116],{"id":11115},[14,123289,123290],{},"Here is a short example that counts one character:",[60,123292,123294],{"className":62,"code":123293,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"apple\"\nresult = text.count(\"p\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,123295,123296,123308,123330,123334],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,123297,123298,123300,123302,123304,123306],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,123299,34345],{"class":75},[69,123301,80],{"class":79},[69,123303,964],{"class":94},[69,123305,952],{"class":336},[69,123307,3224],{"class":94},[69,123309,123310,123312,123314,123316,123318,123320,123322,123324,123326,123328],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,123311,839],{"class":75},[69,123313,80],{"class":79},[69,123315,42506],{"class":75},[69,123317,25],{"class":83},[69,123319,40923],{"class":121},[69,123321,113],{"class":83},[69,123323,333],{"class":94},[69,123325,14],{"class":336},[69,123327,333],{"class":94},[69,123329,221],{"class":83},[69,123331,123332],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,123333,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,123335,123336,123338,123340,123342],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,123337,110],{"class":109},[69,123339,113],{"class":83},[69,123341,876],{"class":121},[69,123343,221],{"class":83},[14,123345,643],{},[60,123347,123348],{"className":62,"code":16704,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,123349,123350],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,123351,123352],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,123353,16704],{"class":87},[14,123355,63491,123356,123359,123360,25],{},[17,123357,123358],{},"\"p\""," appears 2 times in ",[17,123361,57503],{},[141,123363,123365],{"id":123364},"counting-a-word-or-substring","Counting a word or substring",[14,123367,123368,123370],{},[17,123369,56960],{}," can search for more than one character. It can count full words or repeated patterns.",[60,123372,123374],{"className":62,"code":123373,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"cat dog cat bird cat\"\nprint(text.count(\"cat\"))\n",[17,123375,123376,123389],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,123377,123378,123380,123382,123384,123387],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,123379,34345],{"class":75},[69,123381,80],{"class":79},[69,123383,964],{"class":94},[69,123385,123386],{"class":336},"cat dog cat bird cat",[69,123388,3224],{"class":94},[69,123390,123391,123393,123395,123397,123399,123401,123403,123405,123407,123409],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,123392,110],{"class":109},[69,123394,113],{"class":83},[69,123396,34366],{"class":121},[69,123398,25],{"class":83},[69,123400,40923],{"class":121},[69,123402,113],{"class":83},[69,123404,333],{"class":94},[69,123406,36708],{"class":336},[69,123408,333],{"class":94},[69,123410,342],{"class":83},[14,123412,643],{},[60,123414,123415],{"className":62,"code":46283,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,123416,123417],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,123418,123419],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,123420,46283],{"class":87},[14,123422,123423],{},"It matches exact text only. That means spacing, punctuation, and letter case matter.",[14,123425,2076],{},[60,123427,123429],{"className":62,"code":123428,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"one One one\"\nprint(text.count(\"one\"))\n",[17,123430,123431,123444],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,123432,123433,123435,123437,123439,123442],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,123434,34345],{"class":75},[69,123436,80],{"class":79},[69,123438,964],{"class":94},[69,123440,123441],{"class":336},"one One one",[69,123443,3224],{"class":94},[69,123445,123446,123448,123450,123452,123454,123456,123458,123460,123462,123464],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,123447,110],{"class":109},[69,123449,113],{"class":83},[69,123451,34366],{"class":121},[69,123453,25],{"class":83},[69,123455,40923],{"class":121},[69,123457,113],{"class":83},[69,123459,333],{"class":94},[69,123461,1434],{"class":336},[69,123463,333],{"class":94},[69,123465,342],{"class":83},[14,123467,643],{},[60,123469,123470],{"className":62,"code":16704,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,123471,123472],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,123473,123474],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,123475,16704],{"class":87},[14,123477,123478,123479,123482,123483,123485],{},"The uppercase ",[17,123480,123481],{},"\"One\""," is not counted because ",[17,123484,56960],{}," is case-sensitive.",[141,123487,8050,123488,587,123490],{"id":65078},[17,123489,35732],{},[17,123491,52329],{},[14,123493,123494],{},"You can limit the search to only part of the string.",[60,123496,123498],{"className":62,"code":123497,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2))\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2, 5))\n",[17,123499,123500,123512,123538],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,123501,123502,123504,123506,123508,123510],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,123503,34345],{"class":75},[69,123505,80],{"class":79},[69,123507,964],{"class":94},[69,123509,967],{"class":336},[69,123511,3224],{"class":94},[69,123513,123514,123516,123518,123520,123522,123524,123526,123528,123530,123532,123534,123536],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,123515,110],{"class":109},[69,123517,113],{"class":83},[69,123519,34366],{"class":121},[69,123521,25],{"class":83},[69,123523,40923],{"class":121},[69,123525,113],{"class":83},[69,123527,333],{"class":94},[69,123529,192],{"class":336},[69,123531,333],{"class":94},[69,123533,91],{"class":83},[69,123535,316],{"class":87},[69,123537,342],{"class":83},[69,123539,123540,123542,123544,123546,123548,123550,123552,123554,123556,123558,123560,123562,123564,123566],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,123541,110],{"class":109},[69,123543,113],{"class":83},[69,123545,34366],{"class":121},[69,123547,25],{"class":83},[69,123549,40923],{"class":121},[69,123551,113],{"class":83},[69,123553,333],{"class":94},[69,123555,192],{"class":336},[69,123557,333],{"class":94},[69,123559,91],{"class":83},[69,123561,316],{"class":87},[69,123563,91],{"class":83},[69,123565,100],{"class":87},[69,123567,342],{"class":83},[14,123569,643],{},[60,123571,123573],{"className":62,"code":123572,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"2\n1\n",[17,123574,123575,123579],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,123576,123577],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,123578,16704],{"class":87},[69,123580,123581],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,123582,46583],{"class":87},[1369,123584,123586],{"id":123585},"how-this-works","How this works",[14,123588,123589,123590,1044],{},"In ",[17,123591,64946],{},[30,123593,123594,123602,123610],{},[33,123595,70637,123596,123598,123599],{},[17,123597,821],{}," starts at the first ",[17,123600,123601],{},"\"n\"",[33,123603,123604,123607,123608,75711],{},[17,123605,123606],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2)"," counts from index ",[17,123609,821],{},[33,123611,123612,123607,123615,123617,123618],{},[17,123613,123614],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2, 5)",[17,123616,821],{}," up to, but not including, index ",[17,123619,670],{},[14,123621,123622],{},"This is similar to slicing:",[60,123624,123626],{"className":62,"code":123625,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text[2:5])\n",[17,123627,123628,123640],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,123629,123630,123632,123634,123636,123638],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,123631,34345],{"class":75},[69,123633,80],{"class":79},[69,123635,964],{"class":94},[69,123637,967],{"class":336},[69,123639,3224],{"class":94},[69,123641,123642,123644,123646,123648,123650,123652,123654,123656],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,123643,110],{"class":109},[69,123645,113],{"class":83},[69,123647,34366],{"class":121},[69,123649,3739],{"class":83},[69,123651,821],{"class":87},[69,123653,1044],{"class":83},[69,123655,670],{"class":87},[69,123657,3727],{"class":83},[14,123659,643],{},[60,123661,123662],{"className":62,"code":41132,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,123663,123664],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,123665,123666],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,123667,41132],{"class":75},[14,123669,123670],{},"Only that section is searched.",[141,123672,123674],{"id":123673},"case-sensitivity","Case sensitivity",[14,123676,123677,123485],{},[17,123678,56960],{},[14,123680,1974],{},[30,123682,123683,123691],{},[33,123684,123685,587,123687,123690],{},[17,123686,17745],{},[17,123688,123689],{},"\"A\""," are different",[33,123692,123693,587,123695,123690],{},[17,123694,64206],{},[17,123696,90090],{},[14,123698,2076],{},[60,123700,123702],{"className":62,"code":123701,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.count(\"apple\"))\n",[17,123703,123704,123717],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,123705,123706,123708,123710,123712,123715],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,123707,34345],{"class":75},[69,123709,80],{"class":79},[69,123711,964],{"class":94},[69,123713,123714],{"class":336},"Apple apple APPLE",[69,123716,3224],{"class":94},[69,123718,123719,123721,123723,123725,123727,123729,123731,123733,123735,123737],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,123720,110],{"class":109},[69,123722,113],{"class":83},[69,123724,34366],{"class":121},[69,123726,25],{"class":83},[69,123728,40923],{"class":121},[69,123730,113],{"class":83},[69,123732,333],{"class":94},[69,123734,952],{"class":336},[69,123736,333],{"class":94},[69,123738,342],{"class":83},[14,123740,643],{},[60,123742,123743],{"className":62,"code":46583,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,123744,123745],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,123746,123747],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,123748,46583],{"class":87},[14,123750,123751,123752,1044],{},"If you want case-insensitive counting, convert the string first with ",[192,123753,123755],{"href":123754},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method\u002F",[17,123756,123757],{},"lower()",[60,123759,123761],{"className":62,"code":123760,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"apple\"))\n",[17,123762,123763,123775],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,123764,123765,123767,123769,123771,123773],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,123766,34345],{"class":75},[69,123768,80],{"class":79},[69,123770,964],{"class":94},[69,123772,123714],{"class":336},[69,123774,3224],{"class":94},[69,123776,123777,123779,123781,123783,123785,123787,123789,123791,123793,123795,123797,123799],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,123778,110],{"class":109},[69,123780,113],{"class":83},[69,123782,34366],{"class":121},[69,123784,25],{"class":83},[69,123786,8274],{"class":121},[69,123788,8271],{"class":83},[69,123790,40923],{"class":121},[69,123792,113],{"class":83},[69,123794,333],{"class":94},[69,123796,952],{"class":336},[69,123798,333],{"class":94},[69,123800,342],{"class":83},[14,123802,643],{},[60,123804,123805],{"className":62,"code":46283,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,123806,123807],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,123808,123809],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,123810,46283],{"class":87},[141,123812,2698],{"id":2697},[14,123814,22746,123815,25],{},[17,123816,56960],{},[1369,123818,8086,123820,123822],{"id":123819},"expecting-count-to-ignore-case-automatically",[17,123821,56960],{}," to ignore case automatically",[14,123824,123825],{},"This will not count uppercase and lowercase as the same:",[60,123827,123829],{"className":62,"code":123828,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[17,123830,123831,123844],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,123832,123833,123835,123837,123839,123842],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,123834,34345],{"class":75},[69,123836,80],{"class":79},[69,123838,964],{"class":94},[69,123840,123841],{"class":336},"Aardvark",[69,123843,3224],{"class":94},[69,123845,123846,123848,123850,123852,123854,123856,123858,123860,123862,123864],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,123847,110],{"class":109},[69,123849,113],{"class":83},[69,123851,34366],{"class":121},[69,123853,25],{"class":83},[69,123855,40923],{"class":121},[69,123857,113],{"class":83},[69,123859,333],{"class":94},[69,123861,192],{"class":336},[69,123863,333],{"class":94},[69,123865,342],{"class":83},[14,123867,643],{},[60,123869,123870],{"className":62,"code":16704,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,123871,123872],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,123873,123874],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,123875,16704],{"class":87},[14,123877,123478,123878,123880],{},[17,123879,123689],{}," at the start is not counted.",[14,123882,123883],{},"If needed, convert first:",[60,123885,123887],{"className":62,"code":123886,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\n",[17,123888,123889,123901],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,123890,123891,123893,123895,123897,123899],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,123892,34345],{"class":75},[69,123894,80],{"class":79},[69,123896,964],{"class":94},[69,123898,123841],{"class":336},[69,123900,3224],{"class":94},[69,123902,123903,123905,123907,123909,123911,123913,123915,123917,123919,123921,123923,123925],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,123904,110],{"class":109},[69,123906,113],{"class":83},[69,123908,34366],{"class":121},[69,123910,25],{"class":83},[69,123912,8274],{"class":121},[69,123914,8271],{"class":83},[69,123916,40923],{"class":121},[69,123918,113],{"class":83},[69,123920,333],{"class":94},[69,123922,192],{"class":336},[69,123924,333],{"class":94},[69,123926,342],{"class":83},[1369,123928,123930],{"id":123929},"forgetting-quotes-around-the-substring","Forgetting quotes around the substring",[14,123932,123933],{},"This causes an error if the variable does not exist:",[60,123935,123937],{"className":62,"code":123936,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(a))\n",[17,123938,123939,123951],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,123940,123941,123943,123945,123947,123949],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,123942,34345],{"class":75},[69,123944,80],{"class":79},[69,123946,964],{"class":94},[69,123948,967],{"class":336},[69,123950,3224],{"class":94},[69,123952,123953,123955,123957,123959,123961,123963,123965,123967],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,123954,110],{"class":109},[69,123956,113],{"class":83},[69,123958,34366],{"class":121},[69,123960,25],{"class":83},[69,123962,40923],{"class":121},[69,123964,113],{"class":83},[69,123966,192],{"class":121},[69,123968,342],{"class":83},[14,123970,123971,123972,25],{},"Python tries to find a variable named ",[17,123973,192],{},[14,123975,10446],{},[60,123977,123979],{"className":62,"code":123978,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[17,123980,123981,123993],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,123982,123983,123985,123987,123989,123991],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,123984,34345],{"class":75},[69,123986,80],{"class":79},[69,123988,964],{"class":94},[69,123990,967],{"class":336},[69,123992,3224],{"class":94},[69,123994,123995,123997,123999,124001,124003,124005,124007,124009,124011,124013],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,123996,110],{"class":109},[69,123998,113],{"class":83},[69,124000,34366],{"class":121},[69,124002,25],{"class":83},[69,124004,40923],{"class":121},[69,124006,113],{"class":83},[69,124008,333],{"class":94},[69,124010,192],{"class":336},[69,124012,333],{"class":94},[69,124014,342],{"class":83},[1369,124016,36865,124018,8339,124020,54,124023],{"id":124017},"confusing-count-with-find-or-index",[17,124019,56960],{},[17,124021,124022],{},"find()",[17,124024,58638],{},[14,124026,132,124027,124029,124030,25],{},[17,124028,56960],{}," when you need the ",[22,124031,124032],{},"number of matches",[14,124034,132,124035,124029,124040,124042],{},[192,124036,124038],{"href":124037},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method\u002F",[17,124039,124022],{},[22,124041,64618],{}," of the first match.",[14,124044,132,124045,124050],{},[192,124046,124048],{"href":124047},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method\u002F",[17,124049,58638],{}," when you also need the position, but want an error if the text is not found.",[1369,124052,124054],{"id":124053},"assuming-it-counts-overlapping-matches","Assuming it counts overlapping matches",[14,124056,124057,124059],{},[17,124058,56960],{}," counts non-overlapping matches only.",[14,124061,2076],{},[60,124063,124065],{"className":62,"code":124064,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"aaaa\"\nprint(text.count(\"aa\"))\n",[17,124066,124067,124080],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,124068,124069,124071,124073,124075,124078],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,124070,34345],{"class":75},[69,124072,80],{"class":79},[69,124074,964],{"class":94},[69,124076,124077],{"class":336},"aaaa",[69,124079,3224],{"class":94},[69,124081,124082,124084,124086,124088,124090,124092,124094,124096,124099,124101],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,124083,110],{"class":109},[69,124085,113],{"class":83},[69,124087,34366],{"class":121},[69,124089,25],{"class":83},[69,124091,40923],{"class":121},[69,124093,113],{"class":83},[69,124095,333],{"class":94},[69,124097,124098],{"class":336},"aa",[69,124100,333],{"class":94},[69,124102,342],{"class":83},[14,124104,643],{},[60,124106,124107],{"className":62,"code":16704,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,124108,124109],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,124110,124111],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,124112,16704],{"class":87},[14,124114,124115,124116,25],{},"It does not return ",[17,124117,1929],{},[14,124119,124120],{},"Why not?",[14,124122,124123],{},"Because Python counts these matches:",[30,124125,124126,124135],{},[33,124127,124128,124131,124132],{},[17,124129,124130],{},"\"aa\""," at positions ",[17,124133,124134],{},"0-1",[33,124136,124137,124131,124139],{},[17,124138,124130],{},[17,124140,124141],{},"2-3",[14,124143,124144,124145,25],{},"It does not count overlapping matches like positions ",[17,124146,124147],{},"1-2",[141,124149,4788,124150],{"id":58043},[17,124151,56960],{},[14,124153,132,124154,124156],{},[17,124155,56960],{}," when you need the number of matches in a string.",[14,124158,124159],{},"Choose the right tool for the job:",[30,124161,124162,124171,124181,124191],{},[33,124163,132,124164,124166,124167,124170],{},[17,124165,56960],{}," when you need ",[22,124168,124169],{},"how many times"," something appears",[33,124172,132,124173,124166,124177,124180],{},[192,124174,124175],{"href":124037},[17,124176,124022],{},[22,124178,124179],{},"where"," it appears",[33,124182,47477,124183,124187,124188],{},[192,124184,124185,101273],{"href":123282},[17,124186,780],{}," when you only need to know ",[22,124189,124190],{},"if it exists",[33,124192,132,124193,124199],{},[192,124194,124196],{"href":124195},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-replace-text-in-a-string-in-python\u002F",[17,124197,124198],{},"replace()"," when you want to change matching text",[141,124201,25595],{"id":25594},[14,124203,8510,124204,124206],{},[17,124205,56960],{}," is not giving the result you expect, check these things:",[60,124208,124210],{"className":62,"code":124209,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[17,124211,124212,124222,124236,124258,124284],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,124213,124214,124216,124218,124220],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,124215,110],{"class":109},[69,124217,113],{"class":83},[69,124219,34366],{"class":121},[69,124221,221],{"class":83},[69,124223,124224,124226,124228,124230,124232,124234],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,124225,110],{"class":109},[69,124227,113],{"class":83},[69,124229,3087],{"class":1126},[69,124231,113],{"class":83},[69,124233,34366],{"class":121},[69,124235,342],{"class":83},[69,124237,124238,124240,124242,124244,124246,124248,124250,124252,124254,124256],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,124239,110],{"class":109},[69,124241,113],{"class":83},[69,124243,34366],{"class":121},[69,124245,25],{"class":83},[69,124247,40923],{"class":121},[69,124249,113],{"class":83},[69,124251,333],{"class":94},[69,124253,192],{"class":336},[69,124255,333],{"class":94},[69,124257,342],{"class":83},[69,124259,124260,124262,124264,124266,124268,124270,124272,124274,124276,124278,124280,124282],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,124261,110],{"class":109},[69,124263,113],{"class":83},[69,124265,34366],{"class":121},[69,124267,25],{"class":83},[69,124269,8274],{"class":121},[69,124271,8271],{"class":83},[69,124273,40923],{"class":121},[69,124275,113],{"class":83},[69,124277,333],{"class":94},[69,124279,192],{"class":336},[69,124281,333],{"class":94},[69,124283,342],{"class":83},[69,124285,124286,124288,124290,124292,124294,124296,124298,124300,124302,124304],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,124287,110],{"class":109},[69,124289,113],{"class":83},[69,124291,34366],{"class":121},[69,124293,25],{"class":83},[69,124295,40923],{"class":121},[69,124297,113],{"class":83},[69,124299,333],{"class":94},[69,124301,123120],{"class":336},[69,124303,333],{"class":94},[69,124305,342],{"class":83},[14,124307,124308],{},"These checks can help you find problems such as:",[30,124310,124311,124314,124319,124322],{},[33,124312,124313],{},"the string using different uppercase and lowercase letters",[33,124315,124316,124318],{},[17,124317,34366],{}," not being a string",[33,124320,124321],{},"counting the wrong substring",[33,124323,124324],{},"expecting overlapping matches",[14,124326,58532],{},[30,124328,124329,124332,124335,124338],{},[33,124330,124331],{},"trying to count text with different letter case",[33,124333,124334],{},"passing a variable name that was not defined",[33,124336,124337],{},"expecting overlapping matches to be counted",[33,124339,50159,124340,44295,124342,54,124344,72983],{},[17,124341,56960],{},[17,124343,124022],{},[17,124345,780],{},[141,124347,1651],{"id":1650},[1369,124349,124351,124352,124354],{"id":124350},"does-string-count-change-the-original-string","Does string ",[17,124353,56960],{}," change the original string?",[14,124356,124357],{},"No. It only returns a number. The original string stays the same.",[1369,124359,14549,124361,124363],{"id":124360},"is-count-case-sensitive",[17,124362,56960],{}," case-sensitive?",[14,124365,124366],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are counted separately.",[1369,124368,4969,124370,124372],{"id":124369},"what-does-count-return-if-nothing-is-found",[17,124371,56960],{}," return if nothing is found?",[14,124374,1658,124375,25],{},[17,124376,88],{},[1369,124378,4996,124380,124382],{"id":124379},"can-count-count-words-instead-of-letters",[17,124381,56960],{}," count words instead of letters?",[14,124384,124385],{},"Yes. It can count any substring, including full words.",[1369,124387,12347,124389,124391],{"id":124388},"does-count-count-overlapping-matches",[17,124390,56960],{}," count overlapping matches?",[14,124393,124394],{},"No. It counts non-overlapping matches only.",[141,124396,1771],{"id":1770},[30,124398,124399,124406,124413,124420,124427],{},[33,124400,124401],{},[192,124402,124403],{"href":124037},[17,124404,124405],{},"Python string find() method",[33,124407,124408],{},[192,124409,124410],{"href":124047},[17,124411,124412],{},"Python string index() method",[33,124414,124415],{},[192,124416,124417],{"href":123754},[17,124418,124419],{},"Python string lower() method",[33,124421,124422],{},[192,124423,124424],{"href":123282},[17,124425,124426],{},"How to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[33,124428,124429],{},[192,124430,124431],{"href":124195},[17,124432,124433],{},"How to replace text in a string in Python",[1802,124435,124436],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":124438},[124439,124440,124442,124445,124446,124447,124448,124451,124452,124460,124461,124462,124474],{"id":1869,"depth":106,"text":1870},{"id":123148,"depth":106,"text":124441},"What the count() method does",{"id":2023,"depth":106,"text":2024,"children":124443},[124444],{"id":17042,"depth":300,"text":17043},{"id":17066,"depth":106,"text":17067},{"id":11115,"depth":106,"text":11116},{"id":123364,"depth":106,"text":123365},{"id":65078,"depth":106,"text":65861,"children":124449},[124450],{"id":123585,"depth":300,"text":123586},{"id":123673,"depth":106,"text":123674},{"id":2697,"depth":106,"text":2698,"children":124453},[124454,124456,124457,124459],{"id":123819,"depth":300,"text":124455},"Expecting count() to ignore case automatically",{"id":123929,"depth":300,"text":123930},{"id":124017,"depth":300,"text":124458},"Confusing count() with find() or index()",{"id":124053,"depth":300,"text":124054},{"id":58043,"depth":106,"text":58674},{"id":25594,"depth":106,"text":25595},{"id":1650,"depth":106,"text":1651,"children":124463},[124464,124466,124468,124470,124472],{"id":124350,"depth":300,"text":124465},"Does string count() change the original string?",{"id":124360,"depth":300,"text":124467},"Is count() case-sensitive?",{"id":124369,"depth":300,"text":124469},"What does count() return if nothing is found?",{"id":124379,"depth":300,"text":124471},"Can count() count words instead of letters?",{"id":124388,"depth":300,"text":124473},"Does count() count overlapping matches?",{"id":1770,"depth":106,"text":1771},"Master python string count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method",{"title":123021,"description":124475},"reference\u002Fpython-string-count-method","xCR9DWe-YanJ6UFYPr-2k6HicXjYCslaXeN-KYxccGE",{"id":124482,"title":124483,"body":124484,"description":126069,"extension":1828,"meta":126070,"navigation":833,"path":126071,"seo":126072,"stem":126073,"__hash__":126074},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string.md","Python String: Creating a String",{"type":7,"value":124485,"toc":126042},[124486,124489,124492,124589,124598,124600,124619,124623,124626,124629,124642,124645,124674,124679,124684,124742,124744,124777,124783,124787,124790,124793,124822,124825,124852,124855,124858,124862,124865,124872,124935,124937,124955,124958,124962,124965,124968,125010,125013,125057,125060,125063,125067,125072,125075,125118,125120,125143,125146,125179,125182,125231,125241,125245,125248,125251,125280,125283,125294,125296,125355,125358,125362,125365,125368,125383,125392,125395,125429,125432,125459,125462,125469,125471,125474,125476,125479,125493,125502,125504,125531,125535,125538,125552,125555,125614,125618,125621,125648,125651,125678,125686,125689,125749,125751,125784,125788,125791,125810,125815,125864,125869,125871,125874,125933,125951,125953,125957,125965,125969,125972,125976,125982,125986,125996,126000,126003,126005,126039],[10,124487,124483],{"id":124488},"python-string-creating-a-string",[14,124490,124491],{},"Learn the basic ways to create strings in Python. This page focuses only on making string values, not changing or processing them.",[60,124493,124495],{"className":62,"code":124494,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"name = \"Alice\"\nmessage = 'Hello'\nempty = \"\"\ntext = str(123)\n\nprint(name)\nprint(message)\nprint(empty)\nprint(text)\n",[17,124496,124497,124509,124521,124530,124544,124548,124558,124568,124579],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,124498,124499,124501,124503,124505,124507],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,124500,7507],{"class":75},[69,124502,80],{"class":79},[69,124504,964],{"class":94},[69,124506,4831],{"class":336},[69,124508,3224],{"class":94},[69,124510,124511,124513,124515,124517,124519],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,124512,89679],{"class":75},[69,124514,80],{"class":79},[69,124516,3161],{"class":94},[69,124518,34525],{"class":336},[69,124520,29354],{"class":94},[69,124522,124523,124526,124528],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,124524,124525],{"class":75},"empty ",[69,124527,80],{"class":79},[69,124529,7512],{"class":94},[69,124531,124532,124534,124536,124538,124540,124542],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,124533,34345],{"class":75},[69,124535,80],{"class":79},[69,124537,48571],{"class":1126},[69,124539,113],{"class":83},[69,124541,49913],{"class":87},[69,124543,221],{"class":83},[69,124545,124546],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,124547,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,124549,124550,124552,124554,124556],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,124551,110],{"class":109},[69,124553,113],{"class":83},[69,124555,7297],{"class":121},[69,124557,221],{"class":83},[69,124559,124560,124562,124564,124566],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,124561,110],{"class":109},[69,124563,113],{"class":83},[69,124565,89696],{"class":121},[69,124567,221],{"class":83},[69,124569,124570,124572,124574,124577],{"class":71,"line":1269},[69,124571,110],{"class":109},[69,124573,113],{"class":83},[69,124575,124576],{"class":121},"empty",[69,124578,221],{"class":83},[69,124580,124581,124583,124585,124587],{"class":71,"line":1275},[69,124582,110],{"class":109},[69,124584,113],{"class":83},[69,124586,34366],{"class":121},[69,124588,221],{"class":83},[14,124590,124591,124594,124595,124597],{},[22,124592,124593],{},"Note:"," Use single quotes, double quotes, or ",[17,124596,47350],{}," to create a string. Triple quotes are useful for multi-line text.",[141,124599,14809],{"id":14808},[30,124601,124602,124605,124608,124611,124616],{},[33,124603,124604],{},"What a string is in Python",[33,124606,124607],{},"How to create a string with quotes",[33,124609,124610],{},"How to create an empty string",[33,124612,124613,124614],{},"How to convert other values to strings with ",[17,124615,47350],{},[33,124617,124618],{},"When to use single, double, or triple quotes",[141,124620,124622],{"id":124621},"what-a-string-is","What a string is",[14,124624,124625],{},"A string is text data in Python.",[14,124627,124628],{},"Strings can contain:",[30,124630,124631,124634,124636,124639],{},[33,124632,124633],{},"Letters",[33,124635,56131],{},[33,124637,124638],{},"Spaces",[33,124640,124641],{},"Symbols",[14,124643,124644],{},"Examples of strings:",[60,124646,124648],{"className":62,"code":124647,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"\"hello\"\n\"123\"\n\"Python is fun\"\n",[17,124649,124650,124658,124666],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,124651,124652,124654,124656],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,124653,333],{"class":42993},[69,124655,337],{"class":42997},[69,124657,3224],{"class":42993},[69,124659,124660,124662,124664],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,124661,333],{"class":42993},[69,124663,49913],{"class":42997},[69,124665,3224],{"class":42993},[69,124667,124668,124670,124672],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,124669,333],{"class":42993},[69,124671,88821],{"class":42997},[69,124673,3224],{"class":42993},[14,124675,20628,124676,124678],{},[17,124677,49963],{}," looks like a number, it is a string because it is inside quotes.",[14,124680,124681,124682,1044],{},"You can check the type with ",[17,124683,2168],{},[60,124685,124687],{"className":62,"code":124686,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = 123\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[17,124688,124689,124701,124710,124714,124728],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,124690,124691,124693,124695,124697,124699],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,124692,34345],{"class":75},[69,124694,80],{"class":79},[69,124696,964],{"class":94},[69,124698,49913],{"class":336},[69,124700,3224],{"class":94},[69,124702,124703,124705,124707],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,124704,1334],{"class":75},[69,124706,80],{"class":79},[69,124708,124709],{"class":87}," 123\n",[69,124711,124712],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,124713,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,124715,124716,124718,124720,124722,124724,124726],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,124717,110],{"class":109},[69,124719,113],{"class":83},[69,124721,3087],{"class":1126},[69,124723,113],{"class":83},[69,124725,34366],{"class":121},[69,124727,342],{"class":83},[69,124729,124730,124732,124734,124736,124738,124740],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,124731,110],{"class":109},[69,124733,113],{"class":83},[69,124735,3087],{"class":1126},[69,124737,113],{"class":83},[69,124739,2106],{"class":121},[69,124741,342],{"class":83},[14,124743,643],{},[60,124745,124747],{"className":62,"code":124746,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[17,124748,124749,124763],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,124750,124751,124753,124755,124757,124759,124761],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,124752,852],{"class":79},[69,124754,3158],{"class":1932},[69,124756,3161],{"class":94},[69,124758,3309],{"class":336},[69,124760,488],{"class":94},[69,124762,3168],{"class":79},[69,124764,124765,124767,124769,124771,124773,124775],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,124766,852],{"class":79},[69,124768,3158],{"class":1932},[69,124770,3161],{"class":94},[69,124772,2056],{"class":336},[69,124774,488],{"class":94},[69,124776,3168],{"class":79},[14,124778,124779,124780,25],{},"If you are new to strings, see ",[192,124781,124782],{"href":50643},"Python strings explained: basics and examples",[141,124784,124786],{"id":124785},"create-a-string-with-quotes","Create a string with quotes",[14,124788,124789],{},"The most common way to create a string is to put text inside quotes.",[14,124791,124792],{},"You can use single quotes:",[60,124794,124796],{"className":62,"code":124795,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"greeting = 'hello'\nprint(greeting)\n",[17,124797,124798,124811],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,124799,124800,124803,124805,124807,124809],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,124801,124802],{"class":75},"greeting ",[69,124804,80],{"class":79},[69,124806,3161],{"class":94},[69,124808,337],{"class":336},[69,124810,29354],{"class":94},[69,124812,124813,124815,124817,124820],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,124814,110],{"class":109},[69,124816,113],{"class":83},[69,124818,124819],{"class":121},"greeting",[69,124821,221],{"class":83},[14,124823,124824],{},"Or double quotes:",[60,124826,124828],{"className":62,"code":124827,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"greeting = \"hello\"\nprint(greeting)\n",[17,124829,124830,124842],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,124831,124832,124834,124836,124838,124840],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,124833,124802],{"class":75},[69,124835,80],{"class":79},[69,124837,964],{"class":94},[69,124839,337],{"class":336},[69,124841,3224],{"class":94},[69,124843,124844,124846,124848,124850],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,124845,110],{"class":109},[69,124847,113],{"class":83},[69,124849,124819],{"class":121},[69,124851,221],{"class":83},[14,124853,124854],{},"Both create a string. In most cases, there is no difference.",[14,124856,124857],{},"Choose the style that makes your text easier to write.",[141,124859,124861],{"id":124860},"create-an-empty-string","Create an empty string",[14,124863,124864],{},"An empty string is a string with no characters in it.",[14,124866,124867,124868,54,124870,1044],{},"Use either ",[17,124869,1111],{},[17,124871,429],{},[60,124873,124875],{"className":62,"code":124874,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"empty1 = \"\"\nempty2 = ''\n\nprint(empty1)\nprint(empty2)\nprint(type(empty1))\n",[17,124876,124877,124886,124895,124899,124910,124921],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,124878,124879,124882,124884],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,124880,124881],{"class":75},"empty1 ",[69,124883,80],{"class":79},[69,124885,7512],{"class":94},[69,124887,124888,124891,124893],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,124889,124890],{"class":75},"empty2 ",[69,124892,80],{"class":79},[69,124894,47162],{"class":94},[69,124896,124897],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,124898,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,124900,124901,124903,124905,124908],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,124902,110],{"class":109},[69,124904,113],{"class":83},[69,124906,124907],{"class":121},"empty1",[69,124909,221],{"class":83},[69,124911,124912,124914,124916,124919],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,124913,110],{"class":109},[69,124915,113],{"class":83},[69,124917,124918],{"class":121},"empty2",[69,124920,221],{"class":83},[69,124922,124923,124925,124927,124929,124931,124933],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,124924,110],{"class":109},[69,124926,113],{"class":83},[69,124928,3087],{"class":1126},[69,124930,113],{"class":83},[69,124932,124907],{"class":121},[69,124934,342],{"class":83},[14,124936,643],{},[60,124938,124939],{"className":62,"code":45436,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,124940,124941],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,124942,124943,124945,124947,124949,124951,124953],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,124944,852],{"class":79},[69,124946,3158],{"class":1932},[69,124948,3161],{"class":94},[69,124950,3309],{"class":336},[69,124952,488],{"class":94},[69,124954,3168],{"class":79},[14,124956,124957],{},"An empty string is often used as a starting value before adding text later.",[141,124959,124961],{"id":124960},"create-a-multi-line-string","Create a multi-line string",[14,124963,124964],{},"Use triple quotes when you want text to span more than one line.",[14,124966,124967],{},"You can use triple double quotes:",[60,124969,124971],{"className":62,"code":124970,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"message = \"\"\"Hello\nWelcome to Python\nHave a nice day\"\"\"\n\nprint(message)\n",[17,124972,124973,124984,124989,124996,125000],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,124974,124975,124977,124979,124982],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,124976,89679],{"class":75},[69,124978,80],{"class":79},[69,124980,124981],{"class":94}," \"\"\"",[69,124983,88621],{"class":336},[69,124985,124986],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,124987,124988],{"class":336},"Welcome to Python\n",[69,124990,124991,124994],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,124992,124993],{"class":336},"Have a nice day",[69,124995,43001],{"class":94},[69,124997,124998],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,124999,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,125001,125002,125004,125006,125008],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,125003,110],{"class":109},[69,125005,113],{"class":83},[69,125007,89696],{"class":121},[69,125009,221],{"class":83},[14,125011,125012],{},"Or triple single quotes:",[60,125014,125016],{"className":62,"code":125015,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"message = '''Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3'''\n\nprint(message)\n",[17,125017,125018,125030,125035,125043,125047],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,125019,125020,125022,125024,125027],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,125021,89679],{"class":75},[69,125023,80],{"class":79},[69,125025,125026],{"class":94}," '''",[69,125028,125029],{"class":336},"Line 1\n",[69,125031,125032],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,125033,125034],{"class":336},"Line 2\n",[69,125036,125037,125040],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,125038,125039],{"class":336},"Line 3",[69,125041,125042],{"class":94},"'''\n",[69,125044,125045],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,125046,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,125048,125049,125051,125053,125055],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,125050,110],{"class":109},[69,125052,113],{"class":83},[69,125054,89696],{"class":121},[69,125056,221],{"class":83},[14,125058,125059],{},"Python keeps the line breaks inside the string.",[14,125061,125062],{},"Use triple quotes when you really need multiple lines. For normal one-line text, single or double quotes are usually clearer.",[141,125064,125066],{"id":125065},"convert-values-to-strings-with-str","Convert values to strings with str()",[14,125068,1845,125069,125071],{},[17,125070,47350],{}," function converts other values into strings.",[14,125073,125074],{},"Example with a number:",[60,125076,125078],{"className":62,"code":125077,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = str(42)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[17,125079,125080,125094,125104],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,125081,125082,125084,125086,125088,125090,125092],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,125083,34345],{"class":75},[69,125085,80],{"class":79},[69,125087,48571],{"class":1126},[69,125089,113],{"class":83},[69,125091,46192],{"class":87},[69,125093,221],{"class":83},[69,125095,125096,125098,125100,125102],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,125097,110],{"class":109},[69,125099,113],{"class":83},[69,125101,34366],{"class":121},[69,125103,221],{"class":83},[69,125105,125106,125108,125110,125112,125114,125116],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,125107,110],{"class":109},[69,125109,113],{"class":83},[69,125111,3087],{"class":1126},[69,125113,113],{"class":83},[69,125115,34366],{"class":121},[69,125117,342],{"class":83},[14,125119,643],{},[60,125121,125123],{"className":62,"code":125122,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[17,125124,125125,125129],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,125126,125127],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,125128,46278],{"class":87},[69,125130,125131,125133,125135,125137,125139,125141],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,125132,852],{"class":79},[69,125134,3158],{"class":1932},[69,125136,3161],{"class":94},[69,125138,3309],{"class":336},[69,125140,488],{"class":94},[69,125142,3168],{"class":79},[14,125144,125145],{},"You can also convert other values:",[60,125147,125149],{"className":62,"code":125148,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(str(True))\nprint(str(3.14))\n",[17,125150,125151,125165],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,125152,125153,125155,125157,125159,125161,125163],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,125154,110],{"class":109},[69,125156,113],{"class":83},[69,125158,3309],{"class":1126},[69,125160,113],{"class":83},[69,125162,53],{"class":289},[69,125164,342],{"class":83},[69,125166,125167,125169,125171,125173,125175,125177],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,125168,110],{"class":109},[69,125170,113],{"class":83},[69,125172,3309],{"class":1126},[69,125174,113],{"class":83},[69,125176,39806],{"class":87},[69,125178,342],{"class":83},[14,125180,125181],{},"This is useful when you need to combine text with other data.",[60,125183,125185],{"className":62,"code":125184,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"age = 25\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[17,125186,125187,125195,125217,125221],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,125188,125189,125191,125193],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,125190,21279],{"class":75},[69,125192,80],{"class":79},[69,125194,44891],{"class":87},[69,125196,125197,125199,125201,125203,125205,125207,125209,125211,125213,125215],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,125198,89679],{"class":75},[69,125200,80],{"class":79},[69,125202,964],{"class":94},[69,125204,89097],{"class":336},[69,125206,333],{"class":94},[69,125208,2320],{"class":79},[69,125210,48571],{"class":1126},[69,125212,113],{"class":83},[69,125214,8935],{"class":121},[69,125216,221],{"class":83},[69,125218,125219],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,125220,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,125222,125223,125225,125227,125229],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,125224,110],{"class":109},[69,125226,113],{"class":83},[69,125228,89696],{"class":121},[69,125230,221],{"class":83},[14,125232,125233,125234,54,125238,25],{},"If you want to learn this function in more detail, see ",[192,125235,3441,125236,1780],{"href":41839},[17,125237,47350],{},[192,125239,125240],{"href":122952},"how to convert int to string in Python",[141,125242,125244],{"id":125243},"single-quotes-vs-double-quotes","Single quotes vs double quotes",[14,125246,125247],{},"There is no major difference between single quotes and double quotes for normal strings.",[14,125249,125250],{},"Both of these are valid:",[60,125252,125254],{"className":62,"code":125253,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = 'Python'\nb = \"Python\"\n",[17,125255,125256,125268],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,125257,125258,125260,125262,125264,125266],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,125259,2421],{"class":75},[69,125261,80],{"class":79},[69,125263,3161],{"class":94},[69,125265,6925],{"class":336},[69,125267,29354],{"class":94},[69,125269,125270,125272,125274,125276,125278],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,125271,2449],{"class":75},[69,125273,80],{"class":79},[69,125275,964],{"class":94},[69,125277,6925],{"class":336},[69,125279,3224],{"class":94},[14,125281,125282],{},"A common rule is:",[30,125284,125285,125288,125291],{},[33,125286,125287],{},"Use double quotes if the text contains a single quote",[33,125289,125290],{},"Use single quotes if the text contains double quotes",[33,125292,125293],{},"Pick one style and stay consistent",[14,125295,2076],{},[60,125297,125299],{"className":62,"code":125298,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text1 = \"It's working\"\ntext2 = 'She said \"hello\"'\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[17,125300,125301,125315,125329,125333,125344],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,125302,125303,125306,125308,125310,125313],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,125304,125305],{"class":75},"text1 ",[69,125307,80],{"class":79},[69,125309,964],{"class":94},[69,125311,125312],{"class":336},"It's working",[69,125314,3224],{"class":94},[69,125316,125317,125320,125322,125324,125327],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,125318,125319],{"class":75},"text2 ",[69,125321,80],{"class":79},[69,125323,3161],{"class":94},[69,125325,125326],{"class":336},"She said \"hello\"",[69,125328,29354],{"class":94},[69,125330,125331],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,125332,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,125334,125335,125337,125339,125342],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,125336,110],{"class":109},[69,125338,113],{"class":83},[69,125340,125341],{"class":121},"text1",[69,125343,221],{"class":83},[69,125345,125346,125348,125350,125353],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,125347,110],{"class":109},[69,125349,113],{"class":83},[69,125351,125352],{"class":121},"text2",[69,125354,221],{"class":83},[14,125356,125357],{},"This helps you avoid unnecessary escaping.",[141,125359,125361],{"id":125360},"escaping-quote-characters","Escaping quote characters",[14,125363,125364],{},"A quote character can end a string too early if it matches the quote used to start the string.",[14,125366,125367],{},"For example, this causes a problem:",[60,125369,125371],{"className":62,"code":125370,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's working'\n",[17,125372,125373,125378],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,125374,125375],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,125376,125377],{"class":128},"# This will cause an error\n",[69,125379,125380],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,125381,125382],{"class":128},"# text = 'It's working'\n",[14,125384,125385,125386,34988,125388,125391],{},"Python sees the second ",[17,125387,488],{},[17,125389,125390],{},"It's"," as the end of the string.",[14,125393,125394],{},"To fix this, use a backslash:",[60,125396,125398],{"className":62,"code":125397,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = 'It\\'s working'\nprint(text)\n",[17,125399,125400,125419],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,125401,125402,125404,125406,125408,125411,125414,125417],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,125403,34345],{"class":75},[69,125405,80],{"class":79},[69,125407,3161],{"class":94},[69,125409,125410],{"class":336},"It",[69,125412,125413],{"class":34110},"\\'",[69,125415,125416],{"class":336},"s working",[69,125418,29354],{"class":94},[69,125420,125421,125423,125425,125427],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,125422,110],{"class":109},[69,125424,113],{"class":83},[69,125426,34366],{"class":121},[69,125428,221],{"class":83},[14,125430,125431],{},"You can also switch quote styles:",[60,125433,125435],{"className":62,"code":125434,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"It's working\"\nprint(text)\n",[17,125436,125437,125449],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,125438,125439,125441,125443,125445,125447],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,125440,34345],{"class":75},[69,125442,80],{"class":79},[69,125444,964],{"class":94},[69,125446,125312],{"class":336},[69,125448,3224],{"class":94},[69,125450,125451,125453,125455,125457],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,125452,110],{"class":109},[69,125454,113],{"class":83},[69,125456,34366],{"class":121},[69,125458,221],{"class":83},[14,125460,125461],{},"In many cases, switching quote styles is simpler than escaping.",[14,125463,125464,125465,25],{},"If you get a quote-related error, see ",[192,125466,125468],{"href":125467},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fsyntaxerror-eol-while-scanning-string-literal-fix\u002F","SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal",[141,125470,2698],{"id":2697},[14,125472,125473],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating strings.",[1369,125475,89886],{"id":89885},[14,125477,125478],{},"If you write text without quotes, Python treats it like a variable name.",[60,125480,125482],{"className":62,"code":125481,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"# This will cause an error\n# name = Alice\n",[17,125483,125484,125488],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,125485,125486],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,125487,125377],{"class":128},[69,125489,125490],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,125491,125492],{"class":128},"# name = Alice\n",[14,125494,125495,125496,8235,125499,125501],{},"Python may raise a ",[17,125497,125498],{},"NameError",[17,125500,4831],{}," is not defined.",[14,125503,10446],{},[60,125505,125507],{"className":62,"code":125506,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(name)\n",[17,125508,125509,125521],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,125510,125511,125513,125515,125517,125519],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,125512,7507],{"class":75},[69,125514,80],{"class":79},[69,125516,964],{"class":94},[69,125518,4831],{"class":336},[69,125520,3224],{"class":94},[69,125522,125523,125525,125527,125529],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,125524,110],{"class":109},[69,125526,113],{"class":83},[69,125528,7297],{"class":121},[69,125530,221],{"class":83},[1369,125532,125534],{"id":125533},"mixing-quote-characters-incorrectly","Mixing quote characters incorrectly",[14,125536,125537],{},"This can break the string early and cause a syntax error.",[60,125539,125541],{"className":62,"code":125540,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's good'\n",[17,125542,125543,125547],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,125544,125545],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,125546,125377],{"class":128},[69,125548,125549],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,125550,125551],{"class":128},"# text = 'It's good'\n",[14,125553,125554],{},"Fix it by escaping the quote or changing quote styles:",[60,125556,125558],{"className":62,"code":125557,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text1 = 'It\\'s good'\ntext2 = \"It's good\"\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[17,125559,125560,125577,125590,125594,125604],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,125561,125562,125564,125566,125568,125570,125572,125575],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,125563,125305],{"class":75},[69,125565,80],{"class":79},[69,125567,3161],{"class":94},[69,125569,125410],{"class":336},[69,125571,125413],{"class":34110},[69,125573,125574],{"class":336},"s good",[69,125576,29354],{"class":94},[69,125578,125579,125581,125583,125585,125588],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,125580,125319],{"class":75},[69,125582,80],{"class":79},[69,125584,964],{"class":94},[69,125586,125587],{"class":336},"It's good",[69,125589,3224],{"class":94},[69,125591,125592],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,125593,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,125595,125596,125598,125600,125602],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,125597,110],{"class":109},[69,125599,113],{"class":83},[69,125601,125341],{"class":121},[69,125603,221],{"class":83},[69,125605,125606,125608,125610,125612],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,125607,110],{"class":109},[69,125609,113],{"class":83},[69,125611,125352],{"class":121},[69,125613,221],{"class":83},[1369,125615,125617],{"id":125616},"using-triple-quotes-when-a-single-line-string-is-enough","Using triple quotes when a single-line string is enough",[14,125619,125620],{},"Triple quotes work, but they are usually best for multi-line text.",[60,125622,125624],{"className":62,"code":125623,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"\"\"hello\"\"\"\nprint(text)\n",[17,125625,125626,125638],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,125627,125628,125630,125632,125634,125636],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,125629,34345],{"class":75},[69,125631,80],{"class":79},[69,125633,124981],{"class":94},[69,125635,337],{"class":336},[69,125637,43001],{"class":94},[69,125639,125640,125642,125644,125646],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,125641,110],{"class":109},[69,125643,113],{"class":83},[69,125645,34366],{"class":121},[69,125647,221],{"class":83},[14,125649,125650],{},"This is valid, but for one line, this is simpler:",[60,125652,125654],{"className":62,"code":125653,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text)\n",[17,125655,125656,125668],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,125657,125658,125660,125662,125664,125666],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,125659,34345],{"class":75},[69,125661,80],{"class":79},[69,125663,964],{"class":94},[69,125665,337],{"class":336},[69,125667,3224],{"class":94},[69,125669,125670,125672,125674,125676],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,125671,110],{"class":109},[69,125673,113],{"class":83},[69,125675,34366],{"class":121},[69,125677,221],{"class":83},[1369,125679,4406,125681,587,125683,125685],{"id":125680},"assuming-123-and-123-are-the-same-type",[17,125682,49913],{},[17,125684,49963],{}," are the same type",[14,125687,125688],{},"They are different:",[60,125690,125692],{"className":62,"code":125691,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value1 = 123\nvalue2 = \"123\"\n\nprint(type(value1))\nprint(type(value2))\n",[17,125693,125694,125703,125716,125720,125734],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,125695,125696,125699,125701],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,125697,125698],{"class":75},"value1 ",[69,125700,80],{"class":79},[69,125702,124709],{"class":87},[69,125704,125705,125708,125710,125712,125714],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,125706,125707],{"class":75},"value2 ",[69,125709,80],{"class":79},[69,125711,964],{"class":94},[69,125713,49913],{"class":336},[69,125715,3224],{"class":94},[69,125717,125718],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,125719,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,125721,125722,125724,125726,125728,125730,125732],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,125723,110],{"class":109},[69,125725,113],{"class":83},[69,125727,3087],{"class":1126},[69,125729,113],{"class":83},[69,125731,84442],{"class":121},[69,125733,342],{"class":83},[69,125735,125736,125738,125740,125742,125744,125747],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,125737,110],{"class":109},[69,125739,113],{"class":83},[69,125741,3087],{"class":1126},[69,125743,113],{"class":83},[69,125745,125746],{"class":121},"value2",[69,125748,342],{"class":83},[14,125750,643],{},[60,125752,125754],{"className":62,"code":125753,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[17,125755,125756,125770],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,125757,125758,125760,125762,125764,125766,125768],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,125759,852],{"class":79},[69,125761,3158],{"class":1932},[69,125763,3161],{"class":94},[69,125765,2056],{"class":336},[69,125767,488],{"class":94},[69,125769,3168],{"class":79},[69,125771,125772,125774,125776,125778,125780,125782],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,125773,852],{"class":79},[69,125775,3158],{"class":1932},[69,125777,3161],{"class":94},[69,125779,3309],{"class":336},[69,125781,488],{"class":94},[69,125783,3168],{"class":79},[1369,125785,125787],{"id":125786},"trying-to-join-text-and-numbers-without-converting-first","Trying to join text and numbers without converting first",[14,125789,125790],{},"This causes a type error:",[60,125792,125794],{"className":62,"code":125793,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"# This will cause an error\n# age = 10\n# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[17,125795,125796,125800,125805],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,125797,125798],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,125799,125377],{"class":128},[69,125801,125802],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,125803,125804],{"class":128},"# age = 10\n",[69,125806,125807],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,125808,125809],{"class":128},"# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[14,125811,125812,125813,1044],{},"Fix it with ",[17,125814,47350],{},[60,125816,125818],{"className":62,"code":125817,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"age = 10\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[17,125819,125820,125828,125850,125854],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,125821,125822,125824,125826],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,125823,21279],{"class":75},[69,125825,80],{"class":79},[69,125827,2454],{"class":87},[69,125829,125830,125832,125834,125836,125838,125840,125842,125844,125846,125848],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,125831,89679],{"class":75},[69,125833,80],{"class":79},[69,125835,964],{"class":94},[69,125837,89097],{"class":336},[69,125839,333],{"class":94},[69,125841,2320],{"class":79},[69,125843,48571],{"class":1126},[69,125845,113],{"class":83},[69,125847,8935],{"class":121},[69,125849,221],{"class":83},[69,125851,125852],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,125853,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,125855,125856,125858,125860,125862],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,125857,110],{"class":109},[69,125859,113],{"class":83},[69,125861,89696],{"class":121},[69,125863,221],{"class":83},[14,125865,125866,125867,25],{},"For this specific error, see ",[192,125868,90078],{"href":90077},[1369,125870,60381],{"id":60380},[14,125872,125873],{},"If you are not sure what value you created, these commands help:",[60,125875,125877],{"className":62,"code":125876,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(repr(text))\n",[17,125878,125879,125891,125895,125905,125919],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,125880,125881,125883,125885,125887,125889],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,125882,34345],{"class":75},[69,125884,80],{"class":79},[69,125886,964],{"class":94},[69,125888,337],{"class":336},[69,125890,3224],{"class":94},[69,125892,125893],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,125894,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,125896,125897,125899,125901,125903],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,125898,110],{"class":109},[69,125900,113],{"class":83},[69,125902,34366],{"class":121},[69,125904,221],{"class":83},[69,125906,125907,125909,125911,125913,125915,125917],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,125908,110],{"class":109},[69,125910,113],{"class":83},[69,125912,3087],{"class":1126},[69,125914,113],{"class":83},[69,125916,34366],{"class":121},[69,125918,342],{"class":83},[69,125920,125921,125923,125925,125927,125929,125931],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,125922,110],{"class":109},[69,125924,113],{"class":83},[69,125926,41443],{"class":109},[69,125928,113],{"class":83},[69,125930,34366],{"class":121},[69,125932,342],{"class":83},[30,125934,125935,125940,125945],{},[33,125936,125937,45944],{},[17,125938,125939],{},"print(text)",[33,125941,125942,45949],{},[17,125943,125944],{},"print(type(text))",[33,125946,125947,125950],{},[17,125948,125949],{},"print(repr(text))"," shows the exact string representation, which is helpful for spaces and escape characters",[141,125952,1651],{"id":1650},[1369,125954,125956],{"id":125955},"how-do-i-create-a-string-in-python","How do I create a string in Python?",[14,125958,125959,125960,54,125963,25],{},"Put text inside single quotes or double quotes, like ",[17,125961,125962],{},"'hello'",[17,125964,64206],{},[1369,125966,125968],{"id":125967},"what-is-the-difference-between-single-and-double-quotes-in-python","What is the difference between single and double quotes in Python?",[14,125970,125971],{},"Usually none. They both create strings. Choose the one that avoids extra escaping.",[1369,125973,125975],{"id":125974},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-string","How do I create an empty string?",[14,125977,132,125978,54,125980,25],{},[17,125979,1111],{},[17,125981,429],{},[1369,125983,125985],{"id":125984},"how-do-i-turn-a-number-into-a-string","How do I turn a number into a string?",[14,125987,132,125988,125990,125991,125993,125994,25],{},[17,125989,47350],{},", like ",[17,125992,80052],{},", which returns ",[17,125995,41790],{},[1369,125997,125999],{"id":125998},"how-do-i-write-a-string-on-multiple-lines","How do I write a string on multiple lines?",[14,126001,126002],{},"Use triple quotes so Python keeps the line breaks.",[141,126004,1771],{"id":1770},[30,126006,126007,126011,126017,126022,126031,126035],{},[33,126008,126009],{},[192,126010,124782],{"href":50643},[33,126012,126013],{},[192,126014,3441,126015,1780],{"href":41839},[17,126016,47350],{},[33,126018,126019],{},[192,126020,126021],{"href":122952},"How to convert int to string in Python",[33,126023,126024],{},[192,126025,126027,126028,10379],{"href":126026},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method\u002F","Python string ",[17,126029,126030],{},"format()",[33,126032,126033],{},[192,126034,125468],{"href":125467},[33,126036,126037],{},[192,126038,90078],{"href":90077},[1802,126040,126041],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":126043},[126044,126045,126046,126047,126048,126049,126050,126051,126052,126061,126068],{"id":14808,"depth":106,"text":14809},{"id":124621,"depth":106,"text":124622},{"id":124785,"depth":106,"text":124786},{"id":124860,"depth":106,"text":124861},{"id":124960,"depth":106,"text":124961},{"id":125065,"depth":106,"text":125066},{"id":125243,"depth":106,"text":125244},{"id":125360,"depth":106,"text":125361},{"id":2697,"depth":106,"text":2698,"children":126053},[126054,126055,126056,126057,126059,126060],{"id":89885,"depth":300,"text":89886},{"id":125533,"depth":300,"text":125534},{"id":125616,"depth":300,"text":125617},{"id":125680,"depth":300,"text":126058},"Assuming 123 and \"123\" are the same type",{"id":125786,"depth":300,"text":125787},{"id":60380,"depth":300,"text":60381},{"id":1650,"depth":106,"text":1651,"children":126062},[126063,126064,126065,126066,126067],{"id":125955,"depth":300,"text":125956},{"id":125967,"depth":300,"text":125968},{"id":125974,"depth":300,"text":125975},{"id":125984,"depth":300,"text":125985},{"id":125998,"depth":300,"text":125999},{"id":1770,"depth":106,"text":1771},"Master python string creating a string in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string",{"title":124483,"description":126069},"reference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string","4BQU6hnmGKtWtbnNEuQ2DsM1B7YLS8pxu2cdWLKXLUE",{"id":126076,"title":126077,"body":126078,"description":127992,"extension":1828,"meta":127993,"navigation":833,"path":127994,"seo":127995,"stem":127996,"__hash__":127997},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method.md","Python String endswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":126079,"toc":127953},[126080,126086,126091,126099,126101,126168,126170,126182,126191,126196,126200,126217,126219,126284,126286,126298,126303,126305,126333,126354,126357,126396,126398,126406,126410,126414,126418,126426,126429,126470,126472,126480,126483,126540,126542,126550,126554,126559,126603,126605,126613,126622,126626,126631,126679,126681,126689,126695,126697,126701,126713,126718,126797,126799,126819,126823,126827,126867,126869,126877,126881,126924,126926,126934,126938,126978,126980,126988,126992,127048,127050,127058,127064,127066,127070,127080,127147,127149,127162,127169,127212,127214,127222,127226,127229,127285,127287,127295,127298,127300,127377,127379,127387,127396,127398,127402,127406,127408,127430,127433,127480,127484,127523,127525,127533,127535,127577,127584,127589,127651,127653,127665,127671,127676,127725,127727,127746,127752,127754,127773,127775,127866,127868,127874,127881,127887,127893,127898,127907,127914,127922,127924,127950],[10,126081,123027,126083,10962],{"id":126082},"python-string-endswith-method",[17,126084,126085],{},"endswith()",[14,126087,123032,126088,126090],{},[17,126089,126085],{}," method checks whether a string ends with specific text.",[14,126092,126093,126094,54,126096,126098],{},"It is useful when you want a simple ",[17,126095,53],{},[17,126097,57],{}," answer. Beginners often use it for file extensions, URL endings, and checking user input.",[141,126100,1870],{"id":1869},[60,126102,126104],{"className":62,"code":126103,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[17,126105,126106,126120,126145],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,126107,126108,126111,126113,126115,126118],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,126109,126110],{"class":75},"filename ",[69,126112,80],{"class":79},[69,126114,964],{"class":94},[69,126116,126117],{"class":336},"report.csv",[69,126119,3224],{"class":94},[69,126121,126122,126124,126126,126129,126131,126134,126136,126138,126141,126143],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,126123,110],{"class":109},[69,126125,113],{"class":83},[69,126127,126128],{"class":121},"filename",[69,126130,25],{"class":83},[69,126132,126133],{"class":121},"endswith",[69,126135,113],{"class":83},[69,126137,333],{"class":94},[69,126139,126140],{"class":336},".csv",[69,126142,333],{"class":94},[69,126144,342],{"class":83},[69,126146,126147,126149,126151,126153,126155,126157,126159,126161,126164,126166],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,126148,110],{"class":109},[69,126150,113],{"class":83},[69,126152,126128],{"class":121},[69,126154,25],{"class":83},[69,126156,126133],{"class":121},[69,126158,113],{"class":83},[69,126160,333],{"class":94},[69,126162,126163],{"class":336},".txt",[69,126165,333],{"class":94},[69,126167,342],{"class":83},[14,126169,643],{},[60,126171,126172],{"className":62,"code":43839,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,126173,126174,126178],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,126175,126176],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,126177,355],{"class":289},[69,126179,126180],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,126181,360],{"class":289},[14,126183,132,126184,136,126186,54,126188,126190],{},[17,126185,126085],{},[17,126187,53],{},[17,126189,57],{}," based on the ending of a string.",[141,126192,3540,126194,3543],{"id":126193},"what-endswith-does",[17,126195,126085],{},[14,126197,126198,1044],{},[17,126199,126085],{},[30,126201,126202,126205,126211,126214],{},[33,126203,126204],{},"Checks whether a string ends with a given suffix",[33,126206,11064,126207,54,126209],{},[17,126208,53],{},[17,126210,57],{},[33,126212,126213],{},"Does not change the original string",[33,126215,126216],{},"Works well with normal text such as file names, URLs, and sentence endings",[14,126218,2076],{},[60,126220,126222],{"className":62,"code":126221,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\"world\"))\nprint(text.endswith(\"hello\"))\n",[17,126223,126224,126236,126240,126262],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,126225,126226,126228,126230,126232,126234],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,126227,34345],{"class":75},[69,126229,80],{"class":79},[69,126231,964],{"class":94},[69,126233,60077],{"class":336},[69,126235,3224],{"class":94},[69,126237,126238],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,126239,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,126241,126242,126244,126246,126248,126250,126252,126254,126256,126258,126260],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,126243,110],{"class":109},[69,126245,113],{"class":83},[69,126247,34366],{"class":121},[69,126249,25],{"class":83},[69,126251,126133],{"class":121},[69,126253,113],{"class":83},[69,126255,333],{"class":94},[69,126257,60262],{"class":336},[69,126259,333],{"class":94},[69,126261,342],{"class":83},[69,126263,126264,126266,126268,126270,126272,126274,126276,126278,126280,126282],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,126265,110],{"class":109},[69,126267,113],{"class":83},[69,126269,34366],{"class":121},[69,126271,25],{"class":83},[69,126273,126133],{"class":121},[69,126275,113],{"class":83},[69,126277,333],{"class":94},[69,126279,337],{"class":336},[69,126281,333],{"class":94},[69,126283,342],{"class":83},[14,126285,643],{},[60,126287,126288],{"className":62,"code":43839,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,126289,126290,126294],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,126291,126292],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,126293,355],{"class":289},[69,126295,126296],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,126297,360],{"class":289},[14,126299,126300,126301,25],{},"If you are learning string basics, see ",[192,126302,124782],{"href":50643},[141,126304,2024],{"id":2023},[60,126306,126308],{"className":62,"code":126307,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"string.endswith(suffix, start, end)\n",[17,126309,126310],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,126311,126312,126314,126316,126318,126320,126323,126325,126327,126329,126331],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,126313,60845],{"class":75},[69,126315,25],{"class":83},[69,126317,126133],{"class":121},[69,126319,113],{"class":83},[69,126321,126322],{"class":121},"suffix",[69,126324,91],{"class":83},[69,126326,35711],{"class":121},[69,126328,91],{"class":83},[69,126330,64712],{"class":121},[69,126332,221],{"class":83},[30,126334,126335,126340,126347],{},[33,126336,126337,126339],{},[17,126338,126322],{}," is required",[33,126341,126342,587,126344,126346],{},[17,126343,35732],{},[17,126345,52329],{}," are optional",[33,126348,126349,587,126351,126353],{},[17,126350,35732],{},[17,126352,52329],{}," limit which part of the string is checked",[14,126355,126356],{},"Basic example:",[60,126358,126360],{"className":62,"code":126359,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"filename = \"notes.txt\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[17,126361,126362,126374],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,126363,126364,126366,126368,126370,126372],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,126365,126110],{"class":75},[69,126367,80],{"class":79},[69,126369,964],{"class":94},[69,126371,86567],{"class":336},[69,126373,3224],{"class":94},[69,126375,126376,126378,126380,126382,126384,126386,126388,126390,126392,126394],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,126377,110],{"class":109},[69,126379,113],{"class":83},[69,126381,126128],{"class":121},[69,126383,25],{"class":83},[69,126385,126133],{"class":121},[69,126387,113],{"class":83},[69,126389,333],{"class":94},[69,126391,126163],{"class":336},[69,126393,333],{"class":94},[69,126395,342],{"class":83},[14,126397,643],{},[60,126399,126400],{"className":62,"code":355,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,126401,126402],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,126403,126404],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,126405,355],{"class":289},[141,126407,126409],{"id":126408},"arguments-explained","Arguments explained",[1369,126411,126412],{"id":126322},[17,126413,126322],{},[14,126415,126416,30405],{},[17,126417,126322],{},[30,126419,126420,126423],{},[33,126421,126422],{},"A single string",[33,126424,126425],{},"A tuple of strings",[14,126427,126428],{},"Single suffix:",[60,126430,126432],{"className":62,"code":126431,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith(\".png\"))\n",[17,126433,126434,126447],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,126435,126436,126438,126440,126442,126445],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,126437,7507],{"class":75},[69,126439,80],{"class":79},[69,126441,964],{"class":94},[69,126443,126444],{"class":336},"image.png",[69,126446,3224],{"class":94},[69,126448,126449,126451,126453,126455,126457,126459,126461,126463,126466,126468],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,126450,110],{"class":109},[69,126452,113],{"class":83},[69,126454,7297],{"class":121},[69,126456,25],{"class":83},[69,126458,126133],{"class":121},[69,126460,113],{"class":83},[69,126462,333],{"class":94},[69,126464,126465],{"class":336},".png",[69,126467,333],{"class":94},[69,126469,342],{"class":83},[14,126471,643],{},[60,126473,126474],{"className":62,"code":355,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,126475,126476],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,126477,126478],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,126479,355],{"class":289},[14,126481,126482],{},"Tuple of suffixes:",[60,126484,126486],{"className":62,"code":126485,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[17,126487,126488,126500],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,126489,126490,126492,126494,126496,126498],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,126491,7507],{"class":75},[69,126493,80],{"class":79},[69,126495,964],{"class":94},[69,126497,126444],{"class":336},[69,126499,3224],{"class":94},[69,126501,126502,126504,126506,126508,126510,126512,126514,126516,126519,126521,126523,126525,126527,126529,126531,126533,126536,126538],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,126503,110],{"class":109},[69,126505,113],{"class":83},[69,126507,7297],{"class":121},[69,126509,25],{"class":83},[69,126511,126133],{"class":121},[69,126513,286],{"class":83},[69,126515,333],{"class":94},[69,126517,126518],{"class":336},".jpg",[69,126520,333],{"class":94},[69,126522,91],{"class":83},[69,126524,964],{"class":94},[69,126526,126465],{"class":336},[69,126528,333],{"class":94},[69,126530,91],{"class":83},[69,126532,964],{"class":94},[69,126534,126535],{"class":336},".gif",[69,126537,333],{"class":94},[69,126539,297],{"class":83},[14,126541,643],{},[60,126543,126544],{"className":62,"code":355,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,126545,126546],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,126547,126548],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,126549,355],{"class":289},[1369,126551,126552],{"id":35732},[17,126553,35732],{},[14,126555,126556,126558],{},[17,126557,35732],{}," tells Python where to begin checking in the string.",[60,126560,126562],{"className":62,"code":126561,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"my_report.csv\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 3))\n",[17,126563,126564,126577],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,126565,126566,126568,126570,126572,126575],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,126567,34345],{"class":75},[69,126569,80],{"class":79},[69,126571,964],{"class":94},[69,126573,126574],{"class":336},"my_report.csv",[69,126576,3224],{"class":94},[69,126578,126579,126581,126583,126585,126587,126589,126591,126593,126595,126597,126599,126601],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,126580,110],{"class":109},[69,126582,113],{"class":83},[69,126584,34366],{"class":121},[69,126586,25],{"class":83},[69,126588,126133],{"class":121},[69,126590,113],{"class":83},[69,126592,333],{"class":94},[69,126594,126140],{"class":336},[69,126596,333],{"class":94},[69,126598,91],{"class":83},[69,126600,516],{"class":87},[69,126602,342],{"class":83},[14,126604,643],{},[60,126606,126607],{"className":62,"code":355,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,126608,126609],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,126610,126611],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,126612,355],{"class":289},[14,126614,126615,126616,126618,126619,25],{},"Python checks the part from index ",[17,126617,1929],{}," onward, which is ",[17,126620,126621],{},"\"report.csv\"",[1369,126623,126624],{"id":52329},[17,126625,52329],{},[14,126627,126628,126630],{},[17,126629,52329],{}," tells Python where to stop checking before the end of the full string.",[60,126632,126634],{"className":62,"code":126633,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"report.csv backup\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 0, 10))\n",[17,126635,126636,126649],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,126637,126638,126640,126642,126644,126647],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,126639,34345],{"class":75},[69,126641,80],{"class":79},[69,126643,964],{"class":94},[69,126645,126646],{"class":336},"report.csv backup",[69,126648,3224],{"class":94},[69,126650,126651,126653,126655,126657,126659,126661,126663,126665,126667,126669,126671,126673,126675,126677],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,126652,110],{"class":109},[69,126654,113],{"class":83},[69,126656,34366],{"class":121},[69,126658,25],{"class":83},[69,126660,126133],{"class":121},[69,126662,113],{"class":83},[69,126664,333],{"class":94},[69,126666,126140],{"class":336},[69,126668,333],{"class":94},[69,126670,91],{"class":83},[69,126672,267],{"class":87},[69,126674,91],{"class":83},[69,126676,826],{"class":87},[69,126678,342],{"class":83},[14,126680,643],{},[60,126682,126683],{"className":62,"code":355,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,126684,126685],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,126686,126687],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,126688,355],{"class":289},[14,126690,126691,126692,126694],{},"Here, Python only checks ",[17,126693,126621],{}," and ignores the rest.",[141,126696,17067],{"id":17066},[14,126698,126699,25161],{},[17,126700,126085],{},[30,126702,126703,126708],{},[33,126704,126705,126707],{},[17,126706,53],{}," if the string ends with the suffix",[33,126709,126710,126712],{},[17,126711,57],{}," if it does not",[14,126714,126715,126716,6800],{},"This makes it very useful inside ",[17,126717,6625],{},[60,126719,126721],{"className":62,"code":126720,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"filename = \"data.csv\"\n\nif filename.endswith(\".csv\"):\n    print(\"This is a CSV file.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is not a CSV file.\")\n",[17,126722,126723,126736,126740,126761,126776,126782],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,126724,126725,126727,126729,126731,126734],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,126726,126110],{"class":75},[69,126728,80],{"class":79},[69,126730,964],{"class":94},[69,126732,126733],{"class":336},"data.csv",[69,126735,3224],{"class":94},[69,126737,126738],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,126739,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,126741,126742,126744,126747,126749,126751,126753,126755,126757,126759],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,126743,6625],{"class":773},[69,126745,126746],{"class":75}," filename",[69,126748,25],{"class":83},[69,126750,126133],{"class":121},[69,126752,113],{"class":83},[69,126754,333],{"class":94},[69,126756,126140],{"class":336},[69,126758,333],{"class":94},[69,126760,7974],{"class":83},[69,126762,126763,126765,126767,126769,126772,126774],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,126764,7700],{"class":109},[69,126766,113],{"class":83},[69,126768,333],{"class":94},[69,126770,126771],{"class":336},"This is a CSV file.",[69,126773,333],{"class":94},[69,126775,221],{"class":83},[69,126777,126778,126780],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,126779,27087],{"class":773},[69,126781,1235],{"class":83},[69,126783,126784,126786,126788,126790,126793,126795],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,126785,7700],{"class":109},[69,126787,113],{"class":83},[69,126789,333],{"class":94},[69,126791,126792],{"class":336},"This is not a CSV file.",[69,126794,333],{"class":94},[69,126796,221],{"class":83},[14,126798,643],{},[60,126800,126802],{"className":62,"code":126801,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"This is a CSV file.\n",[17,126803,126804],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,126805,126806,126808,126810,126812,126815,126817],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,126807,49546],{"class":75},[69,126809,11836],{"class":79},[69,126811,44210],{"class":75},[69,126813,126814],{"class":34110},"CSV",[69,126816,86308],{"class":86307},[69,126818,122059],{"class":83},[141,126820,126822],{"id":126821},"common-beginner-examples","Common beginner examples",[1369,126824,126826],{"id":126825},"check-a-file-extension","Check a file extension",[60,126828,126830],{"className":62,"code":126829,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"filename = \"sales.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[17,126831,126832,126845],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,126833,126834,126836,126838,126840,126843],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,126835,126110],{"class":75},[69,126837,80],{"class":79},[69,126839,964],{"class":94},[69,126841,126842],{"class":336},"sales.csv",[69,126844,3224],{"class":94},[69,126846,126847,126849,126851,126853,126855,126857,126859,126861,126863,126865],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,126848,110],{"class":109},[69,126850,113],{"class":83},[69,126852,126128],{"class":121},[69,126854,25],{"class":83},[69,126856,126133],{"class":121},[69,126858,113],{"class":83},[69,126860,333],{"class":94},[69,126862,126140],{"class":336},[69,126864,333],{"class":94},[69,126866,342],{"class":83},[14,126868,643],{},[60,126870,126871],{"className":62,"code":355,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,126872,126873],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,126874,126875],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,126876,355],{"class":289},[1369,126878,126880],{"id":126879},"check-whether-a-url-ends-with-a-slash","Check whether a URL ends with a slash",[60,126882,126884],{"className":62,"code":126883,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F\"\nprint(url.endswith(\"\u002F\"))\n",[17,126885,126886,126900],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,126887,126888,126891,126893,126895,126898],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,126889,126890],{"class":75},"url ",[69,126892,80],{"class":79},[69,126894,964],{"class":94},[69,126896,126897],{"class":336},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F",[69,126899,3224],{"class":94},[69,126901,126902,126904,126906,126909,126911,126913,126915,126917,126920,126922],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,126903,110],{"class":109},[69,126905,113],{"class":83},[69,126907,126908],{"class":121},"url",[69,126910,25],{"class":83},[69,126912,126133],{"class":121},[69,126914,113],{"class":83},[69,126916,333],{"class":94},[69,126918,126919],{"class":336},"\u002F",[69,126921,333],{"class":94},[69,126923,342],{"class":83},[14,126925,643],{},[60,126927,126928],{"className":62,"code":355,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,126929,126930],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,126931,126932],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,126933,355],{"class":289},[1369,126935,126937],{"id":126936},"check-whether-user-input-ends-with-punctuation","Check whether user input ends with punctuation",[60,126939,126941],{"className":62,"code":126940,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"message = \"Hello!\"\nprint(message.endswith(\"!\"))\n",[17,126942,126943,126956],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,126944,126945,126947,126949,126951,126954],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,126946,89679],{"class":75},[69,126948,80],{"class":79},[69,126950,964],{"class":94},[69,126952,126953],{"class":336},"Hello!",[69,126955,3224],{"class":94},[69,126957,126958,126960,126962,126964,126966,126968,126970,126972,126974,126976],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,126959,110],{"class":109},[69,126961,113],{"class":83},[69,126963,89696],{"class":121},[69,126965,25],{"class":83},[69,126967,126133],{"class":121},[69,126969,113],{"class":83},[69,126971,333],{"class":94},[69,126973,89520],{"class":336},[69,126975,333],{"class":94},[69,126977,342],{"class":83},[14,126979,643],{},[60,126981,126982],{"className":62,"code":355,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,126983,126984],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,126985,126986],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,126987,355],{"class":289},[1369,126989,126991],{"id":126990},"check-multiple-allowed-endings","Check multiple allowed endings",[60,126993,126995],{"className":62,"code":126994,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[17,126996,126997,127010],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,126998,126999,127001,127003,127005,127008],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,127000,126110],{"class":75},[69,127002,80],{"class":79},[69,127004,964],{"class":94},[69,127006,127007],{"class":336},"photo.jpg",[69,127009,3224],{"class":94},[69,127011,127012,127014,127016,127018,127020,127022,127024,127026,127028,127030,127032,127034,127036,127038,127040,127042,127044,127046],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,127013,110],{"class":109},[69,127015,113],{"class":83},[69,127017,126128],{"class":121},[69,127019,25],{"class":83},[69,127021,126133],{"class":121},[69,127023,286],{"class":83},[69,127025,333],{"class":94},[69,127027,126518],{"class":336},[69,127029,333],{"class":94},[69,127031,91],{"class":83},[69,127033,964],{"class":94},[69,127035,126465],{"class":336},[69,127037,333],{"class":94},[69,127039,91],{"class":83},[69,127041,964],{"class":94},[69,127043,126535],{"class":336},[69,127045,333],{"class":94},[69,127047,297],{"class":83},[14,127049,643],{},[60,127051,127052],{"className":62,"code":355,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,127053,127054],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,127055,127056],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,127057,355],{"class":289},[14,127059,127060,127061,25],{},"If you need to check whether text appears anywhere in a string, not just at the end, see ",[192,127062,127063],{"href":123282},"how to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[141,127065,123674],{"id":123673},[14,127067,127068,123485],{},[17,127069,126085],{},[14,127071,127072,127073,587,127076,127079],{},"That means ",[17,127074,127075],{},"\".CSV\"",[17,127077,127078],{},"\".csv\""," are different.",[60,127081,127083],{"className":62,"code":127082,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\n\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".CSV\"))\n",[17,127084,127085,127098,127102,127124],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,127086,127087,127089,127091,127093,127096],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,127088,126110],{"class":75},[69,127090,80],{"class":79},[69,127092,964],{"class":94},[69,127094,127095],{"class":336},"REPORT.CSV",[69,127097,3224],{"class":94},[69,127099,127100],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,127101,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,127103,127104,127106,127108,127110,127112,127114,127116,127118,127120,127122],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,127105,110],{"class":109},[69,127107,113],{"class":83},[69,127109,126128],{"class":121},[69,127111,25],{"class":83},[69,127113,126133],{"class":121},[69,127115,113],{"class":83},[69,127117,333],{"class":94},[69,127119,126140],{"class":336},[69,127121,333],{"class":94},[69,127123,342],{"class":83},[69,127125,127126,127128,127130,127132,127134,127136,127138,127140,127143,127145],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,127127,110],{"class":109},[69,127129,113],{"class":83},[69,127131,126128],{"class":121},[69,127133,25],{"class":83},[69,127135,126133],{"class":121},[69,127137,113],{"class":83},[69,127139,333],{"class":94},[69,127141,127142],{"class":336},".CSV",[69,127144,333],{"class":94},[69,127146,342],{"class":83},[14,127148,643],{},[60,127150,127152],{"className":62,"code":127151,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"False\nTrue\n",[17,127153,127154,127158],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,127155,127156],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,127157,360],{"class":289},[69,127159,127160],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,127161,355],{"class":289},[14,127163,127164,127165,25],{},"If you want a case-insensitive check, convert the string first with ",[192,127166,127167],{"href":123754},[17,127168,123757],{},[60,127170,127172],{"className":62,"code":127171,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.lower().endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[17,127173,127174,127186],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,127175,127176,127178,127180,127182,127184],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,127177,126110],{"class":75},[69,127179,80],{"class":79},[69,127181,964],{"class":94},[69,127183,127095],{"class":336},[69,127185,3224],{"class":94},[69,127187,127188,127190,127192,127194,127196,127198,127200,127202,127204,127206,127208,127210],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,127189,110],{"class":109},[69,127191,113],{"class":83},[69,127193,126128],{"class":121},[69,127195,25],{"class":83},[69,127197,8274],{"class":121},[69,127199,8271],{"class":83},[69,127201,126133],{"class":121},[69,127203,113],{"class":83},[69,127205,333],{"class":94},[69,127207,126140],{"class":336},[69,127209,333],{"class":94},[69,127211,342],{"class":83},[14,127213,643],{},[60,127215,127216],{"className":62,"code":355,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,127217,127218],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,127219,127220],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,127221,355],{"class":289},[141,127223,127225],{"id":127224},"using-multiple-suffixes","Using multiple suffixes",[14,127227,127228],{},"You can pass a tuple of suffixes to check several endings at once.",[60,127230,127232],{"className":62,"code":127231,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"filename = \"picture.gif\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[17,127233,127234,127247],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,127235,127236,127238,127240,127242,127245],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,127237,126110],{"class":75},[69,127239,80],{"class":79},[69,127241,964],{"class":94},[69,127243,127244],{"class":336},"picture.gif",[69,127246,3224],{"class":94},[69,127248,127249,127251,127253,127255,127257,127259,127261,127263,127265,127267,127269,127271,127273,127275,127277,127279,127281,127283],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,127250,110],{"class":109},[69,127252,113],{"class":83},[69,127254,126128],{"class":121},[69,127256,25],{"class":83},[69,127258,126133],{"class":121},[69,127260,286],{"class":83},[69,127262,333],{"class":94},[69,127264,126518],{"class":336},[69,127266,333],{"class":94},[69,127268,91],{"class":83},[69,127270,964],{"class":94},[69,127272,126465],{"class":336},[69,127274,333],{"class":94},[69,127276,91],{"class":83},[69,127278,964],{"class":94},[69,127280,126535],{"class":336},[69,127282,333],{"class":94},[69,127284,297],{"class":83},[14,127286,643],{},[60,127288,127289],{"className":62,"code":355,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,127290,127291],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,127292,127293],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,127294,355],{"class":289},[14,127296,127297],{},"This is helpful when you want to allow several file types.",[14,127299,51748],{},[60,127301,127303],{"className":62,"code":127302,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"document = \"notes.txt\"\nallowed = (\".txt\", \".md\", \".docx\")\n\nprint(document.endswith(allowed))\n",[17,127304,127305,127318,127353,127357],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,127306,127307,127310,127312,127314,127316],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,127308,127309],{"class":75},"document ",[69,127311,80],{"class":79},[69,127313,964],{"class":94},[69,127315,86567],{"class":336},[69,127317,3224],{"class":94},[69,127319,127320,127323,127325,127327,127329,127331,127333,127335,127337,127340,127342,127344,127346,127349,127351],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,127321,127322],{"class":75},"allowed ",[69,127324,80],{"class":79},[69,127326,8872],{"class":83},[69,127328,333],{"class":94},[69,127330,126163],{"class":336},[69,127332,333],{"class":94},[69,127334,91],{"class":83},[69,127336,964],{"class":94},[69,127338,127339],{"class":336},".md",[69,127341,333],{"class":94},[69,127343,91],{"class":83},[69,127345,964],{"class":94},[69,127347,127348],{"class":336},".docx",[69,127350,333],{"class":94},[69,127352,221],{"class":83},[69,127354,127355],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,127356,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,127358,127359,127361,127363,127366,127368,127370,127372,127375],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,127360,110],{"class":109},[69,127362,113],{"class":83},[69,127364,127365],{"class":121},"document",[69,127367,25],{"class":83},[69,127369,126133],{"class":121},[69,127371,113],{"class":83},[69,127373,127374],{"class":121},"allowed",[69,127376,342],{"class":83},[14,127378,643],{},[60,127380,127381],{"className":62,"code":355,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,127382,127383],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,127384,127385],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,127386,355],{"class":289},[14,127388,127389,127390,25],{},"If you want the opposite check at the beginning of a string, see ",[192,127391,126027,127393,10379],{"href":127392},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method\u002F",[17,127394,127395],{},"startswith()",[141,127397,2698],{"id":2697},[14,127399,8080,127400,25],{},[17,127401,126085],{},[1369,127403,127405],{"id":127404},"using-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Using a list instead of a tuple",[14,127407,1375],{},[60,127409,127411],{"className":62,"code":127410,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\n# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[17,127412,127413,127425],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,127414,127415,127417,127419,127421,127423],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,127416,126110],{"class":75},[69,127418,80],{"class":79},[69,127420,964],{"class":94},[69,127422,127007],{"class":336},[69,127424,3224],{"class":94},[69,127426,127427],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,127428,127429],{"class":128},"# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[14,127431,127432],{},"Use a tuple instead:",[60,127434,127436],{"className":62,"code":127435,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\")))\n",[17,127437,127438,127450],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,127439,127440,127442,127444,127446,127448],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,127441,126110],{"class":75},[69,127443,80],{"class":79},[69,127445,964],{"class":94},[69,127447,127007],{"class":336},[69,127449,3224],{"class":94},[69,127451,127452,127454,127456,127458,127460,127462,127464,127466,127468,127470,127472,127474,127476,127478],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,127453,110],{"class":109},[69,127455,113],{"class":83},[69,127457,126128],{"class":121},[69,127459,25],{"class":83},[69,127461,126133],{"class":121},[69,127463,286],{"class":83},[69,127465,333],{"class":94},[69,127467,126518],{"class":336},[69,127469,333],{"class":94},[69,127471,91],{"class":83},[69,127473,964],{"class":94},[69,127475,126465],{"class":336},[69,127477,333],{"class":94},[69,127479,297],{"class":83},[1369,127481,127483],{"id":127482},"forgetting-that-the-check-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that the check is case-sensitive",[60,127485,127487],{"className":62,"code":127486,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[17,127488,127489,127501],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,127490,127491,127493,127495,127497,127499],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,127492,126110],{"class":75},[69,127494,80],{"class":79},[69,127496,964],{"class":94},[69,127498,127095],{"class":336},[69,127500,3224],{"class":94},[69,127502,127503,127505,127507,127509,127511,127513,127515,127517,127519,127521],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,127504,110],{"class":109},[69,127506,113],{"class":83},[69,127508,126128],{"class":121},[69,127510,25],{"class":83},[69,127512,126133],{"class":121},[69,127514,113],{"class":83},[69,127516,333],{"class":94},[69,127518,126140],{"class":336},[69,127520,333],{"class":94},[69,127522,342],{"class":83},[14,127524,643],{},[60,127526,127527],{"className":62,"code":360,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,127528,127529],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,127530,127531],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,127532,360],{"class":289},[14,127534,38924],{},[60,127536,127537],{"className":62,"code":127171,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,127538,127539,127551],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,127540,127541,127543,127545,127547,127549],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,127542,126110],{"class":75},[69,127544,80],{"class":79},[69,127546,964],{"class":94},[69,127548,127095],{"class":336},[69,127550,3224],{"class":94},[69,127552,127553,127555,127557,127559,127561,127563,127565,127567,127569,127571,127573,127575],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,127554,110],{"class":109},[69,127556,113],{"class":83},[69,127558,126128],{"class":121},[69,127560,25],{"class":83},[69,127562,8274],{"class":121},[69,127564,8271],{"class":83},[69,127566,126133],{"class":121},[69,127568,113],{"class":83},[69,127570,333],{"class":94},[69,127572,126140],{"class":336},[69,127574,333],{"class":94},[69,127576,342],{"class":83},[1369,127578,36865,127580,8339,127582],{"id":127579},"confusing-endswith-with-in",[17,127581,126085],{},[17,127583,780],{},[14,127585,127586,127588],{},[17,127587,126085],{}," checks only the end of the string.",[60,127590,127592],{"className":62,"code":127591,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"my_report.csv.backup\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(\".csv\" in text)\n",[17,127593,127594,127607,127611,127633],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,127595,127596,127598,127600,127602,127605],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,127597,34345],{"class":75},[69,127599,80],{"class":79},[69,127601,964],{"class":94},[69,127603,127604],{"class":336},"my_report.csv.backup",[69,127606,3224],{"class":94},[69,127608,127609],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,127610,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,127612,127613,127615,127617,127619,127621,127623,127625,127627,127629,127631],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,127614,110],{"class":109},[69,127616,113],{"class":83},[69,127618,34366],{"class":121},[69,127620,25],{"class":83},[69,127622,126133],{"class":121},[69,127624,113],{"class":83},[69,127626,333],{"class":94},[69,127628,126140],{"class":336},[69,127630,333],{"class":94},[69,127632,342],{"class":83},[69,127634,127635,127637,127639,127641,127643,127645,127647,127649],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,127636,110],{"class":109},[69,127638,113],{"class":83},[69,127640,333],{"class":94},[69,127642,126140],{"class":336},[69,127644,333],{"class":94},[69,127646,20824],{"class":773},[69,127648,42506],{"class":121},[69,127650,221],{"class":83},[14,127652,643],{},[60,127654,127655],{"className":62,"code":127151,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,127656,127657,127661],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,127658,127659],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,127660,360],{"class":289},[69,127662,127663],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,127664,355],{"class":289},[1369,127666,8086,127668,127670],{"id":127667},"expecting-endswith-to-remove-the-suffix",[17,127669,126085],{}," to remove the suffix",[14,127672,127673,127675],{},[17,127674,126085],{}," only checks. It does not edit the string.",[60,127677,127679],{"className":62,"code":127678,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename)\n",[17,127680,127681,127693,127715],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,127682,127683,127685,127687,127689,127691],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,127684,126110],{"class":75},[69,127686,80],{"class":79},[69,127688,964],{"class":94},[69,127690,126117],{"class":336},[69,127692,3224],{"class":94},[69,127694,127695,127697,127699,127701,127703,127705,127707,127709,127711,127713],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,127696,110],{"class":109},[69,127698,113],{"class":83},[69,127700,126128],{"class":121},[69,127702,25],{"class":83},[69,127704,126133],{"class":121},[69,127706,113],{"class":83},[69,127708,333],{"class":94},[69,127710,126140],{"class":336},[69,127712,333],{"class":94},[69,127714,342],{"class":83},[69,127716,127717,127719,127721,127723],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,127718,110],{"class":109},[69,127720,113],{"class":83},[69,127722,126128],{"class":121},[69,127724,221],{"class":83},[14,127726,643],{},[60,127728,127730],{"className":62,"code":127729,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"True\nreport.csv\n",[17,127731,127732,127736],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,127733,127734],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,127735,355],{"class":289},[69,127737,127738,127741,127743],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,127739,127740],{"class":75},"report",[69,127742,25],{"class":83},[69,127744,127745],{"class":24402},"csv\n",[14,127747,127748,127749,25],{},"If you need to change text, see ",[192,127750,127751],{"href":124195},"how to replace text in a string in Python",[14,127753,65735],{},[30,127755,127756,127759,127762,127765],{},[33,127757,127758],{},"Passing the wrong suffix because of uppercase vs lowercase text",[33,127760,127761],{},"Using a list instead of a tuple for multiple endings",[33,127763,127764],{},"Checking the full string when only part of the string should be checked",[33,127766,8050,127767,44295,127769,54,127771,111224],{},[17,127768,126085],{},[17,127770,124198],{},[17,127772,41317],{},[14,127774,29790],{},[60,127776,127778],{"className":62,"code":127777,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.endswith('.csv'))\nprint(text.lower().endswith('.csv'))\nprint(type(text))\n",[17,127779,127780,127790,127804,127826,127852],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,127781,127782,127784,127786,127788],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,127783,110],{"class":109},[69,127785,113],{"class":83},[69,127787,34366],{"class":121},[69,127789,221],{"class":83},[69,127791,127792,127794,127796,127798,127800,127802],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,127793,110],{"class":109},[69,127795,113],{"class":83},[69,127797,41443],{"class":109},[69,127799,113],{"class":83},[69,127801,34366],{"class":121},[69,127803,342],{"class":83},[69,127805,127806,127808,127810,127812,127814,127816,127818,127820,127822,127824],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,127807,110],{"class":109},[69,127809,113],{"class":83},[69,127811,34366],{"class":121},[69,127813,25],{"class":83},[69,127815,126133],{"class":121},[69,127817,113],{"class":83},[69,127819,488],{"class":94},[69,127821,126140],{"class":336},[69,127823,488],{"class":94},[69,127825,342],{"class":83},[69,127827,127828,127830,127832,127834,127836,127838,127840,127842,127844,127846,127848,127850],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,127829,110],{"class":109},[69,127831,113],{"class":83},[69,127833,34366],{"class":121},[69,127835,25],{"class":83},[69,127837,8274],{"class":121},[69,127839,8271],{"class":83},[69,127841,126133],{"class":121},[69,127843,113],{"class":83},[69,127845,488],{"class":94},[69,127847,126140],{"class":336},[69,127849,488],{"class":94},[69,127851,342],{"class":83},[69,127853,127854,127856,127858,127860,127862,127864],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,127855,110],{"class":109},[69,127857,113],{"class":83},[69,127859,3087],{"class":1126},[69,127861,113],{"class":83},[69,127863,34366],{"class":121},[69,127865,342],{"class":83},[141,127867,1651],{"id":1650},[1369,127869,12347,127871,127873],{"id":127870},"does-endswith-change-the-string",[17,127872,126085],{}," change the string?",[14,127875,127876,127877,54,127879,25],{},"No. It only checks the ending and returns ",[17,127878,53],{},[17,127880,57],{},[1369,127882,4996,127884,127886],{"id":127883},"can-endswith-check-more-than-one-ending",[17,127885,126085],{}," check more than one ending?",[14,127888,127889,127890,25],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of suffixes, such as ",[17,127891,127892],{},"(\".jpg\", \".png\")",[1369,127894,14549,127896,124363],{"id":127895},"is-endswith-case-sensitive",[17,127897,126085],{},[14,127899,127900,127901,54,127903,127906],{},"Yes. Use ",[17,127902,123757],{},[17,127904,127905],{},"upper()"," first if you want a case-insensitive check.",[1369,127908,5006,127910,587,127912,2359],{"id":127909},"what-is-the-difference-between-endswith-and-find",[17,127911,126085],{},[17,127913,124022],{},[14,127915,127916,127918,127919,127921],{},[17,127917,126085],{}," only checks the end of the string. ",[17,127920,124022],{}," searches for text anywhere in the string.",[141,127923,1771],{"id":1770},[30,127925,127926,127932,127938,127942,127946],{},[33,127927,127928],{},[192,127929,126027,127930,10379],{"href":127392},[17,127931,127395],{},[33,127933,127934],{},[192,127935,126027,127936,10379],{"href":123754},[17,127937,123757],{},[33,127939,127940],{},[192,127941,124426],{"href":123282},[33,127943,127944],{},[192,127945,124433],{"href":124195},[33,127947,127948],{},[192,127949,124782],{"href":50643},[1802,127951,127952],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":127954},[127955,127956,127958,127959,127964,127965,127971,127972,127973,127981,127991],{"id":1869,"depth":106,"text":1870},{"id":126193,"depth":106,"text":127957},"What endswith() does",{"id":2023,"depth":106,"text":2024},{"id":126408,"depth":106,"text":126409,"children":127960},[127961,127962,127963],{"id":126322,"depth":300,"text":126322},{"id":35732,"depth":300,"text":35732},{"id":52329,"depth":300,"text":52329},{"id":17066,"depth":106,"text":17067},{"id":126821,"depth":106,"text":126822,"children":127966},[127967,127968,127969,127970],{"id":126825,"depth":300,"text":126826},{"id":126879,"depth":300,"text":126880},{"id":126936,"depth":300,"text":126937},{"id":126990,"depth":300,"text":126991},{"id":123673,"depth":106,"text":123674},{"id":127224,"depth":106,"text":127225},{"id":2697,"depth":106,"text":2698,"children":127974},[127975,127976,127977,127979],{"id":127404,"depth":300,"text":127405},{"id":127482,"depth":300,"text":127483},{"id":127579,"depth":300,"text":127978},"Confusing endswith() with in",{"id":127667,"depth":300,"text":127980},"Expecting endswith() to remove the suffix",{"id":1650,"depth":106,"text":1651,"children":127982},[127983,127985,127987,127989],{"id":127870,"depth":300,"text":127984},"Does endswith() change the string?",{"id":127883,"depth":300,"text":127986},"Can endswith() check more than one ending?",{"id":127895,"depth":300,"text":127988},"Is endswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":127909,"depth":300,"text":127990},"What is the difference between endswith() and find()?",{"id":1770,"depth":106,"text":1771},"Master python string endswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method",{"title":126077,"description":127992},"reference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method","jmT6sZS8GCE7qxlLXjoIsllvV_eO0eIaQJVm97pUvDY",{"id":127999,"title":128000,"body":128001,"description":129669,"extension":1828,"meta":129670,"navigation":833,"path":129671,"seo":129672,"stem":129673,"__hash__":129674},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method.md","Python String find() Method",{"type":7,"value":128002,"toc":129642},[128003,128008,128013,128018,128023,128116,128126,128131,128136,128151,128153,128235,128243,128245,128247,128274,128276,128292,128299,128301,128409,128411,128416,128432,128434,128529,128537,128540,128546,128551,128556,128563,128702,128705,128718,128720,128724,128731,128801,128804,128853,128860,128867,128881,128886,128891,128937,128983,128999,129001,129006,129020,129023,129145,129150,129152,129157,129190,129193,129269,129271,129280,129294,129297,129381,129384,129495,129498,129526,129528,129535,129539,129545,129548,129554,129557,129564,129575,129581,129588,129590,129639],[10,128004,123027,128006,10962],{"id":128005},"python-string-find-method",[17,128007,124022],{},[14,128009,123032,128010,128012],{},[17,128011,124022],{}," method searches for a substring inside a string.",[14,128014,128015,128016,25],{},"It returns the index of the first match. If the text is not found, it returns ",[17,128017,65526],{},[14,128019,132,128020,128022],{},[17,128021,124022],{}," when you want the position of some text and it is normal for that text to be missing.",[60,128024,128026],{"className":62,"code":128025,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.find(\"world\")\nprint(position)   # 6\n\nmissing = text.find(\"python\")\nprint(missing)    # -1\n",[17,128027,128028,128040,128063,128076,128080,128103],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,128029,128030,128032,128034,128036,128038],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,128031,34345],{"class":75},[69,128033,80],{"class":79},[69,128035,964],{"class":94},[69,128037,60077],{"class":336},[69,128039,3224],{"class":94},[69,128041,128042,128044,128046,128048,128050,128053,128055,128057,128059,128061],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,128043,64591],{"class":75},[69,128045,80],{"class":79},[69,128047,42506],{"class":75},[69,128049,25],{"class":83},[69,128051,128052],{"class":121},"find",[69,128054,113],{"class":83},[69,128056,333],{"class":94},[69,128058,60262],{"class":336},[69,128060,333],{"class":94},[69,128062,221],{"class":83},[69,128064,128065,128067,128069,128071,128073],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,128066,110],{"class":109},[69,128068,113],{"class":83},[69,128070,64618],{"class":121},[69,128072,3525],{"class":83},[69,128074,128075],{"class":128},"   # 6\n",[69,128077,128078],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,128079,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,128081,128082,128085,128087,128089,128091,128093,128095,128097,128099,128101],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,128083,128084],{"class":75},"missing ",[69,128086,80],{"class":79},[69,128088,42506],{"class":75},[69,128090,25],{"class":83},[69,128092,128052],{"class":121},[69,128094,113],{"class":83},[69,128096,333],{"class":94},[69,128098,64],{"class":336},[69,128100,333],{"class":94},[69,128102,221],{"class":83},[69,128104,128105,128107,128109,128111,128113],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,128106,110],{"class":109},[69,128108,113],{"class":83},[69,128110,26426],{"class":121},[69,128112,3525],{"class":83},[69,128114,128115],{"class":128},"    # -1\n",[43245,128117,128118],{},[14,128119,132,128120,128122,128123,128125],{},[17,128121,124022],{}," when you want the position of a substring. It returns ",[17,128124,65526],{}," if the substring is not found.",[141,128127,3540,128129,3543],{"id":128128},"what-find-does",[17,128130,124022],{},[14,128132,128133,128135],{},[17,128134,124022],{}," is a string method that:",[30,128137,128138,128141,128144,128149],{},[33,128139,128140],{},"Searches a string for a substring",[33,128142,128143],{},"Returns the index of the first match",[33,128145,11064,128146,128148],{},[17,128147,65526],{}," if no match is found",[33,128150,126213],{},[14,128152,2076],{},[60,128154,128156],{"className":62,"code":128155,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"na\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))    # -1\nprint(text)              # banana\n",[17,128157,128158,128170,128174,128198,128222],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,128159,128160,128162,128164,128166,128168],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,128161,34345],{"class":75},[69,128163,80],{"class":79},[69,128165,964],{"class":94},[69,128167,967],{"class":336},[69,128169,3224],{"class":94},[69,128171,128172],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,128173,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,128175,128176,128178,128180,128182,128184,128186,128188,128190,128192,128194,128196],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,128177,110],{"class":109},[69,128179,113],{"class":83},[69,128181,34366],{"class":121},[69,128183,25],{"class":83},[69,128185,128052],{"class":121},[69,128187,113],{"class":83},[69,128189,333],{"class":94},[69,128191,123120],{"class":336},[69,128193,333],{"class":94},[69,128195,125],{"class":83},[69,128197,57315],{"class":128},[69,128199,128200,128202,128204,128206,128208,128210,128212,128214,128216,128218,128220],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,128201,110],{"class":109},[69,128203,113],{"class":83},[69,128205,34366],{"class":121},[69,128207,25],{"class":83},[69,128209,128052],{"class":121},[69,128211,113],{"class":83},[69,128213,333],{"class":94},[69,128215,2041],{"class":336},[69,128217,333],{"class":94},[69,128219,125],{"class":83},[69,128221,128115],{"class":128},[69,128223,128224,128226,128228,128230,128232],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,128225,110],{"class":109},[69,128227,113],{"class":83},[69,128229,34366],{"class":121},[69,128231,3525],{"class":83},[69,128233,128234],{"class":128},"              # banana\n",[14,128236,20421,128237,128240,128241,25],{},[17,128238,128239],{},"\"na\""," first appears at index ",[17,128242,821],{},[141,128244,2024],{"id":2023},[14,128246,2027],{},[60,128248,128250],{"className":62,"code":128249,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"string.find(value, start, end)\n",[17,128251,128252],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,128253,128254,128256,128258,128260,128262,128264,128266,128268,128270,128272],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,128255,60845],{"class":75},[69,128257,25],{"class":83},[69,128259,128052],{"class":121},[69,128261,113],{"class":83},[69,128263,2339],{"class":121},[69,128265,91],{"class":83},[69,128267,35711],{"class":121},[69,128269,91],{"class":83},[69,128271,64712],{"class":121},[69,128273,221],{"class":83},[1369,128275,17043],{"id":17042},[30,128277,128278,128282,128287],{},[33,128279,128280,123219],{},[17,128281,2339],{},[33,128283,128284,128286],{},[17,128285,35732],{},": optional starting position",[33,128288,128289,128291],{},[17,128290,52329],{},": optional ending position",[14,128293,128294,587,128296,128298],{},[17,128295,35732],{},[17,128297,52329],{}," let you search only part of the string.",[14,128300,126356],{},[60,128302,128304],{"className":62,"code":128303,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"o\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5))     # 7\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5, 7))  # -1\n",[17,128305,128306,128318,128322,128347,128376],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,128307,128308,128310,128312,128314,128316],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,128309,34345],{"class":75},[69,128311,80],{"class":79},[69,128313,964],{"class":94},[69,128315,60077],{"class":336},[69,128317,3224],{"class":94},[69,128319,128320],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,128321,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,128323,128324,128326,128328,128330,128332,128334,128336,128338,128340,128342,128344],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,128325,110],{"class":109},[69,128327,113],{"class":83},[69,128329,34366],{"class":121},[69,128331,25],{"class":83},[69,128333,128052],{"class":121},[69,128335,113],{"class":83},[69,128337,333],{"class":94},[69,128339,60144],{"class":336},[69,128341,333],{"class":94},[69,128343,125],{"class":83},[69,128345,128346],{"class":128},"        # 4\n",[69,128348,128349,128351,128353,128355,128357,128359,128361,128363,128365,128367,128369,128371,128373],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,128350,110],{"class":109},[69,128352,113],{"class":83},[69,128354,34366],{"class":121},[69,128356,25],{"class":83},[69,128358,128052],{"class":121},[69,128360,113],{"class":83},[69,128362,333],{"class":94},[69,128364,60144],{"class":336},[69,128366,333],{"class":94},[69,128368,91],{"class":83},[69,128370,100],{"class":87},[69,128372,125],{"class":83},[69,128374,128375],{"class":128},"     # 7\n",[69,128377,128378,128380,128382,128384,128386,128388,128390,128392,128394,128396,128398,128400,128402,128404,128406],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,128379,110],{"class":109},[69,128381,113],{"class":83},[69,128383,34366],{"class":121},[69,128385,25],{"class":83},[69,128387,128052],{"class":121},[69,128389,113],{"class":83},[69,128391,333],{"class":94},[69,128393,60144],{"class":336},[69,128395,333],{"class":94},[69,128397,91],{"class":83},[69,128399,100],{"class":87},[69,128401,91],{"class":83},[69,128403,813],{"class":87},[69,128405,125],{"class":83},[69,128407,128408],{"class":128},"  # -1\n",[141,128410,37682],{"id":37681},[14,128412,57214,128413,128415],{},[17,128414,124022],{}," is always an integer.",[30,128417,128418,128424,128427],{},[33,128419,128420,128421,128423],{},"A number ",[17,128422,88],{}," or greater means the substring was found",[33,128425,128426],{},"The number is the starting position of the match",[33,128428,128429,128431],{},[17,128430,65526],{}," means the substring was not found",[14,128433,2076],{},[60,128435,128437],{"className":62,"code":128436,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"python\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"py\"))   # 0\nprint(text.find(\"th\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))    # -1\n",[17,128438,128439,128451,128455,128480,128505],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,128440,128441,128443,128445,128447,128449],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,128442,34345],{"class":75},[69,128444,80],{"class":79},[69,128446,964],{"class":94},[69,128448,64],{"class":336},[69,128450,3224],{"class":94},[69,128452,128453],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,128454,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,128456,128457,128459,128461,128463,128465,128467,128469,128471,128474,128476,128478],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,128458,110],{"class":109},[69,128460,113],{"class":83},[69,128462,34366],{"class":121},[69,128464,25],{"class":83},[69,128466,128052],{"class":121},[69,128468,113],{"class":83},[69,128470,333],{"class":94},[69,128472,128473],{"class":336},"py",[69,128475,333],{"class":94},[69,128477,125],{"class":83},[69,128479,20418],{"class":128},[69,128481,128482,128484,128486,128488,128490,128492,128494,128496,128499,128501,128503],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,128483,110],{"class":109},[69,128485,113],{"class":83},[69,128487,34366],{"class":121},[69,128489,25],{"class":83},[69,128491,128052],{"class":121},[69,128493,113],{"class":83},[69,128495,333],{"class":94},[69,128497,128498],{"class":336},"th",[69,128500,333],{"class":94},[69,128502,125],{"class":83},[69,128504,57315],{"class":128},[69,128506,128507,128509,128511,128513,128515,128517,128519,128521,128523,128525,128527],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,128508,110],{"class":109},[69,128510,113],{"class":83},[69,128512,34366],{"class":121},[69,128514,25],{"class":83},[69,128516,128052],{"class":121},[69,128518,113],{"class":83},[69,128520,333],{"class":94},[69,128522,21728],{"class":336},[69,128524,333],{"class":94},[69,128526,125],{"class":83},[69,128528,128115],{"class":128},[14,128530,89582,128531,8089,128533,54,128535,25],{},[17,128532,124022],{},[17,128534,53],{},[17,128536,57],{},[14,128538,128539],{},"It does not return a Boolean value. It returns the position of the match.",[141,128541,8050,128542,587,128544],{"id":65078},[17,128543,35732],{},[17,128545,52329],{},[14,128547,132,128548,128550],{},[17,128549,35732],{}," to skip the earlier part of a string.",[14,128552,132,128553,128555],{},[17,128554,52329],{}," to stop searching before a certain position.",[14,128557,1845,128558,75134,128560,128562],{},[17,128559,52329],{},[22,128561,64741],{}," in the search.",[60,128564,128566],{"className":62,"code":128565,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"one two three two\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"two\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 5))     # 14\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 7))  # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 4))  # -1\n",[17,128567,128568,128581,128585,128609,128638,128670],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,128569,128570,128572,128574,128576,128579],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,128571,34345],{"class":75},[69,128573,80],{"class":79},[69,128575,964],{"class":94},[69,128577,128578],{"class":336},"one two three two",[69,128580,3224],{"class":94},[69,128582,128583],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,128584,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,128586,128587,128589,128591,128593,128595,128597,128599,128601,128603,128605,128607],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,128588,110],{"class":109},[69,128590,113],{"class":83},[69,128592,34366],{"class":121},[69,128594,25],{"class":83},[69,128596,128052],{"class":121},[69,128598,113],{"class":83},[69,128600,333],{"class":94},[69,128602,78943],{"class":336},[69,128604,333],{"class":94},[69,128606,125],{"class":83},[69,128608,128346],{"class":128},[69,128610,128611,128613,128615,128617,128619,128621,128623,128625,128627,128629,128631,128633,128635],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,128612,110],{"class":109},[69,128614,113],{"class":83},[69,128616,34366],{"class":121},[69,128618,25],{"class":83},[69,128620,128052],{"class":121},[69,128622,113],{"class":83},[69,128624,333],{"class":94},[69,128626,78943],{"class":336},[69,128628,333],{"class":94},[69,128630,91],{"class":83},[69,128632,100],{"class":87},[69,128634,125],{"class":83},[69,128636,128637],{"class":128},"     # 14\n",[69,128639,128640,128642,128644,128646,128648,128650,128652,128654,128656,128658,128660,128662,128664,128666,128668],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,128641,110],{"class":109},[69,128643,113],{"class":83},[69,128645,34366],{"class":121},[69,128647,25],{"class":83},[69,128649,128052],{"class":121},[69,128651,113],{"class":83},[69,128653,333],{"class":94},[69,128655,78943],{"class":336},[69,128657,333],{"class":94},[69,128659,91],{"class":83},[69,128661,267],{"class":87},[69,128663,91],{"class":83},[69,128665,813],{"class":87},[69,128667,125],{"class":83},[69,128669,50603],{"class":128},[69,128671,128672,128674,128676,128678,128680,128682,128684,128686,128688,128690,128692,128694,128696,128698,128700],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,128673,110],{"class":109},[69,128675,113],{"class":83},[69,128677,34366],{"class":121},[69,128679,25],{"class":83},[69,128681,128052],{"class":121},[69,128683,113],{"class":83},[69,128685,333],{"class":94},[69,128687,78943],{"class":336},[69,128689,333],{"class":94},[69,128691,91],{"class":83},[69,128693,267],{"class":87},[69,128695,91],{"class":83},[69,128697,2323],{"class":87},[69,128699,125],{"class":83},[69,128701,128408],{"class":128},[14,128703,128704],{},"This is useful when you only want to search inside part of a string before slicing or processing it further.",[14,128706,128707,128708,54738,128712,25],{},"If you want to split text after finding a separator, see ",[192,128709,128711],{"href":128710},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to split a string in Python",[192,128713,128715,128717],{"href":128714},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method\u002F",[17,128716,60202],{}," string method",[141,128719,123674],{"id":123673},[14,128721,128722,123485],{},[17,128723,124022],{},[14,128725,127072,128726,587,128728,128730],{},[17,128727,90090],{},[17,128729,64206],{}," are treated as different text.",[60,128732,128734],{"className":62,"code":128733,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"Hello\"))  # 0\nprint(text.find(\"hello\"))  # -1\n",[17,128735,128736,128749,128753,128777],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,128737,128738,128740,128742,128744,128747],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,128739,34345],{"class":75},[69,128741,80],{"class":79},[69,128743,964],{"class":94},[69,128745,128746],{"class":336},"Hello World",[69,128748,3224],{"class":94},[69,128750,128751],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,128752,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,128754,128755,128757,128759,128761,128763,128765,128767,128769,128771,128773,128775],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,128756,110],{"class":109},[69,128758,113],{"class":83},[69,128760,34366],{"class":121},[69,128762,25],{"class":83},[69,128764,128052],{"class":121},[69,128766,113],{"class":83},[69,128768,333],{"class":94},[69,128770,34525],{"class":336},[69,128772,333],{"class":94},[69,128774,125],{"class":83},[69,128776,50915],{"class":128},[69,128778,128779,128781,128783,128785,128787,128789,128791,128793,128795,128797,128799],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,128780,110],{"class":109},[69,128782,113],{"class":83},[69,128784,34366],{"class":121},[69,128786,25],{"class":83},[69,128788,128052],{"class":121},[69,128790,113],{"class":83},[69,128792,333],{"class":94},[69,128794,337],{"class":336},[69,128796,333],{"class":94},[69,128798,125],{"class":83},[69,128800,128408],{"class":128},[14,128802,128803],{},"If you want a case-insensitive search, convert both values to the same case first.",[60,128805,128807],{"className":62,"code":128806,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower().find(\"hello\"))  # 0\n",[17,128808,128809,128821,128825],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,128810,128811,128813,128815,128817,128819],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,128812,34345],{"class":75},[69,128814,80],{"class":79},[69,128816,964],{"class":94},[69,128818,128746],{"class":336},[69,128820,3224],{"class":94},[69,128822,128823],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,128824,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,128826,128827,128829,128831,128833,128835,128837,128839,128841,128843,128845,128847,128849,128851],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,128828,110],{"class":109},[69,128830,113],{"class":83},[69,128832,34366],{"class":121},[69,128834,25],{"class":83},[69,128836,8274],{"class":121},[69,128838,8271],{"class":83},[69,128840,128052],{"class":121},[69,128842,113],{"class":83},[69,128844,333],{"class":94},[69,128846,337],{"class":336},[69,128848,333],{"class":94},[69,128850,125],{"class":83},[69,128852,50915],{"class":128},[141,128854,128856,10223,128858],{"id":128855},"find-vs-index",[17,128857,124022],{},[17,128859,58638],{},[14,128861,128862,587,128864,128866],{},[17,128863,124022],{},[17,128865,58638],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the substring is missing.",[30,128868,128869,128875],{},[33,128870,128871,678,128873],{},[17,128872,124022],{},[17,128874,65526],{},[33,128876,128877,52163,128879],{},[17,128878,58638],{},[17,128880,40367],{},[14,128882,132,128883,128885],{},[17,128884,124022],{}," when missing text is normal.",[14,128887,132,128888,128890],{},[17,128889,58638],{}," when the value must exist.",[60,128892,128894],{"className":62,"code":128893,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))   # -1\n",[17,128895,128896,128908,128912],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,128897,128898,128900,128902,128904,128906],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,128899,34345],{"class":75},[69,128901,80],{"class":79},[69,128903,964],{"class":94},[69,128905,337],{"class":336},[69,128907,3224],{"class":94},[69,128909,128910],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,128911,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,128913,128914,128916,128918,128920,128922,128924,128926,128928,128930,128932,128934],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,128915,110],{"class":109},[69,128917,113],{"class":83},[69,128919,34366],{"class":121},[69,128921,25],{"class":83},[69,128923,128052],{"class":121},[69,128925,113],{"class":83},[69,128927,333],{"class":94},[69,128929,2041],{"class":336},[69,128931,333],{"class":94},[69,128933,125],{"class":83},[69,128935,128936],{"class":128},"   # -1\n",[60,128938,128940],{"className":62,"code":128939,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"x\"))  # ValueError\n",[17,128941,128942,128954,128958],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,128943,128944,128946,128948,128950,128952],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,128945,34345],{"class":75},[69,128947,80],{"class":79},[69,128949,964],{"class":94},[69,128951,337],{"class":336},[69,128953,3224],{"class":94},[69,128955,128956],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,128957,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,128959,128960,128962,128964,128966,128968,128970,128972,128974,128976,128978,128980],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,128961,110],{"class":109},[69,128963,113],{"class":83},[69,128965,34366],{"class":121},[69,128967,25],{"class":83},[69,128969,35505],{"class":121},[69,128971,113],{"class":83},[69,128973,333],{"class":94},[69,128975,2041],{"class":336},[69,128977,333],{"class":94},[69,128979,125],{"class":83},[69,128981,128982],{"class":128},"  # ValueError\n",[14,128984,128985,128986,128990,128991,128993,128994,25],{},"If you want to learn the difference in more detail, see the ",[192,128987,128988,128717],{"href":124047},[17,128989,58638],{},". If your code crashes because of ",[17,128992,58638],{},", read ",[192,128995,25332,128996],{"href":73154},[17,128997,128998],{},"ValueError: substring not found",[141,129000,40709],{"id":40708},[14,129002,35064,129003,129005],{},[17,129004,124022],{}," for simple string search tasks like these:",[30,129007,129008,129011,129014,129017],{},[33,129009,129010],{},"Check whether part of a string exists",[33,129012,129013],{},"Get the position of a word",[33,129015,129016],{},"Find separators like commas, colons, or spaces",[33,129018,129019],{},"Search before slicing a string",[14,129021,129022],{},"Example: finding a colon before slicing",[60,129024,129026],{"className":62,"code":129025,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"name:Alice\"\ncolon_pos = text.find(\":\")\n\nif colon_pos != -1:\n    label = text[:colon_pos]\n    value = text[colon_pos + 1:]\n    print(label)  # name\n    print(value)  # Alice\n",[17,129027,129028,129041,129064,129068,129083,129099,129118,129132],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,129029,129030,129032,129034,129036,129039],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,129031,34345],{"class":75},[69,129033,80],{"class":79},[69,129035,964],{"class":94},[69,129037,129038],{"class":336},"name:Alice",[69,129040,3224],{"class":94},[69,129042,129043,129046,129048,129050,129052,129054,129056,129058,129060,129062],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,129044,129045],{"class":75},"colon_pos ",[69,129047,80],{"class":79},[69,129049,42506],{"class":75},[69,129051,25],{"class":83},[69,129053,128052],{"class":121},[69,129055,113],{"class":83},[69,129057,333],{"class":94},[69,129059,1044],{"class":336},[69,129061,333],{"class":94},[69,129063,221],{"class":83},[69,129065,129066],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,129067,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,129069,129070,129072,129075,129077,129079,129081],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,129071,6625],{"class":773},[69,129073,129074],{"class":75}," colon_pos ",[69,129076,72264],{"class":79},[69,129078,818],{"class":79},[69,129080,473],{"class":87},[69,129082,1235],{"class":83},[69,129084,129085,129088,129090,129092,129094,129097],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,129086,129087],{"class":75},"    label ",[69,129089,80],{"class":79},[69,129091,42506],{"class":75},[69,129093,75207],{"class":83},[69,129095,129096],{"class":75},"colon_pos",[69,129098,103],{"class":83},[69,129100,129101,129103,129105,129107,129109,129111,129113,129115],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,129102,27054],{"class":75},[69,129104,80],{"class":79},[69,129106,42506],{"class":75},[69,129108,3739],{"class":83},[69,129110,129045],{"class":75},[69,129112,1926],{"class":79},[69,129114,272],{"class":87},[69,129116,129117],{"class":83},":]\n",[69,129119,129120,129122,129124,129127,129129],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,129121,7700],{"class":109},[69,129123,113],{"class":83},[69,129125,129126],{"class":121},"label",[69,129128,3525],{"class":83},[69,129130,129131],{"class":128},"  # name\n",[69,129133,129134,129136,129138,129140,129142],{"class":71,"line":1269},[69,129135,7700],{"class":109},[69,129137,113],{"class":83},[69,129139,2339],{"class":121},[69,129141,3525],{"class":83},[69,129143,129144],{"class":128},"  # Alice\n",[14,129146,129147,129148,25],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, you may also want to read ",[192,129149,127063],{"href":123282},[141,129151,2698],{"id":2697},[14,129153,129154,129155,1044],{},"These are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[17,129156,124022],{},[30,129158,129159,129168,129174,129179,129185],{},[33,129160,8086,129161,8089,129163,54,129165,129167],{},[17,129162,124022],{},[17,129164,53],{},[17,129166,57],{}," instead of an index",[33,129169,129170,129171,129173],{},"Forgetting that the method returns ",[17,129172,65526],{}," when the substring is missing",[33,129175,8050,129176,129178],{},[17,129177,124022],{}," without handling case differences",[33,129180,36865,129181,8339,129183],{},[17,129182,124022],{},[17,129184,58638],{},[33,129186,4406,129187,129189],{},[17,129188,124022],{}," changes the string",[14,129191,129192],{},"Example of a mistake:",[60,129194,129196],{"className":62,"code":129195,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\"):\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[17,129197,129198,129210,129214,129234,129249,129255],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,129199,129200,129202,129204,129206,129208],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,129201,34345],{"class":75},[69,129203,80],{"class":79},[69,129205,964],{"class":94},[69,129207,337],{"class":336},[69,129209,3224],{"class":94},[69,129211,129212],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,129213,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,129215,129216,129218,129220,129222,129224,129226,129228,129230,129232],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,129217,6625],{"class":773},[69,129219,42506],{"class":75},[69,129221,25],{"class":83},[69,129223,128052],{"class":121},[69,129225,113],{"class":83},[69,129227,333],{"class":94},[69,129229,60109],{"class":336},[69,129231,333],{"class":94},[69,129233,7974],{"class":83},[69,129235,129236,129238,129240,129242,129245,129247],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,129237,7700],{"class":109},[69,129239,113],{"class":83},[69,129241,333],{"class":94},[69,129243,129244],{"class":336},"Found",[69,129246,333],{"class":94},[69,129248,221],{"class":83},[69,129250,129251,129253],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,129252,27087],{"class":773},[69,129254,1235],{"class":83},[69,129256,129257,129259,129261,129263,129265,129267],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,129258,7700],{"class":109},[69,129260,113],{"class":83},[69,129262,333],{"class":94},[69,129264,25968],{"class":336},[69,129266,333],{"class":94},[69,129268,221],{"class":83},[14,129270,99588],{},[60,129272,129274],{"className":62,"code":129273,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Not found\n",[17,129275,129276],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,129277,129278],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,129279,129273],{"class":75},[14,129281,45369,129282,129285,129286,16720,129288,129290,129291,129293],{},[17,129283,129284],{},"\"h\""," is found at index ",[17,129287,88],{},[17,129289,88],{}," is treated as false in an ",[17,129292,6625],{}," statement.",[14,129295,129296],{},"A safer version is:",[60,129298,129300],{"className":62,"code":129299,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\") != -1:\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[17,129301,129302,129314,129318,129347,129361,129367],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,129303,129304,129306,129308,129310,129312],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,129305,34345],{"class":75},[69,129307,80],{"class":79},[69,129309,964],{"class":94},[69,129311,337],{"class":336},[69,129313,3224],{"class":94},[69,129315,129316],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,129317,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,129319,129320,129322,129324,129326,129328,129330,129332,129334,129336,129338,129341,129343,129345],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,129321,6625],{"class":773},[69,129323,42506],{"class":75},[69,129325,25],{"class":83},[69,129327,128052],{"class":121},[69,129329,113],{"class":83},[69,129331,333],{"class":94},[69,129333,60109],{"class":336},[69,129335,333],{"class":94},[69,129337,3525],{"class":83},[69,129339,129340],{"class":79}," !=",[69,129342,818],{"class":79},[69,129344,473],{"class":87},[69,129346,1235],{"class":83},[69,129348,129349,129351,129353,129355,129357,129359],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,129350,7700],{"class":109},[69,129352,113],{"class":83},[69,129354,333],{"class":94},[69,129356,129244],{"class":336},[69,129358,333],{"class":94},[69,129360,221],{"class":83},[69,129362,129363,129365],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,129364,27087],{"class":773},[69,129366,1235],{"class":83},[69,129368,129369,129371,129373,129375,129377,129379],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,129370,7700],{"class":109},[69,129372,113],{"class":83},[69,129374,333],{"class":94},[69,129376,25968],{"class":336},[69,129378,333],{"class":94},[69,129380,221],{"class":83},[14,129382,129383],{},"You can also debug string search problems with simple checks like these:",[60,129385,129387],{"className":62,"code":129386,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(text.find('word'))\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.lower().find('word'))\nprint(len(text))\nprint(text.find('word', start, end))\n",[17,129388,129389,129411,129425,129451,129465],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,129390,129391,129393,129395,129397,129399,129401,129403,129405,129407,129409],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,129392,110],{"class":109},[69,129394,113],{"class":83},[69,129396,34366],{"class":121},[69,129398,25],{"class":83},[69,129400,128052],{"class":121},[69,129402,113],{"class":83},[69,129404,488],{"class":94},[69,129406,38053],{"class":336},[69,129408,488],{"class":94},[69,129410,342],{"class":83},[69,129412,129413,129415,129417,129419,129421,129423],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,129414,110],{"class":109},[69,129416,113],{"class":83},[69,129418,41443],{"class":109},[69,129420,113],{"class":83},[69,129422,34366],{"class":121},[69,129424,342],{"class":83},[69,129426,129427,129429,129431,129433,129435,129437,129439,129441,129443,129445,129447,129449],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,129428,110],{"class":109},[69,129430,113],{"class":83},[69,129432,34366],{"class":121},[69,129434,25],{"class":83},[69,129436,8274],{"class":121},[69,129438,8271],{"class":83},[69,129440,128052],{"class":121},[69,129442,113],{"class":83},[69,129444,488],{"class":94},[69,129446,38053],{"class":336},[69,129448,488],{"class":94},[69,129450,342],{"class":83},[69,129452,129453,129455,129457,129459,129461,129463],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,129454,110],{"class":109},[69,129456,113],{"class":83},[69,129458,10801],{"class":109},[69,129460,113],{"class":83},[69,129462,34366],{"class":121},[69,129464,342],{"class":83},[69,129466,129467,129469,129471,129473,129475,129477,129479,129481,129483,129485,129487,129489,129491,129493],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,129468,110],{"class":109},[69,129470,113],{"class":83},[69,129472,34366],{"class":121},[69,129474,25],{"class":83},[69,129476,128052],{"class":121},[69,129478,113],{"class":83},[69,129480,488],{"class":94},[69,129482,38053],{"class":336},[69,129484,488],{"class":94},[69,129486,91],{"class":83},[69,129488,35711],{"class":121},[69,129490,91],{"class":83},[69,129492,64712],{"class":121},[69,129494,342],{"class":83},[14,129496,129497],{},"These help you check:",[30,129499,129500,129505,129510,129515,129518],{},[33,129501,129502,129503],{},"The actual result from ",[17,129504,124022],{},[33,129506,129507,129508],{},"Hidden spaces or newline characters with ",[17,129509,122241],{},[33,129511,129512,129513],{},"Case differences with ",[17,129514,123757],{},[33,129516,129517],{},"The string length",[33,129519,129520,129521,587,129523,129525],{},"Whether your ",[17,129522,35732],{},[17,129524,52329],{}," values are correct",[141,129527,1651],{"id":1650},[1369,129529,129531,129532,129534],{"id":129530},"what-does-python-string-find-return-if-the-text-is-not-found","What does Python string ",[17,129533,124022],{}," return if the text is not found?",[14,129536,1658,129537,25],{},[17,129538,65526],{},[1369,129540,12347,129542,129544],{"id":129541},"does-find-return-the-first-match-or-all-matches",[17,129543,124022],{}," return the first match or all matches?",[14,129546,129547],{},"It returns the index of the first match only.",[1369,129549,129551,129552,124363],{"id":129550},"is-python-find-case-sensitive","Is Python ",[17,129553,124022],{},[14,129555,129556],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are treated as different.",[1369,129558,5006,129560,587,129562,69327],{"id":129559},"what-is-the-difference-between-find-and-index-in-python",[17,129561,124022],{},[17,129563,58638],{},[14,129565,129566,678,129568,129570,129571,52163,129573,25],{},[17,129567,124022],{},[17,129569,65526],{}," if not found, while ",[17,129572,58638],{},[17,129574,40367],{},[1369,129576,27982,129578,129580],{"id":129577},"can-i-use-find-to-search-only-part-of-a-string",[17,129579,124022],{}," to search only part of a string?",[14,129582,129583,129584,587,129586,65825],{},"Yes. Use the optional ",[17,129585,35732],{},[17,129587,52329],{},[141,129589,1771],{"id":1770},[30,129591,129592,129598,129604,129611,129617,129624,129628,129633],{},[33,129593,129594],{},[192,129595,126027,129596,10379],{"href":124047},[17,129597,58638],{},[33,129599,129600],{},[192,129601,126027,129602,10379],{"href":128714},[17,129603,60202],{},[33,129605,129606],{},[192,129607,126027,129609,10379],{"href":129608},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method\u002F",[17,129610,124198],{},[33,129612,129613],{},[192,129614,126027,129615,10379],{"href":127392},[17,129616,127395],{},[33,129618,129619],{},[192,129620,126027,129622,10379],{"href":129621},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method\u002F",[17,129623,126085],{},[33,129625,129626],{},[192,129627,124426],{"href":123282},[33,129629,129630],{},[192,129631,129632],{"href":128710},"How to split a string in Python",[33,129634,129635],{},[192,129636,25775,129637],{"href":73154},[17,129638,128998],{},[1802,129640,129641],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":129643},[129644,129646,129649,129650,129651,129652,129654,129655,129656,129668],{"id":128128,"depth":106,"text":129645},"What find() does",{"id":2023,"depth":106,"text":2024,"children":129647},[129648],{"id":17042,"depth":300,"text":17043},{"id":37681,"depth":106,"text":37682},{"id":65078,"depth":106,"text":65861},{"id":123673,"depth":106,"text":123674},{"id":128855,"depth":106,"text":129653},"find() vs index()",{"id":40708,"depth":106,"text":40709},{"id":2697,"depth":106,"text":2698},{"id":1650,"depth":106,"text":1651,"children":129657},[129658,129660,129662,129664,129666],{"id":129530,"depth":300,"text":129659},"What does Python string find() return if the text is not found?",{"id":129541,"depth":300,"text":129661},"Does find() return the first match or all matches?",{"id":129550,"depth":300,"text":129663},"Is Python find() case-sensitive?",{"id":129559,"depth":300,"text":129665},"What is the difference between find() and index() in Python?",{"id":129577,"depth":300,"text":129667},"Can I use find() to search only part of a string?",{"id":1770,"depth":106,"text":1771},"Master python string find method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method",{"title":128000,"description":129669},"reference\u002Fpython-string-find-method","_aPlkKFn8WjvuACbSbsUyVsOgHW4RFMjM8HcjwccooM",{"id":129676,"title":129677,"body":129678,"description":131604,"extension":1828,"meta":131605,"navigation":833,"path":131606,"seo":131607,"stem":131608,"__hash__":131609},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method.md","Python String format() Method",{"type":7,"value":129679,"toc":131572},[129680,129685,129690,129693,129695,129771,129775,129803,129811,129815,129820,129824,129841,129843,129910,129914,129936,129944,129946,129949,129973,129976,129990,129992,130077,130081,130093,130096,130100,130106,130156,130160,130177,130186,130189,130197,130200,130249,130253,130278,130281,130336,130340,130352,130358,130362,130368,130373,130440,130444,130470,130473,130484,130486,130553,130557,130582,130589,130593,130598,130605,130613,130615,130667,130671,130689,130691,130736,130740,130755,130758,130768,130775,130777,130781,130784,130795,130797,130857,130861,130889,130892,130898,130903,130906,130910,130954,130957,130995,130998,131006,131008,131013,131017,131020,131068,131071,131074,131130,131134,131139,131142,131191,131193,131242,131248,131253,131255,131302,131306,131319,131321,131372,131378,131381,131385,131388,131394,131399,131401,131404,131476,131479,131496,131498,131503,131506,131510,131516,131522,131529,131535,131541,131543,131569],[10,129681,123027,129683,10962],{"id":129682},"python-string-format-method",[17,129684,126030],{},[14,129686,123032,129687,129689],{},[17,129688,126030],{}," method inserts values into a string by replacing placeholders.",[14,129691,129692],{},"It is a useful way to build readable messages without joining many strings together by hand.",[141,129694,1870],{"id":1869},[60,129696,129698],{"className":62,"code":129697,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 12\n\nmessage = \"My name is {} and I am {} years old.\".format(name, age)\nprint(message)\n",[17,129699,129700,129712,129720,129724,129761],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,129701,129702,129704,129706,129708,129710],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,129703,7507],{"class":75},[69,129705,80],{"class":79},[69,129707,964],{"class":94},[69,129709,11150],{"class":336},[69,129711,3224],{"class":94},[69,129713,129714,129716,129718],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,129715,21279],{"class":75},[69,129717,80],{"class":79},[69,129719,88471],{"class":87},[69,129721,129722],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,129723,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,129725,129726,129728,129730,129732,129735,129737,129740,129742,129744,129746,129748,129751,129753,129755,129757,129759],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,129727,89679],{"class":75},[69,129729,80],{"class":79},[69,129731,964],{"class":94},[69,129733,129734],{"class":336},"My name is ",[69,129736,439],{"class":87},[69,129738,129739],{"class":336}," and I am ",[69,129741,439],{"class":87},[69,129743,122023],{"class":336},[69,129745,333],{"class":94},[69,129747,25],{"class":83},[69,129749,129750],{"class":121},"format",[69,129752,113],{"class":83},[69,129754,7297],{"class":121},[69,129756,91],{"class":83},[69,129758,8824],{"class":121},[69,129760,221],{"class":83},[69,129762,129763,129765,129767,129769],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,129764,110],{"class":109},[69,129766,113],{"class":83},[69,129768,89696],{"class":121},[69,129770,221],{"class":83},[14,129772,129773],{},[22,129774,643],{},[60,129776,129778],{"className":62,"code":129777,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"My name is Maya and I am 12 years old.\n",[17,129779,129780],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,129781,129782,129785,129787,129790,129793,129796,129799,129801],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,129783,129784],{"class":75},"My name ",[69,129786,11836],{"class":79},[69,129788,129789],{"class":75}," Maya ",[69,129791,129792],{"class":79},"and",[69,129794,129795],{"class":75}," I am ",[69,129797,129798],{"class":87},"12",[69,129800,122056],{"class":75},[69,129802,122059],{"class":83},[14,129804,132,129805,129807,129808,129810],{},[17,129806,439],{}," as placeholders, then pass values to ",[17,129809,126030],{}," in the same order.",[14,129812,124779,129813,25],{},[192,129814,124782],{"href":50643},[141,129816,12640,129818,12643],{"id":129817},"what-the-format-method-does",[17,129819,126030],{},[14,129821,1845,129822,11053],{},[17,129823,126030],{},[30,129825,129826,129829,129835,129838],{},[33,129827,129828],{},"inserts values into a string",[33,129830,129831,129832,129834],{},"replaces placeholders like ",[17,129833,439],{}," with given values",[33,129836,129837],{},"returns a new string",[33,129839,129840],{},"does not change the original string",[14,129842,2076],{},[60,129844,129846],{"className":62,"code":129845,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\nnew_text = text.format(\"Sam\")\n\nprint(new_text)\nprint(text)\n",[17,129847,129848,129862,129885,129889,129900],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,129849,129850,129852,129854,129856,129858,129860],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,129851,34345],{"class":75},[69,129853,80],{"class":79},[69,129855,964],{"class":94},[69,129857,44567],{"class":336},[69,129859,439],{"class":87},[69,129861,3224],{"class":94},[69,129863,129864,129867,129869,129871,129873,129875,129877,129879,129881,129883],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,129865,129866],{"class":75},"new_text ",[69,129868,80],{"class":79},[69,129870,42506],{"class":75},[69,129872,25],{"class":83},[69,129874,129750],{"class":121},[69,129876,113],{"class":83},[69,129878,333],{"class":94},[69,129880,7306],{"class":336},[69,129882,333],{"class":94},[69,129884,221],{"class":83},[69,129886,129887],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,129888,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,129890,129891,129893,129895,129898],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,129892,110],{"class":109},[69,129894,113],{"class":83},[69,129896,129897],{"class":121},"new_text",[69,129899,221],{"class":83},[69,129901,129902,129904,129906,129908],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,129903,110],{"class":109},[69,129905,113],{"class":83},[69,129907,34366],{"class":121},[69,129909,221],{"class":83},[14,129911,129912],{},[22,129913,643],{},[60,129915,129917],{"className":62,"code":129916,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Hello, Sam\nHello, {}\n",[17,129918,129919,129928],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,129920,129921,129923,129925],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,129922,34525],{"class":75},[69,129924,91],{"class":83},[69,129926,129927],{"class":75}," Sam\n",[69,129929,129930,129932,129934],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,129931,34525],{"class":75},[69,129933,91],{"class":83},[69,129935,9475],{"class":83},[14,129937,2152,129938,129940,129941,129943],{},[17,129939,34366],{}," stays the same. ",[17,129942,126030],{}," creates and returns a new string.",[141,129945,2024],{"id":2023},[14,129947,129948],{},"The general form is:",[60,129950,129952],{"className":62,"code":129951,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"\"text {}\".format(value)\n",[17,129953,129954],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,129955,129956,129958,129961,129963,129965,129967,129969,129971],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,129957,333],{"class":42993},[69,129959,129960],{"class":42997},"text {}",[69,129962,333],{"class":42993},[69,129964,25],{"class":83},[69,129966,129750],{"class":121},[69,129968,113],{"class":83},[69,129970,2339],{"class":121},[69,129972,221],{"class":83},[14,129974,129975],{},"Key idea:",[30,129977,129978,129984,129987],{},[33,129979,129980,129981,129983],{},"each ",[17,129982,439],{}," is a placeholder",[33,129985,129986],{},"values are inserted from left to right by default",[33,129988,129989],{},"the number of placeholders should match the values you pass",[14,129991,2076],{},[60,129993,129995],{"className":62,"code":129994,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"animal = \"cat\"\nsound = \"meow\"\n\nsentence = \"The {} says {}.\".format(animal, sound)\nprint(sentence)\n",[17,129996,129997,130010,130024,130028,130066],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,129998,129999,130002,130004,130006,130008],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,130000,130001],{"class":75},"animal ",[69,130003,80],{"class":79},[69,130005,964],{"class":94},[69,130007,36708],{"class":336},[69,130009,3224],{"class":94},[69,130011,130012,130015,130017,130019,130022],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,130013,130014],{"class":75},"sound ",[69,130016,80],{"class":79},[69,130018,964],{"class":94},[69,130020,130021],{"class":336},"meow",[69,130023,3224],{"class":94},[69,130025,130026],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,130027,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,130029,130030,130033,130035,130037,130039,130041,130044,130046,130048,130050,130052,130054,130056,130059,130061,130064],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,130031,130032],{"class":75},"sentence ",[69,130034,80],{"class":79},[69,130036,964],{"class":94},[69,130038,1845],{"class":336},[69,130040,439],{"class":87},[69,130042,130043],{"class":336}," says ",[69,130045,439],{"class":87},[69,130047,25],{"class":336},[69,130049,333],{"class":94},[69,130051,25],{"class":83},[69,130053,129750],{"class":121},[69,130055,113],{"class":83},[69,130057,130058],{"class":121},"animal",[69,130060,91],{"class":83},[69,130062,130063],{"class":121}," sound",[69,130065,221],{"class":83},[69,130067,130068,130070,130072,130075],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,130069,110],{"class":109},[69,130071,113],{"class":83},[69,130073,130074],{"class":121},"sentence",[69,130076,221],{"class":83},[14,130078,130079],{},[22,130080,643],{},[60,130082,130084],{"className":62,"code":130083,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"The cat says meow.\n",[17,130085,130086],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,130087,130088,130091],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,130089,130090],{"class":75},"The cat says meow",[69,130092,122059],{"class":83},[14,130094,130095],{},"You can print the result directly, or save it in a variable first.",[141,130097,130099],{"id":130098},"using-positional-placeholders","Using positional placeholders",[14,130101,130102,130103,130105],{},"You can use empty braces ",[17,130104,439],{}," for simple left-to-right replacement.",[60,130107,130109],{"className":62,"code":130108,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(\"I like {} and {}.\".format(\"pizza\", \"pasta\"))\n",[17,130110,130111],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,130112,130113,130115,130117,130119,130122,130124,130126,130128,130130,130132,130134,130136,130138,130140,130143,130145,130147,130149,130152,130154],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,130114,110],{"class":109},[69,130116,113],{"class":83},[69,130118,333],{"class":94},[69,130120,130121],{"class":336},"I like ",[69,130123,439],{"class":87},[69,130125,587],{"class":336},[69,130127,439],{"class":87},[69,130129,25],{"class":336},[69,130131,333],{"class":94},[69,130133,25],{"class":83},[69,130135,129750],{"class":121},[69,130137,113],{"class":83},[69,130139,333],{"class":94},[69,130141,130142],{"class":336},"pizza",[69,130144,333],{"class":94},[69,130146,91],{"class":83},[69,130148,964],{"class":94},[69,130150,130151],{"class":336},"pasta",[69,130153,333],{"class":94},[69,130155,342],{"class":83},[14,130157,130158],{},[22,130159,643],{},[60,130161,130163],{"className":62,"code":130162,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"I like pizza and pasta.\n",[17,130164,130165],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,130166,130167,130170,130172,130175],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,130168,130169],{"class":75},"I like pizza ",[69,130171,129792],{"class":79},[69,130173,130174],{"class":75}," pasta",[69,130176,122059],{"class":83},[14,130178,130179,130180,587,130183,25],{},"You can also use numbered placeholders like ",[17,130181,130182],{},"{0}",[17,130184,130185],{},"{1}",[14,130187,130188],{},"This is helpful when:",[30,130190,130191,130194],{},[33,130192,130193],{},"you want to reuse a value",[33,130195,130196],{},"you want to change the order",[14,130198,130199],{},"Example with reused values:",[60,130201,130203],{"className":62,"code":130202,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"{0} is learning Python. {0} likes coding.\".format(\"Lina\")\nprint(text)\n",[17,130204,130205,130239],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,130206,130207,130209,130211,130213,130215,130218,130220,130223,130225,130227,130229,130231,130233,130235,130237],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,130208,34345],{"class":75},[69,130210,80],{"class":79},[69,130212,964],{"class":94},[69,130214,130182],{"class":87},[69,130216,130217],{"class":336}," is learning Python. ",[69,130219,130182],{"class":87},[69,130221,130222],{"class":336}," likes coding.",[69,130224,333],{"class":94},[69,130226,25],{"class":83},[69,130228,129750],{"class":121},[69,130230,113],{"class":83},[69,130232,333],{"class":94},[69,130234,19532],{"class":336},[69,130236,333],{"class":94},[69,130238,221],{"class":83},[69,130240,130241,130243,130245,130247],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,130242,110],{"class":109},[69,130244,113],{"class":83},[69,130246,34366],{"class":121},[69,130248,221],{"class":83},[14,130250,130251],{},[22,130252,643],{},[60,130254,130256],{"className":62,"code":130255,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Lina is learning Python. Lina likes coding.\n",[17,130257,130258],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,130259,130260,130263,130265,130268,130270,130273,130276],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,130261,130262],{"class":75},"Lina ",[69,130264,11836],{"class":79},[69,130266,130267],{"class":75}," learning Python",[69,130269,25],{"class":83},[69,130271,130272],{"class":24402}," Lina",[69,130274,130275],{"class":75}," likes coding",[69,130277,122059],{"class":83},[14,130279,130280],{},"Example with changed order:",[60,130282,130284],{"className":62,"code":130283,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"{1} comes after {0}.\".format(\"one\", \"two\")\nprint(text)\n",[17,130285,130286,130326],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,130287,130288,130290,130292,130294,130296,130298,130300,130302,130304,130306,130308,130310,130312,130314,130316,130318,130320,130322,130324],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,130289,34345],{"class":75},[69,130291,80],{"class":79},[69,130293,964],{"class":94},[69,130295,130185],{"class":87},[69,130297,82998],{"class":336},[69,130299,130182],{"class":87},[69,130301,25],{"class":336},[69,130303,333],{"class":94},[69,130305,25],{"class":83},[69,130307,129750],{"class":121},[69,130309,113],{"class":83},[69,130311,333],{"class":94},[69,130313,1434],{"class":336},[69,130315,333],{"class":94},[69,130317,91],{"class":83},[69,130319,964],{"class":94},[69,130321,78943],{"class":336},[69,130323,333],{"class":94},[69,130325,221],{"class":83},[69,130327,130328,130330,130332,130334],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,130329,110],{"class":109},[69,130331,113],{"class":83},[69,130333,34366],{"class":121},[69,130335,221],{"class":83},[14,130337,130338],{},[22,130339,643],{},[60,130341,130343],{"className":62,"code":130342,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"two comes after one.\n",[17,130344,130345],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,130346,130347,130350],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,130348,130349],{"class":75},"two comes after one",[69,130351,122059],{"class":83},[14,130353,130354,130355,130357],{},"Numbered placeholders work, but for beginners, plain ",[17,130356,439],{}," is often easier to read unless you need to reuse values.",[141,130359,130361],{"id":130360},"using-named-placeholders","Using named placeholders",[14,130363,130364,130365,25],{},"Named placeholders look like ",[17,130366,130367],{},"{name}",[14,130369,130370,130371,1044],{},"You pass matching names into ",[17,130372,126030],{},[60,130374,130376],{"className":62,"code":130375,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"My name is {name} and I live in {city}.\".format(name=\"Ana\", city=\"Lima\")\nprint(text)\n",[17,130377,130378,130430],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,130379,130380,130382,130384,130386,130388,130390,130393,130396,130398,130400,130402,130404,130406,130408,130410,130412,130414,130416,130418,130420,130422,130424,130426,130428],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,130381,34345],{"class":75},[69,130383,80],{"class":79},[69,130385,964],{"class":94},[69,130387,129734],{"class":336},[69,130389,130367],{"class":87},[69,130391,130392],{"class":336}," and I live in ",[69,130394,130395],{"class":87},"{city}",[69,130397,25],{"class":336},[69,130399,333],{"class":94},[69,130401,25],{"class":83},[69,130403,129750],{"class":121},[69,130405,113],{"class":83},[69,130407,7297],{"class":8811},[69,130409,80],{"class":79},[69,130411,333],{"class":94},[69,130413,12524],{"class":336},[69,130415,333],{"class":94},[69,130417,91],{"class":83},[69,130419,31040],{"class":8811},[69,130421,80],{"class":79},[69,130423,333],{"class":94},[69,130425,15678],{"class":336},[69,130427,333],{"class":94},[69,130429,221],{"class":83},[69,130431,130432,130434,130436,130438],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,130433,110],{"class":109},[69,130435,113],{"class":83},[69,130437,34366],{"class":121},[69,130439,221],{"class":83},[14,130441,130442],{},[22,130443,643],{},[60,130445,130447],{"className":62,"code":130446,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"My name is Ana and I live in Lima.\n",[17,130448,130449],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,130450,130451,130453,130455,130458,130460,130463,130465,130468],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,130452,129784],{"class":75},[69,130454,11836],{"class":79},[69,130456,130457],{"class":75}," Ana ",[69,130459,129792],{"class":79},[69,130461,130462],{"class":75}," I live ",[69,130464,780],{"class":79},[69,130466,130467],{"class":75}," Lima",[69,130469,122059],{"class":83},[14,130471,130472],{},"Named placeholders are useful because:",[30,130474,130475,130478,130481],{},[33,130476,130477],{},"they make code easier to read",[33,130479,130480],{},"they help when a string has many values",[33,130482,130483],{},"they reduce confusion about the order",[14,130485,2076],{},[60,130487,130489],{"className":62,"code":130488,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"report = \"Student: {student}, Score: {score}\".format(student=\"Noah\", score=95)\nprint(report)\n",[17,130490,130491,130543],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,130492,130493,130496,130498,130500,130503,130506,130509,130512,130514,130516,130518,130520,130522,130524,130526,130529,130531,130533,130536,130538,130541],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,130494,130495],{"class":75},"report ",[69,130497,80],{"class":79},[69,130499,964],{"class":94},[69,130501,130502],{"class":336},"Student: ",[69,130504,130505],{"class":87},"{student}",[69,130507,130508],{"class":336},", Score: ",[69,130510,130511],{"class":87},"{score}",[69,130513,333],{"class":94},[69,130515,25],{"class":83},[69,130517,129750],{"class":121},[69,130519,113],{"class":83},[69,130521,13271],{"class":8811},[69,130523,80],{"class":79},[69,130525,333],{"class":94},[69,130527,130528],{"class":336},"Noah",[69,130530,333],{"class":94},[69,130532,91],{"class":83},[69,130534,130535],{"class":8811}," score",[69,130537,80],{"class":79},[69,130539,130540],{"class":87},"95",[69,130542,221],{"class":83},[69,130544,130545,130547,130549,130551],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,130546,110],{"class":109},[69,130548,113],{"class":83},[69,130550,127740],{"class":121},[69,130552,221],{"class":83},[14,130554,130555],{},[22,130556,643],{},[60,130558,130560],{"className":62,"code":130559,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Student: Noah, Score: 95\n",[17,130561,130562],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,130563,130564,130567,130569,130572,130574,130577,130579],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,130565,130566],{"class":75},"Student",[69,130568,1044],{"class":83},[69,130570,130571],{"class":75}," Noah",[69,130573,91],{"class":83},[69,130575,130576],{"class":75}," Score",[69,130578,1044],{"class":83},[69,130580,130581],{"class":87}," 95\n",[14,130583,130584,130585,25],{},"If you need to convert a value to text first, see ",[192,130586,3441,130587,1780],{"href":41839},[17,130588,47350],{},[141,130590,130592],{"id":130591},"formatting-numbers","Formatting numbers",[14,130594,130595,130597],{},[17,130596,126030],{}," can also control how numbers look.",[14,130599,130600,130601,130604],{},"A common example is ",[17,130602,130603],{},":.2f",", which means:",[30,130606,130607,130610],{},[33,130608,130609],{},"show the value as a floating-point number",[33,130611,130612],{},"keep 2 digits after the decimal point",[14,130614,2076],{},[60,130616,130618],{"className":62,"code":130617,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"price = 3.5\ntext = \"Price: ${:.2f}\".format(price)\nprint(text)\n",[17,130619,130620,130628,130657],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,130621,130622,130624,130626],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,130623,40050],{"class":75},[69,130625,80],{"class":79},[69,130627,48943],{"class":87},[69,130629,130630,130632,130634,130636,130639,130641,130643,130645,130647,130649,130651,130653,130655],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,130631,34345],{"class":75},[69,130633,80],{"class":79},[69,130635,964],{"class":94},[69,130637,130638],{"class":336},"Price: $",[69,130640,8914],{"class":87},[69,130642,130603],{"class":1932},[69,130644,21954],{"class":87},[69,130646,333],{"class":94},[69,130648,25],{"class":83},[69,130650,129750],{"class":121},[69,130652,113],{"class":83},[69,130654,24802],{"class":121},[69,130656,221],{"class":83},[69,130658,130659,130661,130663,130665],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,130660,110],{"class":109},[69,130662,113],{"class":83},[69,130664,34366],{"class":121},[69,130666,221],{"class":83},[14,130668,130669],{},[22,130670,643],{},[60,130672,130674],{"className":62,"code":130673,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Price: $3.50\n",[17,130675,130676],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,130677,130678,130681,130683,130686],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,130679,130680],{"class":75},"Price",[69,130682,1044],{"class":83},[69,130684,130685],{"class":37028}," $",[69,130687,130688],{"class":87},"3.50\n",[14,130690,51748],{},[60,130692,130694],{"className":62,"code":130693,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"average = 91.236\nprint(\"Average: {:.2f}\".format(average))\n",[17,130695,130696,130706],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,130697,130698,130701,130703],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,130699,130700],{"class":75},"average ",[69,130702,80],{"class":79},[69,130704,130705],{"class":87}," 91.236\n",[69,130707,130708,130710,130712,130714,130717,130719,130721,130723,130725,130727,130729,130731,130734],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,130709,110],{"class":109},[69,130711,113],{"class":83},[69,130713,333],{"class":94},[69,130715,130716],{"class":336},"Average: ",[69,130718,8914],{"class":87},[69,130720,130603],{"class":1932},[69,130722,21954],{"class":87},[69,130724,333],{"class":94},[69,130726,25],{"class":83},[69,130728,129750],{"class":121},[69,130730,113],{"class":83},[69,130732,130733],{"class":121},"average",[69,130735,342],{"class":83},[14,130737,130738],{},[22,130739,643],{},[60,130741,130743],{"className":62,"code":130742,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Average: 91.24\n",[17,130744,130745],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,130746,130747,130750,130752],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,130748,130749],{"class":75},"Average",[69,130751,1044],{"class":83},[69,130753,130754],{"class":87}," 91.24\n",[14,130756,130757],{},"This is useful for:",[30,130759,130760,130762,130765],{},[33,130761,82756],{},[33,130763,130764],{},"averages",[33,130766,130767],{},"percentages",[14,130769,130770,130771,25],{},"You can print formatted text with the ",[192,130772,3441,130773,2169],{"href":46115},[17,130774,46118],{},[141,130776,17067],{"id":17066},[14,130778,130779,92193],{},[17,130780,126030],{},[14,130782,130783],{},"That means you can:",[30,130785,130786,130789,130792],{},[33,130787,130788],{},"save it in a variable",[33,130790,130791],{},"print it directly",[33,130793,130794],{},"use it anywhere a string is needed",[14,130796,2076],{},[60,130798,130800],{"className":62,"code":130799,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"message = \"Hello, {}!\".format(\"Chris\")\nprint(message)\nprint(type(message))\n",[17,130801,130802,130833,130843],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,130803,130804,130806,130808,130810,130812,130814,130816,130818,130820,130822,130824,130826,130829,130831],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,130805,89679],{"class":75},[69,130807,80],{"class":79},[69,130809,964],{"class":94},[69,130811,44567],{"class":336},[69,130813,439],{"class":87},[69,130815,89520],{"class":336},[69,130817,333],{"class":94},[69,130819,25],{"class":83},[69,130821,129750],{"class":121},[69,130823,113],{"class":83},[69,130825,333],{"class":94},[69,130827,130828],{"class":336},"Chris",[69,130830,333],{"class":94},[69,130832,221],{"class":83},[69,130834,130835,130837,130839,130841],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,130836,110],{"class":109},[69,130838,113],{"class":83},[69,130840,89696],{"class":121},[69,130842,221],{"class":83},[69,130844,130845,130847,130849,130851,130853,130855],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,130846,110],{"class":109},[69,130848,113],{"class":83},[69,130850,3087],{"class":1126},[69,130852,113],{"class":83},[69,130854,89696],{"class":121},[69,130856,342],{"class":83},[14,130858,130859],{},[22,130860,643],{},[60,130862,130864],{"className":62,"code":130863,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Hello, Chris!\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[17,130865,130866,130875],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,130867,130868,130870,130872],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,130869,34525],{"class":75},[69,130871,91],{"class":83},[69,130873,130874],{"class":75}," Chris!\n",[69,130876,130877,130879,130881,130883,130885,130887],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,130878,852],{"class":79},[69,130880,3158],{"class":1932},[69,130882,3161],{"class":94},[69,130884,3309],{"class":336},[69,130886,488],{"class":94},[69,130888,3168],{"class":79},[14,130890,130891],{},"The original string is not changed.",[141,130893,130895,130897],{"id":130894},"format-vs-f-strings",[17,130896,126030],{}," vs f-strings",[14,130899,130900,130902],{},[17,130901,126030],{}," is a string method.",[14,130904,130905],{},"Python also has f-strings, which are another way to insert values into strings.",[14,130907,45706,130908,1044],{},[17,130909,126030],{},[60,130911,130913],{"className":62,"code":130912,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(\"Hello, {}!\".format(name))\n",[17,130914,130915,130928],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,130916,130917,130919,130921,130923,130926],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,130918,7507],{"class":75},[69,130920,80],{"class":79},[69,130922,964],{"class":94},[69,130924,130925],{"class":336},"Rita",[69,130927,3224],{"class":94},[69,130929,130930,130932,130934,130936,130938,130940,130942,130944,130946,130948,130950,130952],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,130931,110],{"class":109},[69,130933,113],{"class":83},[69,130935,333],{"class":94},[69,130937,44567],{"class":336},[69,130939,439],{"class":87},[69,130941,89520],{"class":336},[69,130943,333],{"class":94},[69,130945,25],{"class":83},[69,130947,129750],{"class":121},[69,130949,113],{"class":83},[69,130951,7297],{"class":121},[69,130953,342],{"class":83},[14,130955,130956],{},"Example with an f-string:",[60,130958,130960],{"className":62,"code":130959,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(f\"Hello, {name}!\")\n",[17,130961,130962,130974],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,130963,130964,130966,130968,130970,130972],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,130965,7507],{"class":75},[69,130967,80],{"class":79},[69,130969,964],{"class":94},[69,130971,130925],{"class":336},[69,130973,3224],{"class":94},[69,130975,130976,130978,130980,130982,130984,130986,130988,130990,130993],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,130977,110],{"class":109},[69,130979,113],{"class":83},[69,130981,21945],{"class":1932},[69,130983,43011],{"class":336},[69,130985,8914],{"class":87},[69,130987,7297],{"class":121},[69,130989,21954],{"class":87},[69,130991,130992],{"class":336},"!\"",[69,130994,221],{"class":83},[14,130996,130997],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are shorter and easier to read.",[14,130999,131000,131001,131003,131004,25],{},"This page focuses on how ",[17,131002,126030],{}," works. If you want the bigger picture, read ",[192,131005,89365],{"href":89364},[141,131007,2698],{"id":2697},[14,131009,131010,131011,25],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when using ",[17,131012,126030],{},[1369,131014,131016],{"id":131015},"using-more-placeholders-than-values","Using more placeholders than values",[14,131018,131019],{},"This causes an error because Python cannot fill every placeholder.",[60,131021,131023],{"className":62,"code":131022,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[17,131024,131025,131058],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,131026,131027,131029,131031,131033,131035,131037,131040,131042,131044,131046,131048,131050,131052,131054,131056],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,131028,34345],{"class":75},[69,131030,80],{"class":79},[69,131032,964],{"class":94},[69,131034,44567],{"class":336},[69,131036,439],{"class":87},[69,131038,131039],{"class":87}," {}",[69,131041,89520],{"class":336},[69,131043,333],{"class":94},[69,131045,25],{"class":83},[69,131047,129750],{"class":121},[69,131049,113],{"class":83},[69,131051,333],{"class":94},[69,131053,7306],{"class":336},[69,131055,333],{"class":94},[69,131057,221],{"class":83},[69,131059,131060,131062,131064,131066],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,131061,110],{"class":109},[69,131063,113],{"class":83},[69,131065,34366],{"class":121},[69,131067,221],{"class":83},[14,131069,131070],{},"You need to pass enough values for all placeholders.",[14,131072,131073],{},"Fixed version:",[60,131075,131077],{"className":62,"code":131076,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\", \"Lee\")\nprint(text)\n",[17,131078,131079,131120],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,131080,131081,131083,131085,131087,131089,131091,131093,131095,131097,131099,131101,131103,131105,131107,131109,131111,131113,131116,131118],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,131082,34345],{"class":75},[69,131084,80],{"class":79},[69,131086,964],{"class":94},[69,131088,44567],{"class":336},[69,131090,439],{"class":87},[69,131092,131039],{"class":87},[69,131094,89520],{"class":336},[69,131096,333],{"class":94},[69,131098,25],{"class":83},[69,131100,129750],{"class":121},[69,131102,113],{"class":83},[69,131104,333],{"class":94},[69,131106,7306],{"class":336},[69,131108,333],{"class":94},[69,131110,91],{"class":83},[69,131112,964],{"class":94},[69,131114,131115],{"class":336},"Lee",[69,131117,333],{"class":94},[69,131119,221],{"class":83},[69,131121,131122,131124,131126,131128],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,131123,110],{"class":109},[69,131125,113],{"class":83},[69,131127,34366],{"class":121},[69,131129,221],{"class":83},[1369,131131,131133],{"id":131132},"using-the-wrong-placeholder-name","Using the wrong placeholder name",[14,131135,131136,131137,25],{},"The name inside the braces must match the name passed to ",[17,131138,126030],{},[14,131140,131141],{},"Problem:",[60,131143,131145],{"className":62,"code":131144,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(username=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[17,131146,131147,131181],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,131148,131149,131151,131153,131155,131157,131159,131161,131163,131165,131167,131169,131171,131173,131175,131177,131179],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,131150,34345],{"class":75},[69,131152,80],{"class":79},[69,131154,964],{"class":94},[69,131156,44567],{"class":336},[69,131158,130367],{"class":87},[69,131160,89520],{"class":336},[69,131162,333],{"class":94},[69,131164,25],{"class":83},[69,131166,129750],{"class":121},[69,131168,113],{"class":83},[69,131170,7616],{"class":8811},[69,131172,80],{"class":79},[69,131174,333],{"class":94},[69,131176,7306],{"class":336},[69,131178,333],{"class":94},[69,131180,221],{"class":83},[69,131182,131183,131185,131187,131189],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,131184,110],{"class":109},[69,131186,113],{"class":83},[69,131188,34366],{"class":121},[69,131190,221],{"class":83},[14,131192,131073],{},[60,131194,131196],{"className":62,"code":131195,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(name=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[17,131197,131198,131232],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,131199,131200,131202,131204,131206,131208,131210,131212,131214,131216,131218,131220,131222,131224,131226,131228,131230],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,131201,34345],{"class":75},[69,131203,80],{"class":79},[69,131205,964],{"class":94},[69,131207,44567],{"class":336},[69,131209,130367],{"class":87},[69,131211,89520],{"class":336},[69,131213,333],{"class":94},[69,131215,25],{"class":83},[69,131217,129750],{"class":121},[69,131219,113],{"class":83},[69,131221,7297],{"class":8811},[69,131223,80],{"class":79},[69,131225,333],{"class":94},[69,131227,7306],{"class":336},[69,131229,333],{"class":94},[69,131231,221],{"class":83},[69,131233,131234,131236,131238,131240],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,131235,110],{"class":109},[69,131237,113],{"class":83},[69,131239,34366],{"class":121},[69,131241,221],{"class":83},[1369,131243,8086,131245,131247],{"id":131244},"expecting-format-to-change-the-original-string",[17,131246,126030],{}," to change the original string",[14,131249,131250,131252],{},[17,131251,126030],{}," does not modify the original string.",[14,131254,131141],{},[60,131256,131258],{"className":62,"code":131257,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[17,131259,131260,131274,131292],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,131261,131262,131264,131266,131268,131270,131272],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,131263,34345],{"class":75},[69,131265,80],{"class":79},[69,131267,964],{"class":94},[69,131269,44567],{"class":336},[69,131271,439],{"class":87},[69,131273,3224],{"class":94},[69,131275,131276,131278,131280,131282,131284,131286,131288,131290],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,131277,34366],{"class":75},[69,131279,25],{"class":83},[69,131281,129750],{"class":121},[69,131283,113],{"class":83},[69,131285,333],{"class":94},[69,131287,7306],{"class":336},[69,131289,333],{"class":94},[69,131291,221],{"class":83},[69,131293,131294,131296,131298,131300],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,131295,110],{"class":109},[69,131297,113],{"class":83},[69,131299,34366],{"class":121},[69,131301,221],{"class":83},[14,131303,131304],{},[22,131305,643],{},[60,131307,131309],{"className":62,"code":131308,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Hello, {}\n",[17,131310,131311],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,131312,131313,131315,131317],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,131314,34525],{"class":75},[69,131316,91],{"class":83},[69,131318,9475],{"class":83},[14,131320,131073],{},[60,131322,131324],{"className":62,"code":131323,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext = text.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[17,131325,131326,131340,131362],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,131327,131328,131330,131332,131334,131336,131338],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,131329,34345],{"class":75},[69,131331,80],{"class":79},[69,131333,964],{"class":94},[69,131335,44567],{"class":336},[69,131337,439],{"class":87},[69,131339,3224],{"class":94},[69,131341,131342,131344,131346,131348,131350,131352,131354,131356,131358,131360],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,131343,34345],{"class":75},[69,131345,80],{"class":79},[69,131347,42506],{"class":75},[69,131349,25],{"class":83},[69,131351,129750],{"class":121},[69,131353,113],{"class":83},[69,131355,333],{"class":94},[69,131357,7306],{"class":336},[69,131359,333],{"class":94},[69,131361,221],{"class":83},[69,131363,131364,131366,131368,131370],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,131365,110],{"class":109},[69,131367,113],{"class":83},[69,131369,34366],{"class":121},[69,131371,221],{"class":83},[1369,131373,4530,131375,131377],{"id":131374},"forgetting-that-format-returns-a-new-string",[17,131376,126030],{}," returns a new string",[14,131379,131380],{},"This is similar to the problem above. Always store the result if you need to use it later.",[1369,131382,131384],{"id":131383},"mixing-placeholder-indexes-in-a-confusing-way","Mixing placeholder indexes in a confusing way",[14,131386,131387],{},"Numbered placeholders can be useful, but too much mixing can make the string harder to understand.",[14,131389,131390,131391,131393],{},"Use simple ",[17,131392,439],{}," or named placeholders when possible.",[14,131395,131396,131397,25],{},"If you are trying to join strings and numbers directly, you may also see ",[192,131398,90078],{"href":90077},[141,131400,67567],{"id":67566},[14,131402,131403],{},"These simple lines can help you test what is happening:",[60,131405,131407],{"className":62,"code":131406,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(text)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(\"Hello {}\".format(\"Sam\"))\nhelp(str.format)\n",[17,131408,131409,131419,131433,131462],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,131410,131411,131413,131415,131417],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,131412,110],{"class":109},[69,131414,113],{"class":83},[69,131416,34366],{"class":121},[69,131418,221],{"class":83},[69,131420,131421,131423,131425,131427,131429,131431],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,131422,110],{"class":109},[69,131424,113],{"class":83},[69,131426,3087],{"class":1126},[69,131428,113],{"class":83},[69,131430,2339],{"class":121},[69,131432,342],{"class":83},[69,131434,131435,131437,131439,131441,131444,131446,131448,131450,131452,131454,131456,131458,131460],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,131436,110],{"class":109},[69,131438,113],{"class":83},[69,131440,333],{"class":94},[69,131442,131443],{"class":336},"Hello ",[69,131445,439],{"class":87},[69,131447,333],{"class":94},[69,131449,25],{"class":83},[69,131451,129750],{"class":121},[69,131453,113],{"class":83},[69,131455,333],{"class":94},[69,131457,7306],{"class":336},[69,131459,333],{"class":94},[69,131461,342],{"class":83},[69,131463,131464,131466,131468,131470,131472,131474],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,131465,31808],{"class":109},[69,131467,113],{"class":83},[69,131469,3309],{"class":1126},[69,131471,25],{"class":83},[69,131473,129750],{"class":24402},[69,131475,221],{"class":83},[14,131477,131478],{},"Use them to check:",[30,131480,131481,131484,131487,131490],{},[33,131482,131483],{},"what your string looks like before and after formatting",[33,131485,131486],{},"what type your value has",[33,131488,131489],{},"whether a small test example works",[33,131491,131492,131493],{},"Python’s built-in help for ",[17,131494,131495],{},"str.format",[141,131497,1651],{"id":1650},[1369,131499,129531,131501,12359],{"id":131500},"what-does-python-string-format-return",[17,131502,126030],{},[14,131504,131505],{},"It returns a new string with the placeholders replaced.",[1369,131507,131509],{"id":131508},"do-i-need-to-use-numbers-inside-the-braces","Do I need to use numbers inside the braces?",[14,131511,131512,131513,131515],{},"No. You can use plain ",[17,131514,439],{}," for simple cases, or numbered and named placeholders when needed.",[1369,131517,131519,131520,2359],{"id":131518},"can-i-format-numbers-with-format","Can I format numbers with ",[17,131521,126030],{},[14,131523,131524,131525,131528],{},"Yes. A common example is ",[17,131526,131527],{},"\"{:.2f}\""," to show 2 decimal places.",[1369,131530,14549,131532,131534],{"id":131531},"is-format-better-than-f-strings",[17,131533,126030],{}," better than f-strings?",[14,131536,131537,131538,131540],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are easier to read, but ",[17,131539,126030],{}," is still useful and common.",[141,131542,1771],{"id":1770},[30,131544,131545,131549,131553,131559,131565],{},[33,131546,131547],{},[192,131548,124782],{"href":50643},[33,131550,131551],{},[192,131552,90355],{"href":89364},[33,131554,131555],{},[192,131556,3441,131557,1780],{"href":46115},[17,131558,46118],{},[33,131560,131561],{},[192,131562,3441,131563,1780],{"href":41839},[17,131564,47350],{},[33,131566,131567],{},[192,131568,90078],{"href":90077},[1802,131570,131571],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":131573},[131574,131575,131577,131578,131579,131580,131581,131582,131584,131593,131594,131603],{"id":1869,"depth":106,"text":1870},{"id":129817,"depth":106,"text":131576},"What the format() method does",{"id":2023,"depth":106,"text":2024},{"id":130098,"depth":106,"text":130099},{"id":130360,"depth":106,"text":130361},{"id":130591,"depth":106,"text":130592},{"id":17066,"depth":106,"text":17067},{"id":130894,"depth":106,"text":131583},"format() vs f-strings",{"id":2697,"depth":106,"text":2698,"children":131585},[131586,131587,131588,131590,131592],{"id":131015,"depth":300,"text":131016},{"id":131132,"depth":300,"text":131133},{"id":131244,"depth":300,"text":131589},"Expecting format() to change the original string",{"id":131374,"depth":300,"text":131591},"Forgetting that format() returns a new string",{"id":131383,"depth":300,"text":131384},{"id":67566,"depth":106,"text":67567},{"id":1650,"depth":106,"text":1651,"children":131595},[131596,131598,131599,131601],{"id":131500,"depth":300,"text":131597},"What does Python string format() return?",{"id":131508,"depth":300,"text":131509},{"id":131518,"depth":300,"text":131600},"Can I format numbers with format()?",{"id":131531,"depth":300,"text":131602},"Is format() better than f-strings?",{"id":1770,"depth":106,"text":1771},"Master python string format method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method",{"title":129677,"description":131604},"reference\u002Fpython-string-format-method","3OFzHK3_StgzrEcYSZF3SLkvZkvBMBNZ1KeFd0x5PgM",{"id":131611,"title":131612,"body":131613,"description":133093,"extension":1828,"meta":133094,"navigation":833,"path":133095,"seo":133096,"stem":133097,"__hash__":133098},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method.md","Python String index() Method",{"type":7,"value":131614,"toc":133065},[131615,131620,131625,131630,131632,131694,131701,131707,131712,131714,131730,131732,131803,131805,131819,131822,131872,131874,131876,131903,131906,131921,131924,131965,131968,132013,132020,132069,132071,132079,132081,132099,132101,132194,132202,132243,132248,132255,132261,132268,132271,132275,132376,132378,132400,132404,132457,132460,132463,132469,132476,132478,132517,132519,132537,132547,132554,132637,132640,132647,132654,132661,132665,132673,132719,132723,132732,132797,132802,132807,132818,132820,132825,132852,132854,132957,132960,132980,132982,132987,132990,132994,132998,133005,133014,133020,133023,133029,133031,133033,133062],[10,131616,123027,131618,10962],{"id":131617},"python-string-index-method",[17,131619,58638],{},[14,131621,123032,131622,131624],{},[17,131623,58638],{}," method returns the position of the first match inside a string.",[14,131626,131627,131628,25],{},"Use it when you want to find where a character or substring appears, and you expect that value to be present. If Python cannot find the value, it raises a ",[17,131629,40367],{},[141,131631,1870],{"id":1869},[60,131633,131635],{"className":62,"code":131634,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.index(\"world\")\nprint(position)\n\n# Output:\n# 6\n",[17,131636,131637,131649,131671,131681,131685,131689],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,131638,131639,131641,131643,131645,131647],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,131640,34345],{"class":75},[69,131642,80],{"class":79},[69,131644,964],{"class":94},[69,131646,60077],{"class":336},[69,131648,3224],{"class":94},[69,131650,131651,131653,131655,131657,131659,131661,131663,131665,131667,131669],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,131652,64591],{"class":75},[69,131654,80],{"class":79},[69,131656,42506],{"class":75},[69,131658,25],{"class":83},[69,131660,35505],{"class":121},[69,131662,113],{"class":83},[69,131664,333],{"class":94},[69,131666,60262],{"class":336},[69,131668,333],{"class":94},[69,131670,221],{"class":83},[69,131672,131673,131675,131677,131679],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,131674,110],{"class":109},[69,131676,113],{"class":83},[69,131678,64618],{"class":121},[69,131680,221],{"class":83},[69,131682,131683],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,131684,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,131686,131687],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,131688,90496],{"class":128},[69,131690,131691],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,131692,131693],{"class":128},"# 6\n",[14,131695,132,131696,131698,131699,25],{},[17,131697,58638],{}," when you want the position of a substring and expect it to exist. If the value is missing, Python raises a ",[17,131700,40367],{},[141,131702,3540,131704,3543],{"id":131703},"what-strindex-does",[17,131705,131706],{},"str.index()",[14,131708,131709,131711],{},[17,131710,131706],{}," searches a string and gives back the position of the first match.",[14,131713,12696],{},[30,131715,131716,131719,131722,131725],{},[33,131717,131718],{},"It returns the position of the first match in a string",[33,131720,131721],{},"It works with a single character or a longer substring",[33,131723,131724],{},"The search is case-sensitive",[33,131726,29948,131727,131729],{},[17,131728,40367],{}," if the substring is not found",[14,131731,2076],{},[60,131733,131735],{"className":62,"code":131734,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))     # 1\nprint(text.index(\"na\"))    # 2\n",[17,131736,131737,131749,131753,131778],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,131738,131739,131741,131743,131745,131747],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,131740,34345],{"class":75},[69,131742,80],{"class":79},[69,131744,964],{"class":94},[69,131746,967],{"class":336},[69,131748,3224],{"class":94},[69,131750,131751],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,131752,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,131754,131755,131757,131759,131761,131763,131765,131767,131769,131771,131773,131775],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,131756,110],{"class":109},[69,131758,113],{"class":83},[69,131760,34366],{"class":121},[69,131762,25],{"class":83},[69,131764,35505],{"class":121},[69,131766,113],{"class":83},[69,131768,333],{"class":94},[69,131770,192],{"class":336},[69,131772,333],{"class":94},[69,131774,125],{"class":83},[69,131776,131777],{"class":128},"     # 1\n",[69,131779,131780,131782,131784,131786,131788,131790,131792,131794,131796,131798,131800],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,131781,110],{"class":109},[69,131783,113],{"class":83},[69,131785,34366],{"class":121},[69,131787,25],{"class":83},[69,131789,35505],{"class":121},[69,131791,113],{"class":83},[69,131793,333],{"class":94},[69,131795,123120],{"class":336},[69,131797,333],{"class":94},[69,131799,125],{"class":83},[69,131801,131802],{"class":128},"    # 2\n",[14,131804,2046],{},[30,131806,131807,131813],{},[33,131808,131809,128240,131811],{},[17,131810,17745],{},[17,131812,473],{},[33,131814,131815,128240,131817],{},[17,131816,128239],{},[17,131818,821],{},[14,131820,131821],{},"Case sensitivity matters:",[60,131823,131825],{"className":62,"code":131824,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"Hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"H\"))   # 0\n# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[17,131826,131827,131839,131843,131867],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,131828,131829,131831,131833,131835,131837],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,131830,34345],{"class":75},[69,131832,80],{"class":79},[69,131834,964],{"class":94},[69,131836,34525],{"class":336},[69,131838,3224],{"class":94},[69,131840,131841],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,131842,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,131844,131845,131847,131849,131851,131853,131855,131857,131859,131861,131863,131865],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,131846,110],{"class":109},[69,131848,113],{"class":83},[69,131850,34366],{"class":121},[69,131852,25],{"class":83},[69,131854,35505],{"class":121},[69,131856,113],{"class":83},[69,131858,333],{"class":94},[69,131860,50859],{"class":336},[69,131862,333],{"class":94},[69,131864,125],{"class":83},[69,131866,20418],{"class":128},[69,131868,131869],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,131870,131871],{"class":128},"# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[141,131873,2024],{"id":2023},[14,131875,2027],{},[60,131877,131879],{"className":62,"code":131878,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"string.index(value, start, end)\n",[17,131880,131881],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,131882,131883,131885,131887,131889,131891,131893,131895,131897,131899,131901],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,131884,60845],{"class":75},[69,131886,25],{"class":83},[69,131888,35505],{"class":121},[69,131890,113],{"class":83},[69,131892,2339],{"class":121},[69,131894,91],{"class":83},[69,131896,35711],{"class":121},[69,131898,91],{"class":83},[69,131900,64712],{"class":121},[69,131902,221],{"class":83},[14,131904,131905],{},"Parameters:",[30,131907,131908,131912,131916],{},[33,131909,131910,123219],{},[17,131911,2339],{},[33,131913,131914,128286],{},[17,131915,35732],{},[33,131917,131918,131920],{},[17,131919,52329],{},": optional stopping position",[14,131922,131923],{},"You can use just the value:",[60,131925,131927],{"className":62,"code":131926,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"python\"\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[17,131928,131929,131941],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,131930,131931,131933,131935,131937,131939],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,131932,34345],{"class":75},[69,131934,80],{"class":79},[69,131936,964],{"class":94},[69,131938,64],{"class":336},[69,131940,3224],{"class":94},[69,131942,131943,131945,131947,131949,131951,131953,131955,131957,131959,131961,131963],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,131944,110],{"class":109},[69,131946,113],{"class":83},[69,131948,34366],{"class":121},[69,131950,25],{"class":83},[69,131952,35505],{"class":121},[69,131954,113],{"class":83},[69,131956,333],{"class":94},[69,131958,62958],{"class":336},[69,131960,333],{"class":94},[69,131962,125],{"class":83},[69,131964,51083],{"class":128},[14,131966,131967],{},"Or include a start position:",[60,131969,131971],{"className":62,"code":131970,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))  # 3\n",[17,131972,131973,131985],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,131974,131975,131977,131979,131981,131983],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,131976,34345],{"class":75},[69,131978,80],{"class":79},[69,131980,964],{"class":94},[69,131982,967],{"class":336},[69,131984,3224],{"class":94},[69,131986,131987,131989,131991,131993,131995,131997,131999,132001,132003,132005,132007,132009,132011],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,131988,110],{"class":109},[69,131990,113],{"class":83},[69,131992,34366],{"class":121},[69,131994,25],{"class":83},[69,131996,35505],{"class":121},[69,131998,113],{"class":83},[69,132000,333],{"class":94},[69,132002,192],{"class":336},[69,132004,333],{"class":94},[69,132006,91],{"class":83},[69,132008,316],{"class":87},[69,132010,125],{"class":83},[69,132012,50438],{"class":128},[14,132014,132015,132016,587,132018,1044],{},"Or include both ",[17,132017,35732],{},[17,132019,52329],{},[60,132021,132023],{"className":62,"code":132022,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2, 5))  # 3\n",[17,132024,132025,132037],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,132026,132027,132029,132031,132033,132035],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,132028,34345],{"class":75},[69,132030,80],{"class":79},[69,132032,964],{"class":94},[69,132034,967],{"class":336},[69,132036,3224],{"class":94},[69,132038,132039,132041,132043,132045,132047,132049,132051,132053,132055,132057,132059,132061,132063,132065,132067],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,132040,110],{"class":109},[69,132042,113],{"class":83},[69,132044,34366],{"class":121},[69,132046,25],{"class":83},[69,132048,35505],{"class":121},[69,132050,113],{"class":83},[69,132052,333],{"class":94},[69,132054,192],{"class":336},[69,132056,333],{"class":94},[69,132058,91],{"class":83},[69,132060,316],{"class":87},[69,132062,91],{"class":83},[69,132064,100],{"class":87},[69,132066,125],{"class":83},[69,132068,50438],{"class":128},[141,132070,37682],{"id":37681},[14,132072,28362,132073,132075,132076,25],{},[17,132074,58638],{}," is a ",[22,132077,132078],{},"zero-based index",[14,132080,1974],{},[30,132082,132083,132089,132094],{},[33,132084,132085,132086,132088],{},"Index ",[17,132087,88],{}," is the first character",[33,132090,132085,132091,132093],{},[17,132092,473],{}," is the second character",[33,132095,132085,132096,132098],{},[17,132097,821],{}," is the third character",[14,132100,2076],{},[60,132102,132104],{"className":62,"code":132103,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"cat\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"c\"))  # 0\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[17,132105,132106,132118,132122,132146,132170],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,132107,132108,132110,132112,132114,132116],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,132109,34345],{"class":75},[69,132111,80],{"class":79},[69,132113,964],{"class":94},[69,132115,36708],{"class":336},[69,132117,3224],{"class":94},[69,132119,132120],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,132121,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,132123,132124,132126,132128,132130,132132,132134,132136,132138,132140,132142,132144],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,132125,110],{"class":109},[69,132127,113],{"class":83},[69,132129,34366],{"class":121},[69,132131,25],{"class":83},[69,132133,35505],{"class":121},[69,132135,113],{"class":83},[69,132137,333],{"class":94},[69,132139,9376],{"class":336},[69,132141,333],{"class":94},[69,132143,125],{"class":83},[69,132145,50915],{"class":128},[69,132147,132148,132150,132152,132154,132156,132158,132160,132162,132164,132166,132168],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,132149,110],{"class":109},[69,132151,113],{"class":83},[69,132153,34366],{"class":121},[69,132155,25],{"class":83},[69,132157,35505],{"class":121},[69,132159,113],{"class":83},[69,132161,333],{"class":94},[69,132163,192],{"class":336},[69,132165,333],{"class":94},[69,132167,125],{"class":83},[69,132169,27433],{"class":128},[69,132171,132172,132174,132176,132178,132180,132182,132184,132186,132188,132190,132192],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,132173,110],{"class":109},[69,132175,113],{"class":83},[69,132177,34366],{"class":121},[69,132179,25],{"class":83},[69,132181,35505],{"class":121},[69,132183,113],{"class":83},[69,132185,333],{"class":94},[69,132187,62958],{"class":336},[69,132189,333],{"class":94},[69,132191,125],{"class":83},[69,132193,51083],{"class":128},[14,132195,132196,132198,132199,132201],{},[17,132197,58638],{}," returns only the ",[22,132200,29563],{}," matching position.",[60,132203,132205],{"className":62,"code":132204,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\n",[17,132206,132207,132219],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,132208,132209,132211,132213,132215,132217],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,132210,34345],{"class":75},[69,132212,80],{"class":79},[69,132214,964],{"class":94},[69,132216,967],{"class":336},[69,132218,3224],{"class":94},[69,132220,132221,132223,132225,132227,132229,132231,132233,132235,132237,132239,132241],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,132222,110],{"class":109},[69,132224,113],{"class":83},[69,132226,34366],{"class":121},[69,132228,25],{"class":83},[69,132230,35505],{"class":121},[69,132232,113],{"class":83},[69,132234,333],{"class":94},[69,132236,192],{"class":336},[69,132238,333],{"class":94},[69,132240,125],{"class":83},[69,132242,27433],{"class":128},[14,132244,20628,132245,132247],{},[17,132246,17745],{}," appears more than once, the method returns only the first match.",[14,132249,132250,132251,25],{},"If you need to count matches instead, see the ",[192,132252,132253,10379],{"href":124477},[17,132254,58260],{},[141,132256,8050,132257,587,132259],{"id":65078},[17,132258,35732],{},[17,132260,52329],{},[14,132262,1845,132263,587,132265,132267],{},[17,132264,35732],{},[17,132266,52329],{}," arguments let you search only part of the string.",[14,132269,132270],{},"This is useful when the same text appears more than once.",[14,132272,45706,132273,1044],{},[17,132274,35732],{},[60,132276,132278],{"className":62,"code":132277,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))      # 1\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))   # 3\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 4))   # 5\n",[17,132279,132280,132292,132296,132320,132348],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,132281,132282,132284,132286,132288,132290],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,132283,34345],{"class":75},[69,132285,80],{"class":79},[69,132287,964],{"class":94},[69,132289,967],{"class":336},[69,132291,3224],{"class":94},[69,132293,132294],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,132295,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,132297,132298,132300,132302,132304,132306,132308,132310,132312,132314,132316,132318],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,132299,110],{"class":109},[69,132301,113],{"class":83},[69,132303,34366],{"class":121},[69,132305,25],{"class":83},[69,132307,35505],{"class":121},[69,132309,113],{"class":83},[69,132311,333],{"class":94},[69,132313,192],{"class":336},[69,132315,333],{"class":94},[69,132317,125],{"class":83},[69,132319,50788],{"class":128},[69,132321,132322,132324,132326,132328,132330,132332,132334,132336,132338,132340,132342,132344,132346],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,132323,110],{"class":109},[69,132325,113],{"class":83},[69,132327,34366],{"class":121},[69,132329,25],{"class":83},[69,132331,35505],{"class":121},[69,132333,113],{"class":83},[69,132335,333],{"class":94},[69,132337,192],{"class":336},[69,132339,333],{"class":94},[69,132341,91],{"class":83},[69,132343,316],{"class":87},[69,132345,125],{"class":83},[69,132347,50637],{"class":128},[69,132349,132350,132352,132354,132356,132358,132360,132362,132364,132366,132368,132370,132372,132374],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,132351,110],{"class":109},[69,132353,113],{"class":83},[69,132355,34366],{"class":121},[69,132357,25],{"class":83},[69,132359,35505],{"class":121},[69,132361,113],{"class":83},[69,132363,333],{"class":94},[69,132365,192],{"class":336},[69,132367,333],{"class":94},[69,132369,91],{"class":83},[69,132371,2323],{"class":87},[69,132373,125],{"class":83},[69,132375,50421],{"class":128},[14,132377,19607],{},[30,132379,132380,132387,132393],{},[33,132381,132382,132383,65268,132385],{},"The first search finds the first ",[17,132384,17745],{},[17,132386,473],{},[33,132388,132389,132390,132392],{},"Starting at index ",[17,132391,821],{}," skips that first match",[33,132394,132389,132395,132397,132398],{},[17,132396,808],{}," finds the last ",[17,132399,17745],{},[14,132401,45706,132402,1044],{},[17,132403,52329],{},[60,132405,132407],{"className":62,"code":132406,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"n\", 0, 4))  # 2\n",[17,132408,132409,132421,132425],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,132410,132411,132413,132415,132417,132419],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,132412,34345],{"class":75},[69,132414,80],{"class":79},[69,132416,964],{"class":94},[69,132418,967],{"class":336},[69,132420,3224],{"class":94},[69,132422,132423],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,132424,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,132426,132427,132429,132431,132433,132435,132437,132439,132441,132443,132445,132447,132449,132451,132453,132455],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,132428,110],{"class":109},[69,132430,113],{"class":83},[69,132432,34366],{"class":121},[69,132434,25],{"class":83},[69,132436,35505],{"class":121},[69,132438,113],{"class":83},[69,132440,333],{"class":94},[69,132442,75702],{"class":336},[69,132444,333],{"class":94},[69,132446,91],{"class":83},[69,132448,267],{"class":87},[69,132450,91],{"class":83},[69,132452,2323],{"class":87},[69,132454,125],{"class":83},[69,132456,51083],{"class":128},[14,132458,132459],{},"This searches only within part of the string.",[14,132461,132462],{},"One important detail: the returned index still refers to the original string, not a smaller temporary section.",[141,132464,43878,132466,132468],{"id":132465},"when-index-causes-an-error",[17,132467,58638],{}," causes an error",[14,132470,132471,132472,52163,132474,25],{},"If the substring is not found, ",[17,132473,58638],{},[17,132475,40367],{},[14,132477,2076],{},[60,132479,132481],{"className":62,"code":132480,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"z\"))\n",[17,132482,132483,132495],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,132484,132485,132487,132489,132491,132493],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,132486,34345],{"class":75},[69,132488,80],{"class":79},[69,132490,964],{"class":94},[69,132492,337],{"class":336},[69,132494,3224],{"class":94},[69,132496,132497,132499,132501,132503,132505,132507,132509,132511,132513,132515],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,132498,110],{"class":109},[69,132500,113],{"class":83},[69,132502,34366],{"class":121},[69,132504,25],{"class":83},[69,132506,35505],{"class":121},[69,132508,113],{"class":83},[69,132510,333],{"class":94},[69,132512,21728],{"class":336},[69,132514,333],{"class":94},[69,132516,342],{"class":83},[14,132518,643],{},[60,132520,132522],{"className":62,"code":132521,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"ValueError: substring not found\n",[17,132523,132524],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,132525,132526,132528,132530,132533,132535],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,132527,40367],{"class":1126},[69,132529,1044],{"class":83},[69,132531,132532],{"class":75}," substring ",[69,132534,4457],{"class":79},[69,132536,65501],{"class":75},[14,132538,53010,132539,125993,132544,132546],{},[192,132540,132541],{"href":129671},[17,132542,132543],{},"str.find()",[17,132545,65526],{}," instead of raising an error.",[14,132548,132549,132550,587,132552,1044],{},"If the value may not exist, use ",[17,132551,29458],{},[17,132553,29489],{},[60,132555,132557],{"className":62,"code":132556,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"hello\"\n\ntry:\n    position = text.index(\"z\")\n    print(position)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Substring not found\")\n",[17,132558,132559,132571,132575,132581,132604,132614,132622],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,132560,132561,132563,132565,132567,132569],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,132562,34345],{"class":75},[69,132564,80],{"class":79},[69,132566,964],{"class":94},[69,132568,337],{"class":336},[69,132570,3224],{"class":94},[69,132572,132573],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,132574,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,132576,132577,132579],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,132578,29458],{"class":773},[69,132580,1235],{"class":83},[69,132582,132583,132586,132588,132590,132592,132594,132596,132598,132600,132602],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,132584,132585],{"class":75},"    position ",[69,132587,80],{"class":79},[69,132589,42506],{"class":75},[69,132591,25],{"class":83},[69,132593,35505],{"class":121},[69,132595,113],{"class":83},[69,132597,333],{"class":94},[69,132599,21728],{"class":336},[69,132601,333],{"class":94},[69,132603,221],{"class":83},[69,132605,132606,132608,132610,132612],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,132607,7700],{"class":109},[69,132609,113],{"class":83},[69,132611,64618],{"class":121},[69,132613,221],{"class":83},[69,132615,132616,132618,132620],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,132617,29489],{"class":773},[69,132619,41590],{"class":1126},[69,132621,1235],{"class":83},[69,132623,132624,132626,132628,132630,132633,132635],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,132625,7700],{"class":109},[69,132627,113],{"class":83},[69,132629,333],{"class":94},[69,132631,132632],{"class":336},"Substring not found",[69,132634,333],{"class":94},[69,132636,221],{"class":83},[14,132638,132639],{},"This helps your program continue running.",[14,132641,41610,132642,25],{},[192,132643,25332,132645],{"href":132644},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix",[17,132646,128998],{},[141,132648,132650,10223,132652],{"id":132649},"index-vs-find",[17,132651,58638],{},[17,132653,124022],{},[14,132655,132656,587,132658,132660],{},[17,132657,58638],{},[17,132659,124022],{}," are very similar, but they behave differently when no match is found.",[1369,132662,132663],{"id":35505},[17,132664,58638],{},[30,132666,132667,132670],{},[33,132668,132669],{},"Returns the first match position",[33,132671,132672],{},"Raises an error if nothing is found",[60,132674,132676],{"className":62,"code":132675,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"e\"))  # 1\n# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[17,132677,132678,132690,132714],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,132679,132680,132682,132684,132686,132688],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,132681,34345],{"class":75},[69,132683,80],{"class":79},[69,132685,964],{"class":94},[69,132687,337],{"class":336},[69,132689,3224],{"class":94},[69,132691,132692,132694,132696,132698,132700,132702,132704,132706,132708,132710,132712],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,132693,110],{"class":109},[69,132695,113],{"class":83},[69,132697,34366],{"class":121},[69,132699,25],{"class":83},[69,132701,35505],{"class":121},[69,132703,113],{"class":83},[69,132705,333],{"class":94},[69,132707,60118],{"class":336},[69,132709,333],{"class":94},[69,132711,125],{"class":83},[69,132713,27433],{"class":128},[69,132715,132716],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,132717,132718],{"class":128},"# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[1369,132720,132721],{"id":128052},[17,132722,124022],{},[30,132724,132725,132727],{},[33,132726,132669],{},[33,132728,11064,132729,132731],{},[17,132730,65526],{}," if nothing is found",[60,132733,132735],{"className":62,"code":132734,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.find(\"e\"))  # 1\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))  # -1\n",[17,132736,132737,132749,132773],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,132738,132739,132741,132743,132745,132747],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,132740,34345],{"class":75},[69,132742,80],{"class":79},[69,132744,964],{"class":94},[69,132746,337],{"class":336},[69,132748,3224],{"class":94},[69,132750,132751,132753,132755,132757,132759,132761,132763,132765,132767,132769,132771],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,132752,110],{"class":109},[69,132754,113],{"class":83},[69,132756,34366],{"class":121},[69,132758,25],{"class":83},[69,132760,128052],{"class":121},[69,132762,113],{"class":83},[69,132764,333],{"class":94},[69,132766,60118],{"class":336},[69,132768,333],{"class":94},[69,132770,125],{"class":83},[69,132772,27433],{"class":128},[69,132774,132775,132777,132779,132781,132783,132785,132787,132789,132791,132793,132795],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,132776,110],{"class":109},[69,132778,113],{"class":83},[69,132780,34366],{"class":121},[69,132782,25],{"class":83},[69,132784,128052],{"class":121},[69,132786,113],{"class":83},[69,132788,333],{"class":94},[69,132790,21728],{"class":336},[69,132792,333],{"class":94},[69,132794,125],{"class":83},[69,132796,128408],{"class":128},[14,132798,132,132799,132801],{},[17,132800,58638],{}," when missing data should be treated as a problem.",[14,132803,132,132804,132806],{},[17,132805,124022],{}," when you want to check safely without an exception.",[14,132808,132809,132810,54,132815,25],{},"For a full comparison, see the ",[192,132811,132812,132814],{"href":129671},[17,132813,132543],{}," method reference",[192,132816,127063],{"href":132817},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python",[141,132819,2698],{"id":2697},[14,132821,132822,132823,1044],{},"Beginners often run into these problems when using ",[17,132824,58638],{},[30,132826,132827,132830,132837,132842,132847],{},[33,132828,132829],{},"Searching for text with the wrong uppercase or lowercase letters",[33,132831,8086,132832,8089,132834,132836],{},[17,132833,58638],{},[17,132835,65526],{}," when no match exists",[33,132838,8050,132839,132841],{},[17,132840,58638],{}," on a value that may not be present",[33,132843,132844,132845],{},"Confusing character position with human counting starting at ",[17,132846,473],{},[33,132848,4406,132849,132851],{},[17,132850,58638],{}," returns every match instead of the first one",[14,132853,61966],{},[60,132855,132857],{"className":62,"code":132856,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.index(\"value\"))\nprint(text.find(\"value\"))\nprint(text.index(\"value\", start, end))\n",[17,132858,132859,132869,132883,132905,132927],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,132860,132861,132863,132865,132867],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,132862,110],{"class":109},[69,132864,113],{"class":83},[69,132866,34366],{"class":121},[69,132868,221],{"class":83},[69,132870,132871,132873,132875,132877,132879,132881],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,132872,110],{"class":109},[69,132874,113],{"class":83},[69,132876,41443],{"class":109},[69,132878,113],{"class":83},[69,132880,34366],{"class":121},[69,132882,342],{"class":83},[69,132884,132885,132887,132889,132891,132893,132895,132897,132899,132901,132903],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,132886,110],{"class":109},[69,132888,113],{"class":83},[69,132890,34366],{"class":121},[69,132892,25],{"class":83},[69,132894,35505],{"class":121},[69,132896,113],{"class":83},[69,132898,333],{"class":94},[69,132900,2339],{"class":336},[69,132902,333],{"class":94},[69,132904,342],{"class":83},[69,132906,132907,132909,132911,132913,132915,132917,132919,132921,132923,132925],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,132908,110],{"class":109},[69,132910,113],{"class":83},[69,132912,34366],{"class":121},[69,132914,25],{"class":83},[69,132916,128052],{"class":121},[69,132918,113],{"class":83},[69,132920,333],{"class":94},[69,132922,2339],{"class":336},[69,132924,333],{"class":94},[69,132926,342],{"class":83},[69,132928,132929,132931,132933,132935,132937,132939,132941,132943,132945,132947,132949,132951,132953,132955],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,132930,110],{"class":109},[69,132932,113],{"class":83},[69,132934,34366],{"class":121},[69,132936,25],{"class":83},[69,132938,35505],{"class":121},[69,132940,113],{"class":83},[69,132942,333],{"class":94},[69,132944,2339],{"class":336},[69,132946,333],{"class":94},[69,132948,91],{"class":83},[69,132950,35711],{"class":121},[69,132952,91],{"class":83},[69,132954,64712],{"class":121},[69,132956,342],{"class":83},[14,132958,132959],{},"Tips:",[30,132961,132962,132967,132972,132975],{},[33,132963,132,132964,132966],{},[17,132965,125949],{}," to spot spaces or hidden characters",[33,132968,132,132969,132971],{},[17,132970,124022],{}," if you want to test first without raising an error",[33,132973,132974],{},"Double-check uppercase and lowercase letters",[33,132976,132977,132978],{},"Remember that Python starts counting at ",[17,132979,88],{},[141,132981,1651],{"id":1650},[1369,132983,129531,132985,12359],{"id":132984},"what-does-python-string-index-return",[17,132986,58638],{},[14,132988,132989],{},"It returns the zero-based position of the first match in the string.",[1369,132991,132993],{"id":132992},"what-happens-if-the-substring-is-not-found","What happens if the substring is not found?",[14,132995,76530,132996,25],{},[17,132997,40367],{},[1369,132999,5006,133001,587,133003,2359],{"id":133000},"what-is-the-difference-between-index-and-find",[17,133002,58638],{},[17,133004,124022],{},[14,133006,133007,133009,133010,678,133012,1481],{},[17,133008,58638],{}," raises an error if nothing is found. ",[17,133011,124022],{},[17,133013,65526],{},[1369,133015,4996,133017,133019],{"id":133016},"can-index-search-for-more-than-one-character",[17,133018,58638],{}," search for more than one character?",[14,133021,133022],{},"Yes. It can search for a substring, not just a single character.",[1369,133024,133026,133027,124363],{"id":133025},"is-string-index-case-sensitive","Is string ",[17,133028,58638],{},[14,133030,129556],{},[141,133032,1771],{"id":1770},[30,133034,133035,133041,133045,133050,133056],{},[33,133036,133037],{},[192,133038,133039,10379],{"href":129671},[17,133040,132543],{},[33,133042,133043],{},[192,133044,124426],{"href":132817},[33,133046,133047],{},[192,133048,129632],{"href":133049},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python",[33,133051,133052],{},[192,133053,133054,10379],{"href":124477},[17,133055,58260],{},[33,133057,133058],{},[192,133059,30002,133060],{"href":132644},[17,133061,128998],{},[1802,133063,133064],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":133066},[133067,133068,133070,133071,133072,133073,133075,133080,133081,133092],{"id":1869,"depth":106,"text":1870},{"id":131703,"depth":106,"text":133069},"What str.index() does",{"id":2023,"depth":106,"text":2024},{"id":37681,"depth":106,"text":37682},{"id":65078,"depth":106,"text":65861},{"id":132465,"depth":106,"text":133074},"When index() causes an error",{"id":132649,"depth":106,"text":133076,"children":133077},"index() vs find()",[133078,133079],{"id":35505,"depth":300,"text":58638},{"id":128052,"depth":300,"text":124022},{"id":2697,"depth":106,"text":2698},{"id":1650,"depth":106,"text":1651,"children":133082},[133083,133085,133086,133088,133090],{"id":132984,"depth":300,"text":133084},"What does Python string index() return?",{"id":132992,"depth":300,"text":132993},{"id":133000,"depth":300,"text":133087},"What is the difference between index() and find()?",{"id":133016,"depth":300,"text":133089},"Can index() search for more than one character?",{"id":133025,"depth":300,"text":133091},"Is string index() case-sensitive?",{"id":1770,"depth":106,"text":1771},"Master python string index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method",{"title":131612,"description":133093},"reference\u002Fpython-string-index-method","R1ztM7XUbXLB6x68q72-dPTbtnrYXmbHumYw459ZPYA",{"id":133100,"title":133101,"body":133102,"description":135877,"extension":1828,"meta":135878,"navigation":833,"path":135879,"seo":135880,"stem":135881,"__hash__":135882},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method.md","Python String join() Method",{"type":7,"value":133103,"toc":135813},[133104,133110,133115,133118,133121,133132,133134,133203,133205,133219,133224,133229,133234,133236,133279,133281,133364,133366,133412,133418,133420,133422,133442,133444,133467,133469,133543,133545,133564,133569,133571,133575,133647,133649,133663,133667,133743,133745,133764,133768,133862,133864,133873,133880,133956,133958,133976,133980,133983,133990,134039,134041,134050,134057,134116,134118,134136,134139,134146,134205,134207,134225,134232,134289,134291,134300,134304,134309,134313,134372,134374,134392,134396,134443,134448,134451,134520,134522,134539,134546,134552,134607,134612,134615,134692,134694,134712,134718,134724,134784,134786,134805,134811,134814,134821,134874,134879,134881,134942,134951,134958,134960,135017,135022,135024,135095,135099,135154,135156,135165,135170,135176,135245,135247,135279,135285,135293,135300,135306,135371,135373,135382,135388,135469,135471,135480,135485,135499,135506,135510,135515,135543,135545,135678,135681,135718,135720,135726,135735,135740,135743,135748,135753,135759,135762,135771,135774,135776,135805,135810],[10,133105,123027,133107,10962],{"id":133106},"python-string-join-method",[17,133108,133109],{},"join()",[14,133111,123032,133112,133114],{},[17,133113,133109],{}," method combines multiple strings into one string.",[14,133116,133117],{},"It is useful when you have a list or tuple of text values and want to join them with a separator such as a space, comma, dash, or nothing at all.",[14,133119,133120],{},"A key rule to remember is this:",[30,133122,133123,133129],{},[33,133124,133125,133126,133128],{},"You call ",[17,133127,133109],{}," on the separator string",[33,133130,133131],{},"Every item you join must already be a string",[141,133133,3473],{"id":3472},[60,133135,133137],{"className":62,"code":133136,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\nprint(result)\n",[17,133138,133139,133172,133193],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,133140,133141,133143,133145,133147,133149,133151,133153,133155,133157,133159,133161,133163,133165,133168,133170],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,133142,943],{"class":75},[69,133144,80],{"class":79},[69,133146,84],{"class":83},[69,133148,333],{"class":94},[69,133150,6925],{"class":336},[69,133152,333],{"class":94},[69,133154,91],{"class":83},[69,133156,964],{"class":94},[69,133158,11836],{"class":336},[69,133160,333],{"class":94},[69,133162,91],{"class":83},[69,133164,964],{"class":94},[69,133166,133167],{"class":336},"fun",[69,133169,333],{"class":94},[69,133171,103],{"class":83},[69,133173,133174,133176,133178,133180,133182,133184,133187,133189,133191],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,133175,839],{"class":75},[69,133177,80],{"class":79},[69,133179,964],{"class":94},[69,133181,964],{"class":94},[69,133183,25],{"class":83},[69,133185,133186],{"class":121},"join",[69,133188,113],{"class":83},[69,133190,3947],{"class":121},[69,133192,221],{"class":83},[69,133194,133195,133197,133199,133201],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,133196,110],{"class":109},[69,133198,113],{"class":83},[69,133200,876],{"class":121},[69,133202,221],{"class":83},[14,133204,643],{},[60,133206,133208],{"className":62,"code":133207,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Python is fun\n",[17,133209,133210],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,133211,133212,133214,133216],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,133213,3441],{"class":75},[69,133215,11836],{"class":79},[69,133217,133218],{"class":75}," fun\n",[14,133220,132,133221,133223],{},[17,133222,133109],{}," on the separator string. Every item in the iterable must be a string.",[141,133225,3540,133227,3543],{"id":133226},"what-join-does",[17,133228,133109],{},[14,133230,133231,133233],{},[17,133232,133109],{}," combines multiple strings into one string.",[14,133235,11099],{},[30,133237,133238,133245,133273,133276],{},[33,133239,133240,133241,133244],{},"It uses the string before ",[17,133242,133243],{},".join()"," as the separator",[33,133246,133247,133248],{},"Common separators are:\n",[30,133249,133250,133256,133262,133268],{},[33,133251,133252,133255],{},[17,133253,133254],{},"\" \""," for spaces",[33,133257,133258,133261],{},[17,133259,133260],{},"\", \""," for commas",[33,133263,133264,133267],{},[17,133265,133266],{},"\"-\""," for dashes",[33,133269,133270,133272],{},[17,133271,1111],{}," for no separator",[33,133274,133275],{},"It returns a new string",[33,133277,133278],{},"It does not change the original list or tuple",[14,133280,2076],{},[60,133282,133284],{"className":62,"code":133283,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nresult = \", \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(words)\n",[17,133285,133286,133318,133340,133344,133354],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,133287,133288,133290,133292,133294,133296,133298,133300,133302,133304,133306,133308,133310,133312,133314,133316],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,133289,943],{"class":75},[69,133291,80],{"class":79},[69,133293,84],{"class":83},[69,133295,333],{"class":94},[69,133297,12737],{"class":336},[69,133299,333],{"class":94},[69,133301,91],{"class":83},[69,133303,964],{"class":94},[69,133305,17104],{"class":336},[69,133307,333],{"class":94},[69,133309,91],{"class":83},[69,133311,964],{"class":94},[69,133313,12754],{"class":336},[69,133315,333],{"class":94},[69,133317,103],{"class":83},[69,133319,133320,133322,133324,133326,133328,133330,133332,133334,133336,133338],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,133321,839],{"class":75},[69,133323,80],{"class":79},[69,133325,964],{"class":94},[69,133327,2057],{"class":336},[69,133329,333],{"class":94},[69,133331,25],{"class":83},[69,133333,133186],{"class":121},[69,133335,113],{"class":83},[69,133337,3947],{"class":121},[69,133339,221],{"class":83},[69,133341,133342],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,133343,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,133345,133346,133348,133350,133352],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,133347,110],{"class":109},[69,133349,113],{"class":83},[69,133351,876],{"class":121},[69,133353,221],{"class":83},[69,133355,133356,133358,133360,133362],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,133357,110],{"class":109},[69,133359,113],{"class":83},[69,133361,3947],{"class":121},[69,133363,221],{"class":83},[14,133365,643],{},[60,133367,133369],{"className":62,"code":133368,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"red, green, blue\n['red', 'green', 