[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":164035},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained":3,"nav-reference":2273},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":2266,"extension":2267,"meta":2268,"navigation":1121,"path":2269,"seo":2270,"stem":2271,"__hash__":2272},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained.md","Python bool() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":2229},"minimark",[9,13,30,40,45,175,178,210,227,231,236,239,251,257,263,279,282,290,298,302,305,323,328,351,356,359,408,410,427,431,439,442,482,484,595,597,634,638,647,649,669,671,802,804,833,836,859,861,869,878,882,888,893,940,942,950,953,981,983,991,995,1024,1026,1034,1067,1069,1077,1081,1134,1136,1144,1152,1156,1159,1216,1218,1239,1246,1250,1256,1259,1268,1290,1292,1300,1308,1331,1333,1341,1346,1351,1364,1366,1407,1418,1422,1431,1434,1437,1496,1499,1551,1554,1560,1576,1583,1587,1592,1601,1604,1626,1628,1636,1642,1645,1682,1684,1692,1696,1701,1739,1751,1754,1809,1817,1821,1824,1846,1855,1858,1900,1902,1931,1937,1943,1958,1960,1980,1983,2002,2004,2023,2027,2033,2112,2115,2129,2136,2140,2144,2151,2155,2160,2164,2169,2173,2178,2182,2190,2194,2225],[10,11,5],"h1",{"id":12},"python-bool-function-explained",[14,15,16,17,21,22,25,26,29],"p",{},"The ",[18,19,20],"code",{},"bool()"," function converts a value to either ",[18,23,24],{},"True"," or ",[18,27,28],{},"False",".",[14,31,32,33,35,36,39],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a value counts as \"true\" or \"false\" in Python. Beginners often use ",[18,34,20],{}," to understand how values behave in ",[18,37,38],{},"if"," statements and other conditions.",[41,42,44],"h2",{"id":43},"quick-answer","Quick answer",[46,47,52],"pre",{"className":48,"code":49,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"language-python shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter github-light github-dark","print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(1))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\n","python","",[18,53,54,80,96,113,135,147],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,56,59,63,67,71,73,77],"span",{"class":57,"line":58},"line",1,[55,60,62],{"class":61},"sptTA","print",[55,64,66],{"class":65},"sP7_E","(",[55,68,70],{"class":69},"sZMiF","bool",[55,72,66],{"class":65},[55,74,76],{"class":75},"srdBf","0",[55,78,79],{"class":65},"))\n",[55,81,83,85,87,89,91,94],{"class":57,"line":82},2,[55,84,62],{"class":61},[55,86,66],{"class":65},[55,88,70],{"class":69},[55,90,66],{"class":65},[55,92,93],{"class":75},"1",[55,95,79],{"class":65},[55,97,99,101,103,105,107,111],{"class":57,"line":98},3,[55,100,62],{"class":61},[55,102,66],{"class":65},[55,104,70],{"class":69},[55,106,66],{"class":65},[55,108,110],{"class":109},"sjJ54","\"\"",[55,112,79],{"class":65},[55,114,116,118,120,122,124,127,131,133],{"class":57,"line":115},4,[55,117,62],{"class":61},[55,119,66],{"class":65},[55,121,70],{"class":69},[55,123,66],{"class":65},[55,125,126],{"class":109},"\"",[55,128,130],{"class":129},"s_sjI","hello",[55,132,126],{"class":109},[55,134,79],{"class":65},[55,136,138,140,142,144],{"class":57,"line":137},5,[55,139,62],{"class":61},[55,141,66],{"class":65},[55,143,70],{"class":69},[55,145,146],{"class":65},"([]))\n",[55,148,150,152,154,156,159,161,164,167,169,172],{"class":57,"line":149},6,[55,151,62],{"class":61},[55,153,66],{"class":65},[55,155,70],{"class":69},[55,157,158],{"class":65},"([",[55,160,93],{"class":75},[55,162,163],{"class":65},",",[55,165,166],{"class":75}," 2",[55,168,163],{"class":65},[55,170,171],{"class":75}," 3",[55,173,174],{"class":65},"]))\n",[14,176,177],{},"Expected output:",[46,179,181],{"className":48,"code":180,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"False\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\n",[18,182,183,189,194,198,202,206],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,184,185],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,186,188],{"class":187},"s39Yj","False\n",[55,190,191],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,192,193],{"class":187},"True\n",[55,195,196],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,197,188],{"class":187},[55,199,200],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,201,193],{"class":187},[55,203,204],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,205,188],{"class":187},[55,207,208],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,209,193],{"class":187},[14,211,212,213,216,217,25,219,221,222,224,225,29],{},"Use ",[18,214,215],{},"bool(value)"," to convert a value to ",[18,218,24],{},[18,220,28],{},". Empty and zero-like values become ",[18,223,28],{},". Most