'blue']\n",[17,133370,133371,133384],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,133372,133373,133375,133377,133380,133382],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,133374,12737],{"class":75},[69,133376,91],{"class":83},[69,133378,133379],{"class":75}," green",[69,133381,91],{"class":83},[69,133383,35540],{"class":75},[69,133385,133386,133388,133390,133392,133394,133396,133398,133400,133402,133404,133406,133408,133410],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,133387,3739],{"class":83},[69,133389,488],{"class":94},[69,133391,12737],{"class":336},[69,133393,488],{"class":94},[69,133395,91],{"class":83},[69,133397,3161],{"class":94},[69,133399,17104],{"class":336},[69,133401,488],{"class":94},[69,133403,91],{"class":83},[69,133405,3161],{"class":94},[69,133407,12754],{"class":336},[69,133409,488],{"class":94},[69,133411,103],{"class":83},[14,133413,133414,133415,133417],{},"The list stays the same. ",[17,133416,133109],{}," creates a new string.",[141,133419,2024],{"id":2023},[14,133421,6846],{},[60,133423,133425],{"className":62,"code":133424,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"separator.join(iterable)\n",[17,133426,133427],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,133428,133429,133432,133434,133436,133438,133440],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,133430,133431],{"class":75},"separator",[69,133433,25],{"class":83},[69,133435,133186],{"class":121},[69,133437,113],{"class":83},[69,133439,218],{"class":121},[69,133441,221],{"class":83},[1369,133443,48677],{"id":48676},[30,133445,133446,133459,133464],{},[33,133447,133448,133450,133451,2057,133453,2057,133455,2061,133457],{},[17,133449,133431],{}," is a string such as ",[17,133452,133254],{},[17,133454,133260],{},[17,133456,133266],{},[17,133458,1111],{},[33,133460,133461,133463],{},[17,133462,218],{}," is usually a list or tuple of strings",[33,133465,133466],{},"All items in the iterable must be strings",[14,133468,2076],{},[60,133470,133472],{"className":62,"code":133471,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nresult = \" | \".join(names)\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,133473,133474,133506,133529,133533],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,133475,133476,133478,133480,133482,133484,133486,133488,133490,133492,133494,133496,133498,133500,133502,133504],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,133477,4822],{"class":75},[69,133479,80],{"class":79},[69,133481,84],{"class":83},[69,133483,333],{"class":94},[69,133485,12524],{"class":336},[69,133487,333],{"class":94},[69,133489,91],{"class":83},[69,133491,964],{"class":94},[69,133493,35600],{"class":336},[69,133495,333],{"class":94},[69,133497,91],{"class":83},[69,133499,964],{"class":94},[69,133501,35609],{"class":336},[69,133503,333],{"class":94},[69,133505,103],{"class":83},[69,133507,133508,133510,133512,133514,133517,133519,133521,133523,133525,133527],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,133509,839],{"class":75},[69,133511,80],{"class":79},[69,133513,964],{"class":94},[69,133515,133516],{"class":336}," | ",[69,133518,333],{"class":94},[69,133520,25],{"class":83},[69,133522,133186],{"class":121},[69,133524,113],{"class":83},[69,133526,4866],{"class":121},[69,133528,221],{"class":83},[69,133530,133531],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,133532,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,133534,133535,133537,133539,133541],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,133536,110],{"class":109},[69,133538,113],{"class":83},[69,133540,876],{"class":121},[69,133542,221],{"class":83},[14,133544,643],{},[60,133546,133548],{"className":62,"code":133547,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Ana | Ben | Cara\n",[17,133549,133550],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,133551,133552,133555,133557,133560,133562],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,133553,133554],{"class":75},"Ana ",[69,133556,113534],{"class":79},[69,133558,133559],{"class":75}," Ben ",[69,133561,113534],{"class":79},[69,133563,35681],{"class":75},[14,133565,133566,133567,25],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with strings, see ",[192,133568,124782],{"href":50643},[141,133570,121558],{"id":121557},[1369,133572,133574],{"id":133573},"join-words-with-a-space","Join words with a space",[60,133576,133578],{"className":62,"code":133577,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,133579,133580,133613,133633,133637],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,133581,133582,133584,133586,133588,133590,133592,133594,133596,133598,133600,133602,133604,133606,133609,133611],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,133583,943],{"class":75},[69,133585,80],{"class":79},[69,133587,84],{"class":83},[69,133589,333],{"class":94},[69,133591,6925],{"class":336},[69,133593,333],{"class":94},[69,133595,91],{"class":83},[69,133597,964],{"class":94},[69,133599,11836],{"class":336},[69,133601,333],{"class":94},[69,133603,91],{"class":83},[69,133605,964],{"class":94},[69,133607,133608],{"class":336},"easy",[69,133610,333],{"class":94},[69,133612,103],{"class":83},[69,133614,133615,133617,133619,133621,133623,133625,133627,133629,133631],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,133616,839],{"class":75},[69,133618,80],{"class":79},[69,133620,964],{"class":94},[69,133622,964],{"class":94},[69,133624,25],{"class":83},[69,133626,133186],{"class":121},[69,133628,113],{"class":83},[69,133630,3947],{"class":121},[69,133632,221],{"class":83},[69,133634,133635],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,133636,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,133638,133639,133641,133643,133645],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,133640,110],{"class":109},[69,133642,113],{"class":83},[69,133644,876],{"class":121},[69,133646,221],{"class":83},[14,133648,643],{},[60,133650,133652],{"className":62,"code":133651,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Python is easy\n",[17,133653,133654],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,133655,133656,133658,133660],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,133657,3441],{"class":75},[69,133659,11836],{"class":79},[69,133661,133662],{"class":75}," easy\n",[1369,133664,133666],{"id":133665},"join-values-with-a-comma","Join values with a comma",[60,133668,133670],{"className":62,"code":133669,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = [\"apples\", \"bananas\", \"oranges\"]\nresult = \", \".join(items)\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,133671,133672,133707,133729,133733],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,133673,133674,133676,133678,133680,133682,133685,133687,133689,133691,133694,133696,133698,133700,133703,133705],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,133675,7409],{"class":75},[69,133677,80],{"class":79},[69,133679,84],{"class":83},[69,133681,333],{"class":94},[69,133683,133684],{"class":336},"apples",[69,133686,333],{"class":94},[69,133688,91],{"class":83},[69,133690,964],{"class":94},[69,133692,133693],{"class":336},"bananas",[69,133695,333],{"class":94},[69,133697,91],{"class":83},[69,133699,964],{"class":94},[69,133701,133702],{"class":336},"oranges",[69,133704,333],{"class":94},[69,133706,103],{"class":83},[69,133708,133709,133711,133713,133715,133717,133719,133721,133723,133725,133727],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,133710,839],{"class":75},[69,133712,80],{"class":79},[69,133714,964],{"class":94},[69,133716,2057],{"class":336},[69,133718,333],{"class":94},[69,133720,25],{"class":83},[69,133722,133186],{"class":121},[69,133724,113],{"class":83},[69,133726,7440],{"class":121},[69,133728,221],{"class":83},[69,133730,133731],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,133732,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,133734,133735,133737,133739,133741],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,133736,110],{"class":109},[69,133738,113],{"class":83},[69,133740,876],{"class":121},[69,133742,221],{"class":83},[14,133744,643],{},[60,133746,133748],{"className":62,"code":133747,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"apples, bananas, oranges\n",[17,133749,133750],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,133751,133752,133754,133756,133759,133761],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,133753,133684],{"class":75},[69,133755,91],{"class":83},[69,133757,133758],{"class":75}," bananas",[69,133760,91],{"class":83},[69,133762,133763],{"class":75}," oranges\n",[1369,133765,133767],{"id":133766},"join-characters-with-an-empty-string","Join characters with an empty string",[60,133769,133771],{"className":62,"code":133770,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nresult = \"\".join(letters)\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,133772,133773,133830,133848,133852],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,133774,133775,133777,133779,133781,133783,133786,133788,133790,133792,133794,133796,133798,133800,133802,133804,133806,133808,133810,133812,133814,133816,133818,133820,133822,133824,133826,133828],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,133776,35750],{"class":75},[69,133778,80],{"class":79},[69,133780,84],{"class":83},[69,133782,333],{"class":94},[69,133784,133785],{"class":336},"P",[69,133787,333],{"class":94},[69,133789,91],{"class":83},[69,133791,964],{"class":94},[69,133793,11387],{"class":336},[69,133795,333],{"class":94},[69,133797,91],{"class":83},[69,133799,964],{"class":94},[69,133801,62958],{"class":336},[69,133803,333],{"class":94},[69,133805,91],{"class":83},[69,133807,964],{"class":94},[69,133809,60109],{"class":336},[69,133811,333],{"class":94},[69,133813,91],{"class":83},[69,133815,964],{"class":94},[69,133817,60144],{"class":336},[69,133819,333],{"class":94},[69,133821,91],{"class":83},[69,133823,964],{"class":94},[69,133825,75702],{"class":336},[69,133827,333],{"class":94},[69,133829,103],{"class":83},[69,133831,133832,133834,133836,133838,133840,133842,133844,133846],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,133833,839],{"class":75},[69,133835,80],{"class":79},[69,133837,959],{"class":94},[69,133839,25],{"class":83},[69,133841,133186],{"class":121},[69,133843,113],{"class":83},[69,133845,35803],{"class":121},[69,133847,221],{"class":83},[69,133849,133850],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,133851,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,133853,133854,133856,133858,133860],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,133855,110],{"class":109},[69,133857,113],{"class":83},[69,133859,876],{"class":121},[69,133861,221],{"class":83},[14,133863,643],{},[60,133865,133867],{"className":62,"code":133866,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Python\n",[17,133868,133869],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,133870,133871],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,133872,133866],{"class":75},[1369,133874,133876,133877,133879],{"id":133875},"show-that-join-returns-the-result","Show that ",[17,133878,133109],{}," returns the result",[60,133881,133883],{"className":62,"code":133882,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\njoined_text = \"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(joined_text)\n",[17,133884,133885,133918,133941,133945],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,133886,133887,133889,133891,133893,133895,133897,133899,133901,133903,133905,133907,133909,133911,133914,133916],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,133888,943],{"class":75},[69,133890,80],{"class":79},[69,133892,84],{"class":83},[69,133894,333],{"class":94},[69,133896,1434],{"class":336},[69,133898,333],{"class":94},[69,133900,91],{"class":83},[69,133902,964],{"class":94},[69,133904,78943],{"class":336},[69,133906,333],{"class":94},[69,133908,91],{"class":83},[69,133910,964],{"class":94},[69,133912,133913],{"class":336},"three",[69,133915,333],{"class":94},[69,133917,103],{"class":83},[69,133919,133920,133923,133925,133927,133929,133931,133933,133935,133937,133939],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,133921,133922],{"class":75},"joined_text ",[69,133924,80],{"class":79},[69,133926,964],{"class":94},[69,133928,1889],{"class":336},[69,133930,333],{"class":94},[69,133932,25],{"class":83},[69,133934,133186],{"class":121},[69,133936,113],{"class":83},[69,133938,3947],{"class":121},[69,133940,221],{"class":83},[69,133942,133943],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,133944,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,133946,133947,133949,133951,133954],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,133948,110],{"class":109},[69,133950,113],{"class":83},[69,133952,133953],{"class":121},"joined_text",[69,133955,221],{"class":83},[14,133957,643],{},[60,133959,133961],{"className":62,"code":133960,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"one-two-three\n",[17,133962,133963],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,133964,133965,133967,133969,133971,133973],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,133966,1434],{"class":75},[69,133968,1889],{"class":79},[69,133970,78943],{"class":75},[69,133972,1889],{"class":79},[69,133974,133975],{"class":75},"three\n",[141,133977,133979],{"id":133978},"using-different-separators","Using different separators",[14,133981,133982],{},"The separator controls what appears between each item.",[1369,133984,133986,133989],{"id":133985},"join-adds-spaces",[17,133987,133988],{},"\" \".join(...)"," adds spaces",[60,133991,133993],{"className":62,"code":133992,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\" \".join(words))\n",[17,133994,133995,134019],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,133996,133997,133999,134001,134003,134005,134007,134009,134011,134013,134015,134017],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,133998,943],{"class":75},[69,134000,80],{"class":79},[69,134002,84],{"class":83},[69,134004,333],{"class":94},[69,134006,337],{"class":336},[69,134008,333],{"class":94},[69,134010,91],{"class":83},[69,134012,964],{"class":94},[69,134014,60262],{"class":336},[69,134016,333],{"class":94},[69,134018,103],{"class":83},[69,134020,134021,134023,134025,134027,134029,134031,134033,134035,134037],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,134022,110],{"class":109},[69,134024,113],{"class":83},[69,134026,333],{"class":94},[69,134028,964],{"class":94},[69,134030,25],{"class":83},[69,134032,133186],{"class":121},[69,134034,113],{"class":83},[69,134036,3947],{"class":121},[69,134038,342],{"class":83},[14,134040,643],{},[60,134042,134044],{"className":62,"code":134043,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"hello world\n",[17,134045,134046],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,134047,134048],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,134049,134043],{"class":75},[1369,134051,134053,134056],{"id":134052},"join-creates-comma-separated-text",[17,134054,134055],{},"\", \".join(...)"," creates comma-separated text",[60,134058,134060],{"className":62,"code":134059,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\", \".join(colors))\n",[17,134061,134062,134094],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,134063,134064,134066,134068,134070,134072,134074,134076,134078,134080,134082,134084,134086,134088,134090,134092],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,134065,12720],{"class":75},[69,134067,80],{"class":79},[69,134069,84],{"class":83},[69,134071,333],{"class":94},[69,134073,12737],{"class":336},[69,134075,333],{"class":94},[69,134077,91],{"class":83},[69,134079,964],{"class":94},[69,134081,12754],{"class":336},[69,134083,333],{"class":94},[69,134085,91],{"class":83},[69,134087,964],{"class":94},[69,134089,17104],{"class":336},[69,134091,333],{"class":94},[69,134093,103],{"class":83},[69,134095,134096,134098,134100,134102,134104,134106,134108,134110,134112,134114],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,134097,110],{"class":109},[69,134099,113],{"class":83},[69,134101,333],{"class":94},[69,134103,2057],{"class":336},[69,134105,333],{"class":94},[69,134107,25],{"class":83},[69,134109,133186],{"class":121},[69,134111,113],{"class":83},[69,134113,17151],{"class":121},[69,134115,342],{"class":83},[14,134117,643],{},[60,134119,134121],{"className":62,"code":134120,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"red, blue, green\n",[17,134122,134123],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,134124,134125,134127,134129,134132,134134],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,134126,12737],{"class":75},[69,134128,91],{"class":83},[69,134130,134131],{"class":75}," blue",[69,134133,91],{"class":83},[69,134135,35533],{"class":75},[14,134137,134138],{},"This is useful when building simple CSV-style text.",[1369,134140,134142,134145],{"id":134141},"join-is-useful-for-slugs-or-ids",[17,134143,134144],{},"\"-\".join(...)"," is useful for slugs or IDs",[60,134147,134149],{"className":62,"code":134148,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"parts = [\"python\", \"string\", \"join\"]\nprint(\"-\".join(parts))\n",[17,134150,134151,134183],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,134152,134153,134155,134157,134159,134161,134163,134165,134167,134169,134171,134173,134175,134177,134179,134181],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,134154,42501],{"class":75},[69,134156,80],{"class":79},[69,134158,84],{"class":83},[69,134160,333],{"class":94},[69,134162,64],{"class":336},[69,134164,333],{"class":94},[69,134166,91],{"class":83},[69,134168,964],{"class":94},[69,134170,60845],{"class":336},[69,134172,333],{"class":94},[69,134174,91],{"class":83},[69,134176,964],{"class":94},[69,134178,133186],{"class":336},[69,134180,333],{"class":94},[69,134182,103],{"class":83},[69,134184,134185,134187,134189,134191,134193,134195,134197,134199,134201,134203],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,134186,110],{"class":109},[69,134188,113],{"class":83},[69,134190,333],{"class":94},[69,134192,1889],{"class":336},[69,134194,333],{"class":94},[69,134196,25],{"class":83},[69,134198,133186],{"class":121},[69,134200,113],{"class":83},[69,134202,42533],{"class":121},[69,134204,342],{"class":83},[14,134206,643],{},[60,134208,134210],{"className":62,"code":134209,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"python-string-join\n",[17,134211,134212],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,134213,134214,134216,134218,134220,134222],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,134215,64],{"class":75},[69,134217,1889],{"class":79},[69,134219,60845],{"class":75},[69,134221,1889],{"class":79},[69,134223,134224],{"class":75},"join\n",[1369,134226,134228,134231],{"id":134227},"join-joins-with-no-separator",[17,134229,134230],{},"\"\".join(...)"," joins with no separator",[60,134233,134235],{"className":62,"code":134234,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"chars = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\"]\nprint(\"\".join(chars))\n",[17,134236,134237,134270],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,134238,134239,134241,134243,134245,134247,134249,134251,134253,134255,134257,134259,134261,134263,134266,134268],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,134240,112606],{"class":75},[69,134242,80],{"class":79},[69,134244,84],{"class":83},[69,134246,333],{"class":94},[69,134248,21896],{"class":336},[69,134250,333],{"class":94},[69,134252,91],{"class":83},[69,134254,964],{"class":94},[69,134256,30255],{"class":336},[69,134258,333],{"class":94},[69,134260,91],{"class":83},[69,134262,964],{"class":94},[69,134264,134265],{"class":336},"C",[69,134267,333],{"class":94},[69,134269,103],{"class":83},[69,134271,134272,134274,134276,134278,134280,134282,134284,134287],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,134273,110],{"class":109},[69,134275,113],{"class":83},[69,134277,1111],{"class":94},[69,134279,25],{"class":83},[69,134281,133186],{"class":121},[69,134283,113],{"class":83},[69,134285,134286],{"class":121},"chars",[69,134288,342],{"class":83},[14,134290,643],{},[60,134292,134294],{"className":62,"code":134293,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"ABC\n",[17,134295,134296],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,134297,134298],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,134299,134293],{"class":34110},[141,134301,134303],{"id":134302},"what-types-of-values-work","What types of values work",[14,134305,134306,134308],{},[17,134307,133109],{}," works when every item is already a string.",[1369,134310,134312],{"id":134311},"this-works","This works",[60,134314,134316],{"className":62,"code":134315,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"values = [\"10\", \"20\", \"30\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[17,134317,134318,134350],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,134319,134320,134322,134324,134326,134328,134330,134332,134334,134336,134338,134340,134342,134344,134346,134348],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,134321,76],{"class":75},[69,134323,80],{"class":79},[69,134325,84],{"class":83},[69,134327,333],{"class":94},[69,134329,2197],{"class":336},[69,134331,333],{"class":94},[69,134333,91],{"class":83},[69,134335,964],{"class":94},[69,134337,15401],{"class":336},[69,134339,333],{"class":94},[69,134341,91],{"class":83},[69,134343,964],{"class":94},[69,134345,36502],{"class":336},[69,134347,333],{"class":94},[69,134349,103],{"class":83},[69,134351,134352,134354,134356,134358,134360,134362,134364,134366,134368,134370],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,134353,110],{"class":109},[69,134355,113],{"class":83},[69,134357,333],{"class":94},[69,134359,2057],{"class":336},[69,134361,333],{"class":94},[69,134363,25],{"class":83},[69,134365,133186],{"class":121},[69,134367,113],{"class":83},[69,134369,122],{"class":121},[69,134371,342],{"class":83},[14,134373,643],{},[60,134375,134377],{"className":62,"code":134376,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"10, 20, 30\n",[17,134378,134379],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,134380,134381,134383,134385,134387,134389],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,134382,2197],{"class":87},[69,134384,91],{"class":83},[69,134386,7420],{"class":87},[69,134388,91],{"class":83},[69,134390,134391],{"class":87}," 30\n",[1369,134393,134395],{"id":134394},"numbers-do-not-work-directly","Numbers do not work directly",[60,134397,134399],{"className":62,"code":134398,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[17,134400,134401,134421],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,134402,134403,134405,134407,134409,134411,134413,134415,134417,134419],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,134404,76],{"class":75},[69,134406,80],{"class":79},[69,134408,84],{"class":83},[69,134410,473],{"class":87},[69,134412,91],{"class":83},[69,134414,316],{"class":87},[69,134416,91],{"class":83},[69,134418,516],{"class":87},[69,134420,103],{"class":83},[69,134422,134423,134425,134427,134429,134431,134433,134435,134437,134439,134441],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,134424,110],{"class":109},[69,134426,113],{"class":83},[69,134428,333],{"class":94},[69,134430,2057],{"class":336},[69,134432,333],{"class":94},[69,134434,25],{"class":83},[69,134436,133186],{"class":121},[69,134438,113],{"class":83},[69,134440,122],{"class":121},[69,134442,342],{"class":83},[14,134444,89983,134445,134447],{},[17,134446,2870],{}," because the list contains integers, not strings.",[14,134449,134450],{},"To fix it, convert the values first:",[60,134452,134454],{"className":62,"code":134453,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,134455,134456,134476,134506,134510],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,134457,134458,134460,134462,134464,134466,134468,134470,134472,134474],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,134459,76],{"class":75},[69,134461,80],{"class":79},[69,134463,84],{"class":83},[69,134465,473],{"class":87},[69,134467,91],{"class":83},[69,134469,316],{"class":87},[69,134471,91],{"class":83},[69,134473,516],{"class":87},[69,134475,103],{"class":83},[69,134477,134478,134480,134482,134484,134486,134488,134490,134492,134494,134496,134498,134500,134502,134504],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,134479,839],{"class":75},[69,134481,80],{"class":79},[69,134483,964],{"class":94},[69,134485,2057],{"class":336},[69,134487,333],{"class":94},[69,134489,25],{"class":83},[69,134491,133186],{"class":121},[69,134493,113],{"class":83},[69,134495,39522],{"class":109},[69,134497,113],{"class":83},[69,134499,3309],{"class":1126},[69,134501,91],{"class":83},[69,134503,3724],{"class":121},[69,134505,342],{"class":83},[69,134507,134508],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,134509,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,134511,134512,134514,134516,134518],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,134513,110],{"class":109},[69,134515,113],{"class":83},[69,134517,876],{"class":121},[69,134519,221],{"class":83},[14,134521,643],{},[60,134523,134525],{"className":62,"code":134524,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"1, 2, 3\n",[17,134526,134527],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,134528,134529,134531,134533,134535,134537],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,134530,473],{"class":87},[69,134532,91],{"class":83},[69,134534,316],{"class":87},[69,134536,91],{"class":83},[69,134538,2444],{"class":87},[14,134540,134541,134542,25],{},"If you need a clearer explanation of string conversion, see ",[192,134543,3441,134544,1780],{"href":41839},[17,134545,47350],{},[1369,134547,134549,134551],{"id":134548},"none-values-do-not-work-directly",[17,134550,449],{}," values do not work directly",[60,134553,134555],{"className":62,"code":134554,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[17,134556,134557,134585],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,134558,134559,134561,134563,134565,134567,134569,134571,134573,134575,134577,134579,134581,134583],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,134560,76],{"class":75},[69,134562,80],{"class":79},[69,134564,84],{"class":83},[69,134566,333],{"class":94},[69,134568,952],{"class":336},[69,134570,333],{"class":94},[69,134572,91],{"class":83},[69,134574,567],{"class":289},[69,134576,91],{"class":83},[69,134578,964],{"class":94},[69,134580,967],{"class":336},[69,134582,333],{"class":94},[69,134584,103],{"class":83},[69,134586,134587,134589,134591,134593,134595,134597,134599,134601,134603,134605],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,134588,110],{"class":109},[69,134590,113],{"class":83},[69,134592,333],{"class":94},[69,134594,2057],{"class":336},[69,134596,333],{"class":94},[69,134598,25],{"class":83},[69,134600,133186],{"class":121},[69,134602,113],{"class":83},[69,134604,122],{"class":121},[69,134606,342],{"class":83},[14,134608,134609,134610,25],{},"This also causes a ",[17,134611,2870],{},[14,134613,134614],{},"One fix is to convert values to strings:",[60,134616,134618],{"className":62,"code":134617,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,134619,134620,134648,134678,134682],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,134621,134622,134624,134626,134628,134630,134632,134634,134636,134638,134640,134642,134644,134646],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,134623,76],{"class":75},[69,134625,80],{"class":79},[69,134627,84],{"class":83},[69,134629,333],{"class":94},[69,134631,952],{"class":336},[69,134633,333],{"class":94},[69,134635,91],{"class":83},[69,134637,567],{"class":289},[69,134639,91],{"class":83},[69,134641,964],{"class":94},[69,134643,967],{"class":336},[69,134645,333],{"class":94},[69,134647,103],{"class":83},[69,134649,134650,134652,134654,134656,134658,134660,134662,134664,134666,134668,134670,134672,134674,134676],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,134651,839],{"class":75},[69,134653,80],{"class":79},[69,134655,964],{"class":94},[69,134657,2057],{"class":336},[69,134659,333],{"class":94},[69,134661,25],{"class":83},[69,134663,133186],{"class":121},[69,134665,113],{"class":83},[69,134667,39522],{"class":109},[69,134669,113],{"class":83},[69,134671,3309],{"class":1126},[69,134673,91],{"class":83},[69,134675,3724],{"class":121},[69,134677,342],{"class":83},[69,134679,134680],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,134681,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,134683,134684,134686,134688,134690],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,134685,110],{"class":109},[69,134687,113],{"class":83},[69,134689,876],{"class":121},[69,134691,221],{"class":83},[14,134693,643],{},[60,134695,134697],{"className":62,"code":134696,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"apple, None, banana\n",[17,134698,134699],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,134700,134701,134703,134705,134707,134709],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,134702,952],{"class":75},[69,134704,91],{"class":83},[69,134706,567],{"class":289},[69,134708,91],{"class":83},[69,134710,134711],{"class":75}," banana\n",[14,134713,134714,134715,134717],{},"Be careful with this approach. Sometimes you may want to remove ",[17,134716,449],{}," values instead of converting them.",[1369,134719,134721,134723],{"id":134720},"join-also-works-with-tuples",[17,134722,133109],{}," also works with tuples",[60,134725,134727],{"className":62,"code":134726,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"names = (\"Sam\", \"Lee\", \"Mia\")\nprint(\" \u002F \".join(names))\n",[17,134728,134729,134761],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,134730,134731,134733,134735,134737,134739,134741,134743,134745,134747,134749,134751,134753,134755,134757,134759],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,134732,4822],{"class":75},[69,134734,80],{"class":79},[69,134736,8872],{"class":83},[69,134738,333],{"class":94},[69,134740,7306],{"class":336},[69,134742,333],{"class":94},[69,134744,91],{"class":83},[69,134746,964],{"class":94},[69,134748,131115],{"class":336},[69,134750,333],{"class":94},[69,134752,91],{"class":83},[69,134754,964],{"class":94},[69,134756,7552],{"class":336},[69,134758,333],{"class":94},[69,134760,221],{"class":83},[69,134762,134763,134765,134767,134769,134772,134774,134776,134778,134780,134782],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,134764,110],{"class":109},[69,134766,113],{"class":83},[69,134768,333],{"class":94},[69,134770,134771],{"class":336}," \u002F ",[69,134773,333],{"class":94},[69,134775,25],{"class":83},[69,134777,133186],{"class":121},[69,134779,113],{"class":83},[69,134781,4866],{"class":121},[69,134783,342],{"class":83},[14,134785,643],{},[60,134787,134789],{"className":62,"code":134788,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Sam \u002F Lee \u002F Mia\n",[17,134790,134791],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,134792,134793,134796,134798,134801,134803],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,134794,134795],{"class":75},"Sam ",[69,134797,126919],{"class":79},[69,134799,134800],{"class":75}," Lee ",[69,134802,126919],{"class":79},[69,134804,21985],{"class":75},[141,134806,134808,134809],{"id":134807},"common-errors-with-join","Common errors with ",[17,134810,133109],{},[14,134812,134813],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes.",[1369,134815,134817,134818,134820],{"id":134816},"_1-typeerror-because-not-all-items-are-strings","1. ",[17,134819,2870],{}," because not all items are strings",[60,134822,134824],{"className":62,"code":134823,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(items))\n",[17,134825,134826,134854],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,134827,134828,134830,134832,134834,134836,134838,134840,134842,134844,134846,134848,134850,134852],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,134829,7409],{"class":75},[69,134831,80],{"class":79},[69,134833,84],{"class":83},[69,134835,333],{"class":94},[69,134837,192],{"class":336},[69,134839,333],{"class":94},[69,134841,91],{"class":83},[69,134843,316],{"class":87},[69,134845,91],{"class":83},[69,134847,964],{"class":94},[69,134849,9376],{"class":336},[69,134851,333],{"class":94},[69,134853,103],{"class":83},[69,134855,134856,134858,134860,134862,134864,134866,134868,134870,134872],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,134857,110],{"class":109},[69,134859,113],{"class":83},[69,134861,333],{"class":94},[69,134863,964],{"class":94},[69,134865,25],{"class":83},[69,134867,133186],{"class":121},[69,134869,113],{"class":83},[69,134871,7440],{"class":121},[69,134873,342],{"class":83},[14,134875,48177,134876,134878],{},[17,134877,821],{}," is an integer.",[14,134880,38924],{},[60,134882,134884],{"className":62,"code":134883,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(map(str, items)))\n",[17,134885,134886,134914],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,134887,134888,134890,134892,134894,134896,134898,134900,134902,134904,134906,134908,134910,134912],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,134889,7409],{"class":75},[69,134891,80],{"class":79},[69,134893,84],{"class":83},[69,134895,333],{"class":94},[69,134897,192],{"class":336},[69,134899,333],{"class":94},[69,134901,91],{"class":83},[69,134903,316],{"class":87},[69,134905,91],{"class":83},[69,134907,964],{"class":94},[69,134909,9376],{"class":336},[69,134911,333],{"class":94},[69,134913,103],{"class":83},[69,134915,134916,134918,134920,134922,134924,134926,134928,134930,134932,134934,134936,134938,134940],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,134917,110],{"class":109},[69,134919,113],{"class":83},[69,134921,333],{"class":94},[69,134923,964],{"class":94},[69,134925,25],{"class":83},[69,134927,133186],{"class":121},[69,134929,113],{"class":83},[69,134931,39522],{"class":109},[69,134933,113],{"class":83},[69,134935,3309],{"class":1126},[69,134937,91],{"class":83},[69,134939,783],{"class":121},[69,134941,297],{"class":83},[14,134943,134944,134945,25],{},"If you see an error like this, read ",[192,134946,25332,134948],{"href":134947},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-sequence-item-0-expected-str-instance-fix\u002F",[17,134949,134950],{},"TypeError: sequence item 0: expected str instance",[1369,134952,134954,134955,134957],{"id":134953},"_2-calling-join-on-a-list-instead-of-a-string","2. Calling ",[17,134956,133109],{}," on a list instead of a string",[14,134959,1375],{},[60,134961,134963],{"className":62,"code":134962,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = words.join(\" \")\n",[17,134964,134965,134997],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,134966,134967,134969,134971,134973,134975,134977,134979,134981,134983,134985,134987,134989,134991,134993,134995],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,134968,943],{"class":75},[69,134970,80],{"class":79},[69,134972,84],{"class":83},[69,134974,333],{"class":94},[69,134976,6925],{"class":336},[69,134978,333],{"class":94},[69,134980,91],{"class":83},[69,134982,964],{"class":94},[69,134984,11836],{"class":336},[69,134986,333],{"class":94},[69,134988,91],{"class":83},[69,134990,964],{"class":94},[69,134992,133167],{"class":336},[69,134994,333],{"class":94},[69,134996,103],{"class":83},[69,134998,134999,135001,135003,135005,135007,135009,135011,135013,135015],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,135000,839],{"class":75},[69,135002,80],{"class":79},[69,135004,1004],{"class":75},[69,135006,25],{"class":83},[69,135008,133186],{"class":121},[69,135010,113],{"class":83},[69,135012,333],{"class":94},[69,135014,964],{"class":94},[69,135016,221],{"class":83},[14,135018,135019,135021],{},[17,135020,133109],{}," is a string method, not a list method.",[14,135023,10446],{},[60,135025,135027],{"className":62,"code":135026,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,135028,135029,135061,135081,135085],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,135030,135031,135033,135035,135037,135039,135041,135043,135045,135047,135049,135051,135053,135055,135057,135059],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,135032,943],{"class":75},[69,135034,80],{"class":79},[69,135036,84],{"class":83},[69,135038,333],{"class":94},[69,135040,6925],{"class":336},[69,135042,333],{"class":94},[69,135044,91],{"class":83},[69,135046,964],{"class":94},[69,135048,11836],{"class":336},[69,135050,333],{"class":94},[69,135052,91],{"class":83},[69,135054,964],{"class":94},[69,135056,133167],{"class":336},[69,135058,333],{"class":94},[69,135060,103],{"class":83},[69,135062,135063,135065,135067,135069,135071,135073,135075,135077,135079],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,135064,839],{"class":75},[69,135066,80],{"class":79},[69,135068,964],{"class":94},[69,135070,964],{"class":94},[69,135072,25],{"class":83},[69,135074,133186],{"class":121},[69,135076,113],{"class":83},[69,135078,3947],{"class":121},[69,135080,221],{"class":83},[69,135082,135083],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,135084,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,135086,135087,135089,135091,135093],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,135088,110],{"class":109},[69,135090,113],{"class":83},[69,135092,876],{"class":121},[69,135094,221],{"class":83},[1369,135096,135098],{"id":135097},"_3-using-the-wrong-separator","3. Using the wrong separator",[60,135100,135102],{"className":62,"code":135101,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[17,135103,135104,135136],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,135105,135106,135108,135110,135112,135114,135116,135118,135120,135122,135124,135126,135128,135130,135132,135134],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,135107,943],{"class":75},[69,135109,80],{"class":79},[69,135111,84],{"class":83},[69,135113,333],{"class":94},[69,135115,1434],{"class":336},[69,135117,333],{"class":94},[69,135119,91],{"class":83},[69,135121,964],{"class":94},[69,135123,78943],{"class":336},[69,135125,333],{"class":94},[69,135127,91],{"class":83},[69,135129,964],{"class":94},[69,135131,133913],{"class":336},[69,135133,333],{"class":94},[69,135135,103],{"class":83},[69,135137,135138,135140,135142,135144,135146,135148,135150,135152],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,135139,110],{"class":109},[69,135141,113],{"class":83},[69,135143,1111],{"class":94},[69,135145,25],{"class":83},[69,135147,133186],{"class":121},[69,135149,113],{"class":83},[69,135151,3947],{"class":121},[69,135153,342],{"class":83},[14,135155,643],{},[60,135157,135159],{"className":62,"code":135158,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"onetwothree\n",[17,135160,135161],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,135162,135163],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,135164,135158],{"class":75},[14,135166,135167,135168,1481],{},"If you wanted spaces, use ",[17,135169,133254],{},[1369,135171,135173,135174,131377],{"id":135172},"_4-forgetting-that-join-returns-a-new-string","4. Forgetting that ",[17,135175,133109],{},[60,135177,135179],{"className":62,"code":135178,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(words)\n",[17,135180,135181,135213,135231,135235],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,135182,135183,135185,135187,135189,135191,135193,135195,135197,135199,135201,135203,135205,135207,135209,135211],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,135184,943],{"class":75},[69,135186,80],{"class":79},[69,135188,84],{"class":83},[69,135190,333],{"class":94},[69,135192,192],{"class":336},[69,135194,333],{"class":94},[69,135196,91],{"class":83},[69,135198,964],{"class":94},[69,135200,4587],{"class":336},[69,135202,333],{"class":94},[69,135204,91],{"class":83},[69,135206,964],{"class":94},[69,135208,9376],{"class":336},[69,135210,333],{"class":94},[69,135212,103],{"class":83},[69,135214,135215,135217,135219,135221,135223,135225,135227,135229],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,135216,333],{"class":42993},[69,135218,1889],{"class":42997},[69,135220,333],{"class":42993},[69,135222,25],{"class":83},[69,135224,133186],{"class":121},[69,135226,113],{"class":83},[69,135228,3947],{"class":121},[69,135230,221],{"class":83},[69,135232,135233],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,135234,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,135236,135237,135239,135241,135243],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,135238,110],{"class":109},[69,135240,113],{"class":83},[69,135242,3947],{"class":121},[69,135244,221],{"class":83},[14,135246,643],{},[60,135248,135249],{"className":62,"code":42540,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,135250,135251],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,135252,135253,135255,135257,135259,135261,135263,135265,135267,135269,135271,135273,135275,135277],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,135254,3739],{"class":83},[69,135256,488],{"class":94},[69,135258,192],{"class":336},[69,135260,488],{"class":94},[69,135262,91],{"class":83},[69,135264,3161],{"class":94},[69,135266,4587],{"class":336},[69,135268,488],{"class":94},[69,135270,91],{"class":83},[69,135272,3161],{"class":94},[69,135274,9376],{"class":336},[69,135276,488],{"class":94},[69,135278,103],{"class":83},[14,135280,135281,135282,135284],{},"The list is unchanged because ",[17,135283,133109],{}," returns a new string. You need to store or print the result.",[141,135286,135288,135290,135291],{"id":135287},"join-vs-concatenation-with",[17,135289,133109],{}," vs concatenation with ",[17,135292,1926],{},[14,135294,10228,135295,587,135297,135299],{},[17,135296,133109],{},[17,135298,1926],{}," can combine strings, but they are used in different situations.",[1369,135301,132,135303,135305],{"id":135302},"use-for-a-small-number-of-fixed-strings",[17,135304,1926],{}," for a small number of fixed strings",[60,135307,135309],{"className":62,"code":135308,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"first = \"Hello\"\nsecond = \"World\"\nresult = first + \" \" + second\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,135310,135311,135324,135337,135357,135361],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,135312,135313,135316,135318,135320,135322],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,135314,135315],{"class":75},"first ",[69,135317,80],{"class":79},[69,135319,964],{"class":94},[69,135321,34525],{"class":336},[69,135323,3224],{"class":94},[69,135325,135326,135329,135331,135333,135335],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,135327,135328],{"class":75},"second ",[69,135330,80],{"class":79},[69,135332,964],{"class":94},[69,135334,89412],{"class":336},[69,135336,3224],{"class":94},[69,135338,135339,135341,135343,135346,135348,135350,135352,135354],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,135340,839],{"class":75},[69,135342,80],{"class":79},[69,135344,135345],{"class":75}," first ",[69,135347,1926],{"class":79},[69,135349,964],{"class":94},[69,135351,964],{"class":94},[69,135353,2320],{"class":79},[69,135355,135356],{"class":75}," second\n",[69,135358,135359],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,135360,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,135362,135363,135365,135367,135369],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,135364,110],{"class":109},[69,135366,113],{"class":83},[69,135368,876],{"class":121},[69,135370,221],{"class":83},[14,135372,643],{},[60,135374,135376],{"className":62,"code":135375,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Hello World\n",[17,135377,135378],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,135379,135380],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,135381,135375],{"class":75},[1369,135383,132,135385,135387],{"id":135384},"use-join-for-many-strings-or-a-list-of-strings",[17,135386,133109],{}," for many strings or a list of strings",[60,135389,135391],{"className":62,"code":135390,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = [\"Python\", \"makes\", \"this\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,135392,135393,135435,135455,135459],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,135394,135395,135397,135399,135401,135403,135405,135407,135409,135411,135414,135416,135418,135420,135423,135425,135427,135429,135431,135433],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,135396,943],{"class":75},[69,135398,80],{"class":79},[69,135400,84],{"class":83},[69,135402,333],{"class":94},[69,135404,6925],{"class":336},[69,135406,333],{"class":94},[69,135408,91],{"class":83},[69,135410,964],{"class":94},[69,135412,135413],{"class":336},"makes",[69,135415,333],{"class":94},[69,135417,91],{"class":83},[69,135419,964],{"class":94},[69,135421,135422],{"class":336},"this",[69,135424,333],{"class":94},[69,135426,91],{"class":83},[69,135428,964],{"class":94},[69,135430,133608],{"class":336},[69,135432,333],{"class":94},[69,135434,103],{"class":83},[69,135436,135437,135439,135441,135443,135445,135447,135449,135451,135453],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,135438,839],{"class":75},[69,135440,80],{"class":79},[69,135442,964],{"class":94},[69,135444,964],{"class":94},[69,135446,25],{"class":83},[69,135448,133186],{"class":121},[69,135450,113],{"class":83},[69,135452,3947],{"class":121},[69,135454,221],{"class":83},[69,135456,135457],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,135458,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,135460,135461,135463,135465,135467],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,135462,110],{"class":109},[69,135464,113],{"class":83},[69,135466,876],{"class":121},[69,135468,221],{"class":83},[14,135470,643],{},[60,135472,135474],{"className":62,"code":135473,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Python makes this easy\n",[17,135475,135476],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,135477,135478],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,135479,135473],{"class":75},[14,135481,135482,135484],{},[17,135483,133109],{}," is usually cleaner when:",[30,135486,135487,135490,135493],{},[33,135488,135489],{},"You already have a list of strings",[33,135491,135492],{},"You want the same separator between every item",[33,135494,135495,135496,135498],{},"You want to avoid writing many ",[17,135497,1926],{}," operators",[14,135500,135501,135502,25],{},"For a task-focused guide, see ",[192,135503,135505],{"href":135504},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-join-strings-in-python\u002F","how to join strings in Python",[141,135507,135509],{"id":135508},"common-mistakes-to-check","Common mistakes to check",[14,135511,8510,135512,135514],{},[17,135513,133109],{}," is not working, check these first:",[30,135516,135517,135520,135525,135534,135540],{},[33,135518,135519],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains integers",[33,135521,135522,135523],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains ",[17,135524,449],{},[33,135526,135527,135528,10731,135531],{},"You may have written ",[17,135529,135530],{},"list.join(...)",[17,135532,135533],{},"string.join(...)",[33,135535,135536,135537,135539],{},"You may be expecting ",[17,135538,133109],{}," to change the original iterable",[33,135541,135542],{},"You may have passed a non-iterable value",[14,135544,94052],{},[60,135546,135548],{"className":62,"code":135547,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(type(items))\nprint(items)\nprint([type(item) for item in items])\nprint(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))\nprint(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))\n",[17,135549,135550,135564,135574,135598,135638],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,135551,135552,135554,135556,135558,135560,135562],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,135553,110],{"class":109},[69,135555,113],{"class":83},[69,135557,3087],{"class":1126},[69,135559,113],{"class":83},[69,135561,7440],{"class":121},[69,135563,342],{"class":83},[69,135565,135566,135568,135570,135572],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,135567,110],{"class":109},[69,135569,113],{"class":83},[69,135571,7440],{"class":121},[69,135573,221],{"class":83},[69,135575,135576,135578,135580,135582,135584,135586,135588,135590,135592,135594,135596],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,135577,110],{"class":109},[69,135579,260],{"class":83},[69,135581,3087],{"class":1126},[69,135583,113],{"class":83},[69,135585,22962],{"class":121},[69,135587,3525],{"class":83},[69,135589,857],{"class":773},[69,135591,777],{"class":121},[69,135593,780],{"class":773},[69,135595,783],{"class":121},[69,135597,3727],{"class":83},[69,135599,135600,135602,135604,135606,135608,135610,135612,135614,135616,135618,135620,135622,135624,135626,135628,135630,135632,135634,135636],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,135601,110],{"class":109},[69,135603,113],{"class":83},[69,135605,488],{"class":94},[69,135607,3161],{"class":94},[69,135609,25],{"class":83},[69,135611,133186],{"class":121},[69,135613,260],{"class":83},[69,135615,488],{"class":94},[69,135617,192],{"class":336},[69,135619,488],{"class":94},[69,135621,91],{"class":83},[69,135623,3161],{"class":94},[69,135625,4587],{"class":336},[69,135627,488],{"class":94},[69,135629,91],{"class":83},[69,135631,3161],{"class":94},[69,135633,9376],{"class":336},[69,135635,488],{"class":94},[69,135637,275],{"class":83},[69,135639,135640,135642,135644,135646,135648,135650,135652,135654,135656,135658,135660,135662,135664,135666,135668,135670,135672,135674,135676],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,135641,110],{"class":109},[69,135643,113],{"class":83},[69,135645,488],{"class":94},[69,135647,2057],{"class":336},[69,135649,488],{"class":94},[69,135651,25],{"class":83},[69,135653,133186],{"class":121},[69,135655,113],{"class":83},[69,135657,39522],{"class":109},[69,135659,113],{"class":83},[69,135661,3309],{"class":1126},[69,135663,91],{"class":83},[69,135665,84],{"class":83},[69,135667,473],{"class":87},[69,135669,91],{"class":83},[69,135671,316],{"class":87},[69,135673,91],{"class":83},[69,135675,516],{"class":87},[69,135677,36926],{"class":83},[14,135679,135680],{},"What these checks do:",[30,135682,135683,135691,135697,135703,135712],{},[33,135684,135685,135688,135689,7728],{},[17,135686,135687],{},"print(type(items))"," shows what kind of value ",[17,135690,7440],{},[33,135692,135693,135696],{},[17,135694,135695],{},"print(items)"," shows the actual contents",[33,135698,135699,135702],{},[17,135700,135701],{},"print([type(item) for item in items])"," shows the type of each item",[33,135704,135705,135708,135709,135711],{},[17,135706,135707],{},"print(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))"," confirms normal ",[17,135710,133109],{}," behavior",[33,135713,135714,135717],{},[17,135715,135716],{},"print(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))"," shows how to join numbers after converting them",[141,135719,1651],{"id":1650},[1369,135721,12347,135723,135725],{"id":135722},"does-join-work-with-numbers",[17,135724,133109],{}," work with numbers?",[14,135727,135728,135729,135731,135732,25],{},"Not directly. ",[17,135730,133109],{}," needs strings. Convert numbers first, for example with ",[17,135733,135734],{},"map(str, values)",[1369,135736,12347,135738,56833],{"id":135737},"does-join-change-the-original-list",[17,135739,133109],{},[14,135741,135742],{},"No. It returns a new string and leaves the original list unchanged.",[1369,135744,27982,135746,62306],{"id":135745},"can-i-use-join-with-a-tuple",[17,135747,133109],{},[14,135749,41816,135750,135752],{},[17,135751,133109],{}," works with any iterable of strings, including tuples.",[1369,135754,4969,135756,39623],{"id":135755},"what-does-joinwords-do",[17,135757,135758],{},"''.join(words)",[14,135760,135761],{},"It joins the strings without adding any separator between them.",[1369,135763,135765,135766,135768,135769,2359],{"id":135764},"why-do-i-get-typeerror-when-using-join","Why do I get ",[17,135767,2870],{}," when using ",[17,135770,133109],{},[14,135772,135773],{},"Usually because at least one item in the iterable is not a string.",[141,135775,1771],{"id":1770},[30,135777,135778,135783,135789,135795,135801],{},[33,135779,135780],{},[192,135781,135782],{"href":135504},"How to join strings in Python",[33,135784,135785],{},[192,135786,126027,135787,10379],{"href":128714},[17,135788,60202],{},[33,135790,135791],{},[192,135792,3441,135793,1780],{"href":41839},[17,135794,47350],{},[33,135796,135797],{},[192,135798,30002,135799],{"href":134947},[17,135800,134950],{},[33,135802,135803],{},[192,135804,124782],{"href":50643},[14,135806,97022,135807,135809],{},[17,135808,133109],{},", you can use it in real tasks like formatting full names, building comma-separated text, and combining words from a list into a single string.",[1802,135811,135812],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":135814},[135815,135816,135818,135821,135828,135838,135846,135856,135863,135864,135876],{"id":3472,"depth":106,"text":3473},{"id":133226,"depth":106,"text":135817},"What join() does",{"id":2023,"depth":106,"text":2024,"children":135819},[135820],{"id":48676,"depth":300,"text":48677},{"id":121557,"depth":106,"text":121558,"children":135822},[135823,135824,135825,135826],{"id":133573,"depth":300,"text":133574},{"id":133665,"depth":300,"text":133666},{"id":133766,"depth":300,"text":133767},{"id":133875,"depth":300,"text":135827},"Show that join() returns the result",{"id":133978,"depth":106,"text":133979,"children":135829},[135830,135832,135834,135836],{"id":133985,"depth":300,"text":135831},"\" \".join(...) adds spaces",{"id":134052,"depth":300,"text":135833},"\", \".join(...) creates comma-separated text",{"id":134141,"depth":300,"text":135835},"\"-\".join(...) is useful for slugs or IDs",{"id":134227,"depth":300,"text":135837},"\"\".join(...) joins with no separator",{"id":134302,"depth":106,"text":134303,"children":135839},[135840,135841,135842,135844],{"id":134311,"depth":300,"text":134312},{"id":134394,"depth":300,"text":134395},{"id":134548,"depth":300,"text":135843},"None values do not work directly",{"id":134720,"depth":300,"text":135845},"join() also works with tuples",{"id":134807,"depth":106,"text":135847,"children":135848},"Common errors with join()",[135849,135851,135853,135854],{"id":134816,"depth":300,"text":135850},"1. TypeError because not all items are strings",{"id":134953,"depth":300,"text":135852},"2. Calling join() on a list instead of a string",{"id":135097,"depth":300,"text":135098},{"id":135172,"depth":300,"text":135855},"4. Forgetting that join() returns a new string",{"id":135287,"depth":106,"text":135857,"children":135858},"join() vs concatenation with +",[135859,135861],{"id":135302,"depth":300,"text":135860},"Use + for a small number of fixed strings",{"id":135384,"depth":300,"text":135862},"Use join() for many strings or a list of strings",{"id":135508,"depth":106,"text":135509},{"id":1650,"depth":106,"text":1651,"children":135865},[135866,135868,135870,135872,135874],{"id":135722,"depth":300,"text":135867},"Does join() work with numbers?",{"id":135737,"depth":300,"text":135869},"Does join() change the original list?",{"id":135745,"depth":300,"text":135871},"Can I use join() with a tuple?",{"id":135755,"depth":300,"text":135873},"What does ''.join(words) do?",{"id":135764,"depth":300,"text":135875},"Why do I get TypeError when using join()?",{"id":1770,"depth":106,"text":1771},"Master python string join method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method",{"title":133101,"description":135877},"reference\u002Fpython-string-join-method","PADX964Q2s6BEP50kMkmDZLOlBbvj8gTOpZn-HkZGPA",{"id":135884,"title":135885,"body":135886,"description":137454,"extension":1828,"meta":137455,"navigation":833,"path":137456,"seo":137457,"stem":137458,"__hash__":137459},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method.md","Python String lower() Method",{"type":7,"value":135887,"toc":137421},[135888,135893,135898,135900,135914,135959,135966,135971,135976,135978,135994,136003,136005,136007,136022,136024,136034,136036,136098,136100,136103,136164,136166,136182,136184,136197,136200,136247,136249,136255,136258,136261,136321,136329,136415,136419,136424,136426,136440,136443,136528,136531,136589,136600,136655,136657,136664,136670,136676,136720,136723,136770,136772,136774,136781,136783,136814,136817,136819,136850,136854,136857,136859,136899,136901,136944,136950,136955,136957,136984,136989,136992,137041,137045,137048,137123,137134,137137,137194,137201,137207,137215,137220,137227,137234,137252,137254,137308,137316,137318,137323,137326,137332,137338,137343,137346,137352,137358,137365,137373,137375,137418],[10,135889,123027,135891,10962],{"id":135890},"python-string-lower-method",[17,135892,123757],{},[14,135894,123032,135895,135897],{},[17,135896,123757],{}," method returns a lowercase version of a string.",[14,135899,23739],{},[30,135901,135902,135905,135908,135911],{},[33,135903,135904],{},"convert text to lowercase",[33,135906,135907],{},"compare text without case differences",[33,135909,135910],{},"clean up user input",[33,135912,135913],{},"make simple text matching easier",[60,135915,135917],{"className":62,"code":135916,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\nresult = text.lower()\nprint(result)  # hello world\n",[17,135918,135919,135932,135946],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,135920,135921,135923,135925,135927,135930],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,135922,34345],{"class":75},[69,135924,80],{"class":79},[69,135926,964],{"class":94},[69,135928,135929],{"class":336},"Hello WORLD",[69,135931,3224],{"class":94},[69,135933,135934,135936,135938,135940,135942,135944],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,135935,839],{"class":75},[69,135937,80],{"class":79},[69,135939,42506],{"class":75},[69,135941,25],{"class":83},[69,135943,8274],{"class":121},[69,135945,8277],{"class":83},[69,135947,135948,135950,135952,135954,135956],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,135949,110],{"class":109},[69,135951,113],{"class":83},[69,135953,876],{"class":121},[69,135955,3525],{"class":83},[69,135957,135958],{"class":128},"  # hello world\n",[14,135960,135961,88635,135963,135965],{},[22,135962,83493],{},[17,135964,123757],{}," returns a new string. It does not change the original string in place.",[141,135967,3540,135969,3543],{"id":135968},"what-lower-does",[17,135970,123757],{},[14,135972,135973,135975],{},[17,135974,123757],{}," is a string method that changes uppercase letters to lowercase letters.",[14,135977,12696],{},[30,135979,135980,135985,135988,135991],{},[33,135981,135982,135984],{},[17,135983,123757],{}," returns a lowercase version of a string",[33,135986,135987],{},"It works on string objects",[33,135989,135990],{},"It creates and returns a new string",[33,135992,135993],{},"The original string stays unchanged",[14,135995,124779,135996,136000,136001,25],{},[192,135997,135999],{"href":135998},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-string-in-python\u002F","what a string is in Python"," or learn more in ",[192,136002,50644],{"href":50643},[141,136004,2024],{"id":2023},[14,136006,2027],{},[60,136008,136010],{"className":62,"code":136009,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"string.lower()\n",[17,136011,136012],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,136013,136014,136016,136018,136020],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,136015,60845],{"class":75},[69,136017,25],{"class":83},[69,136019,8274],{"class":121},[69,136021,8277],{"class":83},[14,136023,43315],{},[30,136025,136026,136028,136031],{},[33,136027,97200],{},[33,136029,136030],{},"You call it directly on a string",[33,136032,136033],{},"You can use it on a string literal or a string variable",[14,136035,2076],{},[60,136037,136039],{"className":62,"code":136038,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(\"HELLO\".lower())  # hello\n\nname = \"PyThOn\"\nprint(name.lower())  # python\n",[17,136040,136041,136064,136068,136081],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,136042,136043,136045,136047,136049,136052,136054,136056,136058,136061],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,136044,110],{"class":109},[69,136046,113],{"class":83},[69,136048,333],{"class":94},[69,136050,136051],{"class":336},"HELLO",[69,136053,333],{"class":94},[69,136055,25],{"class":83},[69,136057,8274],{"class":121},[69,136059,136060],{"class":83},"())",[69,136062,136063],{"class":128},"  # hello\n",[69,136065,136066],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,136067,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,136069,136070,136072,136074,136076,136079],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,136071,7507],{"class":75},[69,136073,80],{"class":79},[69,136075,964],{"class":94},[69,136077,136078],{"class":336},"PyThOn",[69,136080,3224],{"class":94},[69,136082,136083,136085,136087,136089,136091,136093,136095],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,136084,110],{"class":109},[69,136086,113],{"class":83},[69,136088,7297],{"class":121},[69,136090,25],{"class":83},[69,136092,8274],{"class":121},[69,136094,136060],{"class":83},[69,136096,136097],{"class":128},"  # python\n",[141,136099,11116],{"id":11115},[14,136101,136102],{},"Here is a basic example with a variable:",[60,136104,136106],{"className":62,"code":136105,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\n\nlower_text = text.lower()\n\nprint(lower_text)\nprint(text)\n",[17,136107,136108,136120,136124,136139,136143,136154],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,136109,136110,136112,136114,136116,136118],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,136111,34345],{"class":75},[69,136113,80],{"class":79},[69,136115,964],{"class":94},[69,136117,135929],{"class":336},[69,136119,3224],{"class":94},[69,136121,136122],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,136123,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,136125,136126,136129,136131,136133,136135,136137],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,136127,136128],{"class":75},"lower_text ",[69,136130,80],{"class":79},[69,136132,42506],{"class":75},[69,136134,25],{"class":83},[69,136136,8274],{"class":121},[69,136138,8277],{"class":83},[69,136140,136141],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,136142,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,136144,136145,136147,136149,136152],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,136146,110],{"class":109},[69,136148,113],{"class":83},[69,136150,136151],{"class":121},"lower_text",[69,136153,221],{"class":83},[69,136155,136156,136158,136160,136162],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,136157,110],{"class":109},[69,136159,113],{"class":83},[69,136161,34366],{"class":121},[69,136163,221],{"class":83},[14,136165,643],{},[60,136167,136169],{"className":62,"code":136168,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"hello world\nHello WORLD\n",[17,136170,136171,136175],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,136172,136173],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,136174,134043],{"class":75},[69,136176,136177,136179],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,136178,131443],{"class":75},[69,136180,136181],{"class":34110},"WORLD\n",[14,136183,24259],{},[30,136185,136186,136191],{},[33,136187,136188,136190],{},[17,136189,123757],{}," returns the lowercase result",[33,136192,136193,136194,136196],{},"the original ",[17,136195,34366],{}," variable does not change unless you reassign it",[14,136198,136199],{},"If you want to keep the lowercase version in the same variable, reassign it:",[60,136201,136203],{"className":62,"code":136202,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello world\n",[17,136204,136205,136217,136231,136235],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,136206,136207,136209,136211,136213,136215],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,136208,34345],{"class":75},[69,136210,80],{"class":79},[69,136212,964],{"class":94},[69,136214,135929],{"class":336},[69,136216,3224],{"class":94},[69,136218,136219,136221,136223,136225,136227,136229],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,136220,34345],{"class":75},[69,136222,80],{"class":79},[69,136224,42506],{"class":75},[69,136226,25],{"class":83},[69,136228,8274],{"class":121},[69,136230,8277],{"class":83},[69,136232,136233],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,136234,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,136236,136237,136239,136241,136243,136245],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,136238,110],{"class":109},[69,136240,113],{"class":83},[69,136242,34366],{"class":121},[69,136244,3525],{"class":83},[69,136246,135958],{"class":128},[141,136248,17067],{"id":17066},[14,136250,136251,21626,136253,25],{},[17,136252,123757],{},[22,136254,60845],{},[14,136256,136257],{},"That means you can store the result in a variable, print it, or use it in comparisons.",[14,136259,136260],{},"A common beginner use case is comparing text in a case-insensitive way:",[60,136262,136264],{"className":62,"code":136263,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"answer = \"YES\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Correct\")\n",[17,136265,136266,136280,136284,136307],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,136267,136268,136271,136273,136275,136278],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,136269,136270],{"class":75},"answer ",[69,136272,80],{"class":79},[69,136274,964],{"class":94},[69,136276,136277],{"class":336},"YES",[69,136279,3224],{"class":94},[69,136281,136282],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,136283,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,136285,136286,136288,136291,136293,136295,136297,136299,136301,136303,136305],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,136287,6625],{"class":773},[69,136289,136290],{"class":75}," answer",[69,136292,25],{"class":83},[69,136294,8274],{"class":121},[69,136296,6994],{"class":83},[69,136298,1251],{"class":79},[69,136300,964],{"class":94},[69,136302,8292],{"class":336},[69,136304,333],{"class":94},[69,136306,1235],{"class":83},[69,136308,136309,136311,136313,136315,136317,136319],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,136310,7700],{"class":109},[69,136312,113],{"class":83},[69,136314,333],{"class":94},[69,136316,96509],{"class":336},[69,136318,333],{"class":94},[69,136320,221],{"class":83},[14,136322,136323,136324,1044],{},"This is especially useful with ",[192,136325,136326,136327,2169],{"href":7851},"the ",[17,136328,2825],{},[60,136330,136332],{"className":62,"code":136331,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"answer = input(\"Type yes or no: \")\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"You typed yes\")\nelse:\n    print(\"You typed something else\")\n",[17,136333,136334,136353,136357,136379,136394,136400],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,136335,136336,136338,136340,136342,136344,136346,136349,136351],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,136337,136270],{"class":75},[69,136339,80],{"class":79},[69,136341,7874],{"class":109},[69,136343,113],{"class":83},[69,136345,333],{"class":94},[69,136347,136348],{"class":336},"Type yes or no: ",[69,136350,333],{"class":94},[69,136352,221],{"class":83},[69,136354,136355],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,136356,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,136358,136359,136361,136363,136365,136367,136369,136371,136373,136375,136377],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,136360,6625],{"class":773},[69,136362,136290],{"class":75},[69,136364,25],{"class":83},[69,136366,8274],{"class":121},[69,136368,6994],{"class":83},[69,136370,1251],{"class":79},[69,136372,964],{"class":94},[69,136374,8292],{"class":336},[69,136376,333],{"class":94},[69,136378,1235],{"class":83},[69,136380,136381,136383,136385,136387,136390,136392],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,136382,7700],{"class":109},[69,136384,113],{"class":83},[69,136386,333],{"class":94},[69,136388,136389],{"class":336},"You typed yes",[69,136391,333],{"class":94},[69,136393,221],{"class":83},[69,136395,136396,136398],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,136397,27087],{"class":773},[69,136399,1235],{"class":83},[69,136401,136402,136404,136406,136408,136411,136413],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,136403,7700],{"class":109},[69,136405,113],{"class":83},[69,136407,333],{"class":94},[69,136409,136410],{"class":336},"You typed something else",[69,136412,333],{"class":94},[69,136414,221],{"class":83},[141,136416,136418],{"id":136417},"common-use-cases","Common use cases",[14,136420,136421,136423],{},[17,136422,123757],{}," is often used to normalize text before working with it.",[14,136425,6971],{},[30,136427,136428,136431,136434,136437],{},[33,136429,136430],{},"Normalize user input before comparison",[33,136432,136433],{},"Make text matching easier",[33,136435,136436],{},"Prepare text for simple searches",[33,136438,136439],{},"Clean mixed-case data",[14,136441,136442],{},"Example: checking user input",[60,136444,136446],{"className":62,"code":136445,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\n\nif color.lower() == \"blue\":\n    print(\"Nice choice!\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Got it.\")\n",[17,136447,136448,136466,136470,136492,136507,136513],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,136449,136450,136452,136454,136456,136458,136460,136462,136464],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,136451,44624],{"class":75},[69,136453,80],{"class":79},[69,136455,7874],{"class":109},[69,136457,113],{"class":83},[69,136459,333],{"class":94},[69,136461,44635],{"class":336},[69,136463,333],{"class":94},[69,136465,221],{"class":83},[69,136467,136468],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,136469,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,136471,136472,136474,136476,136478,136480,136482,136484,136486,136488,136490],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,136473,6625],{"class":773},[69,136475,35510],{"class":75},[69,136477,25],{"class":83},[69,136479,8274],{"class":121},[69,136481,6994],{"class":83},[69,136483,1251],{"class":79},[69,136485,964],{"class":94},[69,136487,12754],{"class":336},[69,136489,333],{"class":94},[69,136491,1235],{"class":83},[69,136493,136494,136496,136498,136500,136503,136505],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,136495,7700],{"class":109},[69,136497,113],{"class":83},[69,136499,333],{"class":94},[69,136501,136502],{"class":336},"Nice choice!",[69,136504,333],{"class":94},[69,136506,221],{"class":83},[69,136508,136509,136511],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,136510,27087],{"class":773},[69,136512,1235],{"class":83},[69,136514,136515,136517,136519,136521,136524,136526],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,136516,7700],{"class":109},[69,136518,113],{"class":83},[69,136520,333],{"class":94},[69,136522,136523],{"class":336},"Got it.",[69,136525,333],{"class":94},[69,136527,221],{"class":83},[14,136529,136530],{},"Example: simple search",[60,136532,136534],{"className":62,"code":136533,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"message = \"Python Is Fun\"\n\nif \"python\" in message.lower():\n    print(\"Found it\")\n",[17,136535,136536,136549,136553,136574],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,136537,136538,136540,136542,136544,136547],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,136539,89679],{"class":75},[69,136541,80],{"class":79},[69,136543,964],{"class":94},[69,136545,136546],{"class":336},"Python Is Fun",[69,136548,3224],{"class":94},[69,136550,136551],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,136552,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,136554,136555,136557,136559,136561,136563,136565,136568,136570,136572],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,136556,6625],{"class":773},[69,136558,964],{"class":94},[69,136560,64],{"class":336},[69,136562,333],{"class":94},[69,136564,20824],{"class":79},[69,136566,136567],{"class":75}," message",[69,136569,25],{"class":83},[69,136571,8274],{"class":121},[69,136573,21246],{"class":83},[69,136575,136576,136578,136580,136582,136585,136587],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,136577,7700],{"class":109},[69,136579,113],{"class":83},[69,136581,333],{"class":94},[69,136583,136584],{"class":336},"Found it",[69,136586,333],{"class":94},[69,136588,221],{"class":83},[14,136590,136591,136592,136594,136595,1044],{},"If you also need to remove extra spaces, ",[17,136593,123757],{}," is often used with ",[192,136596,136598],{"href":136597},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method\u002F",[17,136599,41317],{},[60,136601,136603],{"className":62,"code":136602,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"name = \"  ALICE  \"\nclean_name = name.strip().lower()\n\nprint(clean_name)  # alice\n",[17,136604,136605,136618,136637,136641],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,136606,136607,136609,136611,136613,136616],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,136608,7507],{"class":75},[69,136610,80],{"class":79},[69,136612,964],{"class":94},[69,136614,136615],{"class":336},"  ALICE  ",[69,136617,3224],{"class":94},[69,136619,136620,136623,136625,136627,136629,136631,136633,136635],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,136621,136622],{"class":75},"clean_name ",[69,136624,80],{"class":79},[69,136626,35651],{"class":75},[69,136628,25],{"class":83},[69,136630,8268],{"class":121},[69,136632,8271],{"class":83},[69,136634,8274],{"class":121},[69,136636,8277],{"class":83},[69,136638,136639],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,136640,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,136642,136643,136645,136647,136650,136652],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,136644,110],{"class":109},[69,136646,113],{"class":83},[69,136648,136649],{"class":121},"clean_name",[69,136651,3525],{"class":83},[69,136653,136654],{"class":128},"  # alice\n",[141,136656,15243],{"id":15242},[14,136658,136659,136660,136663],{},"Strings are ",[22,136661,136662],{},"immutable"," in Python.",[14,136665,136666,136667,136669],{},"That means a string cannot be changed in place. Methods like ",[17,136668,123757],{}," do not edit the original string. They return a new one.",[14,136671,136672,136673,136675],{},"So this does ",[22,136674,4457],{}," update the original variable:",[60,136677,136679],{"className":62,"code":136678,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # HELLO\n",[17,136680,136681,136693,136703,136707],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,136682,136683,136685,136687,136689,136691],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,136684,34345],{"class":75},[69,136686,80],{"class":79},[69,136688,964],{"class":94},[69,136690,136051],{"class":336},[69,136692,3224],{"class":94},[69,136694,136695,136697,136699,136701],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,136696,34366],{"class":75},[69,136698,25],{"class":83},[69,136700,8274],{"class":121},[69,136702,8277],{"class":83},[69,136704,136705],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,136706,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,136708,136709,136711,136713,136715,136717],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,136710,110],{"class":109},[69,136712,113],{"class":83},[69,136714,34366],{"class":121},[69,136716,3525],{"class":83},[69,136718,136719],{"class":128},"  # HELLO\n",[14,136721,136722],{},"To keep the lowercase version, save the result:",[60,136724,136726],{"className":62,"code":136725,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[17,136727,136728,136740,136754,136758],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,136729,136730,136732,136734,136736,136738],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,136731,34345],{"class":75},[69,136733,80],{"class":79},[69,136735,964],{"class":94},[69,136737,136051],{"class":336},[69,136739,3224],{"class":94},[69,136741,136742,136744,136746,136748,136750,136752],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,136743,34345],{"class":75},[69,136745,80],{"class":79},[69,136747,42506],{"class":75},[69,136749,25],{"class":83},[69,136751,8274],{"class":121},[69,136753,8277],{"class":83},[69,136755,136756],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,136757,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,136759,136760,136762,136764,136766,136768],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,136761,110],{"class":109},[69,136763,113],{"class":83},[69,136765,34366],{"class":121},[69,136767,3525],{"class":83},[69,136769,136063],{"class":128},[141,136771,2698],{"id":2697},[1369,136773,25340],{"id":25339},[14,136775,136776,136777,10731,136779,25],{},"A very common mistake is writing ",[17,136778,8274],{},[17,136780,123757],{},[14,136782,16291],{},[60,136784,136786],{"className":62,"code":136785,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower)\n",[17,136787,136788,136800],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,136789,136790,136792,136794,136796,136798],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,136791,34345],{"class":75},[69,136793,80],{"class":79},[69,136795,964],{"class":94},[69,136797,136051],{"class":336},[69,136799,3224],{"class":94},[69,136801,136802,136804,136806,136808,136810,136812],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,136803,110],{"class":109},[69,136805,113],{"class":83},[69,136807,34366],{"class":121},[69,136809,25],{"class":83},[69,136811,8274],{"class":24402},[69,136813,221],{"class":83},[14,136815,136816],{},"This prints the method itself, not the lowercase string.",[14,136818,16303],{},[60,136820,136822],{"className":62,"code":136821,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower())\n",[17,136823,136824,136836],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,136825,136826,136828,136830,136832,136834],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,136827,34345],{"class":75},[69,136829,80],{"class":79},[69,136831,964],{"class":94},[69,136833,136051],{"class":336},[69,136835,3224],{"class":94},[69,136837,136838,136840,136842,136844,136846,136848],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,136839,110],{"class":109},[69,136841,113],{"class":83},[69,136843,34366],{"class":121},[69,136845,25],{"class":83},[69,136847,8274],{"class":121},[69,136849,6822],{"class":83},[1369,136851,136853],{"id":136852},"not-saving-the-result","Not saving the result",[14,136855,136856],{},"Another common mistake is expecting the original variable to change automatically.",[14,136858,16291],{},[60,136860,136862],{"className":62,"code":136861,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\nprint(text)  # still HELLO\n",[17,136863,136864,136876,136886],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,136865,136866,136868,136870,136872,136874],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,136867,34345],{"class":75},[69,136869,80],{"class":79},[69,136871,964],{"class":94},[69,136873,136051],{"class":336},[69,136875,3224],{"class":94},[69,136877,136878,136880,136882,136884],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,136879,34366],{"class":75},[69,136881,25],{"class":83},[69,136883,8274],{"class":121},[69,136885,8277],{"class":83},[69,136887,136888,136890,136892,136894,136896],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,136889,110],{"class":109},[69,136891,113],{"class":83},[69,136893,34366],{"class":121},[69,136895,3525],{"class":83},[69,136897,136898],{"class":128},"  # still HELLO\n",[14,136900,16303],{},[60,136902,136904],{"className":62,"code":136903,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[17,136905,136906,136918,136932],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,136907,136908,136910,136912,136914,136916],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,136909,34345],{"class":75},[69,136911,80],{"class":79},[69,136913,964],{"class":94},[69,136915,136051],{"class":336},[69,136917,3224],{"class":94},[69,136919,136920,136922,136924,136926,136928,136930],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,136921,34345],{"class":75},[69,136923,80],{"class":79},[69,136925,42506],{"class":75},[69,136927,25],{"class":83},[69,136929,8274],{"class":121},[69,136931,8277],{"class":83},[69,136933,136934,136936,136938,136940,136942],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,136935,110],{"class":109},[69,136937,113],{"class":83},[69,136939,34366],{"class":121},[69,136941,3525],{"class":83},[69,136943,136063],{"class":128},[1369,136945,8050,136947,136949],{"id":136946},"using-lower-on-a-non-string-value",[17,136948,123757],{}," on a non-string value",[14,136951,136952,136954],{},[17,136953,123757],{}," only works on strings.",[14,136956,16291],{},[60,136958,136960],{"className":62,"code":136959,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"number = 123\nprint(number.lower())\n",[17,136961,136962,136970],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,136963,136964,136966,136968],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,136965,1334],{"class":75},[69,136967,80],{"class":79},[69,136969,124709],{"class":87},[69,136971,136972,136974,136976,136978,136980,136982],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,136973,110],{"class":109},[69,136975,113],{"class":83},[69,136977,2106],{"class":121},[69,136979,25],{"class":83},[69,136981,8274],{"class":121},[69,136983,6822],{"class":83},[14,136985,136986,136987,33257],{},"This causes an error because integers do not have a ",[17,136988,123757],{},[14,136990,136991],{},"You can check the type first:",[60,136993,136995],{"className":62,"code":136994,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"HELLO\"\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.lower())\n",[17,136996,136997,137009,137013,137027],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,136998,136999,137001,137003,137005,137007],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,137000,34345],{"class":75},[69,137002,80],{"class":79},[69,137004,964],{"class":94},[69,137006,136051],{"class":336},[69,137008,3224],{"class":94},[69,137010,137011],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,137012,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,137014,137015,137017,137019,137021,137023,137025],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,137016,110],{"class":109},[69,137018,113],{"class":83},[69,137020,3087],{"class":1126},[69,137022,113],{"class":83},[69,137024,34366],{"class":121},[69,137026,342],{"class":83},[69,137028,137029,137031,137033,137035,137037,137039],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,137030,110],{"class":109},[69,137032,113],{"class":83},[69,137034,34366],{"class":121},[69,137036,25],{"class":83},[69,137038,8274],{"class":121},[69,137040,6822],{"class":83},[1369,137042,137044],{"id":137043},"comparing-text-without-normalizing-case","Comparing text without normalizing case",[14,137046,137047],{},"This can cause unexpected results:",[60,137049,137051],{"className":62,"code":137050,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\nelse:\n    print(\"No match\")\n",[17,137052,137053,137066,137070,137087,137102,137108],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,137054,137055,137057,137059,137061,137064],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,137056,136270],{"class":75},[69,137058,80],{"class":79},[69,137060,964],{"class":94},[69,137062,137063],{"class":336},"Yes",[69,137065,3224],{"class":94},[69,137067,137068],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,137069,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,137071,137072,137074,137077,137079,137081,137083,137085],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,137073,6625],{"class":773},[69,137075,137076],{"class":75}," answer ",[69,137078,992],{"class":79},[69,137080,964],{"class":94},[69,137082,8292],{"class":336},[69,137084,333],{"class":94},[69,137086,1235],{"class":83},[69,137088,137089,137091,137093,137095,137098,137100],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,137090,7700],{"class":109},[69,137092,113],{"class":83},[69,137094,333],{"class":94},[69,137096,137097],{"class":336},"Match",[69,137099,333],{"class":94},[69,137101,221],{"class":83},[69,137103,137104,137106],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,137105,27087],{"class":773},[69,137107,1235],{"class":83},[69,137109,137110,137112,137114,137116,137119,137121],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,137111,7700],{"class":109},[69,137113,113],{"class":83},[69,137115,333],{"class":94},[69,137117,137118],{"class":336},"No match",[69,137120,333],{"class":94},[69,137122,221],{"class":83},[14,137124,28715,137125,587,137128,137131,137132,25],{},[17,137126,137127],{},"\"Yes\"",[17,137129,137130],{},"\"yes\""," are different strings, this prints ",[17,137133,137118],{},[14,137135,137136],{},"Better:",[60,137138,137140],{"className":62,"code":137139,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\n",[17,137141,137142,137154,137158,137180],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,137143,137144,137146,137148,137150,137152],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,137145,136270],{"class":75},[69,137147,80],{"class":79},[69,137149,964],{"class":94},[69,137151,137063],{"class":336},[69,137153,3224],{"class":94},[69,137155,137156],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,137157,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,137159,137160,137162,137164,137166,137168,137170,137172,137174,137176,137178],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,137161,6625],{"class":773},[69,137163,136290],{"class":75},[69,137165,25],{"class":83},[69,137167,8274],{"class":121},[69,137169,6994],{"class":83},[69,137171,1251],{"class":79},[69,137173,964],{"class":94},[69,137175,8292],{"class":336},[69,137177,333],{"class":94},[69,137179,1235],{"class":83},[69,137181,137182,137184,137186,137188,137190,137192],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,137183,7700],{"class":109},[69,137185,113],{"class":83},[69,137187,333],{"class":94},[69,137189,137097],{"class":336},[69,137191,333],{"class":94},[69,137193,221],{"class":83},[1369,137195,43878,137197,137200],{"id":137196},"when-casefold-may-be-better",[17,137198,137199],{},"casefold()"," may be better",[14,137202,137203,137204,137206],{},"For most beginner examples, ",[17,137205,123757],{}," is enough.",[14,137208,137209,137210,137212,137213,25],{},"But for advanced Unicode case-insensitive matching, ",[17,137211,137199],{}," can be stronger than ",[17,137214,123757],{},[14,137216,137217,137218,122269],{},"For everyday beginner tasks like input checking and simple comparisons, ",[17,137219,123757],{},[141,137221,137223,10223,137225],{"id":137222},"lower-vs-upper",[17,137224,123757],{},[17,137226,127905],{},[14,137228,137229,587,137231,137233],{},[17,137230,123757],{},[17,137232,127905],{}," are very similar.",[30,137235,137236,137241,137246,137249],{},[33,137237,137238,137240],{},[17,137239,123757],{}," changes letters to lowercase",[33,137242,137243,137245],{},[17,137244,127905],{}," changes letters to uppercase",[33,137247,137248],{},"Both return new strings",[33,137250,137251],{},"Both leave the original string unchanged unless you reassign the result",[14,137253,2076],{},[60,137255,137257],{"className":62,"code":137256,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower())  # hello world\nprint(text.upper())  # HELLO WORLD\n",[17,137258,137259,137271,137275,137291],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,137260,137261,137263,137265,137267,137269],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,137262,34345],{"class":75},[69,137264,80],{"class":79},[69,137266,964],{"class":94},[69,137268,128746],{"class":336},[69,137270,3224],{"class":94},[69,137272,137273],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,137274,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,137276,137277,137279,137281,137283,137285,137287,137289],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,137278,110],{"class":109},[69,137280,113],{"class":83},[69,137282,34366],{"class":121},[69,137284,25],{"class":83},[69,137286,8274],{"class":121},[69,137288,136060],{"class":83},[69,137290,135958],{"class":128},[69,137292,137293,137295,137297,137299,137301,137303,137305],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,137294,110],{"class":109},[69,137296,113],{"class":83},[69,137298,34366],{"class":121},[69,137300,25],{"class":83},[69,137302,34135],{"class":121},[69,137304,136060],{"class":83},[69,137306,137307],{"class":128},"  # HELLO WORLD\n",[14,137309,137310,137311,25],{},"If you want the opposite conversion, see the ",[192,137312,126027,137314,10379],{"href":137313},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method\u002F",[17,137315,127905],{},[141,137317,1651],{"id":1650},[1369,137319,12347,137321,124354],{"id":137320},"does-lower-change-the-original-string",[17,137322,123757],{},[14,137324,137325],{},"No. It returns a new lowercase string. Reassign it if needed.",[1369,137327,12347,137329,137331],{"id":137328},"does-lower-take-any-arguments",[17,137330,123757],{}," take any arguments?",[14,137333,137334,137335,25],{},"No. The method is called as ",[17,137336,137337],{},"string.lower()",[1369,137339,4969,137341,12359],{"id":137340},"what-does-lower-return",[17,137342,123757],{},[14,137344,137345],{},"It returns a new string with lowercase letters.",[1369,137347,27982,137349,137351],{"id":137348},"can-i-use-lower-on-user-input",[17,137350,123757],{}," on user input?",[14,137353,137354,137355,137357],{},"Yes. It is commonly used with ",[17,137356,2825],{}," to compare answers without case problems.",[1369,137359,5006,137361,587,137363,2359],{"id":137360},"what-is-the-difference-between-lower-and-casefold",[17,137362,123757],{},[17,137364,137199],{},[14,137366,137367,137369,137370,137372],{},[17,137368,123757],{}," is simpler and common for beginners. ",[17,137371,137199],{}," is stronger for some Unicode case-insensitive comparisons.",[141,137374,1771],{"id":1770},[30,137376,137377,137381,137387,137393,137399,137403,137407,137413],{},[33,137378,137379],{},[192,137380,50644],{"href":50643},[33,137382,137383],{},[192,137384,126027,137385,10379],{"href":137313},[17,137386,127905],{},[33,137388,137389],{},[192,137390,126027,137391,10379],{"href":136597},[17,137392,41317],{},[33,137394,137395],{},[192,137396,126027,137397,10379],{"href":129608},[17,137398,124198],{},[33,137400,137401],{},[192,137402,124426],{"href":123282},[33,137404,137405],{},[192,137406,90355],{"href":89364},[33,137408,137409],{},[192,137410,3441,137411,1780],{"href":7851},[17,137412,2825],{},[33,137414,137415],{},[192,137416,137417],{"href":135998},"What is a string in Python?",[1802,137419,137420],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":137422},[137423,137425,137426,137427,137428,137429,137430,137439,137441,137453],{"id":135968,"depth":106,"text":137424},"What lower() does",{"id":2023,"depth":106,"text":2024},{"id":11115,"depth":106,"text":11116},{"id":17066,"depth":106,"text":17067},{"id":136417,"depth":106,"text":136418},{"id":15242,"depth":106,"text":15243},{"id":2697,"depth":106,"text":2698,"children":137431},[137432,137433,137434,137436,137437],{"id":25339,"depth":300,"text":25340},{"id":136852,"depth":300,"text":136853},{"id":136946,"depth":300,"text":137435},"Using lower() on a non-string value",{"id":137043,"depth":300,"text":137044},{"id":137196,"depth":300,"text":137438},"When casefold() may be better",{"id":137222,"depth":106,"text":137440},"lower() vs upper()",{"id":1650,"depth":106,"text":1651,"children":137442},[137443,137445,137447,137449,137451],{"id":137320,"depth":300,"text":137444},"Does lower() change the original string?",{"id":137328,"depth":300,"text":137446},"Does lower() take any arguments?",{"id":137340,"depth":300,"text":137448},"What does lower() return?",{"id":137348,"depth":300,"text":137450},"Can I use lower() on user input?",{"id":137360,"depth":300,"text":137452},"What is the difference between lower() and casefold()?",{"id":1770,"depth":106,"text":1771},"Master python string lower method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method",{"title":135885,"description":137454},"reference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method","Aspap5dswZ0jaW6T8G5ZAbmL8ux0eq3khybJYFtYHM8",{"id":137461,"title":137462,"body":137463,"description":139013,"extension":1828,"meta":139014,"navigation":833,"path":139015,"seo":139016,"stem":139017,"__hash__":139018},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method.md","Python String replace() Method",{"type":7,"value":137464,"toc":138974},[137465,137470,137475,137481,137496,137498,137558,137560,137569,137575,137580,137585,137587,137601,137605,137607,137654,137656,137674,137676,137679,137750,137752,137766,137769,137781,137790,137794,137799,137804,137808,137874,137876,137885,137889,137954,137956,137965,137968,137973,137977,137982,137986,138047,138049,138058,138062,138065,138121,138123,138132,138135,138148,138150,138154,138161,138223,138225,138238,138244,138247,138254,138259,138264,138267,138275,138277,138338,138340,138349,138352,138399,138402,138449,138451,138456,138473,138480,138485,138538,138540,138548,138550,138607,138609,138617,138621,138668,138670,138678,138686,138690,138738,138740,138749,138754,138805,138807,138816,138823,138826,138847,138849,138854,138857,138861,138864,138868,138871,138898,138904,138907,138934,138939,138941,138943,138971],[10,137466,123027,137468,10962],{"id":137467},"python-string-replace-method",[17,137469,124198],{},[14,137471,123032,137472,137474],{},[17,137473,124198],{}," method lets you change text inside a string.",[14,137476,137477,137478,137480],{},"This is a beginner-friendly reference page for ",[17,137479,124198],{},". You will learn:",[30,137482,137483,137487,137490,137493],{},[33,137484,25672,137485,3543],{},[17,137486,124198],{},[33,137488,137489],{},"how its syntax works",[33,137491,137492],{},"how to replace all matches or only some matches",[33,137494,137495],{},"common mistakes to avoid",[141,137497,1870],{"id":1869},[60,137499,137501],{"className":62,"code":137500,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(new_text)\n",[17,137502,137503,137516,137548],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,137504,137505,137507,137509,137511,137514],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,137506,34345],{"class":75},[69,137508,80],{"class":79},[69,137510,964],{"class":94},[69,137512,137513],{"class":336},"I like cats",[69,137515,3224],{"class":94},[69,137517,137518,137520,137522,137524,137526,137528,137530,137532,137535,137537,137539,137541,137544,137546],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,137519,129866],{"class":75},[69,137521,80],{"class":79},[69,137523,42506],{"class":75},[69,137525,25],{"class":83},[69,137527,34657],{"class":121},[69,137529,113],{"class":83},[69,137531,333],{"class":94},[69,137533,137534],{"class":336},"cats",[69,137536,333],{"class":94},[69,137538,91],{"class":83},[69,137540,964],{"class":94},[69,137542,137543],{"class":336},"dogs",[69,137545,333],{"class":94},[69,137547,221],{"class":83},[69,137549,137550,137552,137554,137556],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,137551,110],{"class":109},[69,137553,113],{"class":83},[69,137555,129897],{"class":121},[69,137557,221],{"class":83},[14,137559,643],{},[60,137561,137563],{"className":62,"code":137562,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"I like dogs\n",[17,137564,137565],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,137566,137567],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,137568,137562],{"class":75},[14,137570,132,137571,137574],{},[17,137572,137573],{},"replace(old, new)"," to return a new string with matching text changed. The original string is not modified.",[141,137576,3540,137578,3543],{"id":137577},"what-replace-does",[17,137579,124198],{},[14,137581,137582,137584],{},[17,137583,124198],{}," changes matching text inside a string.",[14,137586,12696],{},[30,137588,137589,137591,137593,137596],{},[33,137590,133275],{},[33,137592,135993],{},[33,137594,137595],{},"It works on exact matches",[33,137597,137598,137599],{},"It replaces all matches unless you limit it with ",[17,137600,40923],{},[14,137602,124779,137603,25],{},[192,137604,124782],{"href":50643},[141,137606,201],{"id":200},[60,137608,137610],{"className":62,"code":137609,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"string.replace(old, new)\nstring.replace(old, new, count)\n",[17,137611,137612,137632],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,137613,137614,137616,137618,137620,137622,137625,137627,137630],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,137615,60845],{"class":75},[69,137617,25],{"class":83},[69,137619,34657],{"class":121},[69,137621,113],{"class":83},[69,137623,137624],{"class":121},"old",[69,137626,91],{"class":83},[69,137628,137629],{"class":121}," new",[69,137631,221],{"class":83},[69,137633,137634,137636,137638,137640,137642,137644,137646,137648,137650,137652],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,137635,60845],{"class":75},[69,137637,25],{"class":83},[69,137639,34657],{"class":121},[69,137641,113],{"class":83},[69,137643,137624],{"class":121},[69,137645,91],{"class":83},[69,137647,137629],{"class":121},[69,137649,91],{"class":83},[69,137651,49269],{"class":121},[69,137653,221],{"class":83},[1369,137655,17043],{"id":17042},[30,137657,137658,137663,137669],{},[33,137659,137660,137662],{},[17,137661,137624],{}," = the text to find",[33,137664,137665,137668],{},[17,137666,137667],{},"new"," = the replacement text",[33,137670,137671,137673],{},[17,137672,40923],{}," = optional number that limits how many matches are replaced",[141,137675,598],{"id":597},[14,137677,137678],{},"Here is a simple example that replaces one word with another:",[60,137680,137682],{"className":62,"code":137681,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\n\nprint(text)\nprint(new_text)\n",[17,137683,137684,137696,137726,137730,137740],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,137685,137686,137688,137690,137692,137694],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,137687,34345],{"class":75},[69,137689,80],{"class":79},[69,137691,964],{"class":94},[69,137693,137513],{"class":336},[69,137695,3224],{"class":94},[69,137697,137698,137700,137702,137704,137706,137708,137710,137712,137714,137716,137718,137720,137722,137724],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,137699,129866],{"class":75},[69,137701,80],{"class":79},[69,137703,42506],{"class":75},[69,137705,25],{"class":83},[69,137707,34657],{"class":121},[69,137709,113],{"class":83},[69,137711,333],{"class":94},[69,137713,137534],{"class":336},[69,137715,333],{"class":94},[69,137717,91],{"class":83},[69,137719,964],{"class":94},[69,137721,137543],{"class":336},[69,137723,333],{"class":94},[69,137725,221],{"class":83},[69,137727,137728],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,137729,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,137731,137732,137734,137736,137738],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,137733,110],{"class":109},[69,137735,113],{"class":83},[69,137737,34366],{"class":121},[69,137739,221],{"class":83},[69,137741,137742,137744,137746,137748],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,137743,110],{"class":109},[69,137745,113],{"class":83},[69,137747,129897],{"class":121},[69,137749,221],{"class":83},[14,137751,643],{},[60,137753,137755],{"className":62,"code":137754,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"I like cats\nI like dogs\n",[17,137756,137757,137762],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,137758,137759],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,137760,137761],{"class":75},"I like cats\n",[69,137763,137764],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,137765,137562],{"class":75},[14,137767,137768],{},"Notice what happened:",[30,137770,137771,137776],{},[33,137772,137773,137775],{},[17,137774,34366],{}," did not change",[33,137777,137778,137780],{},[17,137779,129897],{}," contains the updated value",[14,137782,137783,137784,137786,137787,137789],{},"This happens because strings are ",[22,137785,136662],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change a string in place. Methods like ",[17,137788,124198],{}," return a new string instead.",[141,137791,137793],{"id":137792},"replace-only-the-first-matches","Replace only the first matches",[14,137795,89373,137796,137798],{},[17,137797,124198],{}," changes every matching part of the string.",[14,137800,137801,137802,36282],{},"If you only want to replace the first 1 or 2 matches, use the optional ",[17,137803,40923],{},[1369,137805,137807],{"id":137806},"replace-only-the-first-match","Replace only the first match",[60,137809,137811],{"className":62,"code":137810,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 1)\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,137812,137813,137826,137860,137864],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,137814,137815,137817,137819,137821,137824],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,137816,34345],{"class":75},[69,137818,80],{"class":79},[69,137820,964],{"class":94},[69,137822,137823],{"class":336},"cat cat cat",[69,137825,3224],{"class":94},[69,137827,137828,137830,137832,137834,137836,137838,137840,137842,137844,137846,137848,137850,137852,137854,137856,137858],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,137829,839],{"class":75},[69,137831,80],{"class":79},[69,137833,42506],{"class":75},[69,137835,25],{"class":83},[69,137837,34657],{"class":121},[69,137839,113],{"class":83},[69,137841,333],{"class":94},[69,137843,36708],{"class":336},[69,137845,333],{"class":94},[69,137847,91],{"class":83},[69,137849,964],{"class":94},[69,137851,57797],{"class":336},[69,137853,333],{"class":94},[69,137855,91],{"class":83},[69,137857,272],{"class":87},[69,137859,221],{"class":83},[69,137861,137862],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,137863,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,137865,137866,137868,137870,137872],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,137867,110],{"class":109},[69,137869,113],{"class":83},[69,137871,876],{"class":121},[69,137873,221],{"class":83},[14,137875,643],{},[60,137877,137879],{"className":62,"code":137878,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"dog cat cat\n",[17,137880,137881],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,137882,137883],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,137884,137878],{"class":75},[1369,137886,137888],{"id":137887},"replace-only-the-first-2-matches","Replace only the first 2 matches",[60,137890,137892],{"className":62,"code":137891,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,137893,137894,137906,137940,137944],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,137895,137896,137898,137900,137902,137904],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,137897,34345],{"class":75},[69,137899,80],{"class":79},[69,137901,964],{"class":94},[69,137903,137823],{"class":336},[69,137905,3224],{"class":94},[69,137907,137908,137910,137912,137914,137916,137918,137920,137922,137924,137926,137928,137930,137932,137934,137936,137938],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,137909,839],{"class":75},[69,137911,80],{"class":79},[69,137913,42506],{"class":75},[69,137915,25],{"class":83},[69,137917,34657],{"class":121},[69,137919,113],{"class":83},[69,137921,333],{"class":94},[69,137923,36708],{"class":336},[69,137925,333],{"class":94},[69,137927,91],{"class":83},[69,137929,964],{"class":94},[69,137931,57797],{"class":336},[69,137933,333],{"class":94},[69,137935,91],{"class":83},[69,137937,316],{"class":87},[69,137939,221],{"class":83},[69,137941,137942],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,137943,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,137945,137946,137948,137950,137952],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,137947,110],{"class":109},[69,137949,113],{"class":83},[69,137951,876],{"class":121},[69,137953,221],{"class":83},[14,137955,643],{},[60,137957,137959],{"className":62,"code":137958,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"dog dog cat\n",[17,137960,137961],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,137962,137963],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,137964,137958],{"class":75},[14,137966,137967],{},"This is useful when you do not want to replace every match in the string.",[14,137969,137970,137971,25],{},"For more practical examples, see ",[192,137972,127751],{"href":124195},[141,137974,137976],{"id":137975},"replacing-characters-and-spaces","Replacing characters and spaces",[14,137978,137979,137981],{},[17,137980,124198],{}," can also change single characters.",[1369,137983,137985],{"id":137984},"replace-one-character","Replace one character",[60,137987,137989],{"className":62,"code":137988,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = text.replace(\"a\", \"o\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,137990,137991,138003,138033,138037],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,137992,137993,137995,137997,137999,138001],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,137994,34345],{"class":75},[69,137996,80],{"class":79},[69,137998,964],{"class":94},[69,138000,967],{"class":336},[69,138002,3224],{"class":94},[69,138004,138005,138007,138009,138011,138013,138015,138017,138019,138021,138023,138025,138027,138029,138031],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,138006,839],{"class":75},[69,138008,80],{"class":79},[69,138010,42506],{"class":75},[69,138012,25],{"class":83},[69,138014,34657],{"class":121},[69,138016,113],{"class":83},[69,138018,333],{"class":94},[69,138020,192],{"class":336},[69,138022,333],{"class":94},[69,138024,91],{"class":83},[69,138026,964],{"class":94},[69,138028,60144],{"class":336},[69,138030,333],{"class":94},[69,138032,221],{"class":83},[69,138034,138035],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,138036,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,138038,138039,138041,138043,138045],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,138040,110],{"class":109},[69,138042,113],{"class":83},[69,138044,876],{"class":121},[69,138046,221],{"class":83},[14,138048,643],{},[60,138050,138052],{"className":62,"code":138051,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"bonono\n",[17,138053,138054],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,138055,138056],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,138057,138051],{"class":75},[1369,138059,138061],{"id":138060},"remove-spaces","Remove spaces",[14,138063,138064],{},"You can remove text by replacing it with an empty string:",[60,138066,138068],{"className":62,"code":138067,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"a b c\"\nresult = text.replace(\" \", \"\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,138069,138070,138083,138107,138111],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,138071,138072,138074,138076,138078,138081],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,138073,34345],{"class":75},[69,138075,80],{"class":79},[69,138077,964],{"class":94},[69,138079,138080],{"class":336},"a b c",[69,138082,3224],{"class":94},[69,138084,138085,138087,138089,138091,138093,138095,138097,138099,138101,138103,138105],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,138086,839],{"class":75},[69,138088,80],{"class":79},[69,138090,42506],{"class":75},[69,138092,25],{"class":83},[69,138094,34657],{"class":121},[69,138096,113],{"class":83},[69,138098,333],{"class":94},[69,138100,964],{"class":94},[69,138102,91],{"class":83},[69,138104,959],{"class":94},[69,138106,221],{"class":83},[69,138108,138109],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,138110,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,138112,138113,138115,138117,138119],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,138114,110],{"class":109},[69,138116,113],{"class":83},[69,138118,876],{"class":121},[69,138120,221],{"class":83},[14,138122,643],{},[60,138124,138126],{"className":62,"code":138125,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"abc\n",[17,138127,138128],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,138129,138130],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,138131,138125],{"class":75},[14,138133,138134],{},"This is useful for simple cleanup tasks.",[14,138136,138137,138138,138142,138143,138147],{},"If you need to split text into parts instead of replacing it, see the ",[192,138139,126027,138140,10379],{"href":128714},[17,138141,60202],{},". If you only want to remove spaces at the beginning or end, the ",[192,138144,126027,138145,10379],{"href":136597},[17,138146,41317],{}," is often a better choice.",[141,138149,123674],{"id":123673},[14,138151,138152,123485],{},[17,138153,124198],{},[14,138155,127072,138156,587,138158,127079],{},[17,138157,112711],{},[17,138159,138160],{},"\"Cat\"",[60,138162,138164],{"className":62,"code":138163,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"Cat cat CAT\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,138165,138166,138179,138209,138213],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,138167,138168,138170,138172,138174,138177],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,138169,34345],{"class":75},[69,138171,80],{"class":79},[69,138173,964],{"class":94},[69,138175,138176],{"class":336},"Cat cat CAT",[69,138178,3224],{"class":94},[69,138180,138181,138183,138185,138187,138189,138191,138193,138195,138197,138199,138201,138203,138205,138207],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,138182,839],{"class":75},[69,138184,80],{"class":79},[69,138186,42506],{"class":75},[69,138188,25],{"class":83},[69,138190,34657],{"class":121},[69,138192,113],{"class":83},[69,138194,333],{"class":94},[69,138196,36708],{"class":336},[69,138198,333],{"class":94},[69,138200,91],{"class":83},[69,138202,964],{"class":94},[69,138204,57797],{"class":336},[69,138206,333],{"class":94},[69,138208,221],{"class":83},[69,138210,138211],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,138212,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,138214,138215,138217,138219,138221],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,138216,110],{"class":109},[69,138218,113],{"class":83},[69,138220,876],{"class":121},[69,138222,221],{"class":83},[14,138224,643],{},[60,138226,138228],{"className":62,"code":138227,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Cat dog CAT\n",[17,138229,138230],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,138231,138232,138235],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,138233,138234],{"class":75},"Cat dog ",[69,138236,138237],{"class":34110},"CAT\n",[14,138239,138240,138241,138243],{},"Only the lowercase ",[17,138242,112711],{}," was replaced.",[14,138245,138246],{},"This is a common beginner problem. If your replacement is not happening, check the letter case carefully.",[14,138248,138249,138250,25],{},"In some cases, converting text first can help. For example, see the ",[192,138251,126027,138252,10379],{"href":123754},[17,138253,123757],{},[141,138255,3540,138257,11347],{"id":138256},"what-replace-returns",[17,138258,124198],{},[14,138260,138261,138263],{},[17,138262,124198],{}," returns a new string.",[14,138265,138266],{},"If no match is found:",[30,138268,138269,138272],{},[33,138270,138271],{},"no error happens",[33,138273,138274],{},"the returned string has the same content as the original",[14,138276,2076],{},[60,138278,138280],{"className":62,"code":138279,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"hello\"\nresult = text.replace(\"x\", \"y\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,138281,138282,138294,138324,138328],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,138283,138284,138286,138288,138290,138292],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,138285,34345],{"class":75},[69,138287,80],{"class":79},[69,138289,964],{"class":94},[69,138291,337],{"class":336},[69,138293,3224],{"class":94},[69,138295,138296,138298,138300,138302,138304,138306,138308,138310,138312,138314,138316,138318,138320,138322],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,138297,839],{"class":75},[69,138299,80],{"class":79},[69,138301,42506],{"class":75},[69,138303,25],{"class":83},[69,138305,34657],{"class":121},[69,138307,113],{"class":83},[69,138309,333],{"class":94},[69,138311,2041],{"class":336},[69,138313,333],{"class":94},[69,138315,91],{"class":83},[69,138317,964],{"class":94},[69,138319,11387],{"class":336},[69,138321,333],{"class":94},[69,138323,221],{"class":83},[69,138325,138326],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,138327,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,138329,138330,138332,138334,138336],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,138331,110],{"class":109},[69,138333,113],{"class":83},[69,138335,876],{"class":121},[69,138337,221],{"class":83},[14,138339,643],{},[60,138341,138343],{"className":62,"code":138342,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"hello\n",[17,138344,138345],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,138346,138347],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,138348,138342],{"class":75},[14,138350,138351],{},"Usually, you either store the result in a new variable:",[60,138353,138355],{"className":62,"code":138354,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"hello world\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[17,138356,138357,138369],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,138358,138359,138361,138363,138365,138367],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,138360,34345],{"class":75},[69,138362,80],{"class":79},[69,138364,964],{"class":94},[69,138366,60077],{"class":336},[69,138368,3224],{"class":94},[69,138370,138371,138373,138375,138377,138379,138381,138383,138385,138387,138389,138391,138393,138395,138397],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,138372,129866],{"class":75},[69,138374,80],{"class":79},[69,138376,42506],{"class":75},[69,138378,25],{"class":83},[69,138380,34657],{"class":121},[69,138382,113],{"class":83},[69,138384,333],{"class":94},[69,138386,60262],{"class":336},[69,138388,333],{"class":94},[69,138390,91],{"class":83},[69,138392,964],{"class":94},[69,138394,6925],{"class":336},[69,138396,333],{"class":94},[69,138398,221],{"class":83},[14,138400,138401],{},"Or reassign it to the same variable:",[60,138403,138405],{"className":62,"code":138404,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"hello world\"\ntext = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[17,138406,138407,138419],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,138408,138409,138411,138413,138415,138417],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,138410,34345],{"class":75},[69,138412,80],{"class":79},[69,138414,964],{"class":94},[69,138416,60077],{"class":336},[69,138418,3224],{"class":94},[69,138420,138421,138423,138425,138427,138429,138431,138433,138435,138437,138439,138441,138443,138445,138447],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,138422,34345],{"class":75},[69,138424,80],{"class":79},[69,138426,42506],{"class":75},[69,138428,25],{"class":83},[69,138430,34657],{"class":121},[69,138432,113],{"class":83},[69,138434,333],{"class":94},[69,138436,60262],{"class":336},[69,138438,333],{"class":94},[69,138440,91],{"class":83},[69,138442,964],{"class":94},[69,138444,6925],{"class":336},[69,138446,333],{"class":94},[69,138448,221],{"class":83},[141,138450,1362],{"id":1361},[14,138452,138453,138454,1044],{},"Here are some common mistakes when using ",[17,138455,124198],{},[30,138457,138458,138461,138465,138468],{},[33,138459,138460],{},"Forgetting to save the returned string",[33,138462,8086,138463,131247],{},[17,138464,124198],{},[33,138466,138467],{},"Using the wrong letter case",[33,138469,36865,138470,138472],{},[17,138471,124198],{}," with regex-based replacements",[1369,138474,138476,138477,138479],{"id":138475},"mistake-calling-replace-without-assigning-the-result","Mistake: calling ",[17,138478,124198],{}," without assigning the result",[14,138481,138482,138483,1044],{},"This does not update ",[17,138484,34366],{},[60,138486,138488],{"className":62,"code":138487,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[17,138489,138490,138502,138528],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,138491,138492,138494,138496,138498,138500],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,138493,34345],{"class":75},[69,138495,80],{"class":79},[69,138497,964],{"class":94},[69,138499,137513],{"class":336},[69,138501,3224],{"class":94},[69,138503,138504,138506,138508,138510,138512,138514,138516,138518,138520,138522,138524,138526],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,138505,34366],{"class":75},[69,138507,25],{"class":83},[69,138509,34657],{"class":121},[69,138511,113],{"class":83},[69,138513,333],{"class":94},[69,138515,137534],{"class":336},[69,138517,333],{"class":94},[69,138519,91],{"class":83},[69,138521,964],{"class":94},[69,138523,137543],{"class":336},[69,138525,333],{"class":94},[69,138527,221],{"class":83},[69,138529,138530,138532,138534,138536],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,138531,110],{"class":109},[69,138533,113],{"class":83},[69,138535,34366],{"class":121},[69,138537,221],{"class":83},[14,138539,643],{},[60,138541,138542],{"className":62,"code":137761,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,138543,138544],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,138545,138546],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,138547,137761],{"class":75},[14,138549,10446],{},[60,138551,138553],{"className":62,"code":138552,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[17,138554,138555,138567,138597],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,138556,138557,138559,138561,138563,138565],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,138558,34345],{"class":75},[69,138560,80],{"class":79},[69,138562,964],{"class":94},[69,138564,137513],{"class":336},[69,138566,3224],{"class":94},[69,138568,138569,138571,138573,138575,138577,138579,138581,138583,138585,138587,138589,138591,138593,138595],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,138570,34345],{"class":75},[69,138572,80],{"class":79},[69,138574,42506],{"class":75},[69,138576,25],{"class":83},[69,138578,34657],{"class":121},[69,138580,113],{"class":83},[69,138582,333],{"class":94},[69,138584,137534],{"class":336},[69,138586,333],{"class":94},[69,138588,91],{"class":83},[69,138590,964],{"class":94},[69,138592,137543],{"class":336},[69,138594,333],{"class":94},[69,138596,221],{"class":83},[69,138598,138599,138601,138603,138605],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,138600,110],{"class":109},[69,138602,113],{"class":83},[69,138604,34366],{"class":121},[69,138606,221],{"class":83},[14,138608,643],{},[60,138610,138611],{"className":62,"code":137562,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,138612,138613],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,138614,138615],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,138616,137562],{"class":75},[1369,138618,138620],{"id":138619},"mistake-different-capitalization","Mistake: different capitalization",[60,138622,138624],{"className":62,"code":138623,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"Hello\"\nprint(text.replace(\"hello\", \"Hi\"))\n",[17,138625,138626,138638],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,138627,138628,138630,138632,138634,138636],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,138629,34345],{"class":75},[69,138631,80],{"class":79},[69,138633,964],{"class":94},[69,138635,34525],{"class":336},[69,138637,3224],{"class":94},[69,138639,138640,138642,138644,138646,138648,138650,138652,138654,138656,138658,138660,138662,138664,138666],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,138641,110],{"class":109},[69,138643,113],{"class":83},[69,138645,34366],{"class":121},[69,138647,25],{"class":83},[69,138649,34657],{"class":121},[69,138651,113],{"class":83},[69,138653,333],{"class":94},[69,138655,337],{"class":336},[69,138657,333],{"class":94},[69,138659,91],{"class":83},[69,138661,964],{"class":94},[69,138663,89608],{"class":336},[69,138665,333],{"class":94},[69,138667,342],{"class":83},[14,138669,643],{},[60,138671,138672],{"className":62,"code":88621,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,138673,138674],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,138675,138676],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,138677,88621],{"class":75},[14,138679,138680,138681,587,138683,138685],{},"Nothing changed because ",[17,138682,64206],{},[17,138684,90090],{}," are not the same.",[1369,138687,138689],{"id":138688},"mistake-expecting-only-one-match-to-change","Mistake: expecting only one match to change",[60,138691,138693],{"className":62,"code":138692,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\"))\n",[17,138694,138695,138708],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,138696,138697,138699,138701,138703,138706],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,138698,34345],{"class":75},[69,138700,80],{"class":79},[69,138702,964],{"class":94},[69,138704,138705],{"class":336},"red red red",[69,138707,3224],{"class":94},[69,138709,138710,138712,138714,138716,138718,138720,138722,138724,138726,138728,138730,138732,138734,138736],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,138711,110],{"class":109},[69,138713,113],{"class":83},[69,138715,34366],{"class":121},[69,138717,25],{"class":83},[69,138719,34657],{"class":121},[69,138721,113],{"class":83},[69,138723,333],{"class":94},[69,138725,12737],{"class":336},[69,138727,333],{"class":94},[69,138729,91],{"class":83},[69,138731,964],{"class":94},[69,138733,12754],{"class":336},[69,138735,333],{"class":94},[69,138737,342],{"class":83},[14,138739,643],{},[60,138741,138743],{"className":62,"code":138742,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"blue blue blue\n",[17,138744,138745],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,138746,138747],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,138748,138742],{"class":75},[14,138750,138751,138752,1044],{},"If you want only one replacement, use ",[17,138753,40923],{},[60,138755,138757],{"className":62,"code":138756,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\", 1))\n",[17,138758,138759,138771],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,138760,138761,138763,138765,138767,138769],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,138762,34345],{"class":75},[69,138764,80],{"class":79},[69,138766,964],{"class":94},[69,138768,138705],{"class":336},[69,138770,3224],{"class":94},[69,138772,138773,138775,138777,138779,138781,138783,138785,138787,138789,138791,138793,138795,138797,138799,138801,138803],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,138774,110],{"class":109},[69,138776,113],{"class":83},[69,138778,34366],{"class":121},[69,138780,25],{"class":83},[69,138782,34657],{"class":121},[69,138784,113],{"class":83},[69,138786,333],{"class":94},[69,138788,12737],{"class":336},[69,138790,333],{"class":94},[69,138792,91],{"class":83},[69,138794,964],{"class":94},[69,138796,12754],{"class":336},[69,138798,333],{"class":94},[69,138800,91],{"class":83},[69,138802,272],{"class":87},[69,138804,342],{"class":83},[14,138806,643],{},[60,138808,138810],{"className":62,"code":138809,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"blue red red\n",[17,138811,138812],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,138813,138814],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,138815,138809],{"class":75},[1369,138817,138819,138820,138822],{"id":138818},"mistake-using-replace-for-the-wrong-task","Mistake: using ",[17,138821,124198],{}," for the wrong task",[14,138824,138825],{},"Sometimes another method is a better fit:",[30,138827,138828,138835,138842],{},[33,138829,132,138830,138834],{},[192,138831,138832],{"href":128714},[17,138833,60202],{}," to break a string into a list",[33,138836,132,138837,138841],{},[192,138838,138839],{"href":136597},[17,138840,41317],{}," to remove whitespace from the start or end",[33,138843,132,138844,138846],{},[17,138845,124198],{}," for direct text replacement, not pattern matching",[141,138848,1651],{"id":1650},[1369,138850,12347,138852,124354],{"id":138851},"does-replace-change-the-original-string",[17,138853,124198],{},[14,138855,138856],{},"No. It returns a new string. Strings in Python cannot be changed in place.",[1369,138858,138860],{"id":138859},"what-happens-if-the-text-is-not-found","What happens if the text is not found?",[14,138862,138863],{},"No error is raised. The returned string will have the same content as the original.",[1369,138865,138867],{"id":138866},"how-do-i-replace-only-the-first-match","How do I replace only the first match?",[14,138869,138870],{},"Use the third argument:",[60,138872,138874],{"className":62,"code":138873,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text.replace(old, new, 1)\n",[17,138875,138876],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,138877,138878,138880,138882,138884,138886,138888,138890,138892,138894,138896],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,138879,34366],{"class":75},[69,138881,25],{"class":83},[69,138883,34657],{"class":121},[69,138885,113],{"class":83},[69,138887,137624],{"class":121},[69,138889,91],{"class":83},[69,138891,137629],{"class":121},[69,138893,91],{"class":83},[69,138895,272],{"class":87},[69,138897,221],{"class":83},[1369,138899,4996,138901,138903],{"id":138900},"can-replace-remove-text",[17,138902,124198],{}," remove text?",[14,138905,138906],{},"Yes. Replace the target text with an empty string:",[60,138908,138910],{"className":62,"code":138909,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text.replace(\"x\", \"\")\n",[17,138911,138912],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,138913,138914,138916,138918,138920,138922,138924,138926,138928,138930,138932],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,138915,34366],{"class":75},[69,138917,25],{"class":83},[69,138919,34657],{"class":121},[69,138921,113],{"class":83},[69,138923,333],{"class":94},[69,138925,2041],{"class":336},[69,138927,333],{"class":94},[69,138929,91],{"class":83},[69,138931,959],{"class":94},[69,138933,221],{"class":83},[1369,138935,14549,138937,124363],{"id":138936},"is-replace-case-sensitive",[17,138938,124198],{},[14,138940,129556],{},[141,138942,1771],{"id":1770},[30,138944,138945,138949,138955,138961,138967],{},[33,138946,138947],{},[192,138948,124433],{"href":124195},[33,138950,138951],{},[192,138952,126027,138953,10379],{"href":128714},[17,138954,60202],{},[33,138956,138957],{},[192,138958,126027,138959,10379],{"href":136597},[17,138960,41317],{},[33,138962,138963],{},[192,138964,126027,138965,10379],{"href":123754},[17,138966,123757],{},[33,138968,138969],{},[192,138970,124782],{"href":50643},[1802,138972,138973],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":138975},[138976,138977,138979,138982,138983,138987,138991,138992,138994,139002,139012],{"id":1869,"depth":106,"text":1870},{"id":137577,"depth":106,"text":138978},"What replace() does",{"id":200,"depth":106,"text":201,"children":138980},[138981],{"id":17042,"depth":300,"text":17043},{"id":597,"depth":106,"text":598},{"id":137792,"depth":106,"text":137793,"children":138984},[138985,138986],{"id":137806,"depth":300,"text":137807},{"id":137887,"depth":300,"text":137888},{"id":137975,"depth":106,"text":137976,"children":138988},[138989,138990],{"id":137984,"depth":300,"text":137985},{"id":138060,"depth":300,"text":138061},{"id":123673,"depth":106,"text":123674},{"id":138256,"depth":106,"text":138993},"What replace() returns",{"id":1361,"depth":106,"text":1362,"children":138995},[138996,138998,138999,139000],{"id":138475,"depth":300,"text":138997},"Mistake: calling replace() without assigning the result",{"id":138619,"depth":300,"text":138620},{"id":138688,"depth":300,"text":138689},{"id":138818,"depth":300,"text":139001},"Mistake: using replace() for the wrong task",{"id":1650,"depth":106,"text":1651,"children":139003},[139004,139006,139007,139008,139010],{"id":138851,"depth":300,"text":139005},"Does replace() change the original string?",{"id":138859,"depth":300,"text":138860},{"id":138866,"depth":300,"text":138867},{"id":138900,"depth":300,"text":139009},"Can replace() remove text?",{"id":138936,"depth":300,"text":139011},"Is replace() case-sensitive?",{"id":1770,"depth":106,"text":1771},"Master python string replace method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method",{"title":137462,"description":139013},"reference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method","lYZLw0KoN3c2cS-3ldMsrOTghF8no1rzCHdzSFeQbp8",{"id":139020,"title":139021,"body":139022,"description":141041,"extension":1828,"meta":141042,"navigation":833,"path":141043,"seo":141044,"stem":141045,"__hash__":141046},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method.md","Python String split() Method",{"type":7,"value":139023,"toc":141005},[139024,139029,139034,139037,139048,139050,139105,139110,139115,139122,139124,139139,139141,139197,139199,139237,139242,139244,139268,139271,139284,139289,139291,139323,139325,139358,139364,139369,139372,139382,139385,139387,139443,139445,139495,139498,139506,139509,139565,139567,139640,139653,139661,139665,139676,139679,139682,139735,139737,139769,139772,139826,139828,139863,139866,139871,139876,139881,139884,139886,139944,139946,139980,139982,139997,140000,140002,140044,140046,140072,140077,140085,140088,140090,140172,140174,140225,140228,140239,140247,140249,140322,140324,140342,140346,140349,140353,140380,140382,140390,140394,140429,140431,140444,140448,140451,140490,140492,140509,140514,140519,140530,140533,140544,140546,140548,140574,140577,140626,140628,140645,140648,140650,140702,140704,140736,140739,140797,140802,140804,140809,140912,140914,140928,140930,140937,140942,140947,140952,140957,140962,140965,140969,140974,140976,141002],[10,139025,123027,139027,10962],{"id":139026},"python-string-split-method",[17,139028,60202],{},[14,139030,123032,139031,139033],{},[17,139032,60202],{}," method breaks a string into smaller parts and returns those parts as a list.",[14,139035,139036],{},"Use it when you want to turn one string into multiple strings, such as:",[30,139038,139039,139042,139045],{},[33,139040,139041],{},"splitting a sentence into words",[33,139043,139044],{},"splitting comma-separated text",[33,139046,139047],{},"breaking simple structured text into pieces",[141,139049,1870],{"id":1869},[60,139051,139053],{"className":62,"code":139052,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\nprint(parts)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[17,139054,139055,139068,139090,139100],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,139056,139057,139059,139061,139063,139066],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,139058,34345],{"class":75},[69,139060,80],{"class":79},[69,139062,964],{"class":94},[69,139064,139065],{"class":336},"apple,banana,cherry",[69,139067,3224],{"class":94},[69,139069,139070,139072,139074,139076,139078,139080,139082,139084,139086,139088],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,139071,42501],{"class":75},[69,139073,80],{"class":79},[69,139075,42506],{"class":75},[69,139077,25],{"class":83},[69,139079,34126],{"class":121},[69,139081,113],{"class":83},[69,139083,333],{"class":94},[69,139085,91],{"class":336},[69,139087,333],{"class":94},[69,139089,221],{"class":83},[69,139091,139092,139094,139096,139098],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,139093,110],{"class":109},[69,139095,113],{"class":83},[69,139097,42533],{"class":121},[69,139099,221],{"class":83},[69,139101,139102],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,139103,139104],{"class":128},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[14,139106,132,139107,139109],{},[17,139108,60202],{}," when you want to turn one string into a list of smaller strings.",[141,139111,3540,139113,3543],{"id":139112},"what-split-does",[17,139114,60202],{},[14,139116,139117,132075,139119,25],{},[17,139118,60202],{},[22,139120,139121],{},"string method",[14,139123,48594],{},[30,139125,139126,139129,139134],{},[33,139127,139128],{},"divides a string into parts",[33,139130,119329,139131],{},[22,139132,139133],{},"new list of strings",[33,139135,119335,139136,139138],{},[22,139137,4457],{}," change the original string",[14,139140,2076],{},[60,139142,139144],{"className":62,"code":139143,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"red blue green\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(text)\nprint(parts)\n",[17,139145,139146,139159,139173,139177,139187],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,139147,139148,139150,139152,139154,139157],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,139149,34345],{"class":75},[69,139151,80],{"class":79},[69,139153,964],{"class":94},[69,139155,139156],{"class":336},"red blue green",[69,139158,3224],{"class":94},[69,139160,139161,139163,139165,139167,139169,139171],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,139162,42501],{"class":75},[69,139164,80],{"class":79},[69,139166,42506],{"class":75},[69,139168,25],{"class":83},[69,139170,34126],{"class":121},[69,139172,8277],{"class":83},[69,139174,139175],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,139176,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,139178,139179,139181,139183,139185],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,139180,110],{"class":109},[69,139182,113],{"class":83},[69,139184,34366],{"class":121},[69,139186,221],{"class":83},[69,139188,139189,139191,139193,139195],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,139190,110],{"class":109},[69,139192,113],{"class":83},[69,139194,42533],{"class":121},[69,139196,221],{"class":83},[14,139198,643],{},[60,139200,139202],{"className":62,"code":139201,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"red blue green\n['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[17,139203,139204,139209],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,139205,139206],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,139207,139208],{"class":75},"red blue green\n",[69,139210,139211,139213,139215,139217,139219,139221,139223,139225,139227,139229,139231,139233,139235],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,139212,3739],{"class":83},[69,139214,488],{"class":94},[69,139216,12737],{"class":336},[69,139218,488],{"class":94},[69,139220,91],{"class":83},[69,139222,3161],{"class":94},[69,139224,12754],{"class":336},[69,139226,488],{"class":94},[69,139228,91],{"class":83},[69,139230,3161],{"class":94},[69,139232,17104],{"class":336},[69,139234,488],{"class":94},[69,139236,103],{"class":83},[14,139238,139239,139240,25],{},"If you are new to string methods, see ",[192,139241,124782],{"href":50643},[141,139243,2024],{"id":2023},[60,139245,139247],{"className":62,"code":139246,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"string.split(separator, maxsplit)\n",[17,139248,139249],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,139250,139251,139253,139255,139257,139259,139261,139263,139266],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,139252,60845],{"class":75},[69,139254,25],{"class":83},[69,139256,34126],{"class":121},[69,139258,113],{"class":83},[69,139260,133431],{"class":121},[69,139262,91],{"class":83},[69,139264,139265],{"class":121}," maxsplit",[69,139267,221],{"class":83},[14,139269,139270],{},"Both arguments are optional:",[30,139272,139273,139278],{},[33,139274,139275,139277],{},[17,139276,133431],{}," tells Python where to split",[33,139279,139280,139283],{},[17,139281,139282],{},"maxsplit"," limits how many splits happen",[14,139285,8510,139286,139288],{},[17,139287,133431],{}," is not given, Python splits on whitespace.",[14,139290,2076],{},[60,139292,139294],{"className":62,"code":139293,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"one two three\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[17,139295,139296,139309],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,139297,139298,139300,139302,139304,139307],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,139299,34345],{"class":75},[69,139301,80],{"class":79},[69,139303,964],{"class":94},[69,139305,139306],{"class":336},"one two three",[69,139308,3224],{"class":94},[69,139310,139311,139313,139315,139317,139319,139321],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,139312,110],{"class":109},[69,139314,113],{"class":83},[69,139316,34366],{"class":121},[69,139318,25],{"class":83},[69,139320,34126],{"class":121},[69,139322,6822],{"class":83},[14,139324,643],{},[60,139326,139328],{"className":62,"code":139327,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['one', 'two', 'three']\n",[17,139329,139330],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,139331,139332,139334,139336,139338,139340,139342,139344,139346,139348,139350,139352,139354,139356],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,139333,3739],{"class":83},[69,139335,488],{"class":94},[69,139337,1434],{"class":336},[69,139339,488],{"class":94},[69,139341,91],{"class":83},[69,139343,3161],{"class":94},[69,139345,78943],{"class":336},[69,139347,488],{"class":94},[69,139349,91],{"class":83},[69,139351,3161],{"class":94},[69,139353,133913],{"class":336},[69,139355,488],{"class":94},[69,139357,103],{"class":83},[141,139359,8050,139361,139363],{"id":139360},"using-split-with-no-separator",[17,139362,60202],{}," with no separator",[14,139365,69846,139366,139368],{},[17,139367,60202],{}," with no argument, Python splits on whitespace.",[14,139370,139371],{},"Whitespace includes:",[30,139373,139374,139376,139379],{},[33,139375,10089],{},[33,139377,139378],{},"tabs",[33,139380,139381],{},"new lines",[14,139383,139384],{},"Python also treats repeated whitespace as a single separator.",[14,139386,2076],{},[60,139388,139390],{"className":62,"code":139389,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"Python   is\\tfun\\nand useful\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(parts)\n",[17,139391,139392,139415,139429,139433],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,139393,139394,139396,139398,139400,139403,139406,139408,139410,139413],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,139395,34345],{"class":75},[69,139397,80],{"class":79},[69,139399,964],{"class":94},[69,139401,139402],{"class":336},"Python   is",[69,139404,139405],{"class":34110},"\\t",[69,139407,133167],{"class":336},[69,139409,86825],{"class":34110},[69,139411,139412],{"class":336},"and useful",[69,139414,3224],{"class":94},[69,139416,139417,139419,139421,139423,139425,139427],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,139418,42501],{"class":75},[69,139420,80],{"class":79},[69,139422,42506],{"class":75},[69,139424,25],{"class":83},[69,139426,34126],{"class":121},[69,139428,8277],{"class":83},[69,139430,139431],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,139432,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,139434,139435,139437,139439,139441],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,139436,110],{"class":109},[69,139438,113],{"class":83},[69,139440,42533],{"class":121},[69,139442,221],{"class":83},[14,139444,643],{},[60,139446,139448],{"className":62,"code":139447,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['Python', 'is', 'fun', 'and', 'useful']\n",[17,139449,139450],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,139451,139452,139454,139456,139458,139460,139462,139464,139466,139468,139470,139472,139474,139476,139478,139480,139482,139484,139486,139488,139491,139493],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,139453,3739],{"class":83},[69,139455,488],{"class":94},[69,139457,6925],{"class":336},[69,139459,488],{"class":94},[69,139461,91],{"class":83},[69,139463,3161],{"class":94},[69,139465,11836],{"class":336},[69,139467,488],{"class":94},[69,139469,91],{"class":83},[69,139471,3161],{"class":94},[69,139473,133167],{"class":336},[69,139475,488],{"class":94},[69,139477,91],{"class":83},[69,139479,3161],{"class":94},[69,139481,129792],{"class":336},[69,139483,488],{"class":94},[69,139485,91],{"class":83},[69,139487,3161],{"class":94},[69,139489,139490],{"class":336},"useful",[69,139492,488],{"class":94},[69,139494,103],{"class":83},[14,139496,139497],{},"This is useful when you want simple word splitting.",[1369,139499,139501,10223,139503],{"id":139500},"split-vs-split",[17,139502,60202],{},[17,139504,139505],{},"split(' ')",[14,139507,139508],{},"These are not the same.",[60,139510,139512],{"className":62,"code":139511,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"a  b   c\"\n\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(\" \"))\n",[17,139513,139514,139527,139531,139545],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,139515,139516,139518,139520,139522,139525],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,139517,34345],{"class":75},[69,139519,80],{"class":79},[69,139521,964],{"class":94},[69,139523,139524],{"class":336},"a  b   c",[69,139526,3224],{"class":94},[69,139528,139529],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,139530,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,139532,139533,139535,139537,139539,139541,139543],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,139534,110],{"class":109},[69,139536,113],{"class":83},[69,139538,34366],{"class":121},[69,139540,25],{"class":83},[69,139542,34126],{"class":121},[69,139544,6822],{"class":83},[69,139546,139547,139549,139551,139553,139555,139557,139559,139561,139563],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,139548,110],{"class":109},[69,139550,113],{"class":83},[69,139552,34366],{"class":121},[69,139554,25],{"class":83},[69,139556,34126],{"class":121},[69,139558,113],{"class":83},[69,139560,333],{"class":94},[69,139562,964],{"class":94},[69,139564,342],{"class":83},[14,139566,643],{},[60,139568,139570],{"className":62,"code":139569,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', '', 'b', '', '', 'c']\n",[17,139571,139572,139600],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,139573,139574,139576,139578,139580,139582,139584,139586,139588,139590,139592,139594,139596,139598],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,139575,3739],{"class":83},[69,139577,488],{"class":94},[69,139579,192],{"class":336},[69,139581,488],{"class":94},[69,139583,91],{"class":83},[69,139585,3161],{"class":94},[69,139587,4587],{"class":336},[69,139589,488],{"class":94},[69,139591,91],{"class":83},[69,139593,3161],{"class":94},[69,139595,9376],{"class":336},[69,139597,488],{"class":94},[69,139599,103],{"class":83},[69,139601,139602,139604,139606,139608,139610,139612,139614,139616,139618,139620,139622,139624,139626,139628,139630,139632,139634,139636,139638],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,139603,3739],{"class":83},[69,139605,488],{"class":94},[69,139607,192],{"class":336},[69,139609,488],{"class":94},[69,139611,91],{"class":83},[69,139613,95],{"class":94},[69,139615,91],{"class":83},[69,139617,3161],{"class":94},[69,139619,4587],{"class":336},[69,139621,488],{"class":94},[69,139623,91],{"class":83},[69,139625,95],{"class":94},[69,139627,91],{"class":83},[69,139629,95],{"class":94},[69,139631,91],{"class":83},[69,139633,3161],{"class":94},[69,139635,9376],{"class":336},[69,139637,488],{"class":94},[69,139639,103],{"class":83},[30,139641,139642,139647],{},[33,139643,139644,139646],{},[17,139645,60202],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces",[33,139648,139649,139652],{},[17,139650,139651],{},"split(\" \")"," only splits on the space character and can create empty strings",[14,139654,139655,139656,139660],{},"If you need to clean extra spaces before or after text, ",[192,139657,126027,139658,10379],{"href":136597},[17,139659,41317],{}," is often useful.",[141,139662,139664],{"id":139663},"using-a-custom-separator","Using a custom separator",[14,139666,139667,139668,2057,139671,2061,139673,25],{},"You can pass your own separator, such as ",[17,139669,139670],{},"\",\"",[17,139672,133266],{},[17,139674,139675],{},"\"::\"",[14,139677,139678],{},"Python splits only where that exact separator appears.",[14,139680,139681],{},"Example with commas:",[60,139683,139685],{"className":62,"code":139684,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[17,139686,139687,139699,139721,139725],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,139688,139689,139691,139693,139695,139697],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,139690,34345],{"class":75},[69,139692,80],{"class":79},[69,139694,964],{"class":94},[69,139696,139065],{"class":336},[69,139698,3224],{"class":94},[69,139700,139701,139703,139705,139707,139709,139711,139713,139715,139717,139719],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,139702,42501],{"class":75},[69,139704,80],{"class":79},[69,139706,42506],{"class":75},[69,139708,25],{"class":83},[69,139710,34126],{"class":121},[69,139712,113],{"class":83},[69,139714,333],{"class":94},[69,139716,91],{"class":336},[69,139718,333],{"class":94},[69,139720,221],{"class":83},[69,139722,139723],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,139724,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,139726,139727,139729,139731,139733],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,139728,110],{"class":109},[69,139730,113],{"class":83},[69,139732,42533],{"class":121},[69,139734,221],{"class":83},[14,139736,643],{},[60,139738,139739],{"className":62,"code":78122,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,139740,139741],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,139742,139743,139745,139747,139749,139751,139753,139755,139757,139759,139761,139763,139765,139767],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,139744,3739],{"class":83},[69,139746,488],{"class":94},[69,139748,952],{"class":336},[69,139750,488],{"class":94},[69,139752,91],{"class":83},[69,139754,3161],{"class":94},[69,139756,967],{"class":336},[69,139758,488],{"class":94},[69,139760,91],{"class":83},[69,139762,3161],{"class":94},[69,139764,3930],{"class":336},[69,139766,488],{"class":94},[69,139768,103],{"class":83},[14,139770,139771],{},"Example with a longer separator:",[60,139773,139775],{"className":62,"code":139774,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"2024::10::31\"\nparts = text.split(\"::\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[17,139776,139777,139790,139812,139816],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,139778,139779,139781,139783,139785,139788],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,139780,34345],{"class":75},[69,139782,80],{"class":79},[69,139784,964],{"class":94},[69,139786,139787],{"class":336},"2024::10::31",[69,139789,3224],{"class":94},[69,139791,139792,139794,139796,139798,139800,139802,139804,139806,139808,139810],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,139793,42501],{"class":75},[69,139795,80],{"class":79},[69,139797,42506],{"class":75},[69,139799,25],{"class":83},[69,139801,34126],{"class":121},[69,139803,113],{"class":83},[69,139805,333],{"class":94},[69,139807,76339],{"class":336},[69,139809,333],{"class":94},[69,139811,221],{"class":83},[69,139813,139814],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,139815,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,139817,139818,139820,139822,139824],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,139819,110],{"class":109},[69,139821,113],{"class":83},[69,139823,42533],{"class":121},[69,139825,221],{"class":83},[14,139827,643],{},[60,139829,139831],{"className":62,"code":139830,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['2024', '10', '31']\n",[17,139832,139833],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,139834,139835,139837,139839,139842,139844,139846,139848,139850,139852,139854,139856,139859,139861],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,139836,3739],{"class":83},[69,139838,488],{"class":94},[69,139840,139841],{"class":336},"2024",[69,139843,488],{"class":94},[69,139845,91],{"class":83},[69,139847,3161],{"class":94},[69,139849,2197],{"class":336},[69,139851,488],{"class":94},[69,139853,91],{"class":83},[69,139855,3161],{"class":94},[69,139857,139858],{"class":336},"31",[69,139860,488],{"class":94},[69,139862,103],{"class":83},[14,139864,139865],{},"This is common when working with simple data formats.",[14,139867,139868,139869,25],{},"For more task-focused examples, see ",[192,139870,128711],{"href":128710},[141,139872,8050,139874],{"id":139873},"using-maxsplit",[17,139875,139282],{},[14,139877,139878,139880],{},[17,139879,139282],{}," limits the number of splits.",[14,139882,139883],{},"After that limit is reached, the rest of the string stays together in the last item.",[14,139885,2076],{},[60,139887,139889],{"className":62,"code":139888,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"name:age:city:country\"\nparts = text.split(\":\", 2)\n\nprint(parts)\n",[17,139890,139891,139904,139930,139934],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,139892,139893,139895,139897,139899,139902],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,139894,34345],{"class":75},[69,139896,80],{"class":79},[69,139898,964],{"class":94},[69,139900,139901],{"class":336},"name:age:city:country",[69,139903,3224],{"class":94},[69,139905,139906,139908,139910,139912,139914,139916,139918,139920,139922,139924,139926,139928],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,139907,42501],{"class":75},[69,139909,80],{"class":79},[69,139911,42506],{"class":75},[69,139913,25],{"class":83},[69,139915,34126],{"class":121},[69,139917,113],{"class":83},[69,139919,333],{"class":94},[69,139921,1044],{"class":336},[69,139923,333],{"class":94},[69,139925,91],{"class":83},[69,139927,316],{"class":87},[69,139929,221],{"class":83},[69,139931,139932],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,139933,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,139935,139936,139938,139940,139942],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,139937,110],{"class":109},[69,139939,113],{"class":83},[69,139941,42533],{"class":121},[69,139943,221],{"class":83},[14,139945,643],{},[60,139947,139949],{"className":62,"code":139948,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['name', 'age', 'city:country']\n",[17,139950,139951],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,139952,139953,139955,139957,139959,139961,139963,139965,139967,139969,139971,139973,139976,139978],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,139954,3739],{"class":83},[69,139956,488],{"class":94},[69,139958,7297],{"class":336},[69,139960,488],{"class":94},[69,139962,91],{"class":83},[69,139964,3161],{"class":94},[69,139966,8935],{"class":336},[69,139968,488],{"class":94},[69,139970,91],{"class":83},[69,139972,3161],{"class":94},[69,139974,139975],{"class":336},"city:country",[69,139977,488],{"class":94},[69,139979,103],{"class":83},[14,139981,2046],{},[30,139983,139984,139989,139994],{},[33,139985,139986,139987],{},"Python splits at the first ",[17,139988,1044],{},[33,139990,139991,139992],{},"then splits at the second ",[17,139993,1044],{},[33,139995,139996],{},"then stops",[14,139998,139999],{},"This is useful when only the first few separators matter.",[14,140001,51748],{},[60,140003,140005],{"className":62,"code":140004,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"apple banana cherry grape\"\nprint(text.split(\" \", 1))\n",[17,140006,140007,140020],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,140008,140009,140011,140013,140015,140018],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,140010,34345],{"class":75},[69,140012,80],{"class":79},[69,140014,964],{"class":94},[69,140016,140017],{"class":336},"apple banana cherry grape",[69,140019,3224],{"class":94},[69,140021,140022,140024,140026,140028,140030,140032,140034,140036,140038,140040,140042],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,140023,110],{"class":109},[69,140025,113],{"class":83},[69,140027,34366],{"class":121},[69,140029,25],{"class":83},[69,140031,34126],{"class":121},[69,140033,113],{"class":83},[69,140035,333],{"class":94},[69,140037,964],{"class":94},[69,140039,91],{"class":83},[69,140041,272],{"class":87},[69,140043,342],{"class":83},[14,140045,643],{},[60,140047,140049],{"className":62,"code":140048,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['apple', 'banana cherry grape']\n",[17,140050,140051],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,140052,140053,140055,140057,140059,140061,140063,140065,140068,140070],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,140054,3739],{"class":83},[69,140056,488],{"class":94},[69,140058,952],{"class":336},[69,140060,488],{"class":94},[69,140062,91],{"class":83},[69,140064,3161],{"class":94},[69,140066,140067],{"class":336},"banana cherry grape",[69,140069,488],{"class":94},[69,140071,103],{"class":83},[141,140073,3540,140075,11347],{"id":140074},"what-split-returns",[17,140076,60202],{},[14,140078,140079,140080,140082,140083,25],{},"The result of ",[17,140081,60202],{}," is always a ",[22,140084,7725],{},[14,140086,140087],{},"Each item in that list is a string.",[14,140089,2076],{},[60,140091,140093],{"className":62,"code":140092,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"cat,dog,bird\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\nprint(type(parts))\nprint(parts[0])\n",[17,140094,140095,140108,140130,140134,140144,140158],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,140096,140097,140099,140101,140103,140106],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,140098,34345],{"class":75},[69,140100,80],{"class":79},[69,140102,964],{"class":94},[69,140104,140105],{"class":336},"cat,dog,bird",[69,140107,3224],{"class":94},[69,140109,140110,140112,140114,140116,140118,140120,140122,140124,140126,140128],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,140111,42501],{"class":75},[69,140113,80],{"class":79},[69,140115,42506],{"class":75},[69,140117,25],{"class":83},[69,140119,34126],{"class":121},[69,140121,113],{"class":83},[69,140123,333],{"class":94},[69,140125,91],{"class":336},[69,140127,333],{"class":94},[69,140129,221],{"class":83},[69,140131,140132],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,140133,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,140135,140136,140138,140140,140142],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,140137,110],{"class":109},[69,140139,113],{"class":83},[69,140141,42533],{"class":121},[69,140143,221],{"class":83},[69,140145,140146,140148,140150,140152,140154,140156],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,140147,110],{"class":109},[69,140149,113],{"class":83},[69,140151,3087],{"class":1126},[69,140153,113],{"class":83},[69,140155,42533],{"class":121},[69,140157,342],{"class":83},[69,140159,140160,140162,140164,140166,140168,140170],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,140161,110],{"class":109},[69,140163,113],{"class":83},[69,140165,42533],{"class":121},[69,140167,3739],{"class":83},[69,140169,88],{"class":87},[69,140171,3727],{"class":83},[14,140173,643],{},[60,140175,140177],{"className":62,"code":140176,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\ncat\n",[17,140178,140179,140207,140221],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,140180,140181,140183,140185,140187,140189,140191,140193,140195,140197,140199,140201,140203,140205],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,140182,3739],{"class":83},[69,140184,488],{"class":94},[69,140186,36708],{"class":336},[69,140188,488],{"class":94},[69,140190,91],{"class":83},[69,140192,3161],{"class":94},[69,140194,57797],{"class":336},[69,140196,488],{"class":94},[69,140198,91],{"class":83},[69,140200,3161],{"class":94},[69,140202,57814],{"class":336},[69,140204,488],{"class":94},[69,140206,103],{"class":83},[69,140208,140209,140211,140213,140215,140217,140219],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,140210,852],{"class":79},[69,140212,3158],{"class":1932},[69,140214,3161],{"class":94},[69,140216,7725],{"class":336},[69,140218,488],{"class":94},[69,140220,3168],{"class":79},[69,140222,140223],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,140224,85141],{"class":75},[14,140226,140227],{},"Because the result is a list, you can:",[30,140229,140230,140233,140236],{},[33,140231,140232],{},"loop over it",[33,140234,140235],{},"access items by index",[33,140237,140238],{},"combine items again later",[14,140240,140241,140242,25],{},"If you want to turn the list back into one string, use ",[192,140243,126027,140245,10379],{"href":140244},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method\u002F",[17,140246,133109],{},[14,140248,2076],{},[60,140250,140252],{"className":62,"code":140251,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"parts = ['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\ntext = \"-\".join(parts)\n\nprint(text)\n",[17,140253,140254,140286,140308,140312],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,140255,140256,140258,140260,140262,140264,140266,140268,140270,140272,140274,140276,140278,140280,140282,140284],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,140257,42501],{"class":75},[69,140259,80],{"class":79},[69,140261,84],{"class":83},[69,140263,488],{"class":94},[69,140265,36708],{"class":336},[69,140267,488],{"class":94},[69,140269,91],{"class":83},[69,140271,3161],{"class":94},[69,140273,57797],{"class":336},[69,140275,488],{"class":94},[69,140277,91],{"class":83},[69,140279,3161],{"class":94},[69,140281,57814],{"class":336},[69,140283,488],{"class":94},[69,140285,103],{"class":83},[69,140287,140288,140290,140292,140294,140296,140298,140300,140302,140304,140306],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,140289,34345],{"class":75},[69,140291,80],{"class":79},[69,140293,964],{"class":94},[69,140295,1889],{"class":336},[69,140297,333],{"class":94},[69,140299,25],{"class":83},[69,140301,133186],{"class":121},[69,140303,113],{"class":83},[69,140305,42533],{"class":121},[69,140307,221],{"class":83},[69,140309,140310],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,140311,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,140313,140314,140316,140318,140320],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,140315,110],{"class":109},[69,140317,113],{"class":83},[69,140319,34366],{"class":121},[69,140321,221],{"class":83},[14,140323,643],{},[60,140325,140327],{"className":62,"code":140326,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"cat-dog-bird\n",[17,140328,140329],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,140330,140331,140333,140335,140337,140339],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,140332,36708],{"class":75},[69,140334,1889],{"class":79},[69,140336,57797],{"class":75},[69,140338,1889],{"class":79},[69,140340,140341],{"class":75},"bird\n",[141,140343,140345],{"id":140344},"common-edge-cases","Common edge cases",[14,140347,140348],{},"Here are some cases that often surprise beginners.",[1369,140350,140352],{"id":140351},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-no-separator","Splitting an empty string with no separator",[60,140354,140356],{"className":62,"code":140355,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[17,140357,140358,140366],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,140359,140360,140362,140364],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,140361,34345],{"class":75},[69,140363,80],{"class":79},[69,140365,7512],{"class":94},[69,140367,140368,140370,140372,140374,140376,140378],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,140369,110],{"class":109},[69,140371,113],{"class":83},[69,140373,34366],{"class":121},[69,140375,25],{"class":83},[69,140377,34126],{"class":121},[69,140379,6822],{"class":83},[14,140381,643],{},[60,140383,140384],{"className":62,"code":37959,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,140385,140386],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,140387,140388],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,140389,37959],{"class":83},[1369,140391,140393],{"id":140392},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-a-custom-separator","Splitting an empty string with a custom separator",[60,140395,140397],{"className":62,"code":140396,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[17,140398,140399,140407],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,140400,140401,140403,140405],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,140402,34345],{"class":75},[69,140404,80],{"class":79},[69,140406,7512],{"class":94},[69,140408,140409,140411,140413,140415,140417,140419,140421,140423,140425,140427],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,140410,110],{"class":109},[69,140412,113],{"class":83},[69,140414,34366],{"class":121},[69,140416,25],{"class":83},[69,140418,34126],{"class":121},[69,140420,113],{"class":83},[69,140422,333],{"class":94},[69,140424,91],{"class":336},[69,140426,333],{"class":94},[69,140428,342],{"class":83},[14,140430,643],{},[60,140432,140434],{"className":62,"code":140433,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['']\n",[17,140435,140436],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,140437,140438,140440,140442],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,140439,3739],{"class":83},[69,140441,429],{"class":94},[69,140443,103],{"class":83},[1369,140445,140447],{"id":140446},"separator-not-found","Separator not found",[14,140449,140450],{},"If Python does not find the separator, it returns a one-item list containing the original string.",[60,140452,140454],{"className":62,"code":140453,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[17,140455,140456,140468],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,140457,140458,140460,140462,140464,140466],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,140459,34345],{"class":75},[69,140461,80],{"class":79},[69,140463,964],{"class":94},[69,140465,337],{"class":336},[69,140467,3224],{"class":94},[69,140469,140470,140472,140474,140476,140478,140480,140482,140484,140486,140488],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,140471,110],{"class":109},[69,140473,113],{"class":83},[69,140475,34366],{"class":121},[69,140477,25],{"class":83},[69,140479,34126],{"class":121},[69,140481,113],{"class":83},[69,140483,333],{"class":94},[69,140485,91],{"class":336},[69,140487,333],{"class":94},[69,140489,342],{"class":83},[14,140491,643],{},[60,140493,140495],{"className":62,"code":140494,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['hello']\n",[17,140496,140497],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,140498,140499,140501,140503,140505,140507],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,140500,3739],{"class":83},[69,140502,488],{"class":94},[69,140504,337],{"class":336},[69,140506,488],{"class":94},[69,140508,103],{"class":83},[141,140510,4788,140512],{"id":140511},"when-to-use-split",[17,140513,60202],{},[14,140515,132,140516,140518],{},[17,140517,60202],{}," when you need to:",[30,140520,140521,140524,140527],{},[33,140522,140523],{},"split a sentence into words",[33,140525,140526],{},"split comma-separated values",[33,140528,140529],{},"break lines or simple structured text into parts",[14,140531,140532],{},"It is especially useful for tasks like:",[30,140534,140535,140538,140541],{},[33,140536,140537],{},"cleaning text",[33,140539,140540],{},"parsing user input",[33,140542,140543],{},"processing simple file content",[141,140545,2698],{"id":2697},[14,140547,83912],{},[30,140549,140550,140554,140560,140563,140571],{},[33,140551,50173,140552,131247],{},[17,140553,60202],{},[33,140555,140556,140557,140559],{},"forgetting that ",[17,140558,60202],{}," returns a list, not a string",[33,140561,140562],{},"using the wrong separator",[33,140564,140565,140566,140568,140569],{},"assuming ",[17,140567,139505],{}," behaves the same as ",[17,140570,60202],{},[33,140572,140573],{},"using an index that does not exist after splitting",[14,140575,140576],{},"Example of a common mistake:",[60,140578,140580],{"className":62,"code":140579,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"a,b,c\"\ntext.split(\",\")\n\nprint(text)\n",[17,140581,140582,140594,140612,140616],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,140583,140584,140586,140588,140590,140592],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,140585,34345],{"class":75},[69,140587,80],{"class":79},[69,140589,964],{"class":94},[69,140591,42494],{"class":336},[69,140593,3224],{"class":94},[69,140595,140596,140598,140600,140602,140604,140606,140608,140610],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,140597,34366],{"class":75},[69,140599,25],{"class":83},[69,140601,34126],{"class":121},[69,140603,113],{"class":83},[69,140605,333],{"class":94},[69,140607,91],{"class":336},[69,140609,333],{"class":94},[69,140611,221],{"class":83},[69,140613,140614],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,140615,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,140617,140618,140620,140622,140624],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,140619,110],{"class":109},[69,140621,113],{"class":83},[69,140623,34366],{"class":121},[69,140625,221],{"class":83},[14,140627,643],{},[60,140629,140631],{"className":62,"code":140630,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a,b,c\n",[17,140632,140633],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,140634,140635,140637,140639,140641,140643],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,140636,192],{"class":75},[69,140638,91],{"class":83},[69,140640,4587],{"class":75},[69,140642,91],{"class":83},[69,140644,68918],{"class":75},[14,140646,140647],{},"This happens because the result was not saved.",[14,140649,10446],{},[60,140651,140652],{"className":62,"code":42481,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,140653,140654,140666,140688,140692],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,140655,140656,140658,140660,140662,140664],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,140657,34345],{"class":75},[69,140659,80],{"class":79},[69,140661,964],{"class":94},[69,140663,42494],{"class":336},[69,140665,3224],{"class":94},[69,140667,140668,140670,140672,140674,140676,140678,140680,140682,140684,140686],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,140669,42501],{"class":75},[69,140671,80],{"class":79},[69,140673,42506],{"class":75},[69,140675,25],{"class":83},[69,140677,34126],{"class":121},[69,140679,113],{"class":83},[69,140681,333],{"class":94},[69,140683,91],{"class":336},[69,140685,333],{"class":94},[69,140687,221],{"class":83},[69,140689,140690],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,140691,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,140693,140694,140696,140698,140700],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,140695,110],{"class":109},[69,140697,113],{"class":83},[69,140699,42533],{"class":121},[69,140701,221],{"class":83},[14,140703,643],{},[60,140705,140706],{"className":62,"code":42540,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,140707,140708],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,140709,140710,140712,140714,140716,140718,140720,140722,140724,140726,140728,140730,140732,140734],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,140711,3739],{"class":83},[69,140713,488],{"class":94},[69,140715,192],{"class":336},[69,140717,488],{"class":94},[69,140719,91],{"class":83},[69,140721,3161],{"class":94},[69,140723,4587],{"class":336},[69,140725,488],{"class":94},[69,140727,91],{"class":83},[69,140729,3161],{"class":94},[69,140731,9376],{"class":336},[69,140733,488],{"class":94},[69,140735,103],{"class":83},[14,140737,140738],{},"Another common problem is using an index that does not exist:",[60,140740,140742],{"className":62,"code":140741,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"apple,banana\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts[2])\n",[17,140743,140744,140757,140779,140783],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,140745,140746,140748,140750,140752,140755],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,140747,34345],{"class":75},[69,140749,80],{"class":79},[69,140751,964],{"class":94},[69,140753,140754],{"class":336},"apple,banana",[69,140756,3224],{"class":94},[69,140758,140759,140761,140763,140765,140767,140769,140771,140773,140775,140777],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,140760,42501],{"class":75},[69,140762,80],{"class":79},[69,140764,42506],{"class":75},[69,140766,25],{"class":83},[69,140768,34126],{"class":121},[69,140770,113],{"class":83},[69,140772,333],{"class":94},[69,140774,91],{"class":336},[69,140776,333],{"class":94},[69,140778,221],{"class":83},[69,140780,140781],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,140782,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,140784,140785,140787,140789,140791,140793,140795],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,140786,110],{"class":109},[69,140788,113],{"class":83},[69,140790,42533],{"class":121},[69,140792,3739],{"class":83},[69,140794,821],{"class":87},[69,140796,3727],{"class":83},[14,140798,140799,140800,25],{},"This causes an error because there is no third item. If you need help with that, see ",[192,140801,68931],{"href":68930},[1369,140803,60381],{"id":60380},[14,140805,8510,140806,140808],{},[17,140807,60202],{}," is not giving the result you expect, try printing these:",[60,140810,140812],{"className":62,"code":140811,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(text)\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(','))\nprint(len(text.split(',')))\nprint(type(text.split(',')))\n",[17,140813,140814,140824,140838,140860,140886],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,140815,140816,140818,140820,140822],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,140817,110],{"class":109},[69,140819,113],{"class":83},[69,140821,34366],{"class":121},[69,140823,221],{"class":83},[69,140825,140826,140828,140830,140832,140834,140836],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,140827,110],{"class":109},[69,140829,113],{"class":83},[69,140831,34366],{"class":121},[69,140833,25],{"class":83},[69,140835,34126],{"class":121},[69,140837,6822],{"class":83},[69,140839,140840,140842,140844,140846,140848,140850,140852,140854,140856,140858],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,140841,110],{"class":109},[69,140843,113],{"class":83},[69,140845,34366],{"class":121},[69,140847,25],{"class":83},[69,140849,34126],{"class":121},[69,140851,113],{"class":83},[69,140853,488],{"class":94},[69,140855,91],{"class":336},[69,140857,488],{"class":94},[69,140859,342],{"class":83},[69,140861,140862,140864,140866,140868,140870,140872,140874,140876,140878,140880,140882,140884],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,140863,110],{"class":109},[69,140865,113],{"class":83},[69,140867,10801],{"class":109},[69,140869,113],{"class":83},[69,140871,34366],{"class":121},[69,140873,25],{"class":83},[69,140875,34126],{"class":121},[69,140877,113],{"class":83},[69,140879,488],{"class":94},[69,140881,91],{"class":336},[69,140883,488],{"class":94},[69,140885,297],{"class":83},[69,140887,140888,140890,140892,140894,140896,140898,140900,140902,140904,140906,140908,140910],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,140889,110],{"class":109},[69,140891,113],{"class":83},[69,140893,3087],{"class":1126},[69,140895,113],{"class":83},[69,140897,34366],{"class":121},[69,140899,25],{"class":83},[69,140901,34126],{"class":121},[69,140903,113],{"class":83},[69,140905,488],{"class":94},[69,140907,91],{"class":336},[69,140909,488],{"class":94},[69,140911,297],{"class":83},[14,140913,10810],{},[30,140915,140916,140919,140922,140925],{},[33,140917,140918],{},"what the original string looks like",[33,140920,140921],{},"which separator works",[33,140923,140924],{},"how many items were created",[33,140926,140927],{},"that the result is a list",[141,140929,1651],{"id":1650},[1369,140931,5006,140933,587,140935,2359],{"id":140932},"what-is-the-difference-between-split-and-split",[17,140934,60202],{},[17,140936,139505],{},[14,140938,140939,140941],{},[17,140940,60202],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces.",[14,140943,140944,140946],{},[17,140945,139505],{}," only splits on the space character and can produce empty strings.",[1369,140948,12347,140950,124354],{"id":140949},"does-split-change-the-original-string",[17,140951,60202],{},[14,140953,140954,140955,56148],{},"No. Strings are immutable. ",[17,140956,60202],{},[1369,140958,4969,140960,39623],{"id":140959},"what-does-maxsplit-do",[17,140961,139282],{},[14,140963,140964],{},"It sets the maximum number of splits. After that, the rest of the string stays in the final list item.",[1369,140966,140968],{"id":140967},"why-am-i-getting-a-list-instead-of-a-string","Why am I getting a list instead of a string?",[14,140970,28715,140971,140973],{},[17,140972,60202],{}," always returns a list of strings.",[141,140975,1771],{"id":1770},[30,140977,140978,140982,140988,140994,140998],{},[33,140979,140980],{},[192,140981,129632],{"href":128710},[33,140983,140984],{},[192,140985,126027,140986,10379],{"href":140244},[17,140987,133109],{},[33,140989,140990],{},[192,140991,126027,140992,10379],{"href":136597},[17,140993,41317],{},[33,140995,140996],{},[192,140997,124782],{"href":50643},[33,140999,141000],{},[192,141001,68931],{"href":68930},[1802,141003,141004],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":141006},[141007,141008,141010,141011,141016,141017,141019,141021,141026,141028,141031,141040],{"id":1869,"depth":106,"text":1870},{"id":139112,"depth":106,"text":141009},"What split() does",{"id":2023,"depth":106,"text":2024},{"id":139360,"depth":106,"text":141012,"children":141013},"Using split() with no separator",[141014],{"id":139500,"depth":300,"text":141015},"split() vs split(' ')",{"id":139663,"depth":106,"text":139664},{"id":139873,"depth":106,"text":141018},"Using maxsplit",{"id":140074,"depth":106,"text":141020},"What split() returns",{"id":140344,"depth":106,"text":140345,"children":141022},[141023,141024,141025],{"id":140351,"depth":300,"text":140352},{"id":140392,"depth":300,"text":140393},{"id":140446,"depth":300,"text":140447},{"id":140511,"depth":106,"text":141027},"When to use split()",{"id":2697,"depth":106,"text":2698,"children":141029},[141030],{"id":60380,"depth":300,"text":60381},{"id":1650,"depth":106,"text":1651,"children":141032},[141033,141035,141037,141039],{"id":140932,"depth":300,"text":141034},"What is the difference between split() and split(' ')?",{"id":140949,"depth":300,"text":141036},"Does split() change the original string?",{"id":140959,"depth":300,"text":141038},"What does maxsplit do?",{"id":140967,"depth":300,"text":140968},{"id":1770,"depth":106,"text":1771},"Master python string split method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method",{"title":139021,"description":141041},"reference\u002Fpython-string-split-method","cCGXdWx7_YYjF-3k7XJupk3UdiQY7ADrDK7YZ7Egp2A",{"id":141048,"title":141049,"body":141050,"description":142993,"extension":1828,"meta":142994,"navigation":833,"path":142995,"seo":142996,"stem":142997,"__hash__":142998},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method.md","Python String startswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":141051,"toc":142952},[141052,141057,141062,141069,141142,141147,141152,141157,141173,141175,141245,141247,141249,141269,141271,141316,141321,141323,141421,141426,141430,141435,141439,141442,141484,141488,141491,141536,141540,141543,141593,141597,141602,141654,141656,141661,141672,141677,141757,141759,141771,141780,141787,141802,141804,141919,141925,141929,141932,141937,142079,142082,142089,142091,142095,142103,142172,142178,142227,142232,142237,142239,142259,142261,142327,142329,142333,142336,142340,142381,142383,142416,142421,142424,142451,142453,142496,142503,142508,142518,142584,142588,142596,142601,142652,142656,142659,142661,142670,142672,142722,142724,142831,142833,142838,142845,142851,142854,142885,142890,142892,142899,142907,142916,142919,142921,142949],[10,141053,123027,141055,10962],{"id":141054},"python-string-startswith-method",[17,141056,127395],{},[14,141058,123032,141059,141061],{},[17,141060,127395],{}," method checks whether a string begins with specific text.",[14,141063,126093,141064,54,141066,141068],{},[17,141065,53],{},[17,141067,57],{}," answer. Beginners often use it to test commands, filenames, labels, and other text patterns.",[60,141070,141072],{"className":62,"code":141071,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"Python Beginner Help\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Python\"))   # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"Beginner\")) # False\n",[17,141073,141074,141087,141091,141116],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,141075,141076,141078,141080,141082,141085],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,141077,34345],{"class":75},[69,141079,80],{"class":79},[69,141081,964],{"class":94},[69,141083,141084],{"class":336},"Python Beginner Help",[69,141086,3224],{"class":94},[69,141088,141089],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,141090,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,141092,141093,141095,141097,141099,141101,141104,141106,141108,141110,141112,141114],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,141094,110],{"class":109},[69,141096,113],{"class":83},[69,141098,34366],{"class":121},[69,141100,25],{"class":83},[69,141102,141103],{"class":121},"startswith",[69,141105,113],{"class":83},[69,141107,333],{"class":94},[69,141109,6925],{"class":336},[69,141111,333],{"class":94},[69,141113,125],{"class":83},[69,141115,43520],{"class":128},[69,141117,141118,141120,141122,141124,141126,141128,141130,141132,141135,141137,141139],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,141119,110],{"class":109},[69,141121,113],{"class":83},[69,141123,34366],{"class":121},[69,141125,25],{"class":83},[69,141127,141103],{"class":121},[69,141129,113],{"class":83},[69,141131,333],{"class":94},[69,141133,141134],{"class":336},"Beginner",[69,141136,333],{"class":94},[69,141138,125],{"class":83},[69,141140,141141],{"class":128}," # False\n",[14,141143,132,141144,141146],{},[17,141145,127395],{}," when you want to check whether a string begins with certain text.",[141,141148,3540,141150,3543],{"id":141149},"what-startswith-does",[17,141151,127395],{},[14,141153,141154,141156],{},[17,141155,127395],{}," is a string method that checks the beginning of a string.",[30,141158,141159,141162,141168,141170],{},[33,141160,141161],{},"It checks whether a string begins with a given value",[33,141163,1658,141164,54,141166],{},[17,141165,53],{},[17,141167,57],{},[33,141169,123170],{},[33,141171,141172],{},"It works only on strings",[14,141174,2076],{},[60,141176,141178],{"className":62,"code":141177,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"name = \"Python\"\n\nprint(name.startswith(\"Py\"))   # True\nprint(name.startswith(\"py\"))   # False\n",[17,141179,141180,141192,141196,141221],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,141181,141182,141184,141186,141188,141190],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,141183,7507],{"class":75},[69,141185,80],{"class":79},[69,141187,964],{"class":94},[69,141189,6925],{"class":336},[69,141191,3224],{"class":94},[69,141193,141194],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,141195,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,141197,141198,141200,141202,141204,141206,141208,141210,141212,141215,141217,141219],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,141199,110],{"class":109},[69,141201,113],{"class":83},[69,141203,7297],{"class":121},[69,141205,25],{"class":83},[69,141207,141103],{"class":121},[69,141209,113],{"class":83},[69,141211,333],{"class":94},[69,141213,141214],{"class":336},"Py",[69,141216,333],{"class":94},[69,141218,125],{"class":83},[69,141220,43520],{"class":128},[69,141222,141223,141225,141227,141229,141231,141233,141235,141237,141239,141241,141243],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,141224,110],{"class":109},[69,141226,113],{"class":83},[69,141228,7297],{"class":121},[69,141230,25],{"class":83},[69,141232,141103],{"class":121},[69,141234,113],{"class":83},[69,141236,333],{"class":94},[69,141238,128473],{"class":336},[69,141240,333],{"class":94},[69,141242,125],{"class":83},[69,141244,43537],{"class":128},[141,141246,2024],{"id":2023},[14,141248,42049],{},[60,141250,141252],{"className":62,"code":141251,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"string.startswith(prefix)\n",[17,141253,141254],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,141255,141256,141258,141260,141262,141264,141267],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,141257,60845],{"class":75},[69,141259,25],{"class":83},[69,141261,141103],{"class":121},[69,141263,113],{"class":83},[69,141265,141266],{"class":121},"prefix",[69,141268,221],{"class":83},[14,141270,30419],{},[60,141272,141274],{"className":62,"code":141273,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"string.startswith(prefix, start)\nstring.startswith(prefix, start, end)\n",[17,141275,141276,141294],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,141277,141278,141280,141282,141284,141286,141288,141290,141292],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,141279,60845],{"class":75},[69,141281,25],{"class":83},[69,141283,141103],{"class":121},[69,141285,113],{"class":83},[69,141287,141266],{"class":121},[69,141289,91],{"class":83},[69,141291,35711],{"class":121},[69,141293,221],{"class":83},[69,141295,141296,141298,141300,141302,141304,141306,141308,141310,141312,141314],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,141297,60845],{"class":75},[69,141299,25],{"class":83},[69,141301,141103],{"class":121},[69,141303,113],{"class":83},[69,141305,141266],{"class":121},[69,141307,91],{"class":83},[69,141309,35711],{"class":121},[69,141311,91],{"class":83},[69,141313,64712],{"class":121},[69,141315,221],{"class":83},[14,141317,20421,141318,141320],{},[17,141319,141266],{}," is the text you want to check at the beginning.",[14,141322,2076],{},[60,141324,141326],{"className":62,"code":141325,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"hello\"))      # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))      # False\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))   # True\n",[17,141327,141328,141340,141344,141369,141393],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,141329,141330,141332,141334,141336,141338],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,141331,34345],{"class":75},[69,141333,80],{"class":79},[69,141335,964],{"class":94},[69,141337,60077],{"class":336},[69,141339,3224],{"class":94},[69,141341,141342],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,141343,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,141345,141346,141348,141350,141352,141354,141356,141358,141360,141362,141364,141366],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,141347,110],{"class":109},[69,141349,113],{"class":83},[69,141351,34366],{"class":121},[69,141353,25],{"class":83},[69,141355,141103],{"class":121},[69,141357,113],{"class":83},[69,141359,333],{"class":94},[69,141361,337],{"class":336},[69,141363,333],{"class":94},[69,141365,125],{"class":83},[69,141367,141368],{"class":128},"      # True\n",[69,141370,141371,141373,141375,141377,141379,141381,141383,141385,141387,141389,141391],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,141372,110],{"class":109},[69,141374,113],{"class":83},[69,141376,34366],{"class":121},[69,141378,25],{"class":83},[69,141380,141103],{"class":121},[69,141382,113],{"class":83},[69,141384,333],{"class":94},[69,141386,60262],{"class":336},[69,141388,333],{"class":94},[69,141390,125],{"class":83},[69,141392,20851],{"class":128},[69,141394,141395,141397,141399,141401,141403,141405,141407,141409,141411,141413,141415,141417,141419],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,141396,110],{"class":109},[69,141398,113],{"class":83},[69,141400,34366],{"class":121},[69,141402,25],{"class":83},[69,141404,141103],{"class":121},[69,141406,113],{"class":83},[69,141408,333],{"class":94},[69,141410,60262],{"class":336},[69,141412,333],{"class":94},[69,141414,91],{"class":83},[69,141416,37305],{"class":87},[69,141418,125],{"class":83},[69,141420,43520],{"class":128},[14,141422,141423,141424,25],{},"If you are new to Python strings, see ",[192,141425,124782],{"href":50643},[141,141427,141429],{"id":141428},"parameters-explained","Parameters explained",[14,141431,141432,141434],{},[17,141433,127395],{}," can take up to three arguments.",[1369,141436,141437],{"id":141266},[17,141438,141266],{},[14,141440,141441],{},"This is the starting text you want to match.",[60,141443,141445],{"className":62,"code":141444,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"ban\"))  # True\n",[17,141446,141447,141459],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,141448,141449,141451,141453,141455,141457],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,141450,34345],{"class":75},[69,141452,80],{"class":79},[69,141454,964],{"class":94},[69,141456,967],{"class":336},[69,141458,3224],{"class":94},[69,141460,141461,141463,141465,141467,141469,141471,141473,141475,141478,141480,141482],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,141462,110],{"class":109},[69,141464,113],{"class":83},[69,141466,34366],{"class":121},[69,141468,25],{"class":83},[69,141470,141103],{"class":121},[69,141472,113],{"class":83},[69,141474,333],{"class":94},[69,141476,141477],{"class":336},"ban",[69,141479,333],{"class":94},[69,141481,125],{"class":83},[69,141483,129],{"class":128},[1369,141485,141486],{"id":35732},[17,141487,35732],{},[14,141489,141490],{},"This optional number tells Python where to begin checking.",[60,141492,141494],{"className":62,"code":141493,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))  # True\n",[17,141495,141496,141508],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,141497,141498,141500,141502,141504,141506],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,141499,34345],{"class":75},[69,141501,80],{"class":79},[69,141503,964],{"class":94},[69,141505,60077],{"class":336},[69,141507,3224],{"class":94},[69,141509,141510,141512,141514,141516,141518,141520,141522,141524,141526,141528,141530,141532,141534],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,141511,110],{"class":109},[69,141513,113],{"class":83},[69,141515,34366],{"class":121},[69,141517,25],{"class":83},[69,141519,141103],{"class":121},[69,141521,113],{"class":83},[69,141523,333],{"class":94},[69,141525,60262],{"class":336},[69,141527,333],{"class":94},[69,141529,91],{"class":83},[69,141531,37305],{"class":87},[69,141533,125],{"class":83},[69,141535,129],{"class":128},[1369,141537,141538],{"id":52329},[17,141539,52329],{},[14,141541,141542],{},"This optional number tells Python where to stop checking.",[60,141544,141546],{"className":62,"code":141545,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"wor\", 6, 9))  # True\n",[17,141547,141548,141560],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,141549,141550,141552,141554,141556,141558],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,141551,34345],{"class":75},[69,141553,80],{"class":79},[69,141555,964],{"class":94},[69,141557,60077],{"class":336},[69,141559,3224],{"class":94},[69,141561,141562,141564,141566,141568,141570,141572,141574,141576,141579,141581,141583,141585,141587,141589,141591],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,141563,110],{"class":109},[69,141565,113],{"class":83},[69,141567,34366],{"class":121},[69,141569,25],{"class":83},[69,141571,141103],{"class":121},[69,141573,113],{"class":83},[69,141575,333],{"class":94},[69,141577,141578],{"class":336},"wor",[69,141580,333],{"class":94},[69,141582,91],{"class":83},[69,141584,37305],{"class":87},[69,141586,91],{"class":83},[69,141588,53805],{"class":87},[69,141590,125],{"class":83},[69,141592,129],{"class":128},[1369,141594,141596],{"id":141595},"multiple-prefixes","Multiple prefixes",[14,141598,141599,141601],{},[17,141600,141266],{}," can also be a tuple of strings. This lets you test more than one possible beginning.",[60,141603,141605],{"className":62,"code":141604,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"filename = \"img_001.png\"\nprint(filename.startswith((\"img_\", \"photo_\")))  # True\n",[17,141606,141607,141620],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,141608,141609,141611,141613,141615,141618],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,141610,126110],{"class":75},[69,141612,80],{"class":79},[69,141614,964],{"class":94},[69,141616,141617],{"class":336},"img_001.png",[69,141619,3224],{"class":94},[69,141621,141622,141624,141626,141628,141630,141632,141634,141636,141639,141641,141643,141645,141648,141650,141652],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,141623,110],{"class":109},[69,141625,113],{"class":83},[69,141627,126128],{"class":121},[69,141629,25],{"class":83},[69,141631,141103],{"class":121},[69,141633,286],{"class":83},[69,141635,333],{"class":94},[69,141637,141638],{"class":336},"img_",[69,141640,333],{"class":94},[69,141642,91],{"class":83},[69,141644,964],{"class":94},[69,141646,141647],{"class":336},"photo_",[69,141649,333],{"class":94},[69,141651,50759],{"class":83},[69,141653,129],{"class":128},[141,141655,17067],{"id":17066},[14,141657,141658,141660],{},[17,141659,127395],{}," always returns a Boolean value:",[30,141662,141663,141668],{},[33,141664,141665,141667],{},[17,141666,53],{}," if the string starts with the prefix",[33,141669,141670,126712],{},[17,141671,57],{},[14,141673,141674,141675,6800],{},"This makes it useful in ",[17,141676,6625],{},[60,141678,141680],{"className":62,"code":141679,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"command = \"\u002Fhelp\"\n\nif command.startswith(\"\u002F\"):\n    print(\"This looks like a command.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is normal text.\")\n",[17,141681,141682,141696,141700,141721,141736,141742],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,141683,141684,141687,141689,141691,141694],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,141685,141686],{"class":75},"command ",[69,141688,80],{"class":79},[69,141690,964],{"class":94},[69,141692,141693],{"class":336},"\u002Fhelp",[69,141695,3224],{"class":94},[69,141697,141698],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,141699,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,141701,141702,141704,141707,141709,141711,141713,141715,141717,141719],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,141703,6625],{"class":773},[69,141705,141706],{"class":75}," command",[69,141708,25],{"class":83},[69,141710,141103],{"class":121},[69,141712,113],{"class":83},[69,141714,333],{"class":94},[69,141716,126919],{"class":336},[69,141718,333],{"class":94},[69,141720,7974],{"class":83},[69,141722,141723,141725,141727,141729,141732,141734],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,141724,7700],{"class":109},[69,141726,113],{"class":83},[69,141728,333],{"class":94},[69,141730,141731],{"class":336},"This looks like a command.",[69,141733,333],{"class":94},[69,141735,221],{"class":83},[69,141737,141738,141740],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,141739,27087],{"class":773},[69,141741,1235],{"class":83},[69,141743,141744,141746,141748,141750,141753,141755],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,141745,7700],{"class":109},[69,141747,113],{"class":83},[69,141749,333],{"class":94},[69,141751,141752],{"class":336},"This is normal text.",[69,141754,333],{"class":94},[69,141756,221],{"class":83},[14,141758,643],{},[60,141760,141762],{"className":62,"code":141761,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"This looks like a command.\n",[17,141763,141764],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,141765,141766,141769],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,141767,141768],{"class":75},"This looks like a command",[69,141770,122059],{"class":83},[141,141772,8050,141774,8339,141776,587,141778],{"id":141773},"using-startswith-with-start-and-end",[17,141775,127395],{},[17,141777,35732],{},[17,141779,52329],{},[14,141781,1845,141782,587,141784,141786],{},[17,141783,35732],{},[17,141785,52329],{}," arguments let you check part of a string without slicing it yourself.",[30,141788,141789,141794,141799],{},[33,141790,141791,141793],{},[17,141792,35732],{}," lets you begin checking from a later position",[33,141795,141796,141798],{},[17,141797,52329],{}," limits the part of the string being checked",[33,141800,141801],{},"This is useful when working with substrings",[14,141803,2076],{},[60,141805,141807],{"className":62,"code":141806,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"one two three\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"two\", 4))        # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 13))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 12))  # False\n",[17,141808,141809,141821,141825,141854,141887],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,141810,141811,141813,141815,141817,141819],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,141812,34345],{"class":75},[69,141814,80],{"class":79},[69,141816,964],{"class":94},[69,141818,139306],{"class":336},[69,141820,3224],{"class":94},[69,141822,141823],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,141824,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,141826,141827,141829,141831,141833,141835,141837,141839,141841,141843,141845,141847,141849,141851],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,141828,110],{"class":109},[69,141830,113],{"class":83},[69,141832,34366],{"class":121},[69,141834,25],{"class":83},[69,141836,141103],{"class":121},[69,141838,113],{"class":83},[69,141840,333],{"class":94},[69,141842,78943],{"class":336},[69,141844,333],{"class":94},[69,141846,91],{"class":83},[69,141848,2323],{"class":87},[69,141850,125],{"class":83},[69,141852,141853],{"class":128},"        # True\n",[69,141855,141856,141858,141860,141862,141864,141866,141868,141870,141872,141874,141876,141878,141880,141883,141885],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,141857,110],{"class":109},[69,141859,113],{"class":83},[69,141861,34366],{"class":121},[69,141863,25],{"class":83},[69,141865,141103],{"class":121},[69,141867,113],{"class":83},[69,141869,333],{"class":94},[69,141871,133913],{"class":336},[69,141873,333],{"class":94},[69,141875,91],{"class":83},[69,141877,1200],{"class":87},[69,141879,91],{"class":83},[69,141881,141882],{"class":87}," 13",[69,141884,125],{"class":83},[69,141886,129],{"class":128},[69,141888,141889,141891,141893,141895,141897,141899,141901,141903,141905,141907,141909,141911,141913,141915,141917],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,141890,110],{"class":109},[69,141892,113],{"class":83},[69,141894,34366],{"class":121},[69,141896,25],{"class":83},[69,141898,141103],{"class":121},[69,141900,113],{"class":83},[69,141902,333],{"class":94},[69,141904,133913],{"class":336},[69,141906,333],{"class":94},[69,141908,91],{"class":83},[69,141910,1200],{"class":87},[69,141912,91],{"class":83},[69,141914,30598],{"class":87},[69,141916,125],{"class":83},[69,141918,4598],{"class":128},[14,141920,141921,141922,141924],{},"In the last example, the ",[17,141923,52329],{}," position stops too early, so the full prefix cannot match.",[141,141926,141928],{"id":141927},"using-multiple-prefixes","Using multiple prefixes",[14,141930,141931],{},"If more than one prefix is allowed, pass a tuple.",[14,141933,141934,141935,49015],{},"This is cleaner than writing several ",[17,141936,40500],{},[60,141938,141940],{"className":62,"code":141939,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"filename1 = \"img_101.jpg\"\nfilename2 = \"photo_202.jpg\"\nfilename3 = \"doc_303.jpg\"\n\nallowed = (\"img_\", \"photo_\")\n\nprint(filename1.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename2.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename3.startswith(allowed))  # False\n",[17,141941,141942,141956,141970,141984,141988,142012,142016,142037,142058],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,141943,141944,141947,141949,141951,141954],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,141945,141946],{"class":75},"filename1 ",[69,141948,80],{"class":79},[69,141950,964],{"class":94},[69,141952,141953],{"class":336},"img_101.jpg",[69,141955,3224],{"class":94},[69,141957,141958,141961,141963,141965,141968],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,141959,141960],{"class":75},"filename2 ",[69,141962,80],{"class":79},[69,141964,964],{"class":94},[69,141966,141967],{"class":336},"photo_202.jpg",[69,141969,3224],{"class":94},[69,141971,141972,141975,141977,141979,141982],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,141973,141974],{"class":75},"filename3 ",[69,141976,80],{"class":79},[69,141978,964],{"class":94},[69,141980,141981],{"class":336},"doc_303.jpg",[69,141983,3224],{"class":94},[69,141985,141986],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,141987,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,141989,141990,141992,141994,141996,141998,142000,142002,142004,142006,142008,142010],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,141991,127322],{"class":75},[69,141993,80],{"class":79},[69,141995,8872],{"class":83},[69,141997,333],{"class":94},[69,141999,141638],{"class":336},[69,142001,333],{"class":94},[69,142003,91],{"class":83},[69,142005,964],{"class":94},[69,142007,141647],{"class":336},[69,142009,333],{"class":94},[69,142011,221],{"class":83},[69,142013,142014],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,142015,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,142017,142018,142020,142022,142025,142027,142029,142031,142033,142035],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,142019,110],{"class":109},[69,142021,113],{"class":83},[69,142023,142024],{"class":121},"filename1",[69,142026,25],{"class":83},[69,142028,141103],{"class":121},[69,142030,113],{"class":83},[69,142032,127374],{"class":121},[69,142034,125],{"class":83},[69,142036,129],{"class":128},[69,142038,142039,142041,142043,142046,142048,142050,142052,142054,142056],{"class":71,"line":1269},[69,142040,110],{"class":109},[69,142042,113],{"class":83},[69,142044,142045],{"class":121},"filename2",[69,142047,25],{"class":83},[69,142049,141103],{"class":121},[69,142051,113],{"class":83},[69,142053,127374],{"class":121},[69,142055,125],{"class":83},[69,142057,129],{"class":128},[69,142059,142060,142062,142064,142067,142069,142071,142073,142075,142077],{"class":71,"line":1275},[69,142061,110],{"class":109},[69,142063,113],{"class":83},[69,142065,142066],{"class":121},"filename3",[69,142068,25],{"class":83},[69,142070,141103],{"class":121},[69,142072,113],{"class":83},[69,142074,127374],{"class":121},[69,142076,125],{"class":83},[69,142078,4598],{"class":128},[14,142080,142081],{},"This is especially helpful when checking file naming rules.",[14,142083,74444,142084,142088],{},[192,142085,126027,142086,10379],{"href":129621},[17,142087,126085],{}," if you need to check the end of a string instead.",[141,142090,123674],{"id":123673},[14,142092,142093,123485],{},[17,142094,127395],{},[14,142096,127072,142097,587,142100,127079],{},[17,142098,142099],{},"\"Python\"",[17,142101,142102],{},"\"python\"",[60,142104,142106],{"className":62,"code":142105,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"py\"))  # False\n",[17,142107,142108,142120,142124,142148],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,142109,142110,142112,142114,142116,142118],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,142111,34345],{"class":75},[69,142113,80],{"class":79},[69,142115,964],{"class":94},[69,142117,6925],{"class":336},[69,142119,3224],{"class":94},[69,142121,142122],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,142123,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,142125,142126,142128,142130,142132,142134,142136,142138,142140,142142,142144,142146],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,142127,110],{"class":109},[69,142129,113],{"class":83},[69,142131,34366],{"class":121},[69,142133,25],{"class":83},[69,142135,141103],{"class":121},[69,142137,113],{"class":83},[69,142139,333],{"class":94},[69,142141,141214],{"class":336},[69,142143,333],{"class":94},[69,142145,125],{"class":83},[69,142147,129],{"class":128},[69,142149,142150,142152,142154,142156,142158,142160,142162,142164,142166,142168,142170],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,142151,110],{"class":109},[69,142153,113],{"class":83},[69,142155,34366],{"class":121},[69,142157,25],{"class":83},[69,142159,141103],{"class":121},[69,142161,113],{"class":83},[69,142163,333],{"class":94},[69,142165,128473],{"class":336},[69,142167,333],{"class":94},[69,142169,125],{"class":83},[69,142171,4598],{"class":128},[14,142173,127164,142174,25],{},[192,142175,142176],{"href":123754},[17,142177,123757],{},[60,142179,142181],{"className":62,"code":142180,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))  # True\n",[17,142182,142183,142195,142199],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,142184,142185,142187,142189,142191,142193],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,142186,34345],{"class":75},[69,142188,80],{"class":79},[69,142190,964],{"class":94},[69,142192,6925],{"class":336},[69,142194,3224],{"class":94},[69,142196,142197],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,142198,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,142200,142201,142203,142205,142207,142209,142211,142213,142215,142217,142219,142221,142223,142225],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,142202,110],{"class":109},[69,142204,113],{"class":83},[69,142206,34366],{"class":121},[69,142208,25],{"class":83},[69,142210,8274],{"class":121},[69,142212,8271],{"class":83},[69,142214,141103],{"class":121},[69,142216,113],{"class":83},[69,142218,333],{"class":94},[69,142220,128473],{"class":336},[69,142222,333],{"class":94},[69,142224,125],{"class":83},[69,142226,129],{"class":128},[141,142228,4788,142230],{"id":142229},"when-to-use-startswith",[17,142231,127395],{},[14,142233,142234,142236],{},[17,142235,127395],{}," is useful in many real programs.",[14,142238,9010],{},[30,142240,142241,142244,142247,142256],{},[33,142242,142243],{},"Checking filename patterns at the start",[33,142245,142246],{},"Checking user input prefixes such as commands",[33,142248,142249,142250,54,142253],{},"Validating text formats like ",[17,142251,142252],{},"http:\u002F\u002F",[17,142254,142255],{},"https:\u002F\u002F",[33,142257,142258],{},"Making code easier to read than manual slicing",[14,142260,2076],{},[60,142262,142264],{"className":62,"code":142263,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\"\n\nif url.startswith((\"http:\u002F\u002F\", \"https:\u002F\u002F\")):\n    print(\"This looks like a web URL.\")\n",[17,142265,142266,142279,142283,142312],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,142267,142268,142270,142272,142274,142277],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,142269,126890],{"class":75},[69,142271,80],{"class":79},[69,142273,964],{"class":94},[69,142275,142276],{"class":336},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com",[69,142278,3224],{"class":94},[69,142280,142281],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,142282,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,142284,142285,142287,142290,142292,142294,142296,142298,142300,142302,142304,142306,142308,142310],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,142286,6625],{"class":773},[69,142288,142289],{"class":75}," url",[69,142291,25],{"class":83},[69,142293,141103],{"class":121},[69,142295,286],{"class":83},[69,142297,333],{"class":94},[69,142299,142252],{"class":336},[69,142301,333],{"class":94},[69,142303,91],{"class":83},[69,142305,964],{"class":94},[69,142307,142255],{"class":336},[69,142309,333],{"class":94},[69,142311,69235],{"class":83},[69,142313,142314,142316,142318,142320,142323,142325],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,142315,7700],{"class":109},[69,142317,113],{"class":83},[69,142319,333],{"class":94},[69,142321,142322],{"class":336},"This looks like a web URL.",[69,142324,333],{"class":94},[69,142326,221],{"class":83},[141,142328,2698],{"id":2697},[14,142330,22746,142331,25],{},[17,142332,127395],{},[1369,142334,138467],{"id":142335},"using-the-wrong-letter-case",[14,142337,142338,123485],{},[17,142339,127395],{},[60,142341,142343],{"className":62,"code":142342,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"python\"))  # False\n",[17,142344,142345,142357],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,142346,142347,142349,142351,142353,142355],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,142348,34345],{"class":75},[69,142350,80],{"class":79},[69,142352,964],{"class":94},[69,142354,6925],{"class":336},[69,142356,3224],{"class":94},[69,142358,142359,142361,142363,142365,142367,142369,142371,142373,142375,142377,142379],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,142360,110],{"class":109},[69,142362,113],{"class":83},[69,142364,34366],{"class":121},[69,142366,25],{"class":83},[69,142368,141103],{"class":121},[69,142370,113],{"class":83},[69,142372,333],{"class":94},[69,142374,64],{"class":336},[69,142376,333],{"class":94},[69,142378,125],{"class":83},[69,142380,4598],{"class":128},[14,142382,38924],{},[60,142384,142386],{"className":62,"code":142385,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(text.lower().startswith(\"python\"))  # True\n",[17,142387,142388],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,142389,142390,142392,142394,142396,142398,142400,142402,142404,142406,142408,142410,142412,142414],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,142391,110],{"class":109},[69,142393,113],{"class":83},[69,142395,34366],{"class":121},[69,142397,25],{"class":83},[69,142399,8274],{"class":121},[69,142401,8271],{"class":83},[69,142403,141103],{"class":121},[69,142405,113],{"class":83},[69,142407,333],{"class":94},[69,142409,64],{"class":336},[69,142411,333],{"class":94},[69,142413,125],{"class":83},[69,142415,129],{"class":128},[1369,142417,29304,142419,136949],{"id":142418},"calling-startswith-on-a-non-string-value",[17,142420,127395],{},[14,142422,142423],{},"This method works on strings, not numbers or lists.",[60,142425,142427],{"className":62,"code":142426,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = 123\n\n# This will cause an error:\n# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[17,142428,142429,142437,142441,142446],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,142430,142431,142433,142435],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,142432,2313],{"class":75},[69,142434,80],{"class":79},[69,142436,124709],{"class":87},[69,142438,142439],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,142440,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,142442,142443],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,142444,142445],{"class":128},"# This will cause an error:\n",[69,142447,142448],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,142449,142450],{"class":128},"# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[14,142452,38924],{},[60,142454,142456],{"className":62,"code":142455,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = str(123)\nprint(value.startswith(\"1\"))  # True\n",[17,142457,142458,142472],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,142459,142460,142462,142464,142466,142468,142470],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,142461,2313],{"class":75},[69,142463,80],{"class":79},[69,142465,48571],{"class":1126},[69,142467,113],{"class":83},[69,142469,49913],{"class":87},[69,142471,221],{"class":83},[69,142473,142474,142476,142478,142480,142482,142484,142486,142488,142490,142492,142494],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,142475,110],{"class":109},[69,142477,113],{"class":83},[69,142479,2339],{"class":121},[69,142481,25],{"class":83},[69,142483,141103],{"class":121},[69,142485,113],{"class":83},[69,142487,333],{"class":94},[69,142489,473],{"class":336},[69,142491,333],{"class":94},[69,142493,125],{"class":83},[69,142495,129],{"class":128},[1369,142497,36865,142499,8339,142501],{"id":142498},"confusing-startswith-with-in",[17,142500,127395],{},[17,142502,780],{},[14,142504,142505,142507],{},[17,142506,127395],{}," checks only the beginning.",[14,142509,142510,142511,142513,142514,25],{},"If you want to know whether text appears anywhere, use ",[17,142512,780],{}," or methods like ",[192,142515,142516],{"href":124037},[17,142517,124022],{},[60,142519,142521],{"className":62,"code":142520,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))  # False\nprint(\"world\" in text)           # True\n",[17,142522,142523,142535,142539,142563],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,142524,142525,142527,142529,142531,142533],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,142526,34345],{"class":75},[69,142528,80],{"class":79},[69,142530,964],{"class":94},[69,142532,60077],{"class":336},[69,142534,3224],{"class":94},[69,142536,142537],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,142538,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,142540,142541,142543,142545,142547,142549,142551,142553,142555,142557,142559,142561],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,142542,110],{"class":109},[69,142544,113],{"class":83},[69,142546,34366],{"class":121},[69,142548,25],{"class":83},[69,142550,141103],{"class":121},[69,142552,113],{"class":83},[69,142554,333],{"class":94},[69,142556,60262],{"class":336},[69,142558,333],{"class":94},[69,142560,125],{"class":83},[69,142562,4598],{"class":128},[69,142564,142565,142567,142569,142571,142573,142575,142577,142579,142581],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,142566,110],{"class":109},[69,142568,113],{"class":83},[69,142570,333],{"class":94},[69,142572,60262],{"class":336},[69,142574,333],{"class":94},[69,142576,20824],{"class":773},[69,142578,42506],{"class":121},[69,142580,3525],{"class":83},[69,142582,142583],{"class":128},"           # True\n",[14,142585,135501,142586,25],{},[192,142587,127063],{"href":123282},[1369,142589,4530,142591,587,142593,142595],{"id":142590},"forgetting-that-start-and-end-use-index-positions",[17,142592,35732],{},[17,142594,52329],{}," use index positions",[14,142597,142598,142599,25],{},"Python counts string positions starting at ",[17,142600,88],{},[60,142602,142604],{"className":62,"code":142603,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"abcdef\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"cd\", 2))  # True\n",[17,142605,142606,142619,142623],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,142607,142608,142610,142612,142614,142617],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,142609,34345],{"class":75},[69,142611,80],{"class":79},[69,142613,964],{"class":94},[69,142615,142616],{"class":336},"abcdef",[69,142618,3224],{"class":94},[69,142620,142621],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,142622,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,142624,142625,142627,142629,142631,142633,142635,142637,142639,142642,142644,142646,142648,142650],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,142626,110],{"class":109},[69,142628,113],{"class":83},[69,142630,34366],{"class":121},[69,142632,25],{"class":83},[69,142634,141103],{"class":121},[69,142636,113],{"class":83},[69,142638,333],{"class":94},[69,142640,142641],{"class":336},"cd",[69,142643,333],{"class":94},[69,142645,91],{"class":83},[69,142647,316],{"class":87},[69,142649,125],{"class":83},[69,142651,129],{"class":128},[1369,142653,142655],{"id":142654},"passing-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Passing a list instead of a tuple",[14,142657,142658],{},"Multiple prefixes must be given as a tuple, not a list.",[14,142660,16291],{},[60,142662,142664],{"className":62,"code":142663,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"# text.startswith([\"Py\", \"Ja\"])\n",[17,142665,142666],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,142667,142668],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,142669,142663],{"class":128},[14,142671,16303],{},[60,142673,142675],{"className":62,"code":142674,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))  # True\n",[17,142676,142677,142689],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,142678,142679,142681,142683,142685,142687],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,142680,34345],{"class":75},[69,142682,80],{"class":79},[69,142684,964],{"class":94},[69,142686,6925],{"class":336},[69,142688,3224],{"class":94},[69,142690,142691,142693,142695,142697,142699,142701,142703,142705,142707,142709,142711,142713,142716,142718,142720],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,142692,110],{"class":109},[69,142694,113],{"class":83},[69,142696,34366],{"class":121},[69,142698,25],{"class":83},[69,142700,141103],{"class":121},[69,142702,286],{"class":83},[69,142704,333],{"class":94},[69,142706,141214],{"class":336},[69,142708,333],{"class":94},[69,142710,91],{"class":83},[69,142712,964],{"class":94},[69,142714,142715],{"class":336},"Ja",[69,142717,333],{"class":94},[69,142719,50759],{"class":83},[69,142721,129],{"class":128},[14,142723,31738],{},[60,142725,142727],{"className":62,"code":142726,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))\n",[17,142728,142729,142739,142753,142775,142801],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,142730,142731,142733,142735,142737],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,142732,110],{"class":109},[69,142734,113],{"class":83},[69,142736,34366],{"class":121},[69,142738,221],{"class":83},[69,142740,142741,142743,142745,142747,142749,142751],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,142742,110],{"class":109},[69,142744,113],{"class":83},[69,142746,3087],{"class":1126},[69,142748,113],{"class":83},[69,142750,34366],{"class":121},[69,142752,342],{"class":83},[69,142754,142755,142757,142759,142761,142763,142765,142767,142769,142771,142773],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,142756,110],{"class":109},[69,142758,113],{"class":83},[69,142760,34366],{"class":121},[69,142762,25],{"class":83},[69,142764,141103],{"class":121},[69,142766,113],{"class":83},[69,142768,333],{"class":94},[69,142770,141214],{"class":336},[69,142772,333],{"class":94},[69,142774,342],{"class":83},[69,142776,142777,142779,142781,142783,142785,142787,142789,142791,142793,142795,142797,142799],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,142778,110],{"class":109},[69,142780,113],{"class":83},[69,142782,34366],{"class":121},[69,142784,25],{"class":83},[69,142786,8274],{"class":121},[69,142788,8271],{"class":83},[69,142790,141103],{"class":121},[69,142792,113],{"class":83},[69,142794,333],{"class":94},[69,142796,128473],{"class":336},[69,142798,333],{"class":94},[69,142800,342],{"class":83},[69,142802,142803,142805,142807,142809,142811,142813,142815,142817,142819,142821,142823,142825,142827,142829],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,142804,110],{"class":109},[69,142806,113],{"class":83},[69,142808,34366],{"class":121},[69,142810,25],{"class":83},[69,142812,141103],{"class":121},[69,142814,286],{"class":83},[69,142816,333],{"class":94},[69,142818,141214],{"class":336},[69,142820,333],{"class":94},[69,142822,91],{"class":83},[69,142824,964],{"class":94},[69,142826,142715],{"class":336},[69,142828,333],{"class":94},[69,142830,297],{"class":83},[141,142832,1651],{"id":1650},[1369,142834,12347,142836,127873],{"id":142835},"does-startswith-change-the-string",[17,142837,127395],{},[14,142839,142840,142841,54,142843,25],{},"No. It only checks the string and returns ",[17,142842,53],{},[17,142844,57],{},[1369,142846,4996,142848,142850],{"id":142847},"can-startswith-check-more-than-one-prefix",[17,142849,127395],{}," check more than one prefix?",[14,142852,142853],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of strings, such as:",[60,142855,142857],{"className":62,"code":142856,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text.startswith((\"a\", \"b\"))\n",[17,142858,142859],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,142860,142861,142863,142865,142867,142869,142871,142873,142875,142877,142879,142881,142883],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,142862,34366],{"class":75},[69,142864,25],{"class":83},[69,142866,141103],{"class":121},[69,142868,286],{"class":83},[69,142870,333],{"class":94},[69,142872,192],{"class":336},[69,142874,333],{"class":94},[69,142876,91],{"class":83},[69,142878,964],{"class":94},[69,142880,4587],{"class":336},[69,142882,333],{"class":94},[69,142884,342],{"class":83},[1369,142886,14549,142888,124363],{"id":142887},"is-startswith-case-sensitive",[17,142889,127395],{},[14,142891,129556],{},[1369,142893,5006,142895,587,142897,2359],{"id":142894},"what-is-the-difference-between-startswith-and-in",[17,142896,127395],{},[17,142898,780],{},[14,142900,142901,142903,142904,142906],{},[17,142902,127395],{}," checks only the beginning. ",[17,142905,780],{}," checks whether text appears anywhere in the string.",[1369,142908,27982,142910,587,142912,8339,142914,2359],{"id":142909},"can-i-use-start-and-end-with-startswith",[17,142911,35732],{},[17,142913,52329],{},[17,142915,127395],{},[14,142917,142918],{},"Yes. They let you limit which part of the string is checked.",[141,142920,1771],{"id":1770},[30,142922,142923,142929,142935,142941,142945],{},[33,142924,142925],{},[192,142926,126027,142927,10379],{"href":129621},[17,142928,126085],{},[33,142930,142931],{},[192,142932,126027,142933,10379],{"href":124037},[17,142934,124022],{},[33,142936,142937],{},[192,142938,126027,142939,10379],{"href":123754},[17,142940,123757],{},[33,142942,142943],{},[192,142944,124426],{"href":123282},[33,142946,142947],{},[192,142948,124782],{"href":50643},[1802,142950,142951],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":142953},[142954,142956,142957,142963,142964,142966,142967,142968,142970,142980,142992],{"id":141149,"depth":106,"text":142955},"What startswith() does",{"id":2023,"depth":106,"text":2024},{"id":141428,"depth":106,"text":141429,"children":142958},[142959,142960,142961,142962],{"id":141266,"depth":300,"text":141266},{"id":35732,"depth":300,"text":35732},{"id":52329,"depth":300,"text":52329},{"id":141595,"depth":300,"text":141596},{"id":17066,"depth":106,"text":17067},{"id":141773,"depth":106,"text":142965},"Using startswith() with start and end",{"id":141927,"depth":106,"text":141928},{"id":123673,"depth":106,"text":123674},{"id":142229,"depth":106,"text":142969},"When to use startswith()",{"id":2697,"depth":106,"text":2698,"children":142971},[142972,142973,142975,142977,142979],{"id":142335,"depth":300,"text":138467},{"id":142418,"depth":300,"text":142974},"Calling startswith() on a non-string value",{"id":142498,"depth":300,"text":142976},"Confusing startswith() with in",{"id":142590,"depth":300,"text":142978},"Forgetting that start and end use index positions",{"id":142654,"depth":300,"text":142655},{"id":1650,"depth":106,"text":1651,"children":142981},[142982,142984,142986,142988,142990],{"id":142835,"depth":300,"text":142983},"Does startswith() change the string?",{"id":142847,"depth":300,"text":142985},"Can startswith() check more than one prefix?",{"id":142887,"depth":300,"text":142987},"Is startswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":142894,"depth":300,"text":142989},"What is the difference between startswith() and in?",{"id":142909,"depth":300,"text":142991},"Can I use start and end with startswith()?",{"id":1770,"depth":106,"text":1771},"Master python string startswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method",{"title":141049,"description":142993},"reference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method","H88rt3Nz2-D86PhmC2_wUy4Ef0nzvARozFcg9L4vdZs",{"id":143000,"title":143001,"body":143002,"description":144456,"extension":1828,"meta":144457,"navigation":833,"path":144458,"seo":144459,"stem":144460,"__hash__":144461},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method.md","Python String strip() Method",{"type":7,"value":143003,"toc":144426},[143004,143009,143014,143017,143019,143063,143065,143073,143078,143083,143088,143090,143108,143110,143156,143158,143172,143181,143185,143187,143189,143201,143206,143209,143241,143243,143252,143257,143260,143301,143303,143311,143313,143326,143332,143336,143339,143355,143357,143406,143408,143417,143420,143479,143481,143490,143497,143500,143553,143555,143579,143586,143592,143596,143602,143605,143616,143618,143658,143660,143668,143670,143710,143712,143721,143723,143741,143744,143751,143762,143765,143782,143784,143861,143863,143894,143897,143899,143902,143928,143930,143970,143972,143981,143991,143999,144007,144012,144017,144019,144033,144035,144086,144088,144097,144107,144109,144111,144133,144136,144215,144217,144253,144256,144331,144336,144338,144344,144349,144354,144357,144363,144366,144373,144381,144385,144393,144395,144423],[10,143005,123027,143007,10962],{"id":143006},"python-string-strip-method",[17,143008,41317],{},[14,143010,31973,143011,143013],{},[17,143012,41317],{}," method removes characters from the beginning and end of a string.",[14,143015,143016],{},"Beginners usually use it to remove extra whitespace, such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters. This is especially useful when cleaning user input or processing text from a file.",[141,143018,3473],{"id":3472},[60,143020,143022],{"className":62,"code":143021,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"  hello  \"\nclean_text = text.strip()\nprint(clean_text)\n",[17,143023,143024,143037,143052],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,143025,143026,143028,143030,143032,143035],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,143027,34345],{"class":75},[69,143029,80],{"class":79},[69,143031,964],{"class":94},[69,143033,143034],{"class":336},"  hello  ",[69,143036,3224],{"class":94},[69,143038,143039,143042,143044,143046,143048,143050],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,143040,143041],{"class":75},"clean_text ",[69,143043,80],{"class":79},[69,143045,42506],{"class":75},[69,143047,25],{"class":83},[69,143049,8268],{"class":121},[69,143051,8277],{"class":83},[69,143053,143054,143056,143058,143061],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,143055,110],{"class":109},[69,143057,113],{"class":83},[69,143059,143060],{"class":121},"clean_text",[69,143062,221],{"class":83},[14,143064,643],{},[60,143066,143067],{"className":62,"code":138342,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,143068,143069],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,143070,143071],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,143072,138342],{"class":75},[14,143074,132,143075,143077],{},[17,143076,41317],{}," to remove whitespace from both ends of a string. It does not change the original string.",[141,143079,3540,143081,3543],{"id":143080},"what-strip-does",[17,143082,41317],{},[14,143084,143085,143087],{},[17,143086,41317],{}," is a string method that returns a new string.",[14,143089,12696],{},[30,143091,143092,143096,143099,143102,143105],{},[33,143093,143094,131377],{},[17,143095,41317],{},[33,143097,143098],{},"It removes characters from the beginning and end only",[33,143100,143101],{},"By default, it removes whitespace",[33,143103,143104],{},"It does not remove characters from the middle of the string",[33,143106,143107],{},"Strings are immutable, so the original string stays the same",[14,143109,2076],{},[60,143111,143113],{"className":62,"code":143112,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(text)\n",[17,143114,143115,143128,143132,143146],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,143116,143117,143119,143121,143123,143126],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,143118,34345],{"class":75},[69,143120,80],{"class":79},[69,143122,964],{"class":94},[69,143124,143125],{"class":336},"  hello world  ",[69,143127,3224],{"class":94},[69,143129,143130],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,143131,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,143133,143134,143136,143138,143140,143142,143144],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,143135,110],{"class":109},[69,143137,113],{"class":83},[69,143139,34366],{"class":121},[69,143141,25],{"class":83},[69,143143,8268],{"class":121},[69,143145,6822],{"class":83},[69,143147,143148,143150,143152,143154],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,143149,110],{"class":109},[69,143151,113],{"class":83},[69,143153,34366],{"class":121},[69,143155,221],{"class":83},[14,143157,643],{},[60,143159,143161],{"className":62,"code":143160,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"hello world\n  hello world  \n",[17,143162,143163,143167],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,143164,143165],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,143166,134043],{"class":75},[69,143168,143169],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,143170,143171],{"class":75},"  hello world\n",[14,143173,143174,143175,143177,143178,143180],{},"The cleaned version is returned by ",[17,143176,41317],{},", but the original ",[17,143179,34366],{}," value is unchanged.",[14,143182,124779,143183,25],{},[192,143184,124782],{"href":50643},[141,143186,2024],{"id":2023},[14,143188,26140],{},[30,143190,143191,143196],{},[33,143192,143193],{},[17,143194,143195],{},"string.strip()",[33,143197,143198],{},[17,143199,143200],{},"string.strip(chars)",[1369,143202,143204],{"id":143203},"stringstrip",[17,143205,143195],{},[14,143207,143208],{},"This removes whitespace from both ends:",[60,143210,143212],{"className":62,"code":143211,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"name = \"  Alice  \"\nprint(name.strip())\n",[17,143213,143214,143227],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,143215,143216,143218,143220,143222,143225],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,143217,7507],{"class":75},[69,143219,80],{"class":79},[69,143221,964],{"class":94},[69,143223,143224],{"class":336},"  Alice  ",[69,143226,3224],{"class":94},[69,143228,143229,143231,143233,143235,143237,143239],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,143230,110],{"class":109},[69,143232,113],{"class":83},[69,143234,7297],{"class":121},[69,143236,25],{"class":83},[69,143238,8268],{"class":121},[69,143240,6822],{"class":83},[14,143242,643],{},[60,143244,143246],{"className":62,"code":143245,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Alice\n",[17,143247,143248],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,143249,143250],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,143251,143245],{"class":75},[1369,143253,143255],{"id":143254},"stringstripchars",[17,143256,143200],{},[14,143258,143259],{},"This removes any matching characters from both ends:",[60,143261,143263],{"className":62,"code":143262,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"!!hello??\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[17,143264,143265,143278],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,143266,143267,143269,143271,143273,143276],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,143268,34345],{"class":75},[69,143270,80],{"class":79},[69,143272,964],{"class":94},[69,143274,143275],{"class":336},"!!hello??",[69,143277,3224],{"class":94},[69,143279,143280,143282,143284,143286,143288,143290,143292,143294,143297,143299],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,143281,110],{"class":109},[69,143283,113],{"class":83},[69,143285,34366],{"class":121},[69,143287,25],{"class":83},[69,143289,8268],{"class":121},[69,143291,113],{"class":83},[69,143293,333],{"class":94},[69,143295,143296],{"class":336},"!?",[69,143298,333],{"class":94},[69,143300,342],{"class":83},[14,143302,643],{},[60,143304,143305],{"className":62,"code":138342,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,143306,143307],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,143308,143309],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,143310,138342],{"class":75},[14,143312,83493],{},[30,143314,143315,143320],{},[33,143316,143317,143319],{},[17,143318,134286],{}," means a set of characters to remove from both ends",[33,143321,143322,143323,143325],{},"The order of characters in ",[17,143324,134286],{}," does not matter",[141,143327,143329,143330],{"id":143328},"remove-whitespace-with-strip","Remove whitespace with ",[17,143331,41317],{},[14,143333,30540,143334,25],{},[17,143335,41317],{},[14,143337,143338],{},"It is useful for:",[30,143340,143341,143346,143349,143352],{},[33,143342,143343,143344,3724],{},"Cleaning ",[17,143345,2825],{},[33,143347,143348],{},"Cleaning lines read from a file",[33,143350,143351],{},"Removing spaces before checking or comparing text",[33,143353,143354],{},"Removing tabs and newline characters at both ends",[14,143356,48028],{},[60,143358,143360],{"className":62,"code":143359,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"username = \"  sam  \"\nclean_username = username.strip()\n\nprint(clean_username)\n",[17,143361,143362,143375,143391,143395],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,143363,143364,143366,143368,143370,143373],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,143365,7592],{"class":75},[69,143367,80],{"class":79},[69,143369,964],{"class":94},[69,143371,143372],{"class":336},"  sam  ",[69,143374,3224],{"class":94},[69,143376,143377,143380,143382,143385,143387,143389],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,143378,143379],{"class":75},"clean_username ",[69,143381,80],{"class":79},[69,143383,143384],{"class":75}," username",[69,143386,25],{"class":83},[69,143388,8268],{"class":121},[69,143390,8277],{"class":83},[69,143392,143393],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,143394,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,143396,143397,143399,143401,143404],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,143398,110],{"class":109},[69,143400,113],{"class":83},[69,143402,143403],{"class":121},"clean_username",[69,143405,221],{"class":83},[14,143407,643],{},[60,143409,143411],{"className":62,"code":143410,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"sam\n",[17,143412,143413],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,143414,143415],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,143416,143410],{"class":75},[14,143418,143419],{},"This matters when comparing strings:",[60,143421,143423],{"className":62,"code":143422,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"answer = \" yes  \"\n\nif answer.strip() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[17,143424,143425,143438,143442,143464],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,143426,143427,143429,143431,143433,143436],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,143428,136270],{"class":75},[69,143430,80],{"class":79},[69,143432,964],{"class":94},[69,143434,143435],{"class":336}," yes  ",[69,143437,3224],{"class":94},[69,143439,143440],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,143441,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,143443,143444,143446,143448,143450,143452,143454,143456,143458,143460,143462],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,143445,6625],{"class":773},[69,143447,136290],{"class":75},[69,143449,25],{"class":83},[69,143451,8268],{"class":121},[69,143453,6994],{"class":83},[69,143455,1251],{"class":79},[69,143457,964],{"class":94},[69,143459,8292],{"class":336},[69,143461,333],{"class":94},[69,143463,1235],{"class":83},[69,143465,143466,143468,143470,143472,143475,143477],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,143467,7700],{"class":109},[69,143469,113],{"class":83},[69,143471,333],{"class":94},[69,143473,143474],{"class":336},"Matched",[69,143476,333],{"class":94},[69,143478,221],{"class":83},[14,143480,643],{},[60,143482,143484],{"className":62,"code":143483,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Matched\n",[17,143485,143486],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,143487,143488],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,143489,143483],{"class":75},[14,143491,143492,143493,25],{},"If you want a broader guide, see ",[192,143494,143496],{"href":143495},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-whitespace-from-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[14,143498,143499],{},"Example with file-style text:",[60,143501,143503],{"className":62,"code":143502,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"line = \"Python basics\\n\"\nprint(repr(line))\nprint(repr(line.strip()))\n",[17,143504,143505,143521,143535],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,143506,143507,143510,143512,143514,143517,143519],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,143508,143509],{"class":75},"line ",[69,143511,80],{"class":79},[69,143513,964],{"class":94},[69,143515,143516],{"class":336},"Python basics",[69,143518,86825],{"class":34110},[69,143520,3224],{"class":94},[69,143522,143523,143525,143527,143529,143531,143533],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,143524,110],{"class":109},[69,143526,113],{"class":83},[69,143528,41443],{"class":109},[69,143530,113],{"class":83},[69,143532,71],{"class":121},[69,143534,342],{"class":83},[69,143536,143537,143539,143541,143543,143545,143547,143549,143551],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,143538,110],{"class":109},[69,143540,113],{"class":83},[69,143542,41443],{"class":109},[69,143544,113],{"class":83},[69,143546,71],{"class":121},[69,143548,25],{"class":83},[69,143550,8268],{"class":121},[69,143552,1130],{"class":83},[14,143554,643],{},[60,143556,143558],{"className":62,"code":143557,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"'Python basics\\n'\n'Python basics'\n",[17,143559,143560,143571],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,143561,143562,143564,143566,143569],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,143563,488],{"class":42993},[69,143565,143516],{"class":42997},[69,143567,86825],{"class":143568},"sfi6f",[69,143570,29354],{"class":42993},[69,143572,143573,143575,143577],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,143574,488],{"class":42993},[69,143576,143516],{"class":42997},[69,143578,29354],{"class":42993},[14,143580,8050,143581,143583,143584,25],{},[17,143582,122241],{}," helps you see hidden characters like ",[17,143585,86825],{},[14,143587,143588,143589,25],{},"If you are working with files, see ",[192,143590,143591],{"href":87478},"how to read a file line by line in Python",[141,143593,143595],{"id":143594},"remove-specific-characters","Remove specific characters",[14,143597,143598,143599,25],{},"You can pass characters as an argument, such as ",[17,143600,143601],{},"strip(\"!?