other values become ",[18,226,24],{},[41,228,230],{"id":229},"what-bool-does","What bool() does",[14,232,233,235],{},[18,234,20],{}," converts a value into a Boolean result.",[14,237,238],{},"A Boolean value can only be one of these:",[240,241,242,247],"ul",{},[243,244,245],"li",{},[18,246,24],{},[243,248,249],{},[18,250,28],{},[14,252,253,254,256],{},"This is especially useful in conditions such as ",[18,255,38],{}," statements.",[14,258,259,260,262],{},"You can also call ",[18,261,20],{}," with no argument:",[46,264,266],{"className":48,"code":265,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(bool())\n",[18,267,268],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,269,270,272,274,276],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,271,62],{"class":61},[55,273,66],{"class":65},[55,275,70],{"class":69},[55,277,278],{"class":65},"())\n",[14,280,281],{},"Output:",[46,283,284],{"className":48,"code":188,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,285,286],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,287,288],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,289,188],{"class":187},[14,291,292,293,29],{},"If you are new to Boolean values, see ",[294,295,297],"a",{"href":296},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-boolean-in-python\u002F","what a Boolean means in Python",[41,299,301],{"id":300},"bool-syntax","bool() syntax",[14,303,304],{},"The basic syntax is:",[46,306,308],{"className":48,"code":307,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"bool(value)\n",[18,309,310],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,311,312,314,316,320],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,313,70],{"class":69},[55,315,66],{"class":65},[55,317,319],{"class":318},"slqww","value",[55,321,322],{"class":65},")\n",[14,324,16,325,327],{},[18,326,319],{}," can be many different types, such as:",[240,329,330,333,336,339,342,345,348],{},[243,331,332],{},"numbers",[243,334,335],{},"strings",[243,337,338],{},"lists",[243,340,341],{},"tuples",[243,343,344],{},"dictionaries",[243,346,347],{},"sets",[243,349,350],{},"other objects",[14,352,353,354,29],{},"If you do not pass any value, Python returns ",[18,355,28],{},[14,357,358],{},"Example:",[46,360,362],{"className":48,"code":361,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(bool(10))\nprint(bool(\"Python\"))\nprint(bool())\n",[18,363,364,379,398],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,365,366,368,370,372,374,377],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,367,62],{"class":61},[55,369,66],{"class":65},[55,371,70],{"class":69},[55,373,66],{"class":65},[55,375,376],{"class":75},"10",[55,378,79],{"class":65},[55,380,381,383,385,387,389,391,394,396],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,382,62],{"class":61},[55,384,66],{"class":65},[55,386,70],{"class":69},[55,388,66],{"class":65},[55,390,126],{"class":109},[55,392,393],{"class":129},"Python",[55,395,126],{"class":109},[55,397,79],{"class":65},[55,399,400,402,404,406],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,401,62],{"class":61},[55,403,66],{"class":65},[55,405,70],{"class":69},[55,407,278],{"class":65},[14,409,281],{},[46,411,413],{"className":48,"code":412,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"True\nTrue\nFalse\n",[18,414,415,419,423],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,416,417],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,418,193],{"class":187},[55,420,421],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,422,193],{"class":187},[55,424,425],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,426,188],{"class":187},[41,428,430],{"id":429},"values-that-become-false","Values that become False",[14,432,433,434,438],{},"Some values are treated as false in Python. These are often called ",[435,436,437],"strong",{},"falsy"," values.",[14,440,441],{},"Common examples:",[240,443,444,448,453,457,462,467,472,477],{},[243,445,446],{},[18,447,76],{},[243,449,450],{},[18,451,452],{},"0.0",[243,454,455],{},[18,456,110],{},[243,458,459],{},[18,460,461],{},"[]",[243,463,464],{},[18,465,466],{},"()",[243,468,469],{},[18,470,471],{},"{}",[243,473,474],{},[18,475,476],{},"set()",[243,478,479],{},[18,480,481],{},"None",[14,483,358],{},[46,485,487],{"className":48,"code":486,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(0.0))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool(()))\nprint(bool({}))\nprint(bool(set()))\nprint(bool(None))\n",[18,488,489,503,517,531,541,552,563,580],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,490,491,493,495,497,499,501],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,492,62],{"class":61},[55,494,66],{"class":65},[55,496,70],{"class":69},[55,498,66],{"class":65},[55,500,76],{"class":75},[55,502,79],{"class":65},[55,504,505,507,509,511,513,515],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,506,62],{"class":61},[55,508,66],{"class":65},[55,510,70],{"class":69},[55,512,66],{"class":65},[55,514,452],{"class":75},[55,516,79],{"class":65},[55,518,519,521,523,525,527,529],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,520,62],{"class":61},[55,522,66],{"class":65},[55,524,70],{"class":69},[55,526,66],{"class":65},[55,528,110],{"class":109},[55,530,79],{"class":65},[55,532,533,535,537,539],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,534,62],{"class":61},[55,536,66],{"class":65},[55,538,70],{"class":69},[55,540,146],{"class":65},[55,542,543,545,547,549],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,544,62],{"class":61},[55,546,66],{"class":65},[55,548,70],{"class":69},[55,550,551],{"class":65},"(()))\n",[55,553,554,556,558,560],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,555,62],{"class":61},[55,557,66],{"class":65},[55,559,70],{"class":69},[55,561,562],{"class":65},"({}))\n",[55,564,566,568,570,572,574,577],{"class":57,"line":565},7,[55,567,62],{"class":61},[55,569,66],{"class":65},[55,571,70],{"class":69},[55,573,66],{"class":65},[55,575,576],{"class":69},"set",[55,578,579],{"class":65},"()))\n",[55,581,583,585,587,589,591,593],{"class":57,"line":582},8,[55,584,62],{"class":61},[55,586,66],{"class":65},[55,588,70],{"class":69},[55,590,66],{"class":65},[55,592,481],{"class":187},[55,594,79],{"class":65},[14,596,281],{},[46,598,600],{"className":48,"code":599,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"False\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\n",[18,601,602,606,610,614,618,622,626,630],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,603,604],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,605,188],{"class":187},[55,607,608],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,609,188],{"class":187},[55,611,612],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,613,188],{"class":187},[55,615,616],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,617,188],{"class":187},[55,619,620],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,621,188],{"class":187},[55,623,624],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,625,188],{"class":187},[55,627,628],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,629,188],{"class":187},[55,631,632],{"class":57,"line":582},[55,633,188],{"class":187},[41,635,637],{"id":636},"values-that-become-true","Values that become True",[14,639,640,641,643,644,438],{},"Many values become ",[18,642,24],{},". These are often called ",[435,645,646],{},"truthy",[14,648,441],{},[240,650,651,654,657,660,663,666],{},[243,652,653],{},"non-zero numbers",[243,655,656],{},"non-empty strings",[243,658,659],{},"non-empty lists",[243,661,662],{},"non-empty tuples",[243,664,665],{},"non-empty sets",[243,667,668],{},"non-empty dictionaries",[14,670,358],{},[46,672,674],{"className":48,"code":673,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(bool(5))\nprint(bool(-2))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(bool((1, 2)))\nprint(bool({\"name\": \"Sam\"}))\n",[18,675,676,691,710,728,750,770],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,677,678,680,682,684,686,689],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,679,62],{"class":61},[55,681,66],{"class":65},[55,683,70],{"class":69},[55,685,66],{"class":65},[55,687,688],{"class":75},"5",[55,690,79],{"class":65},[55,692,693,695,697,699,701,705,708],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,694,62],{"class":61},[55,696,66],{"class":65},[55,698,70],{"class":69},[55,700,66],{"class":65},[55,702,704],{"class":703},"smGrS","-",[55,706,707],{"class":75},"2",[55,709,79],{"class":65},[55,711,712,714,716,718,720,722,724,726],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,713,62],{"class":61},[55,715,66],{"class":65},[55,717,70],{"class":69},[55,719,66],{"class":65},[55,721,126],{"class":109},[55,723,130],{"class":129},[55,725,126],{"class":109},[55,727,79],{"class":65},[55,729,730,732,734,736,738,740,742,744,746,748],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,731,62],{"class":61},[55,733,66],{"class":65},[55,735,70],{"class":69},[55,737,158],{"class":65},[55,739,93],{"class":75},[55,741,163],{"class":65},[55,743,166],{"class":75},[55,745,163],{"class":65},[55,747,171],{"class":75},[55,749,174],{"class":65},[55,751,752,754,756,758,761,763,765,767],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,753,62],{"class":61},[55,755,66],{"class":65},[55,757,70],{"class":69},[55,759,760],{"class":65},"((