\")",[14,143603,143604],{},"Python will:",[30,143606,143607,143610,143613],{},[33,143608,143609],{},"Remove any matching character from both ends",[33,143611,143612],{},"Keep removing until it finds a character that is not in the set",[33,143614,143615],{},"Leave the middle of the string unchanged",[14,143617,2076],{},[60,143619,143621],{"className":62,"code":143620,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"??hello!!\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[17,143622,143623,143636],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,143624,143625,143627,143629,143631,143634],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,143626,34345],{"class":75},[69,143628,80],{"class":79},[69,143630,964],{"class":94},[69,143632,143633],{"class":336},"??hello!!",[69,143635,3224],{"class":94},[69,143637,143638,143640,143642,143644,143646,143648,143650,143652,143654,143656],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,143639,110],{"class":109},[69,143641,113],{"class":83},[69,143643,34366],{"class":121},[69,143645,25],{"class":83},[69,143647,8268],{"class":121},[69,143649,113],{"class":83},[69,143651,333],{"class":94},[69,143653,143296],{"class":336},[69,143655,333],{"class":94},[69,143657,342],{"class":83},[14,143659,643],{},[60,143661,143662],{"className":62,"code":138342,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,143663,143664],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,143665,143666],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,143667,138342],{"class":75},[14,143669,51748],{},[60,143671,143673],{"className":62,"code":143672,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"abcHelloCba\"\nprint(text.strip(\"abc\"))\n",[17,143674,143675,143688],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,143676,143677,143679,143681,143683,143686],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,143678,34345],{"class":75},[69,143680,80],{"class":79},[69,143682,964],{"class":94},[69,143684,143685],{"class":336},"abcHelloCba",[69,143687,3224],{"class":94},[69,143689,143690,143692,143694,143696,143698,143700,143702,143704,143706,143708],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,143691,110],{"class":109},[69,143693,113],{"class":83},[69,143695,34366],{"class":121},[69,143697,25],{"class":83},[69,143699,8268],{"class":121},[69,143701,113],{"class":83},[69,143703,333],{"class":94},[69,143705,41224],{"class":336},[69,143707,333],{"class":94},[69,143709,342],{"class":83},[14,143711,643],{},[60,143713,143715],{"className":62,"code":143714,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"HelloC\n",[17,143716,143717],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,143718,143719],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,143720,143714],{"class":75},[14,143722,1073],{},[14,143724,143725,13699,143728,143730,143731,143733,143734,2057,143736,2061,143738,143740],{},[17,143726,143727],{},"strip(\"abc\")",[22,143729,4457],{}," mean “remove the exact text ",[17,143732,41224],{}," once”. It means “remove any ",[17,143735,192],{},[17,143737,4587],{},[17,143739,9376],{}," characters from both ends”.",[14,143742,143743],{},"It also does not remove characters from the middle.",[14,143745,143746,143747,1481],{},"If you need to replace text anywhere in a string, use ",[192,143748,143749],{"href":129608},[17,143750,124198],{},[141,143752,143754,10223,143756,10223,143759],{"id":143753},"strip-vs-lstrip-vs-rstrip",[17,143755,41317],{},[17,143757,143758],{},"lstrip()",[17,143760,143761],{},"rstrip()",[14,143763,143764],{},"These methods are similar, but they remove characters from different sides.",[30,143766,143767,143772,143777],{},[33,143768,143769,143771],{},[17,143770,41317],{}," removes from both ends",[33,143773,143774,143776],{},[17,143775,143758],{}," removes from the left side only",[33,143778,143779,143781],{},[17,143780,143761],{}," removes from the right side only",[14,143783,2076],{},[60,143785,143787],{"className":62,"code":143786,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"  hello  \"\n\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nprint(repr(text.lstrip()))\nprint(repr(text.rstrip()))\n",[17,143788,143789,143801,143805,143823,143842],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,143790,143791,143793,143795,143797,143799],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,143792,34345],{"class":75},[69,143794,80],{"class":79},[69,143796,964],{"class":94},[69,143798,143034],{"class":336},[69,143800,3224],{"class":94},[69,143802,143803],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,143804,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,143806,143807,143809,143811,143813,143815,143817,143819,143821],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,143808,110],{"class":109},[69,143810,113],{"class":83},[69,143812,41443],{"class":109},[69,143814,113],{"class":83},[69,143816,34366],{"class":121},[69,143818,25],{"class":83},[69,143820,8268],{"class":121},[69,143822,1130],{"class":83},[69,143824,143825,143827,143829,143831,143833,143835,143837,143840],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,143826,110],{"class":109},[69,143828,113],{"class":83},[69,143830,41443],{"class":109},[69,143832,113],{"class":83},[69,143834,34366],{"class":121},[69,143836,25],{"class":83},[69,143838,143839],{"class":121},"lstrip",[69,143841,1130],{"class":83},[69,143843,143844,143846,143848,143850,143852,143854,143856,143859],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,143845,110],{"class":109},[69,143847,113],{"class":83},[69,143849,41443],{"class":109},[69,143851,113],{"class":83},[69,143853,34366],{"class":121},[69,143855,25],{"class":83},[69,143857,143858],{"class":121},"rstrip",[69,143860,1130],{"class":83},[14,143862,643],{},[60,143864,143866],{"className":62,"code":143865,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"'hello'\n'hello  '\n'  hello'\n",[17,143867,143868,143876,143885],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,143869,143870,143872,143874],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,143871,488],{"class":42993},[69,143873,337],{"class":42997},[69,143875,29354],{"class":42993},[69,143877,143878,143880,143883],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,143879,488],{"class":42993},[69,143881,143882],{"class":42997},"hello  ",[69,143884,29354],{"class":42993},[69,143886,143887,143889,143892],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,143888,488],{"class":42993},[69,143890,143891],{"class":42997},"  hello",[69,143893,29354],{"class":42993},[14,143895,143896],{},"Choose the method based on which side needs cleaning.",[141,143898,108035],{"id":108034},[14,143900,143901],{},"These points are worth remembering:",[30,143903,143904,143912,143922,143925],{},[33,143905,143906,143908,143909,143911],{},[17,143907,143727],{}," does not remove the exact text ",[17,143910,41193],{}," once",[33,143913,143914,143915,2057,143917,2061,143919,143921],{},"It removes any of the characters ",[17,143916,192],{},[17,143918,4587],{},[17,143920,9376],{}," from both ends",[33,143923,143924],{},"Middle characters are untouched",[33,143926,143927],{},"Save the result to a variable if you want to use the cleaned string",[14,143929,2076],{},[60,143931,143933],{"className":62,"code":143932,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"filename = \"txt_report.txt\"\nprint(filename.strip(\".txt\"))\n",[17,143934,143935,143948],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,143936,143937,143939,143941,143943,143946],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,143938,126110],{"class":75},[69,143940,80],{"class":79},[69,143942,964],{"class":94},[69,143944,143945],{"class":336},"txt_report.txt",[69,143947,3224],{"class":94},[69,143949,143950,143952,143954,143956,143958,143960,143962,143964,143966,143968],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,143951,110],{"class":109},[69,143953,113],{"class":83},[69,143955,126128],{"class":121},[69,143957,25],{"class":83},[69,143959,8268],{"class":121},[69,143961,113],{"class":83},[69,143963,333],{"class":94},[69,143965,126163],{"class":336},[69,143967,333],{"class":94},[69,143969,342],{"class":83},[14,143971,643],{},[60,143973,143975],{"className":62,"code":143974,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"_report\n",[17,143976,143977],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,143978,143979],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,143980,143974],{"class":75},[14,143982,143983,143984,2057,143986,2061,143988,143990],{},"This happens because Python removes any ",[17,143985,25],{},[17,143987,62958],{},[17,143989,2041],{}," characters from both ends.",[14,143992,53322,143993,4610,143996,143998],{},[17,143994,143995],{},"strip(\".txt\")",[22,143997,4457],{}," a safe way to remove a file extension.",[14,144000,144001,144002,144006],{},"If you need to change exact text in a string, ",[192,144003,144004],{"href":129608},[17,144005,124198],{}," is often a better fit for simple cases.",[141,144008,4788,144010],{"id":144009},"when-to-use-strip",[17,144011,41317],{},[14,144013,132,144014,144016],{},[17,144015,41317],{}," when you need to clean text at the edges of a string.",[14,144018,36086],{},[30,144020,144021,144025,144027,144030],{},[33,144022,143343,144023,3724],{},[17,144024,2825],{},[33,144026,143348],{},[33,144028,144029],{},"Removing accidental spaces before validation",[33,144031,144032],{},"Preparing text before comparisons",[14,144034,2076],{},[60,144036,144038],{"className":62,"code":144037,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"email = \"  user@example.com  \"\n\nif email.strip():\n    print(\"Email was entered\")\n",[17,144039,144040,144054,144058,144071],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,144041,144042,144045,144047,144049,144052],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,144043,144044],{"class":75},"email ",[69,144046,80],{"class":79},[69,144048,964],{"class":94},[69,144050,144051],{"class":336},"  user@example.com  ",[69,144053,3224],{"class":94},[69,144055,144056],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,144057,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,144059,144060,144062,144065,144067,144069],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,144061,6625],{"class":773},[69,144063,144064],{"class":75}," email",[69,144066,25],{"class":83},[69,144068,8268],{"class":121},[69,144070,21246],{"class":83},[69,144072,144073,144075,144077,144079,144082,144084],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,144074,7700],{"class":109},[69,144076,113],{"class":83},[69,144078,333],{"class":94},[69,144080,144081],{"class":336},"Email was entered",[69,144083,333],{"class":94},[69,144085,221],{"class":83},[14,144087,643],{},[60,144089,144091],{"className":62,"code":144090,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Email was entered\n",[17,144092,144093],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,144094,144095],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,144096,144090],{"class":75},[14,144098,144099,144100,144102,144103,25],{},"You may also combine ",[17,144101,41317],{}," with other string methods. For example, after removing extra spaces, you might convert text to lowercase with ",[192,144104,144105],{"href":123754},[17,144106,123757],{},[141,144108,2698],{"id":2697},[14,144110,83912],{},[30,144112,144113,144117,144122,144127],{},[33,144114,8086,144115,131247],{},[17,144116,41317],{},[33,144118,8086,144119,144121],{},[17,144120,41317],{}," to remove text from the middle",[33,144123,8050,144124,144126],{},[17,144125,143995],{}," and expecting only the exact file extension to be removed",[33,144128,4530,144129,144132],{},[17,144130,144131],{},"strip(chars)"," removes any matching characters, not a whole substring",[14,144134,144135],{},"Here is a quick debugging example:",[60,144137,144139],{"className":62,"code":144138,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"  hello\\n\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\n",[17,144140,144141,144155,144159,144169,144183,144197],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,144142,144143,144145,144147,144149,144151,144153],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,144144,34345],{"class":75},[69,144146,80],{"class":79},[69,144148,964],{"class":94},[69,144150,143891],{"class":336},[69,144152,86825],{"class":34110},[69,144154,3224],{"class":94},[69,144156,144157],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,144158,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,144160,144161,144163,144165,144167],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,144162,110],{"class":109},[69,144164,113],{"class":83},[69,144166,34366],{"class":121},[69,144168,221],{"class":83},[69,144170,144171,144173,144175,144177,144179,144181],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,144172,110],{"class":109},[69,144174,113],{"class":83},[69,144176,41443],{"class":109},[69,144178,113],{"class":83},[69,144180,34366],{"class":121},[69,144182,342],{"class":83},[69,144184,144185,144187,144189,144191,144193,144195],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,144186,110],{"class":109},[69,144188,113],{"class":83},[69,144190,34366],{"class":121},[69,144192,25],{"class":83},[69,144194,8268],{"class":121},[69,144196,6822],{"class":83},[69,144198,144199,144201,144203,144205,144207,144209,144211,144213],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,144200,110],{"class":109},[69,144202,113],{"class":83},[69,144204,41443],{"class":109},[69,144206,113],{"class":83},[69,144208,34366],{"class":121},[69,144210,25],{"class":83},[69,144212,8268],{"class":121},[69,144214,1130],{"class":83},[14,144216,643],{},[60,144218,144220],{"className":62,"code":144219,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"  hello\n\n'  hello\\n'\nhello\n'hello'\n",[17,144221,144222,144227,144231,144241,144245],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,144223,144224],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,144225,144226],{"class":75},"  hello\n",[69,144228,144229],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,144230,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,144232,144233,144235,144237,144239],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,144234,488],{"class":42993},[69,144236,143891],{"class":42997},[69,144238,86825],{"class":143568},[69,144240,29354],{"class":42993},[69,144242,144243],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,144244,138342],{"class":75},[69,144246,144247,144249,144251],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,144248,488],{"class":42993},[69,144250,337],{"class":42997},[69,144252,29354],{"class":42993},[14,144254,144255],{},"Useful debugging commands:",[60,144257,144259],{"className":62,"code":144258,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nhelp(str.strip)\n",[17,144260,144261,144271,144285,144299,144317],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,144262,144263,144265,144267,144269],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,144264,110],{"class":109},[69,144266,113],{"class":83},[69,144268,34366],{"class":121},[69,144270,221],{"class":83},[69,144272,144273,144275,144277,144279,144281,144283],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,144274,110],{"class":109},[69,144276,113],{"class":83},[69,144278,41443],{"class":109},[69,144280,113],{"class":83},[69,144282,34366],{"class":121},[69,144284,342],{"class":83},[69,144286,144287,144289,144291,144293,144295,144297],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,144288,110],{"class":109},[69,144290,113],{"class":83},[69,144292,34366],{"class":121},[69,144294,25],{"class":83},[69,144296,8268],{"class":121},[69,144298,6822],{"class":83},[69,144300,144301,144303,144305,144307,144309,144311,144313,144315],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,144302,110],{"class":109},[69,144304,113],{"class":83},[69,144306,41443],{"class":109},[69,144308,113],{"class":83},[69,144310,34366],{"class":121},[69,144312,25],{"class":83},[69,144314,8268],{"class":121},[69,144316,1130],{"class":83},[69,144318,144319,144321,144323,144325,144327,144329],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,144320,31808],{"class":109},[69,144322,113],{"class":83},[69,144324,3309],{"class":1126},[69,144326,25],{"class":83},[69,144328,8268],{"class":24402},[69,144330,221],{"class":83},[14,144332,144333,144335],{},[17,144334,122241],{}," is very helpful because it shows hidden whitespace clearly.",[141,144337,1651],{"id":1650},[1369,144339,12347,144341,144343],{"id":144340},"does-strip-remove-spaces-in-the-middle-of-a-string",[17,144342,41317],{}," remove spaces in the middle of a string?",[14,144345,46031,144346,144348],{},[17,144347,41317],{}," only removes characters from the start and end of the string.",[1369,144350,12347,144352,124354],{"id":144351},"does-strip-change-the-original-string",[17,144353,41317],{},[14,144355,144356],{},"No. It returns a new string because Python strings are immutable.",[1369,144358,4969,144360,144362],{"id":144359},"what-does-strip-remove-by-default",[17,144361,41317],{}," remove by default?",[14,144364,144365],{},"It removes whitespace such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters from both ends.",[1369,144367,33862,144369,33865,144371,2359],{"id":144368},"how-is-strip-different-from-replace",[17,144370,41317],{},[17,144372,124198],{},[14,144374,144375,144377,144378,144380],{},[17,144376,41317],{}," removes characters only from the ends. ",[17,144379,124198],{}," can change matching text anywhere in the string.",[1369,144382,144384],{"id":144383},"can-i-remove-only-the-left-or-right-side","Can I remove only the left or right side?",[14,144386,127900,144387,144389,144390,144392],{},[17,144388,143758],{}," for the left side and ",[17,144391,143761],{}," for the right side.",[141,144394,1771],{"id":1770},[30,144396,144397,144403,144409,144414,144419],{},[33,144398,144399],{},[192,144400,126027,144401,10379],{"href":123754},[17,144402,123757],{},[33,144404,144405],{},[192,144406,126027,144407,10379],{"href":129608},[17,144408,124198],{},[33,144410,144411],{},[192,144412,144413],{"href":143495},"How to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[33,144415,144416],{},[192,144417,144418],{"href":87478},"How to read a file line by line in Python",[33,144420,144421],{},[192,144422,124782],{"href":50643},[1802,144424,144425],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.sfi6f{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":144427},[144428,144429,144431,144435,144437,144438,144440,144441,144443,144444,144455],{"id":3472,"depth":106,"text":3473},{"id":143080,"depth":106,"text":144430},"What strip() does",{"id":2023,"depth":106,"text":2024,"children":144432},[144433,144434],{"id":143203,"depth":300,"text":143195},{"id":143254,"depth":300,"text":143200},{"id":143328,"depth":106,"text":144436},"Remove whitespace with strip()",{"id":143594,"depth":106,"text":143595},{"id":143753,"depth":106,"text":144439},"strip() vs lstrip() vs rstrip()",{"id":108034,"depth":106,"text":108035},{"id":144009,"depth":106,"text":144442},"When to use strip()",{"id":2697,"depth":106,"text":2698},{"id":1650,"depth":106,"text":1651,"children":144445},[144446,144448,144450,144452,144454],{"id":144340,"depth":300,"text":144447},"Does strip() remove spaces in the middle of a string?",{"id":144351,"depth":300,"text":144449},"Does strip() change the original string?",{"id":144359,"depth":300,"text":144451},"What does strip() remove by default?",{"id":144368,"depth":300,"text":144453},"How is strip() different from replace()?",{"id":144383,"depth":300,"text":144384},{"id":1770,"depth":106,"text":1771},"Master python string strip method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method",{"title":143001,"description":144456},"reference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method","V33HNckrK0iU0Rb4v9xwAECg55fn4E8r6Jrd6VFtyd0",{"id":144463,"title":144464,"body":144465,"description":145645,"extension":1828,"meta":145646,"navigation":833,"path":145647,"seo":145648,"stem":145649,"__hash__":145650},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method.md","Python String upper() Method",{"type":7,"value":144466,"toc":145615},[144467,144472,144477,144482,144484,144530,144538,144543,144557,144563,144565,144567,144582,144584,144594,144597,144628,144631,144654,144656,144659,144716,144718,144732,144734,144748,144754,144759,144762,144803,144805,144814,144822,144825,144870,144872,144881,144884,144888,144893,144907,144909,144941,144943,144963,144966,144971,144976,144978,144989,144992,145049,145051,145059,145068,145070,145072,145078,145080,145117,145119,145127,145129,145170,145172,145181,145186,145191,145193,145220,145227,145230,145261,145263,145272,145278,145287,145318,145320,145332,145345,145349,145354,145384,145386,145453,145455,145465,145467,145472,145475,145480,145485,145489,145495,145501,145504,145506,145564,145566,145574,145576,145612],[10,144468,123027,144470,10962],{"id":144469},"python-string-upper-method",[17,144471,127905],{},[14,144473,123032,144474,144476],{},[17,144475,127905],{}," method returns a new string with lowercase letters changed to uppercase.",[14,144478,84289,144479,144481],{},[17,144480,127905],{}," does, how to use it, what it returns, and a few common beginner mistakes. It stays focused on the method itself.",[141,144483,1870],{"id":1869},[60,144485,144487],{"className":62,"code":144486,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"Hello World\"\nresult = text.upper()\nprint(result)\n# HELLO WORLD\n",[17,144488,144489,144501,144515,144525],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,144490,144491,144493,144495,144497,144499],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,144492,34345],{"class":75},[69,144494,80],{"class":79},[69,144496,964],{"class":94},[69,144498,128746],{"class":336},[69,144500,3224],{"class":94},[69,144502,144503,144505,144507,144509,144511,144513],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,144504,839],{"class":75},[69,144506,80],{"class":79},[69,144508,42506],{"class":75},[69,144510,25],{"class":83},[69,144512,34135],{"class":121},[69,144514,8277],{"class":83},[69,144516,144517,144519,144521,144523],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,144518,110],{"class":109},[69,144520,113],{"class":83},[69,144522,876],{"class":121},[69,144524,221],{"class":83},[69,144526,144527],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,144528,144529],{"class":128},"# HELLO WORLD\n",[14,144531,144532,144534,144535,144537],{},[17,144533,127905],{}," returns a new string with letters changed to uppercase. It does ",[22,144536,4457],{}," change the original string in place.",[141,144539,3540,144541,3543],{"id":144540},"what-upper-does",[17,144542,127905],{},[30,144544,144545,144550,144553,144555],{},[33,144546,144547,144549],{},[17,144548,127905],{}," returns a copy of a string with lowercase letters converted to uppercase",[33,144551,144552],{},"It works on string values only",[33,144554,133275],{},[33,144556,135993],{},[14,144558,124779,144559,54,144561,25],{},[192,144560,135999],{"href":135998},[192,144562,124782],{"href":50643},[141,144564,2024],{"id":2023},[14,144566,2027],{},[60,144568,144570],{"className":62,"code":144569,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"string.upper()\n",[17,144571,144572],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,144573,144574,144576,144578,144580],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,144575,60845],{"class":75},[69,144577,25],{"class":83},[69,144579,34135],{"class":121},[69,144581,8277],{"class":83},[14,144583,11099],{},[30,144585,144586,144588,144591],{},[33,144587,97200],{},[33,144589,144590],{},"You call it on a string variable or string literal",[33,144592,144593],{},"It returns the uppercase version of the string",[14,144595,144596],{},"Example with a variable:",[60,144598,144600],{"className":62,"code":144599,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"name = \"python\"\nprint(name.upper())\n",[17,144601,144602,144614],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,144603,144604,144606,144608,144610,144612],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,144605,7507],{"class":75},[69,144607,80],{"class":79},[69,144609,964],{"class":94},[69,144611,64],{"class":336},[69,144613,3224],{"class":94},[69,144615,144616,144618,144620,144622,144624,144626],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,144617,110],{"class":109},[69,144619,113],{"class":83},[69,144621,7297],{"class":121},[69,144623,25],{"class":83},[69,144625,34135],{"class":121},[69,144627,6822],{"class":83},[14,144629,144630],{},"Example with a string literal:",[60,144632,144634],{"className":62,"code":144633,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(\"hello\".upper())\n",[17,144635,144636],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,144637,144638,144640,144642,144644,144646,144648,144650,144652],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,144639,110],{"class":109},[69,144641,113],{"class":83},[69,144643,333],{"class":94},[69,144645,337],{"class":336},[69,144647,333],{"class":94},[69,144649,25],{"class":83},[69,144651,34135],{"class":121},[69,144653,6822],{"class":83},[141,144655,11116],{"id":11115},[14,144657,144658],{},"Here is a basic example that converts a lowercase word to uppercase and stores the result in a new variable:",[60,144660,144662],{"className":62,"code":144661,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"word = \"banana\"\nuppercase_word = word.upper()\n\nprint(word)\nprint(uppercase_word)\n",[17,144663,144664,144676,144691,144695,144705],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,144665,144666,144668,144670,144672,144674],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,144667,989],{"class":75},[69,144669,80],{"class":79},[69,144671,964],{"class":94},[69,144673,967],{"class":336},[69,144675,3224],{"class":94},[69,144677,144678,144681,144683,144685,144687,144689],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,144679,144680],{"class":75},"uppercase_word ",[69,144682,80],{"class":79},[69,144684,38043],{"class":75},[69,144686,25],{"class":83},[69,144688,34135],{"class":121},[69,144690,8277],{"class":83},[69,144692,144693],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,144694,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,144696,144697,144699,144701,144703],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,144698,110],{"class":109},[69,144700,113],{"class":83},[69,144702,38053],{"class":121},[69,144704,221],{"class":83},[69,144706,144707,144709,144711,144714],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,144708,110],{"class":109},[69,144710,113],{"class":83},[69,144712,144713],{"class":121},"uppercase_word",[69,144715,221],{"class":83},[14,144717,643],{},[60,144719,144721],{"className":62,"code":144720,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"banana\nBANANA\n",[17,144722,144723,144727],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,144724,144725],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,144726,70078],{"class":75},[69,144728,144729],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,144730,144731],{"class":34110},"BANANA\n",[14,144733,112141],{},[30,144735,144736,144741],{},[33,144737,144738,144740],{},[17,144739,38053],{}," keeps its original value",[33,144742,144743,144745,144746],{},[17,144744,144713],{}," stores the returned value from ",[17,144747,127905],{},[141,144749,144751,144753],{"id":144750},"upper-does-not-change-the-original-string",[17,144752,127905],{}," does not change the original string",[14,144755,136659,144756,144758],{},[22,144757,136662],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change the characters inside a string directly.",[14,144760,144761],{},"So this method:",[60,144763,144765],{"className":62,"code":144764,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"name = \"alice\"\nname.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[17,144766,144767,144779,144789,144793],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,144768,144769,144771,144773,144775,144777],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,144770,7507],{"class":75},[69,144772,80],{"class":79},[69,144774,964],{"class":94},[69,144776,17452],{"class":336},[69,144778,3224],{"class":94},[69,144780,144781,144783,144785,144787],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,144782,7297],{"class":75},[69,144784,25],{"class":83},[69,144786,34135],{"class":121},[69,144788,8277],{"class":83},[69,144790,144791],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,144792,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,144794,144795,144797,144799,144801],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,144796,110],{"class":109},[69,144798,113],{"class":83},[69,144800,7297],{"class":121},[69,144802,221],{"class":83},[14,144804,643],{},[60,144806,144808],{"className":62,"code":144807,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"alice\n",[17,144809,144810],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,144811,144812],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,144813,144807],{"class":75},[14,144815,20628,144816,144818,144819,144821],{},[17,144817,127905],{}," was called, ",[17,144820,7297],{}," did not change because the result was not saved.",[14,144823,144824],{},"If you want to keep the uppercase version, assign it back to the variable:",[60,144826,144828],{"className":62,"code":144827,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"name = \"alice\"\nname = name.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[17,144829,144830,144842,144856,144860],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,144831,144832,144834,144836,144838,144840],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,144833,7507],{"class":75},[69,144835,80],{"class":79},[69,144837,964],{"class":94},[69,144839,17452],{"class":336},[69,144841,3224],{"class":94},[69,144843,144844,144846,144848,144850,144852,144854],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,144845,7507],{"class":75},[69,144847,80],{"class":79},[69,144849,35651],{"class":75},[69,144851,25],{"class":83},[69,144853,34135],{"class":121},[69,144855,8277],{"class":83},[69,144857,144858],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,144859,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,144861,144862,144864,144866,144868],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,144863,110],{"class":109},[69,144865,113],{"class":83},[69,144867,7297],{"class":121},[69,144869,221],{"class":83},[14,144871,643],{},[60,144873,144875],{"className":62,"code":144874,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"ALICE\n",[17,144876,144877],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,144878,144879],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,144880,144874],{"class":34110},[14,144882,144883],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes with string methods.",[141,144885,144887],{"id":144886},"what-happens-to-numbers-spaces-and-symbols","What happens to numbers, spaces, and symbols",[14,144889,144890,144892],{},[17,144891,127905],{}," only changes letters that have uppercase forms.",[30,144894,144895,144898,144901,144904],{},[33,144896,144897],{},"Numbers stay the same",[33,144899,144900],{},"Spaces stay the same",[33,144902,144903],{},"Punctuation stays the same",[33,144905,144906],{},"Only letters are changed",[14,144908,2076],{},[60,144910,144912],{"className":62,"code":144911,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"Room 7, table #3!\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[17,144913,144914,144927],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,144915,144916,144918,144920,144922,144925],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,144917,34345],{"class":75},[69,144919,80],{"class":79},[69,144921,964],{"class":94},[69,144923,144924],{"class":336},"Room 7, table #3!",[69,144926,3224],{"class":94},[69,144928,144929,144931,144933,144935,144937,144939],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,144930,110],{"class":109},[69,144932,113],{"class":83},[69,144934,34366],{"class":121},[69,144936,25],{"class":83},[69,144938,34135],{"class":121},[69,144940,6822],{"class":83},[14,144942,643],{},[60,144944,144946],{"className":62,"code":144945,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"ROOM 7, TABLE #3!\n",[17,144947,144948],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,144949,144950,144953,144955,144957,144960],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,144951,144952],{"class":34110},"ROOM",[69,144954,813],{"class":87},[69,144956,91],{"class":83},[69,144958,144959],{"class":34110}," TABLE",[69,144961,144962],{"class":128}," #3!\n",[14,144964,144965],{},"The letters changed to uppercase, but the number, space, comma, and symbol stayed the same.",[141,144967,4788,144969],{"id":144968},"when-to-use-upper",[17,144970,127905],{},[14,144972,144973,144975],{},[17,144974,127905],{}," is useful when you want to standardize text.",[14,144977,48006],{},[30,144979,144980,144983,144986],{},[33,144981,144982],{},"Standardize user input for comparisons",[33,144984,144985],{},"Format labels or headings",[33,144987,144988],{},"Make text easier to compare in simple cases",[14,144990,144991],{},"Example: simple comparison",[60,144993,144995],{"className":62,"code":144994,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"answer = \"yes\"\n\nif answer.upper() == \"YES\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[17,144996,144997,145009,145013,145035],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,144998,144999,145001,145003,145005,145007],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,145000,136270],{"class":75},[69,145002,80],{"class":79},[69,145004,964],{"class":94},[69,145006,8292],{"class":336},[69,145008,3224],{"class":94},[69,145010,145011],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,145012,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,145014,145015,145017,145019,145021,145023,145025,145027,145029,145031,145033],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,145016,6625],{"class":773},[69,145018,136290],{"class":75},[69,145020,25],{"class":83},[69,145022,34135],{"class":121},[69,145024,6994],{"class":83},[69,145026,1251],{"class":79},[69,145028,964],{"class":94},[69,145030,136277],{"class":336},[69,145032,333],{"class":94},[69,145034,1235],{"class":83},[69,145036,145037,145039,145041,145043,145045,145047],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,145038,7700],{"class":109},[69,145040,113],{"class":83},[69,145042,333],{"class":94},[69,145044,143474],{"class":336},[69,145046,333],{"class":94},[69,145048,221],{"class":83},[14,145050,643],{},[60,145052,145053],{"className":62,"code":143483,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,145054,145055],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,145056,145057],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,145058,143483],{"class":75},[14,145060,145061,145062,2057,145064,2061,145066,25],{},"This can help when users type different letter cases, such as ",[17,145063,8292],{},[17,145065,137063],{},[17,145067,136277],{},[141,145069,2698],{"id":2697},[1369,145071,95561],{"id":95560},[14,145073,7748,145074,145077],{},[17,145075,145076],{},"text.upper()"," to change the original variable automatically.",[14,145079,16291],{},[60,145081,145083],{"className":62,"code":145082,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[17,145084,145085,145097,145107],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,145086,145087,145089,145091,145093,145095],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,145088,34345],{"class":75},[69,145090,80],{"class":79},[69,145092,964],{"class":94},[69,145094,337],{"class":336},[69,145096,3224],{"class":94},[69,145098,145099,145101,145103,145105],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,145100,34366],{"class":75},[69,145102,25],{"class":83},[69,145104,34135],{"class":121},[69,145106,8277],{"class":83},[69,145108,145109,145111,145113,145115],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,145110,110],{"class":109},[69,145112,113],{"class":83},[69,145114,34366],{"class":121},[69,145116,221],{"class":83},[14,145118,643],{},[60,145120,145121],{"className":62,"code":138342,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,145122,145123],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,145124,145125],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,145126,138342],{"class":75},[14,145128,16303],{},[60,145130,145132],{"className":62,"code":145131,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"hello\"\ntext = text.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[17,145133,145134,145146,145160],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,145135,145136,145138,145140,145142,145144],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,145137,34345],{"class":75},[69,145139,80],{"class":79},[69,145141,964],{"class":94},[69,145143,337],{"class":336},[69,145145,3224],{"class":94},[69,145147,145148,145150,145152,145154,145156,145158],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,145149,34345],{"class":75},[69,145151,80],{"class":79},[69,145153,42506],{"class":75},[69,145155,25],{"class":83},[69,145157,34135],{"class":121},[69,145159,8277],{"class":83},[69,145161,145162,145164,145166,145168],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,145163,110],{"class":109},[69,145165,113],{"class":83},[69,145167,34366],{"class":121},[69,145169,221],{"class":83},[14,145171,643],{},[60,145173,145175],{"className":62,"code":145174,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"HELLO\n",[17,145176,145177],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,145178,145179],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,145180,145174],{"class":34110},[1369,145182,18557,145184,136949],{"id":145183},"trying-to-call-upper-on-a-non-string-value",[17,145185,127905],{},[14,145187,145188,145190],{},[17,145189,127905],{}," is a string method. If the value is not a string, it will fail.",[14,145192,2076],{},[60,145194,145196],{"className":62,"code":145195,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"number = 123\nprint(number.upper())\n",[17,145197,145198,145206],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,145199,145200,145202,145204],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,145201,1334],{"class":75},[69,145203,80],{"class":79},[69,145205,124709],{"class":87},[69,145207,145208,145210,145212,145214,145216,145218],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,145209,110],{"class":109},[69,145211,113],{"class":83},[69,145213,2106],{"class":121},[69,145215,25],{"class":83},[69,145217,34135],{"class":121},[69,145219,6822],{"class":83},[14,145221,39316,145222,145224,145225,33257],{},[17,145223,2056],{}," objects do not have an ",[17,145226,127905],{},[14,145228,145229],{},"If needed, convert the value to a string first:",[60,145231,145233],{"className":62,"code":145232,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"number = 123\nprint(str(number).upper())\n",[17,145234,145235,145243],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,145236,145237,145239,145241],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,145238,1334],{"class":75},[69,145240,80],{"class":79},[69,145242,124709],{"class":87},[69,145244,145245,145247,145249,145251,145253,145255,145257,145259],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,145246,110],{"class":109},[69,145248,113],{"class":83},[69,145250,3309],{"class":1126},[69,145252,113],{"class":83},[69,145254,2106],{"class":121},[69,145256,8265],{"class":83},[69,145258,34135],{"class":121},[69,145260,6822],{"class":83},[14,145262,643],{},[60,145264,145266],{"className":62,"code":145265,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"123\n",[17,145267,145268],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,145269,145270],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,145271,145265],{"class":87},[1369,145273,36865,145275,145277],{"id":145274},"confusing-upper-with-title-case",[17,145276,127905],{}," with title case",[14,145279,145280,145282,145283,145286],{},[17,145281,127905],{}," makes ",[22,145284,145285],{},"all letters uppercase",". It does not make every word start with a capital letter.",[60,145288,145290],{"className":62,"code":145289,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[17,145291,145292,145304],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,145293,145294,145296,145298,145300,145302],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,145295,34345],{"class":75},[69,145297,80],{"class":79},[69,145299,964],{"class":94},[69,145301,60077],{"class":336},[69,145303,3224],{"class":94},[69,145305,145306,145308,145310,145312,145314,145316],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,145307,110],{"class":109},[69,145309,113],{"class":83},[69,145311,34366],{"class":121},[69,145313,25],{"class":83},[69,145315,34135],{"class":121},[69,145317,6822],{"class":83},[14,145319,643],{},[60,145321,145323],{"className":62,"code":145322,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"HELLO WORLD\n",[17,145324,145325],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,145326,145327,145329],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,145328,136051],{"class":34110},[69,145330,145331],{"class":34110}," WORLD\n",[14,145333,145334,145335,145339,145340,145344],{},"If your goal is different, another method may fit better. For example, ",[192,145336,145337],{"href":123754},[17,145338,123757],{}," makes text lowercase, and ",[192,145341,145342],{"href":129608},[17,145343,124198],{}," changes parts of a string.",[141,145346,145348],{"id":145347},"related-string-methods","Related string methods",[14,145350,145351,145352,1044],{},"These string methods are often used with ",[17,145353,127905],{},[30,145355,145356,145363,145370,145377],{},[33,145357,145358,145362],{},[192,145359,145360],{"href":123754},[17,145361,123757],{}," for lowercase text",[33,145364,145365,145369],{},[192,145366,145367],{"href":136597},[17,145368,41317],{}," for removing leading and trailing whitespace",[33,145371,145372,145376],{},[192,145373,145374],{"href":129608},[17,145375,124198],{}," for changing parts of a string",[33,145378,145379,587,145381,145383],{},[17,145380,127395],{},[17,145382,126085],{}," for checks",[14,145385,2076],{},[60,145387,145389],{"className":62,"code":145388,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\ncleaned = text.strip()\nloud = cleaned.upper()\n\nprint(loud)\n",[17,145390,145391,145403,145407,145422,145438,145442],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,145392,145393,145395,145397,145399,145401],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,145394,34345],{"class":75},[69,145396,80],{"class":79},[69,145398,964],{"class":94},[69,145400,143125],{"class":336},[69,145402,3224],{"class":94},[69,145404,145405],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,145406,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,145408,145409,145412,145414,145416,145418,145420],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,145410,145411],{"class":75},"cleaned ",[69,145413,80],{"class":79},[69,145415,42506],{"class":75},[69,145417,25],{"class":83},[69,145419,8268],{"class":121},[69,145421,8277],{"class":83},[69,145423,145424,145427,145429,145432,145434,145436],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,145425,145426],{"class":75},"loud ",[69,145428,80],{"class":79},[69,145430,145431],{"class":75}," cleaned",[69,145433,25],{"class":83},[69,145435,34135],{"class":121},[69,145437,8277],{"class":83},[69,145439,145440],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,145441,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,145443,145444,145446,145448,145451],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,145445,110],{"class":109},[69,145447,113],{"class":83},[69,145449,145450],{"class":121},"loud",[69,145452,221],{"class":83},[14,145454,643],{},[60,145456,145457],{"className":62,"code":145322,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,145458,145459],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,145460,145461,145463],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,145462,136051],{"class":34110},[69,145464,145331],{"class":34110},[141,145466,1651],{"id":1650},[1369,145468,12347,145470,124354],{"id":145469},"does-upper-change-the-original-string",[17,145471,127905],{},[14,145473,145474],{},"No. It returns a new uppercase string. Save the result if you want to keep it.",[1369,145476,12347,145478,137331],{"id":145477},"does-upper-take-any-arguments",[17,145479,127905],{},[14,145481,145482,145483,25],{},"No. The method is called with empty parentheses: ",[17,145484,145076],{},[1369,145486,145488],{"id":145487},"what-happens-to-numbers-and-symbols","What happens to numbers and symbols?",[14,145490,145491,145492,145494],{},"They stay the same. ",[17,145493,127905],{}," only changes letters that can be converted to uppercase.",[1369,145496,27982,145498,145500],{"id":145497},"can-i-use-upper-for-case-insensitive-comparison",[17,145499,127905],{}," for case-insensitive comparison?",[14,145502,145503],{},"Yes, for simple cases. Convert both strings before comparing them.",[14,145505,2076],{},[60,145507,145509],{"className":62,"code":145508,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = \"python\"\nb = \"PYTHON\"\n\nprint(a.upper() == b.upper())\n",[17,145510,145511,145523,145536,145540],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,145512,145513,145515,145517,145519,145521],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,145514,2421],{"class":75},[69,145516,80],{"class":79},[69,145518,964],{"class":94},[69,145520,64],{"class":336},[69,145522,3224],{"class":94},[69,145524,145525,145527,145529,145531,145534],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,145526,2449],{"class":75},[69,145528,80],{"class":79},[69,145530,964],{"class":94},[69,145532,145533],{"class":336},"PYTHON",[69,145535,3224],{"class":94},[69,145537,145538],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,145539,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,145541,145542,145544,145546,145548,145550,145552,145554,145556,145558,145560,145562],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,145543,110],{"class":109},[69,145545,113],{"class":83},[69,145547,192],{"class":121},[69,145549,25],{"class":83},[69,145551,34135],{"class":121},[69,145553,6994],{"class":83},[69,145555,1251],{"class":79},[69,145557,2426],{"class":121},[69,145559,25],{"class":83},[69,145561,34135],{"class":121},[69,145563,6822],{"class":83},[14,145565,643],{},[60,145567,145568],{"className":62,"code":355,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,145569,145570],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,145571,145572],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,145573,355],{"class":289},[141,145575,1771],{"id":1770},[30,145577,145578,145582,145588,145594,145600,145604,145608],{},[33,145579,145580],{},[192,145581,124782],{"href":50643},[33,145583,145584],{},[192,145585,126027,145586,10379],{"href":123754},[17,145587,123757],{},[33,145589,145590],{},[192,145591,126027,145592,10379],{"href":136597},[17,145593,41317],{},[33,145595,145596],{},[192,145597,126027,145598,10379],{"href":129608},[17,145599,124198],{},[33,145601,145602],{},[192,145603,90355],{"href":89364},[33,145605,145606],{},[192,145607,124426],{"href":123282},[33,145609,145610],{},[192,145611,137417],{"href":135998},[1802,145613,145614],{},"html 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.sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":145616},[145617,145618,145620,145621,145622,145624,145625,145627,145634,145635,145644],{"id":1869,"depth":106,"text":1870},{"id":144540,"depth":106,"text":145619},"What upper() does",{"id":2023,"depth":106,"text":2024},{"id":11115,"depth":106,"text":11116},{"id":144750,"depth":106,"text":145623},"upper() does not change the original string",{"id":144886,"depth":106,"text":144887},{"id":144968,"depth":106,"text":145626},"When to use upper()",{"id":2697,"depth":106,"text":2698,"children":145628},[145629,145630,145632],{"id":95560,"depth":300,"text":95561},{"id":145183,"depth":300,"text":145631},"Trying to call upper() on a non-string value",{"id":145274,"depth":300,"text":145633},"Confusing upper() with title case",{"id":145347,"depth":106,"text":145348},{"id":1650,"depth":106,"text":1651,"children":145636},[145637,145639,145641,145642],{"id":145469,"depth":300,"text":145638},"Does upper() change the original string?",{"id":145477,"depth":300,"text":145640},"Does upper() take any arguments?",{"id":145487,"depth":300,"text":145488},{"id":145497,"depth":300,"text":145643},"Can I use upper() for case-insensitive comparison?",{"id":1770,"depth":106,"text":1771},"Master python string upper method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method",{"title":144464,"description":145645},"reference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method","CsxUKCdYvLDpit9Dq111nYxjaDPu17cNNaa2kyQ-PpY",{"id":145652,"title":145653,"body":145654,"description":147531,"extension":1828,"meta":147532,"navigation":833,"path":147533,"seo":147534,"stem":147535,"__hash__":147536},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained.md","Python sum() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":145655,"toc":147481},[145656,145662,145669,145675,145677,145733,145738,145743,145748,145751,145770,145773,145775,145799,145817,145828,145830,145833,145886,145888,145896,145898,145916,145921,145924,145981,145983,145992,145995,146015,146018,146024,146029,146031,146074,146076,146084,146087,146128,146130,146139,146145,146151,146178,146180,146188,146193,146197,146209,146252,146254,146262,146267,146273,146278,146282,146284,146327,146330,146377,146379,146388,146395,146399,146402,146448,146453,146457,146459,146502,146505,146513,146515,146520,146522,146524,146543,146546,146558,146560,146579,146581,146589,146593,146595,146646,146649,146724,146726,146734,146737,146741,146743,146790,146793,146864,146866,146874,146880,146882,146957,146961,147040,147042,147050,147056,147062,147067,147072,147121,147125,147196,147199,147204,147215,147218,147229,147239,147241,147246,147271,147276,147357,147359,147384,147386,147391,147394,147400,147409,147415,147418,147424,147430,147437,147440,147442,147478],[10,145657,3441,145659,3444],{"id":145658},"python-sum-function-explained",[17,145660,145661],{},"sum()",[14,145663,8758,145664,145666,145667,24416],{},[17,145665,145661],{}," function adds numbers from an iterable such as a list, tuple, or ",[17,145668,59669],{},[14,145670,145671,145672,145674],{},"It is one of the simplest ways to get a total in Python. Beginners often use it to add all numbers in a list, but it also has an optional ",[17,145673,35732],{}," value and a few important limits.",[141,145676,1870],{"id":1869},[60,145678,145680],{"className":62,"code":145679,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)  # 10\n",[17,145681,145682,145706,145721],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,145683,145684,145686,145688,145690,145692,145694,145696,145698,145700,145702,145704],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,145685,801],{"class":75},[69,145687,80],{"class":79},[69,145689,84],{"class":83},[69,145691,473],{"class":87},[69,145693,91],{"class":83},[69,145695,316],{"class":87},[69,145697,91],{"class":83},[69,145699,516],{"class":87},[69,145701,91],{"class":83},[69,145703,2323],{"class":87},[69,145705,103],{"class":83},[69,145707,145708,145710,145712,145715,145717,145719],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,145709,40846],{"class":75},[69,145711,80],{"class":79},[69,145713,145714],{"class":109}," sum",[69,145716,113],{"class":83},[69,145718,3512],{"class":121},[69,145720,221],{"class":83},[69,145722,145723,145725,145727,145729,145731],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,145724,110],{"class":109},[69,145726,113],{"class":83},[69,145728,40875],{"class":121},[69,145730,3525],{"class":83},[69,145732,26448],{"class":128},[14,145734,132,145735,145737],{},[17,145736,145661],{}," to add numbers from an iterable like a list or tuple.",[141,145739,3540,145741,3543],{"id":145740},"what-sum-does",[17,145742,145661],{},[14,145744,145745,145747],{},[17,145746,145661],{}," adds numeric values from an iterable.",[14,145749,145750],{},"Common beginner uses include:",[30,145752,145753,145756,145759,145764],{},[33,145754,145755],{},"Adding numbers in a list",[33,145757,145758],{},"Adding values in a tuple",[33,145760,145761,145762],{},"Adding numbers from ",[17,145763,35858],{},[33,145765,145766,145767,145769],{},"Counting ",[17,145768,53],{}," values in a list of booleans",[14,145771,145772],{},"It returns the final total as a number.",[141,145774,2024],{"id":2023},[60,145776,145778],{"className":62,"code":145777,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"sum(iterable, start=0)\n",[17,145779,145780],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,145781,145782,145785,145787,145789,145791,145793,145795,145797],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,145783,145784],{"class":109},"sum",[69,145786,113],{"class":83},[69,145788,218],{"class":121},[69,145790,91],{"class":83},[69,145792,35711],{"class":8811},[69,145794,80],{"class":79},[69,145796,88],{"class":87},[69,145798,221],{"class":83},[30,145800,145801,145806,145811],{},[33,145802,145803,145805],{},[17,145804,218],{}," is the group of values to add",[33,145807,145808,145810],{},[17,145809,35732],{}," is an optional value added before the iterable values",[33,145812,145813,145814],{},"Most of the time, beginners only need ",[17,145815,145816],{},"sum(iterable)",[14,145818,145819,145820,145823,145824,25],{},"If you are new to the word ",[145821,145822,218],"em",{},", think of it as a group of values you can loop through, such as a list, tuple, or ",[192,145825,145826,24269],{"href":35855},[17,145827,35858],{},[141,145829,11116],{"id":11115},[14,145831,145832],{},"Here is a basic example with a list of integers:",[60,145834,145836],{"className":62,"code":145835,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [5, 10, 15]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\n\nprint(total)\n",[17,145837,145838,145858,145872,145876],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,145839,145840,145842,145844,145846,145848,145850,145852,145854,145856],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,145841,801],{"class":75},[69,145843,80],{"class":79},[69,145845,84],{"class":83},[69,145847,670],{"class":87},[69,145849,91],{"class":83},[69,145851,826],{"class":87},[69,145853,91],{"class":83},[69,145855,37598],{"class":87},[69,145857,103],{"class":83},[69,145859,145860,145862,145864,145866,145868,145870],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,145861,40846],{"class":75},[69,145863,80],{"class":79},[69,145865,145714],{"class":109},[69,145867,113],{"class":83},[69,145869,3512],{"class":121},[69,145871,221],{"class":83},[69,145873,145874],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,145875,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,145877,145878,145880,145882,145884],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,145879,110],{"class":109},[69,145881,113],{"class":83},[69,145883,40875],{"class":121},[69,145885,221],{"class":83},[14,145887,643],{},[60,145889,145890],{"className":62,"code":69512,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,145891,145892],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,145893,145894],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,145895,69512],{"class":87},[14,145897,11325],{},[30,145899,145900,145905,145911],{},[33,145901,145902,145904],{},[17,145903,3512],{}," contains three integers",[33,145906,145907,145910],{},[17,145908,145909],{},"sum(numbers)"," adds them together",[33,145912,145913,145914],{},"The result is stored in ",[17,145915,40875],{},[141,145917,36273,145919,8066],{"id":145918},"using-the-start-value",[17,145920,35732],{},[14,145922,145923],{},"The second argument lets you begin with an extra value before Python adds the iterable items.",[60,145925,145927],{"className":62,"code":145926,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ntotal = sum(numbers, 10)\n\nprint(total)\n",[17,145928,145929,145949,145967,145971],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,145930,145931,145933,145935,145937,145939,145941,145943,145945,145947],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,145932,801],{"class":75},[69,145934,80],{"class":79},[69,145936,84],{"class":83},[69,145938,473],{"class":87},[69,145940,91],{"class":83},[69,145942,316],{"class":87},[69,145944,91],{"class":83},[69,145946,516],{"class":87},[69,145948,103],{"class":83},[69,145950,145951,145953,145955,145957,145959,145961,145963,145965],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,145952,40846],{"class":75},[69,145954,80],{"class":79},[69,145956,145714],{"class":109},[69,145958,113],{"class":83},[69,145960,3512],{"class":121},[69,145962,91],{"class":83},[69,145964,826],{"class":87},[69,145966,221],{"class":83},[69,145968,145969],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,145970,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,145972,145973,145975,145977,145979],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,145974,110],{"class":109},[69,145976,113],{"class":83},[69,145978,40875],{"class":121},[69,145980,221],{"class":83},[14,145982,643],{},[60,145984,145986],{"className":62,"code":145985,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"16\n",[17,145987,145988],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,145989,145990],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,145991,145985],{"class":87},[14,145993,145994],{},"This works like:",[30,145996,145997,146002,146007,146011],{},[33,145998,145999,146000],{},"Start at ",[17,146001,2197],{},[33,146003,146004,146005],{},"Add ",[17,146006,473],{},[33,146008,146004,146009],{},[17,146010,821],{},[33,146012,146004,146013],{},[17,146014,1929],{},[14,146016,146017],{},"This is useful when you already have a starting total.",[141,146019,3540,146021,146023],{"id":146020},"what-sum-can-work-with",[17,146022,145661],{}," can work with",[14,146025,146026,146028],{},[17,146027,145661],{}," works with numeric values.",[1369,146030,40088],{"id":40087},[60,146032,146034],{"className":62,"code":146033,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"values = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[17,146035,146036,146060],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,146037,146038,146040,146042,146044,146046,146048,146050,146052,146054,146056,146058],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,146039,76],{"class":75},[69,146041,80],{"class":79},[69,146043,84],{"class":83},[69,146045,473],{"class":87},[69,146047,91],{"class":83},[69,146049,316],{"class":87},[69,146051,91],{"class":83},[69,146053,516],{"class":87},[69,146055,91],{"class":83},[69,146057,2323],{"class":87},[69,146059,103],{"class":83},[69,146061,146062,146064,146066,146068,146070,146072],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,146063,110],{"class":109},[69,146065,113],{"class":83},[69,146067,145784],{"class":109},[69,146069,113],{"class":83},[69,146071,122],{"class":121},[69,146073,342],{"class":83},[14,146075,643],{},[60,146077,146078],{"className":62,"code":2243,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,146079,146080],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,146081,146082],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,146083,2243],{"class":87},[1369,146085,146086],{"id":51714},"Floats",[60,146088,146090],{"className":62,"code":146089,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"prices = [2.5, 3.75, 1.25]\nprint(sum(prices))\n",[17,146091,146092,146114],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,146093,146094,146096,146098,146100,146102,146104,146107,146109,146112],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,146095,82720],{"class":75},[69,146097,80],{"class":79},[69,146099,84],{"class":83},[69,146101,40822],{"class":87},[69,146103,91],{"class":83},[69,146105,146106],{"class":87}," 3.75",[69,146108,91],{"class":83},[69,146110,146111],{"class":87}," 1.25",[69,146113,103],{"class":83},[69,146115,146116,146118,146120,146122,146124,146126],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,146117,110],{"class":109},[69,146119,113],{"class":83},[69,146121,145784],{"class":109},[69,146123,113],{"class":83},[69,146125,82756],{"class":121},[69,146127,342],{"class":83},[14,146129,643],{},[60,146131,146133],{"className":62,"code":146132,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"7.5\n",[17,146134,146135],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,146136,146137],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,146138,146132],{"class":87},[14,146140,146141,146142,25],{},"If you need a refresher on numeric types, see ",[192,146143,146144],{"href":2285},"Python numbers explained: int and float",[1369,146146,146148,146149],{"id":146147},"values-from-range","Values from ",[17,146150,35858],{},[60,146152,146154],{"className":62,"code":146153,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(sum(range(1, 6)))\n",[17,146155,146156],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,146157,146158,146160,146162,146164,146166,146168,146170,146172,146174,146176],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,146159,110],{"class":109},[69,146161,113],{"class":83},[69,146163,145784],{"class":109},[69,146165,113],{"class":83},[69,146167,59669],{"class":109},[69,146169,113],{"class":83},[69,146171,473],{"class":87},[69,146173,91],{"class":83},[69,146175,37305],{"class":87},[69,146177,297],{"class":83},[14,146179,643],{},[60,146181,146182],{"className":62,"code":46707,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,146183,146184],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,146185,146186],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,146187,46707],{"class":87},[14,146189,113231,146190,25],{},[17,146191,146192],{},"1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5",[1369,146194,146196],{"id":146195},"boolean-values","Boolean values",[14,146198,146199,146200,146202,146203,587,146205,146202,146207,25],{},"Booleans can also be summed because ",[17,146201,53],{}," acts like ",[17,146204,473],{},[17,146206,57],{},[17,146208,88],{},[60,146210,146212],{"className":62,"code":146211,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"results = [True, False, True, True]\nprint(sum(results))\n",[17,146213,146214,146238],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,146215,146216,146218,146220,146222,146224,146226,146228,146230,146232,146234,146236],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,146217,51634],{"class":75},[69,146219,80],{"class":79},[69,146221,84],{"class":83},[69,146223,53],{"class":289},[69,146225,91],{"class":83},[69,146227,294],{"class":289},[69,146229,91],{"class":83},[69,146231,1461],{"class":289},[69,146233,91],{"class":83},[69,146235,1461],{"class":289},[69,146237,103],{"class":83},[69,146239,146240,146242,146244,146246,146248,146250],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,146241,110],{"class":109},[69,146243,113],{"class":83},[69,146245,145784],{"class":109},[69,146247,113],{"class":83},[69,146249,51687],{"class":121},[69,146251,342],{"class":83},[14,146253,643],{},[60,146255,146256],{"className":62,"code":46283,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,146257,146258],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,146259,146260],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,146261,46283],{"class":87},[14,146263,146264,146265,25],{},"This is a simple way to count how many values are ",[17,146266,53],{},[141,146268,3540,146270,146272],{"id":146269},"what-sum-does-not-work-with",[17,146271,145661],{}," does not work with",[14,146274,146275,146277],{},[17,146276,145661],{}," is for numeric addition. It is not for joining text or combining lists.",[1369,146279,146281],{"id":146280},"it-does-not-join-strings","It does not join strings",[14,146283,2705],{},[60,146285,146287],{"className":62,"code":146286,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(sum(words))\n",[17,146288,146289,146313],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,146290,146291,146293,146295,146297,146299,146301,146303,146305,146307,146309,146311],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,146292,943],{"class":75},[69,146294,80],{"class":79},[69,146296,84],{"class":83},[69,146298,333],{"class":94},[69,146300,337],{"class":336},[69,146302,333],{"class":94},[69,146304,91],{"class":83},[69,146306,964],{"class":94},[69,146308,60262],{"class":336},[69,146310,333],{"class":94},[69,146312,103],{"class":83},[69,146314,146315,146317,146319,146321,146323,146325],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,146316,110],{"class":109},[69,146318,113],{"class":83},[69,146320,145784],{"class":109},[69,146322,113],{"class":83},[69,146324,3947],{"class":121},[69,146326,342],{"class":83},[14,146328,146329],{},"Use string joining instead:",[60,146331,146333],{"className":62,"code":146332,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[17,146334,146335,146359],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,146336,146337,146339,146341,146343,146345,146347,146349,146351,146353,146355,146357],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,146338,943],{"class":75},[69,146340,80],{"class":79},[69,146342,84],{"class":83},[69,146344,333],{"class":94},[69,146346,337],{"class":336},[69,146348,333],{"class":94},[69,146350,91],{"class":83},[69,146352,964],{"class":94},[69,146354,60262],{"class":336},[69,146356,333],{"class":94},[69,146358,103],{"class":83},[69,146360,146361,146363,146365,146367,146369,146371,146373,146375],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,146362,110],{"class":109},[69,146364,113],{"class":83},[69,146366,1111],{"class":94},[69,146368,25],{"class":83},[69,146370,133186],{"class":121},[69,146372,113],{"class":83},[69,146374,3947],{"class":121},[69,146376,342],{"class":83},[14,146378,643],{},[60,146380,146382],{"className":62,"code":146381,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"helloworld\n",[17,146383,146384],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,146385,146386],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,146387,146381],{"class":75},[14,146389,146390,146391,25],{},"If you need to turn values into text first, see ",[192,146392,146393,594],{"href":41839},[17,146394,47350],{},[1369,146396,146398],{"id":146397},"it-does-not-combine-lists","It does not combine lists",[14,146400,146401],{},"This also causes an error:",[60,146403,146405],{"className":62,"code":146404,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"lists = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(sum(lists))\n",[17,146406,146407,146434],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,146408,146409,146412,146414,146416,146418,146420,146422,146424,146426,146428,146430,146432],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,146410,146411],{"class":75},"lists ",[69,146413,80],{"class":79},[69,146415,55963],{"class":83},[69,146417,473],{"class":87},[69,146419,91],{"class":83},[69,146421,316],{"class":87},[69,146423,17711],{"class":83},[69,146425,84],{"class":83},[69,146427,1929],{"class":87},[69,146429,91],{"class":83},[69,146431,2323],{"class":87},[69,146433,52911],{"class":83},[69,146435,146436,146438,146440,146442,146444,146446],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,146437,110],{"class":109},[69,146439,113],{"class":83},[69,146441,145784],{"class":109},[69,146443,113],{"class":83},[69,146445,35],{"class":121},[69,146447,342],{"class":83},[14,146449,146450,146452],{},[17,146451,145661],{}," is not the right tool for combining lists.",[1369,146454,146456],{"id":146455},"it-fails-with-mixed-incompatible-types","It fails with mixed incompatible types",[14,146458,244],{},[60,146460,146462],{"className":62,"code":146461,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"values = [1, 2, \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[17,146463,146464,146488],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,146465,146466,146468,146470,146472,146474,146476,146478,146480,146482,146484,146486],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,146467,76],{"class":75},[69,146469,80],{"class":79},[69,146471,84],{"class":83},[69,146473,473],{"class":87},[69,146475,91],{"class":83},[69,146477,316],{"class":87},[69,146479,91],{"class":83},[69,146481,964],{"class":94},[69,146483,1929],{"class":336},[69,146485,333],{"class":94},[69,146487,103],{"class":83},[69,146489,146490,146492,146494,146496,146498,146500],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,146491,110],{"class":109},[69,146493,113],{"class":83},[69,146495,145784],{"class":109},[69,146497,113],{"class":83},[69,146499,122],{"class":121},[69,146501,342],{"class":83},[14,146503,146504],{},"This fails because Python cannot add integers and strings together.",[14,146506,146507,146508,146510,146511,25],{},"If you have number strings such as ",[17,146509,65617],{},", convert them first. See ",[192,146512,2830],{"href":2829},[141,146514,41168],{"id":41167},[14,146516,146517,146518,25],{},"Here are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[17,146519,145661],{},[1369,146521,1372],{"id":1371},[14,146523,1375],{},[60,146525,146527],{"className":62,"code":146526,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(sum(5))\n",[17,146528,146529],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,146530,146531,146533,146535,146537,146539,146541],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,146532,110],{"class":109},[69,146534,113],{"class":83},[69,146536,145784],{"class":109},[69,146538,113],{"class":83},[69,146540,670],{"class":87},[69,146542,342],{"class":83},[14,146544,146545],{},"Why it fails:",[30,146547,146548,146553],{},[33,146549,146550,146552],{},[17,146551,670],{}," is a single integer",[33,146554,146555,146557],{},[17,146556,145661],{}," expects an iterable, not one number",[14,146559,1403],{},[60,146561,146563],{"className":62,"code":146562,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(sum([5]))\n",[17,146564,146565],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,146566,146567,146569,146571,146573,146575,146577],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,146568,110],{"class":109},[69,146570,113],{"class":83},[69,146572,145784],{"class":109},[69,146574,260],{"class":83},[69,146576,670],{"class":87},[69,146578,275],{"class":83},[14,146580,643],{},[60,146582,146583],{"className":62,"code":2814,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,146584,146585],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,146586,146587],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,146588,2814],{"class":87},[1369,146590,146592],{"id":146591},"trying-to-sum-strings","Trying to sum strings",[14,146594,1375],{},[60,146596,146598],{"className":62,"code":146597,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[17,146599,146600,146632],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,146601,146602,146604,146606,146608,146610,146612,146614,146616,146618,146620,146622,146624,146626,146628,146630],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,146603,76],{"class":75},[69,146605,80],{"class":79},[69,146607,84],{"class":83},[69,146609,333],{"class":94},[69,146611,473],{"class":336},[69,146613,333],{"class":94},[69,146615,91],{"class":83},[69,146617,964],{"class":94},[69,146619,821],{"class":336},[69,146621,333],{"class":94},[69,146623,91],{"class":83},[69,146625,964],{"class":94},[69,146627,1929],{"class":336},[69,146629,333],{"class":94},[69,146631,103],{"class":83},[69,146633,146634,146636,146638,146640,146642,146644],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,146635,110],{"class":109},[69,146637,113],{"class":83},[69,146639,145784],{"class":109},[69,146641,113],{"class":83},[69,146643,122],{"class":121},[69,146645,342],{"class":83},[14,146647,146648],{},"Fix it by converting the strings to integers:",[60,146650,146652],{"className":62,"code":146651,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[17,146653,146654,146686,146714],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,146655,146656,146658,146660,146662,146664,146666,146668,146670,146672,146674,146676,146678,146680,146682,146684],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,146657,76],{"class":75},[69,146659,80],{"class":79},[69,146661,84],{"class":83},[69,146663,333],{"class":94},[69,146665,473],{"class":336},[69,146667,333],{"class":94},[69,146669,91],{"class":83},[69,146671,964],{"class":94},[69,146673,821],{"class":336},[69,146675,333],{"class":94},[69,146677,91],{"class":83},[69,146679,964],{"class":94},[69,146681,1929],{"class":336},[69,146683,333],{"class":94},[69,146685,103],{"class":83},[69,146687,146688,146690,146692,146694,146696,146698,146700,146702,146704,146706,146708,146710,146712],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,146689,40846],{"class":75},[69,146691,80],{"class":79},[69,146693,145714],{"class":109},[69,146695,113],{"class":83},[69,146697,2056],{"class":1126},[69,146699,113],{"class":83},[69,146701,2041],{"class":121},[69,146703,3525],{"class":83},[69,146705,857],{"class":773},[69,146707,860],{"class":121},[69,146709,780],{"class":773},[69,146711,3724],{"class":121},[69,146713,221],{"class":83},[69,146715,146716,146718,146720,146722],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,146717,110],{"class":109},[69,146719,113],{"class":83},[69,146721,40875],{"class":121},[69,146723,221],{"class":83},[14,146725,643],{},[60,146727,146728],{"className":62,"code":2522,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,146729,146730],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,146731,146732],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,146733,2522],{"class":87},[14,146735,146736],{},"This kind of problem is related to TypeError with unsupported operand types.",[1369,146738,146740],{"id":146739},"mixing-numbers-and-strings","Mixing numbers and strings",[14,146742,1375],{},[60,146744,146746],{"className":62,"code":146745,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[17,146747,146748,146776],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,146749,146750,146752,146754,146756,146758,146760,146762,146764,146766,146768,146770,146772,146774],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,146751,76],{"class":75},[69,146753,80],{"class":79},[69,146755,84],{"class":83},[69,146757,473],{"class":87},[69,146759,91],{"class":83},[69,146761,316],{"class":87},[69,146763,91],{"class":83},[69,146765,964],{"class":94},[69,146767,1929],{"class":336},[69,146769,333],{"class":94},[69,146771,91],{"class":83},[69,146773,2323],{"class":87},[69,146775,103],{"class":83},[69,146777,146778,146780,146782,146784,146786,146788],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,146779,110],{"class":109},[69,146781,113],{"class":83},[69,146783,145784],{"class":109},[69,146785,113],{"class":83},[69,146787,122],{"class":121},[69,146789,342],{"class":83},[14,146791,146792],{},"Fix it by making all values numeric:",[60,146794,146796],{"className":62,"code":146795,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[17,146797,146798,146826,146854],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,146799,146800,146802,146804,146806,146808,146810,146812,146814,146816,146818,146820,146822,146824],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,146801,76],{"class":75},[69,146803,80],{"class":79},[69,146805,84],{"class":83},[69,146807,473],{"class":87},[69,146809,91],{"class":83},[69,146811,316],{"class":87},[69,146813,91],{"class":83},[69,146815,964],{"class":94},[69,146817,1929],{"class":336},[69,146819,333],{"class":94},[69,146821,91],{"class":83},[69,146823,2323],{"class":87},[69,146825,103],{"class":83},[69,146827,146828,146830,146832,146834,146836,146838,146840,146842,146844,146846,146848,146850,146852],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,146829,40846],{"class":75},[69,146831,80],{"class":79},[69,146833,145714],{"class":109},[69,146835,113],{"class":83},[69,146837,2056],{"class":1126},[69,146839,113],{"class":83},[69,146841,2041],{"class":121},[69,146843,3525],{"class":83},[69,146845,857],{"class":773},[69,146847,860],{"class":121},[69,146849,780],{"class":773},[69,146851,3724],{"class":121},[69,146853,221],{"class":83},[69,146855,146856,146858,146860,146862],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,146857,110],{"class":109},[69,146859,113],{"class":83},[69,146861,40875],{"class":121},[69,146863,221],{"class":83},[14,146865,643],{},[60,146867,146868],{"className":62,"code":2243,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,146869,146870],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,146871,146872],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,146873,2243],{"class":87},[1369,146875,8050,146877,146879],{"id":146876},"using-sum-to-join-text",[17,146878,145661],{}," to join text",[14,146881,1375],{},[60,146883,146885],{"className":62,"code":146884,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(sum(letters))\n",[17,146886,146887,146943],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,146888,146889,146891,146893,146895,146897,146899,146901,146903,146905,146907,146909,146911,146913,146915,146917,146919,146921,146923,146925,146927,146929,146931,146933,146935,146937,146939,146941],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,146890,35750],{"class":75},[69,146892,80],{"class":79},[69,146894,84],{"class":83},[69,146896,333],{"class":94},[69,146898,133785],{"class":336},[69,146900,333],{"class":94},[69,146902,91],{"class":83},[69,146904,964],{"class":94},[69,146906,11387],{"class":336},[69,146908,333],{"class":94},[69,146910,91],{"class":83},[69,146912,964],{"class":94},[69,146914,62958],{"class":336},[69,146916,333],{"class":94},[69,146918,91],{"class":83},[69,146920,964],{"class":94},[69,146922,60109],{"class":336},[69,146924,333],{"class":94},[69,146926,91],{"class":83},[69,146928,964],{"class":94},[69,146930,60144],{"class":336},[69,146932,333],{"class":94},[69,146934,91],{"class":83},[69,146936,964],{"class":94},[69,146938,75702],{"class":336},[69,146940,333],{"class":94},[69,146942,103],{"class":83},[69,146944,146945,146947,146949,146951,146953,146955],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,146946,110],{"class":109},[69,146948,113],{"class":83},[69,146950,145784],{"class":109},[69,146952,113],{"class":83},[69,146954,35803],{"class":121},[69,146956,342],{"class":83},[14,146958,132,146959,60203],{},[17,146960,133109],{},[60,146962,146964],{"className":62,"code":146963,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(\"\".join(letters))\n",[17,146965,146966,147022],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,146967,146968,146970,146972,146974,146976,146978,146980,146982,146984,146986,146988,146990,146992,146994,146996,146998,147000,147002,147004,147006,147008,147010,147012,147014,147016,147018,147020],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,146969,35750],{"class":75},[69,146971,80],{"class":79},[69,146973,84],{"class":83},[69,146975,333],{"class":94},[69,146977,133785],{"class":336},[69,146979,333],{"class":94},[69,146981,91],{"class":83},[69,146983,964],{"class":94},[69,146985,11387],{"class":336},[69,146987,333],{"class":94},[69,146989,91],{"class":83},[69,146991,964],{"class":94},[69,146993,62958],{"class":336},[69,146995,333],{"class":94},[69,146997,91],{"class":83},[69,146999,964],{"class":94},[69,147001,60109],{"class":336},[69,147003,333],{"class":94},[69,147005,91],{"class":83},[69,147007,964],{"class":94},[69,147009,60144],{"class":336},[69,147011,333],{"class":94},[69,147013,91],{"class":83},[69,147015,964],{"class":94},[69,147017,75702],{"class":336},[69,147019,333],{"class":94},[69,147021,103],{"class":83},[69,147023,147024,147026,147028,147030,147032,147034,147036,147038],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,147025,110],{"class":109},[69,147027,113],{"class":83},[69,147029,1111],{"class":94},[69,147031,25],{"class":83},[69,147033,133186],{"class":121},[69,147035,113],{"class":83},[69,147037,35803],{"class":121},[69,147039,342],{"class":83},[14,147041,643],{},[60,147043,147044],{"className":62,"code":133866,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,147045,147046],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,147047,147048],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,147049,133866],{"class":75},[14,147051,147052,147053,25],{},"If you see string-related errors while building text, you may also want to read ",[192,147054,147055],{"href":134947},"TypeError: sequence item 0 expected str instance",[141,147057,147059,147061],{"id":147058},"sum-vs-manual-loop",[17,147060,145661],{}," vs manual loop",[14,147063,147064,147066],{},[17,147065,145661],{}," is often better when you only need the total.",[1369,147068,8050,147070],{"id":147069},"using-sum",[17,147071,145661],{},[60,147073,147075],{"className":62,"code":147074,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)\n",[17,147076,147077,147097,147111],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,147078,147079,147081,147083,147085,147087,147089,147091,147093,147095],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,147080,801],{"class":75},[69,147082,80],{"class":79},[69,147084,84],{"class":83},[69,147086,808],{"class":87},[69,147088,91],{"class":83},[69,147090,813],{"class":87},[69,147092,91],{"class":83},[69,147094,53805],{"class":87},[69,147096,103],{"class":83},[69,147098,147099,147101,147103,147105,147107,147109],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,147100,40846],{"class":75},[69,147102,80],{"class":79},[69,147104,145714],{"class":109},[69,147106,113],{"class":83},[69,147108,3512],{"class":121},[69,147110,221],{"class":83},[69,147112,147113,147115,147117,147119],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,147114,110],{"class":109},[69,147116,113],{"class":83},[69,147118,40875],{"class":121},[69,147120,221],{"class":83},[1369,147122,147124],{"id":147123},"using-a-manual-loop","Using a manual loop",[60,147126,147128],{"className":62,"code":147127,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = 0\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    total += number\n\nprint(total)\n",[17,147129,147130,147150,147158,147162,147174,147182,147186],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,147131,147132,147134,147136,147138,147140,147142,147144,147146,147148],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,147133,801],{"class":75},[69,147135,80],{"class":79},[69,147137,84],{"class":83},[69,147139,808],{"class":87},[69,147141,91],{"class":83},[69,147143,813],{"class":87},[69,147145,91],{"class":83},[69,147147,53805],{"class":87},[69,147149,103],{"class":83},[69,147151,147152,147154,147156],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,147153,40846],{"class":75},[69,147155,80],{"class":79},[69,147157,38175],{"class":87},[69,147159,147160],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,147161,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,147163,147164,147166,147168,147170,147172],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,147165,774],{"class":773},[69,147167,1228],{"class":75},[69,147169,780],{"class":773},[69,147171,865],{"class":75},[69,147173,1235],{"class":83},[69,147175,147176,147178,147180],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,147177,89779],{"class":75},[69,147179,89782],{"class":79},[69,147181,89785],{"class":75},[69,147183,147184],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,147185,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,147187,147188,147190,147192,147194],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,147189,110],{"class":109},[69,147191,113],{"class":83},[69,147193,40875],{"class":121},[69,147195,221],{"class":83},[14,147197,147198],{},"Both produce the same result.",[14,147200,2355,147201,147203],{},[17,147202,145661],{}," is often better:",[30,147205,147206,147209,147212],{},[33,147207,147208],{},"Shorter code",[33,147210,147211],{},"Easier to read",[33,147213,147214],{},"Clear intent: you want a total",[14,147216,147217],{},"Why a manual loop is sometimes better:",[30,147219,147220,147223,147226],{},[33,147221,147222],{},"You need to skip some values",[33,147224,147225],{},"You need extra checks",[33,147227,147228],{},"You want to change values before adding them",[14,147230,147231,147232,147235,147236,147238],{},"For example, if you only want certain items, you might first ",[192,147233,147234],{"href":39671},"filter a list in Python"," and then use ",[17,147237,145661],{}," on the filtered result.",[141,147240,2698],{"id":2697},[14,147242,147243,147244,1044],{},"These are the most common causes of problems with ",[17,147245,145661],{},[30,147247,147248,147254,147261,147268],{},[33,147249,147250,147251],{},"Passing a number instead of an iterable, such as ",[17,147252,147253],{},"sum(5)",[33,147255,147256,147257,147260],{},"Trying to sum strings like ",[17,147258,147259],{},"['1', '2', '3']"," without converting them",[33,147262,8050,147263,147265,147266],{},[17,147264,145661],{}," to join text instead of using string ",[17,147267,133109],{},[33,147269,147270],{},"Mixing numbers and strings in the same iterable",[14,147272,8510,147273,147275],{},[17,147274,145661],{}," is failing, these quick checks can help:",[60,147277,147279],{"className":62,"code":147278,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(values)\nprint(type(values))\nprint([type(x) for x in values])\nprint(sum([int(x) for x in values]))\n",[17,147280,147281,147291,147305,147329],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,147282,147283,147285,147287,147289],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,147284,110],{"class":109},[69,147286,113],{"class":83},[69,147288,122],{"class":121},[69,147290,221],{"class":83},[69,147292,147293,147295,147297,147299,147301,147303],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,147294,110],{"class":109},[69,147296,113],{"class":83},[69,147298,3087],{"class":1126},[69,147300,113],{"class":83},[69,147302,122],{"class":121},[69,147304,342],{"class":83},[69,147306,147307,147309,147311,147313,147315,147317,147319,147321,147323,147325,147327],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,147308,110],{"class":109},[69,147310,260],{"class":83},[69,147312,3087],{"class":1126},[69,147314,113],{"class":83},[69,147316,2041],{"class":121},[69,147318,3525],{"class":83},[69,147320,857],{"class":773},[69,147322,860],{"class":121},[69,147324,780],{"class":773},[69,147326,3724],{"class":121},[69,147328,3727],{"class":83},[69,147330,147331,147333,147335,147337,147339,147341,147343,147345,147347,147349,147351,147353,147355],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,147332,110],{"class":109},[69,147334,113],{"class":83},[69,147336,145784],{"class":109},[69,147338,260],{"class":83},[69,147340,2056],{"class":1126},[69,147342,113],{"class":83},[69,147344,2041],{"class":121},[69,147346,3525],{"class":83},[69,147348,857],{"class":773},[69,147350,860],{"class":121},[69,147352,780],{"class":773},[69,147354,3724],{"class":121},[69,147356,275],{"class":83},[14,147358,135680],{},[30,147360,147361,147367,147373,147378],{},[33,147362,147363,147366],{},[17,147364,147365],{},"print(values)"," shows the actual data",[33,147368,147369,147372],{},[17,147370,147371],{},"print(type(values))"," shows whether the main object is a list, tuple, or something else",[33,147374,147375,135702],{},[17,147376,147377],{},"print([type(x) for x in values])",[33,147379,147380,147383],{},[17,147381,147382],{},"print(sum([int(x) for x in values]))"," tests whether conversion to integers fixes the problem",[141,147385,1651],{"id":1650},[1369,147387,4969,147389,4972],{"id":147388},"what-does-sum-return-in-python",[17,147390,145661],{},[14,147392,147393],{},"It returns the total of the numeric values in an iterable.",[1369,147395,4996,147397,147399],{"id":147396},"can-sum-add-strings-in-python",[17,147398,145661],{}," add strings in Python?",[14,147401,29925,147402,54,147405,147408],{},[17,147403,147404],{},"''.join(...)",[17,147406,147407],{},"'separator'.join(...)"," for strings.",[1369,147410,4996,147412,147414],{"id":147411},"can-sum-work-with-floats",[17,147413,145661],{}," work with floats?",[14,147416,147417],{},"Yes. It can add both integers and floats.",[1369,147419,147421,147422,2359],{"id":147420},"what-is-the-second-argument-in-sum","What is the second argument in ",[17,147423,145661],{},[14,147425,147426,147427,147429],{},"It is the optional ",[17,147428,35732],{}," value added before the iterable values are summed.",[1369,147431,4984,147433,119065,147435,2359],{"id":147432},"why-does-sum-give-a-typeerror",[17,147434,145661],{},[17,147436,2870],{},[14,147438,147439],{},"Usually because one or more values are not numbers, or because the argument is not an iterable.",[141,147441,1771],{"id":1770},[30,147443,147444,147448,147454,147460,147466,147470,147474],{},[33,147445,147446],{},[192,147447,146144],{"href":2285},[33,147449,147450],{},[192,147451,3441,147452,1780],{"href":35855},[17,147453,35858],{},[33,147455,147456],{},[192,147457,3441,147458,1780],{"href":42022},[17,147459,42025],{},[33,147461,147462],{},[192,147463,3441,147464,1780],{"href":41839},[17,147465,47350],{},[33,147467,147468],{},[192,147469,5045],{"href":39671},[33,147471,147472],{},[192,147473,3391],{"href":2829},[33,147475,147476],{},[192,147477,147055],{"href":134947},[1802,147479,147480],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":147482},[147483,147484,147486,147487,147488,147490,147498,147504,147511,147517,147518,147530],{"id":1869,"depth":106,"text":1870},{"id":145740,"depth":106,"text":147485},"What sum() does",{"id":2023,"depth":106,"text":2024},{"id":11115,"depth":106,"text":11116},{"id":145918,"depth":106,"text":147489},"Using the start value",{"id":146020,"depth":106,"text":147491,"children":147492},"What sum() can work with",[147493,147494,147495,147497],{"id":40087,"depth":300,"text":40088},{"id":51714,"depth":300,"text":146086},{"id":146147,"depth":300,"text":147496},"Values from range()",{"id":146195,"depth":300,"text":146196},{"id":146269,"depth":106,"text":147499,"children":147500},"What sum() does not work with",[147501,147502,147503],{"id":146280,"depth":300,"text":146281},{"id":146397,"depth":300,"text":146398},{"id":146455,"depth":300,"text":146456},{"id":41167,"depth":106,"text":41168,"children":147505},[147506,147507,147508,147509],{"id":1371,"depth":300,"text":1372},{"id":146591,"depth":300,"text":146592},{"id":146739,"depth":300,"text":146740},{"id":146876,"depth":300,"text":147510},"Using sum() to join text",{"id":147058,"depth":106,"text":147512,"children":147513},"sum() vs manual loop",[147514,147516],{"id":147069,"depth":300,"text":147515},"Using sum()",{"id":147123,"depth":300,"text":147124},{"id":2697,"depth":106,"text":2698},{"id":1650,"depth":106,"text":1651,"children":147519},[147520,147522,147524,147526,147528],{"id":147388,"depth":300,"text":147521},"What does sum() return in Python?",{"id":147396,"depth":300,"text":147523},"Can sum() add strings in Python?",{"id":147411,"depth":300,"text":147525},"Can sum() work with floats?",{"id":147420,"depth":300,"text":147527},"What is the second argument in sum()?",{"id":147432,"depth":300,"text":147529},"Why does sum() give a TypeError?",{"id":1770,"depth":106,"text":1771},"Master python sum function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained",{"title":145653,"description":147531},"reference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained","pUBJSfP8YGcV7z25xWzkoWEl0bvqGBoLMBf338R4GWY",{"id":147538,"title":147539,"body":147540,"description":148942,"extension":1828,"meta":148943,"navigation":833,"path":148944,"seo":148945,"stem":148946,"__hash__":148947},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method.md","Python Tuple count() Method",{"type":7,"value":147541,"toc":148910},[147542,147548,147554,147557,147620,147626,147631,147635,147652,147666,147670,147690,147704,147706,147799,147801,147815,147817,147820,147909,147911,147919,147928,147930,147934,147955,147957,148049,148051,148072,148074,148078,148092,148094,148168,148170,148189,148193,148196,148219,148221,148332,148339,148347,148349,148355,148358,148401,148404,148427,148435,148439,148514,148520,148545,148552,148555,148558,148562,148567,148655,148663,148667,148670,148695,148699,148760,148764,148813,148823,148825,148830,148833,148839,148842,148846,148850,148856,148859,148867,148875,148877,148907],[10,147543,147545,147546,10962],{"id":147544},"python-tuple-count-method","Python Tuple ",[17,147547,56960],{},[14,147549,147550,147553],{},[17,147551,147552],{},"tuple.count()"," tells you how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[14,147555,147556],{},"Use it when you want to count matching values in a tuple without changing the tuple itself. This is helpful when checking for duplicates, repeated labels, or whether a value appears more than once.",[60,147558,147560],{"className":62,"code":147559,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3, 2)\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[17,147561,147562,147590,147608],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,147563,147564,147566,147568,147570,147572,147574,147576,147578,147580,147582,147584,147586,147588],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,147565,801],{"class":75},[69,147567,80],{"class":79},[69,147569,8872],{"class":83},[69,147571,473],{"class":87},[69,147573,91],{"class":83},[69,147575,316],{"class":87},[69,147577,91],{"class":83},[69,147579,316],{"class":87},[69,147581,91],{"class":83},[69,147583,516],{"class":87},[69,147585,91],{"class":83},[69,147587,316],{"class":87},[69,147589,221],{"class":83},[69,147591,147592,147594,147596,147598,147600,147602,147604,147606],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,147593,839],{"class":75},[69,147595,80],{"class":79},[69,147597,865],{"class":75},[69,147599,25],{"class":83},[69,147601,40923],{"class":121},[69,147603,113],{"class":83},[69,147605,821],{"class":87},[69,147607,221],{"class":83},[69,147609,147610,147612,147614,147616,147618],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,147611,110],{"class":109},[69,147613,113],{"class":83},[69,147615,876],{"class":121},[69,147617,3525],{"class":83},[69,147619,50438],{"class":128},[14,147621,132,147622,147625],{},[17,147623,147624],{},"tuple.count(value)"," to count how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[141,147627,3540,147629,3543],{"id":147628},"what-tuplecount-does",[17,147630,147552],{},[14,147632,147633,1044],{},[17,147634,147624],{},[30,147636,147637,147643,147646,147649],{},[33,147638,147639,147640,147642],{},"Returns the number of times ",[17,147641,2339],{}," appears in the tuple",[33,147644,147645],{},"Checks the whole tuple",[33,147647,147648],{},"Returns an integer",[33,147650,147651],{},"Does not change the tuple",[14,147653,147654,147655,147657,147658,54,147662,25],{},"Because tuples are read-only, methods like ",[17,147656,56960],{}," only inspect the data. If you are new to tuples, see ",[192,147659,147661],{"href":147660},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained\u002F","Python tuples explained",[192,147663,147665],{"href":147664},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple\u002F","creating a tuple",[141,147667,147669],{"id":147668},"method-syntax","Method syntax",[60,147671,147673],{"className":62,"code":147672,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_tuple.count(value)\n",[17,147674,147675],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,147676,147677,147680,147682,147684,147686,147688],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,147678,147679],{"class":75},"my_tuple",[69,147681,25],{"class":83},[69,147683,40923],{"class":121},[69,147685,113],{"class":83},[69,147687,2339],{"class":121},[69,147689,221],{"class":83},[30,147691,147692,147696,147699],{},[33,147693,147694,57125],{},[17,147695,2339],{},[33,147697,147698],{},"The comparison is based on equality",[33,147700,147701,147702],{},"If the value is not found, the result is ",[17,147703,88],{},[1369,147705,102780],{"id":102779},[60,147707,147709],{"className":62,"code":147708,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\"))  # 0\n",[17,147710,147711,147751,147775],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,147712,147713,147715,147717,147719,147721,147723,147725,147727,147729,147731,147733,147735,147737,147739,147741,147743,147745,147747,147749],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,147714,12720],{"class":75},[69,147716,80],{"class":79},[69,147718,8872],{"class":83},[69,147720,333],{"class":94},[69,147722,12737],{"class":336},[69,147724,333],{"class":94},[69,147726,91],{"class":83},[69,147728,964],{"class":94},[69,147730,12754],{"class":336},[69,147732,333],{"class":94},[69,147734,91],{"class":83},[69,147736,964],{"class":94},[69,147738,12737],{"class":336},[69,147740,333],{"class":94},[69,147742,91],{"class":83},[69,147744,964],{"class":94},[69,147746,17104],{"class":336},[69,147748,333],{"class":94},[69,147750,221],{"class":83},[69,147752,147753,147755,147757,147759,147761,147763,147765,147767,147769,147771,147773],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,147754,110],{"class":109},[69,147756,113],{"class":83},[69,147758,17151],{"class":121},[69,147760,25],{"class":83},[69,147762,40923],{"class":121},[69,147764,113],{"class":83},[69,147766,333],{"class":94},[69,147768,12737],{"class":336},[69,147770,333],{"class":94},[69,147772,125],{"class":83},[69,147774,57315],{"class":128},[69,147776,147777,147779,147781,147783,147785,147787,147789,147791,147793,147795,147797],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,147778,110],{"class":109},[69,147780,113],{"class":83},[69,147782,17151],{"class":121},[69,147784,25],{"class":83},[69,147786,40923],{"class":121},[69,147788,113],{"class":83},[69,147790,333],{"class":94},[69,147792,22175],{"class":336},[69,147794,333],{"class":94},[69,147796,125],{"class":83},[69,147798,50915],{"class":128},[14,147800,19607],{},[30,147802,147803,147808],{},[33,147804,147805,147807],{},[17,147806,65064],{}," appears 2 times",[33,147809,147810,147812,147813],{},[17,147811,109476],{}," does not appear, so the result is ",[17,147814,88],{},[141,147816,11116],{"id":11115},[14,147818,147819],{},"Here is a basic example with repeated values:",[60,147821,147823],{"className":62,"code":147822,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\", \"apple\")\n\nresult = fruits.count(\"apple\")\nprint(result)\n",[17,147824,147825,147873,147877,147899],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,147826,147827,147829,147831,147833,147835,147837,147839,147841,147843,147845,147847,147849,147851,147853,147855,147857,147859,147861,147863,147865,147867,147869,147871],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,147828,35899],{"class":75},[69,147830,80],{"class":79},[69,147832,8872],{"class":83},[69,147834,333],{"class":94},[69,147836,952],{"class":336},[69,147838,333],{"class":94},[69,147840,91],{"class":83},[69,147842,964],{"class":94},[69,147844,967],{"class":336},[69,147846,333],{"class":94},[69,147848,91],{"class":83},[69,147850,964],{"class":94},[69,147852,952],{"class":336},[69,147854,333],{"class":94},[69,147856,91],{"class":83},[69,147858,964],{"class":94},[69,147860,32877],{"class":336},[69,147862,333],{"class":94},[69,147864,91],{"class":83},[69,147866,964],{"class":94},[69,147868,952],{"class":336},[69,147870,333],{"class":94},[69,147872,221],{"class":83},[69,147874,147875],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,147876,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,147878,147879,147881,147883,147885,147887,147889,147891,147893,147895,147897],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,147880,839],{"class":75},[69,147882,80],{"class":79},[69,147884,52520],{"class":75},[69,147886,25],{"class":83},[69,147888,40923],{"class":121},[69,147890,113],{"class":83},[69,147892,333],{"class":94},[69,147894,952],{"class":336},[69,147896,333],{"class":94},[69,147898,221],{"class":83},[69,147900,147901,147903,147905,147907],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,147902,110],{"class":109},[69,147904,113],{"class":83},[69,147906,876],{"class":121},[69,147908,221],{"class":83},[14,147910,643],{},[60,147912,147913],{"className":62,"code":46283,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,147914,147915],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,147916,147917],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,147918,46283],{"class":87},[14,147920,147921,147923,147924,678,147926,25],{},[17,147922,57503],{}," appears 3 times in the tuple, so ",[17,147925,56960],{},[17,147927,1929],{},[141,147929,37682],{"id":37681},[14,147931,57214,147932,128415],{},[17,147933,56960],{},[30,147935,147936,147941,147946,147949],{},[33,147937,11064,147938,147940],{},[17,147939,88],{}," when the value does not exist",[33,147942,11064,147943,147945],{},[17,147944,473],{}," when the value appears once",[33,147947,147948],{},"Returns a larger number when the value appears multiple times",[33,147950,147951,147952,147954],{},"The result can be used in ",[17,147953,6625],{}," statements and other conditions",[14,147956,2076],{},[60,147958,147960],{"className":62,"code":147959,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"answers = (\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\")\n\nif answers.count(\"yes\") > 1:\n    print(\"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\")\n",[17,147961,147962,148003,148007,148034],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,147963,147964,147967,147969,147971,147973,147975,147977,147979,147981,147983,147985,147987,147989,147991,147993,147995,147997,147999,148001],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,147965,147966],{"class":75},"answers ",[69,147968,80],{"class":79},[69,147970,8872],{"class":83},[69,147972,333],{"class":94},[69,147974,8292],{"class":336},[69,147976,333],{"class":94},[69,147978,91],{"class":83},[69,147980,964],{"class":94},[69,147982,8231],{"class":336},[69,147984,333],{"class":94},[69,147986,91],{"class":83},[69,147988,964],{"class":94},[69,147990,8292],{"class":336},[69,147992,333],{"class":94},[69,147994,91],{"class":83},[69,147996,964],{"class":94},[69,147998,8292],{"class":336},[69,148000,333],{"class":94},[69,148002,221],{"class":83},[69,148004,148005],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,148006,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,148008,148009,148011,148014,148016,148018,148020,148022,148024,148026,148028,148030,148032],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,148010,6625],{"class":773},[69,148012,148013],{"class":75}," answers",[69,148015,25],{"class":83},[69,148017,40923],{"class":121},[69,148019,113],{"class":83},[69,148021,333],{"class":94},[69,148023,8292],{"class":336},[69,148025,333],{"class":94},[69,148027,3525],{"class":83},[69,148029,38058],{"class":79},[69,148031,272],{"class":87},[69,148033,1235],{"class":83},[69,148035,148036,148038,148040,148042,148045,148047],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,148037,7700],{"class":109},[69,148039,113],{"class":83},[69,148041,333],{"class":94},[69,148043,148044],{"class":336},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.",[69,148046,333],{"class":94},[69,148048,221],{"class":83},[14,148050,643],{},[60,148052,148054],{"className":62,"code":148053,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\n",[17,148055,148056],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,148057,148058,148061,148063,148065,148067,148070],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,148059,148060],{"class":75},"The answer ",[69,148062,488],{"class":94},[69,148064,8292],{"class":336},[69,148066,488],{"class":94},[69,148068,148069],{"class":75}," appears more than once",[69,148071,122059],{"class":83},[141,148073,40709],{"id":40708},[14,148075,35064,148076,104243],{},[17,148077,147552],{},[30,148079,148080,148083,148086,148089],{},[33,148081,148082],{},"Check whether a value appears in a tuple more than once",[33,148084,148085],{},"Count repeated answers or labels",[33,148087,148088],{},"Verify duplicates in small fixed collections",[33,148090,148091],{},"Make decisions based on how many matches were found",[14,148093,2076],{},[60,148095,148097],{"className":62,"code":148096,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"scores = (10, 20, 10, 30, 10)\n\nif scores.count(10) >= 2:\n    print(\"The score 10 is repeated.\")\n",[17,148098,148099,148127,148131,148153],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,148100,148101,148103,148105,148107,148109,148111,148113,148115,148117,148119,148121,148123,148125],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,148102,4891],{"class":75},[69,148104,80],{"class":79},[69,148106,8872],{"class":83},[69,148108,2197],{"class":87},[69,148110,91],{"class":83},[69,148112,7420],{"class":87},[69,148114,91],{"class":83},[69,148116,826],{"class":87},[69,148118,91],{"class":83},[69,148120,7425],{"class":87},[69,148122,91],{"class":83},[69,148124,826],{"class":87},[69,148126,221],{"class":83},[69,148128,148129],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,148130,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,148132,148133,148135,148137,148139,148141,148143,148145,148147,148149,148151],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,148134,6625],{"class":773},[69,148136,4938],{"class":75},[69,148138,25],{"class":83},[69,148140,40923],{"class":121},[69,148142,113],{"class":83},[69,148144,2197],{"class":87},[69,148146,3525],{"class":83},[69,148148,50956],{"class":79},[69,148150,316],{"class":87},[69,148152,1235],{"class":83},[69,148154,148155,148157,148159,148161,148164,148166],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,148156,7700],{"class":109},[69,148158,113],{"class":83},[69,148160,333],{"class":94},[69,148162,148163],{"class":336},"The score 10 is repeated.",[69,148165,333],{"class":94},[69,148167,221],{"class":83},[14,148169,643],{},[60,148171,148173],{"className":62,"code":148172,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"The score 10 is repeated.\n",[17,148174,148175],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,148176,148177,148180,148182,148184,148187],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,148178,148179],{"class":75},"The score ",[69,148181,2197],{"class":87},[69,148183,7728],{"class":79},[69,148185,148186],{"class":75}," repeated",[69,148188,122059],{"class":83},[141,148190,148192],{"id":148191},"things-beginners-should-know","Things beginners should know",[14,148194,148195],{},"There are a few important details to remember:",[30,148197,148198,148204,148209,148212],{},[33,148199,148200,148201,148203],{},"Tuples are immutable, but ",[17,148202,56960],{}," still works because it only reads data",[33,148205,148206,148208],{},[17,148207,56960],{}," counts exact matches",[33,148210,148211],{},"String matching is case-sensitive",[33,148213,148214,587,148216,148218],{},[17,148215,473],{},[17,148217,41822],{}," compare as equal in Python",[14,148220,2076],{},[60,148222,148224],{"className":62,"code":148223,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"values = (1, 1.0, \"Cat\", \"cat\")\n\nprint(values.count(1))      # 2\nprint(values.count(\"Cat\"))  # 1\nprint(values.count(\"cat\"))  # 1\n",[17,148225,148226,148260,148264,148284,148308],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,148227,148228,148230,148232,148234,148236,148238,148241,148243,148245,148248,148250,148252,148254,148256,148258],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,148229,76],{"class":75},[69,148231,80],{"class":79},[69,148233,8872],{"class":83},[69,148235,473],{"class":87},[69,148237,91],{"class":83},[69,148239,148240],{"class":87}," 1.0",[69,148242,91],{"class":83},[69,148244,964],{"class":94},[69,148246,148247],{"class":336},"Cat",[69,148249,333],{"class":94},[69,148251,91],{"class":83},[69,148253,964],{"class":94},[69,148255,36708],{"class":336},[69,148257,333],{"class":94},[69,148259,221],{"class":83},[69,148261,148262],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,148263,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,148265,148266,148268,148270,148272,148274,148276,148278,148280,148282],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,148267,110],{"class":109},[69,148269,113],{"class":83},[69,148271,122],{"class":121},[69,148273,25],{"class":83},[69,148275,40923],{"class":121},[69,148277,113],{"class":83},[69,148279,473],{"class":87},[69,148281,125],{"class":83},[69,148283,50762],{"class":128},[69,148285,148286,148288,148290,148292,148294,148296,148298,148300,148302,148304,148306],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,148287,110],{"class":109},[69,148289,113],{"class":83},[69,148291,122],{"class":121},[69,148293,25],{"class":83},[69,148295,40923],{"class":121},[69,148297,113],{"class":83},[69,148299,333],{"class":94},[69,148301,148247],{"class":336},[69,148303,333],{"class":94},[69,148305,125],{"class":83},[69,148307,27433],{"class":128},[69,148309,148310,148312,148314,148316,148318,148320,148322,148324,148326,148328,148330],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,148311,110],{"class":109},[69,148313,113],{"class":83},[69,148315,122],{"class":121},[69,148317,25],{"class":83},[69,148319,40923],{"class":121},[69,148321,113],{"class":83},[69,148323,333],{"class":94},[69,148325,36708],{"class":336},[69,148327,333],{"class":94},[69,148329,125],{"class":83},[69,148331,27433],{"class":128},[14,148333,4984,148334,4987,148337,2359],{},[17,148335,148336],{},"values.count(1)",[17,148338,821],{},[14,148340,8420,148341,4610,148344,148346],{},[17,148342,148343],{},"1 == 1.0",[17,148345,53],{},", so both values are counted as matches.",[141,148348,2698],{"id":2697},[1369,148350,8050,148352,148354],{"id":148351},"using-count-without-parentheses",[17,148353,40923],{}," without parentheses",[14,148356,148357],{},"This gives you the method itself, not the result.",[60,148359,148361],{"className":62,"code":148360,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers.count)\n",[17,148362,148363,148387],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,148364,148365,148367,148369,148371,148373,148375,148377,148379,148381,148383,148385],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,148366,801],{"class":75},[69,148368,80],{"class":79},[69,148370,8872],{"class":83},[69,148372,473],{"class":87},[69,148374,91],{"class":83},[69,148376,316],{"class":87},[69,148378,91],{"class":83},[69,148380,316],{"class":87},[69,148382,91],{"class":83},[69,148384,516],{"class":87},[69,148386,221],{"class":83},[69,148388,148389,148391,148393,148395,148397,148399],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,148390,110],{"class":109},[69,148392,113],{"class":83},[69,148394,3512],{"class":121},[69,148396,25],{"class":83},[69,148398,40923],{"class":24402},[69,148400,221],{"class":83},[14,148402,148403],{},"To call the method correctly:",[60,148405,148407],{"className":62,"code":148406,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(numbers.count(2))\n",[17,148408,148409],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,148410,148411,148413,148415,148417,148419,148421,148423,148425],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,148412,110],{"class":109},[69,148414,113],{"class":83},[69,148416,3512],{"class":121},[69,148418,25],{"class":83},[69,148420,40923],{"class":121},[69,148422,113],{"class":83},[69,148424,821],{"class":87},[69,148426,342],{"class":83},[1369,148428,8086,148429,8089,148431,54,148433],{"id":58263},[17,148430,56960],{},[17,148432,53],{},[17,148434,57],{},[14,148436,148437,58274],{},[17,148438,56960],{},[60,148440,148442],{"className":62,"code":148441,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"a\")\nresult = letters.count(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 2\n",[17,148443,148444,148476,148498,148502],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,148445,148446,148448,148450,148452,148454,148456,148458,148460,148462,148464,148466,148468,148470,148472,148474],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,148447,35750],{"class":75},[69,148449,80],{"class":79},[69,148451,8872],{"class":83},[69,148453,333],{"class":94},[69,148455,192],{"class":336},[69,148457,333],{"class":94},[69,148459,91],{"class":83},[69,148461,964],{"class":94},[69,148463,4587],{"class":336},[69,148465,333],{"class":94},[69,148467,91],{"class":83},[69,148469,964],{"class":94},[69,148471,192],{"class":336},[69,148473,333],{"class":94},[69,148475,221],{"class":83},[69,148477,148478,148480,148482,148484,148486,148488,148490,148492,148494,148496],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,148479,839],{"class":75},[69,148481,80],{"class":79},[69,148483,69768],{"class":75},[69,148485,25],{"class":83},[69,148487,40923],{"class":121},[69,148489,113],{"class":83},[69,148491,333],{"class":94},[69,148493,192],{"class":336},[69,148495,333],{"class":94},[69,148497,221],{"class":83},[69,148499,148500],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,148501,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,148503,148504,148506,148508,148510,148512],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,148505,110],{"class":109},[69,148507,113],{"class":83},[69,148509,876],{"class":121},[69,148511,3525],{"class":83},[69,148513,51083],{"class":128},[14,148515,148516,148517,148519],{},"If you only want to check whether a value exists, using ",[17,148518,780],{}," is often simpler:",[60,148521,148523],{"className":62,"code":148522,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(\"a\" in letters)  # True\n",[17,148524,148525],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,148526,148527,148529,148531,148533,148535,148537,148539,148541,148543],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,148528,110],{"class":109},[69,148530,113],{"class":83},[69,148532,333],{"class":94},[69,148534,192],{"class":336},[69,148536,333],{"class":94},[69,148538,20824],{"class":773},[69,148540,69768],{"class":121},[69,148542,3525],{"class":83},[69,148544,129],{"class":128},[1369,148546,36865,148548,8339,148550],{"id":148547},"confusing-tuplecount-with-listcount",[17,148549,147552],{},[17,148551,56965],{},[14,148553,148554],{},"Both methods work in a similar way, but one is for tuples and one is for lists. A tuple cannot be changed, while a list can.",[14,148556,148557],{},"If you need a changeable collection, use a list instead.",[1369,148559,148561],{"id":148560},"expecting-partial-string-matches","Expecting partial string matches",[14,148563,148564,148566],{},[17,148565,56960],{}," looks for exact tuple items, not part of a string.",[60,148568,148570],{"className":62,"code":148569,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = (\"apple\", \"pineapple\", \"apple\")\nprint(words.count(\"app\"))    # 0\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\n",[17,148571,148572,148605,148631],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,148573,148574,148576,148578,148580,148582,148584,148586,148588,148590,148593,148595,148597,148599,148601,148603],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,148575,943],{"class":75},[69,148577,80],{"class":79},[69,148579,8872],{"class":83},[69,148581,333],{"class":94},[69,148583,952],{"class":336},[69,148585,333],{"class":94},[69,148587,91],{"class":83},[69,148589,964],{"class":94},[69,148591,148592],{"class":336},"pineapple",[69,148594,333],{"class":94},[69,148596,91],{"class":83},[69,148598,964],{"class":94},[69,148600,952],{"class":336},[69,148602,333],{"class":94},[69,148604,221],{"class":83},[69,148606,148607,148609,148611,148613,148615,148617,148619,148621,148624,148626,148628],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,148608,110],{"class":109},[69,148610,113],{"class":83},[69,148612,3947],{"class":121},[69,148614,25],{"class":83},[69,148616,40923],{"class":121},[69,148618,113],{"class":83},[69,148620,333],{"class":94},[69,148622,148623],{"class":336},"app",[69,148625,333],{"class":94},[69,148627,125],{"class":83},[69,148629,148630],{"class":128},"    # 0\n",[69,148632,148633,148635,148637,148639,148641,148643,148645,148647,148649,148651,148653],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,148634,110],{"class":109},[69,148636,113],{"class":83},[69,148638,3947],{"class":121},[69,148640,25],{"class":83},[69,148642,40923],{"class":121},[69,148644,113],{"class":83},[69,148646,333],{"class":94},[69,148648,952],{"class":336},[69,148650,333],{"class":94},[69,148652,125],{"class":83},[69,148654,51083],{"class":128},[14,148656,148657,148660,148661,25],{},[17,148658,148659],{},"\"app\""," is not an exact item in the tuple, so the result is ",[17,148662,88],{},[141,148664,148666],{"id":148665},"when-to-use-something-else","When to use something else",[14,148668,148669],{},"Sometimes another tool is a better fit:",[30,148671,148672,148677,148686,148692],{},[33,148673,132,148674,148676],{},[17,148675,780],{}," to check only whether a value exists",[33,148678,132,148679,148685],{},[192,148680,148682,148683],{"href":148681},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method\u002F","tuple ",[17,148684,58638],{}," to find the position of a value",[33,148687,132,148688,148691],{},[17,148689,148690],{},"collections.Counter"," when you want to count many different values",[33,148693,148694],{},"Use a list if you need a changeable collection",[14,148696,45706,148697,1044],{},[17,148698,780],{},[60,148700,148702],{"className":62,"code":148701,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = (4, 7, 9)\n\nprint(7 in numbers)   # True\nprint(5 in numbers)   # False\n",[17,148703,148704,148724,148728,148744],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,148705,148706,148708,148710,148712,148714,148716,148718,148720,148722],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,148707,801],{"class":75},[69,148709,80],{"class":79},[69,148711,8872],{"class":83},[69,148713,808],{"class":87},[69,148715,91],{"class":83},[69,148717,813],{"class":87},[69,148719,91],{"class":83},[69,148721,53805],{"class":87},[69,148723,221],{"class":83},[69,148725,148726],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,148727,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,148729,148730,148732,148734,148736,148738,148740,148742],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,148731,110],{"class":109},[69,148733,113],{"class":83},[69,148735,1892],{"class":87},[69,148737,20824],{"class":773},[69,148739,865],{"class":121},[69,148741,3525],{"class":83},[69,148743,43520],{"class":128},[69,148745,148746,148748,148750,148752,148754,148756,148758],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,148747,110],{"class":109},[69,148749,113],{"class":83},[69,148751,670],{"class":87},[69,148753,20824],{"class":773},[69,148755,865],{"class":121},[69,148757,3525],{"class":83},[69,148759,43537],{"class":128},[14,148761,45706,148762,1044],{},[17,148763,58638],{},[60,148765,148767],{"className":62,"code":148766,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = (4, 7, 9, 7)\nprint(numbers.index(7))  # 1\n",[17,148768,148769,148793],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,148770,148771,148773,148775,148777,148779,148781,148783,148785,148787,148789,148791],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,148772,801],{"class":75},[69,148774,80],{"class":79},[69,148776,8872],{"class":83},[69,148778,808],{"class":87},[69,148780,91],{"class":83},[69,148782,813],{"class":87},[69,148784,91],{"class":83},[69,148786,53805],{"class":87},[69,148788,91],{"class":83},[69,148790,813],{"class":87},[69,148792,221],{"class":83},[69,148794,148795,148797,148799,148801,148803,148805,148807,148809,148811],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,148796,110],{"class":109},[69,148798,113],{"class":83},[69,148800,3512],{"class":121},[69,148802,25],{"class":83},[69,148804,35505],{"class":121},[69,148806,113],{"class":83},[69,148808,1892],{"class":87},[69,148810,125],{"class":83},[69,148812,27433],{"class":128},[14,148814,148815,148817,148818,148820,148822],{},[17,148816,56960],{}," tells you how many times a value appears.",[9483,148819],{},[17,148821,58638],{}," tells you where the first match appears.",[141,148824,1651],{"id":1650},[1369,148826,4969,148828,4972],{"id":148827},"what-does-tuplecount-return-in-python",[17,148829,147552],{},[14,148831,148832],{},"It returns an integer showing how many times the given value appears in the tuple.",[1369,148834,12347,148836,148838],{"id":148835},"does-tuplecount-change-the-tuple",[17,148837,147552],{}," change the tuple?",[14,148840,148841],{},"No. It only reads the tuple and returns a count.",[1369,148843,148845],{"id":148844},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-tuple","What happens if the value is not in the tuple?",[14,148847,11553,148848,25],{},[17,148849,88],{},[1369,148851,4996,148853,148855],{"id":148852},"can-tuplecount-count-strings",[17,148854,147552],{}," count strings?",[14,148857,148858],{},"Yes. It can count strings, numbers, booleans, and other values stored in the tuple.",[1369,148860,5006,148862,587,148864,2359],{"id":148861},"what-is-the-difference-between-tuplecount-and-tupleindex",[17,148863,147552],{},[17,148865,148866],{},"tuple.index()",[14,148868,148869,148871,148872,148874],{},[17,148870,56960],{}," returns how many times a value appears. ",[17,148873,58638],{}," returns the position of the first match.",[141,148876,1771],{"id":1770},[30,148878,148879,148883,148888,148895,148903],{},[33,148880,148881],{},[192,148882,147661],{"href":147660},[33,148884,148885],{},[192,148886,148887],{"href":147664},"Python tuple creating a tuple",[33,148889,148890],{},[192,148891,148892,148893,10379],{"href":148681},"Python tuple ",[17,148894,58638],{},[33,148896,148897],{},[192,148898,148900,148901],{"href":148899},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len\u002F","Python tuple length with ",[17,148902,42025],{},[33,148904,148905],{},[192,148906,58626],{"href":58625},[1802,148908,148909],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":148911},[148912,148914,148917,148918,148919,148920,148921,148929,148930,148941],{"id":147628,"depth":106,"text":148913},"What tuple.count() does",{"id":147668,"depth":106,"text":147669,"children":148915},[148916],{"id":102779,"depth":300,"text":102780},{"id":11115,"depth":106,"text":11116},{"id":37681,"depth":106,"text":37682},{"id":40708,"depth":106,"text":40709},{"id":148191,"depth":106,"text":148192},{"id":2697,"depth":106,"text":2698,"children":148922},[148923,148925,148926,148928],{"id":148351,"depth":300,"text":148924},"Using count without parentheses",{"id":58263,"depth":300,"text":58679},{"id":148547,"depth":300,"text":148927},"Confusing tuple.count() with list.count()",{"id":148560,"depth":300,"text":148561},{"id":148665,"depth":106,"text":148666},{"id":1650,"depth":106,"text":1651,"children":148931},[148932,148934,148936,148937,148939],{"id":148827,"depth":300,"text":148933},"What does tuple.count() return in Python?",{"id":148835,"depth":300,"text":148935},"Does tuple.count() change the tuple?",{"id":148844,"depth":300,"text":148845},{"id":148852,"depth":300,"text":148938},"Can tuple.count() count strings?",{"id":148861,"depth":300,"text":148940},"What is the difference between tuple.count() and tuple.index()?",{"id":1770,"depth":106,"text":1771},"Master python tuple count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method",{"title":147539,"description":148942},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method","kaAqrDbPTszVe1OqbZgoePawtZs2amhp3rmhBeJurOY",{"id":148949,"title":148950,"body":148951,"description":150638,"extension":1828,"meta":150639,"navigation":833,"path":150640,"seo":150641,"stem":150642,"__hash__":150643},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple.md","Python Tuple: Creating a Tuple",{"type":7,"value":148952,"toc":150601},[148953,148956,148959,148968,148970,149100,149102,149163,149169,149171,149191,149195,149198,149201,149236,149238,149259,149262,149301,149303,149328,149335,149339,149342,149379,149381,149404,149407,149410,149422,149428,149432,149435,149441,149482,149484,149507,149510,149551,149553,149580,149582,149599,149601,149618,149621,149625,149628,149630,149664,149666,149713,149717,149756,149760,149763,149820,149822,149863,149869,149875,149880,149882,149919,149921,149941,149943,149976,149978,150011,150014,150018,150051,150053,150078,150081,150083,150097,150104,150106,150109,150113,150116,150151,150154,150189,150193,150196,150235,150238,150277,150281,150283,150313,150316,150323,150325,150357,150360,150392,150395,150426,150428,150445,150449,150452,150516,150518,150522,150529,150533,150536,150540,150543,150547,150550,150555,150561,150563,150598],[10,148954,148950],{"id":148955},"python-tuple-creating-a-tuple",[14,148957,148958],{},"A tuple is a simple way to store multiple values in one object. This page shows how to create tuples in Python, including empty tuples, one-item tuples, and tuples made from other iterable values.",[14,148960,148961,148962,54,148966,25],{},"The focus here is only on tuple creation syntax. If you want a general introduction, see ",[192,148963,148965],{"href":148964},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python\u002F","what is a tuple in Python",[192,148967,147661],{"href":147660},[141,148969,1870],{"id":1869},[60,148971,148973],{"className":62,"code":148972,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nempty = ()\none_item = (5,)\nfrom_list = tuple([\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"])\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(empty)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(from_list)\n",[17,148974,148975,148995,149004,149018,149054,149058,149068,149078,149089],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,148976,148977,148979,148981,148983,148985,148987,148989,148991,148993],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,148978,801],{"class":75},[69,148980,80],{"class":79},[69,148982,8872],{"class":83},[69,148984,473],{"class":87},[69,148986,91],{"class":83},[69,148988,316],{"class":87},[69,148990,91],{"class":83},[69,148992,516],{"class":87},[69,148994,221],{"class":83},[69,148996,148997,148999,149001],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,148998,124525],{"class":75},[69,149000,80],{"class":79},[69,149002,149003],{"class":83}," ()\n",[69,149005,149006,149009,149011,149013,149015],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,149007,149008],{"class":75},"one_item ",[69,149010,80],{"class":79},[69,149012,8872],{"class":83},[69,149014,670],{"class":87},[69,149016,149017],{"class":83},",)\n",[69,149019,149020,149023,149025,149028,149030,149032,149034,149036,149038,149040,149042,149044,149046,149048,149050,149052],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,149021,149022],{"class":75},"from_list ",[69,149024,80],{"class":79},[69,149026,149027],{"class":1126}," tuple",[69,149029,260],{"class":83},[69,149031,333],{"class":94},[69,149033,192],{"class":336},[69,149035,333],{"class":94},[69,149037,91],{"class":83},[69,149039,964],{"class":94},[69,149041,4587],{"class":336},[69,149043,333],{"class":94},[69,149045,91],{"class":83},[69,149047,964],{"class":94},[69,149049,9376],{"class":336},[69,149051,333],{"class":94},[69,149053,3727],{"class":83},[69,149055,149056],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,149057,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,149059,149060,149062,149064,149066],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,149061,110],{"class":109},[69,149063,113],{"class":83},[69,149065,3512],{"class":121},[69,149067,221],{"class":83},[69,149069,149070,149072,149074,149076],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,149071,110],{"class":109},[69,149073,113],{"class":83},[69,149075,124576],{"class":121},[69,149077,221],{"class":83},[69,149079,149080,149082,149084,149087],{"class":71,"line":1269},[69,149081,110],{"class":109},[69,149083,113],{"class":83},[69,149085,149086],{"class":121},"one_item",[69,149088,221],{"class":83},[69,149090,149091,149093,149095,149098],{"class":71,"line":1275},[69,149092,110],{"class":109},[69,149094,113],{"class":83},[69,149096,149097],{"class":121},"from_list",[69,149099,221],{"class":83},[14,149101,643],{},[60,149103,149105],{"className":62,"code":149104,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"(1, 2, 3)\n()\n(5,)\n('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[17,149106,149107,149123,149127,149135],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,149108,149109,149111,149113,149115,149117,149119,149121],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,149110,113],{"class":83},[69,149112,473],{"class":87},[69,149114,91],{"class":83},[69,149116,316],{"class":87},[69,149118,91],{"class":83},[69,149120,516],{"class":87},[69,149122,221],{"class":83},[69,149124,149125],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,149126,8277],{"class":83},[69,149128,149129,149131,149133],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,149130,113],{"class":83},[69,149132,670],{"class":87},[69,149134,149017],{"class":83},[69,149136,149137,149139,149141,149143,149145,149147,149149,149151,149153,149155,149157,149159,149161],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,149138,113],{"class":83},[69,149140,488],{"class":94},[69,149142,192],{"class":336},[69,149144,488],{"class":94},[69,149146,91],{"class":83},[69,149148,3161],{"class":94},[69,149150,4587],{"class":336},[69,149152,488],{"class":94},[69,149154,91],{"class":83},[69,149156,3161],{"class":94},[69,149158,9376],{"class":336},[69,149160,488],{"class":94},[69,149162,221],{"class":83},[14,149164,149165,149166,25],{},"Use parentheses for most tuples. For one item, add a trailing comma: ",[17,149167,149168],{},"(5,)",[141,149170,14809],{"id":14808},[30,149172,149173,149176,149179,149182,149185,149188],{},[33,149174,149175],{},"What a tuple is at a basic level",[33,149177,149178],{},"How to create tuples with literal syntax",[33,149180,149181],{},"How to create an empty tuple",[33,149183,149184],{},"How to create a tuple with one item",[33,149186,149187],{},"How to create a tuple from a list, string, or other iterable",[33,149189,149190],{},"When tuple creation is useful",[141,149192,149194],{"id":149193},"basic-tuple-creation","Basic tuple creation",[14,149196,149197],{},"A tuple is an ordered collection of values.",[14,149199,149200],{},"Tuples are usually written with parentheses, and items are separated by commas.",[60,149202,149204],{"className":62,"code":149203,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,149205,149206,149226],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,149207,149208,149210,149212,149214,149216,149218,149220,149222,149224],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,149209,801],{"class":75},[69,149211,80],{"class":79},[69,149213,8872],{"class":83},[69,149215,473],{"class":87},[69,149217,91],{"class":83},[69,149219,316],{"class":87},[69,149221,91],{"class":83},[69,149223,516],{"class":87},[69,149225,221],{"class":83},[69,149227,149228,149230,149232,149234],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,149229,110],{"class":109},[69,149231,113],{"class":83},[69,149233,3512],{"class":121},[69,149235,221],{"class":83},[14,149237,643],{},[60,149239,149241],{"className":62,"code":149240,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"(1, 2, 3)\n",[17,149242,149243],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,149244,149245,149247,149249,149251,149253,149255,149257],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,149246,113],{"class":83},[69,149248,473],{"class":87},[69,149250,91],{"class":83},[69,149252,316],{"class":87},[69,149254,91],{"class":83},[69,149256,516],{"class":87},[69,149258,221],{"class":83},[14,149260,149261],{},"A tuple can also store different data types:",[60,149263,149265],{"className":62,"code":149264,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(data)\n",[17,149266,149267,149291],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,149268,149269,149271,149273,149275,149277,149279,149281,149283,149285,149287,149289],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,149270,8801],{"class":75},[69,149272,80],{"class":79},[69,149274,8872],{"class":83},[69,149276,473],{"class":87},[69,149278,91],{"class":83},[69,149280,964],{"class":94},[69,149282,952],{"class":336},[69,149284,333],{"class":94},[69,149286,91],{"class":83},[69,149288,1461],{"class":289},[69,149290,221],{"class":83},[69,149292,149293,149295,149297,149299],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,149294,110],{"class":109},[69,149296,113],{"class":83},[69,149298,8840],{"class":121},[69,149300,221],{"class":83},[14,149302,643],{},[60,149304,149306],{"className":62,"code":149305,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"(1, 'apple', True)\n",[17,149307,149308],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,149309,149310,149312,149314,149316,149318,149320,149322,149324,149326],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,149311,113],{"class":83},[69,149313,473],{"class":87},[69,149315,91],{"class":83},[69,149317,3161],{"class":94},[69,149319,952],{"class":336},[69,149321,488],{"class":94},[69,149323,91],{"class":83},[69,149325,1461],{"class":289},[69,149327,221],{"class":83},[14,149329,149330,149331,25],{},"If you later want to get values out of a tuple by position, see ",[192,149332,149334],{"href":149333},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained\u002F","Python tuple indexing explained",[141,149336,149338],{"id":149337},"create-an-empty-tuple","Create an empty tuple",[14,149340,149341],{},"Use empty parentheses to create an empty tuple:",[60,149343,149345],{"className":62,"code":149344,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"empty = ()\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[17,149346,149347,149355,149365],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,149348,149349,149351,149353],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,149350,124525],{"class":75},[69,149352,80],{"class":79},[69,149354,149003],{"class":83},[69,149356,149357,149359,149361,149363],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,149358,110],{"class":109},[69,149360,113],{"class":83},[69,149362,124576],{"class":121},[69,149364,221],{"class":83},[69,149366,149367,149369,149371,149373,149375,149377],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,149368,110],{"class":109},[69,149370,113],{"class":83},[69,149372,3087],{"class":1126},[69,149374,113],{"class":83},[69,149376,124576],{"class":121},[69,149378,342],{"class":83},[14,149380,643],{},[60,149382,149384],{"className":62,"code":149383,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"()\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[17,149385,149386,149390],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,149387,149388],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,149389,8277],{"class":83},[69,149391,149392,149394,149396,149398,149400,149402],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,149393,852],{"class":79},[69,149395,3158],{"class":1932},[69,149397,3161],{"class":94},[69,149399,48620],{"class":336},[69,149401,488],{"class":94},[69,149403,3168],{"class":79},[14,149405,149406],{},"An empty tuple can be useful as a starting value.",[14,149408,149409],{},"It is different from an empty list:",[30,149411,149412,149417],{},[33,149413,149414,149415],{},"Empty tuple: ",[17,149416,6994],{},[33,149418,149419,149420],{},"Empty list: ",[17,149421,434],{},[14,149423,149424,149425,25],{},"If you want to compare tuple and list creation, see ",[192,149426,149427],{"href":56823},"Python list: creating a list",[141,149429,149431],{"id":149430},"create-a-tuple-with-one-item","Create a tuple with one item",[14,149433,149434],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake.",[14,149436,149437,149438,149440],{},"A single value inside parentheses is ",[22,149439,4457],{}," automatically a tuple:",[60,149442,149444],{"className":62,"code":149443,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = (5)\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n",[17,149445,149446,149458,149468],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,149447,149448,149450,149452,149454,149456],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,149449,2313],{"class":75},[69,149451,80],{"class":79},[69,149453,8872],{"class":83},[69,149455,670],{"class":87},[69,149457,221],{"class":83},[69,149459,149460,149462,149464,149466],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,149461,110],{"class":109},[69,149463,113],{"class":83},[69,149465,2339],{"class":121},[69,149467,221],{"class":83},[69,149469,149470,149472,149474,149476,149478,149480],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,149471,110],{"class":109},[69,149473,113],{"class":83},[69,149475,3087],{"class":1126},[69,149477,113],{"class":83},[69,149479,2339],{"class":121},[69,149481,342],{"class":83},[14,149483,643],{},[60,149485,149487],{"className":62,"code":149486,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"5\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[17,149488,149489,149493],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,149490,149491],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,149492,2814],{"class":87},[69,149494,149495,149497,149499,149501,149503,149505],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,149496,852],{"class":79},[69,149498,3158],{"class":1932},[69,149500,3161],{"class":94},[69,149502,2056],{"class":336},[69,149504,488],{"class":94},[69,149506,3168],{"class":79},[14,149508,149509],{},"To create a tuple with one item, you must add a trailing comma:",[60,149511,149513],{"className":62,"code":149512,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"one_item = (5,)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(type(one_item))\n",[17,149514,149515,149527,149537],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,149516,149517,149519,149521,149523,149525],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,149518,149008],{"class":75},[69,149520,80],{"class":79},[69,149522,8872],{"class":83},[69,149524,670],{"class":87},[69,149526,149017],{"class":83},[69,149528,149529,149531,149533,149535],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,149530,110],{"class":109},[69,149532,113],{"class":83},[69,149534,149086],{"class":121},[69,149536,221],{"class":83},[69,149538,149539,149541,149543,149545,149547,149549],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,149540,110],{"class":109},[69,149542,113],{"class":83},[69,149544,3087],{"class":1126},[69,149546,113],{"class":83},[69,149548,149086],{"class":121},[69,149550,342],{"class":83},[14,149552,643],{},[60,149554,149556],{"className":62,"code":149555,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"(5,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[17,149557,149558,149566],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,149559,149560,149562,149564],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,149561,113],{"class":83},[69,149563,670],{"class":87},[69,149565,149017],{"class":83},[69,149567,149568,149570,149572,149574,149576,149578],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,149569,852],{"class":79},[69,149571,3158],{"class":1932},[69,149573,3161],{"class":94},[69,149575,48620],{"class":336},[69,149577,488],{"class":94},[69,149579,3168],{"class":79},[14,149581,16303],{},[60,149583,149585],{"className":62,"code":149584,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"(\"apple\",)\n",[17,149586,149587],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,149588,149589,149591,149593,149595,149597],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,149590,113],{"class":83},[69,149592,333],{"class":94},[69,149594,952],{"class":336},[69,149596,333],{"class":94},[69,149598,149017],{"class":83},[14,149600,16291],{},[60,149602,149604],{"className":62,"code":149603,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"(\"apple\")\n",[17,149605,149606],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,149607,149608,149610,149612,149614,149616],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,149609,113],{"class":83},[69,149611,333],{"class":94},[69,149613,952],{"class":336},[69,149615,333],{"class":94},[69,149617,221],{"class":83},[14,149619,149620],{},"The comma is what makes it a tuple.",[141,149622,149624],{"id":149623},"create-tuples-with-different-value-types","Create tuples with different value types",[14,149626,149627],{},"A tuple can contain many kinds of values.",[1369,149629,56131],{"id":3512},[60,149631,149632],{"className":62,"code":149203,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,149633,149634,149654],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,149635,149636,149638,149640,149642,149644,149646,149648,149650,149652],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,149637,801],{"class":75},[69,149639,80],{"class":79},[69,149641,8872],{"class":83},[69,149643,473],{"class":87},[69,149645,91],{"class":83},[69,149647,316],{"class":87},[69,149649,91],{"class":83},[69,149651,516],{"class":87},[69,149653,221],{"class":83},[69,149655,149656,149658,149660,149662],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,149657,110],{"class":109},[69,149659,113],{"class":83},[69,149661,3512],{"class":121},[69,149663,221],{"class":83},[1369,149665,56134],{"id":44},[60,149667,149669],{"className":62,"code":149668,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[17,149670,149671,149703],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,149672,149673,149675,149677,149679,149681,149683,149685,149687,149689,149691,149693,149695,149697,149699,149701],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,149674,12720],{"class":75},[69,149676,80],{"class":79},[69,149678,8872],{"class":83},[69,149680,333],{"class":94},[69,149682,12737],{"class":336},[69,149684,333],{"class":94},[69,149686,91],{"class":83},[69,149688,964],{"class":94},[69,149690,17104],{"class":336},[69,149692,333],{"class":94},[69,149694,91],{"class":83},[69,149696,964],{"class":94},[69,149698,12754],{"class":336},[69,149700,333],{"class":94},[69,149702,221],{"class":83},[69,149704,149705,149707,149709,149711],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,149706,110],{"class":109},[69,149708,113],{"class":83},[69,149710,17151],{"class":121},[69,149712,221],{"class":83},[1369,149714,149716],{"id":149715},"mixed-values","Mixed values",[60,149718,149720],{"className":62,"code":149719,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"mixed = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(mixed)\n",[17,149721,149722,149746],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,149723,149724,149726,149728,149730,149732,149734,149736,149738,149740,149742,149744],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,149725,59143],{"class":75},[69,149727,80],{"class":79},[69,149729,8872],{"class":83},[69,149731,473],{"class":87},[69,149733,91],{"class":83},[69,149735,964],{"class":94},[69,149737,952],{"class":336},[69,149739,333],{"class":94},[69,149741,91],{"class":83},[69,149743,1461],{"class":289},[69,149745,221],{"class":83},[69,149747,149748,149750,149752,149754],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,149749,110],{"class":109},[69,149751,113],{"class":83},[69,149753,59196],{"class":121},[69,149755,221],{"class":83},[1369,149757,149759],{"id":149758},"nested-values","Nested values",[14,149761,149762],{},"You can also put other collections inside a tuple:",[60,149764,149766],{"className":62,"code":149765,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"nested = (1, (\"a\", \"b\"), [10, 20])\nprint(nested)\n",[17,149767,149768,149809],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,149769,149770,149773,149775,149777,149779,149781,149783,149785,149787,149789,149791,149793,149795,149797,149799,149801,149803,149805,149807],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,149771,149772],{"class":75},"nested ",[69,149774,80],{"class":79},[69,149776,8872],{"class":83},[69,149778,473],{"class":87},[69,149780,91],{"class":83},[69,149782,8872],{"class":83},[69,149784,333],{"class":94},[69,149786,192],{"class":336},[69,149788,333],{"class":94},[69,149790,91],{"class":83},[69,149792,964],{"class":94},[69,149794,4587],{"class":336},[69,149796,333],{"class":94},[69,149798,8869],{"class":83},[69,149800,84],{"class":83},[69,149802,2197],{"class":87},[69,149804,91],{"class":83},[69,149806,7420],{"class":87},[69,149808,3727],{"class":83},[69,149810,149811,149813,149815,149818],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,149812,110],{"class":109},[69,149814,113],{"class":83},[69,149816,149817],{"class":121},"nested",[69,149819,221],{"class":83},[14,149821,643],{},[60,149823,149825],{"className":62,"code":149824,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"(1, ('a', 'b'), [10, 20])\n",[17,149826,149827],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,149828,149829,149831,149833,149835,149837,149839,149841,149843,149845,149847,149849,149851,149853,149855,149857,149859,149861],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,149830,113],{"class":83},[69,149832,473],{"class":87},[69,149834,91],{"class":83},[69,149836,8872],{"class":83},[69,149838,488],{"class":94},[69,149840,192],{"class":336},[69,149842,488],{"class":94},[69,149844,91],{"class":83},[69,149846,3161],{"class":94},[69,149848,4587],{"class":336},[69,149850,488],{"class":94},[69,149852,8869],{"class":83},[69,149854,84],{"class":83},[69,149856,2197],{"class":87},[69,149858,91],{"class":83},[69,149860,7420],{"class":87},[69,149862,3727],{"class":83},[141,149864,149866,149867],{"id":149865},"create-a-tuple-with-tuple","Create a tuple with ",[17,149868,37708],{},[14,149870,149871,149872,149874],{},"You can use the built-in ",[17,149873,37708],{}," function to convert another iterable into a tuple.",[14,149876,149877,149878,25],{},"If you want more detail about this function, see ",[192,149879,62889],{"href":62888},[1369,149881,104920],{"id":104919},[60,149883,149885],{"className":62,"code":149884,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = tuple([1, 2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,149886,149887,149909],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,149888,149889,149891,149893,149895,149897,149899,149901,149903,149905,149907],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,149890,801],{"class":75},[69,149892,80],{"class":79},[69,149894,149027],{"class":1126},[69,149896,260],{"class":83},[69,149898,473],{"class":87},[69,149900,91],{"class":83},[69,149902,316],{"class":87},[69,149904,91],{"class":83},[69,149906,516],{"class":87},[69,149908,3727],{"class":83},[69,149910,149911,149913,149915,149917],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,149912,110],{"class":109},[69,149914,113],{"class":83},[69,149916,3512],{"class":121},[69,149918,221],{"class":83},[14,149920,643],{},[60,149922,149923],{"className":62,"code":149240,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,149924,149925],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,149926,149927,149929,149931,149933,149935,149937,149939],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,149928,113],{"class":83},[69,149930,473],{"class":87},[69,149932,91],{"class":83},[69,149934,316],{"class":87},[69,149936,91],{"class":83},[69,149938,516],{"class":87},[69,149940,221],{"class":83},[1369,149942,105106],{"id":105105},[60,149944,149946],{"className":62,"code":149945,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"letters = tuple(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[17,149947,149948,149966],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,149949,149950,149952,149954,149956,149958,149960,149962,149964],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,149951,35750],{"class":75},[69,149953,80],{"class":79},[69,149955,149027],{"class":1126},[69,149957,113],{"class":83},[69,149959,333],{"class":94},[69,149961,41224],{"class":336},[69,149963,333],{"class":94},[69,149965,221],{"class":83},[69,149967,149968,149970,149972,149974],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,149969,110],{"class":109},[69,149971,113],{"class":83},[69,149973,35803],{"class":121},[69,149975,221],{"class":83},[14,149977,643],{},[60,149979,149981],{"className":62,"code":149980,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[17,149982,149983],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,149984,149985,149987,149989,149991,149993,149995,149997,149999,150001,150003,150005,150007,150009],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,149986,113],{"class":83},[69,149988,488],{"class":94},[69,149990,192],{"class":336},[69,149992,488],{"class":94},[69,149994,91],{"class":83},[69,149996,3161],{"class":94},[69,149998,4587],{"class":336},[69,150000,488],{"class":94},[69,150002,91],{"class":83},[69,150004,3161],{"class":94},[69,150006,9376],{"class":336},[69,150008,488],{"class":94},[69,150010,221],{"class":83},[14,150012,150013],{},"This works because a string is iterable, so Python goes through it one character at a time.",[1369,150015,150017],{"id":150016},"from-another-iterable","From another iterable",[60,150019,150021],{"className":62,"code":150020,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"values = tuple(range(4))\nprint(values)\n",[17,150022,150023,150041],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,150024,150025,150027,150029,150031,150033,150035,150037,150039],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,150026,76],{"class":75},[69,150028,80],{"class":79},[69,150030,149027],{"class":1126},[69,150032,113],{"class":83},[69,150034,59669],{"class":109},[69,150036,113],{"class":83},[69,150038,808],{"class":87},[69,150040,342],{"class":83},[69,150042,150043,150045,150047,150049],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,150044,110],{"class":109},[69,150046,113],{"class":83},[69,150048,122],{"class":121},[69,150050,221],{"class":83},[14,150052,643],{},[60,150054,150056],{"className":62,"code":150055,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"(0, 1, 2, 3)\n",[17,150057,150058],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,150059,150060,150062,150064,150066,150068,150070,150072,150074,150076],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,150061,113],{"class":83},[69,150063,88],{"class":87},[69,150065,91],{"class":83},[69,150067,272],{"class":87},[69,150069,91],{"class":83},[69,150071,316],{"class":87},[69,150073,91],{"class":83},[69,150075,516],{"class":87},[69,150077,221],{"class":83},[14,150079,150080],{},"This is useful when your data already exists in another form and you want a tuple version of it.",[141,150082,20451],{"id":20450},[30,150084,150085,150088,150091,150094],{},[33,150086,150087],{},"Commas create tuple items.",[33,150089,150090],{},"Parentheses help readability, but the commas matter most.",[33,150092,150093],{},"Tuples cannot be changed after creation.",[33,150095,150096],{},"If you need to change items often, use a list instead.",[14,150098,150099,150100,25],{},"For a bigger comparison, see ",[192,150101,150103],{"href":150102},"\u002Flearn\u002Fwhen-to-use-lists-vs-tuples-vs-sets-vs-dictionaries\u002F","when to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[141,150105,2698],{"id":2697},[14,150107,150108],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating tuples.",[1369,150110,150112],{"id":150111},"forgetting-the-comma-in-a-one-item-tuple","Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple",[14,150114,150115],{},"This creates a normal value, not a tuple:",[60,150117,150119],{"className":62,"code":150118,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"item = (\"apple\")\nprint(type(item))\n",[17,150120,150121,150137],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,150122,150123,150125,150127,150129,150131,150133,150135],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,150124,28192],{"class":75},[69,150126,80],{"class":79},[69,150128,8872],{"class":83},[69,150130,333],{"class":94},[69,150132,952],{"class":336},[69,150134,333],{"class":94},[69,150136,221],{"class":83},[69,150138,150139,150141,150143,150145,150147,150149],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,150140,110],{"class":109},[69,150142,113],{"class":83},[69,150144,3087],{"class":1126},[69,150146,113],{"class":83},[69,150148,22962],{"class":121},[69,150150,342],{"class":83},[14,150152,150153],{},"To fix it, add a comma:",[60,150155,150157],{"className":62,"code":150156,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"item = (\"apple\",)\nprint(type(item))\n",[17,150158,150159,150175],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,150160,150161,150163,150165,150167,150169,150171,150173],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,150162,28192],{"class":75},[69,150164,80],{"class":79},[69,150166,8872],{"class":83},[69,150168,333],{"class":94},[69,150170,952],{"class":336},[69,150172,333],{"class":94},[69,150174,149017],{"class":83},[69,150176,150177,150179,150181,150183,150185,150187],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,150178,110],{"class":109},[69,150180,113],{"class":83},[69,150182,3087],{"class":1126},[69,150184,113],{"class":83},[69,150186,22962],{"class":121},[69,150188,342],{"class":83},[1369,150190,150192],{"id":150191},"using-square-brackets-by-mistake","Using square brackets by mistake",[14,150194,150195],{},"This creates a list, not a tuple:",[60,150197,150199],{"className":62,"code":150198,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(values))\n",[17,150200,150201,150221],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,150202,150203,150205,150207,150209,150211,150213,150215,150217,150219],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,150204,76],{"class":75},[69,150206,80],{"class":79},[69,150208,84],{"class":83},[69,150210,473],{"class":87},[69,150212,91],{"class":83},[69,150214,316],{"class":87},[69,150216,91],{"class":83},[69,150218,516],{"class":87},[69,150220,103],{"class":83},[69,150222,150223,150225,150227,150229,150231,150233],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,150224,110],{"class":109},[69,150226,113],{"class":83},[69,150228,3087],{"class":1126},[69,150230,113],{"class":83},[69,150232,122],{"class":121},[69,150234,342],{"class":83},[14,150236,150237],{},"If you want a tuple, use parentheses:",[60,150239,150241],{"className":62,"code":150240,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"values = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(type(values))\n",[17,150242,150243,150263],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,150244,150245,150247,150249,150251,150253,150255,150257,150259,150261],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,150246,76],{"class":75},[69,150248,80],{"class":79},[69,150250,8872],{"class":83},[69,150252,473],{"class":87},[69,150254,91],{"class":83},[69,150256,316],{"class":87},[69,150258,91],{"class":83},[69,150260,516],{"class":87},[69,150262,221],{"class":83},[69,150264,150265,150267,150269,150271,150273,150275],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,150266,110],{"class":109},[69,150268,113],{"class":83},[69,150270,3087],{"class":1126},[69,150272,113],{"class":83},[69,150274,122],{"class":121},[69,150276,342],{"class":83},[1369,150278,150280],{"id":150279},"expecting-tuple-items-to-be-changeable","Expecting tuple items to be changeable",[14,150282,150093],{},[60,150284,150286],{"className":62,"code":150285,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\n# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[17,150287,150288,150308],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,150289,150290,150292,150294,150296,150298,150300,150302,150304,150306],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,150291,801],{"class":75},[69,150293,80],{"class":79},[69,150295,8872],{"class":83},[69,150297,473],{"class":87},[69,150299,91],{"class":83},[69,150301,316],{"class":87},[69,150303,91],{"class":83},[69,150305,516],{"class":87},[69,150307,221],{"class":83},[69,150309,150310],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,150311,150312],{"class":128},"# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[14,150314,150315],{},"If you need to update items, use a list instead.",[1369,150317,36865,150319,150322],{"id":150318},"confusing-tupleabc-with-one-string-inside-a-tuple",[17,150320,150321],{},"tuple(\"abc\")"," with one string inside a tuple",[14,150324,64315],{},[60,150326,150327],{"className":62,"code":149945,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,150328,150329,150347],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,150330,150331,150333,150335,150337,150339,150341,150343,150345],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,150332,35750],{"class":75},[69,150334,80],{"class":79},[69,150336,149027],{"class":1126},[69,150338,113],{"class":83},[69,150340,333],{"class":94},[69,150342,41224],{"class":336},[69,150344,333],{"class":94},[69,150346,221],{"class":83},[69,150348,150349,150351,150353,150355],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,150350,110],{"class":109},[69,150352,113],{"class":83},[69,150354,35803],{"class":121},[69,150356,221],{"class":83},[14,150358,150359],{},"gives:",[60,150361,150362],{"className":62,"code":149980,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,150363,150364],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,150365,150366,150368,150370,150372,150374,150376,150378,150380,150382,150384,150386,150388,150390],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,150367,113],{"class":83},[69,150369,488],{"class":94},[69,150371,192],{"class":336},[69,150373,488],{"class":94},[69,150375,91],{"class":83},[69,150377,3161],{"class":94},[69,150379,4587],{"class":336},[69,150381,488],{"class":94},[69,150383,91],{"class":83},[69,150385,3161],{"class":94},[69,150387,9376],{"class":336},[69,150389,488],{"class":94},[69,150391,221],{"class":83},[14,150393,150394],{},"If you want one string as a single tuple item, write:",[60,150396,150398],{"className":62,"code":150397,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"word = (\"abc\",)\nprint(word)\n",[17,150399,150400,150416],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,150401,150402,150404,150406,150408,150410,150412,150414],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,150403,989],{"class":75},[69,150405,80],{"class":79},[69,150407,8872],{"class":83},[69,150409,333],{"class":94},[69,150411,41224],{"class":336},[69,150413,333],{"class":94},[69,150415,149017],{"class":83},[69,150417,150418,150420,150422,150424],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,150419,110],{"class":109},[69,150421,113],{"class":83},[69,150423,38053],{"class":121},[69,150425,221],{"class":83},[14,150427,643],{},[60,150429,150431],{"className":62,"code":150430,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"('abc',)\n",[17,150432,150433],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,150434,150435,150437,150439,150441,150443],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,150436,113],{"class":83},[69,150438,488],{"class":94},[69,150440,41224],{"class":336},[69,150442,488],{"class":94},[69,150444,149017],{"class":83},[1369,150446,150448],{"id":150447},"simple-debugging-checks","Simple debugging checks",[14,150450,150451],{},"If you are not sure what you created, these checks help:",[60,150453,150455],{"className":62,"code":150454,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_tuple = (\"apple\",)\n\nprint(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[17,150456,150457,150474,150478,150488,150502],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,150458,150459,150462,150464,150466,150468,150470,150472],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,150460,150461],{"class":75},"my_tuple ",[69,150463,80],{"class":79},[69,150465,8872],{"class":83},[69,150467,333],{"class":94},[69,150469,952],{"class":336},[69,150471,333],{"class":94},[69,150473,149017],{"class":83},[69,150475,150476],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,150477,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,150479,150480,150482,150484,150486],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,150481,110],{"class":109},[69,150483,113],{"class":83},[69,150485,147679],{"class":121},[69,150487,221],{"class":83},[69,150489,150490,150492,150494,150496,150498,150500],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,150491,110],{"class":109},[69,150493,113],{"class":83},[69,150495,3087],{"class":1126},[69,150497,113],{"class":83},[69,150499,147679],{"class":121},[69,150501,342],{"class":83},[69,150503,150504,150506,150508,150510,150512,150514],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,150505,110],{"class":109},[69,150507,113],{"class":83},[69,150509,10801],{"class":109},[69,150511,113],{"class":83},[69,150513,147679],{"class":121},[69,150515,342],{"class":83},[141,150517,1651],{"id":1650},[1369,150519,150521],{"id":150520},"how-do-i-create-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I create a tuple with one item?",[14,150523,150524,150525,150528],{},"Add a trailing comma, like ",[17,150526,150527],{},"(\"apple\",)",". Without the comma, Python treats it as a normal value.",[1369,150530,150532],{"id":150531},"do-tuples-always-need-parentheses","Do tuples always need parentheses?",[14,150534,150535],{},"Parentheses are common and clearer for beginners, but commas are what make a tuple.",[1369,150537,150539],{"id":150538},"can-a-tuple-contain-different-data-types","Can a tuple contain different data types?",[14,150541,150542],{},"Yes. A tuple can contain numbers, strings, booleans, and other objects.",[1369,150544,150546],{"id":150545},"what-is-the-difference-between-a-tuple-and-a-list","What is the difference between a tuple and a list?",[14,150548,150549],{},"A tuple cannot be changed after creation. A list can be changed.",[1369,150551,4969,150553,12359],{"id":150552},"what-does-tupleabc-return",[17,150554,150321],{},[14,150556,1658,150557,150560],{},[17,150558,150559],{},"('a', 'b', 'c')"," because the string is treated as an iterable of characters.",[141,150562,1771],{"id":1770},[30,150564,150565,150569,150573,150579,150584,150589,150593],{},[33,150566,150567],{},[192,150568,147661],{"href":147660},[33,150570,150571],{},[192,150572,149334],{"href":149333},[33,150574,150575],{},[192,150576,150578],{"href":150577},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained\u002F","Python tuple slicing explained",[33,150580,150581],{},[192,150582,150583],{"href":148899},"Python tuple length with len()",[33,150585,150586],{},[192,150587,150588],{"href":148964},"What is a tuple in Python?",[33,150590,150591],{},[192,150592,62889],{"href":62888},[33,150594,150595],{},[192,150596,150597],{"href":150102},"When to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[1802,150599,150600],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":150602},[150603,150604,150605,150606,150607,150608,150614,150620,150621,150629,150637],{"id":1869,"depth":106,"text":1870},{"id":14808,"depth":106,"text":14809},{"id":149193,"depth":106,"text":149194},{"id":149337,"depth":106,"text":149338},{"id":149430,"depth":106,"text":149431},{"id":149623,"depth":106,"text":149624,"children":150609},[150610,150611,150612,150613],{"id":3512,"depth":300,"text":56131},{"id":44,"depth":300,"text":56134},{"id":149715,"depth":300,"text":149716},{"id":149758,"depth":300,"text":149759},{"id":149865,"depth":106,"text":150615,"children":150616},"Create a tuple with tuple()",[150617,150618,150619],{"id":104919,"depth":300,"text":104920},{"id":105105,"depth":300,"text":105106},{"id":150016,"depth":300,"text":150017},{"id":20450,"depth":106,"text":20451},{"id":2697,"depth":106,"text":2698,"children":150622},[150623,150624,150625,150626,150628],{"id":150111,"depth":300,"text":150112},{"id":150191,"depth":300,"text":150192},{"id":150279,"depth":300,"text":150280},{"id":150318,"depth":300,"text":150627},"Confusing tuple(\"abc\") with one string inside a tuple",{"id":150447,"depth":300,"text":150448},{"id":1650,"depth":106,"text":1651,"children":150630},[150631,150632,150633,150634,150635],{"id":150520,"depth":300,"text":150521},{"id":150531,"depth":300,"text":150532},{"id":150538,"depth":300,"text":150539},{"id":150545,"depth":300,"text":150546},{"id":150552,"depth":300,"text":150636},"What does tuple(\"abc\") return?",{"id":1770,"depth":106,"text":1771},"Master python tuple creating a tuple in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple",{"title":148950,"description":150638},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple","SQWI2ojc9mwi8pBVXbAE-y8OnaS1gj7HNiNhaF1JyuA",{"id":150645,"title":150646,"body":150647,"description":152192,"extension":1828,"meta":152193,"navigation":833,"path":152194,"seo":152195,"stem":152196,"__hash__":152197},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained.md","Python tuple() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":150648,"toc":152162},[150649,150652,150657,150659,150672,150678,150680,150747,150749,150784,150789,150793,150797,150799,150810,150818,150820,150822,150843,150845,150865,150868,150870,150875,150918,150920,150942,150945,150958,150962,150966,150969,151022,151024,151045,151050,151054,151057,151102,151104,151137,151149,151153,151161,151198,151200,151229,151233,151236,151289,151291,151311,151318,151322,151327,151396,151398,151423,151427,151430,151436,151513,151515,151574,151576,151588,151593,151597,151601,151615,151617,151652,151654,151671,151674,151687,151691,151695,151706,151711,151726,151729,151732,151734,151737,151741,151743,151757,151759,151783,151788,151792,151795,151814,151817,151866,151871,151888,151891,151924,151928,151930,151981,151984,152009,152012,152035,152039,152045,152047,152082,152085,152090,152092,152096,152099,152103,152108,152112,152115,152119,152122,152126,152131,152133,152159],[10,150650,150646],{"id":150651},"python-tuple-function-explained",[14,150653,8758,150654,150656],{},[17,150655,37708],{}," function creates a tuple in Python.",[14,150658,82261],{},[30,150660,150661,150666],{},[33,150662,150663,150665],{},[17,150664,37708],{}," creates an empty tuple",[33,150667,150668,150671],{},[17,150669,150670],{},"tuple(iterable)"," converts an iterable into a tuple",[14,150673,150674,150675,150677],{},"This is useful when you want a fixed, immutable sequence of values. Beginners often use ",[17,150676,37708],{}," to convert a list, string, range, or other iterable into a tuple.",[141,150679,1870],{"id":1869},[60,150681,150683],{"className":62,"code":150682,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[17,150684,150685,150705,150719,150723,150733],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,150686,150687,150689,150691,150693,150695,150697,150699,150701,150703],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,150688,801],{"class":75},[69,150690,80],{"class":79},[69,150692,84],{"class":83},[69,150694,473],{"class":87},[69,150696,91],{"class":83},[69,150698,316],{"class":87},[69,150700,91],{"class":83},[69,150702,516],{"class":87},[69,150704,103],{"class":83},[69,150706,150707,150709,150711,150713,150715,150717],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,150708,839],{"class":75},[69,150710,80],{"class":79},[69,150712,149027],{"class":1126},[69,150714,113],{"class":83},[69,150716,3512],{"class":121},[69,150718,221],{"class":83},[69,150720,150721],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,150722,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,150724,150725,150727,150729,150731],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,150726,110],{"class":109},[69,150728,113],{"class":83},[69,150730,876],{"class":121},[69,150732,221],{"class":83},[69,150734,150735,150737,150739,150741,150743,150745],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,150736,110],{"class":109},[69,150738,113],{"class":83},[69,150740,3087],{"class":1126},[69,150742,113],{"class":83},[69,150744,876],{"class":121},[69,150746,342],{"class":83},[14,150748,643],{},[60,150750,150752],{"className":62,"code":150751,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"(1, 2, 3)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[17,150753,150754,150770],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,150755,150756,150758,150760,150762,150764,150766,150768],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,150757,113],{"class":83},[69,150759,473],{"class":87},[69,150761,91],{"class":83},[69,150763,316],{"class":87},[69,150765,91],{"class":83},[69,150767,516],{"class":87},[69,150769,221],{"class":83},[69,150771,150772,150774,150776,150778,150780,150782],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,150773,852],{"class":79},[69,150775,3158],{"class":1932},[69,150777,3161],{"class":94},[69,150779,48620],{"class":336},[69,150781,488],{"class":94},[69,150783,3168],{"class":79},[14,150785,132,150786,150788],{},[17,150787,150670],{}," to convert an iterable like a list, string, or range into a tuple.",[141,150790,150792],{"id":150791},"what-tuple-does","What tuple() does",[14,150794,150795,62597],{},[17,150796,37708],{},[14,150798,48594],{},[30,150800,150801,150804,150807],{},[33,150802,150803],{},"creates a tuple object",[33,150805,150806],{},"can make an empty tuple with no arguments",[33,150808,150809],{},"can convert another iterable into a tuple",[14,150811,150812,150813,150815,150816,25],{},"If you are new to tuples, see ",[192,150814,148965],{"href":148964}," or the full guide to ",[192,150817,147661],{"href":147660},[141,150819,2024],{"id":2023},[14,150821,26140],{},[60,150823,150825],{"className":62,"code":150824,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"tuple()\ntuple(iterable)\n",[17,150826,150827,150833],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,150828,150829,150831],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,150830,48620],{"class":1126},[69,150832,8277],{"class":83},[69,150834,150835,150837,150839,150841],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,150836,48620],{"class":1126},[69,150838,113],{"class":83},[69,150840,218],{"class":121},[69,150842,221],{"class":83},[14,150844,11099],{},[30,150846,150847,150850],{},[33,150848,150849],{},"The argument must be an iterable",[33,150851,150852,150853],{},"Common iterables include:\n",[30,150854,150855,150857,150859,150861,150863],{},[33,150856,35],{},[33,150858,44],{},[33,150860,62668],{},[33,150862,41],{},[33,150864,6879],{},[14,150866,150867],{},"An iterable is a value Python can go through one item at a time.",[141,150869,149338],{"id":149337},[14,150871,29304,150872,150874],{},[17,150873,37708],{}," with no argument returns an empty tuple.",[60,150876,150878],{"className":62,"code":150877,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"empty = tuple()\n\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[17,150879,150880,150890,150894,150904],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,150881,150882,150884,150886,150888],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,150883,124525],{"class":75},[69,150885,80],{"class":79},[69,150887,149027],{"class":1126},[69,150889,8277],{"class":83},[69,150891,150892],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,150893,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,150895,150896,150898,150900,150902],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,150897,110],{"class":109},[69,150899,113],{"class":83},[69,150901,124576],{"class":121},[69,150903,221],{"class":83},[69,150905,150906,150908,150910,150912,150914,150916],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,150907,110],{"class":109},[69,150909,113],{"class":83},[69,150911,3087],{"class":1126},[69,150913,113],{"class":83},[69,150915,124576],{"class":121},[69,150917,342],{"class":83},[14,150919,643],{},[60,150921,150922],{"className":62,"code":149383,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,150923,150924,150928],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,150925,150926],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,150927,8277],{"class":83},[69,150929,150930,150932,150934,150936,150938,150940],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,150931,852],{"class":79},[69,150933,3158],{"class":1932},[69,150935,3161],{"class":94},[69,150937,48620],{"class":336},[69,150939,488],{"class":94},[69,150941,3168],{"class":79},[14,150943,150944],{},"This is equivalent to:",[60,150946,150948],{"className":62,"code":150947,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"empty = ()\n",[17,150949,150950],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,150951,150952,150954,150956],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,150953,124525],{"class":75},[69,150955,80],{"class":79},[69,150957,149003],{"class":83},[141,150959,150961],{"id":150960},"convert-common-iterables-to-a-tuple","Convert common iterables to a tuple",[1369,150963,150965],{"id":150964},"list-to-tuple","List to tuple",[14,150967,150968],{},"A list keeps its item order when converted to a tuple.",[60,150970,150972],{"className":62,"code":150971,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,150973,150974,150994,151008,151012],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,150975,150976,150978,150980,150982,150984,150986,150988,150990,150992],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,150977,801],{"class":75},[69,150979,80],{"class":79},[69,150981,84],{"class":83},[69,150983,2197],{"class":87},[69,150985,91],{"class":83},[69,150987,7420],{"class":87},[69,150989,91],{"class":83},[69,150991,7425],{"class":87},[69,150993,103],{"class":83},[69,150995,150996,150998,151000,151002,151004,151006],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,150997,839],{"class":75},[69,150999,80],{"class":79},[69,151001,149027],{"class":1126},[69,151003,113],{"class":83},[69,151005,3512],{"class":121},[69,151007,221],{"class":83},[69,151009,151010],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,151011,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,151013,151014,151016,151018,151020],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,151015,110],{"class":109},[69,151017,113],{"class":83},[69,151019,876],{"class":121},[69,151021,221],{"class":83},[14,151023,643],{},[60,151025,151027],{"className":62,"code":151026,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"(10, 20, 30)\n",[17,151028,151029],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,151030,151031,151033,151035,151037,151039,151041,151043],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,151032,113],{"class":83},[69,151034,2197],{"class":87},[69,151036,91],{"class":83},[69,151038,7420],{"class":87},[69,151040,91],{"class":83},[69,151042,7425],{"class":87},[69,151044,221],{"class":83},[14,151046,151047,151048,25],{},"If you need a changeable sequence instead, see the ",[192,151049,104725],{"href":59726},[1369,151051,151053],{"id":151052},"string-to-tuple","String to tuple",[14,151055,151056],{},"A string is iterable, so each character becomes a separate item.",[60,151058,151060],{"className":62,"code":151059,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"cat\"\nresult = tuple(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,151061,151062,151074,151088,151092],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,151063,151064,151066,151068,151070,151072],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,151065,34345],{"class":75},[69,151067,80],{"class":79},[69,151069,964],{"class":94},[69,151071,36708],{"class":336},[69,151073,3224],{"class":94},[69,151075,151076,151078,151080,151082,151084,151086],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,151077,839],{"class":75},[69,151079,80],{"class":79},[69,151081,149027],{"class":1126},[69,151083,113],{"class":83},[69,151085,34366],{"class":121},[69,151087,221],{"class":83},[69,151089,151090],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,151091,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,151093,151094,151096,151098,151100],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,151095,110],{"class":109},[69,151097,113],{"class":83},[69,151099,876],{"class":121},[69,151101,221],{"class":83},[14,151103,643],{},[60,151105,151107],{"className":62,"code":151106,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"('c', 'a', 't')\n",[17,151108,151109],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,151110,151111,151113,151115,151117,151119,151121,151123,151125,151127,151129,151131,151133,151135],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,151112,113],{"class":83},[69,151114,488],{"class":94},[69,151116,9376],{"class":336},[69,151118,488],{"class":94},[69,151120,91],{"class":83},[69,151122,3161],{"class":94},[69,151124,192],{"class":336},[69,151126,488],{"class":94},[69,151128,91],{"class":83},[69,151130,3161],{"class":94},[69,151132,62958],{"class":336},[69,151134,488],{"class":94},[69,151136,221],{"class":83},[14,151138,151139,151140,13699,151143,151145,151146,25],{},"This often surprises beginners. ",[17,151141,151142],{},"tuple(\"cat\")",[22,151144,4457],{}," create ",[17,151147,151148],{},"('cat',)",[1369,151150,151152],{"id":151151},"range-to-tuple","Range to tuple",[14,151154,151155,151157,151158,151160],{},[17,151156,35858],{}," produces values one at a time, and ",[17,151159,37708],{}," collects them all.",[60,151162,151164],{"className":62,"code":151163,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"result = tuple(range(5))\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,151165,151166,151184,151188],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,151167,151168,151170,151172,151174,151176,151178,151180,151182],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,151169,839],{"class":75},[69,151171,80],{"class":79},[69,151173,149027],{"class":1126},[69,151175,113],{"class":83},[69,151177,59669],{"class":109},[69,151179,113],{"class":83},[69,151181,670],{"class":87},[69,151183,342],{"class":83},[69,151185,151186],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,151187,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,151189,151190,151192,151194,151196],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,151191,110],{"class":109},[69,151193,113],{"class":83},[69,151195,876],{"class":121},[69,151197,221],{"class":83},[14,151199,643],{},[60,151201,151203],{"className":62,"code":151202,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"(0, 1, 2, 3, 4)\n",[17,151204,151205],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,151206,151207,151209,151211,151213,151215,151217,151219,151221,151223,151225,151227],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,151208,113],{"class":83},[69,151210,88],{"class":87},[69,151212,91],{"class":83},[69,151214,272],{"class":87},[69,151216,91],{"class":83},[69,151218,316],{"class":87},[69,151220,91],{"class":83},[69,151222,516],{"class":87},[69,151224,91],{"class":83},[69,151226,2323],{"class":87},[69,151228,221],{"class":83},[1369,151230,151232],{"id":151231},"set-to-tuple","Set to tuple",[14,151234,151235],{},"A set can also be converted to a tuple.",[60,151237,151239],{"className":62,"code":151238,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"values = {1, 2, 3}\nresult = tuple(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,151240,151241,151261,151275,151279],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,151242,151243,151245,151247,151249,151251,151253,151255,151257,151259],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,151244,76],{"class":75},[69,151246,80],{"class":79},[69,151248,10128],{"class":83},[69,151250,473],{"class":87},[69,151252,91],{"class":83},[69,151254,316],{"class":87},[69,151256,91],{"class":83},[69,151258,516],{"class":87},[69,151260,8945],{"class":83},[69,151262,151263,151265,151267,151269,151271,151273],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,151264,839],{"class":75},[69,151266,80],{"class":79},[69,151268,149027],{"class":1126},[69,151270,113],{"class":83},[69,151272,122],{"class":121},[69,151274,221],{"class":83},[69,151276,151277],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,151278,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,151280,151281,151283,151285,151287],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,151282,110],{"class":109},[69,151284,113],{"class":83},[69,151286,876],{"class":121},[69,151288,221],{"class":83},[14,151290,643],{},[60,151292,151293],{"className":62,"code":149240,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,151294,151295],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,151296,151297,151299,151301,151303,151305,151307,151309],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,151298,113],{"class":83},[69,151300,473],{"class":87},[69,151302,91],{"class":83},[69,151304,316],{"class":87},[69,151306,91],{"class":83},[69,151308,516],{"class":87},[69,151310,221],{"class":83},[14,151312,151313,151314,25],{},"The order may not be predictable, because sets do not store items in a fixed order. If you want to understand sets better, see the ",[192,151315,151317],{"href":151316},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained\u002F","Python set() function explained",[1369,151319,151321],{"id":151320},"dictionary-to-tuple","Dictionary to tuple",[14,151323,63211,151324,151326],{},[17,151325,37708],{},", Python uses the dictionary's keys.",[60,151328,151330],{"className":62,"code":151329,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = tuple(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,151331,151332,151368,151382,151386],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,151333,151334,151336,151338,151340,151342,151344,151346,151348,151350,151352,151354,151356,151358,151360,151362,151364,151366],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,151335,12849],{"class":75},[69,151337,80],{"class":79},[69,151339,10128],{"class":83},[69,151341,333],{"class":94},[69,151343,7297],{"class":336},[69,151345,333],{"class":94},[69,151347,1044],{"class":83},[69,151349,964],{"class":94},[69,151351,12524],{"class":336},[69,151353,333],{"class":94},[69,151355,91],{"class":83},[69,151357,964],{"class":94},[69,151359,8935],{"class":336},[69,151361,333],{"class":94},[69,151363,1044],{"class":83},[69,151365,8942],{"class":87},[69,151367,8945],{"class":83},[69,151369,151370,151372,151374,151376,151378,151380],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,151371,839],{"class":75},[69,151373,80],{"class":79},[69,151375,149027],{"class":1126},[69,151377,113],{"class":83},[69,151379,16955],{"class":121},[69,151381,221],{"class":83},[69,151383,151384],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,151385,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,151387,151388,151390,151392,151394],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,151389,110],{"class":109},[69,151391,113],{"class":83},[69,151393,876],{"class":121},[69,151395,221],{"class":83},[14,151397,29684],{},[60,151399,151401],{"className":62,"code":151400,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"('name', 'age')\n",[17,151402,151403],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,151404,151405,151407,151409,151411,151413,151415,151417,151419,151421],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,151406,113],{"class":83},[69,151408,488],{"class":94},[69,151410,7297],{"class":336},[69,151412,488],{"class":94},[69,151414,91],{"class":83},[69,151416,3161],{"class":94},[69,151418,8935],{"class":336},[69,151420,488],{"class":94},[69,151422,221],{"class":83},[141,151424,151426],{"id":151425},"what-happens-with-dictionaries","What happens with dictionaries",[14,151428,151429],{},"This is a common beginner surprise.",[14,151431,151432,151435],{},[17,151433,151434],{},"tuple(my_dict)"," returns a tuple of dictionary keys, not key-value pairs.",[60,151437,151439],{"className":62,"code":151438,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(tuple(person))\nprint(tuple(person.items()))\n",[17,151440,151441,151477,151481,151495],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,151442,151443,151445,151447,151449,151451,151453,151455,151457,151459,151461,151463,151465,151467,151469,151471,151473,151475],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,151444,12849],{"class":75},[69,151446,80],{"class":79},[69,151448,10128],{"class":83},[69,151450,333],{"class":94},[69,151452,7297],{"class":336},[69,151454,333],{"class":94},[69,151456,1044],{"class":83},[69,151458,964],{"class":94},[69,151460,12524],{"class":336},[69,151462,333],{"class":94},[69,151464,91],{"class":83},[69,151466,964],{"class":94},[69,151468,8935],{"class":336},[69,151470,333],{"class":94},[69,151472,1044],{"class":83},[69,151474,8942],{"class":87},[69,151476,8945],{"class":83},[69,151478,151479],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,151480,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,151482,151483,151485,151487,151489,151491,151493],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,151484,110],{"class":109},[69,151486,113],{"class":83},[69,151488,48620],{"class":1126},[69,151490,113],{"class":83},[69,151492,16955],{"class":121},[69,151494,342],{"class":83},[69,151496,151497,151499,151501,151503,151505,151507,151509,151511],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,151498,110],{"class":109},[69,151500,113],{"class":83},[69,151502,48620],{"class":1126},[69,151504,113],{"class":83},[69,151506,16955],{"class":121},[69,151508,25],{"class":83},[69,151510,7440],{"class":121},[69,151512,1130],{"class":83},[14,151514,643],{},[60,151516,151518],{"className":62,"code":151517,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"('name', 'age')\n(('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25))\n",[17,151519,151520,151540],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,151521,151522,151524,151526,151528,151530,151532,151534,151536,151538],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,151523,113],{"class":83},[69,151525,488],{"class":94},[69,151527,7297],{"class":336},[69,151529,488],{"class":94},[69,151531,91],{"class":83},[69,151533,3161],{"class":94},[69,151535,8935],{"class":336},[69,151537,488],{"class":94},[69,151539,221],{"class":83},[69,151541,151542,151544,151546,151548,151550,151552,151554,151556,151558,151560,151562,151564,151566,151568,151570,151572],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,151543,286],{"class":83},[69,151545,488],{"class":94},[69,151547,7297],{"class":336},[69,151549,488],{"class":94},[69,151551,91],{"class":83},[69,151553,3161],{"class":94},[69,151555,12524],{"class":336},[69,151557,488],{"class":94},[69,151559,8869],{"class":83},[69,151561,8872],{"class":83},[69,151563,488],{"class":94},[69,151565,8935],{"class":336},[69,151567,488],{"class":94},[69,151569,91],{"class":83},[69,151571,8942],{"class":87},[69,151573,342],{"class":83},[14,151575,18344],{},[30,151577,151578,151583],{},[33,151579,151580,151582],{},[17,151581,151434],{}," for keys",[33,151584,151585,32213],{},[17,151586,151587],{},"tuple(my_dict.items())",[14,151589,151590,151591,25],{},"This happens because iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default. You can learn more in the ",[192,151592,63221],{"href":63220},[141,151594,151596],{"id":151595},"when-to-use-tuple","When to use tuple()",[14,151598,151599,17968],{},[17,151600,37708],{},[30,151602,151603,151606,151609,151612],{},[33,151604,151605],{},"you need an immutable sequence",[33,151607,151608],{},"you want to convert a list into a tuple",[33,151610,151611],{},"you want to store a fixed group of values",[33,151613,151614],{},"you have data that should not be changed later",[14,151616,2076],{},[60,151618,151620],{"className":62,"code":151619,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"coordinates = tuple([4, 7])\nprint(coordinates)\n",[17,151621,151622,151641],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,151623,151624,151627,151629,151631,151633,151635,151637,151639],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,151625,151626],{"class":75},"coordinates ",[69,151628,80],{"class":79},[69,151630,149027],{"class":1126},[69,151632,260],{"class":83},[69,151634,808],{"class":87},[69,151636,91],{"class":83},[69,151638,813],{"class":87},[69,151640,3727],{"class":83},[69,151642,151643,151645,151647,151650],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,151644,110],{"class":109},[69,151646,113],{"class":83},[69,151648,151649],{"class":121},"coordinates",[69,151651,221],{"class":83},[14,151653,643],{},[60,151655,151657],{"className":62,"code":151656,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"(4, 7)\n",[17,151658,151659],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,151660,151661,151663,151665,151667,151669],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,151662,113],{"class":83},[69,151664,808],{"class":87},[69,151666,91],{"class":83},[69,151668,813],{"class":87},[69,151670,221],{"class":83},[14,151672,151673],{},"Tuples are often used for values like:",[30,151675,151676,151678,151681,151684],{},[33,151677,151649],{},[33,151679,151680],{},"RGB colors",[33,151682,151683],{},"dates",[33,151685,151686],{},"settings that should stay fixed",[141,151688,151690],{"id":151689},"when-not-to-use-tuple","When not to use tuple()",[14,151692,44094,151693,10239],{},[17,151694,37708],{},[30,151696,151697,151700,151703],{},[33,151698,151699],{},"you need to add, remove, or update items later",[33,151701,151702],{},"a list would be easier to work with",[33,151704,151705],{},"you are passing a non-iterable value",[14,151707,116152,151708,151710],{},[22,151709,4457],{}," work:",[60,151712,151714],{"className":62,"code":151713,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"tuple(5)\n",[17,151715,151716],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,151717,151718,151720,151722,151724],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,151719,48620],{"class":1126},[69,151721,113],{"class":83},[69,151723,670],{"class":87},[69,151725,221],{"class":83},[14,151727,151728],{},"An integer is not iterable, so Python raises an error.",[14,151730,151731],{},"If you need a flexible sequence, use a list instead of a tuple.",[141,151733,114990],{"id":114989},[14,151735,151736],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into.",[1369,151738,151740],{"id":151739},"passing-a-non-iterable-value","Passing a non-iterable value",[14,151742,2705],{},[60,151744,151745],{"className":62,"code":151713,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,151746,151747],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,151748,151749,151751,151753,151755],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,151750,48620],{"class":1126},[69,151752,113],{"class":83},[69,151754,670],{"class":87},[69,151756,221],{"class":83},[14,151758,29335],{},[60,151760,151761],{"className":62,"code":63325,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,151762,151763],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,151764,151765,151767,151769,151771,151773,151775,151777,151779,151781],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,151766,2870],{"class":1126},[69,151768,1044],{"class":83},[69,151770,3161],{"class":94},[69,151772,2056],{"class":336},[69,151774,488],{"class":94},[69,151776,24269],{"class":1126},[69,151778,7728],{"class":79},[69,151780,7731],{"class":79},[69,151782,63348],{"class":75},[14,151784,151785,151786,25],{},"If you see this, read ",[192,151787,61962],{"href":52268},[1369,151789,151791],{"id":151790},"expecting-one-whole-string-item","Expecting one whole string item",[14,151793,151794],{},"This code:",[60,151796,151798],{"className":62,"code":151797,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"tuple(\"hello\")\n",[17,151799,151800],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,151801,151802,151804,151806,151808,151810,151812],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,151803,48620],{"class":1126},[69,151805,113],{"class":83},[69,151807,333],{"class":94},[69,151809,337],{"class":336},[69,151811,333],{"class":94},[69,151813,221],{"class":83},[14,151815,151816],{},"returns:",[60,151818,151820],{"className":62,"code":151819,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"('h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o')\n",[17,151821,151822],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,151823,151824,151826,151828,151830,151832,151834,151836,151838,151840,151842,151844,151846,151848,151850,151852,151854,151856,151858,151860,151862,151864],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,151825,113],{"class":83},[69,151827,488],{"class":94},[69,151829,60109],{"class":336},[69,151831,488],{"class":94},[69,151833,91],{"class":83},[69,151835,3161],{"class":94},[69,151837,60118],{"class":336},[69,151839,488],{"class":94},[69,151841,91],{"class":83},[69,151843,3161],{"class":94},[69,151845,60127],{"class":336},[69,151847,488],{"class":94},[69,151849,91],{"class":83},[69,151851,3161],{"class":94},[69,151853,60127],{"class":336},[69,151855,488],{"class":94},[69,151857,91],{"class":83},[69,151859,3161],{"class":94},[69,151861,60144],{"class":336},[69,151863,488],{"class":94},[69,151865,221],{"class":83},[14,151867,40569,151868,151870],{},[22,151869,4457],{}," return:",[60,151872,151874],{"className":62,"code":151873,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"('hello',)\n",[17,151875,151876],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,151877,151878,151880,151882,151884,151886],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,151879,113],{"class":83},[69,151881,488],{"class":94},[69,151883,337],{"class":336},[69,151885,488],{"class":94},[69,151887,149017],{"class":83},[14,151889,151890],{},"If you want a one-item tuple, write:",[60,151892,151894],{"className":62,"code":151893,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"single = (\"hello\",)\nprint(single)\n",[17,151895,151896,151913],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,151897,151898,151901,151903,151905,151907,151909,151911],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,151899,151900],{"class":75},"single ",[69,151902,80],{"class":79},[69,151904,8872],{"class":83},[69,151906,333],{"class":94},[69,151908,337],{"class":336},[69,151910,333],{"class":94},[69,151912,149017],{"class":83},[69,151914,151915,151917,151919,151922],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,151916,110],{"class":109},[69,151918,113],{"class":83},[69,151920,151921],{"class":121},"single",[69,151923,221],{"class":83},[1369,151925,151927],{"id":151926},"expecting-dictionary-values-too","Expecting dictionary values too",[14,151929,151794],{},[60,151931,151933],{"className":62,"code":151932,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(tuple(data))\n",[17,151934,151935,151967],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,151936,151937,151939,151941,151943,151945,151947,151949,151951,151953,151955,151957,151959,151961,151963,151965],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,151938,8801],{"class":75},[69,151940,80],{"class":79},[69,151942,10128],{"class":83},[69,151944,333],{"class":94},[69,151946,192],{"class":336},[69,151948,333],{"class":94},[69,151950,1044],{"class":83},[69,151952,272],{"class":87},[69,151954,91],{"class":83},[69,151956,964],{"class":94},[69,151958,4587],{"class":336},[69,151960,333],{"class":94},[69,151962,1044],{"class":83},[69,151964,316],{"class":87},[69,151966,8945],{"class":83},[69,151968,151969,151971,151973,151975,151977,151979],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,151970,110],{"class":109},[69,151972,113],{"class":83},[69,151974,48620],{"class":1126},[69,151976,113],{"class":83},[69,151978,8840],{"class":121},[69,151980,342],{"class":83},[14,151982,151983],{},"returns only the keys:",[60,151985,151987],{"className":62,"code":151986,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"('a', 'b')\n",[17,151988,151989],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,151990,151991,151993,151995,151997,151999,152001,152003,152005,152007],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,151992,113],{"class":83},[69,151994,488],{"class":94},[69,151996,192],{"class":336},[69,151998,488],{"class":94},[69,152000,91],{"class":83},[69,152002,3161],{"class":94},[69,152004,4587],{"class":336},[69,152006,488],{"class":94},[69,152008,221],{"class":83},[14,152010,152011],{},"To get key-value pairs, use:",[60,152013,152015],{"className":62,"code":152014,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(tuple(data.items()))\n",[17,152016,152017],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,152018,152019,152021,152023,152025,152027,152029,152031,152033],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,152020,110],{"class":109},[69,152022,113],{"class":83},[69,152024,48620],{"class":1126},[69,152026,113],{"class":83},[69,152028,8840],{"class":121},[69,152030,25],{"class":83},[69,152032,7440],{"class":121},[69,152034,1130],{"class":83},[1369,152036,152038],{"id":152037},"thinking-parentheses-always-convert-to-a-tuple","Thinking parentheses always convert to a tuple",[14,152040,152041,152042,152044],{},"Parentheses can create tuples in many cases, but they do not behave the same as ",[17,152043,37708],{}," conversion.",[14,152046,244],{},[60,152048,152050],{"className":62,"code":152049,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(value)\n",[17,152051,152052,152072],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,152053,152054,152056,152058,152060,152062,152064,152066,152068,152070],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,152055,2313],{"class":75},[69,152057,80],{"class":79},[69,152059,8872],{"class":83},[69,152061,473],{"class":87},[69,152063,91],{"class":83},[69,152065,316],{"class":87},[69,152067,91],{"class":83},[69,152069,516],{"class":87},[69,152071,221],{"class":83},[69,152073,152074,152076,152078,152080],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,152075,110],{"class":109},[69,152077,113],{"class":83},[69,152079,2339],{"class":121},[69,152081,221],{"class":83},[14,152083,152084],{},"This creates a tuple directly.",[14,152086,25158,152087,152089],{},[17,152088,37708],{}," is specifically used to create an empty tuple or convert an iterable into a tuple.",[141,152091,1651],{"id":1650},[1369,152093,152095],{"id":152094},"what-does-tuple-do-in-python","What does tuple() do in Python?",[14,152097,152098],{},"It creates a tuple. With an iterable argument, it converts that iterable into a tuple.",[1369,152100,152102],{"id":152101},"what-does-tuple-return-with-no-argument","What does tuple() return with no argument?",[14,152104,152105,152106,25],{},"It returns an empty tuple: ",[17,152107,6994],{},[1369,152109,152111],{"id":152110},"can-tuple-convert-a-string","Can tuple() convert a string?",[14,152113,152114],{},"Yes. Each character becomes a separate item in the tuple.",[1369,152116,152118],{"id":152117},"why-does-tuplemy_dict-only-return-keys","Why does tuple(my_dict) only return keys?",[14,152120,152121],{},"Iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default.",[1369,152123,152125],{"id":152124},"can-i-use-tuple-on-an-integer","Can I use tuple() on an integer?",[14,152127,152128,152129,25],{},"No. An integer is not iterable, so Python raises a ",[17,152130,2870],{},[141,152132,1771],{"id":1770},[30,152134,152135,152139,152143,152147,152151,152155],{},[33,152136,152137],{},[192,152138,147661],{"href":147660},[33,152140,152141],{},[192,152142,150588],{"href":148964},[33,152144,152145],{},[192,152146,104725],{"href":59726},[33,152148,152149],{},[192,152150,151317],{"href":151316},[33,152152,152153],{},[192,152154,63221],{"href":63220},[33,152156,152157],{},[192,152158,61962],{"href":52268},[1802,152160,152161],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":152163},[152164,152165,152166,152167,152168,152175,152176,152177,152178,152184,152191],{"id":1869,"depth":106,"text":1870},{"id":150791,"depth":106,"text":150792},{"id":2023,"depth":106,"text":2024},{"id":149337,"depth":106,"text":149338},{"id":150960,"depth":106,"text":150961,"children":152169},[152170,152171,152172,152173,152174],{"id":150964,"depth":300,"text":150965},{"id":151052,"depth":300,"text":151053},{"id":151151,"depth":300,"text":151152},{"id":151231,"depth":300,"text":151232},{"id":151320,"depth":300,"text":151321},{"id":151425,"depth":106,"text":151426},{"id":151595,"depth":106,"text":151596},{"id":151689,"depth":106,"text":151690},{"id":114989,"depth":106,"text":114990,"children":152179},[152180,152181,152182,152183],{"id":151739,"depth":300,"text":151740},{"id":151790,"depth":300,"text":151791},{"id":151926,"depth":300,"text":151927},{"id":152037,"depth":300,"text":152038},{"id":1650,"depth":106,"text":1651,"children":152185},[152186,152187,152188,152189,152190],{"id":152094,"depth":300,"text":152095},{"id":152101,"depth":300,"text":152102},{"id":152110,"depth":300,"text":152111},{"id":152117,"depth":300,"text":152118},{"id":152124,"depth":300,"text":152125},{"id":1770,"depth":106,"text":1771},"Master python tuple function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained",{"title":150646,"description":152192},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained","pFeq5hNHdIKuIzk8wtloZhtsgtV1EfCv8EepPUEVHYk",{"id":152199,"title":152200,"body":152201,"description":153614,"extension":1828,"meta":153615,"navigation":833,"path":153616,"seo":153617,"stem":153618,"__hash__":153619},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method.md","Python Tuple index() Method",{"type":7,"value":152202,"toc":153586},[152203,152208,152213,152216,152218,152297,152303,152308,152312,152327,152329,152376,152378,152386,152394,152400,152402,152407,152427,152430,152457,152459,152483,152485,152627,152629,152633,152641,152644,152646,152723,152725,152733,152737,152741,152751,152761,152763,152768,152770,152829,152834,152836,152936,152938,152952,152957,152963,152970,152973,152975,153085,153089,153106,153108,153171,153173,153181,153193,153197,153202,153230,153233,153315,153317,153328,153330,153334,153361,153363,153365,153445,153453,153455,153510,153512,153517,153520,153524,153528,153530,153534,153538,153546,153553,153556,153558,153583],[10,152204,147545,152206,10962],{"id":152205},"python-tuple-index-method",[17,152207,58638],{},[14,152209,152210,152212],{},[17,152211,148866],{}," finds the position of a value inside a tuple.",[14,152214,152215],{},"It is useful when you know the value you want to search for and need its index. This method returns the first matching position and raises an error if the value is not found.",[141,152217,1870],{"id":1869},[60,152219,152221],{"className":62,"code":152220,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nposition = colors.index(\"blue\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[17,152222,152223,152263,152285],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,152224,152225,152227,152229,152231,152233,152235,152237,152239,152241,152243,152245,152247,152249,152251,152253,152255,152257,152259,152261],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,152226,12720],{"class":75},[69,152228,80],{"class":79},[69,152230,8872],{"class":83},[69,152232,333],{"class":94},[69,152234,12737],{"class":336},[69,152236,333],{"class":94},[69,152238,91],{"class":83},[69,152240,964],{"class":94},[69,152242,12754],{"class":336},[69,152244,333],{"class":94},[69,152246,91],{"class":83},[69,152248,964],{"class":94},[69,152250,17104],{"class":336},[69,152252,333],{"class":94},[69,152254,91],{"class":83},[69,152256,964],{"class":94},[69,152258,12754],{"class":336},[69,152260,333],{"class":94},[69,152262,221],{"class":83},[69,152264,152265,152267,152269,152271,152273,152275,152277,152279,152281,152283],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,152266,64591],{"class":75},[69,152268,80],{"class":79},[69,152270,12768],{"class":75},[69,152272,25],{"class":83},[69,152274,35505],{"class":121},[69,152276,113],{"class":83},[69,152278,333],{"class":94},[69,152280,12754],{"class":336},[69,152282,333],{"class":94},[69,152284,221],{"class":83},[69,152286,152287,152289,152291,152293,152295],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,152288,110],{"class":109},[69,152290,113],{"class":83},[69,152292,64618],{"class":121},[69,152294,3525],{"class":83},[69,152296,27433],{"class":128},[14,152298,152299,152302],{},[17,152300,152301],{},"tuple.index(value)"," returns the position of the first matching item.",[141,152304,3540,152306,3543],{"id":152305},"what-tupleindex-does",[17,152307,148866],{},[14,152309,1845,152310,11053],{},[17,152311,58638],{},[30,152313,152314,152317,152319,152322],{},[33,152315,152316],{},"Finds the position of a value inside a tuple",[33,152318,128143],{},[33,152320,152321],{},"Works only if the value exists in the tuple",[33,152323,152324,152325],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at index ",[17,152326,88],{},[14,152328,2076],{},[60,152330,152332],{"className":62,"code":152331,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 20)\nprint(numbers.index(20))\n",[17,152333,152334,152358],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,152335,152336,152338,152340,152342,152344,152346,152348,152350,152352,152354,152356],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,152337,801],{"class":75},[69,152339,80],{"class":79},[69,152341,8872],{"class":83},[69,152343,2197],{"class":87},[69,152345,91],{"class":83},[69,152347,7420],{"class":87},[69,152349,91],{"class":83},[69,152351,7425],{"class":87},[69,152353,91],{"class":83},[69,152355,7420],{"class":87},[69,152357,221],{"class":83},[69,152359,152360,152362,152364,152366,152368,152370,152372,152374],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,152361,110],{"class":109},[69,152363,113],{"class":83},[69,152365,3512],{"class":121},[69,152367,25],{"class":83},[69,152369,35505],{"class":121},[69,152371,113],{"class":83},[69,152373,15401],{"class":87},[69,152375,342],{"class":83},[14,152377,643],{},[60,152379,152380],{"className":62,"code":46583,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,152381,152382],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,152383,152384],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,152385,46583],{"class":87},[14,152387,20628,152388,152390,152391,152393],{},[17,152389,15401],{}," appears twice, ",[17,152392,58638],{}," returns only the first match.",[14,152395,150812,152396,25],{},[192,152397,152399],{"href":152398},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python","what a tuple is in Python",[141,152401,2024],{"id":2023},[14,152403,7392,152404,152406],{},[17,152405,58638],{}," in two ways:",[60,152408,152410],{"className":62,"code":152409,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"tuple_name.index(value)\n",[17,152411,152412],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,152413,152414,152417,152419,152421,152423,152425],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,152415,152416],{"class":75},"tuple_name",[69,152418,25],{"class":83},[69,152420,35505],{"class":121},[69,152422,113],{"class":83},[69,152424,2339],{"class":121},[69,152426,221],{"class":83},[14,152428,152429],{},"or:",[60,152431,152433],{"className":62,"code":152432,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"tuple_name.index(value, start, end)\n",[17,152434,152435],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,152436,152437,152439,152441,152443,152445,152447,152449,152451,152453,152455],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,152438,152416],{"class":75},[69,152440,25],{"class":83},[69,152442,35505],{"class":121},[69,152444,113],{"class":83},[69,152446,2339],{"class":121},[69,152448,91],{"class":83},[69,152450,35711],{"class":121},[69,152452,91],{"class":83},[69,152454,64712],{"class":121},[69,152456,221],{"class":83},[1369,152458,17043],{"id":17042},[30,152460,152461,152466,152471,152476],{},[33,152462,152463,152465],{},[17,152464,2339],{}," — the item to search for",[33,152467,152468,152470],{},[17,152469,35732],{}," — optional starting position",[33,152472,152473,152475],{},[17,152474,52329],{}," — optional ending position",[33,152477,152478,4610,152480,152482],{},[17,152479,52329],{},[22,152481,64741],{}," in the search",[14,152484,2076],{},[60,152486,152488],{"className":62,"code":152487,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\")\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # 1\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # 3\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 3))  # 1\n",[17,152489,152490,152538,152542,152567,152595],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,152491,152492,152494,152496,152498,152500,152502,152504,152506,152508,152510,152512,152514,152516,152518,152520,152522,152524,152526,152528,152530,152532,152534,152536],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,152493,35750],{"class":75},[69,152495,80],{"class":79},[69,152497,8872],{"class":83},[69,152499,333],{"class":94},[69,152501,192],{"class":336},[69,152503,333],{"class":94},[69,152505,91],{"class":83},[69,152507,964],{"class":94},[69,152509,4587],{"class":336},[69,152511,333],{"class":94},[69,152513,91],{"class":83},[69,152515,964],{"class":94},[69,152517,9376],{"class":336},[69,152519,333],{"class":94},[69,152521,91],{"class":83},[69,152523,964],{"class":94},[69,152525,4587],{"class":336},[69,152527,333],{"class":94},[69,152529,91],{"class":83},[69,152531,964],{"class":94},[69,152533,18417],{"class":336},[69,152535,333],{"class":94},[69,152537,221],{"class":83},[69,152539,152540],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,152541,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,152543,152544,152546,152548,152550,152552,152554,152556,152558,152560,152562,152564],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,152545,110],{"class":109},[69,152547,113],{"class":83},[69,152549,35803],{"class":121},[69,152551,25],{"class":83},[69,152553,35505],{"class":121},[69,152555,113],{"class":83},[69,152557,333],{"class":94},[69,152559,4587],{"class":336},[69,152561,333],{"class":94},[69,152563,125],{"class":83},[69,152565,152566],{"class":128},"        # 1\n",[69,152568,152569,152571,152573,152575,152577,152579,152581,152583,152585,152587,152589,152591,152593],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,152570,110],{"class":109},[69,152572,113],{"class":83},[69,152574,35803],{"class":121},[69,152576,25],{"class":83},[69,152578,35505],{"class":121},[69,152580,113],{"class":83},[69,152582,333],{"class":94},[69,152584,4587],{"class":336},[69,152586,333],{"class":94},[69,152588,91],{"class":83},[69,152590,316],{"class":87},[69,152592,125],{"class":83},[69,152594,50586],{"class":128},[69,152596,152597,152599,152601,152603,152605,152607,152609,152611,152613,152615,152617,152619,152621,152623,152625],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,152598,110],{"class":109},[69,152600,113],{"class":83},[69,152602,35803],{"class":121},[69,152604,25],{"class":83},[69,152606,35505],{"class":121},[69,152608,113],{"class":83},[69,152610,333],{"class":94},[69,152612,4587],{"class":336},[69,152614,333],{"class":94},[69,152616,91],{"class":83},[69,152618,272],{"class":87},[69,152620,91],{"class":83},[69,152622,516],{"class":87},[69,152624,125],{"class":83},[69,152626,27433],{"class":128},[141,152628,103052],{"id":103051},[14,152630,152631,25161],{},[17,152632,148866],{},[30,152634,152635,152638],{},[33,152636,152637],{},"An integer",[33,152639,152640],{},"The position of the first matching item",[14,152642,152643],{},"If the value appears more than once, later matches are ignored.",[14,152645,2076],{},[60,152647,152649],{"className":62,"code":152648,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"animals = (\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\", \"dog\")\nresult = animals.index(\"dog\")\nprint(result)\n",[17,152650,152651,152691,152713],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,152652,152653,152655,152657,152659,152661,152663,152665,152667,152669,152671,152673,152675,152677,152679,152681,152683,152685,152687,152689],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,152654,108151],{"class":75},[69,152656,80],{"class":79},[69,152658,8872],{"class":83},[69,152660,333],{"class":94},[69,152662,36708],{"class":336},[69,152664,333],{"class":94},[69,152666,91],{"class":83},[69,152668,964],{"class":94},[69,152670,57797],{"class":336},[69,152672,333],{"class":94},[69,152674,91],{"class":83},[69,152676,964],{"class":94},[69,152678,57814],{"class":336},[69,152680,333],{"class":94},[69,152682,91],{"class":83},[69,152684,964],{"class":94},[69,152686,57797],{"class":336},[69,152688,333],{"class":94},[69,152690,221],{"class":83},[69,152692,152693,152695,152697,152699,152701,152703,152705,152707,152709,152711],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,152694,839],{"class":75},[69,152696,80],{"class":79},[69,152698,108194],{"class":75},[69,152700,25],{"class":83},[69,152702,35505],{"class":121},[69,152704,113],{"class":83},[69,152706,333],{"class":94},[69,152708,57797],{"class":336},[69,152710,333],{"class":94},[69,152712,221],{"class":83},[69,152714,152715,152717,152719,152721],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,152716,110],{"class":109},[69,152718,113],{"class":83},[69,152720,876],{"class":121},[69,152722,221],{"class":83},[14,152724,643],{},[60,152726,152727],{"className":62,"code":46583,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,152728,152729],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,152730,152731],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,152732,46583],{"class":87},[141,152734,152736],{"id":152735},"when-to-use-it","When to use it",[14,152738,132,152739,10239],{},[17,152740,148866],{},[30,152742,152743,152745,152748],{},[33,152744,65770],{},[33,152746,152747],{},"You want to find where an item first appears",[33,152749,152750],{},"You are working with a small fixed collection stored as a tuple",[14,152752,152753,152754,152757,152758,25],{},"If you already know the position, use normal tuple indexing instead, such as ",[17,152755,152756],{},"my_tuple[0]",". For a full explanation, see ",[192,152759,149334],{"href":152760},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained",[141,152762,65302],{"id":65301},[14,152764,152765,152766,25],{},"If the value is not in the tuple, Python raises a ",[17,152767,40367],{},[14,152769,2076],{},[60,152771,152773],{"className":62,"code":152772,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\n",[17,152774,152775,152807],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,152776,152777,152779,152781,152783,152785,152787,152789,152791,152793,152795,152797,152799,152801,152803,152805],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,152778,12720],{"class":75},[69,152780,80],{"class":79},[69,152782,8872],{"class":83},[69,152784,333],{"class":94},[69,152786,12737],{"class":336},[69,152788,333],{"class":94},[69,152790,91],{"class":83},[69,152792,964],{"class":94},[69,152794,12754],{"class":336},[69,152796,333],{"class":94},[69,152798,91],{"class":83},[69,152800,964],{"class":94},[69,152802,17104],{"class":336},[69,152804,333],{"class":94},[69,152806,221],{"class":83},[69,152808,152809,152811,152813,152815,152817,152819,152821,152823,152825,152827],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,152810,110],{"class":109},[69,152812,113],{"class":83},[69,152814,17151],{"class":121},[69,152816,25],{"class":83},[69,152818,35505],{"class":121},[69,152820,113],{"class":83},[69,152822,333],{"class":94},[69,152824,22175],{"class":336},[69,152826,333],{"class":94},[69,152828,342],{"class":83},[14,152830,39316,152831,152833],{},[17,152832,109476],{}," is not in the tuple.",[14,152835,65377],{},[60,152837,152839],{"className":62,"code":152838,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\n\nif \"yellow\" in colors:\n    print(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[17,152840,152841,152873,152877,152893,152915,152921],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,152842,152843,152845,152847,152849,152851,152853,152855,152857,152859,152861,152863,152865,152867,152869,152871],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,152844,12720],{"class":75},[69,152846,80],{"class":79},[69,152848,8872],{"class":83},[69,152850,333],{"class":94},[69,152852,12737],{"class":336},[69,152854,333],{"class":94},[69,152856,91],{"class":83},[69,152858,964],{"class":94},[69,152860,12754],{"class":336},[69,152862,333],{"class":94},[69,152864,91],{"class":83},[69,152866,964],{"class":94},[69,152868,17104],{"class":336},[69,152870,333],{"class":94},[69,152872,221],{"class":83},[69,152874,152875],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,152876,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,152878,152879,152881,152883,152885,152887,152889,152891],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,152880,6625],{"class":773},[69,152882,964],{"class":94},[69,152884,22175],{"class":336},[69,152886,333],{"class":94},[69,152888,20824],{"class":79},[69,152890,12768],{"class":75},[69,152892,1235],{"class":83},[69,152894,152895,152897,152899,152901,152903,152905,152907,152909,152911,152913],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,152896,7700],{"class":109},[69,152898,113],{"class":83},[69,152900,17151],{"class":121},[69,152902,25],{"class":83},[69,152904,35505],{"class":121},[69,152906,113],{"class":83},[69,152908,333],{"class":94},[69,152910,22175],{"class":336},[69,152912,333],{"class":94},[69,152914,342],{"class":83},[69,152916,152917,152919],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,152918,27087],{"class":773},[69,152920,1235],{"class":83},[69,152922,152923,152925,152927,152929,152932,152934],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,152924,7700],{"class":109},[69,152926,113],{"class":83},[69,152928,333],{"class":94},[69,152930,152931],{"class":336},"Value not found",[69,152933,333],{"class":94},[69,152935,221],{"class":83},[14,152937,643],{},[60,152939,152941],{"className":62,"code":152940,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Value not found\n",[17,152942,152943],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,152944,152945,152948,152950],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,152946,152947],{"class":75},"Value ",[69,152949,4457],{"class":79},[69,152951,65501],{"class":75},[14,152953,152954,152955,25],{},"If you want to learn more about this kind of error, see ",[192,152956,65511],{"href":65510},[141,152958,8050,152959,587,152961],{"id":65078},[17,152960,35732],{},[17,152962,52329],{},[14,152964,1845,152965,587,152967,152969],{},[17,152966,35732],{},[17,152968,52329],{}," arguments let you search only part of a tuple.",[14,152971,152972],{},"This is helpful when the same value appears multiple times.",[14,152974,2076],{},[60,152976,152978],{"className":62,"code":152977,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5))        # 0\nprint(values.index(5, 1))     # 2\nprint(values.index(5, 3, 5))  # 4\n",[17,152979,152980,153008,153012,153033,153057],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,152981,152982,152984,152986,152988,152990,152992,152994,152996,152998,153000,153002,153004,153006],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,152983,76],{"class":75},[69,152985,80],{"class":79},[69,152987,8872],{"class":83},[69,152989,670],{"class":87},[69,152991,91],{"class":83},[69,152993,826],{"class":87},[69,152995,91],{"class":83},[69,152997,100],{"class":87},[69,152999,91],{"class":83},[69,153001,7420],{"class":87},[69,153003,91],{"class":83},[69,153005,100],{"class":87},[69,153007,221],{"class":83},[69,153009,153010],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,153011,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,153013,153014,153016,153018,153020,153022,153024,153026,153028,153030],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,153015,110],{"class":109},[69,153017,113],{"class":83},[69,153019,122],{"class":121},[69,153021,25],{"class":83},[69,153023,35505],{"class":121},[69,153025,113],{"class":83},[69,153027,670],{"class":87},[69,153029,125],{"class":83},[69,153031,153032],{"class":128},"        # 0\n",[69,153034,153035,153037,153039,153041,153043,153045,153047,153049,153051,153053,153055],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,153036,110],{"class":109},[69,153038,113],{"class":83},[69,153040,122],{"class":121},[69,153042,25],{"class":83},[69,153044,35505],{"class":121},[69,153046,113],{"class":83},[69,153048,670],{"class":87},[69,153050,91],{"class":83},[69,153052,272],{"class":87},[69,153054,125],{"class":83},[69,153056,50620],{"class":128},[69,153058,153059,153061,153063,153065,153067,153069,153071,153073,153075,153077,153079,153081,153083],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,153060,110],{"class":109},[69,153062,113],{"class":83},[69,153064,122],{"class":121},[69,153066,25],{"class":83},[69,153068,35505],{"class":121},[69,153070,113],{"class":83},[69,153072,670],{"class":87},[69,153074,91],{"class":83},[69,153076,516],{"class":87},[69,153078,91],{"class":83},[69,153080,100],{"class":87},[69,153082,125],{"class":83},[69,153084,50603],{"class":128},[1369,153086,153088],{"id":153087},"how-it-works","How it works",[30,153090,153091,153096,153101],{},[33,153092,153093,153095],{},[17,153094,35732],{}," tells Python where to begin searching",[33,153097,153098,153100],{},[17,153099,52329],{}," tells Python where to stop searching",[33,153102,1845,153103,153105],{},[17,153104,52329],{}," position itself is not included",[14,153107,2076],{},[60,153109,153111],{"className":62,"code":153110,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5, 1, 4))\n",[17,153112,153113,153141,153145],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,153114,153115,153117,153119,153121,153123,153125,153127,153129,153131,153133,153135,153137,153139],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,153116,76],{"class":75},[69,153118,80],{"class":79},[69,153120,8872],{"class":83},[69,153122,670],{"class":87},[69,153124,91],{"class":83},[69,153126,826],{"class":87},[69,153128,91],{"class":83},[69,153130,100],{"class":87},[69,153132,91],{"class":83},[69,153134,7420],{"class":87},[69,153136,91],{"class":83},[69,153138,100],{"class":87},[69,153140,221],{"class":83},[69,153142,153143],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,153144,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,153146,153147,153149,153151,153153,153155,153157,153159,153161,153163,153165,153167,153169],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,153148,110],{"class":109},[69,153150,113],{"class":83},[69,153152,122],{"class":121},[69,153154,25],{"class":83},[69,153156,35505],{"class":121},[69,153158,113],{"class":83},[69,153160,670],{"class":87},[69,153162,91],{"class":83},[69,153164,272],{"class":87},[69,153166,91],{"class":83},[69,153168,2323],{"class":87},[69,153170,342],{"class":83},[14,153172,643],{},[60,153174,153175],{"className":62,"code":16704,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,153176,153177],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,153178,153179],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,153180,16704],{"class":87},[14,153182,153183,153184,2057,153186,16720,153188,153190,153191,25],{},"Python searches positions ",[17,153185,473],{},[17,153187,821],{},[17,153189,1929],{},", but not ",[17,153192,808],{},[141,153194,153196],{"id":153195},"beginner-tips","Beginner tips",[14,153198,153199,153200,1044],{},"Keep these points in mind when using ",[17,153201,148866],{},[30,153203,153204,153212,153217,153224],{},[33,153205,153206,153207,153209,153210],{},"Do not confuse the ",[22,153208,2339],{}," with the ",[22,153211,35505],{},[33,153213,153214,153215],{},"Remember that indexing starts at ",[17,153216,88],{},[33,153218,132,153219,153223],{},[192,153220,148892,153221,10379],{"href":148944},[17,153222,56960],{}," if you need to know how many times a value appears",[33,153225,153226,153227,153229],{},"Use normal indexing like ",[17,153228,152756],{}," when you already know the position",[14,153231,153232],{},"Example of value vs index:",[60,153234,153236],{"className":62,"code":153235,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits.index(\"banana\"))  # 1\nprint(fruits[1])               # banana\n",[17,153237,153238,153270,153274,153298],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,153239,153240,153242,153244,153246,153248,153250,153252,153254,153256,153258,153260,153262,153264,153266,153268],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,153241,35899],{"class":75},[69,153243,80],{"class":79},[69,153245,8872],{"class":83},[69,153247,333],{"class":94},[69,153249,952],{"class":336},[69,153251,333],{"class":94},[69,153253,91],{"class":83},[69,153255,964],{"class":94},[69,153257,967],{"class":336},[69,153259,333],{"class":94},[69,153261,91],{"class":83},[69,153263,964],{"class":94},[69,153265,32877],{"class":336},[69,153267,333],{"class":94},[69,153269,221],{"class":83},[69,153271,153272],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,153273,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,153275,153276,153278,153280,153282,153284,153286,153288,153290,153292,153294,153296],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,153277,110],{"class":109},[69,153279,113],{"class":83},[69,153281,35951],{"class":121},[69,153283,25],{"class":83},[69,153285,35505],{"class":121},[69,153287,113],{"class":83},[69,153289,333],{"class":94},[69,153291,967],{"class":336},[69,153293,333],{"class":94},[69,153295,125],{"class":83},[69,153297,27433],{"class":128},[69,153299,153300,153302,153304,153306,153308,153310,153312],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,153301,110],{"class":109},[69,153303,113],{"class":83},[69,153305,35951],{"class":121},[69,153307,3739],{"class":83},[69,153309,473],{"class":87},[69,153311,20096],{"class":83},[69,153313,153314],{"class":128},"               # banana\n",[14,153316,2046],{},[30,153318,153319,153323],{},[33,153320,153321,14893],{},[17,153322,64946],{},[33,153324,153325,153327],{},[17,153326,473],{}," is the index",[141,153329,2698],{"id":2697},[14,153331,105790,153332,1044],{},[17,153333,148866],{},[30,153335,153336,153339,153344,153349,153356],{},[33,153337,153338],{},"Searching for a value that is not inside the tuple",[33,153340,8086,153341,153343],{},[17,153342,58638],{}," to return all matching positions",[33,153345,153346,153347],{},"Forgetting that the first item is at index ",[17,153348,88],{},[33,153350,153351,153352,587,153354],{},"Using the wrong search range with ",[17,153353,35732],{},[17,153355,52329],{},[33,153357,36865,153358,153360],{},[17,153359,148866],{}," with similar methods on strings or lists",[1369,153362,60381],{"id":60380},[14,153364,94052],{},[60,153366,153368],{"className":62,"code":153367,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(value in my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple.count(value))\nprint(my_tuple.index(value))\n",[17,153369,153370,153380,153394,153409,153427],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,153371,153372,153374,153376,153378],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,153373,110],{"class":109},[69,153375,113],{"class":83},[69,153377,147679],{"class":121},[69,153379,221],{"class":83},[69,153381,153382,153384,153386,153388,153390,153392],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,153383,110],{"class":109},[69,153385,113],{"class":83},[69,153387,10801],{"class":109},[69,153389,113],{"class":83},[69,153391,147679],{"class":121},[69,153393,342],{"class":83},[69,153395,153396,153398,153400,153402,153404,153407],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,153397,110],{"class":109},[69,153399,113],{"class":83},[69,153401,2313],{"class":121},[69,153403,780],{"class":773},[69,153405,153406],{"class":121}," my_tuple",[69,153408,221],{"class":83},[69,153410,153411,153413,153415,153417,153419,153421,153423,153425],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,153412,110],{"class":109},[69,153414,113],{"class":83},[69,153416,147679],{"class":121},[69,153418,25],{"class":83},[69,153420,40923],{"class":121},[69,153422,113],{"class":83},[69,153424,2339],{"class":121},[69,153426,342],{"class":83},[69,153428,153429,153431,153433,153435,153437,153439,153441,153443],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,153430,110],{"class":109},[69,153432,113],{"class":83},[69,153434,147679],{"class":121},[69,153436,25],{"class":83},[69,153438,35505],{"class":121},[69,153440,113],{"class":83},[69,153442,2339],{"class":121},[69,153444,342],{"class":83},[14,153446,153447,153448,84069,153450,153452],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will raise a ",[17,153449,40367],{},[17,153451,2339],{}," is missing.",[14,153454,129296],{},[60,153456,153458],{"className":62,"code":153457,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"if value in my_tuple:\n    print(my_tuple.index(value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[17,153459,153460,153472,153490,153496],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,153461,153462,153464,153466,153468,153470],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,153463,6625],{"class":773},[69,153465,21235],{"class":75},[69,153467,780],{"class":79},[69,153469,153406],{"class":75},[69,153471,1235],{"class":83},[69,153473,153474,153476,153478,153480,153482,153484,153486,153488],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,153475,7700],{"class":109},[69,153477,113],{"class":83},[69,153479,147679],{"class":121},[69,153481,25],{"class":83},[69,153483,35505],{"class":121},[69,153485,113],{"class":83},[69,153487,2339],{"class":121},[69,153489,342],{"class":83},[69,153491,153492,153494],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,153493,27087],{"class":773},[69,153495,1235],{"class":83},[69,153497,153498,153500,153502,153504,153506,153508],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,153499,7700],{"class":109},[69,153501,113],{"class":83},[69,153503,333],{"class":94},[69,153505,152931],{"class":336},[69,153507,333],{"class":94},[69,153509,221],{"class":83},[141,153511,1651],{"id":1650},[1369,153513,4969,153515,12359],{"id":153514},"what-does-tupleindex-return",[17,153516,148866],{},[14,153518,153519],{},"It returns the index of the first matching value in the tuple.",[1369,153521,153523],{"id":153522},"what-if-the-value-appears-more-than-once","What if the value appears more than once?",[14,153525,153526,152393],{},[17,153527,148866],{},[1369,153529,148845],{"id":148844},[14,153531,76530,153532,25],{},[17,153533,40367],{},[1369,153535,153537],{"id":153536},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-tuple","Can I search only part of a tuple?",[14,153539,153540,153541,587,153543,153545],{},"Yes. You can use ",[17,153542,35732],{},[17,153544,52329],{}," arguments to limit the search.",[1369,153547,14549,153549,56875,153551,2359],{"id":153548},"is-tupleindex-the-same-as-listindex",[17,153550,148866],{},[17,153552,64537],{},[14,153554,153555],{},"They work in a very similar way, but one is for tuples and the other is for lists.",[141,153557,1771],{"id":1770},[30,153559,153560,153566,153570,153575,153579],{},[33,153561,153562],{},[192,153563,148892,153564,10379],{"href":148944},[17,153565,56960],{},[33,153567,153568],{},[192,153569,149334],{"href":152760},[33,153571,153572],{},[192,153573,153574],{"href":150640},"Creating a tuple in Python",[33,153576,153577],{},[192,153578,65511],{"href":65510},[33,153580,153581],{},[192,153582,150588],{"href":152398},[1802,153584,153585],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":153587},[153588,153589,153591,153594,153595,153596,153597,153600,153601,153604,153613],{"id":1869,"depth":106,"text":1870},{"id":152305,"depth":106,"text":153590},"What tuple.index() does",{"id":2023,"depth":106,"text":2024,"children":153592},[153593],{"id":17042,"depth":300,"text":17043},{"id":103051,"depth":106,"text":103052},{"id":152735,"depth":106,"text":152736},{"id":65301,"depth":106,"text":65302},{"id":65078,"depth":106,"text":65861,"children":153598},[153599],{"id":153087,"depth":300,"text":153088},{"id":153195,"depth":106,"text":153196},{"id":2697,"depth":106,"text":2698,"children":153602},[153603],{"id":60380,"depth":300,"text":60381},{"id":1650,"depth":106,"text":1651,"children":153605},[153606,153608,153609,153610,153611],{"id":153514,"depth":300,"text":153607},"What does tuple.index() return?",{"id":153522,"depth":300,"text":153523},{"id":148844,"depth":300,"text":148845},{"id":153536,"depth":300,"text":153537},{"id":153548,"depth":300,"text":153612},"Is tuple.index() the same as list.index()?",{"id":1770,"depth":106,"text":1771},"Master python tuple index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method",{"title":152200,"description":153614},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method","hFeA-En5My_vANu8tP2TUrxcbB-PyXux8kIT29TBrmo",{"id":153621,"title":153622,"body":153623,"description":155018,"extension":1828,"meta":155019,"navigation":833,"path":152760,"seo":155020,"stem":155021,"__hash__":155022},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained.md","Python Tuple Indexing Explained",{"type":7,"value":153624,"toc":155000},[153625,153628,153631,153634,153648,153650,153653,153747,153757,153763,153767,153770,153773,153775,153793,153795,153866,153868,153885,153889,153893,153896,153913,153916,153931,153933,154024,154027,154031,154034,154051,154053,154148,154151,154154,154158,154161,154255,154257,154276,154279,154283,154286,154288,154343,154345,154380,154383,154397,154405,154498,154507,154511,154514,154521,154524,154571,154573,154581,154584,154635,154637,154654,154659,154663,154666,154669,154671,154722,154725,154780,154783,154786,154788,154791,154811,154813,154886,154889,154902,154904,154908,154913,154917,154922,154939,154943,154946,154963,154967,154970,154972,154997],[10,153626,153622],{"id":153627},"python-tuple-indexing-explained",[14,153629,153630],{},"Tuple indexing is how you access one item in a tuple by its position.",[14,153632,153633],{},"Use this when you want to read a specific value from a tuple. On this page, the focus is on:",[30,153635,153636,153639,153642,153645],{},[33,153637,153638],{},"positive indexes",[33,153640,153641],{},"negative indexes",[33,153643,153644],{},"common indexing mistakes",[33,153646,153647],{},"what happens when an index does not exist",[141,153649,3473],{"id":3472},[14,153651,153652],{},"Use square brackets with a number after the tuple name.",[60,153654,153656],{"className":62,"code":153655,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n\nprint(colors[0])   # red\nprint(colors[1])   # green\nprint(colors[-1])  # blue\n",[17,153657,153658,153690,153694,153711,153728],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,153659,153660,153662,153664,153666,153668,153670,153672,153674,153676,153678,153680,153682,153684,153686,153688],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,153661,12720],{"class":75},[69,153663,80],{"class":79},[69,153665,8872],{"class":83},[69,153667,333],{"class":94},[69,153669,12737],{"class":336},[69,153671,333],{"class":94},[69,153673,91],{"class":83},[69,153675,964],{"class":94},[69,153677,17104],{"class":336},[69,153679,333],{"class":94},[69,153681,91],{"class":83},[69,153683,964],{"class":94},[69,153685,12754],{"class":336},[69,153687,333],{"class":94},[69,153689,221],{"class":83},[69,153691,153692],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,153693,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,153695,153696,153698,153700,153702,153704,153706,153708],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,153697,110],{"class":109},[69,153699,113],{"class":83},[69,153701,17151],{"class":121},[69,153703,3739],{"class":83},[69,153705,88],{"class":87},[69,153707,20096],{"class":83},[69,153709,153710],{"class":128},"   # red\n",[69,153712,153713,153715,153717,153719,153721,153723,153725],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,153714,110],{"class":109},[69,153716,113],{"class":83},[69,153718,17151],{"class":121},[69,153720,3739],{"class":83},[69,153722,473],{"class":87},[69,153724,20096],{"class":83},[69,153726,153727],{"class":128},"   # green\n",[69,153729,153730,153732,153734,153736,153738,153740,153742,153744],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,153731,110],{"class":109},[69,153733,113],{"class":83},[69,153735,17151],{"class":121},[69,153737,3739],{"class":83},[69,153739,1889],{"class":79},[69,153741,473],{"class":87},[69,153743,20096],{"class":83},[69,153745,153746],{"class":128},"  # blue\n",[30,153748,153749,153754],{},[33,153750,132085,153751,153753],{},[17,153752,88],{}," is the first item.",[33,153755,153756],{},"Negative indexes count from the end.",[14,153758,153759,153760,25],{},"If you need help creating tuples first, see ",[192,153761,153762],{"href":147664},"how to create a tuple in Python",[141,153764,153766],{"id":153765},"what-tuple-indexing-means","What tuple indexing means",[14,153768,153769],{},"An index is the position of an item in a tuple.",[14,153771,153772],{},"Tuple indexing works because tuples are ordered. That means each item has a fixed position.",[14,153774,11099],{},[30,153776,153777,153780,153787,153790],{},[33,153778,153779],{},"An index tells Python which item you want",[33,153781,153782,153783,18613,153785],{},"Python starts counting at ",[17,153784,88],{},[17,153786,473],{},[33,153788,153789],{},"Indexing reads one item at a time",[33,153791,153792],{},"The tuple itself does not change when you read from it",[14,153794,2076],{},[60,153796,153798],{"className":62,"code":153797,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[0])\nprint(numbers[1])\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[17,153799,153800,153820,153824,153838,153852],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,153801,153802,153804,153806,153808,153810,153812,153814,153816,153818],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,153803,801],{"class":75},[69,153805,80],{"class":79},[69,153807,8872],{"class":83},[69,153809,2197],{"class":87},[69,153811,91],{"class":83},[69,153813,7420],{"class":87},[69,153815,91],{"class":83},[69,153817,7425],{"class":87},[69,153819,221],{"class":83},[69,153821,153822],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,153823,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,153825,153826,153828,153830,153832,153834,153836],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,153827,110],{"class":109},[69,153829,113],{"class":83},[69,153831,3512],{"class":121},[69,153833,3739],{"class":83},[69,153835,88],{"class":87},[69,153837,3727],{"class":83},[69,153839,153840,153842,153844,153846,153848,153850],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,153841,110],{"class":109},[69,153843,113],{"class":83},[69,153845,3512],{"class":121},[69,153847,3739],{"class":83},[69,153849,473],{"class":87},[69,153851,3727],{"class":83},[69,153853,153854,153856,153858,153860,153862,153864],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,153855,110],{"class":109},[69,153857,113],{"class":83},[69,153859,3512],{"class":121},[69,153861,3739],{"class":83},[69,153863,821],{"class":87},[69,153865,3727],{"class":83},[14,153867,643],{},[60,153869,153871],{"className":62,"code":153870,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"10\n20\n30\n",[17,153872,153873,153877,153881],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,153874,153875],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,153876,2243],{"class":87},[69,153878,153879],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,153880,70896],{"class":87},[69,153882,153883],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,153884,69512],{"class":87},[14,153886,59063,153887,25],{},[192,153888,147661],{"href":147660},[141,153890,153892],{"id":153891},"how-positive-indexes-work","How positive indexes work",[14,153894,153895],{},"Positive indexes count from the beginning of the tuple.",[30,153897,153898,153903,153908],{},[33,153899,153900,153902],{},[17,153901,88],{}," = first item",[33,153904,153905,153907],{},[17,153906,473],{}," = second item",[33,153909,153910,153912],{},[17,153911,821],{}," = third item",[14,153914,153915],{},"Pattern:",[60,153917,153919],{"className":62,"code":153918,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"tuple_name[index]\n",[17,153920,153921],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,153922,153923,153925,153927,153929],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,153924,152416],{"class":75},[69,153926,3739],{"class":83},[69,153928,35505],{"class":75},[69,153930,103],{"class":83},[14,153932,2076],{},[60,153934,153936],{"className":62,"code":153935,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[0])  # apple\nprint(fruits[1])  # banana\nprint(fruits[2])  # cherry\n",[17,153937,153938,153970,153974,153991,154007],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,153939,153940,153942,153944,153946,153948,153950,153952,153954,153956,153958,153960,153962,153964,153966,153968],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,153941,35899],{"class":75},[69,153943,80],{"class":79},[69,153945,8872],{"class":83},[69,153947,333],{"class":94},[69,153949,952],{"class":336},[69,153951,333],{"class":94},[69,153953,91],{"class":83},[69,153955,964],{"class":94},[69,153957,967],{"class":336},[69,153959,333],{"class":94},[69,153961,91],{"class":83},[69,153963,964],{"class":94},[69,153965,3930],{"class":336},[69,153967,333],{"class":94},[69,153969,221],{"class":83},[69,153971,153972],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,153973,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,153975,153976,153978,153980,153982,153984,153986,153988],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,153977,110],{"class":109},[69,153979,113],{"class":83},[69,153981,35951],{"class":121},[69,153983,3739],{"class":83},[69,153985,88],{"class":87},[69,153987,20096],{"class":83},[69,153989,153990],{"class":128},"  # apple\n",[69,153992,153993,153995,153997,153999,154001,154003,154005],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,153994,110],{"class":109},[69,153996,113],{"class":83},[69,153998,35951],{"class":121},[69,154000,3739],{"class":83},[69,154002,473],{"class":87},[69,154004,20096],{"class":83},[69,154006,51154],{"class":128},[69,154008,154009,154011,154013,154015,154017,154019,154021],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,154010,110],{"class":109},[69,154012,113],{"class":83},[69,154014,35951],{"class":121},[69,154016,3739],{"class":83},[69,154018,821],{"class":87},[69,154020,20096],{"class":83},[69,154022,154023],{"class":128},"  # cherry\n",[14,154025,154026],{},"This is the most common way to access tuple items when you know the position from the start.",[141,154028,154030],{"id":154029},"how-negative-indexes-work","How negative indexes work",[14,154032,154033],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the tuple.",[30,154035,154036,154041,154046],{},[33,154037,154038,154040],{},[17,154039,65526],{}," = last item",[33,154042,154043,154045],{},[17,154044,95082],{}," = second-to-last item",[33,154047,154048,154050],{},[17,154049,47337],{}," = third-to-last item",[14,154052,2076],{},[60,154054,154056],{"className":62,"code":154055,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[-1])  # cherry\nprint(fruits[-2])  # banana\nprint(fruits[-3])  # apple\n",[17,154057,154058,154090,154094,154112,154130],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,154059,154060,154062,154064,154066,154068,154070,154072,154074,154076,154078,154080,154082,154084,154086,154088],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,154061,35899],{"class":75},[69,154063,80],{"class":79},[69,154065,8872],{"class":83},[69,154067,333],{"class":94},[69,154069,952],{"class":336},[69,154071,333],{"class":94},[69,154073,91],{"class":83},[69,154075,964],{"class":94},[69,154077,967],{"class":336},[69,154079,333],{"class":94},[69,154081,91],{"class":83},[69,154083,964],{"class":94},[69,154085,3930],{"class":336},[69,154087,333],{"class":94},[69,154089,221],{"class":83},[69,154091,154092],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,154093,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,154095,154096,154098,154100,154102,154104,154106,154108,154110],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,154097,110],{"class":109},[69,154099,113],{"class":83},[69,154101,35951],{"class":121},[69,154103,3739],{"class":83},[69,154105,1889],{"class":79},[69,154107,473],{"class":87},[69,154109,20096],{"class":83},[69,154111,154023],{"class":128},[69,154113,154114,154116,154118,154120,154122,154124,154126,154128],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,154115,110],{"class":109},[69,154117,113],{"class":83},[69,154119,35951],{"class":121},[69,154121,3739],{"class":83},[69,154123,1889],{"class":79},[69,154125,821],{"class":87},[69,154127,20096],{"class":83},[69,154129,51154],{"class":128},[69,154131,154132,154134,154136,154138,154140,154142,154144,154146],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,154133,110],{"class":109},[69,154135,113],{"class":83},[69,154137,35951],{"class":121},[69,154139,3739],{"class":83},[69,154141,1889],{"class":79},[69,154143,1929],{"class":87},[69,154145,20096],{"class":83},[69,154147,153990],{"class":128},[14,154149,154150],{},"Negative indexing is useful when you need the last item but do not want to calculate its position manually.",[14,154152,154153],{},"This is especially helpful when the tuple size may change.",[141,154155,154157],{"id":154156},"example-with-a-simple-tuple","Example with a simple tuple",[14,154159,154160],{},"Here is a simple example that reads the first, middle, and last item from a tuple.",[60,154162,154164],{"className":62,"code":154163,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"names = (\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\")\n\nprint(names[0])   # first item\nprint(names[1])   # middle item\nprint(names[-1])  # last item\n",[17,154165,154166,154198,154202,154219,154236],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,154167,154168,154170,154172,154174,154176,154178,154180,154182,154184,154186,154188,154190,154192,154194,154196],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,154169,4822],{"class":75},[69,154171,80],{"class":79},[69,154173,8872],{"class":83},[69,154175,333],{"class":94},[69,154177,12524],{"class":336},[69,154179,333],{"class":94},[69,154181,91],{"class":83},[69,154183,964],{"class":94},[69,154185,35600],{"class":336},[69,154187,333],{"class":94},[69,154189,91],{"class":83},[69,154191,964],{"class":94},[69,154193,35609],{"class":336},[69,154195,333],{"class":94},[69,154197,221],{"class":83},[69,154199,154200],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,154201,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,154203,154204,154206,154208,154210,154212,154214,154216],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,154205,110],{"class":109},[69,154207,113],{"class":83},[69,154209,4866],{"class":121},[69,154211,3739],{"class":83},[69,154213,88],{"class":87},[69,154215,20096],{"class":83},[69,154217,154218],{"class":128},"   # first item\n",[69,154220,154221,154223,154225,154227,154229,154231,154233],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,154222,110],{"class":109},[69,154224,113],{"class":83},[69,154226,4866],{"class":121},[69,154228,3739],{"class":83},[69,154230,473],{"class":87},[69,154232,20096],{"class":83},[69,154234,154235],{"class":128},"   # middle item\n",[69,154237,154238,154240,154242,154244,154246,154248,154250,154252],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,154239,110],{"class":109},[69,154241,113],{"class":83},[69,154243,4866],{"class":121},[69,154245,3739],{"class":83},[69,154247,1889],{"class":79},[69,154249,473],{"class":87},[69,154251,20096],{"class":83},[69,154253,154254],{"class":128},"  # last item\n",[14,154256,643],{},[60,154258,154260],{"className":62,"code":154259,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Ana\nBen\nCara\n",[17,154261,154262,154266,154271],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,154263,154264],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,154265,49707],{"class":75},[69,154267,154268],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,154269,154270],{"class":75},"Ben\n",[69,154272,154273],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,154274,154275],{"class":75},"Cara\n",[14,154277,154278],{},"Notice that indexing only reads values. It does not modify the tuple.",[141,154280,154282],{"id":154281},"indexerror-when-the-position-does-not-exist","IndexError when the position does not exist",[14,154284,154285],{},"If you try to access an index that is outside the tuple length, Python raises an error.",[14,154287,2076],{},[60,154289,154291],{"className":62,"code":154290,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(letters[5])\n",[17,154292,154293,154325,154329],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,154294,154295,154297,154299,154301,154303,154305,154307,154309,154311,154313,154315,154317,154319,154321,154323],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,154296,35750],{"class":75},[69,154298,80],{"class":79},[69,154300,8872],{"class":83},[69,154302,333],{"class":94},[69,154304,192],{"class":336},[69,154306,333],{"class":94},[69,154308,91],{"class":83},[69,154310,964],{"class":94},[69,154312,4587],{"class":336},[69,154314,333],{"class":94},[69,154316,91],{"class":83},[69,154318,964],{"class":94},[69,154320,9376],{"class":336},[69,154322,333],{"class":94},[69,154324,221],{"class":83},[69,154326,154327],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,154328,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,154330,154331,154333,154335,154337,154339,154341],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,154332,110],{"class":109},[69,154334,113],{"class":83},[69,154336,35803],{"class":121},[69,154338,3739],{"class":83},[69,154340,670],{"class":87},[69,154342,3727],{"class":83},[14,154344,643],{},[60,154346,154348],{"className":62,"code":154347,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Traceback (most recent call last):\n  ...\nIndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[17,154349,154350,154362,154367],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,154351,154352,154355,154357,154360],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,154353,154354],{"class":121},"Traceback ",[69,154356,113],{"class":83},[69,154358,154359],{"class":121},"most recent call last",[69,154361,7974],{"class":83},[69,154363,154364],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,154365,154366],{"class":34110},"  ...\n",[69,154368,154369,154371,154373,154375,154378],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,154370,70403],{"class":1126},[69,154372,1044],{"class":83},[69,154374,149027],{"class":1126},[69,154376,154377],{"class":75}," index out of ",[69,154379,70595],{"class":109},[14,154381,154382],{},"This happens because the tuple has only 3 items, so valid positive indexes are:",[30,154384,154385,154389,154393],{},[33,154386,154387],{},[17,154388,88],{},[33,154390,154391],{},[17,154392,473],{},[33,154394,154395],{},[17,154396,821],{},[14,154398,154399,154400,25],{},"One simple way to avoid this is to check the length first with ",[192,154401,154402,154404],{"href":148899},[17,154403,42025],{}," on a tuple",[60,154406,154408],{"className":62,"code":154407,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(len(letters))  # 3\n\nif len(letters) > 2:\n    print(letters[2])\n",[17,154409,154410,154442,154446,154462,154466,154484],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,154411,154412,154414,154416,154418,154420,154422,154424,154426,154428,154430,154432,154434,154436,154438,154440],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,154413,35750],{"class":75},[69,154415,80],{"class":79},[69,154417,8872],{"class":83},[69,154419,333],{"class":94},[69,154421,192],{"class":336},[69,154423,333],{"class":94},[69,154425,91],{"class":83},[69,154427,964],{"class":94},[69,154429,4587],{"class":336},[69,154431,333],{"class":94},[69,154433,91],{"class":83},[69,154435,964],{"class":94},[69,154437,9376],{"class":336},[69,154439,333],{"class":94},[69,154441,221],{"class":83},[69,154443,154444],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,154445,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,154447,154448,154450,154452,154454,154456,154458,154460],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,154449,110],{"class":109},[69,154451,113],{"class":83},[69,154453,10801],{"class":109},[69,154455,113],{"class":83},[69,154457,35803],{"class":121},[69,154459,125],{"class":83},[69,154461,50438],{"class":128},[69,154463,154464],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,154465,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,154467,154468,154470,154472,154474,154476,154478,154480,154482],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,154469,6625],{"class":773},[69,154471,38048],{"class":109},[69,154473,113],{"class":83},[69,154475,35803],{"class":121},[69,154477,3525],{"class":83},[69,154479,38058],{"class":79},[69,154481,316],{"class":87},[69,154483,1235],{"class":83},[69,154485,154486,154488,154490,154492,154494,154496],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,154487,7700],{"class":109},[69,154489,113],{"class":83},[69,154491,35803],{"class":121},[69,154493,3739],{"class":83},[69,154495,821],{"class":87},[69,154497,3727],{"class":83},[14,154499,154500,154501,25],{},"If you are dealing with this error now, see ",[192,154502,25332,154504],{"href":154503},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix\u002F",[17,154505,154506],{},"IndexError: tuple index out of range",[141,154508,154510],{"id":154509},"tuple-indexing-vs-tuple-slicing","Tuple indexing vs tuple slicing",[14,154512,154513],{},"Indexing and slicing are related, but they are not the same.",[30,154515,154516,154518],{},[33,154517,76547],{},[33,154519,154520],{},"Slicing gets a range of items",[14,154522,154523],{},"Indexing example:",[60,154525,154527],{"className":62,"code":154526,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1])\n",[17,154528,154529,154553,154557],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,154530,154531,154533,154535,154537,154539,154541,154543,154545,154547,154549,154551],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,154532,801],{"class":75},[69,154534,80],{"class":79},[69,154536,8872],{"class":83},[69,154538,2197],{"class":87},[69,154540,91],{"class":83},[69,154542,7420],{"class":87},[69,154544,91],{"class":83},[69,154546,7425],{"class":87},[69,154548,91],{"class":83},[69,154550,50511],{"class":87},[69,154552,221],{"class":83},[69,154554,154555],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,154556,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,154558,154559,154561,154563,154565,154567,154569],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,154560,110],{"class":109},[69,154562,113],{"class":83},[69,154564,3512],{"class":121},[69,154566,3739],{"class":83},[69,154568,473],{"class":87},[69,154570,3727],{"class":83},[14,154572,643],{},[60,154574,154575],{"className":62,"code":70896,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,154576,154577],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,154578,154579],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,154580,70896],{"class":87},[14,154582,154583],{},"Slicing example:",[60,154585,154587],{"className":62,"code":154586,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1:3])\n",[17,154588,154589,154613,154617],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,154590,154591,154593,154595,154597,154599,154601,154603,154605,154607,154609,154611],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,154592,801],{"class":75},[69,154594,80],{"class":79},[69,154596,8872],{"class":83},[69,154598,2197],{"class":87},[69,154600,91],{"class":83},[69,154602,7420],{"class":87},[69,154604,91],{"class":83},[69,154606,7425],{"class":87},[69,154608,91],{"class":83},[69,154610,50511],{"class":87},[69,154612,221],{"class":83},[69,154614,154615],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,154616,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,154618,154619,154621,154623,154625,154627,154629,154631,154633],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,154620,110],{"class":109},[69,154622,113],{"class":83},[69,154624,3512],{"class":121},[69,154626,3739],{"class":83},[69,154628,473],{"class":87},[69,154630,1044],{"class":83},[69,154632,1929],{"class":87},[69,154634,3727],{"class":83},[14,154636,643],{},[60,154638,154640],{"className":62,"code":154639,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"(20, 30)\n",[17,154641,154642],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,154643,154644,154646,154648,154650,154652],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,154645,113],{"class":83},[69,154647,15401],{"class":87},[69,154649,91],{"class":83},[69,154651,7425],{"class":87},[69,154653,221],{"class":83},[14,154655,154656,154657,25],{},"This page focuses on getting one item by position. If you want to get multiple items, see ",[192,154658,150578],{"href":150577},[141,154660,154662],{"id":154661},"important-beginner-note-about-tuples","Important beginner note about tuples",[14,154664,154665],{},"You can read tuple items by index, but you cannot change them by index.",[14,154667,154668],{},"Tuples are immutable. That means their values cannot be changed after creation.",[14,154670,1538],{},[60,154672,154674],{"className":62,"code":154673,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors[1])\n",[17,154675,154676,154708],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,154677,154678,154680,154682,154684,154686,154688,154690,154692,154694,154696,154698,154700,154702,154704,154706],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,154679,12720],{"class":75},[69,154681,80],{"class":79},[69,154683,8872],{"class":83},[69,154685,333],{"class":94},[69,154687,12737],{"class":336},[69,154689,333],{"class":94},[69,154691,91],{"class":83},[69,154693,964],{"class":94},[69,154695,17104],{"class":336},[69,154697,333],{"class":94},[69,154699,91],{"class":83},[69,154701,964],{"class":94},[69,154703,12754],{"class":336},[69,154705,333],{"class":94},[69,154707,221],{"class":83},[69,154709,154710,154712,154714,154716,154718,154720],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,154711,110],{"class":109},[69,154713,113],{"class":83},[69,154715,17151],{"class":121},[69,154717,3739],{"class":83},[69,154719,473],{"class":87},[69,154721,3727],{"class":83},[14,154723,154724],{},"But this does not work:",[60,154726,154728],{"className":62,"code":154727,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\ncolors[1] = \"yellow\"\n",[17,154729,154730,154762],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,154731,154732,154734,154736,154738,154740,154742,154744,154746,154748,154750,154752,154754,154756,154758,154760],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,154733,12720],{"class":75},[69,154735,80],{"class":79},[69,154737,8872],{"class":83},[69,154739,333],{"class":94},[69,154741,12737],{"class":336},[69,154743,333],{"class":94},[69,154745,91],{"class":83},[69,154747,964],{"class":94},[69,154749,17104],{"class":336},[69,154751,333],{"class":94},[69,154753,91],{"class":83},[69,154755,964],{"class":94},[69,154757,12754],{"class":336},[69,154759,333],{"class":94},[69,154761,221],{"class":83},[69,154763,154764,154766,154768,154770,154772,154774,154776,154778],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,154765,17151],{"class":75},[69,154767,3739],{"class":83},[69,154769,473],{"class":87},[69,154771,12918],{"class":83},[69,154773,12921],{"class":79},[69,154775,964],{"class":94},[69,154777,22175],{"class":336},[69,154779,3224],{"class":94},[14,154781,154782],{},"Python will raise an error because tuple items cannot be reassigned.",[14,154784,154785],{},"If you need a collection where items can be changed, use a list instead.",[141,154787,2698],{"id":2697},[14,154789,154790],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with tuple indexing:",[30,154792,154793,154799,154802,154805],{},[33,154794,132389,154795,10731,154797],{},[17,154796,473],{},[17,154798,88],{},[33,154800,154801],{},"Using an index that is too large",[33,154803,154804],{},"Confusing negative indexes with subtraction",[33,154806,154807,154808],{},"Trying to assign a new value to ",[17,154809,154810],{},"tuple[index]",[14,154812,61966],{},[60,154814,154816],{"className":62,"code":154815,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(my_tuple[0])\nprint(my_tuple[-1])\nprint(type(my_tuple))\n",[17,154817,154818,154828,154842,154856,154872],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,154819,154820,154822,154824,154826],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,154821,110],{"class":109},[69,154823,113],{"class":83},[69,154825,147679],{"class":121},[69,154827,221],{"class":83},[69,154829,154830,154832,154834,154836,154838,154840],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,154831,110],{"class":109},[69,154833,113],{"class":83},[69,154835,10801],{"class":109},[69,154837,113],{"class":83},[69,154839,147679],{"class":121},[69,154841,342],{"class":83},[69,154843,154844,154846,154848,154850,154852,154854],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,154845,110],{"class":109},[69,154847,113],{"class":83},[69,154849,147679],{"class":121},[69,154851,3739],{"class":83},[69,154853,88],{"class":87},[69,154855,3727],{"class":83},[69,154857,154858,154860,154862,154864,154866,154868,154870],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,154859,110],{"class":109},[69,154861,113],{"class":83},[69,154863,147679],{"class":121},[69,154865,3739],{"class":83},[69,154867,1889],{"class":79},[69,154869,473],{"class":87},[69,154871,3727],{"class":83},[69,154873,154874,154876,154878,154880,154882,154884],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,154875,110],{"class":109},[69,154877,113],{"class":83},[69,154879,3087],{"class":1126},[69,154881,113],{"class":83},[69,154883,147679],{"class":121},[69,154885,342],{"class":83},[14,154887,154888],{},"These can help you confirm:",[30,154890,154891,154894,154896,154899],{},[33,154892,154893],{},"what the tuple contains",[33,154895,60455],{},[33,154897,154898],{},"what the first and last items are",[33,154900,154901],{},"whether the variable is really a tuple",[141,154903,1651],{"id":1650},[1369,154905,154907],{"id":154906},"does-tuple-indexing-start-at-0","Does tuple indexing start at 0?",[14,154909,154910,154911,25],{},"Yes. The first item is at index ",[17,154912,88],{},[1369,154914,154916],{"id":154915},"how-do-i-get-the-last-item-in-a-tuple","How do I get the last item in a tuple?",[14,154918,132,154919,154921],{},[17,154920,65526],{}," as the index:",[60,154923,154925],{"className":62,"code":154924,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_tuple[-1]\n",[17,154926,154927],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,154928,154929,154931,154933,154935,154937],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,154930,147679],{"class":75},[69,154932,3739],{"class":83},[69,154934,1889],{"class":79},[69,154936,473],{"class":87},[69,154938,103],{"class":83},[1369,154940,154942],{"id":154941},"what-happens-if-i-use-an-invalid-index","What happens if I use an invalid index?",[14,154944,154945],{},"Python raises:",[60,154947,154949],{"className":62,"code":154948,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[17,154950,154951],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,154952,154953,154955,154957,154959,154961],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,154954,70403],{"class":1126},[69,154956,1044],{"class":83},[69,154958,149027],{"class":1126},[69,154960,154377],{"class":75},[69,154962,70595],{"class":109},[1369,154964,154966],{"id":154965},"can-i-change-a-tuple-item-using-its-index","Can I change a tuple item using its index?",[14,154968,154969],{},"No. Tuples are immutable, so indexed assignment is not allowed.",[141,154971,1771],{"id":1770},[30,154973,154974,154979,154983,154987,154993],{},[33,154975,154976],{},[192,154977,154978],{"href":147664},"How to create a tuple in Python",[33,154980,154981],{},[192,154982,150578],{"href":150577},[33,154984,154985],{},[192,154986,150583],{"href":148899},[33,154988,154989],{},[192,154990,25775,154991],{"href":154503},[17,154992,154506],{},[33,154994,154995],{},[192,154996,147661],{"href":147660},[1802,154998,154999],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":155001},[155002,155003,155004,155005,155006,155007,155008,155009,155010,155011,155017],{"id":3472,"depth":106,"text":3473},{"id":153765,"depth":106,"text":153766},{"id":153891,"depth":106,"text":153892},{"id":154029,"depth":106,"text":154030},{"id":154156,"depth":106,"text":154157},{"id":154281,"depth":106,"text":154282},{"id":154509,"depth":106,"text":154510},{"id":154661,"depth":106,"text":154662},{"id":2697,"depth":106,"text":2698},{"id":1650,"depth":106,"text":1651,"children":155012},[155013,155014,155015,155016],{"id":154906,"depth":300,"text":154907},{"id":154915,"depth":300,"text":154916},{"id":154941,"depth":300,"text":154942},{"id":154965,"depth":300,"text":154966},{"id":1770,"depth":106,"text":1771},"Master python tuple indexing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":153622,"description":155018},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained","oh8flZok-CuLGMVXExWuVV18PBZcnk3hpgYpNXAAb9g",{"id":155024,"title":155025,"body":155026,"description":156915,"extension":1828,"meta":156916,"navigation":833,"path":156917,"seo":156918,"stem":156919,"__hash__":156920},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len.md","Python Tuple Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":155027,"toc":156872},[155028,155034,155039,155090,155094,155102,155108,155110,155126,155128,155131,155146,155148,155161,155163,155220,155224,155232,155239,155245,155251,155255,155306,155310,155318,155322,155351,155355,155363,155367,155400,155404,155412,155416,155419,155470,155474,155482,155484,155501,155505,155509,155568,155572,155580,155583,155610,155614,155622,155626,155632,155707,155711,155748,155756,155760,155823,155827,155835,155840,155844,155850,155893,155897,155905,155911,155914,155961,155965,155973,155982,155988,156043,156047,156055,156058,156062,156064,156095,156099,156118,156121,156166,156170,156193,156199,156204,156206,156253,156258,156261,156309,156313,156321,156325,156330,156334,156384,156388,156403,156407,156465,156469,156484,156488,156559,156563,156572,156576,156655,156659,156681,156689,156691,156694,156719,156721,156774,156776,156793,156795,156799,156805,156810,156815,156819,156824,156828,156833,156839,156842,156844,156869],[10,155029,155031,155032,3525],{"id":155030},"python-tuple-length-len","Python Tuple Length (",[17,155033,10801],{},[14,155035,132,155036,155038],{},[17,155037,42025],{}," to get the number of items in a tuple.",[60,155040,155042],{"className":62,"code":155041,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[17,155043,155044,155076],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,155045,155046,155048,155050,155052,155054,155056,155058,155060,155062,155064,155066,155068,155070,155072,155074],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,155047,12720],{"class":75},[69,155049,80],{"class":79},[69,155051,8872],{"class":83},[69,155053,333],{"class":94},[69,155055,12737],{"class":336},[69,155057,333],{"class":94},[69,155059,91],{"class":83},[69,155061,964],{"class":94},[69,155063,17104],{"class":336},[69,155065,333],{"class":94},[69,155067,91],{"class":83},[69,155069,964],{"class":94},[69,155071,12754],{"class":336},[69,155073,333],{"class":94},[69,155075,221],{"class":83},[69,155077,155078,155080,155082,155084,155086,155088],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,155079,110],{"class":109},[69,155081,113],{"class":83},[69,155083,10801],{"class":109},[69,155085,113],{"class":83},[69,155087,17151],{"class":121},[69,155089,342],{"class":83},[14,155091,155092],{},[22,155093,643],{},[60,155095,155096],{"className":62,"code":46283,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,155097,155098],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,155099,155100],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,155101,46283],{"class":87},[14,155103,132,155104,155107],{},[17,155105,155106],{},"len(tuple_name)"," to count how many items are in a tuple.",[141,155109,14809],{"id":14808},[30,155111,155112,155117,155121,155124],{},[33,155113,4032,155114,155116],{},[17,155115,42025],{}," works with tuples",[33,155118,67930,155119,11347],{},[17,155120,42025],{},[33,155122,155123],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty tuples",[33,155125,1362],{},[141,155127,2024],{"id":2023},[14,155129,155130],{},"Use this pattern:",[60,155132,155134],{"className":62,"code":155133,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"len(my_tuple)\n",[17,155135,155136],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,155137,155138,155140,155142,155144],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,155139,10801],{"class":109},[69,155141,113],{"class":83},[69,155143,147679],{"class":121},[69,155145,221],{"class":83},[14,155147,11099],{},[30,155149,155150,155153,155156],{},[33,155151,155152],{},"Pass the tuple inside the parentheses",[33,155154,155155],{},"The result is an integer",[33,155157,155158,155160],{},[17,155159,42025],{}," does not change the tuple",[14,155162,2076],{},[60,155164,155166],{"className":62,"code":155165,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\ncount = len(numbers)\n\nprint(count)\n",[17,155167,155168,155192,155206,155210],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,155169,155170,155172,155174,155176,155178,155180,155182,155184,155186,155188,155190],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,155171,801],{"class":75},[69,155173,80],{"class":79},[69,155175,8872],{"class":83},[69,155177,2197],{"class":87},[69,155179,91],{"class":83},[69,155181,7420],{"class":87},[69,155183,91],{"class":83},[69,155185,7425],{"class":87},[69,155187,91],{"class":83},[69,155189,50511],{"class":87},[69,155191,221],{"class":83},[69,155193,155194,155196,155198,155200,155202,155204],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,155195,40905],{"class":75},[69,155197,80],{"class":79},[69,155199,38048],{"class":109},[69,155201,113],{"class":83},[69,155203,3512],{"class":121},[69,155205,221],{"class":83},[69,155207,155208],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,155209,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,155211,155212,155214,155216,155218],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,155213,110],{"class":109},[69,155215,113],{"class":83},[69,155217,40923],{"class":121},[69,155219,221],{"class":83},[14,155221,155222],{},[22,155223,643],{},[60,155225,155226],{"className":62,"code":48317,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,155227,155228],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,155229,155230],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,155231,48317],{"class":87},[14,155233,155234,155235,25],{},"If you want a broader explanation of this built-in function, see ",[192,155236,3441,155237,1780],{"href":42022},[17,155238,42025],{},[141,155240,3540,155242,155244],{"id":155241},"what-len-returns-for-a-tuple",[17,155243,42025],{}," returns for a tuple",[14,155246,155247,155248,155250],{},"For a tuple, ",[17,155249,42025],{}," returns the number of items in the tuple.",[1369,155252,155254],{"id":155253},"regular-tuple","Regular tuple",[60,155256,155258],{"className":62,"code":155257,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\nprint(len(fruits))\n",[17,155259,155260,155292],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,155261,155262,155264,155266,155268,155270,155272,155274,155276,155278,155280,155282,155284,155286,155288,155290],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,155263,35899],{"class":75},[69,155265,80],{"class":79},[69,155267,8872],{"class":83},[69,155269,333],{"class":94},[69,155271,952],{"class":336},[69,155273,333],{"class":94},[69,155275,91],{"class":83},[69,155277,964],{"class":94},[69,155279,967],{"class":336},[69,155281,333],{"class":94},[69,155283,91],{"class":83},[69,155285,964],{"class":94},[69,155287,32877],{"class":336},[69,155289,333],{"class":94},[69,155291,221],{"class":83},[69,155293,155294,155296,155298,155300,155302,155304],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,155295,110],{"class":109},[69,155297,113],{"class":83},[69,155299,10801],{"class":109},[69,155301,113],{"class":83},[69,155303,35951],{"class":121},[69,155305,342],{"class":83},[14,155307,155308],{},[22,155309,643],{},[60,155311,155312],{"className":62,"code":46283,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,155313,155314],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,155315,155316],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,155317,46283],{"class":87},[1369,155319,155321],{"id":155320},"empty-tuple","Empty tuple",[60,155323,155325],{"className":62,"code":155324,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"empty_tuple = ()\nprint(len(empty_tuple))\n",[17,155326,155327,155336],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,155328,155329,155332,155334],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,155330,155331],{"class":75},"empty_tuple ",[69,155333,80],{"class":79},[69,155335,149003],{"class":83},[69,155337,155338,155340,155342,155344,155346,155349],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,155339,110],{"class":109},[69,155341,113],{"class":83},[69,155343,10801],{"class":109},[69,155345,113],{"class":83},[69,155347,155348],{"class":121},"empty_tuple",[69,155350,342],{"class":83},[14,155352,155353],{},[22,155354,643],{},[60,155356,155357],{"className":62,"code":46918,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,155358,155359],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,155360,155361],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,155362,46918],{"class":87},[1369,155364,155366],{"id":155365},"one-item-tuple","One-item tuple",[60,155368,155370],{"className":62,"code":155369,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"single_value = (5,)\nprint(len(single_value))\n",[17,155371,155372,155385],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,155373,155374,155377,155379,155381,155383],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,155375,155376],{"class":75},"single_value ",[69,155378,80],{"class":79},[69,155380,8872],{"class":83},[69,155382,670],{"class":87},[69,155384,149017],{"class":83},[69,155386,155387,155389,155391,155393,155395,155398],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,155388,110],{"class":109},[69,155390,113],{"class":83},[69,155392,10801],{"class":109},[69,155394,113],{"class":83},[69,155396,155397],{"class":121},"single_value",[69,155399,342],{"class":83},[14,155401,155402],{},[22,155403,643],{},[60,155405,155406],{"className":62,"code":46583,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,155407,155408],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,155409,155410],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,155411,46583],{"class":87},[1369,155413,155415],{"id":155414},"nested-items","Nested items",[14,155417,155418],{},"Nested values still count as one top-level item each.",[60,155420,155422],{"className":62,"code":155421,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = (1, (2, 3), [4, 5])\nprint(len(data))\n",[17,155423,155424,155456],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,155425,155426,155428,155430,155432,155434,155436,155438,155440,155442,155444,155446,155448,155450,155452,155454],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,155427,8801],{"class":75},[69,155429,80],{"class":79},[69,155431,8872],{"class":83},[69,155433,473],{"class":87},[69,155435,91],{"class":83},[69,155437,8872],{"class":83},[69,155439,821],{"class":87},[69,155441,91],{"class":83},[69,155443,516],{"class":87},[69,155445,8869],{"class":83},[69,155447,84],{"class":83},[69,155449,808],{"class":87},[69,155451,91],{"class":83},[69,155453,100],{"class":87},[69,155455,3727],{"class":83},[69,155457,155458,155460,155462,155464,155466,155468],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,155459,110],{"class":109},[69,155461,113],{"class":83},[69,155463,10801],{"class":109},[69,155465,113],{"class":83},[69,155467,8840],{"class":121},[69,155469,342],{"class":83},[14,155471,155472],{},[22,155473,643],{},[60,155475,155476],{"className":62,"code":46283,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,155477,155478],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,155479,155480],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,155481,46283],{"class":87},[14,155483,19607],{},[30,155485,155486,155491,155496],{},[33,155487,155488,155490],{},[17,155489,473],{}," is one item",[33,155492,155493,155490],{},[17,155494,155495],{},"(2, 3)",[33,155497,155498,155490],{},[17,155499,155500],{},"[4, 5]",[141,155502,155504],{"id":155503},"important-tuple-examples","Important tuple examples",[1369,155506,155508],{"id":155507},"regular-tuple-with-several-values","Regular tuple with several values",[60,155510,155512],{"className":62,"code":155511,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", \"yellow\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[17,155513,155514,155554],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,155515,155516,155518,155520,155522,155524,155526,155528,155530,155532,155534,155536,155538,155540,155542,155544,155546,155548,155550,155552],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,155517,12720],{"class":75},[69,155519,80],{"class":79},[69,155521,8872],{"class":83},[69,155523,333],{"class":94},[69,155525,12737],{"class":336},[69,155527,333],{"class":94},[69,155529,91],{"class":83},[69,155531,964],{"class":94},[69,155533,17104],{"class":336},[69,155535,333],{"class":94},[69,155537,91],{"class":83},[69,155539,964],{"class":94},[69,155541,12754],{"class":336},[69,155543,333],{"class":94},[69,155545,91],{"class":83},[69,155547,964],{"class":94},[69,155549,22175],{"class":336},[69,155551,333],{"class":94},[69,155553,221],{"class":83},[69,155555,155556,155558,155560,155562,155564,155566],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,155557,110],{"class":109},[69,155559,113],{"class":83},[69,155561,10801],{"class":109},[69,155563,113],{"class":83},[69,155565,17151],{"class":121},[69,155567,342],{"class":83},[14,155569,155570],{},[22,155571,643],{},[60,155573,155574],{"className":62,"code":48317,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,155575,155576],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,155577,155578],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,155579,48317],{"class":87},[1369,155581,155321],{"id":155582},"empty-tuple-1",[60,155584,155586],{"className":62,"code":155585,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = ()\nprint(len(items))\n",[17,155587,155588,155596],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,155589,155590,155592,155594],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,155591,7409],{"class":75},[69,155593,80],{"class":79},[69,155595,149003],{"class":83},[69,155597,155598,155600,155602,155604,155606,155608],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,155599,110],{"class":109},[69,155601,113],{"class":83},[69,155603,10801],{"class":109},[69,155605,113],{"class":83},[69,155607,7440],{"class":121},[69,155609,342],{"class":83},[14,155611,155612],{},[22,155613,643],{},[60,155615,155616],{"className":62,"code":46918,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,155617,155618],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,155619,155620],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,155621,46918],{"class":87},[1369,155623,155625],{"id":155624},"single-item-tuple-with-trailing-comma","Single-item tuple with trailing comma",[14,155627,155628,155629,155631],{},"A single value in parentheses is ",[22,155630,4457],{}," always a tuple.",[60,155633,155635],{"className":62,"code":155634,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = (5)\nb = (5,)\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\nprint(len(b))\n",[17,155636,155637,155649,155661,155665,155679,155693],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,155638,155639,155641,155643,155645,155647],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,155640,2421],{"class":75},[69,155642,80],{"class":79},[69,155644,8872],{"class":83},[69,155646,670],{"class":87},[69,155648,221],{"class":83},[69,155650,155651,155653,155655,155657,155659],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,155652,2449],{"class":75},[69,155654,80],{"class":79},[69,155656,8872],{"class":83},[69,155658,670],{"class":87},[69,155660,149017],{"class":83},[69,155662,155663],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,155664,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,155666,155667,155669,155671,155673,155675,155677],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,155668,110],{"class":109},[69,155670,113],{"class":83},[69,155672,3087],{"class":1126},[69,155674,113],{"class":83},[69,155676,192],{"class":121},[69,155678,342],{"class":83},[69,155680,155681,155683,155685,155687,155689,155691],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,155682,110],{"class":109},[69,155684,113],{"class":83},[69,155686,3087],{"class":1126},[69,155688,113],{"class":83},[69,155690,4587],{"class":121},[69,155692,342],{"class":83},[69,155694,155695,155697,155699,155701,155703,155705],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,155696,110],{"class":109},[69,155698,113],{"class":83},[69,155700,10801],{"class":109},[69,155702,113],{"class":83},[69,155704,4587],{"class":121},[69,155706,342],{"class":83},[14,155708,155709],{},[22,155710,643],{},[60,155712,155714],{"className":62,"code":155713,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[17,155715,155716,155730,155744],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,155717,155718,155720,155722,155724,155726,155728],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,155719,852],{"class":79},[69,155721,3158],{"class":1932},[69,155723,3161],{"class":94},[69,155725,2056],{"class":336},[69,155727,488],{"class":94},[69,155729,3168],{"class":79},[69,155731,155732,155734,155736,155738,155740,155742],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,155733,852],{"class":79},[69,155735,3158],{"class":1932},[69,155737,3161],{"class":94},[69,155739,48620],{"class":336},[69,155741,488],{"class":94},[69,155743,3168],{"class":79},[69,155745,155746],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,155747,46583],{"class":87},[14,155749,155750,155751,587,155754,25],{},"If you are new to tuple syntax, see ",[192,155752,155753],{"href":147664},"Python tuple: creating a tuple",[192,155755,148965],{"href":148964},[1369,155757,155759],{"id":155758},"tuple-containing-lists-or-other-tuples","Tuple containing lists or other tuples",[60,155761,155763],{"className":62,"code":155762,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"mixed = (\"apple\", [1, 2], (\"x\", \"y\"))\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[17,155764,155765,155809],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,155766,155767,155769,155771,155773,155775,155777,155779,155781,155783,155785,155787,155789,155791,155793,155795,155797,155799,155801,155803,155805,155807],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,155768,59143],{"class":75},[69,155770,80],{"class":79},[69,155772,8872],{"class":83},[69,155774,333],{"class":94},[69,155776,952],{"class":336},[69,155778,333],{"class":94},[69,155780,91],{"class":83},[69,155782,84],{"class":83},[69,155784,473],{"class":87},[69,155786,91],{"class":83},[69,155788,316],{"class":87},[69,155790,17711],{"class":83},[69,155792,8872],{"class":83},[69,155794,333],{"class":94},[69,155796,2041],{"class":336},[69,155798,333],{"class":94},[69,155800,91],{"class":83},[69,155802,964],{"class":94},[69,155804,11387],{"class":336},[69,155806,333],{"class":94},[69,155808,342],{"class":83},[69,155810,155811,155813,155815,155817,155819,155821],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,155812,110],{"class":109},[69,155814,113],{"class":83},[69,155816,10801],{"class":109},[69,155818,113],{"class":83},[69,155820,59196],{"class":121},[69,155822,342],{"class":83},[14,155824,155825],{},[22,155826,643],{},[60,155828,155829],{"className":62,"code":46283,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,155830,155831],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,155832,155833],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,155834,46283],{"class":87},[14,155836,155837,155839],{},[17,155838,42025],{}," counts the outer tuple's items only.",[141,155841,155843],{"id":155842},"things-beginners-often-misunderstand","Things beginners often misunderstand",[1369,155845,155847,155849],{"id":155846},"len-counts-items-not-characters-inside-strings",[17,155848,42025],{}," counts items, not characters inside strings",[60,155851,155853],{"className":62,"code":155852,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words))\n",[17,155854,155855,155879],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,155856,155857,155859,155861,155863,155865,155867,155869,155871,155873,155875,155877],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,155858,943],{"class":75},[69,155860,80],{"class":79},[69,155862,8872],{"class":83},[69,155864,333],{"class":94},[69,155866,63267],{"class":336},[69,155868,333],{"class":94},[69,155870,91],{"class":83},[69,155872,964],{"class":94},[69,155874,64],{"class":336},[69,155876,333],{"class":94},[69,155878,221],{"class":83},[69,155880,155881,155883,155885,155887,155889,155891],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,155882,110],{"class":109},[69,155884,113],{"class":83},[69,155886,10801],{"class":109},[69,155888,113],{"class":83},[69,155890,3947],{"class":121},[69,155892,342],{"class":83},[14,155894,155895],{},[22,155896,643],{},[60,155898,155899],{"className":62,"code":16704,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,155900,155901],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,155902,155903],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,155904,16704],{"class":87},[14,155906,155907,155908,155910],{},"This result is ",[17,155909,821],{}," because the tuple has two items.",[14,155912,155913],{},"If you check the length of one string item, that is different:",[60,155915,155917],{"className":62,"code":155916,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words[0]))\n",[17,155918,155919,155943],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,155920,155921,155923,155925,155927,155929,155931,155933,155935,155937,155939,155941],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,155922,943],{"class":75},[69,155924,80],{"class":79},[69,155926,8872],{"class":83},[69,155928,333],{"class":94},[69,155930,63267],{"class":336},[69,155932,333],{"class":94},[69,155934,91],{"class":83},[69,155936,964],{"class":94},[69,155938,64],{"class":336},[69,155940,333],{"class":94},[69,155942,221],{"class":83},[69,155944,155945,155947,155949,155951,155953,155955,155957,155959],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,155946,110],{"class":109},[69,155948,113],{"class":83},[69,155950,10801],{"class":109},[69,155952,113],{"class":83},[69,155954,3947],{"class":121},[69,155956,3739],{"class":83},[69,155958,88],{"class":87},[69,155960,275],{"class":83},[14,155962,155963],{},[22,155964,643],{},[60,155966,155967],{"className":62,"code":16704,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,155968,155969],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,155970,155971],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,155972,16704],{"class":87},[14,155974,20421,155975,155978,155979,25],{},[17,155976,155977],{},"len(words[0])"," counts the characters in ",[17,155980,155981],{},"\"hi\"",[1369,155983,155985,155987],{"id":155984},"len-counts-top-level-tuple-elements-only",[17,155986,42025],{}," counts top-level tuple elements only",[60,155989,155991],{"className":62,"code":155990,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"values = ((1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6))\nprint(len(values))\n",[17,155992,155993,156029],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,155994,155995,155997,155999,156001,156003,156005,156007,156009,156011,156013,156015,156017,156019,156021,156023,156025,156027],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,155996,76],{"class":75},[69,155998,80],{"class":79},[69,156000,9632],{"class":83},[69,156002,473],{"class":87},[69,156004,91],{"class":83},[69,156006,316],{"class":87},[69,156008,8869],{"class":83},[69,156010,8872],{"class":83},[69,156012,1929],{"class":87},[69,156014,91],{"class":83},[69,156016,2323],{"class":87},[69,156018,8869],{"class":83},[69,156020,8872],{"class":83},[69,156022,670],{"class":87},[69,156024,91],{"class":83},[69,156026,37305],{"class":87},[69,156028,342],{"class":83},[69,156030,156031,156033,156035,156037,156039,156041],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,156032,110],{"class":109},[69,156034,113],{"class":83},[69,156036,10801],{"class":109},[69,156038,113],{"class":83},[69,156040,122],{"class":121},[69,156042,342],{"class":83},[14,156044,156045],{},[22,156046,643],{},[60,156048,156049],{"className":62,"code":46283,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,156050,156051],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,156052,156053],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,156054,46283],{"class":87},[14,156056,156057],{},"The outer tuple contains three items.",[1369,156059,156061],{"id":156060},"parentheses-alone-do-not-always-create-a-one-item-tuple","Parentheses alone do not always create a one-item tuple",[14,156063,25343],{},[60,156065,156067],{"className":62,"code":156066,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = (10)\nprint(type(value))\n",[17,156068,156069,156081],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,156070,156071,156073,156075,156077,156079],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,156072,2313],{"class":75},[69,156074,80],{"class":79},[69,156076,8872],{"class":83},[69,156078,2197],{"class":87},[69,156080,221],{"class":83},[69,156082,156083,156085,156087,156089,156091,156093],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,156084,110],{"class":109},[69,156086,113],{"class":83},[69,156088,3087],{"class":1126},[69,156090,113],{"class":83},[69,156092,2339],{"class":121},[69,156094,342],{"class":83},[14,156096,156097],{},[22,156098,643],{},[60,156100,156102],{"className":62,"code":156101,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[17,156103,156104],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,156105,156106,156108,156110,156112,156114,156116],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,156107,852],{"class":79},[69,156109,3158],{"class":1932},[69,156111,3161],{"class":94},[69,156113,2056],{"class":336},[69,156115,488],{"class":94},[69,156117,3168],{"class":79},[14,156119,156120],{},"To make a one-item tuple, add a comma:",[60,156122,156124],{"className":62,"code":156123,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = (10,)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(len(value))\n",[17,156125,156126,156138,156152],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,156127,156128,156130,156132,156134,156136],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,156129,2313],{"class":75},[69,156131,80],{"class":79},[69,156133,8872],{"class":83},[69,156135,2197],{"class":87},[69,156137,149017],{"class":83},[69,156139,156140,156142,156144,156146,156148,156150],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,156141,110],{"class":109},[69,156143,113],{"class":83},[69,156145,3087],{"class":1126},[69,156147,113],{"class":83},[69,156149,2339],{"class":121},[69,156151,342],{"class":83},[69,156153,156154,156156,156158,156160,156162,156164],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,156155,110],{"class":109},[69,156157,113],{"class":83},[69,156159,10801],{"class":109},[69,156161,113],{"class":83},[69,156163,2339],{"class":121},[69,156165,342],{"class":83},[14,156167,156168],{},[22,156169,643],{},[60,156171,156173],{"className":62,"code":156172,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[17,156174,156175,156189],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,156176,156177,156179,156181,156183,156185,156187],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,156178,852],{"class":79},[69,156180,3158],{"class":1932},[69,156182,3161],{"class":94},[69,156184,48620],{"class":336},[69,156186,488],{"class":94},[69,156188,3168],{"class":79},[69,156190,156191],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,156192,46583],{"class":87},[1369,156194,156196,156198],{"id":156195},"len-is-a-function-name-and-should-not-be-overwritten",[17,156197,10801],{}," is a function name and should not be overwritten",[14,156200,44094,156201,156203],{},[17,156202,10801],{}," as a variable name.",[14,156205,44125],{},[60,156207,156209],{"className":62,"code":156208,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"len = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[17,156210,156211,156219,156239],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,156212,156213,156215,156217],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,156214,10801],{"class":109},[69,156216,12921],{"class":79},[69,156218,2454],{"class":87},[69,156220,156221,156223,156225,156227,156229,156231,156233,156235,156237],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,156222,801],{"class":75},[69,156224,80],{"class":79},[69,156226,8872],{"class":83},[69,156228,473],{"class":87},[69,156230,91],{"class":83},[69,156232,316],{"class":87},[69,156234,91],{"class":83},[69,156236,516],{"class":87},[69,156238,221],{"class":83},[69,156240,156241,156243,156245,156247,156249,156251],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,156242,110],{"class":109},[69,156244,113],{"class":83},[69,156246,10801],{"class":109},[69,156248,113],{"class":83},[69,156250,3512],{"class":121},[69,156252,342],{"class":83},[14,156254,39316,156255,156257],{},[17,156256,10801],{}," no longer refers to the built-in function.",[14,156259,156260],{},"Use a different variable name instead:",[60,156262,156264],{"className":62,"code":156263,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"length_value = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[17,156265,156266,156275,156295],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,156267,156268,156271,156273],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,156269,156270],{"class":75},"length_value ",[69,156272,80],{"class":79},[69,156274,2454],{"class":87},[69,156276,156277,156279,156281,156283,156285,156287,156289,156291,156293],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,156278,801],{"class":75},[69,156280,80],{"class":79},[69,156282,8872],{"class":83},[69,156284,473],{"class":87},[69,156286,91],{"class":83},[69,156288,316],{"class":87},[69,156290,91],{"class":83},[69,156292,516],{"class":87},[69,156294,221],{"class":83},[69,156296,156297,156299,156301,156303,156305,156307],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,156298,110],{"class":109},[69,156300,113],{"class":83},[69,156302,10801],{"class":109},[69,156304,113],{"class":83},[69,156306,3512],{"class":121},[69,156308,342],{"class":83},[14,156310,156311],{},[22,156312,643],{},[60,156314,156315],{"className":62,"code":46283,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,156316,156317],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,156318,156319],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,156320,46283],{"class":87},[141,156322,156324],{"id":156323},"when-this-is-useful","When this is useful",[14,156326,156327,156329],{},[17,156328,42025],{}," is helpful when you need to work with tuple size.",[1369,156331,156333],{"id":156332},"checking-whether-a-tuple-is-empty","Checking whether a tuple is empty",[60,156335,156337],{"className":62,"code":156336,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = ()\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The tuple is empty\")\n",[17,156338,156339,156347,156351,156369],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,156340,156341,156343,156345],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,156342,7409],{"class":75},[69,156344,80],{"class":79},[69,156346,149003],{"class":83},[69,156348,156349],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,156350,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,156352,156353,156355,156357,156359,156361,156363,156365,156367],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,156354,6625],{"class":773},[69,156356,38048],{"class":109},[69,156358,113],{"class":83},[69,156360,7440],{"class":121},[69,156362,3525],{"class":83},[69,156364,1251],{"class":79},[69,156366,267],{"class":87},[69,156368,1235],{"class":83},[69,156370,156371,156373,156375,156377,156380,156382],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,156372,7700],{"class":109},[69,156374,113],{"class":83},[69,156376,333],{"class":94},[69,156378,156379],{"class":336},"The tuple is empty",[69,156381,333],{"class":94},[69,156383,221],{"class":83},[14,156385,156386],{},[22,156387,643],{},[60,156389,156391],{"className":62,"code":156390,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"The tuple is empty\n",[17,156392,156393],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,156394,156395,156397,156399,156401],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,156396,1845],{"class":75},[69,156398,48620],{"class":1126},[69,156400,7728],{"class":79},[69,156402,7734],{"class":75},[1369,156404,156406],{"id":156405},"validating-how-many-values-were-stored","Validating how many values were stored",[60,156408,156410],{"className":62,"code":156409,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"point = (4, 7)\n\nif len(point) == 2:\n    print(\"This looks like an x, y coordinate\")\n",[17,156411,156412,156428,156432,156450],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,156413,156414,156416,156418,156420,156422,156424,156426],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,156415,51053],{"class":75},[69,156417,80],{"class":79},[69,156419,8872],{"class":83},[69,156421,808],{"class":87},[69,156423,91],{"class":83},[69,156425,813],{"class":87},[69,156427,221],{"class":83},[69,156429,156430],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,156431,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,156433,156434,156436,156438,156440,156442,156444,156446,156448],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,156435,6625],{"class":773},[69,156437,38048],{"class":109},[69,156439,113],{"class":83},[69,156441,51078],{"class":121},[69,156443,3525],{"class":83},[69,156445,1251],{"class":79},[69,156447,316],{"class":87},[69,156449,1235],{"class":83},[69,156451,156452,156454,156456,156458,156461,156463],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,156453,7700],{"class":109},[69,156455,113],{"class":83},[69,156457,333],{"class":94},[69,156459,156460],{"class":336},"This looks like an x, y coordinate",[69,156462,333],{"class":94},[69,156464,221],{"class":83},[14,156466,156467],{},[22,156468,643],{},[60,156470,156472],{"className":62,"code":156471,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"This looks like an x, y coordinate\n",[17,156473,156474],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,156475,156476,156479,156481],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,156477,156478],{"class":75},"This looks like an x",[69,156480,91],{"class":83},[69,156482,156483],{"class":75}," y coordinate\n",[1369,156485,156487],{"id":156486},"using-tuple-size-in-conditions","Using tuple size in conditions",[60,156489,156491],{"className":62,"code":156490,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"user = (\"Ana\", 25, \"Canada\")\n\nif len(user) == 3:\n    print(\"User record has the expected number of values\")\n",[17,156492,156493,156522,156526,156544],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,156494,156495,156497,156499,156501,156503,156505,156507,156509,156511,156513,156515,156518,156520],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,156496,11129],{"class":75},[69,156498,80],{"class":79},[69,156500,8872],{"class":83},[69,156502,333],{"class":94},[69,156504,12524],{"class":336},[69,156506,333],{"class":94},[69,156508,91],{"class":83},[69,156510,8942],{"class":87},[69,156512,91],{"class":83},[69,156514,964],{"class":94},[69,156516,156517],{"class":336},"Canada",[69,156519,333],{"class":94},[69,156521,221],{"class":83},[69,156523,156524],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,156525,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,156527,156528,156530,156532,156534,156536,156538,156540,156542],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,156529,6625],{"class":773},[69,156531,38048],{"class":109},[69,156533,113],{"class":83},[69,156535,11223],{"class":121},[69,156537,3525],{"class":83},[69,156539,1251],{"class":79},[69,156541,516],{"class":87},[69,156543,1235],{"class":83},[69,156545,156546,156548,156550,156552,156555,156557],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,156547,7700],{"class":109},[69,156549,113],{"class":83},[69,156551,333],{"class":94},[69,156553,156554],{"class":336},"User record has the expected number of values",[69,156556,333],{"class":94},[69,156558,221],{"class":83},[14,156560,156561],{},[22,156562,643],{},[60,156564,156566],{"className":62,"code":156565,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"User record has the expected number of values\n",[17,156567,156568],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,156569,156570],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,156571,156565],{"class":75},[1369,156573,156575],{"id":156574},"looping-based-on-the-number-of-items","Looping based on the number of items",[60,156577,156579],{"className":62,"code":156578,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nfor i in range(len(letters)):\n    print(i, letters[i])\n",[17,156580,156581,156613,156617,156637],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,156582,156583,156585,156587,156589,156591,156593,156595,156597,156599,156601,156603,156605,156607,156609,156611],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,156584,35750],{"class":75},[69,156586,80],{"class":79},[69,156588,8872],{"class":83},[69,156590,333],{"class":94},[69,156592,192],{"class":336},[69,156594,333],{"class":94},[69,156596,91],{"class":83},[69,156598,964],{"class":94},[69,156600,4587],{"class":336},[69,156602,333],{"class":94},[69,156604,91],{"class":83},[69,156606,964],{"class":94},[69,156608,9376],{"class":336},[69,156610,333],{"class":94},[69,156612,221],{"class":83},[69,156614,156615],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,156616,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,156618,156619,156621,156623,156625,156627,156629,156631,156633,156635],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,156620,774],{"class":773},[69,156622,69220],{"class":75},[69,156624,780],{"class":773},[69,156626,53739],{"class":109},[69,156628,113],{"class":83},[69,156630,10801],{"class":109},[69,156632,113],{"class":83},[69,156634,35803],{"class":121},[69,156636,69235],{"class":83},[69,156638,156639,156641,156643,156645,156647,156649,156651,156653],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,156640,7700],{"class":109},[69,156642,113],{"class":83},[69,156644,35814],{"class":121},[69,156646,91],{"class":83},[69,156648,69768],{"class":121},[69,156650,3739],{"class":83},[69,156652,35814],{"class":121},[69,156654,3727],{"class":83},[14,156656,156657],{},[22,156658,643],{},[60,156660,156661],{"className":62,"code":35826,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,156662,156663,156669,156675],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,156664,156665,156667],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,156666,88],{"class":87},[69,156668,35835],{"class":75},[69,156670,156671,156673],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,156672,473],{"class":87},[69,156674,35842],{"class":75},[69,156676,156677,156679],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,156678,821],{"class":87},[69,156680,35849],{"class":75},[14,156682,156683,156684,156686,156687,25],{},"If you want to access values by position, read ",[192,156685,149334],{"href":149333},". To work with parts of a tuple, see ",[192,156688,150578],{"href":150577},[141,156690,2698],{"id":2697},[14,156692,156693],{},"These are some common causes of confusion:",[30,156695,156696,156704,156711,156716],{},[33,156697,156698,156699,10731,156702],{},"Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple, such as writing ",[17,156700,156701],{},"(5)",[17,156703,149168],{},[33,156705,8050,156706,156708,156709],{},[17,156707,10801],{}," as a variable name and then trying to call ",[17,156710,42025],{},[33,156712,8086,156713,156715],{},[17,156714,42025],{}," to count characters across all tuple items",[33,156717,156718],{},"Passing a non-tuple value by mistake",[14,156720,31738],{},[60,156722,156724],{"className":62,"code":156723,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nhelp(len)\n",[17,156725,156726,156736,156750,156764],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,156727,156728,156730,156732,156734],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,156729,110],{"class":109},[69,156731,113],{"class":83},[69,156733,147679],{"class":121},[69,156735,221],{"class":83},[69,156737,156738,156740,156742,156744,156746,156748],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,156739,110],{"class":109},[69,156741,113],{"class":83},[69,156743,3087],{"class":1126},[69,156745,113],{"class":83},[69,156747,147679],{"class":121},[69,156749,342],{"class":83},[69,156751,156752,156754,156756,156758,156760,156762],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,156753,110],{"class":109},[69,156755,113],{"class":83},[69,156757,10801],{"class":109},[69,156759,113],{"class":83},[69,156761,147679],{"class":121},[69,156763,342],{"class":83},[69,156765,156766,156768,156770,156772],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,156767,31808],{"class":109},[69,156769,113],{"class":83},[69,156771,10801],{"class":109},[69,156773,221],{"class":83},[14,156775,154888],{},[30,156777,156778,156781,156784,156788],{},[33,156779,156780],{},"what value you are using",[33,156782,156783],{},"whether it is really a tuple",[33,156785,25672,156786,11347],{},[17,156787,42025],{},[33,156789,123052,156790,156792],{},[17,156791,42025],{}," is documented in Python",[141,156794,1651],{"id":1650},[1369,156796,156798],{"id":156797},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-tuple-in-python","How do I get the length of a tuple in Python?",[14,156800,132,156801,156804],{},[17,156802,156803],{},"len(your_tuple)",". It returns the number of items in the tuple.",[1369,156806,12347,156808,148838],{"id":156807},"does-len-change-the-tuple",[17,156809,42025],{},[14,156811,46031,156812,156814],{},[17,156813,42025],{}," only returns a count. It does not modify the tuple.",[1369,156816,156818],{"id":156817},"what-is-the-length-of-an-empty-tuple","What is the length of an empty tuple?",[14,156820,156821,156822,25],{},"The length is ",[17,156823,88],{},[1369,156825,156827],{"id":156826},"how-do-i-make-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I make a tuple with one item?",[14,156829,150524,156830,156832],{},[17,156831,150527],{},". Without the comma, Python does not treat it as a one-item tuple.",[1369,156834,12347,156836,156838],{"id":156835},"does-len-count-items-inside-nested-tuples",[17,156837,42025],{}," count items inside nested tuples?",[14,156840,156841],{},"It counts only the top-level items in the outer tuple.",[141,156843,1771],{"id":1770},[30,156845,156846,156852,156856,156860,156864],{},[33,156847,156848],{},[192,156849,3441,156850,1780],{"href":42022},[17,156851,42025],{},[33,156853,156854],{},[192,156855,155753],{"href":147664},[33,156857,156858],{},[192,156859,149334],{"href":149333},[33,156861,156862],{},[192,156863,150578],{"href":150577},[33,156865,156866],{},[192,156867,156868],{"href":148964},"What is a tuple in Python",[1802,156870,156871],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":156873},[156874,156875,156876,156883,156889,156898,156904,156905,156914],{"id":14808,"depth":106,"text":14809},{"id":2023,"depth":106,"text":2024},{"id":155241,"depth":106,"text":156877,"children":156878},"What len() returns for a tuple",[156879,156880,156881,156882],{"id":155253,"depth":300,"text":155254},{"id":155320,"depth":300,"text":155321},{"id":155365,"depth":300,"text":155366},{"id":155414,"depth":300,"text":155415},{"id":155503,"depth":106,"text":155504,"children":156884},[156885,156886,156887,156888],{"id":155507,"depth":300,"text":155508},{"id":155582,"depth":300,"text":155321},{"id":155624,"depth":300,"text":155625},{"id":155758,"depth":300,"text":155759},{"id":155842,"depth":106,"text":155843,"children":156890},[156891,156893,156895,156896],{"id":155846,"depth":300,"text":156892},"len() counts items, not characters inside strings",{"id":155984,"depth":300,"text":156894},"len() counts top-level tuple elements only",{"id":156060,"depth":300,"text":156061},{"id":156195,"depth":300,"text":156897},"len is a function name and should not be overwritten",{"id":156323,"depth":106,"text":156324,"children":156899},[156900,156901,156902,156903],{"id":156332,"depth":300,"text":156333},{"id":156405,"depth":300,"text":156406},{"id":156486,"depth":300,"text":156487},{"id":156574,"depth":300,"text":156575},{"id":2697,"depth":106,"text":2698},{"id":1650,"depth":106,"text":1651,"children":156906},[156907,156908,156910,156911,156912],{"id":156797,"depth":300,"text":156798},{"id":156807,"depth":300,"text":156909},"Does len() change the tuple?",{"id":156817,"depth":300,"text":156818},{"id":156826,"depth":300,"text":156827},{"id":156835,"depth":300,"text":156913},"Does len() count items inside nested tuples?",{"id":1770,"depth":106,"text":1771},"Master python tuple length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len",{"title":155025,"description":156915},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len","g9bXnSTfHR3GhI-V2fOG-ILQ3BF1aF8i67PNhSzLJFU",{"id":156922,"title":156923,"body":156924,"description":159309,"extension":1828,"meta":159310,"navigation":833,"path":159311,"seo":159312,"stem":159313,"__hash__":159314},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained.md","Python Tuple Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":156925,"toc":159270},[156926,156929,156932,156935,156958,156964,156966,157077,157081,157084,157094,157096,157195,157197,157274,157280,157284,157287,157310,157313,157330,157333,157335,157398,157400,157417,157428,157433,157435,157438,157444,157495,157497,157517,157521,157572,157574,157595,157599,157654,157656,157677,157681,157736,157738,157759,157763,157816,157818,157847,157849,157851,157854,157858,157915,157917,157938,157942,157995,157997,158022,158027,158031,158036,158054,158057,158120,158122,158143,158146,158207,158209,158230,158233,158276,158279,158283,158288,158292,158371,158373,158404,158408,158483,158485,158512,158516,158563,158565,158573,158578,158582,158585,158600,158602,158690,158692,158717,158720,158763,158772,158774,158777,158792,158795,158799,158853,158855,158875,158880,158884,158886,158924,158927,158977,158981,159054,159056,159093,159096,159098,159101,159121,159124,159193,159195,159208,159210,159214,159217,159221,159224,159229,159232,159238,159243,159245,159267],[10,156927,156923],{"id":156928},"python-tuple-slicing-explained",[14,156930,156931],{},"Tuple slicing lets you get part of a tuple by using square brackets and colons. It is a simple way to take a range of values, skip values with a step, or reverse a tuple.",[14,156933,156934],{},"Use this format:",[60,156936,156938],{"className":62,"code":156937,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[17,156939,156940],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,156941,156942,156944,156946,156948,156950,156952,156954,156956],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,156943,48620],{"class":75},[69,156945,3739],{"class":83},[69,156947,35732],{"class":75},[69,156949,1044],{"class":83},[69,156951,75098],{"class":75},[69,156953,1044],{"class":83},[69,156955,75101],{"class":75},[69,156957,103],{"class":83},[14,156959,1845,156960,75134,156962,25],{},[17,156961,75098],{},[22,156963,64741],{},[141,156965,1870],{"id":1869},[60,156967,156969],{"className":62,"code":156968,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # (20, 30, 40)\nprint(numbers[:3])    # (10, 20, 30)\nprint(numbers[::2])   # (10, 30, 50)\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[17,156970,156971,156999,157003,157024,157041,157058],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,156972,156973,156975,156977,156979,156981,156983,156985,156987,156989,156991,156993,156995,156997],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,156974,801],{"class":75},[69,156976,80],{"class":79},[69,156978,8872],{"class":83},[69,156980,2197],{"class":87},[69,156982,91],{"class":83},[69,156984,7420],{"class":87},[69,156986,91],{"class":83},[69,156988,7425],{"class":87},[69,156990,91],{"class":83},[69,156992,50511],{"class":87},[69,156994,91],{"class":83},[69,156996,4908],{"class":87},[69,156998,221],{"class":83},[69,157000,157001],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,157002,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,157004,157005,157007,157009,157011,157013,157015,157017,157019,157021],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,157006,110],{"class":109},[69,157008,113],{"class":83},[69,157010,3512],{"class":121},[69,157012,3739],{"class":83},[69,157014,473],{"class":87},[69,157016,1044],{"class":83},[69,157018,808],{"class":87},[69,157020,20096],{"class":83},[69,157022,157023],{"class":128},"   # (20, 30, 40)\n",[69,157025,157026,157028,157030,157032,157034,157036,157038],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,157027,110],{"class":109},[69,157029,113],{"class":83},[69,157031,3512],{"class":121},[69,157033,75207],{"class":83},[69,157035,1929],{"class":87},[69,157037,20096],{"class":83},[69,157039,157040],{"class":128},"    # (10, 20, 30)\n",[69,157042,157043,157045,157047,157049,157051,157053,157055],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,157044,110],{"class":109},[69,157046,113],{"class":83},[69,157048,3512],{"class":121},[69,157050,73794],{"class":83},[69,157052,821],{"class":87},[69,157054,20096],{"class":83},[69,157056,157057],{"class":128},"   # (10, 30, 50)\n",[69,157059,157060,157062,157064,157066,157068,157070,157072,157074],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,157061,110],{"class":109},[69,157063,113],{"class":83},[69,157065,3512],{"class":121},[69,157067,73794],{"class":83},[69,157069,1889],{"class":79},[69,157071,473],{"class":87},[69,157073,20096],{"class":83},[69,157075,157076],{"class":128},"  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[141,157078,157080],{"id":157079},"what-tuple-slicing-means","What tuple slicing means",[14,157082,157083],{},"Slicing gets part of a tuple.",[30,157085,157086,157088,157091],{},[33,157087,75401],{},[33,157089,157090],{},"The result is a new tuple",[33,157092,157093],{},"It does not change the original tuple",[14,157095,2076],{},[60,157097,157099],{"className":62,"code":157098,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\")\n\npart = letters[1:4]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(letters)\n",[17,157100,157101,157149,157153,157171,157175,157185],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,157102,157103,157105,157107,157109,157111,157113,157115,157117,157119,157121,157123,157125,157127,157129,157131,157133,157135,157137,157139,157141,157143,157145,157147],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,157104,35750],{"class":75},[69,157106,80],{"class":79},[69,157108,8872],{"class":83},[69,157110,333],{"class":94},[69,157112,192],{"class":336},[69,157114,333],{"class":94},[69,157116,91],{"class":83},[69,157118,964],{"class":94},[69,157120,4587],{"class":336},[69,157122,333],{"class":94},[69,157124,91],{"class":83},[69,157126,964],{"class":94},[69,157128,9376],{"class":336},[69,157130,333],{"class":94},[69,157132,91],{"class":83},[69,157134,964],{"class":94},[69,157136,18417],{"class":336},[69,157138,333],{"class":94},[69,157140,91],{"class":83},[69,157142,964],{"class":94},[69,157144,60118],{"class":336},[69,157146,333],{"class":94},[69,157148,221],{"class":83},[69,157150,157151],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,157152,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,157154,157155,157157,157159,157161,157163,157165,157167,157169],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,157156,75331],{"class":75},[69,157158,80],{"class":79},[69,157160,69768],{"class":75},[69,157162,3739],{"class":83},[69,157164,473],{"class":87},[69,157166,1044],{"class":83},[69,157168,808],{"class":87},[69,157170,103],{"class":83},[69,157172,157173],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,157174,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,157176,157177,157179,157181,157183],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,157178,110],{"class":109},[69,157180,113],{"class":83},[69,157182,75354],{"class":121},[69,157184,221],{"class":83},[69,157186,157187,157189,157191,157193],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,157188,110],{"class":109},[69,157190,113],{"class":83},[69,157192,35803],{"class":121},[69,157194,221],{"class":83},[14,157196,643],{},[60,157198,157200],{"className":62,"code":157199,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"('b', 'c', 'd')\n('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e')\n",[17,157201,157202,157230],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,157203,157204,157206,157208,157210,157212,157214,157216,157218,157220,157222,157224,157226,157228],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,157205,113],{"class":83},[69,157207,488],{"class":94},[69,157209,4587],{"class":336},[69,157211,488],{"class":94},[69,157213,91],{"class":83},[69,157215,3161],{"class":94},[69,157217,9376],{"class":336},[69,157219,488],{"class":94},[69,157221,91],{"class":83},[69,157223,3161],{"class":94},[69,157225,18417],{"class":336},[69,157227,488],{"class":94},[69,157229,221],{"class":83},[69,157231,157232,157234,157236,157238,157240,157242,157244,157246,157248,157250,157252,157254,157256,157258,157260,157262,157264,157266,157268,157270,157272],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,157233,113],{"class":83},[69,157235,488],{"class":94},[69,157237,192],{"class":336},[69,157239,488],{"class":94},[69,157241,91],{"class":83},[69,157243,3161],{"class":94},[69,157245,4587],{"class":336},[69,157247,488],{"class":94},[69,157249,91],{"class":83},[69,157251,3161],{"class":94},[69,157253,9376],{"class":336},[69,157255,488],{"class":94},[69,157257,91],{"class":83},[69,157259,3161],{"class":94},[69,157261,18417],{"class":336},[69,157263,488],{"class":94},[69,157265,91],{"class":83},[69,157267,3161],{"class":94},[69,157269,60118],{"class":336},[69,157271,488],{"class":94},[69,157273,221],{"class":83},[14,157275,157276,157277,25],{},"The original tuple stays the same because tuples are immutable. If you are new to tuples, see ",[192,157278,147661],{"href":157279},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained",[141,157281,157283],{"id":157282},"basic-slice-syntax","Basic slice syntax",[14,157285,157286],{},"The full syntax is:",[60,157288,157290],{"className":62,"code":157289,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[17,157291,157292],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,157293,157294,157296,157298,157300,157302,157304,157306,157308],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,157295,147679],{"class":75},[69,157297,3739],{"class":83},[69,157299,35732],{"class":75},[69,157301,1044],{"class":83},[69,157303,75098],{"class":75},[69,157305,1044],{"class":83},[69,157307,75101],{"class":75},[69,157309,103],{"class":83},[14,157311,157312],{},"Each part has a job:",[30,157314,157315,157320,157325],{},[33,157316,157317,157319],{},[17,157318,35732],{},": where slicing begins",[33,157321,157322,157324],{},[17,157323,75098],{},": where slicing ends, but that index is not included",[33,157326,157327,157329],{},[17,157328,75101],{},": how many positions to move each time",[14,157331,157332],{},"All three parts are optional.",[14,157334,2076],{},[60,157336,157338],{"className":62,"code":157337,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:5:2])\n",[17,157339,157340,157372,157376],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,157341,157342,157344,157346,157348,157350,157352,157354,157356,157358,157360,157362,157364,157366,157368,157370],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,157343,801],{"class":75},[69,157345,80],{"class":79},[69,157347,8872],{"class":83},[69,157349,2197],{"class":87},[69,157351,91],{"class":83},[69,157353,7420],{"class":87},[69,157355,91],{"class":83},[69,157357,7425],{"class":87},[69,157359,91],{"class":83},[69,157361,50511],{"class":87},[69,157363,91],{"class":83},[69,157365,4908],{"class":87},[69,157367,91],{"class":83},[69,157369,75772],{"class":87},[69,157371,221],{"class":83},[69,157373,157374],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,157375,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,157377,157378,157380,157382,157384,157386,157388,157390,157392,157394,157396],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,157379,110],{"class":109},[69,157381,113],{"class":83},[69,157383,3512],{"class":121},[69,157385,3739],{"class":83},[69,157387,473],{"class":87},[69,157389,1044],{"class":83},[69,157391,670],{"class":87},[69,157393,1044],{"class":83},[69,157395,821],{"class":87},[69,157397,3727],{"class":83},[14,157399,643],{},[60,157401,157403],{"className":62,"code":157402,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"(20, 40)\n",[17,157404,157405],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,157406,157407,157409,157411,157413,157415],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,157408,113],{"class":83},[69,157410,15401],{"class":87},[69,157412,91],{"class":83},[69,157414,50511],{"class":87},[69,157416,221],{"class":83},[14,157418,157419,157420,157422,157423,157425,157426,25],{},"This starts at index ",[17,157421,473],{},", stops before index ",[17,157424,670],{},", and moves by ",[17,157427,821],{},[14,157429,157430,157431,25],{},"If you need a refresher on getting a single value, read ",[192,157432,149334],{"href":152760},[141,157434,75688],{"id":75687},[14,157436,157437],{},"These are the most common tuple slice patterns you will use.",[1369,157439,157441,157442,783],{"id":157440},"get-the-first-n-items","Get the first ",[17,157443,75702],{},[60,157445,157447],{"className":62,"code":157446,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:3])\n",[17,157448,157449,157477,157481],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,157450,157451,157453,157455,157457,157459,157461,157463,157465,157467,157469,157471,157473,157475],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,157452,801],{"class":75},[69,157454,80],{"class":79},[69,157456,8872],{"class":83},[69,157458,2197],{"class":87},[69,157460,91],{"class":83},[69,157462,7420],{"class":87},[69,157464,91],{"class":83},[69,157466,7425],{"class":87},[69,157468,91],{"class":83},[69,157470,50511],{"class":87},[69,157472,91],{"class":83},[69,157474,4908],{"class":87},[69,157476,221],{"class":83},[69,157478,157479],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,157480,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,157482,157483,157485,157487,157489,157491,157493],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,157484,110],{"class":109},[69,157486,113],{"class":83},[69,157488,3512],{"class":121},[69,157490,75207],{"class":83},[69,157492,1929],{"class":87},[69,157494,3727],{"class":83},[14,157496,643],{},[60,157498,157499],{"className":62,"code":151026,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,157500,157501],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,157502,157503,157505,157507,157509,157511,157513,157515],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,157504,113],{"class":83},[69,157506,2197],{"class":87},[69,157508,91],{"class":83},[69,157510,7420],{"class":87},[69,157512,91],{"class":83},[69,157514,7425],{"class":87},[69,157516,221],{"class":83},[1369,157518,157520],{"id":157519},"get-items-from-an-index-to-the-end","Get items from an index to the end",[60,157522,157524],{"className":62,"code":157523,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[2:])\n",[17,157525,157526,157554,157558],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,157527,157528,157530,157532,157534,157536,157538,157540,157542,157544,157546,157548,157550,157552],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,157529,801],{"class":75},[69,157531,80],{"class":79},[69,157533,8872],{"class":83},[69,157535,2197],{"class":87},[69,157537,91],{"class":83},[69,157539,7420],{"class":87},[69,157541,91],{"class":83},[69,157543,7425],{"class":87},[69,157545,91],{"class":83},[69,157547,50511],{"class":87},[69,157549,91],{"class":83},[69,157551,4908],{"class":87},[69,157553,221],{"class":83},[69,157555,157556],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,157557,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,157559,157560,157562,157564,157566,157568,157570],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,157561,110],{"class":109},[69,157563,113],{"class":83},[69,157565,3512],{"class":121},[69,157567,3739],{"class":83},[69,157569,821],{"class":87},[69,157571,77388],{"class":83},[14,157573,643],{},[60,157575,157577],{"className":62,"code":157576,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"(30, 40, 50)\n",[17,157578,157579],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,157580,157581,157583,157585,157587,157589,157591,157593],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,157582,113],{"class":83},[69,157584,36502],{"class":87},[69,157586,91],{"class":83},[69,157588,50511],{"class":87},[69,157590,91],{"class":83},[69,157592,4908],{"class":87},[69,157594,221],{"class":83},[1369,157596,157598],{"id":157597},"get-a-range-of-items","Get a range of items",[60,157600,157602],{"className":62,"code":157601,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[17,157603,157604,157632,157636],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,157605,157606,157608,157610,157612,157614,157616,157618,157620,157622,157624,157626,157628,157630],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,157607,801],{"class":75},[69,157609,80],{"class":79},[69,157611,8872],{"class":83},[69,157613,2197],{"class":87},[69,157615,91],{"class":83},[69,157617,7420],{"class":87},[69,157619,91],{"class":83},[69,157621,7425],{"class":87},[69,157623,91],{"class":83},[69,157625,50511],{"class":87},[69,157627,91],{"class":83},[69,157629,4908],{"class":87},[69,157631,221],{"class":83},[69,157633,157634],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,157635,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,157637,157638,157640,157642,157644,157646,157648,157650,157652],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,157639,110],{"class":109},[69,157641,113],{"class":83},[69,157643,3512],{"class":121},[69,157645,3739],{"class":83},[69,157647,473],{"class":87},[69,157649,1044],{"class":83},[69,157651,808],{"class":87},[69,157653,3727],{"class":83},[14,157655,643],{},[60,157657,157659],{"className":62,"code":157658,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"(20, 30, 40)\n",[17,157660,157661],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,157662,157663,157665,157667,157669,157671,157673,157675],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,157664,113],{"class":83},[69,157666,15401],{"class":87},[69,157668,91],{"class":83},[69,157670,7425],{"class":87},[69,157672,91],{"class":83},[69,157674,50511],{"class":87},[69,157676,221],{"class":83},[1369,157678,157680],{"id":157679},"get-every-second-item","Get every second item",[60,157682,157684],{"className":62,"code":157683,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[::2])\n",[17,157685,157686,157718,157722],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,157687,157688,157690,157692,157694,157696,157698,157700,157702,157704,157706,157708,157710,157712,157714,157716],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,157689,801],{"class":75},[69,157691,80],{"class":79},[69,157693,8872],{"class":83},[69,157695,2197],{"class":87},[69,157697,91],{"class":83},[69,157699,7420],{"class":87},[69,157701,91],{"class":83},[69,157703,7425],{"class":87},[69,157705,91],{"class":83},[69,157707,50511],{"class":87},[69,157709,91],{"class":83},[69,157711,4908],{"class":87},[69,157713,91],{"class":83},[69,157715,75772],{"class":87},[69,157717,221],{"class":83},[69,157719,157720],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,157721,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,157723,157724,157726,157728,157730,157732,157734],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,157725,110],{"class":109},[69,157727,113],{"class":83},[69,157729,3512],{"class":121},[69,157731,73794],{"class":83},[69,157733,821],{"class":87},[69,157735,3727],{"class":83},[14,157737,643],{},[60,157739,157741],{"className":62,"code":157740,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"(10, 30, 50)\n",[17,157742,157743],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,157744,157745,157747,157749,157751,157753,157755,157757],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,157746,113],{"class":83},[69,157748,2197],{"class":87},[69,157750,91],{"class":83},[69,157752,7425],{"class":87},[69,157754,91],{"class":83},[69,157756,4908],{"class":87},[69,157758,221],{"class":83},[1369,157760,157762],{"id":157761},"reverse-a-tuple","Reverse a tuple",[60,157764,157766],{"className":62,"code":157765,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[::-1])\n",[17,157767,157768,157796,157800],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,157769,157770,157772,157774,157776,157778,157780,157782,157784,157786,157788,157790,157792,157794],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,157771,801],{"class":75},[69,157773,80],{"class":79},[69,157775,8872],{"class":83},[69,157777,2197],{"class":87},[69,157779,91],{"class":83},[69,157781,7420],{"class":87},[69,157783,91],{"class":83},[69,157785,7425],{"class":87},[69,157787,91],{"class":83},[69,157789,50511],{"class":87},[69,157791,91],{"class":83},[69,157793,4908],{"class":87},[69,157795,221],{"class":83},[69,157797,157798],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,157799,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,157801,157802,157804,157806,157808,157810,157812,157814],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,157803,110],{"class":109},[69,157805,113],{"class":83},[69,157807,3512],{"class":121},[69,157809,73794],{"class":83},[69,157811,1889],{"class":79},[69,157813,473],{"class":87},[69,157815,3727],{"class":83},[14,157817,643],{},[60,157819,157821],{"className":62,"code":157820,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"(50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[17,157822,157823],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,157824,157825,157827,157829,157831,157833,157835,157837,157839,157841,157843,157845],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,157826,113],{"class":83},[69,157828,76466],{"class":87},[69,157830,91],{"class":83},[69,157832,50511],{"class":87},[69,157834,91],{"class":83},[69,157836,7425],{"class":87},[69,157838,91],{"class":83},[69,157840,7420],{"class":87},[69,157842,91],{"class":83},[69,157844,826],{"class":87},[69,157846,221],{"class":83},[141,157848,75982],{"id":75981},[14,157850,154033],{},[14,157852,157853],{},"This is useful when you want values near the end without calculating the tuple length first.",[1369,157855,157857],{"id":157856},"get-the-last-3-items","Get the last 3 items",[60,157859,157861],{"className":62,"code":157860,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[-3:])\n",[17,157862,157863,157895,157899],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,157864,157865,157867,157869,157871,157873,157875,157877,157879,157881,157883,157885,157887,157889,157891,157893],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,157866,801],{"class":75},[69,157868,80],{"class":79},[69,157870,8872],{"class":83},[69,157872,2197],{"class":87},[69,157874,91],{"class":83},[69,157876,7420],{"class":87},[69,157878,91],{"class":83},[69,157880,7425],{"class":87},[69,157882,91],{"class":83},[69,157884,50511],{"class":87},[69,157886,91],{"class":83},[69,157888,4908],{"class":87},[69,157890,91],{"class":83},[69,157892,75772],{"class":87},[69,157894,221],{"class":83},[69,157896,157897],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,157898,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,157900,157901,157903,157905,157907,157909,157911,157913],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,157902,110],{"class":109},[69,157904,113],{"class":83},[69,157906,3512],{"class":121},[69,157908,3739],{"class":83},[69,157910,1889],{"class":79},[69,157912,1929],{"class":87},[69,157914,77388],{"class":83},[14,157916,643],{},[60,157918,157920],{"className":62,"code":157919,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"(40, 50, 60)\n",[17,157921,157922],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,157923,157924,157926,157928,157930,157932,157934,157936],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,157925,113],{"class":83},[69,157927,56362],{"class":87},[69,157929,91],{"class":83},[69,157931,4908],{"class":87},[69,157933,91],{"class":83},[69,157935,75772],{"class":87},[69,157937,221],{"class":83},[1369,157939,157941],{"id":157940},"get-everything-except-the-last-item","Get everything except the last item",[60,157943,157945],{"className":62,"code":157944,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:-1])\n",[17,157946,157947,157975,157979],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,157948,157949,157951,157953,157955,157957,157959,157961,157963,157965,157967,157969,157971,157973],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,157950,801],{"class":75},[69,157952,80],{"class":79},[69,157954,8872],{"class":83},[69,157956,2197],{"class":87},[69,157958,91],{"class":83},[69,157960,7420],{"class":87},[69,157962,91],{"class":83},[69,157964,7425],{"class":87},[69,157966,91],{"class":83},[69,157968,50511],{"class":87},[69,157970,91],{"class":83},[69,157972,4908],{"class":87},[69,157974,221],{"class":83},[69,157976,157977],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,157978,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,157980,157981,157983,157985,157987,157989,157991,157993],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,157982,110],{"class":109},[69,157984,113],{"class":83},[69,157986,3512],{"class":121},[69,157988,75207],{"class":83},[69,157990,1889],{"class":79},[69,157992,473],{"class":87},[69,157994,3727],{"class":83},[14,157996,643],{},[60,157998,158000],{"className":62,"code":157999,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[17,158001,158002],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,158003,158004,158006,158008,158010,158012,158014,158016,158018,158020],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,158005,113],{"class":83},[69,158007,2197],{"class":87},[69,158009,91],{"class":83},[69,158011,7420],{"class":87},[69,158013,91],{"class":83},[69,158015,7425],{"class":87},[69,158017,91],{"class":83},[69,158019,50511],{"class":87},[69,158021,221],{"class":83},[14,158023,158024,158025,25],{},"Negative values are especially helpful when the tuple size may change. If you want to check the size first, see ",[192,158026,150583],{"href":156917},[141,158028,158030],{"id":158029},"step-values-and-reversing","Step values and reversing",[14,158032,1845,158033,158035],{},[17,158034,75101],{}," value controls how slicing moves.",[30,158037,158038,158040,158042,158048],{},[33,158039,76238],{},[33,158041,76241],{},[33,158043,158044,158047],{},[17,158045,158046],{},"tuple[::-1]"," is a common way to reverse a tuple",[33,158049,158050,158051,158053],{},"A step of ",[17,158052,88],{}," is not allowed",[14,158055,158056],{},"Example with a positive step:",[60,158058,158060],{"className":62,"code":158059,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:6:2])\n",[17,158061,158062,158094,158098],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,158063,158064,158066,158068,158070,158072,158074,158076,158078,158080,158082,158084,158086,158088,158090,158092],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,158065,801],{"class":75},[69,158067,80],{"class":79},[69,158069,8872],{"class":83},[69,158071,2197],{"class":87},[69,158073,91],{"class":83},[69,158075,7420],{"class":87},[69,158077,91],{"class":83},[69,158079,7425],{"class":87},[69,158081,91],{"class":83},[69,158083,50511],{"class":87},[69,158085,91],{"class":83},[69,158087,4908],{"class":87},[69,158089,91],{"class":83},[69,158091,75772],{"class":87},[69,158093,221],{"class":83},[69,158095,158096],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,158097,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,158099,158100,158102,158104,158106,158108,158110,158112,158114,158116,158118],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,158101,110],{"class":109},[69,158103,113],{"class":83},[69,158105,3512],{"class":121},[69,158107,3739],{"class":83},[69,158109,473],{"class":87},[69,158111,1044],{"class":83},[69,158113,80266],{"class":87},[69,158115,1044],{"class":83},[69,158117,821],{"class":87},[69,158119,3727],{"class":83},[14,158121,643],{},[60,158123,158125],{"className":62,"code":158124,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"(20, 40, 60)\n",[17,158126,158127],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,158128,158129,158131,158133,158135,158137,158139,158141],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,158130,113],{"class":83},[69,158132,15401],{"class":87},[69,158134,91],{"class":83},[69,158136,50511],{"class":87},[69,158138,91],{"class":83},[69,158140,75772],{"class":87},[69,158142,221],{"class":83},[14,158144,158145],{},"Example with a negative step:",[60,158147,158149],{"className":62,"code":158148,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])\n",[17,158150,158151,158179,158183],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,158152,158153,158155,158157,158159,158161,158163,158165,158167,158169,158171,158173,158175,158177],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,158154,801],{"class":75},[69,158156,80],{"class":79},[69,158158,8872],{"class":83},[69,158160,2197],{"class":87},[69,158162,91],{"class":83},[69,158164,7420],{"class":87},[69,158166,91],{"class":83},[69,158168,7425],{"class":87},[69,158170,91],{"class":83},[69,158172,50511],{"class":87},[69,158174,91],{"class":83},[69,158176,4908],{"class":87},[69,158178,221],{"class":83},[69,158180,158181],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,158182,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,158184,158185,158187,158189,158191,158193,158195,158197,158199,158201,158203,158205],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,158186,110],{"class":109},[69,158188,113],{"class":83},[69,158190,3512],{"class":121},[69,158192,3739],{"class":83},[69,158194,808],{"class":87},[69,158196,1044],{"class":83},[69,158198,473],{"class":87},[69,158200,1044],{"class":83},[69,158202,1889],{"class":79},[69,158204,473],{"class":87},[69,158206,3727],{"class":83},[14,158208,643],{},[60,158210,158212],{"className":62,"code":158211,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"(50, 40, 30)\n",[17,158213,158214],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,158215,158216,158218,158220,158222,158224,158226,158228],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,158217,113],{"class":83},[69,158219,76466],{"class":87},[69,158221,91],{"class":83},[69,158223,50511],{"class":87},[69,158225,91],{"class":83},[69,158227,7425],{"class":87},[69,158229,221],{"class":83},[14,158231,158232],{},"Be careful with this invalid slice:",[60,158234,158236],{"className":62,"code":158235,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[17,158237,158238,158258,158262],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,158239,158240,158242,158244,158246,158248,158250,158252,158254,158256],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,158241,801],{"class":75},[69,158243,80],{"class":79},[69,158245,8872],{"class":83},[69,158247,2197],{"class":87},[69,158249,91],{"class":83},[69,158251,7420],{"class":87},[69,158253,91],{"class":83},[69,158255,7425],{"class":87},[69,158257,221],{"class":83},[69,158259,158260],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,158261,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,158263,158264,158266,158268,158270,158272,158274],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,158265,110],{"class":109},[69,158267,113],{"class":83},[69,158269,3512],{"class":121},[69,158271,73794],{"class":83},[69,158273,88],{"class":87},[69,158275,3727],{"class":83},[14,158277,158278],{},"This raises an error because the step cannot be zero.",[141,158280,158282],{"id":158281},"what-slicing-returns","What slicing returns",[14,158284,158285,158286,33398],{},"A tuple slice returns a ",[22,158287,48620],{},[1369,158289,158291],{"id":158290},"a-normal-slice-returns-a-tuple","A normal slice returns a tuple",[60,158293,158295],{"className":62,"code":158294,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nresult = numbers[1:3]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[17,158296,158297,158321,158325,158343,158347,158357],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,158298,158299,158301,158303,158305,158307,158309,158311,158313,158315,158317,158319],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,158300,801],{"class":75},[69,158302,80],{"class":79},[69,158304,8872],{"class":83},[69,158306,2197],{"class":87},[69,158308,91],{"class":83},[69,158310,7420],{"class":87},[69,158312,91],{"class":83},[69,158314,7425],{"class":87},[69,158316,91],{"class":83},[69,158318,50511],{"class":87},[69,158320,221],{"class":83},[69,158322,158323],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,158324,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,158326,158327,158329,158331,158333,158335,158337,158339,158341],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,158328,839],{"class":75},[69,158330,80],{"class":79},[69,158332,865],{"class":75},[69,158334,3739],{"class":83},[69,158336,473],{"class":87},[69,158338,1044],{"class":83},[69,158340,1929],{"class":87},[69,158342,103],{"class":83},[69,158344,158345],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,158346,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,158348,158349,158351,158353,158355],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,158350,110],{"class":109},[69,158352,113],{"class":83},[69,158354,876],{"class":121},[69,158356,221],{"class":83},[69,158358,158359,158361,158363,158365,158367,158369],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,158360,110],{"class":109},[69,158362,113],{"class":83},[69,158364,3087],{"class":1126},[69,158366,113],{"class":83},[69,158368,876],{"class":121},[69,158370,342],{"class":83},[14,158372,643],{},[60,158374,158376],{"className":62,"code":158375,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"(20, 30)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[17,158377,158378,158390],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,158379,158380,158382,158384,158386,158388],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,158381,113],{"class":83},[69,158383,15401],{"class":87},[69,158385,91],{"class":83},[69,158387,7425],{"class":87},[69,158389,221],{"class":83},[69,158391,158392,158394,158396,158398,158400,158402],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,158393,852],{"class":79},[69,158395,3158],{"class":1932},[69,158397,3161],{"class":94},[69,158399,48620],{"class":336},[69,158401,488],{"class":94},[69,158403,3168],{"class":79},[1369,158405,158407],{"id":158406},"a-one-item-slice-is-still-a-tuple","A one-item slice is still a tuple",[60,158409,158411],{"className":62,"code":158410,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nresult = numbers[1:2]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[17,158412,158413,158433,158437,158455,158459,158469],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,158414,158415,158417,158419,158421,158423,158425,158427,158429,158431],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,158416,801],{"class":75},[69,158418,80],{"class":79},[69,158420,8872],{"class":83},[69,158422,2197],{"class":87},[69,158424,91],{"class":83},[69,158426,7420],{"class":87},[69,158428,91],{"class":83},[69,158430,7425],{"class":87},[69,158432,221],{"class":83},[69,158434,158435],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,158436,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,158438,158439,158441,158443,158445,158447,158449,158451,158453],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,158440,839],{"class":75},[69,158442,80],{"class":79},[69,158444,865],{"class":75},[69,158446,3739],{"class":83},[69,158448,473],{"class":87},[69,158450,1044],{"class":83},[69,158452,821],{"class":87},[69,158454,103],{"class":83},[69,158456,158457],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,158458,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,158460,158461,158463,158465,158467],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,158462,110],{"class":109},[69,158464,113],{"class":83},[69,158466,876],{"class":121},[69,158468,221],{"class":83},[69,158470,158471,158473,158475,158477,158479,158481],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,158472,110],{"class":109},[69,158474,113],{"class":83},[69,158476,3087],{"class":1126},[69,158478,113],{"class":83},[69,158480,876],{"class":121},[69,158482,342],{"class":83},[14,158484,643],{},[60,158486,158488],{"className":62,"code":158487,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"(20,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[17,158489,158490,158498],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,158491,158492,158494,158496],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,158493,113],{"class":83},[69,158495,15401],{"class":87},[69,158497,149017],{"class":83},[69,158499,158500,158502,158504,158506,158508,158510],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,158501,852],{"class":79},[69,158503,3158],{"class":1932},[69,158505,3161],{"class":94},[69,158507,48620],{"class":336},[69,158509,488],{"class":94},[69,158511,3168],{"class":79},[1369,158513,158515],{"id":158514},"an-empty-slice-returns-an-empty-tuple","An empty slice returns an empty tuple",[60,158517,158519],{"className":62,"code":158518,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5:8])\n",[17,158520,158521,158541,158545],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,158522,158523,158525,158527,158529,158531,158533,158535,158537,158539],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,158524,801],{"class":75},[69,158526,80],{"class":79},[69,158528,8872],{"class":83},[69,158530,2197],{"class":87},[69,158532,91],{"class":83},[69,158534,7420],{"class":87},[69,158536,91],{"class":83},[69,158538,7425],{"class":87},[69,158540,221],{"class":83},[69,158542,158543],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,158544,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,158546,158547,158549,158551,158553,158555,158557,158559,158561],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,158548,110],{"class":109},[69,158550,113],{"class":83},[69,158552,3512],{"class":121},[69,158554,3739],{"class":83},[69,158556,670],{"class":87},[69,158558,1044],{"class":83},[69,158560,2212],{"class":87},[69,158562,3727],{"class":83},[14,158564,643],{},[60,158566,158567],{"className":62,"code":8277,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,158568,158569],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,158570,158571],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,158572,8277],{"class":83},[14,158574,158575,158576,25],{},"If you need help creating tuples correctly, including one-item tuples, see ",[192,158577,155753],{"href":150640},[141,158579,158581],{"id":158580},"tuple-slicing-vs-tuple-indexing","Tuple slicing vs tuple indexing",[14,158583,158584],{},"Slicing and indexing are related, but they are not the same.",[30,158586,158587,158589,158592,158597],{},[33,158588,76547],{},[33,158590,158591],{},"Slicing gets multiple items or a range",[33,158593,158594,158595],{},"Indexing can raise ",[17,158596,70403],{},[33,158598,158599],{},"Slicing usually returns an empty tuple if the range does not match",[14,158601,2076],{},[60,158603,158605],{"className":62,"code":158604,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[1])    # one item\nprint(numbers[1:5])  # slice\nprint(numbers[5:8])  # empty slice\n",[17,158606,158607,158627,158631,158648,158669],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,158608,158609,158611,158613,158615,158617,158619,158621,158623,158625],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,158610,801],{"class":75},[69,158612,80],{"class":79},[69,158614,8872],{"class":83},[69,158616,2197],{"class":87},[69,158618,91],{"class":83},[69,158620,7420],{"class":87},[69,158622,91],{"class":83},[69,158624,7425],{"class":87},[69,158626,221],{"class":83},[69,158628,158629],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,158630,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,158632,158633,158635,158637,158639,158641,158643,158645],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,158634,110],{"class":109},[69,158636,113],{"class":83},[69,158638,3512],{"class":121},[69,158640,3739],{"class":83},[69,158642,473],{"class":87},[69,158644,20096],{"class":83},[69,158646,158647],{"class":128},"    # one item\n",[69,158649,158650,158652,158654,158656,158658,158660,158662,158664,158666],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,158651,110],{"class":109},[69,158653,113],{"class":83},[69,158655,3512],{"class":121},[69,158657,3739],{"class":83},[69,158659,473],{"class":87},[69,158661,1044],{"class":83},[69,158663,670],{"class":87},[69,158665,20096],{"class":83},[69,158667,158668],{"class":128},"  # slice\n",[69,158670,158671,158673,158675,158677,158679,158681,158683,158685,158687],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,158672,110],{"class":109},[69,158674,113],{"class":83},[69,158676,3512],{"class":121},[69,158678,3739],{"class":83},[69,158680,670],{"class":87},[69,158682,1044],{"class":83},[69,158684,2212],{"class":87},[69,158686,20096],{"class":83},[69,158688,158689],{"class":128},"  # empty slice\n",[14,158691,643],{},[60,158693,158695],{"className":62,"code":158694,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"20\n(20, 30)\n()\n",[17,158696,158697,158701,158713],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,158698,158699],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,158700,70896],{"class":87},[69,158702,158703,158705,158707,158709,158711],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,158704,113],{"class":83},[69,158706,15401],{"class":87},[69,158708,91],{"class":83},[69,158710,7425],{"class":87},[69,158712,221],{"class":83},[69,158714,158715],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,158716,8277],{"class":83},[14,158718,158719],{},"Now compare that with invalid indexing:",[60,158721,158723],{"className":62,"code":158722,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[17,158724,158725,158745,158749],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,158726,158727,158729,158731,158733,158735,158737,158739,158741,158743],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,158728,801],{"class":75},[69,158730,80],{"class":79},[69,158732,8872],{"class":83},[69,158734,2197],{"class":87},[69,158736,91],{"class":83},[69,158738,7420],{"class":87},[69,158740,91],{"class":83},[69,158742,7425],{"class":87},[69,158744,221],{"class":83},[69,158746,158747],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,158748,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,158750,158751,158753,158755,158757,158759,158761],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,158752,110],{"class":109},[69,158754,113],{"class":83},[69,158756,3512],{"class":121},[69,158758,3739],{"class":83},[69,158760,670],{"class":87},[69,158762,3727],{"class":83},[14,158764,158765,158766,158768,158769,25],{},"This raises an ",[17,158767,70403],{},". If you run into that problem, read ",[192,158770,154506],{"href":158771},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix",[141,158773,14823],{"id":76814},[14,158775,158776],{},"These are the most common tuple slicing mistakes:",[30,158778,158779,158782,158784,158787],{},[33,158780,158781],{},"Thinking the stop index is included",[33,158783,60363],{},[33,158785,158786],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original tuple",[33,158788,158789,158790],{},"Forgetting that step cannot be ",[17,158791,88],{},[14,158793,158794],{},"Here are a few examples.",[1369,158796,158798],{"id":158797},"mistake-thinking-the-stop-index-is-included","Mistake: thinking the stop index is included",[60,158800,158801],{"className":62,"code":157601,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,158802,158803,158831,158835],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,158804,158805,158807,158809,158811,158813,158815,158817,158819,158821,158823,158825,158827,158829],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,158806,801],{"class":75},[69,158808,80],{"class":79},[69,158810,8872],{"class":83},[69,158812,2197],{"class":87},[69,158814,91],{"class":83},[69,158816,7420],{"class":87},[69,158818,91],{"class":83},[69,158820,7425],{"class":87},[69,158822,91],{"class":83},[69,158824,50511],{"class":87},[69,158826,91],{"class":83},[69,158828,4908],{"class":87},[69,158830,221],{"class":83},[69,158832,158833],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,158834,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,158836,158837,158839,158841,158843,158845,158847,158849,158851],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,158838,110],{"class":109},[69,158840,113],{"class":83},[69,158842,3512],{"class":121},[69,158844,3739],{"class":83},[69,158846,473],{"class":87},[69,158848,1044],{"class":83},[69,158850,808],{"class":87},[69,158852,3727],{"class":83},[14,158854,643],{},[60,158856,158857],{"className":62,"code":157658,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,158858,158859],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,158860,158861,158863,158865,158867,158869,158871,158873],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,158862,113],{"class":83},[69,158864,15401],{"class":87},[69,158866,91],{"class":83},[69,158868,7425],{"class":87},[69,158870,91],{"class":83},[69,158872,50511],{"class":87},[69,158874,221],{"class":83},[14,158876,132085,158877,158879],{},[17,158878,808],{}," is not included.",[1369,158881,158883],{"id":158882},"mistake-using-parentheses","Mistake: using parentheses",[14,158885,1375],{},[60,158887,158889],{"className":62,"code":158888,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\n# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[17,158890,158891,158915,158919],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,158892,158893,158895,158897,158899,158901,158903,158905,158907,158909,158911,158913],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,158894,801],{"class":75},[69,158896,80],{"class":79},[69,158898,8872],{"class":83},[69,158900,2197],{"class":87},[69,158902,91],{"class":83},[69,158904,7420],{"class":87},[69,158906,91],{"class":83},[69,158908,7425],{"class":87},[69,158910,91],{"class":83},[69,158912,50511],{"class":87},[69,158914,221],{"class":83},[69,158916,158917],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,158918,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,158920,158921],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,158922,158923],{"class":128},"# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[14,158925,158926],{},"Use square brackets instead:",[60,158928,158929],{"className":62,"code":154586,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,158930,158931,158955,158959],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,158932,158933,158935,158937,158939,158941,158943,158945,158947,158949,158951,158953],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,158934,801],{"class":75},[69,158936,80],{"class":79},[69,158938,8872],{"class":83},[69,158940,2197],{"class":87},[69,158942,91],{"class":83},[69,158944,7420],{"class":87},[69,158946,91],{"class":83},[69,158948,7425],{"class":87},[69,158950,91],{"class":83},[69,158952,50511],{"class":87},[69,158954,221],{"class":83},[69,158956,158957],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,158958,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,158960,158961,158963,158965,158967,158969,158971,158973,158975],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,158962,110],{"class":109},[69,158964,113],{"class":83},[69,158966,3512],{"class":121},[69,158968,3739],{"class":83},[69,158970,473],{"class":87},[69,158972,1044],{"class":83},[69,158974,1929],{"class":87},[69,158976,3727],{"class":83},[1369,158978,158980],{"id":158979},"mistake-expecting-the-original-tuple-to-change","Mistake: expecting the original tuple to change",[60,158982,158984],{"className":62,"code":158983,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nslice_result = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(slice_result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,158985,158986,159010,159014,159029,159033,159044],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,158987,158988,158990,158992,158994,158996,158998,159000,159002,159004,159006,159008],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,158989,801],{"class":75},[69,158991,80],{"class":79},[69,158993,8872],{"class":83},[69,158995,2197],{"class":87},[69,158997,91],{"class":83},[69,158999,7420],{"class":87},[69,159001,91],{"class":83},[69,159003,7425],{"class":87},[69,159005,91],{"class":83},[69,159007,50511],{"class":87},[69,159009,221],{"class":83},[69,159011,159012],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,159013,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,159015,159016,159019,159021,159023,159025,159027],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,159017,159018],{"class":75},"slice_result ",[69,159020,80],{"class":79},[69,159022,865],{"class":75},[69,159024,75207],{"class":83},[69,159026,821],{"class":87},[69,159028,103],{"class":83},[69,159030,159031],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,159032,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,159034,159035,159037,159039,159042],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,159036,110],{"class":109},[69,159038,113],{"class":83},[69,159040,159041],{"class":121},"slice_result",[69,159043,221],{"class":83},[69,159045,159046,159048,159050,159052],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,159047,110],{"class":109},[69,159049,113],{"class":83},[69,159051,3512],{"class":121},[69,159053,221],{"class":83},[14,159055,643],{},[60,159057,159059],{"className":62,"code":159058,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"(10, 20)\n(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[17,159060,159061,159073],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,159062,159063,159065,159067,159069,159071],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,159064,113],{"class":83},[69,159066,2197],{"class":87},[69,159068,91],{"class":83},[69,159070,7420],{"class":87},[69,159072,221],{"class":83},[69,159074,159075,159077,159079,159081,159083,159085,159087,159089,159091],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,159076,113],{"class":83},[69,159078,2197],{"class":87},[69,159080,91],{"class":83},[69,159082,7420],{"class":87},[69,159084,91],{"class":83},[69,159086,7425],{"class":87},[69,159088,91],{"class":83},[69,159090,50511],{"class":87},[69,159092,221],{"class":83},[14,159094,159095],{},"The original tuple is unchanged.",[141,159097,113399],{"id":113398},[14,159099,159100],{},"Many tuple slicing problems come from a few simple misunderstandings:",[30,159102,159103,159106,159109,159115,159118],{},[33,159104,159105],{},"Confusing slicing with indexing",[33,159107,159108],{},"Expecting the stop index to be included",[33,159110,159111,159112],{},"Using a zero step like ",[17,159113,159114],{},"tuple[::0]",[33,159116,159117],{},"Assuming tuple slices return a list",[33,159119,159120],{},"Using parentheses instead of brackets",[14,159122,159123],{},"If your slice is not giving the result you expect, print the tuple, the slice, and its type.",[60,159125,159127],{"className":62,"code":159126,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple[1:4])\nprint(type(my_tuple[1:4]))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[17,159128,159129,159139,159157,159179],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,159130,159131,159133,159135,159137],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,159132,110],{"class":109},[69,159134,113],{"class":83},[69,159136,147679],{"class":121},[69,159138,221],{"class":83},[69,159140,159141,159143,159145,159147,159149,159151,159153,159155],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,159142,110],{"class":109},[69,159144,113],{"class":83},[69,159146,147679],{"class":121},[69,159148,3739],{"class":83},[69,159150,473],{"class":87},[69,159152,1044],{"class":83},[69,159154,808],{"class":87},[69,159156,3727],{"class":83},[69,159158,159159,159161,159163,159165,159167,159169,159171,159173,159175,159177],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,159160,110],{"class":109},[69,159162,113],{"class":83},[69,159164,3087],{"class":1126},[69,159166,113],{"class":83},[69,159168,147679],{"class":121},[69,159170,3739],{"class":83},[69,159172,473],{"class":87},[69,159174,1044],{"class":83},[69,159176,808],{"class":87},[69,159178,275],{"class":83},[69,159180,159181,159183,159185,159187,159189,159191],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,159182,110],{"class":109},[69,159184,113],{"class":83},[69,159186,10801],{"class":109},[69,159188,113],{"class":83},[69,159190,147679],{"class":121},[69,159192,342],{"class":83},[14,159194,10810],{},[30,159196,159197,159199,159202,159205],{},[33,159198,154893],{},[33,159200,159201],{},"what the slice actually returns",[33,159203,159204],{},"that the result is a tuple",[33,159206,159207],{},"how many items are in the original tuple",[141,159209,1651],{"id":1650},[1369,159211,159213],{"id":159212},"does-tuple-slicing-change-the-original-tuple","Does tuple slicing change the original tuple?",[14,159215,159216],{},"No. It returns a new tuple and leaves the original tuple unchanged.",[1369,159218,159220],{"id":159219},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-tuple-slice","Is the stop index included in a tuple slice?",[14,159222,159223],{},"No. The stop index is excluded.",[1369,159225,4969,159227,39623],{"id":159226},"what-does-tuple-1-do",[17,159228,158046],{},[14,159230,159231],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the tuple.",[1369,159233,159235,159236,2359],{"id":159234},"can-tuple-slicing-cause-an-indexerror","Can tuple slicing cause an ",[17,159237,70403],{},[14,159239,159240,159241,25],{},"Normal slicing usually does not. Invalid indexing is more likely to cause ",[17,159242,70403],{},[141,159244,1771],{"id":1770},[30,159246,159247,159251,159255,159259,159263],{},[33,159248,159249],{},[192,159250,155753],{"href":150640},[33,159252,159253],{},[192,159254,149334],{"href":152760},[33,159256,159257],{},[192,159258,150583],{"href":156917},[33,159260,159261],{},[192,159262,147661],{"href":157279},[33,159264,159265],{},[192,159266,154506],{"href":158771},[1802,159268,159269],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":159271},[159272,159273,159274,159275,159283,159287,159288,159293,159294,159299,159300,159308],{"id":1869,"depth":106,"text":1870},{"id":157079,"depth":106,"text":157080},{"id":157282,"depth":106,"text":157283},{"id":75687,"depth":106,"text":75688,"children":159276},[159277,159279,159280,159281,159282],{"id":157440,"depth":300,"text":159278},"Get the first n items",{"id":157519,"depth":300,"text":157520},{"id":157597,"depth":300,"text":157598},{"id":157679,"depth":300,"text":157680},{"id":157761,"depth":300,"text":157762},{"id":75981,"depth":106,"text":75982,"children":159284},[159285,159286],{"id":157856,"depth":300,"text":157857},{"id":157940,"depth":300,"text":157941},{"id":158029,"depth":106,"text":158030},{"id":158281,"depth":106,"text":158282,"children":159289},[159290,159291,159292],{"id":158290,"depth":300,"text":158291},{"id":158406,"depth":300,"text":158407},{"id":158514,"depth":300,"text":158515},{"id":158580,"depth":106,"text":158581},{"id":76814,"depth":106,"text":14823,"children":159295},[159296,159297,159298],{"id":158797,"depth":300,"text":158798},{"id":158882,"depth":300,"text":158883},{"id":158979,"depth":300,"text":158980},{"id":113398,"depth":106,"text":113399},{"id":1650,"depth":106,"text":1651,"children":159301},[159302,159303,159304,159306],{"id":159212,"depth":300,"text":159213},{"id":159219,"depth":300,"text":159220},{"id":159226,"depth":300,"text":159305},"What does tuple[::-1] do?",{"id":159234,"depth":300,"text":159307},"Can tuple slicing cause an IndexError?",{"id":1770,"depth":106,"text":1771},"Master python tuple slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained",{"title":156923,"description":159309},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained","ROkj949_3FkekNafMx2xqeTKvYABAUil42nCZh0Pr8s",{"id":159316,"title":159317,"body":159318,"description":161141,"extension":1828,"meta":161142,"navigation":833,"path":34466,"seo":161143,"stem":161144,"__hash__":161145},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained.md","Python type() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":159319,"toc":161107},[159320,159325,159330,159334,159352,159355,159370,159376,159378,159435,159437,159469,159481,159487,159492,159495,159530,159536,159538,159541,159555,159558,159560,159583,159585,159603,159606,159622,159624,159627,159740,159742,159831,159834,159839,159845,159848,159851,159950,159952,160011,160016,160019,160088,160092,160124,160140,160145,160152,160159,160171,160173,160222,160224,160247,160253,160301,160306,160313,160321,160327,160330,160354,160357,160359,160435,160437,160462,160468,160471,160476,160480,160494,160496,160559,160561,160593,160596,160612,160614,160620,160627,160629,160648,160650,160668,160675,160680,160687,160689,160726,160729,160736,160740,160743,160801,160804,160807,160862,160864,160876,160882,160884,160888,160921,160928,160930,160993,160996,160998,161003,161017,161024,161032,161041,161050,161056,161062,161064,161104],[10,159321,3441,159323,3444],{"id":159322},"python-type-function-explained",[17,159324,2168],{},[14,159326,31973,159327,159329],{},[17,159328,2168],{}," function tells you what kind of value an object is.",[14,159331,62438,159332,104243],{},[17,159333,2168],{},[30,159335,159336,159339,159342,159345],{},[33,159337,159338],{},"check whether a value is a string, number, list, or dictionary",[33,159340,159341],{},"understand what a variable currently contains",[33,159343,159344],{},"debug confusing code",[33,159346,159347,159348],{},"inspect values returned by functions such as ",[192,159349,159350],{"href":7851},[17,159351,2825],{},[14,159353,159354],{},"In most beginner code, you will use the one-argument form:",[60,159356,159358],{"className":62,"code":159357,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"type(object)\n",[17,159359,159360],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,159361,159362,159364,159366,159368],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,159363,3087],{"class":1126},[69,159365,113],{"class":83},[69,159367,42063],{"class":1126},[69,159369,221],{"class":83},[14,159371,159372,159373,159375],{},"Python also has a three-argument form of ",[17,159374,2168],{},", but that is an advanced feature for creating classes dynamically.",[141,159377,3473],{"id":3472},[60,159379,159381],{"className":62,"code":159380,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(type(name))\n\nnumber = 10\nprint(type(number))\n",[17,159382,159383,159395,159409,159413,159421],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,159384,159385,159387,159389,159391,159393],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,159386,7507],{"class":75},[69,159388,80],{"class":79},[69,159390,964],{"class":94},[69,159392,4831],{"class":336},[69,159394,3224],{"class":94},[69,159396,159397,159399,159401,159403,159405,159407],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,159398,110],{"class":109},[69,159400,113],{"class":83},[69,159402,3087],{"class":1126},[69,159404,113],{"class":83},[69,159406,7297],{"class":121},[69,159408,342],{"class":83},[69,159410,159411],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,159412,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,159414,159415,159417,159419],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,159416,1334],{"class":75},[69,159418,80],{"class":79},[69,159420,2454],{"class":87},[69,159422,159423,159425,159427,159429,159431,159433],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,159424,110],{"class":109},[69,159426,113],{"class":83},[69,159428,3087],{"class":1126},[69,159430,113],{"class":83},[69,159432,2106],{"class":121},[69,159434,342],{"class":83},[14,159436,643],{},[60,159438,159439],{"className":62,"code":124746,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,159440,159441,159455],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,159442,159443,159445,159447,159449,159451,159453],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,159444,852],{"class":79},[69,159446,3158],{"class":1932},[69,159448,3161],{"class":94},[69,159450,3309],{"class":336},[69,159452,488],{"class":94},[69,159454,3168],{"class":79},[69,159456,159457,159459,159461,159463,159465,159467],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,159458,852],{"class":79},[69,159460,3158],{"class":1932},[69,159462,3161],{"class":94},[69,159464,2056],{"class":336},[69,159466,488],{"class":94},[69,159468,3168],{"class":79},[14,159470,132,159471,159474,159475,587,159478,25],{},[17,159472,159473],{},"type(value)"," to see the type of a value or variable. Output will look like ",[17,159476,159477],{},"\u003Cclass 'str'>",[17,159479,159480],{},"\u003Cclass 'int'>",[141,159482,12640,159484,159486],{"id":159483},"what-the-type-function-does",[17,159485,2168],{}," function does",[14,159488,159489,159491],{},[17,159490,2168],{}," returns the type of an object.",[14,159493,159494],{},"A type tells you what kind of value something is. For example:",[30,159496,159497,159502,159507,159512,159517,159522],{},[33,159498,159499,159501],{},[17,159500,3309],{}," for text",[33,159503,159504,159506],{},[17,159505,2056],{}," for whole numbers",[33,159508,159509,159511],{},[17,159510,2060],{}," for decimal numbers",[33,159513,159514,159516],{},[17,159515,7725],{}," for lists",[33,159518,159519,159521],{},[17,159520,8456],{}," for dictionaries",[33,159523,159524,68767,159526,587,159528],{},[17,159525,3709],{},[17,159527,53],{},[17,159529,57],{},[14,159531,159532,159533,159535],{},"This is especially useful while debugging. If your code is behaving strangely, ",[17,159534,2168],{}," can help you confirm what kind of value you are actually working with.",[141,159537,2024],{"id":2023},[14,159539,159540],{},"The main beginner form is:",[60,159542,159543],{"className":62,"code":159357,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,159544,159545],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,159546,159547,159549,159551,159553],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,159548,3087],{"class":1126},[69,159550,113],{"class":83},[69,159552,42063],{"class":1126},[69,159554,221],{"class":83},[14,159556,159557],{},"It returns the class of the object.",[14,159559,2076],{},[60,159561,159563],{"className":62,"code":159562,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(type(\"hello\"))\n",[17,159564,159565],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,159566,159567,159569,159571,159573,159575,159577,159579,159581],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,159568,110],{"class":109},[69,159570,113],{"class":83},[69,159572,3087],{"class":1126},[69,159574,113],{"class":83},[69,159576,333],{"class":94},[69,159578,337],{"class":336},[69,159580,333],{"class":94},[69,159582,342],{"class":83},[14,159584,643],{},[60,159586,159587],{"className":62,"code":45436,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,159588,159589],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,159590,159591,159593,159595,159597,159599,159601],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,159592,852],{"class":79},[69,159594,3158],{"class":1932},[69,159596,3161],{"class":94},[69,159598,3309],{"class":336},[69,159600,488],{"class":94},[69,159602,3168],{"class":79},[14,159604,159605],{},"You can pass either:",[30,159607,159608,159615],{},[33,159609,159610,159611,54,159613],{},"a literal value such as ",[17,159612,64206],{},[17,159614,46192],{},[33,159616,159617,159618,54,159620],{},"a variable such as ",[17,159619,7297],{},[17,159621,8935],{},[141,159623,121558],{"id":121557},[14,159625,159626],{},"Here are a few common examples.",[60,159628,159630],{"className":62,"code":159629,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(type(\"hello\"))\nprint(type(10))\nprint(type(3.14))\nprint(type([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(type({\"name\": \"Alice\"}))\nprint(type(True))\n",[17,159631,159632,159650,159664,159678,159700,159726],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,159633,159634,159636,159638,159640,159642,159644,159646,159648],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,159635,110],{"class":109},[69,159637,113],{"class":83},[69,159639,3087],{"class":1126},[69,159641,113],{"class":83},[69,159643,333],{"class":94},[69,159645,337],{"class":336},[69,159647,333],{"class":94},[69,159649,342],{"class":83},[69,159651,159652,159654,159656,159658,159660,159662],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,159653,110],{"class":109},[69,159655,113],{"class":83},[69,159657,3087],{"class":1126},[69,159659,113],{"class":83},[69,159661,2197],{"class":87},[69,159663,342],{"class":83},[69,159665,159666,159668,159670,159672,159674,159676],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,159667,110],{"class":109},[69,159669,113],{"class":83},[69,159671,3087],{"class":1126},[69,159673,113],{"class":83},[69,159675,39806],{"class":87},[69,159677,342],{"class":83},[69,159679,159680,159682,159684,159686,159688,159690,159692,159694,159696,159698],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,159681,110],{"class":109},[69,159683,113],{"class":83},[69,159685,3087],{"class":1126},[69,159687,260],{"class":83},[69,159689,473],{"class":87},[69,159691,91],{"class":83},[69,159693,316],{"class":87},[69,159695,91],{"class":83},[69,159697,516],{"class":87},[69,159699,275],{"class":83},[69,159701,159702,159704,159706,159708,159710,159712,159714,159716,159718,159720,159722,159724],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,159703,110],{"class":109},[69,159705,113],{"class":83},[69,159707,3087],{"class":1126},[69,159709,309],{"class":83},[69,159711,333],{"class":94},[69,159713,7297],{"class":336},[69,159715,333],{"class":94},[69,159717,1044],{"class":83},[69,159719,964],{"class":94},[69,159721,4831],{"class":336},[69,159723,333],{"class":94},[69,159725,319],{"class":83},[69,159727,159728,159730,159732,159734,159736,159738],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,159729,110],{"class":109},[69,159731,113],{"class":83},[69,159733,3087],{"class":1126},[69,159735,113],{"class":83},[69,159737,53],{"class":289},[69,159739,342],{"class":83},[14,159741,643],{},[60,159743,159745],{"className":62,"code":159744,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'bool'>\n",[17,159746,159747,159761,159775,159789,159803,159817],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,159748,159749,159751,159753,159755,159757,159759],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,159750,852],{"class":79},[69,159752,3158],{"class":1932},[69,159754,3161],{"class":94},[69,159756,3309],{"class":336},[69,159758,488],{"class":94},[69,159760,3168],{"class":79},[69,159762,159763,159765,159767,159769,159771,159773],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,159764,852],{"class":79},[69,159766,3158],{"class":1932},[69,159768,3161],{"class":94},[69,159770,2056],{"class":336},[69,159772,488],{"class":94},[69,159774,3168],{"class":79},[69,159776,159777,159779,159781,159783,159785,159787],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,159778,852],{"class":79},[69,159780,3158],{"class":1932},[69,159782,3161],{"class":94},[69,159784,2060],{"class":336},[69,159786,488],{"class":94},[69,159788,3168],{"class":79},[69,159790,159791,159793,159795,159797,159799,159801],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,159792,852],{"class":79},[69,159794,3158],{"class":1932},[69,159796,3161],{"class":94},[69,159798,7725],{"class":336},[69,159800,488],{"class":94},[69,159802,3168],{"class":79},[69,159804,159805,159807,159809,159811,159813,159815],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,159806,852],{"class":79},[69,159808,3158],{"class":1932},[69,159810,3161],{"class":94},[69,159812,8456],{"class":336},[69,159814,488],{"class":94},[69,159816,3168],{"class":79},[69,159818,159819,159821,159823,159825,159827,159829],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,159820,852],{"class":79},[69,159822,3158],{"class":1932},[69,159824,3161],{"class":94},[69,159826,3709],{"class":336},[69,159828,488],{"class":94},[69,159830,3168],{"class":79},[14,159832,159833],{},"These results show the exact type of each value.",[14,159835,159836,159837,25],{},"If you are still learning Python data types, see ",[192,159838,44463],{"href":48645},[141,159840,8050,159842,159844],{"id":159841},"using-type-with-variables",[17,159843,2168],{}," with variables",[14,159846,159847],{},"In Python, variables do not have one fixed type forever.",[14,159849,159850],{},"A variable can point to different kinds of values at different times.",[60,159852,159854],{"className":62,"code":159853,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = 10\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = \"ten\"\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = [10]\nprint(value, type(value))\n",[17,159855,159856,159864,159882,159886,159898,159916,159920,159932],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,159857,159858,159860,159862],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,159859,2313],{"class":75},[69,159861,80],{"class":79},[69,159863,2454],{"class":87},[69,159865,159866,159868,159870,159872,159874,159876,159878,159880],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,159867,110],{"class":109},[69,159869,113],{"class":83},[69,159871,2339],{"class":121},[69,159873,91],{"class":83},[69,159875,49057],{"class":1126},[69,159877,113],{"class":83},[69,159879,2339],{"class":121},[69,159881,342],{"class":83},[69,159883,159884],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,159885,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,159887,159888,159890,159892,159894,159896],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,159889,2313],{"class":75},[69,159891,80],{"class":79},[69,159893,964],{"class":94},[69,159895,45573],{"class":336},[69,159897,3224],{"class":94},[69,159899,159900,159902,159904,159906,159908,159910,159912,159914],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,159901,110],{"class":109},[69,159903,113],{"class":83},[69,159905,2339],{"class":121},[69,159907,91],{"class":83},[69,159909,49057],{"class":1126},[69,159911,113],{"class":83},[69,159913,2339],{"class":121},[69,159915,342],{"class":83},[69,159917,159918],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,159919,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,159921,159922,159924,159926,159928,159930],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,159923,2313],{"class":75},[69,159925,80],{"class":79},[69,159927,84],{"class":83},[69,159929,2197],{"class":87},[69,159931,103],{"class":83},[69,159933,159934,159936,159938,159940,159942,159944,159946,159948],{"class":71,"line":1269},[69,159935,110],{"class":109},[69,159937,113],{"class":83},[69,159939,2339],{"class":121},[69,159941,91],{"class":83},[69,159943,49057],{"class":1126},[69,159945,113],{"class":83},[69,159947,2339],{"class":121},[69,159949,342],{"class":83},[14,159951,643],{},[60,159953,159955],{"className":62,"code":159954,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"10 \u003Cclass 'int'>\nten \u003Cclass 'str'>\n[10] \u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[17,159956,159957,159974,159991],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,159958,159959,159961,159964,159966,159968,159970,159972],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,159960,2197],{"class":87},[69,159962,159963],{"class":79}," \u003C",[69,159965,3158],{"class":1932},[69,159967,3161],{"class":94},[69,159969,2056],{"class":336},[69,159971,488],{"class":94},[69,159973,3168],{"class":79},[69,159975,159976,159979,159981,159983,159985,159987,159989],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,159977,159978],{"class":75},"ten ",[69,159980,852],{"class":79},[69,159982,3158],{"class":1932},[69,159984,3161],{"class":94},[69,159986,3309],{"class":336},[69,159988,488],{"class":94},[69,159990,3168],{"class":79},[69,159992,159993,159995,159997,159999,160001,160003,160005,160007,160009],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,159994,3739],{"class":83},[69,159996,2197],{"class":87},[69,159998,12918],{"class":83},[69,160000,159963],{"class":79},[69,160002,3158],{"class":1932},[69,160004,3161],{"class":94},[69,160006,7725],{"class":336},[69,160008,488],{"class":94},[69,160010,3168],{"class":79},[14,160012,160013,160015],{},[17,160014,2168],{}," shows the current type of the value stored in the variable.",[14,160017,160018],{},"This is helpful when values come from user input or conversions.",[60,160020,160022],{"className":62,"code":160021,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"user_input = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(user_input))\n\nconverted = int(user_input)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[17,160023,160024,160042,160056,160060,160074],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,160025,160026,160028,160030,160032,160034,160036,160038,160040],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,160027,3257],{"class":75},[69,160029,80],{"class":79},[69,160031,7874],{"class":109},[69,160033,113],{"class":83},[69,160035,333],{"class":94},[69,160037,41535],{"class":336},[69,160039,333],{"class":94},[69,160041,221],{"class":83},[69,160043,160044,160046,160048,160050,160052,160054],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,160045,110],{"class":109},[69,160047,113],{"class":83},[69,160049,3087],{"class":1126},[69,160051,113],{"class":83},[69,160053,3283],{"class":121},[69,160055,342],{"class":83},[69,160057,160058],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,160059,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,160061,160062,160064,160066,160068,160070,160072],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,160063,122670],{"class":75},[69,160065,80],{"class":79},[69,160067,44942],{"class":1126},[69,160069,113],{"class":83},[69,160071,3283],{"class":121},[69,160073,221],{"class":83},[69,160075,160076,160078,160080,160082,160084,160086],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,160077,110],{"class":109},[69,160079,113],{"class":83},[69,160081,3087],{"class":1126},[69,160083,113],{"class":83},[69,160085,122693],{"class":121},[69,160087,342],{"class":83},[14,160089,40784,160090,40788],{},[17,160091,8829],{},[60,160093,160094],{"className":62,"code":124746,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,160095,160096,160110],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,160097,160098,160100,160102,160104,160106,160108],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,160099,852],{"class":79},[69,160101,3158],{"class":1932},[69,160103,3161],{"class":94},[69,160105,3309],{"class":336},[69,160107,488],{"class":94},[69,160109,3168],{"class":79},[69,160111,160112,160114,160116,160118,160120,160122],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,160113,852],{"class":79},[69,160115,3158],{"class":1932},[69,160117,3161],{"class":94},[69,160119,2056],{"class":336},[69,160121,488],{"class":94},[69,160123,3168],{"class":79},[14,160125,45369,160126,160130,160131,54,160135,160139],{},[192,160127,160128],{"href":7851},[17,160129,2825],{}," always returns a string. You must convert it with a function like ",[192,160132,160133],{"href":2743},[17,160134,2746],{},[192,160136,160137],{"href":2749},[17,160138,2752],{}," if you need a number.",[14,160141,160142,160143,25],{},"For a step-by-step guide, see ",[192,160144,8616],{"href":8615},[141,160146,160148,10223,160150],{"id":160147},"type-vs-isinstance",[17,160149,2168],{},[17,160151,44471],{},[14,160153,160154,587,160156,160158],{},[17,160155,2168],{},[17,160157,44471],{}," are related, but they do different jobs.",[30,160160,160161,160166],{},[33,160162,160163,160165],{},[17,160164,2168],{}," tells you the exact type",[33,160167,160168,160170],{},[17,160169,44471],{}," checks whether a value matches a type",[14,160172,2076],{},[60,160174,160176],{"className":62,"code":160175,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[17,160177,160178,160186,160190,160204],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,160179,160180,160182,160184],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,160181,2313],{"class":75},[69,160183,80],{"class":79},[69,160185,34500],{"class":87},[69,160187,160188],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,160189,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,160191,160192,160194,160196,160198,160200,160202],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,160193,110],{"class":109},[69,160195,113],{"class":83},[69,160197,3087],{"class":1126},[69,160199,113],{"class":83},[69,160201,2339],{"class":121},[69,160203,342],{"class":83},[69,160205,160206,160208,160210,160212,160214,160216,160218,160220],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,160207,110],{"class":109},[69,160209,113],{"class":83},[69,160211,48542],{"class":109},[69,160213,113],{"class":83},[69,160215,2339],{"class":121},[69,160217,91],{"class":83},[69,160219,44942],{"class":1126},[69,160221,342],{"class":83},[14,160223,643],{},[60,160225,160227],{"className":62,"code":160226,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\nTrue\n",[17,160228,160229,160243],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,160230,160231,160233,160235,160237,160239,160241],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,160232,852],{"class":79},[69,160234,3158],{"class":1932},[69,160236,3161],{"class":94},[69,160238,2056],{"class":336},[69,160240,488],{"class":94},[69,160242,3168],{"class":79},[69,160244,160245],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,160246,355],{"class":289},[14,160248,160249,160250,160252],{},"For many beginner condition checks, ",[17,160251,44471],{}," is more practical.",[60,160254,160256],{"className":62,"code":160255,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = 5\n\nif isinstance(value, int):\n    print(\"This is an integer\")\n",[17,160257,160258,160266,160270,160286],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,160259,160260,160262,160264],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,160261,2313],{"class":75},[69,160263,80],{"class":79},[69,160265,34500],{"class":87},[69,160267,160268],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,160269,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,160271,160272,160274,160276,160278,160280,160282,160284],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,160273,6625],{"class":773},[69,160275,49280],{"class":109},[69,160277,113],{"class":83},[69,160279,2339],{"class":121},[69,160281,91],{"class":83},[69,160283,44942],{"class":1126},[69,160285,7974],{"class":83},[69,160287,160288,160290,160292,160294,160297,160299],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,160289,7700],{"class":109},[69,160291,113],{"class":83},[69,160293,333],{"class":94},[69,160295,160296],{"class":336},"This is an integer",[69,160298,333],{"class":94},[69,160300,221],{"class":83},[14,160302,132,160303,160305],{},[17,160304,2168],{}," when you want to inspect or print the exact type.",[14,160307,132,160308,160310,160311,6800],{},[17,160309,44471],{}," when you want to check a type inside logic such as ",[17,160312,6625],{},[14,160314,160315,160316,25],{},"See the dedicated guide for more detail: ",[192,160317,3441,160319,1780],{"href":160318},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained\u002F",[17,160320,44471],{},[141,160322,160324,160325],{"id":160323},"the-three-argument-form-of-type","The three-argument form of ",[17,160326,2168],{},[14,160328,160329],{},"Python also supports this advanced form:",[60,160331,160333],{"className":62,"code":160332,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"type(name, bases, dict)\n",[17,160334,160335],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,160336,160337,160339,160341,160343,160345,160348,160350,160352],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,160338,3087],{"class":1126},[69,160340,113],{"class":83},[69,160342,7297],{"class":121},[69,160344,91],{"class":83},[69,160346,160347],{"class":121}," bases",[69,160349,91],{"class":83},[69,160351,8806],{"class":1126},[69,160353,221],{"class":83},[14,160355,160356],{},"This creates a new class dynamically.",[14,160358,2076],{},[60,160360,160362],{"className":62,"code":160361,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Person = type(\"Person\", (), {\"species\": \"human\"})\n\nprint(Person)\nprint(Person.species)\n",[17,160363,160364,160407,160411,160421],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,160365,160366,160369,160371,160373,160375,160377,160380,160382,160384,160387,160389,160391,160394,160396,160398,160400,160403,160405],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,160367,160368],{"class":75},"Person ",[69,160370,80],{"class":79},[69,160372,49057],{"class":1126},[69,160374,113],{"class":83},[69,160376,333],{"class":94},[69,160378,160379],{"class":336},"Person",[69,160381,333],{"class":94},[69,160383,91],{"class":83},[69,160385,160386],{"class":83}," (),",[69,160388,10128],{"class":83},[69,160390,333],{"class":94},[69,160392,160393],{"class":336},"species",[69,160395,333],{"class":94},[69,160397,1044],{"class":83},[69,160399,964],{"class":94},[69,160401,160402],{"class":336},"human",[69,160404,333],{"class":94},[69,160406,30151],{"class":83},[69,160408,160409],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,160410,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,160412,160413,160415,160417,160419],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,160414,110],{"class":109},[69,160416,113],{"class":83},[69,160418,160379],{"class":121},[69,160420,221],{"class":83},[69,160422,160423,160425,160427,160429,160431,160433],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,160424,110],{"class":109},[69,160426,113],{"class":83},[69,160428,160379],{"class":121},[69,160430,25],{"class":83},[69,160432,160393],{"class":24402},[69,160434,221],{"class":83},[14,160436,643],{},[60,160438,160440],{"className":62,"code":160439,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"\u003Cclass '__main__.Person'>\nhuman\n",[17,160441,160442,160457],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,160443,160444,160446,160448,160450,160453,160455],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,160445,852],{"class":79},[69,160447,3158],{"class":1932},[69,160449,3161],{"class":94},[69,160451,160452],{"class":336},"__main__.Person",[69,160454,488],{"class":94},[69,160456,3168],{"class":79},[69,160458,160459],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,160460,160461],{"class":75},"human\n",[14,160463,160464,160465,160467],{},"Most beginners do ",[22,160466,4457],{}," need this form.",[14,160469,160470],{},"It is mainly used in advanced Python code involving classes and metaprogramming. For everyday learning and debugging, the one-argument form is the important one.",[141,160472,4788,160474],{"id":160473},"when-to-use-type",[17,160475,2168],{},[14,160477,160478,12087],{},[17,160479,2168],{},[30,160481,160482,160485,160488,160491],{},[33,160483,160484],{},"debug unexpected values",[33,160486,160487],{},"check what a conversion produced",[33,160489,160490],{},"learn Python data types",[33,160492,160493],{},"inspect objects while reading examples",[14,160495,244],{},[60,160497,160499],{"className":62,"code":160498,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[17,160500,160501,160513,160527,160531,160545],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,160502,160503,160505,160507,160509,160511],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,160504,34345],{"class":75},[69,160506,80],{"class":79},[69,160508,964],{"class":94},[69,160510,49913],{"class":336},[69,160512,3224],{"class":94},[69,160514,160515,160517,160519,160521,160523,160525],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,160516,1334],{"class":75},[69,160518,80],{"class":79},[69,160520,44942],{"class":1126},[69,160522,113],{"class":83},[69,160524,34366],{"class":121},[69,160526,221],{"class":83},[69,160528,160529],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,160530,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,160532,160533,160535,160537,160539,160541,160543],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,160534,110],{"class":109},[69,160536,113],{"class":83},[69,160538,3087],{"class":1126},[69,160540,113],{"class":83},[69,160542,34366],{"class":121},[69,160544,342],{"class":83},[69,160546,160547,160549,160551,160553,160555,160557],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,160548,110],{"class":109},[69,160550,113],{"class":83},[69,160552,3087],{"class":1126},[69,160554,113],{"class":83},[69,160556,2106],{"class":121},[69,160558,342],{"class":83},[14,160560,643],{},[60,160562,160563],{"className":62,"code":124746,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,160564,160565,160579],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,160566,160567,160569,160571,160573,160575,160577],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,160568,852],{"class":79},[69,160570,3158],{"class":1932},[69,160572,3161],{"class":94},[69,160574,3309],{"class":336},[69,160576,488],{"class":94},[69,160578,3168],{"class":79},[69,160580,160581,160583,160585,160587,160589,160591],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,160582,852],{"class":79},[69,160584,3158],{"class":1932},[69,160586,3161],{"class":94},[69,160588,2056],{"class":336},[69,160590,488],{"class":94},[69,160592,3168],{"class":79},[14,160594,160595],{},"This helps you see the difference between text and numbers clearly.",[14,160597,160598,160599,2057,160603,16720,160607,160611],{},"If you need to convert values after checking them, functions like ",[192,160600,160601],{"href":41839},[17,160602,47350],{},[192,160604,160605],{"href":2743},[17,160606,2746],{},[192,160608,160609],{"href":2749},[17,160610,2752],{}," are often the next step.",[141,160613,25010],{"id":25009},[14,160615,160616,160617,160619],{},"A few things about ",[17,160618,2168],{}," often confuse beginners.",[1369,160621,160623,160626],{"id":160622},"type5-does-not-return-plain-text",[17,160624,160625],{},"type(5)"," does not return plain text",[14,160628,64315],{},[60,160630,160632],{"className":62,"code":160631,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(type(5))\n",[17,160633,160634],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,160635,160636,160638,160640,160642,160644,160646],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,160637,110],{"class":109},[69,160639,113],{"class":83},[69,160641,3087],{"class":1126},[69,160643,113],{"class":83},[69,160645,670],{"class":87},[69,160647,342],{"class":83},[14,160649,122589],{},[60,160651,160652],{"className":62,"code":156101,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,160653,160654],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,160655,160656,160658,160660,160662,160664,160666],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,160657,852],{"class":79},[69,160659,3158],{"class":1932},[69,160661,3161],{"class":94},[69,160663,2056],{"class":336},[69,160665,488],{"class":94},[69,160667,3168],{"class":79},[14,160669,40569,160670,160672,160673,25],{},[22,160671,4457],{}," print just ",[17,160674,2056],{},[14,160676,1527,160677,160679],{},[17,160678,2168],{}," returns a class object.",[1369,160681,160683,678,160685],{"id":160682},"input-returns-str",[17,160684,2825],{},[17,160686,3309],{},[14,160688,79214],{},[60,160690,160692],{"className":62,"code":160691,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[17,160693,160694,160712],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,160695,160696,160698,160700,160702,160704,160706,160708,160710],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,160697,2313],{"class":75},[69,160699,80],{"class":79},[69,160701,7874],{"class":109},[69,160703,113],{"class":83},[69,160705,333],{"class":94},[69,160707,45976],{"class":336},[69,160709,333],{"class":94},[69,160711,221],{"class":83},[69,160713,160714,160716,160718,160720,160722,160724],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,160715,110],{"class":109},[69,160717,113],{"class":83},[69,160719,3087],{"class":1126},[69,160721,113],{"class":83},[69,160723,2339],{"class":121},[69,160725,342],{"class":83},[14,160727,160728],{},"No matter what the user types, the result is a string unless you convert it.",[14,160730,160731,160732,54,160734,25],{},"If you need a number, use ",[17,160733,2746],{},[17,160735,2752],{},[1369,160737,160739],{"id":160738},"comparing-type-names-as-strings-is-usually-not-the-best-idea","Comparing type names as strings is usually not the best idea",[14,160741,160742],{},"Avoid code like this:",[60,160744,160746],{"className":62,"code":160745,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = 5\n\nif str(type(value)) == \"\u003Cclass 'int'>\":\n    print(\"It is an int\")\n",[17,160747,160748,160756,160760,160786],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,160749,160750,160752,160754],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,160751,2313],{"class":75},[69,160753,80],{"class":79},[69,160755,34500],{"class":87},[69,160757,160758],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,160759,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,160761,160762,160764,160766,160768,160770,160772,160774,160776,160778,160780,160782,160784],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,160763,6625],{"class":773},[69,160765,48571],{"class":1126},[69,160767,113],{"class":83},[69,160769,3087],{"class":1126},[69,160771,113],{"class":83},[69,160773,2339],{"class":121},[69,160775,125],{"class":83},[69,160777,1251],{"class":79},[69,160779,964],{"class":94},[69,160781,159480],{"class":336},[69,160783,333],{"class":94},[69,160785,1235],{"class":83},[69,160787,160788,160790,160792,160794,160797,160799],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,160789,7700],{"class":109},[69,160791,113],{"class":83},[69,160793,333],{"class":94},[69,160795,160796],{"class":336},"It is an int",[69,160798,333],{"class":94},[69,160800,221],{"class":83},[14,160802,160803],{},"This works, but it is not a good approach.",[14,160805,160806],{},"Better options:",[60,160808,160810],{"className":62,"code":160809,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value) == int)\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[17,160811,160812,160820,160824,160844],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,160813,160814,160816,160818],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,160815,2313],{"class":75},[69,160817,80],{"class":79},[69,160819,34500],{"class":87},[69,160821,160822],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,160823,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,160825,160826,160828,160830,160832,160834,160836,160838,160840,160842],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,160827,110],{"class":109},[69,160829,113],{"class":83},[69,160831,3087],{"class":1126},[69,160833,113],{"class":83},[69,160835,2339],{"class":121},[69,160837,3525],{"class":83},[69,160839,1251],{"class":79},[69,160841,44942],{"class":1126},[69,160843,221],{"class":83},[69,160845,160846,160848,160850,160852,160854,160856,160858,160860],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,160847,110],{"class":109},[69,160849,113],{"class":83},[69,160851,48542],{"class":109},[69,160853,113],{"class":83},[69,160855,2339],{"class":121},[69,160857,91],{"class":83},[69,160859,44942],{"class":1126},[69,160861,342],{"class":83},[14,160863,643],{},[60,160865,160866],{"className":62,"code":4334,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,160867,160868,160872],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,160869,160870],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,160871,355],{"class":289},[69,160873,160874],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,160875,355],{"class":289},[14,160877,160878,160879,160881],{},"In most real code, ",[17,160880,44471],{}," is the more useful check.",[141,160883,2698],{"id":2697},[14,160885,14379,160886,1044],{},[17,160887,2168],{},[30,160889,160890,160900,160909,160918],{},[33,160891,8050,160892,160894,160895,160899],{},[17,160893,2168],{}," to check user input and forgetting that ",[192,160896,160897],{"href":7851},[17,160898,2825],{}," always returns a string",[33,160901,8086,160902,160904,160905,10731,160907],{},[17,160903,2168],{}," to return plain text like ",[17,160906,2056],{},[17,160908,159480],{},[33,160910,8050,160911,44295,160914,160917],{},[17,160912,160913],{},"type(x) == SomeType",[17,160915,160916],{},"isinstance(x, SomeType)"," is more appropriate",[33,160919,160920],{},"Confusing the basic one-argument form with the advanced class-creation form",[14,160922,160923,160924,25],{},"If your problem is really about bad input or failed conversion, you may also want to read ",[192,160925,160927],{"href":160926},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained\u002F","TypeError vs ValueError in Python explained",[14,160929,144255],{},[60,160931,160933],{"className":62,"code":160932,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(repr(value))\nhelp(type)\ndir(value)\n",[17,160934,160935,160949,160959,160973,160983],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,160936,160937,160939,160941,160943,160945,160947],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,160938,110],{"class":109},[69,160940,113],{"class":83},[69,160942,3087],{"class":1126},[69,160944,113],{"class":83},[69,160946,2339],{"class":121},[69,160948,342],{"class":83},[69,160950,160951,160953,160955,160957],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,160952,110],{"class":109},[69,160954,113],{"class":83},[69,160956,2339],{"class":121},[69,160958,221],{"class":83},[69,160960,160961,160963,160965,160967,160969,160971],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,160962,110],{"class":109},[69,160964,113],{"class":83},[69,160966,41443],{"class":109},[69,160968,113],{"class":83},[69,160970,2339],{"class":121},[69,160972,342],{"class":83},[69,160974,160975,160977,160979,160981],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,160976,31808],{"class":109},[69,160978,113],{"class":83},[69,160980,3087],{"class":1126},[69,160982,221],{"class":83},[69,160984,160985,160987,160989,160991],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,160986,34029],{"class":109},[69,160988,113],{"class":83},[69,160990,2339],{"class":121},[69,160992,221],{"class":83},[14,160994,160995],{},"These can help you understand both the value and the object you are working with.",[141,160997,1651],{"id":1650},[1369,160999,4969,161001,4972],{"id":161000},"what-does-type-return-in-python",[17,161002,2168],{},[14,161004,161005,161006,2057,161008,2057,161010,2061,161012,161014,161015,25],{},"It returns the type of an object, such as ",[17,161007,3309],{},[17,161009,2056],{},[17,161011,7725],{},[17,161013,8456],{},", shown as a class object like ",[17,161016,159477],{},[1369,161018,14549,161020,56875,161022,2359],{"id":161019},"is-type-the-same-as-isinstance",[17,161021,2168],{},[17,161023,44471],{},[14,161025,46031,161026,161028,161029,161031],{},[17,161027,2168],{}," shows the exact type. ",[17,161030,44471],{}," checks whether a value is an instance of a type.",[1369,161033,4984,161035,161038,161039,2359],{"id":161034},"why-does-typeinputenter-show-str",[17,161036,161037],{},"type(input(\"Enter: \"))"," show ",[17,161040,3309],{},[14,161042,28715,161043,161045,161046,54,161048,160139],{},[17,161044,2825],{}," always returns text. Convert it with ",[17,161047,2746],{},[17,161049,2752],{},[1369,161051,4996,161053,161055],{"id":161052},"can-type-create-classes",[17,161054,2168],{}," create classes?",[14,161057,161058,161059,25],{},"Yes, in its three-argument form, but most beginners only need ",[17,161060,161061],{},"type(object)",[141,161063,1771],{"id":1770},[30,161065,161066,161070,161076,161082,161086,161092,161098],{},[33,161067,161068],{},[192,161069,44463],{"href":48645},[33,161071,161072],{},[192,161073,3441,161074,1780],{"href":160318},[17,161075,44471],{},[33,161077,161078],{},[192,161079,3441,161080,1780],{"href":7851},[17,161081,2825],{},[33,161083,161084],{},[192,161085,8693],{"href":8615},[33,161087,161088],{},[192,161089,3441,161090,1780],{"href":2743},[17,161091,2746],{},[33,161093,161094],{},[192,161095,3441,161096,1780],{"href":2749},[17,161097,2752],{},[33,161099,161100],{},[192,161101,3441,161102,1780],{"href":41839},[17,161103,47350],{},[1802,161105,161106],{},"html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":161108},[161109,161110,161112,161113,161114,161116,161118,161120,161122,161129,161130,161140],{"id":3472,"depth":106,"text":3473},{"id":159483,"depth":106,"text":161111},"What the type() function does",{"id":2023,"depth":106,"text":2024},{"id":121557,"depth":106,"text":121558},{"id":159841,"depth":106,"text":161115},"Using type() with variables",{"id":160147,"depth":106,"text":161117},"type() vs isinstance()",{"id":160323,"depth":106,"text":161119},"The three-argument form of type()",{"id":160473,"depth":106,"text":161121},"When to use type()",{"id":25009,"depth":106,"text":25010,"children":161123},[161124,161126,161128],{"id":160622,"depth":300,"text":161125},"type(5) does not return plain text",{"id":160682,"depth":300,"text":161127},"input() returns str",{"id":160738,"depth":300,"text":160739},{"id":2697,"depth":106,"text":2698},{"id":1650,"depth":106,"text":1651,"children":161131},[161132,161134,161136,161138],{"id":161000,"depth":300,"text":161133},"What does type() return in Python?",{"id":161019,"depth":300,"text":161135},"Is type() the same as isinstance()?",{"id":161034,"depth":300,"text":161137},"Why does type(input(\"Enter: \")) show str?",{"id":161052,"depth":300,"text":161139},"Can type() create classes?",{"id":1770,"depth":106,"text":1771},"Master python type function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":159317,"description":161141},"reference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained","lFC3dTd8qBenijQclazGCNFBbd8GpCTjh_Z1roTe7DM",{"id":161147,"title":161148,"body":161149,"description":163628,"extension":1828,"meta":163629,"navigation":833,"path":163630,"seo":163631,"stem":163632,"__hash__":163633},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained.md","Python zip() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":161150,"toc":163585},[161151,161156,161161,161170,161172,161272,161274,161299,161304,161309,161325,161328,161330,161332,161357,161360,161363,161446,161448,161497,161500,161622,161624,161697,161701,161704,161818,161820,161846,161848,161869,161874,161878,161883,161886,161990,161992,162009,162018,162021,162108,162110,162121,162126,162132,162137,162143,162146,162239,162241,162290,162296,162299,162400,162402,162455,162460,162464,162467,162566,162568,162607,162610,162615,162617,162622,162626,162739,162743,162840,162844,162932,162934,162951,162955,163078,163084,163090,163096,163101,163104,163131,163135,163137,163231,163234,163238,163241,163328,163331,163366,163368,163405,163408,163416,163421,163426,163500,163507,163509,163514,163517,163523,163526,163532,163537,163543,163548,163552,163555,163557,163582],[10,161152,3441,161154,3444],{"id":161153},"python-zip-function-explained",[17,161155,63991],{},[14,161157,161158,161160],{},[17,161159,63991],{}," is a built-in Python function that combines items from two or more iterables by position.",[14,161162,161163,161164,161166,161167,161169],{},"It is useful when you want to work with related values at the same time, such as names and scores, or keys and values. Beginners often use ",[17,161165,63991],{}," inside a ",[17,161168,774],{}," loop or convert its result into a list or dictionary.",[141,161171,1870],{"id":1869},[60,161173,161175],{"className":62,"code":161174,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[17,161176,161177,161209,161229,161233,161258],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,161178,161179,161181,161183,161185,161187,161189,161191,161193,161195,161197,161199,161201,161203,161205,161207],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,161180,4822],{"class":75},[69,161182,80],{"class":79},[69,161184,84],{"class":83},[69,161186,333],{"class":94},[69,161188,12524],{"class":336},[69,161190,333],{"class":94},[69,161192,91],{"class":83},[69,161194,964],{"class":94},[69,161196,35600],{"class":336},[69,161198,333],{"class":94},[69,161200,91],{"class":83},[69,161202,964],{"class":94},[69,161204,35609],{"class":336},[69,161206,333],{"class":94},[69,161208,103],{"class":83},[69,161210,161211,161213,161215,161217,161219,161221,161223,161225,161227],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,161212,4891],{"class":75},[69,161214,80],{"class":79},[69,161216,84],{"class":83},[69,161218,13147],{"class":87},[69,161220,91],{"class":83},[69,161222,13152],{"class":87},[69,161224,91],{"class":83},[69,161226,28574],{"class":87},[69,161228,103],{"class":83},[69,161230,161231],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,161232,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,161234,161235,161237,161239,161241,161243,161245,161248,161250,161252,161254,161256],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,161236,774],{"class":773},[69,161238,35651],{"class":75},[69,161240,91],{"class":83},[69,161242,4933],{"class":75},[69,161244,780],{"class":773},[69,161246,161247],{"class":109}," zip",[69,161249,113],{"class":83},[69,161251,4866],{"class":121},[69,161253,91],{"class":83},[69,161255,4938],{"class":121},[69,161257,7974],{"class":83},[69,161259,161260,161262,161264,161266,161268,161270],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,161261,7700],{"class":109},[69,161263,113],{"class":83},[69,161265,7297],{"class":121},[69,161267,91],{"class":83},[69,161269,130535],{"class":121},[69,161271,221],{"class":83},[14,161273,643],{},[60,161275,161277],{"className":62,"code":161276,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Ana 90\nBen 85\nCara 88\n",[17,161278,161279,161285,161292],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,161280,161281,161283],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,161282,133554],{"class":75},[69,161284,32792],{"class":87},[69,161286,161287,161290],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,161288,161289],{"class":75},"Ben ",[69,161291,32797],{"class":87},[69,161293,161294,161297],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,161295,161296],{"class":75},"Cara ",[69,161298,32802],{"class":87},[14,161300,132,161301,161303],{},[17,161302,63991],{}," when you want to loop through two or more iterables at the same time. It pairs items by position.",[141,161305,3540,161307,3543],{"id":161306},"what-zip-does",[17,161308,63991],{},[30,161310,161311,161316,161319,161322],{},[33,161312,161313,161315],{},[17,161314,63991],{}," combines items from two or more iterables",[33,161317,161318],{},"It groups items by matching positions",[33,161320,161321],{},"The result is a zip object, which is an iterator",[33,161323,161324],{},"A zip object can be looped over or converted to a list",[14,161326,161327],{},"For example, if you combine two lists, the first item from each list becomes one pair, the second item from each list becomes another pair, and so on.",[141,161329,2024],{"id":2023},[14,161331,6846],{},[60,161333,161335],{"className":62,"code":161334,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"zip(iterable1, iterable2, ...)\n",[17,161336,161337],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,161338,161339,161341,161343,161346,161348,161351,161353,161355],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,161340,64061],{"class":109},[69,161342,113],{"class":83},[69,161344,161345],{"class":121},"iterable1",[69,161347,91],{"class":83},[69,161349,161350],{"class":121}," iterable2",[69,161352,91],{"class":83},[69,161354,34111],{"class":109},[69,161356,221],{"class":83},[14,161358,161359],{},"Each step creates one tuple of matched items.",[14,161361,161362],{},"If you pass two iterables, each result item has two values:",[60,161364,161366],{"className":62,"code":161365,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nletters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(numbers, letters)))\n",[17,161367,161368,161388,161420,161424],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,161369,161370,161372,161374,161376,161378,161380,161382,161384,161386],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,161371,801],{"class":75},[69,161373,80],{"class":79},[69,161375,84],{"class":83},[69,161377,473],{"class":87},[69,161379,91],{"class":83},[69,161381,316],{"class":87},[69,161383,91],{"class":83},[69,161385,516],{"class":87},[69,161387,103],{"class":83},[69,161389,161390,161392,161394,161396,161398,161400,161402,161404,161406,161408,161410,161412,161414,161416,161418],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,161391,35750],{"class":75},[69,161393,80],{"class":79},[69,161395,84],{"class":83},[69,161397,333],{"class":94},[69,161399,192],{"class":336},[69,161401,333],{"class":94},[69,161403,91],{"class":83},[69,161405,964],{"class":94},[69,161407,4587],{"class":336},[69,161409,333],{"class":94},[69,161411,91],{"class":83},[69,161413,964],{"class":94},[69,161415,9376],{"class":336},[69,161417,333],{"class":94},[69,161419,103],{"class":83},[69,161421,161422],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,161423,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,161425,161426,161428,161430,161432,161434,161436,161438,161440,161442,161444],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,161427,110],{"class":109},[69,161429,113],{"class":83},[69,161431,7725],{"class":1126},[69,161433,113],{"class":83},[69,161435,64061],{"class":109},[69,161437,113],{"class":83},[69,161439,3512],{"class":121},[69,161441,91],{"class":83},[69,161443,69768],{"class":121},[69,161445,297],{"class":83},[14,161447,643],{},[60,161449,161451],{"className":62,"code":161450,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[(1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'c')]\n",[17,161452,161453],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,161454,161455,161457,161459,161461,161463,161465,161467,161469,161471,161473,161475,161477,161479,161481,161483,161485,161487,161489,161491,161493,161495],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,161456,21391],{"class":83},[69,161458,473],{"class":87},[69,161460,91],{"class":83},[69,161462,3161],{"class":94},[69,161464,192],{"class":336},[69,161466,488],{"class":94},[69,161468,8869],{"class":83},[69,161470,8872],{"class":83},[69,161472,821],{"class":87},[69,161474,91],{"class":83},[69,161476,3161],{"class":94},[69,161478,4587],{"class":336},[69,161480,488],{"class":94},[69,161482,8869],{"class":83},[69,161484,8872],{"class":83},[69,161486,1929],{"class":87},[69,161488,91],{"class":83},[69,161490,3161],{"class":94},[69,161492,9376],{"class":336},[69,161494,488],{"class":94},[69,161496,8885],{"class":83},[14,161498,161499],{},"If you pass three iterables, each result item has three values:",[60,161501,161503],{"className":62,"code":161502,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\ngrades = [\"A\", \"B\", \"B+\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(names, scores, grades)))\n",[17,161504,161505,161537,161557,161591,161595],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,161506,161507,161509,161511,161513,161515,161517,161519,161521,161523,161525,161527,161529,161531,161533,161535],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,161508,4822],{"class":75},[69,161510,80],{"class":79},[69,161512,84],{"class":83},[69,161514,333],{"class":94},[69,161516,12524],{"class":336},[69,161518,333],{"class":94},[69,161520,91],{"class":83},[69,161522,964],{"class":94},[69,161524,35600],{"class":336},[69,161526,333],{"class":94},[69,161528,91],{"class":83},[69,161530,964],{"class":94},[69,161532,35609],{"class":336},[69,161534,333],{"class":94},[69,161536,103],{"class":83},[69,161538,161539,161541,161543,161545,161547,161549,161551,161553,161555],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,161540,4891],{"class":75},[69,161542,80],{"class":79},[69,161544,84],{"class":83},[69,161546,13147],{"class":87},[69,161548,91],{"class":83},[69,161550,13152],{"class":87},[69,161552,91],{"class":83},[69,161554,28574],{"class":87},[69,161556,103],{"class":83},[69,161558,161559,161562,161564,161566,161568,161570,161572,161574,161576,161578,161580,161582,161584,161587,161589],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,161560,161561],{"class":75},"grades ",[69,161563,80],{"class":79},[69,161565,84],{"class":83},[69,161567,333],{"class":94},[69,161569,21896],{"class":336},[69,161571,333],{"class":94},[69,161573,91],{"class":83},[69,161575,964],{"class":94},[69,161577,30255],{"class":336},[69,161579,333],{"class":94},[69,161581,91],{"class":83},[69,161583,964],{"class":94},[69,161585,161586],{"class":336},"B+",[69,161588,333],{"class":94},[69,161590,103],{"class":83},[69,161592,161593],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,161594,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,161596,161597,161599,161601,161603,161605,161607,161609,161611,161613,161615,161617,161620],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,161598,110],{"class":109},[69,161600,113],{"class":83},[69,161602,7725],{"class":1126},[69,161604,113],{"class":83},[69,161606,64061],{"class":109},[69,161608,113],{"class":83},[69,161610,4866],{"class":121},[69,161612,91],{"class":83},[69,161614,4938],{"class":121},[69,161616,91],{"class":83},[69,161618,161619],{"class":121}," grades",[69,161621,297],{"class":83},[14,161623,643],{},[60,161625,161627],{"className":62,"code":161626,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[('Ana', 90, 'A'), ('Ben', 85, 'B'), ('Cara', 88, 'B+')]\n",[17,161628,161629],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,161630,161631,161633,161635,161637,161639,161641,161643,161645,161647,161649,161651,161653,161655,161657,161659,161661,161663,161665,161667,161669,161671,161673,161675,161677,161679,161681,161683,161685,161687,161689,161691,161693,161695],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,161632,21391],{"class":83},[69,161634,488],{"class":94},[69,161636,12524],{"class":336},[69,161638,488],{"class":94},[69,161640,91],{"class":83},[69,161642,19548],{"class":87},[69,161644,91],{"class":83},[69,161646,3161],{"class":94},[69,161648,21896],{"class":336},[69,161650,488],{"class":94},[69,161652,8869],{"class":83},[69,161654,8872],{"class":83},[69,161656,488],{"class":94},[69,161658,35600],{"class":336},[69,161660,488],{"class":94},[69,161662,91],{"class":83},[69,161664,13152],{"class":87},[69,161666,91],{"class":83},[69,161668,3161],{"class":94},[69,161670,30255],{"class":336},[69,161672,488],{"class":94},[69,161674,8869],{"class":83},[69,161676,8872],{"class":83},[69,161678,488],{"class":94},[69,161680,35609],{"class":336},[69,161682,488],{"class":94},[69,161684,91],{"class":83},[69,161686,28574],{"class":87},[69,161688,91],{"class":83},[69,161690,3161],{"class":94},[69,161692,161586],{"class":336},[69,161694,488],{"class":94},[69,161696,8885],{"class":83},[141,161698,161700],{"id":161699},"simple-example-with-two-lists","Simple example with two lists",[14,161702,161703],{},"A common beginner use is looping through two related lists at the same time.",[60,161705,161707],{"className":62,"code":161706,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name} scored {score}\")\n",[17,161708,161709,161741,161761,161765,161789],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,161710,161711,161713,161715,161717,161719,161721,161723,161725,161727,161729,161731,161733,161735,161737,161739],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,161712,4822],{"class":75},[69,161714,80],{"class":79},[69,161716,84],{"class":83},[69,161718,333],{"class":94},[69,161720,12524],{"class":336},[69,161722,333],{"class":94},[69,161724,91],{"class":83},[69,161726,964],{"class":94},[69,161728,35600],{"class":336},[69,161730,333],{"class":94},[69,161732,91],{"class":83},[69,161734,964],{"class":94},[69,161736,35609],{"class":336},[69,161738,333],{"class":94},[69,161740,103],{"class":83},[69,161742,161743,161745,161747,161749,161751,161753,161755,161757,161759],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,161744,4891],{"class":75},[69,161746,80],{"class":79},[69,161748,84],{"class":83},[69,161750,13147],{"class":87},[69,161752,91],{"class":83},[69,161754,13152],{"class":87},[69,161756,91],{"class":83},[69,161758,28574],{"class":87},[69,161760,103],{"class":83},[69,161762,161763],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,161764,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,161766,161767,161769,161771,161773,161775,161777,161779,161781,161783,161785,161787],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,161768,774],{"class":773},[69,161770,35651],{"class":75},[69,161772,91],{"class":83},[69,161774,4933],{"class":75},[69,161776,780],{"class":773},[69,161778,161247],{"class":109},[69,161780,113],{"class":83},[69,161782,4866],{"class":121},[69,161784,91],{"class":83},[69,161786,4938],{"class":121},[69,161788,7974],{"class":83},[69,161790,161791,161793,161795,161797,161799,161801,161803,161805,161808,161810,161812,161814,161816],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,161792,7700],{"class":109},[69,161794,113],{"class":83},[69,161796,21945],{"class":1932},[69,161798,333],{"class":336},[69,161800,8914],{"class":87},[69,161802,7297],{"class":121},[69,161804,21954],{"class":87},[69,161806,161807],{"class":336}," scored ",[69,161809,8914],{"class":87},[69,161811,85192],{"class":121},[69,161813,21954],{"class":87},[69,161815,333],{"class":336},[69,161817,221],{"class":83},[14,161819,643],{},[60,161821,161823],{"className":62,"code":161822,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Ana scored 90\nBen scored 85\nCara scored 88\n",[17,161824,161825,161832,161839],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,161826,161827,161830],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,161828,161829],{"class":75},"Ana scored ",[69,161831,32792],{"class":87},[69,161833,161834,161837],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,161835,161836],{"class":75},"Ben scored ",[69,161838,32797],{"class":87},[69,161840,161841,161844],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,161842,161843],{"class":75},"Cara scored ",[69,161845,32802],{"class":87},[14,161847,44596],{},[30,161849,161850,161859,161862],{},[33,161851,161852,161855,161856],{},[17,161853,161854],{},"zip(names, scores)"," creates pairs like ",[17,161857,161858],{},"(\"Ana\", 90)",[33,161860,161861],{},"The loop runs once for each pair",[33,161863,161864,587,161866,161868],{},[17,161865,7297],{},[17,161867,85192],{}," unpack the tuple into separate variables",[14,161870,161871,161872,25],{},"If tuple unpacking feels unfamiliar, it may help to first practice ",[192,161873,69285],{"href":69284},[141,161875,161877],{"id":161876},"what-happens-when-lengths-are-different","What happens when lengths are different",[14,161879,161880,161882],{},[17,161881,63991],{}," stops at the shortest iterable.",[14,161884,161885],{},"That means extra items in longer iterables are ignored.",[60,161887,161889],{"className":62,"code":161888,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[17,161890,161891,161932,161948,161952,161976],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,161892,161893,161895,161897,161899,161901,161903,161905,161907,161909,161911,161913,161915,161917,161919,161921,161923,161925,161928,161930],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,161894,4822],{"class":75},[69,161896,80],{"class":79},[69,161898,84],{"class":83},[69,161900,333],{"class":94},[69,161902,12524],{"class":336},[69,161904,333],{"class":94},[69,161906,91],{"class":83},[69,161908,964],{"class":94},[69,161910,35600],{"class":336},[69,161912,333],{"class":94},[69,161914,91],{"class":83},[69,161916,964],{"class":94},[69,161918,35609],{"class":336},[69,161920,333],{"class":94},[69,161922,91],{"class":83},[69,161924,964],{"class":94},[69,161926,161927],{"class":336},"Dan",[69,161929,333],{"class":94},[69,161931,103],{"class":83},[69,161933,161934,161936,161938,161940,161942,161944,161946],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,161935,4891],{"class":75},[69,161937,80],{"class":79},[69,161939,84],{"class":83},[69,161941,13147],{"class":87},[69,161943,91],{"class":83},[69,161945,13152],{"class":87},[69,161947,103],{"class":83},[69,161949,161950],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,161951,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,161953,161954,161956,161958,161960,161962,161964,161966,161968,161970,161972,161974],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,161955,774],{"class":773},[69,161957,35651],{"class":75},[69,161959,91],{"class":83},[69,161961,4933],{"class":75},[69,161963,780],{"class":773},[69,161965,161247],{"class":109},[69,161967,113],{"class":83},[69,161969,4866],{"class":121},[69,161971,91],{"class":83},[69,161973,4938],{"class":121},[69,161975,7974],{"class":83},[69,161977,161978,161980,161982,161984,161986,161988],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,161979,7700],{"class":109},[69,161981,113],{"class":83},[69,161983,7297],{"class":121},[69,161985,91],{"class":83},[69,161987,130535],{"class":121},[69,161989,221],{"class":83},[14,161991,643],{},[60,161993,161995],{"className":62,"code":161994,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Ana 90\nBen 85\n",[17,161996,161997,162003],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,161998,161999,162001],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,162000,133554],{"class":75},[69,162002,32792],{"class":87},[69,162004,162005,162007],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,162006,161289],{"class":75},[69,162008,32797],{"class":87},[14,162010,2152,162011,587,162014,162017],{},[17,162012,162013],{},"\"Cara\"",[17,162015,162016],{},"\"Dan\""," are not used.",[14,162019,162020],{},"This behavior is often helpful, but it can also hide mistakes. If you expected all items to be paired, check the lengths first:",[60,162022,162024],{"className":62,"code":162023,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nprint(len(names), len(scores))\n",[17,162025,162026,162066,162082,162086],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,162027,162028,162030,162032,162034,162036,162038,162040,162042,162044,162046,162048,162050,162052,162054,162056,162058,162060,162062,162064],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,162029,4822],{"class":75},[69,162031,80],{"class":79},[69,162033,84],{"class":83},[69,162035,333],{"class":94},[69,162037,12524],{"class":336},[69,162039,333],{"class":94},[69,162041,91],{"class":83},[69,162043,964],{"class":94},[69,162045,35600],{"class":336},[69,162047,333],{"class":94},[69,162049,91],{"class":83},[69,162051,964],{"class":94},[69,162053,35609],{"class":336},[69,162055,333],{"class":94},[69,162057,91],{"class":83},[69,162059,964],{"class":94},[69,162061,161927],{"class":336},[69,162063,333],{"class":94},[69,162065,103],{"class":83},[69,162067,162068,162070,162072,162074,162076,162078,162080],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,162069,4891],{"class":75},[69,162071,80],{"class":79},[69,162073,84],{"class":83},[69,162075,13147],{"class":87},[69,162077,91],{"class":83},[69,162079,13152],{"class":87},[69,162081,103],{"class":83},[69,162083,162084],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,162085,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,162087,162088,162090,162092,162094,162096,162098,162100,162102,162104,162106],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,162089,110],{"class":109},[69,162091,113],{"class":83},[69,162093,10801],{"class":109},[69,162095,113],{"class":83},[69,162097,4866],{"class":121},[69,162099,8869],{"class":83},[69,162101,38048],{"class":109},[69,162103,113],{"class":83},[69,162105,16036],{"class":121},[69,162107,342],{"class":83},[14,162109,643],{},[60,162111,162113],{"className":62,"code":162112,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"4 2\n",[17,162114,162115],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,162116,162117,162119],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,162118,808],{"class":87},[69,162120,45255],{"class":87},[14,162122,162123,162124,25],{},"If missing pairs are unexpected, compare the lengths before using ",[17,162125,63991],{},[141,162127,91783,162129,162131],{"id":162128},"converting-zip-output",[17,162130,63991],{}," output",[14,162133,28715,162134,162136],{},[17,162135,63991],{}," returns a zip object, you often need to convert it.",[1369,162138,132,162140],{"id":162139},"use-listzip",[17,162141,162142],{},"list(zip(...))",[14,162144,162145],{},"This is the easiest way to see all pairs at once.",[60,162147,162149],{"className":62,"code":162148,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[17,162150,162151,162183,162203,162207,162229],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,162152,162153,162155,162157,162159,162161,162163,162165,162167,162169,162171,162173,162175,162177,162179,162181],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,162154,4822],{"class":75},[69,162156,80],{"class":79},[69,162158,84],{"class":83},[69,162160,333],{"class":94},[69,162162,12524],{"class":336},[69,162164,333],{"class":94},[69,162166,91],{"class":83},[69,162168,964],{"class":94},[69,162170,35600],{"class":336},[69,162172,333],{"class":94},[69,162174,91],{"class":83},[69,162176,964],{"class":94},[69,162178,35609],{"class":336},[69,162180,333],{"class":94},[69,162182,103],{"class":83},[69,162184,162185,162187,162189,162191,162193,162195,162197,162199,162201],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,162186,4891],{"class":75},[69,162188,80],{"class":79},[69,162190,84],{"class":83},[69,162192,13147],{"class":87},[69,162194,91],{"class":83},[69,162196,13152],{"class":87},[69,162198,91],{"class":83},[69,162200,28574],{"class":87},[69,162202,103],{"class":83},[69,162204,162205],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,162206,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,162208,162209,162211,162213,162215,162217,162219,162221,162223,162225,162227],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,162210,8851],{"class":75},[69,162212,80],{"class":79},[69,162214,22211],{"class":1126},[69,162216,113],{"class":83},[69,162218,64061],{"class":109},[69,162220,113],{"class":83},[69,162222,4866],{"class":121},[69,162224,91],{"class":83},[69,162226,4938],{"class":121},[69,162228,342],{"class":83},[69,162230,162231,162233,162235,162237],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,162232,110],{"class":109},[69,162234,113],{"class":83},[69,162236,8898],{"class":121},[69,162238,221],{"class":83},[14,162240,643],{},[60,162242,162244],{"className":62,"code":162243,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85), ('Cara', 88)]\n",[17,162245,162246],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,162247,162248,162250,162252,162254,162256,162258,162260,162262,162264,162266,162268,162270,162272,162274,162276,162278,162280,162282,162284,162286,162288],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,162249,21391],{"class":83},[69,162251,488],{"class":94},[69,162253,12524],{"class":336},[69,162255,488],{"class":94},[69,162257,91],{"class":83},[69,162259,19548],{"class":87},[69,162261,8869],{"class":83},[69,162263,8872],{"class":83},[69,162265,488],{"class":94},[69,162267,35600],{"class":336},[69,162269,488],{"class":94},[69,162271,91],{"class":83},[69,162273,13152],{"class":87},[69,162275,8869],{"class":83},[69,162277,8872],{"class":83},[69,162279,488],{"class":94},[69,162281,35609],{"class":336},[69,162283,488],{"class":94},[69,162285,91],{"class":83},[69,162287,28574],{"class":87},[69,162289,8885],{"class":83},[1369,162291,132,162293],{"id":162292},"use-dictzipkeys-values",[17,162294,162295],{},"dict(zip(keys, values))",[14,162297,162298],{},"This is a common way to build a dictionary.",[60,162300,162302],{"className":62,"code":162301,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nvalues = [\"Ana\", 25, \"Lima\"]\n\nperson = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(person)\n",[17,162303,162304,162336,162364,162368,162390],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,162305,162306,162308,162310,162312,162314,162316,162318,162320,162322,162324,162326,162328,162330,162332,162334],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,162307,16890],{"class":75},[69,162309,80],{"class":79},[69,162311,84],{"class":83},[69,162313,333],{"class":94},[69,162315,7297],{"class":336},[69,162317,333],{"class":94},[69,162319,91],{"class":83},[69,162321,964],{"class":94},[69,162323,8935],{"class":336},[69,162325,333],{"class":94},[69,162327,91],{"class":83},[69,162329,964],{"class":94},[69,162331,10046],{"class":336},[69,162333,333],{"class":94},[69,162335,103],{"class":83},[69,162337,162338,162340,162342,162344,162346,162348,162350,162352,162354,162356,162358,162360,162362],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,162339,76],{"class":75},[69,162341,80],{"class":79},[69,162343,84],{"class":83},[69,162345,333],{"class":94},[69,162347,12524],{"class":336},[69,162349,333],{"class":94},[69,162351,91],{"class":83},[69,162353,8942],{"class":87},[69,162355,91],{"class":83},[69,162357,964],{"class":94},[69,162359,15678],{"class":336},[69,162361,333],{"class":94},[69,162363,103],{"class":83},[69,162365,162366],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,162367,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,162369,162370,162372,162374,162376,162378,162380,162382,162384,162386,162388],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,162371,12849],{"class":75},[69,162373,80],{"class":79},[69,162375,8806],{"class":1126},[69,162377,113],{"class":83},[69,162379,64061],{"class":109},[69,162381,113],{"class":83},[69,162383,16571],{"class":121},[69,162385,91],{"class":83},[69,162387,3724],{"class":121},[69,162389,342],{"class":83},[69,162391,162392,162394,162396,162398],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,162393,110],{"class":109},[69,162395,113],{"class":83},[69,162397,16955],{"class":121},[69,162399,221],{"class":83},[14,162401,643],{},[60,162403,162405],{"className":62,"code":162404,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[17,162406,162407],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,162408,162409,162411,162413,162415,162417,162419,162421,162423,162425,162427,162429,162431,162433,162435,162437,162439,162441,162443,162445,162447,162449,162451,162453],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,162410,8914],{"class":83},[69,162412,488],{"class":94},[69,162414,7297],{"class":336},[69,162416,488],{"class":94},[69,162418,1044],{"class":83},[69,162420,3161],{"class":94},[69,162422,12524],{"class":336},[69,162424,488],{"class":94},[69,162426,91],{"class":83},[69,162428,3161],{"class":94},[69,162430,8935],{"class":336},[69,162432,488],{"class":94},[69,162434,1044],{"class":83},[69,162436,8942],{"class":87},[69,162438,91],{"class":83},[69,162440,3161],{"class":94},[69,162442,10046],{"class":336},[69,162444,488],{"class":94},[69,162446,1044],{"class":83},[69,162448,3161],{"class":94},[69,162450,15678],{"class":336},[69,162452,488],{"class":94},[69,162454,8945],{"class":83},[14,162456,162457,162458,25],{},"If you want more dictionary examples, see ",[192,162459,30742],{"href":30741},[1369,162461,162463],{"id":162462},"a-zip-object-is-consumed-after-use","A zip object is consumed after use",[14,162465,162466],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After you loop over it once, it is exhausted.",[60,162468,162470],{"className":62,"code":162469,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = zip(names, scores)\n\nprint(list(pairs))\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[17,162471,162472,162496,162512,162516,162534,162538,162552],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,162473,162474,162476,162478,162480,162482,162484,162486,162488,162490,162492,162494],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,162475,4822],{"class":75},[69,162477,80],{"class":79},[69,162479,84],{"class":83},[69,162481,333],{"class":94},[69,162483,12524],{"class":336},[69,162485,333],{"class":94},[69,162487,91],{"class":83},[69,162489,964],{"class":94},[69,162491,35600],{"class":336},[69,162493,333],{"class":94},[69,162495,103],{"class":83},[69,162497,162498,162500,162502,162504,162506,162508,162510],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,162499,4891],{"class":75},[69,162501,80],{"class":79},[69,162503,84],{"class":83},[69,162505,13147],{"class":87},[69,162507,91],{"class":83},[69,162509,13152],{"class":87},[69,162511,103],{"class":83},[69,162513,162514],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,162515,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,162517,162518,162520,162522,162524,162526,162528,162530,162532],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,162519,8851],{"class":75},[69,162521,80],{"class":79},[69,162523,161247],{"class":109},[69,162525,113],{"class":83},[69,162527,4866],{"class":121},[69,162529,91],{"class":83},[69,162531,4938],{"class":121},[69,162533,221],{"class":83},[69,162535,162536],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,162537,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,162539,162540,162542,162544,162546,162548,162550],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,162541,110],{"class":109},[69,162543,113],{"class":83},[69,162545,7725],{"class":1126},[69,162547,113],{"class":83},[69,162549,8898],{"class":121},[69,162551,342],{"class":83},[69,162553,162554,162556,162558,162560,162562,162564],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,162555,110],{"class":109},[69,162557,113],{"class":83},[69,162559,7725],{"class":1126},[69,162561,113],{"class":83},[69,162563,8898],{"class":121},[69,162565,342],{"class":83},[14,162567,643],{},[60,162569,162571],{"className":62,"code":162570,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n[]\n",[17,162572,162573,162603],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,162574,162575,162577,162579,162581,162583,162585,162587,162589,162591,162593,162595,162597,162599,162601],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,162576,21391],{"class":83},[69,162578,488],{"class":94},[69,162580,12524],{"class":336},[69,162582,488],{"class":94},[69,162584,91],{"class":83},[69,162586,19548],{"class":87},[69,162588,8869],{"class":83},[69,162590,8872],{"class":83},[69,162592,488],{"class":94},[69,162594,35600],{"class":336},[69,162596,488],{"class":94},[69,162598,91],{"class":83},[69,162600,13152],{"class":87},[69,162602,8885],{"class":83},[69,162604,162605],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,162606,37959],{"class":83},[14,162608,162609],{},"If you need the data again, convert it to a list first or create a new zip object.",[14,162611,162612,162613,25],{},"For a deeper explanation, see ",[192,162614,375],{"href":374},[141,162616,40709],{"id":40708},[14,162618,162619,162620,25],{},"Here are some simple ways beginners use ",[17,162621,63991],{},[1369,162623,162625],{"id":162624},"loop-through-names-and-scores-together","Loop through names and scores together",[60,162627,162629],{"className":62,"code":162628,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name}: {score}\")\n",[17,162630,162631,162663,162683,162687,162711],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,162632,162633,162635,162637,162639,162641,162643,162645,162647,162649,162651,162653,162655,162657,162659,162661],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,162634,4822],{"class":75},[69,162636,80],{"class":79},[69,162638,84],{"class":83},[69,162640,333],{"class":94},[69,162642,12524],{"class":336},[69,162644,333],{"class":94},[69,162646,91],{"class":83},[69,162648,964],{"class":94},[69,162650,35600],{"class":336},[69,162652,333],{"class":94},[69,162654,91],{"class":83},[69,162656,964],{"class":94},[69,162658,35609],{"class":336},[69,162660,333],{"class":94},[69,162662,103],{"class":83},[69,162664,162665,162667,162669,162671,162673,162675,162677,162679,162681],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,162666,4891],{"class":75},[69,162668,80],{"class":79},[69,162670,84],{"class":83},[69,162672,13147],{"class":87},[69,162674,91],{"class":83},[69,162676,13152],{"class":87},[69,162678,91],{"class":83},[69,162680,28574],{"class":87},[69,162682,103],{"class":83},[69,162684,162685],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,162686,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,162688,162689,162691,162693,162695,162697,162699,162701,162703,162705,162707,162709],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,162690,774],{"class":773},[69,162692,35651],{"class":75},[69,162694,91],{"class":83},[69,162696,4933],{"class":75},[69,162698,780],{"class":773},[69,162700,161247],{"class":109},[69,162702,113],{"class":83},[69,162704,4866],{"class":121},[69,162706,91],{"class":83},[69,162708,4938],{"class":121},[69,162710,7974],{"class":83},[69,162712,162713,162715,162717,162719,162721,162723,162725,162727,162729,162731,162733,162735,162737],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,162714,7700],{"class":109},[69,162716,113],{"class":83},[69,162718,21945],{"class":1932},[69,162720,333],{"class":336},[69,162722,8914],{"class":87},[69,162724,7297],{"class":121},[69,162726,21954],{"class":87},[69,162728,21957],{"class":336},[69,162730,8914],{"class":87},[69,162732,85192],{"class":121},[69,162734,21954],{"class":87},[69,162736,333],{"class":336},[69,162738,221],{"class":83},[1369,162740,162742],{"id":162741},"combine-keys-and-values-into-a-dictionary","Combine keys and values into a dictionary",[60,162744,162746],{"className":62,"code":162745,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"keys = [\"id\", \"name\", \"active\"]\nvalues = [101, \"Ana\", True]\n\ndata = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(data)\n",[17,162747,162748,162780,162804,162808,162830],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,162749,162750,162752,162754,162756,162758,162760,162762,162764,162766,162768,162770,162772,162774,162776,162778],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,162751,16890],{"class":75},[69,162753,80],{"class":79},[69,162755,84],{"class":83},[69,162757,333],{"class":94},[69,162759,12292],{"class":336},[69,162761,333],{"class":94},[69,162763,91],{"class":83},[69,162765,964],{"class":94},[69,162767,7297],{"class":336},[69,162769,333],{"class":94},[69,162771,91],{"class":83},[69,162773,964],{"class":94},[69,162775,15468],{"class":336},[69,162777,333],{"class":94},[69,162779,103],{"class":83},[69,162781,162782,162784,162786,162788,162790,162792,162794,162796,162798,162800,162802],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,162783,76],{"class":75},[69,162785,80],{"class":79},[69,162787,84],{"class":83},[69,162789,46258],{"class":87},[69,162791,91],{"class":83},[69,162793,964],{"class":94},[69,162795,12524],{"class":336},[69,162797,333],{"class":94},[69,162799,91],{"class":83},[69,162801,1461],{"class":289},[69,162803,103],{"class":83},[69,162805,162806],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,162807,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,162809,162810,162812,162814,162816,162818,162820,162822,162824,162826,162828],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,162811,8801],{"class":75},[69,162813,80],{"class":79},[69,162815,8806],{"class":1126},[69,162817,113],{"class":83},[69,162819,64061],{"class":109},[69,162821,113],{"class":83},[69,162823,16571],{"class":121},[69,162825,91],{"class":83},[69,162827,3724],{"class":121},[69,162829,342],{"class":83},[69,162831,162832,162834,162836,162838],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,162833,110],{"class":109},[69,162835,113],{"class":83},[69,162837,8840],{"class":121},[69,162839,221],{"class":83},[1369,162841,162843],{"id":162842},"compare-two-lists-item-by-item","Compare two lists item by item",[60,162845,162847],{"className":62,"code":162846,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"list1 = [10, 20, 30]\nlist2 = [10, 25, 30]\n\nfor a, b in zip(list1, list2):\n    print(a == b)\n",[17,162848,162849,162869,162889,162893,162918],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,162850,162851,162853,162855,162857,162859,162861,162863,162865,162867],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,162852,80330],{"class":75},[69,162854,80],{"class":79},[69,162856,84],{"class":83},[69,162858,2197],{"class":87},[69,162860,91],{"class":83},[69,162862,7420],{"class":87},[69,162864,91],{"class":83},[69,162866,7425],{"class":87},[69,162868,103],{"class":83},[69,162870,162871,162873,162875,162877,162879,162881,162883,162885,162887],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,162872,80351],{"class":75},[69,162874,80],{"class":79},[69,162876,84],{"class":83},[69,162878,2197],{"class":87},[69,162880,91],{"class":83},[69,162882,8942],{"class":87},[69,162884,91],{"class":83},[69,162886,7425],{"class":87},[69,162888,103],{"class":83},[69,162890,162891],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,162892,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,162894,162895,162897,162899,162901,162904,162906,162908,162910,162912,162914,162916],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,162896,774],{"class":773},[69,162898,56557],{"class":75},[69,162900,91],{"class":83},[69,162902,162903],{"class":75}," b ",[69,162905,780],{"class":773},[69,162907,161247],{"class":109},[69,162909,113],{"class":83},[69,162911,111422],{"class":121},[69,162913,91],{"class":83},[69,162915,80394],{"class":121},[69,162917,7974],{"class":83},[69,162919,162920,162922,162924,162926,162928,162930],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,162921,7700],{"class":109},[69,162923,113],{"class":83},[69,162925,2421],{"class":121},[69,162927,992],{"class":79},[69,162929,2426],{"class":121},[69,162931,221],{"class":83},[14,162933,643],{},[60,162935,162937],{"className":62,"code":162936,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"True\nFalse\nTrue\n",[17,162938,162939,162943,162947],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,162940,162941],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,162942,355],{"class":289},[69,162944,162945],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,162946,360],{"class":289},[69,162948,162949],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,162950,355],{"class":289},[1369,162952,162954],{"id":162953},"print-related-values-in-the-same-loop","Print related values in the same loop",[60,162956,162958],{"className":62,"code":162957,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"products = [\"Book\", \"Pen\", \"Bag\"]\nprices = [12.5, 1.2, 25.0]\n\nfor product, price in zip(products, prices):\n    print(f\"{product} costs ${price}\")\n",[17,162959,162960,162995,163018,163022,163049],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,162961,162962,162965,162967,162969,162971,162973,162975,162977,162979,162982,162984,162986,162988,162991,162993],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,162963,162964],{"class":75},"products ",[69,162966,80],{"class":79},[69,162968,84],{"class":83},[69,162970,333],{"class":94},[69,162972,24793],{"class":336},[69,162974,333],{"class":94},[69,162976,91],{"class":83},[69,162978,964],{"class":94},[69,162980,162981],{"class":336},"Pen",[69,162983,333],{"class":94},[69,162985,91],{"class":83},[69,162987,964],{"class":94},[69,162989,162990],{"class":336},"Bag",[69,162992,333],{"class":94},[69,162994,103],{"class":83},[69,162996,162997,162999,163001,163003,163006,163008,163011,163013,163016],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,162998,82720],{"class":75},[69,163000,80],{"class":79},[69,163002,84],{"class":83},[69,163004,163005],{"class":87},"12.5",[69,163007,91],{"class":83},[69,163009,163010],{"class":87}," 1.2",[69,163012,91],{"class":83},[69,163014,163015],{"class":87}," 25.0",[69,163017,103],{"class":83},[69,163019,163020],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,163021,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,163023,163024,163026,163028,163030,163033,163035,163037,163039,163042,163044,163047],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,163025,774],{"class":773},[69,163027,24854],{"class":75},[69,163029,91],{"class":83},[69,163031,163032],{"class":75}," price ",[69,163034,780],{"class":773},[69,163036,161247],{"class":109},[69,163038,113],{"class":83},[69,163040,163041],{"class":121},"products",[69,163043,91],{"class":83},[69,163045,163046],{"class":121}," prices",[69,163048,7974],{"class":83},[69,163050,163051,163053,163055,163057,163059,163061,163063,163065,163068,163070,163072,163074,163076],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,163052,7700],{"class":109},[69,163054,113],{"class":83},[69,163056,21945],{"class":1932},[69,163058,333],{"class":336},[69,163060,8914],{"class":87},[69,163062,26662],{"class":121},[69,163064,21954],{"class":87},[69,163066,163067],{"class":336}," costs $",[69,163069,8914],{"class":87},[69,163071,24802],{"class":121},[69,163073,21954],{"class":87},[69,163075,333],{"class":336},[69,163077,221],{"class":83},[14,163079,36262,163080,25],{},[192,163081,163083],{"href":163082},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-zip-in-python\u002F","how to use zip in Python",[141,163085,163087,163088],{"id":163086},"common-mistakes-with-zip","Common mistakes with ",[17,163089,63991],{},[1369,163091,8086,163093,163095],{"id":163092},"expecting-zip-to-keep-going-to-the-longest-iterable",[17,163094,63991],{}," to keep going to the longest iterable",[14,163097,163098,163100],{},[17,163099,63991],{}," does not do that. It stops at the shortest iterable.",[14,163102,163103],{},"If values seem to be missing, compare the lengths:",[60,163105,163107],{"className":62,"code":163106,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(len(list1), len(list2))\n",[17,163108,163109],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,163110,163111,163113,163115,163117,163119,163121,163123,163125,163127,163129],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,163112,110],{"class":109},[69,163114,113],{"class":83},[69,163116,10801],{"class":109},[69,163118,113],{"class":83},[69,163120,111422],{"class":121},[69,163122,8869],{"class":83},[69,163124,38048],{"class":109},[69,163126,113],{"class":83},[69,163128,80617],{"class":121},[69,163130,342],{"class":83},[1369,163132,163134],{"id":163133},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-zip-object-after-looping-once","Trying to reuse the same zip object after looping once",[14,163136,68508],{},[60,163138,163140],{"className":62,"code":163139,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"pairs = zip([1, 2], [\"a\", \"b\"])\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n",[17,163141,163142,163178,163182,163195,163205,163209,163221],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,163143,163144,163146,163148,163150,163152,163154,163156,163158,163160,163162,163164,163166,163168,163170,163172,163174,163176],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,163145,8851],{"class":75},[69,163147,80],{"class":79},[69,163149,161247],{"class":109},[69,163151,260],{"class":83},[69,163153,473],{"class":87},[69,163155,91],{"class":83},[69,163157,316],{"class":87},[69,163159,17711],{"class":83},[69,163161,84],{"class":83},[69,163163,333],{"class":94},[69,163165,192],{"class":336},[69,163167,333],{"class":94},[69,163169,91],{"class":83},[69,163171,964],{"class":94},[69,163173,4587],{"class":336},[69,163175,333],{"class":94},[69,163177,3727],{"class":83},[69,163179,163180],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,163181,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,163183,163184,163186,163188,163190,163193],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,163185,774],{"class":773},[69,163187,777],{"class":75},[69,163189,780],{"class":773},[69,163191,163192],{"class":75}," pairs",[69,163194,1235],{"class":83},[69,163196,163197,163199,163201,163203],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,163198,7700],{"class":109},[69,163200,113],{"class":83},[69,163202,22962],{"class":121},[69,163204,221],{"class":83},[69,163206,163207],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,163208,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,163210,163211,163213,163215,163217,163219],{"class":71,"line":1238},[69,163212,774],{"class":773},[69,163214,777],{"class":75},[69,163216,780],{"class":773},[69,163218,163192],{"class":75},[69,163220,1235],{"class":83},[69,163222,163223,163225,163227,163229],{"class":71,"line":1258},[69,163224,7700],{"class":109},[69,163226,113],{"class":83},[69,163228,22962],{"class":121},[69,163230,221],{"class":83},[14,163232,163233],{},"The second loop prints nothing because the zip object has already been used.",[1369,163235,163237],{"id":163236},"forgetting-to-unpack-tuple-values-in-a-loop","Forgetting to unpack tuple values in a loop",[14,163239,163240],{},"This is correct:",[60,163242,163244],{"className":62,"code":163243,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[17,163245,163246,163270,163286,163290,163314],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,163247,163248,163250,163252,163254,163256,163258,163260,163262,163264,163266,163268],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,163249,4822],{"class":75},[69,163251,80],{"class":79},[69,163253,84],{"class":83},[69,163255,333],{"class":94},[69,163257,12524],{"class":336},[69,163259,333],{"class":94},[69,163261,91],{"class":83},[69,163263,964],{"class":94},[69,163265,35600],{"class":336},[69,163267,333],{"class":94},[69,163269,103],{"class":83},[69,163271,163272,163274,163276,163278,163280,163282,163284],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,163273,4891],{"class":75},[69,163275,80],{"class":79},[69,163277,84],{"class":83},[69,163279,13147],{"class":87},[69,163281,91],{"class":83},[69,163283,13152],{"class":87},[69,163285,103],{"class":83},[69,163287,163288],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,163289,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,163291,163292,163294,163296,163298,163300,163302,163304,163306,163308,163310,163312],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,163293,774],{"class":773},[69,163295,35651],{"class":75},[69,163297,91],{"class":83},[69,163299,4933],{"class":75},[69,163301,780],{"class":773},[69,163303,161247],{"class":109},[69,163305,113],{"class":83},[69,163307,4866],{"class":121},[69,163309,91],{"class":83},[69,163311,4938],{"class":121},[69,163313,7974],{"class":83},[69,163315,163316,163318,163320,163322,163324,163326],{"class":71,"line":1223},[69,163317,7700],{"class":109},[69,163319,113],{"class":83},[69,163321,7297],{"class":121},[69,163323,91],{"class":83},[69,163325,130535],{"class":121},[69,163327,221],{"class":83},[14,163329,163330],{},"If you use only one variable, you get the whole tuple:",[60,163332,163334],{"className":62,"code":163333,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"for item in zip(names, scores):\n    print(item)\n",[17,163335,163336,163356],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,163337,163338,163340,163342,163344,163346,163348,163350,163352,163354],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,163339,774],{"class":773},[69,163341,777],{"class":75},[69,163343,780],{"class":773},[69,163345,161247],{"class":109},[69,163347,113],{"class":83},[69,163349,4866],{"class":121},[69,163351,91],{"class":83},[69,163353,4938],{"class":121},[69,163355,7974],{"class":83},[69,163357,163358,163360,163362,163364],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,163359,7700],{"class":109},[69,163361,113],{"class":83},[69,163363,22962],{"class":121},[69,163365,221],{"class":83},[14,163367,643],{},[60,163369,163371],{"className":62,"code":163370,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"('Ana', 90)\n('Ben', 85)\n",[17,163372,163373,163389],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,163374,163375,163377,163379,163381,163383,163385,163387],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,163376,113],{"class":83},[69,163378,488],{"class":94},[69,163380,12524],{"class":336},[69,163382,488],{"class":94},[69,163384,91],{"class":83},[69,163386,19548],{"class":87},[69,163388,221],{"class":83},[69,163390,163391,163393,163395,163397,163399,163401,163403],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,163392,113],{"class":83},[69,163394,488],{"class":94},[69,163396,35600],{"class":336},[69,163398,488],{"class":94},[69,163400,91],{"class":83},[69,163402,13152],{"class":87},[69,163404,221],{"class":83},[14,163406,163407],{},"Both forms are valid, but they do different things.",[1369,163409,8050,163411,163413,163414],{"id":163410},"using-zip-when-you-actually-need-indexes-with-enumerate",[17,163412,63991],{}," when you actually need indexes with ",[17,163415,35408],{},[14,163417,132,163418,163420],{},[17,163419,63991],{}," when you want values from multiple iterables.",[14,163422,132,163423,163425],{},[17,163424,35408],{}," when you need a counter or index.",[60,163427,163428],{"className":62,"code":35577,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[17,163429,163430,163462,163466,163486],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,163431,163432,163434,163436,163438,163440,163442,163444,163446,163448,163450,163452,163454,163456,163458,163460],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,163433,4822],{"class":75},[69,163435,80],{"class":79},[69,163437,84],{"class":83},[69,163439,333],{"class":94},[69,163441,12524],{"class":336},[69,163443,333],{"class":94},[69,163445,91],{"class":83},[69,163447,964],{"class":94},[69,163449,35600],{"class":336},[69,163451,333],{"class":94},[69,163453,91],{"class":83},[69,163455,964],{"class":94},[69,163457,35609],{"class":336},[69,163459,333],{"class":94},[69,163461,103],{"class":83},[69,163463,163464],{"class":71,"line":106},[69,163465,834],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":833},[69,163467,163468,163470,163472,163474,163476,163478,163480,163482,163484],{"class":71,"line":300},[69,163469,774],{"class":773},[69,163471,35480],{"class":75},[69,163473,91],{"class":83},[69,163475,35628],{"class":75},[69,163477,780],{"class":773},[69,163479,35490],{"class":109},[69,163481,113],{"class":83},[69,163483,4866],{"class":121},[69,163485,7974],{"class":83},[69,163487,163488,163490,163492,163494,163496,163498],{"class":71,"line":322},[69,163489,7700],{"class":109},[69,163491,113],{"class":83},[69,163493,35505],{"class":121},[69,163495,91],{"class":83},[69,163497,35651],{"class":121},[69,163499,221],{"class":83},[14,163501,163502,163503,25],{},"If that pattern is what you need, read ",[192,163504,3441,163505,1780],{"href":91695},[17,163506,35408],{},[141,163508,1651],{"id":1650},[1369,163510,4969,163512,4972],{"id":163511},"what-does-zip-return-in-python",[17,163513,63991],{},[14,163515,163516],{},"It returns a zip object, which is an iterator that produces tuples of matched items.",[1369,163518,12347,163520,163522],{"id":163519},"does-zip-work-with-different-lengths",[17,163521,63991],{}," work with different lengths?",[14,163524,163525],{},"Yes, but it stops when the shortest iterable runs out of items.",[1369,163527,163529,163530,2359],{"id":163528},"how-do-i-see-the-values-from-zip","How do I see the values from ",[17,163531,63991],{},[14,163533,163534,163535,25],{},"Loop over it or convert it with ",[17,163536,162142],{},[1369,163538,163540,163541,2359],{"id":163539},"can-i-make-a-dictionary-with-zip","Can I make a dictionary with ",[17,163542,63991],{},[14,163544,127900,163545,163547],{},[17,163546,162295],{}," when one iterable has keys and the other has values.",[1369,163549,163551],{"id":163550},"why-is-my-zip-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my zip object empty the second time?",[14,163553,163554],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After it has been used once, it is exhausted.",[141,163556,1771],{"id":1770},[30,163558,163559,163564,163570,163574,163578],{},[33,163560,163561],{},[192,163562,163563],{"href":163082},"How to use zip in Python",[33,163565,163566],{},[192,163567,3441,163568,1780],{"href":91695},[17,163569,35408],{},[33,163571,163572],{},[192,163573,1789],{"href":374},[33,163575,163576],{},[192,163577,69361],{"href":69284},[33,163579,163580],{},[192,163581,31916],{"href":30741},[1802,163583,163584],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":163586},[163587,163588,163590,163591,163592,163593,163601,163607,163616,163627],{"id":1869,"depth":106,"text":1870},{"id":161306,"depth":106,"text":163589},"What zip() does",{"id":2023,"depth":106,"text":2024},{"id":161699,"depth":106,"text":161700},{"id":161876,"depth":106,"text":161877},{"id":162128,"depth":106,"text":163594,"children":163595},"Converting zip() output",[163596,163598,163600],{"id":162139,"depth":300,"text":163597},"Use list(zip(...))",{"id":162292,"depth":300,"text":163599},"Use dict(zip(keys, values))",{"id":162462,"depth":300,"text":162463},{"id":40708,"depth":106,"text":40709,"children":163602},[163603,163604,163605,163606],{"id":162624,"depth":300,"text":162625},{"id":162741,"depth":300,"text":162742},{"id":162842,"depth":300,"text":162843},{"id":162953,"depth":300,"text":162954},{"id":163086,"depth":106,"text":163608,"children":163609},"Common mistakes with zip()",[163610,163612,163613,163614],{"id":163092,"depth":300,"text":163611},"Expecting zip() to keep going to the longest iterable",{"id":163133,"depth":300,"text":163134},{"id":163236,"depth":300,"text":163237},{"id":163410,"depth":300,"text":163615},"Using zip() when you actually need indexes with enumerate()",{"id":1650,"depth":106,"text":1651,"children":163617},[163618,163620,163622,163624,163626],{"id":163511,"depth":300,"text":163619},"What does zip() return in Python?",{"id":163519,"depth":300,"text":163621},"Does zip() work with different lengths?",{"id":163528,"depth":300,"text":163623},"How do I see the values from zip()?",{"id":163539,"depth":300,"text":163625},"Can I make a dictionary with zip()?",{"id":163550,"depth":300,"text":163551},{"id":1770,"depth":106,"text":1771},"Master python zip function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained",{"title":161148,"description":163628},"reference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained","ZunBvxBXnO_OOhvHVmM9GY-KSTXZ7twigdvzrnPWr4U",1776944822083]