",[55,762,93],{"class":75},[55,764,163],{"class":65},[55,766,166],{"class":75},[55,768,769],{"class":65},")))\n",[55,771,772,774,776,778,781,783,786,788,791,794,797,799],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,773,62],{"class":61},[55,775,66],{"class":65},[55,777,70],{"class":69},[55,779,780],{"class":65},"({",[55,782,126],{"class":109},[55,784,785],{"class":129},"name",[55,787,126],{"class":109},[55,789,790],{"class":65},":",[55,792,793],{"class":109}," \"",[55,795,796],{"class":129},"Sam",[55,798,126],{"class":109},[55,800,801],{"class":65},"}))\n",[14,803,281],{},[46,805,807],{"className":48,"code":806,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"True\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\n",[18,808,809,813,817,821,825,829],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,810,811],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,812,193],{"class":187},[55,814,815],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,816,193],{"class":187},[55,818,819],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,820,193],{"class":187},[55,822,823],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,824,193],{"class":187},[55,826,827],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,828,193],{"class":187},[55,830,831],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,832,193],{"class":187},[14,834,835],{},"One important example is this:",[46,837,839],{"className":48,"code":838,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(bool(\"False\"))\n",[18,840,841],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,842,843,845,847,849,851,853,855,857],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,844,62],{"class":61},[55,846,66],{"class":65},[55,848,70],{"class":69},[55,850,66],{"class":65},[55,852,126],{"class":109},[55,854,28],{"class":129},[55,856,126],{"class":109},[55,858,79],{"class":65},[14,860,281],{},[46,862,863],{"className":48,"code":193,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,864,865],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,866,867],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,868,193],{"class":187},[14,870,871,872,875,876,29],{},"Even though the text says ",[18,873,874],{},"\"False\"",", it is still a non-empty string, so Python treats it as ",[18,877,24],{},[41,879,881],{"id":880},"using-bool-in-real-code","Using bool() in real code",[14,883,884,885,887],{},"You can use ",[18,886,20],{}," in simple programs to make your code easier to understand.",[889,890,892],"h3",{"id":891},"check-whether-a-list-has-items","Check whether a list has items",[46,894,896],{"className":48,"code":895,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(bool(items))\n",[18,897,898,925],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,899,900,904,907,910,912,914,917,919,922],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,901,903],{"class":902},"su5hD","items ",[55,905,906],{"class":703},"=",[55,908,909],{"class":65}," [",[55,911,376],{"class":75},[55,913,163],{"class":65},[55,915,916],{"class":75}," 20",[55,918,163],{"class":65},[55,920,921],{"class":75}," 30",[55,923,924],{"class":65},"]\n",[55,926,927,929,931,933,935,938],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,928,62],{"class":61},[55,930,66],{"class":65},[55,932,70],{"class":69},[55,934,66],{"class":65},[55,936,937],{"class":318},"items",[55,939,79],{"class":65},[14,941,281],{},[46,943,944],{"className":48,"code":193,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,945,946],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,947,948],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,949,193],{"class":187},[14,951,952],{},"With an empty list:",[46,954,956],{"className":48,"code":955,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = []\nprint(bool(items))\n",[18,957,958,967],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,959,960,962,964],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,961,903],{"class":902},[55,963,906],{"class":703},[55,965,966],{"class":65}," []\n",[55,968,969,971,973,975,977,979],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,970,62],{"class":61},[55,972,66],{"class":65},[55,974,70],{"class":69},[55,976,66],{"class":65},[55,978,937],{"class":318},[55,980,79],{"class":65},[14,982,281],{},[46,984,985],{"className":48,"code":188,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,986,987],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,988,989],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,990,188],{"class":187},[889,992,994],{"id":993},"check-whether-a-string-is-empty","Check whether a string is empty",[46,996,998],{"className":48,"code":997,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name = \"\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[18,999,1000,1010],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,1001,1002,1005,1007],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,1003,1004],{"class":902},"name ",[55,1006,906],{"class":703},[55,1008,1009],{"class":109}," \"\"\n",[55,1011,1012,1014,1016,1018,1020,1022],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,1013,62],{"class":61},[55,1015,66],{"class":65},[55,1017,70],{"class":69},[55,1019,66],{"class":65},[55,1021,785],{"class":318},[55,1023,79],{"class":65},[14,1025,281],{},[46,1027,1028],{"className":48,"code":188,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,1029,1030],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,1031,1032],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,1033,188],{"class":187},[46,1035,1037],{"className":48,"code":1036,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name = \"Mia\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[18,1038,1039,1053],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,1040,1041,1043,1045,1047,1050],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,1042,1004],{"class":902},[55,1044,906],{"class":703},[55,1046,793],{"class":109},[55,1048,1049],{"class":129},"Mia",[55,1051,1052],{"class":109},"\"\n",[55,1054,1055,1057,1059,1061,1063,1065],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,1056,62],{"class":61},[55,1058,66],{"class":65},[55,1060,70],{"class":69},[55,1062,66],{"class":65},[55,1064,785],{"class":318},[55,1066,79],{"class":65},[14,1068,281],{},[46,1070,1071],{"className":48,"code":193,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,1072,1073],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,1074,1075],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,1076,193],{"class":187},[889,1078,1080],{"id":1079},"convert-a-result-before-printing-or-storing-it","Convert a result before printing or storing it",[46,1082,1084],{"className":48,"code":1083,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"username = \"alex\"\nhas_name = bool(username)\n\nprint(has_name)\n",[18,1085,1086,1100,1117,1123],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,1087,1088,1091,1093,1095,1098],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,1089,1090],{"class":902},"username ",[55,1092,906],{"class":703},[55,1094,793],{"class":109},[55,1096,1097],{"class":129},"alex",[55,1099,1052],{"class":109},[55,1101,1102,1105,1107,1110,1112,1115],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,1103,1104],{"class":902},"has_name ",[55,1106,906],{"class":703},[55,1108,1109],{"class":69}," bool",[55,1111,66],{"class":65},[55,1113,1114],{"class":318},"username",[55,1116,322],{"class":65},[55,1118,1119],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,1120,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},true,"\n",[55,1124,1125,1127,1129,1132],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,1126,62],{"class":61},[55,1128,66],{"class":65},[55,1130,1131],{"class":318},"has_name",[55,1133,322],{"class":65},[14,1135,281],{},[46,1137,1138],{"className":48,"code":193,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,1139,1140],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,1141,1142],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,1143,193],{"class":187},[14,1145,1146,1147,25,1149,1151],{},"This can be useful when you want a clear ",[18,1148,24],{},[18,1150,28],{}," value instead of checking the original value later.",[889,1153,1155],{"id":1154},"help-understand-conditions","Help understand conditions",[14,1157,1158],{},"Python already checks truthy and falsy values in conditions.",[46,1160,1162],{"className":48,"code":1161,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif numbers:\n    print(\"The list is not empty\")\n",[18,1163,1164,1185,1189,1200],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,1165,1166,1169,1171,1173,1175,1177,1179,1181,1183],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,1167,1168],{"class":902},"numbers ",[55,1170,906],{"class":703},[55,1172,909],{"class":65},[55,1174,93],{"class":75},[55,1176,163],{"class":65},[55,1178,166],{"class":75},[55,1180,163],{"class":65},[55,1182,171],{"class":75},[55,1184,924],{"class":65},[55,1186,1187],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,1188,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,1190,1191,1194,1197],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,1192,38],{"class":1193},"sVHd0",[55,1195,1196],{"class":902}," numbers",[55,1198,1199],{"class":65},":\n",[55,1201,1202,1205,1207,1209,1212,1214],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,1203,1204],{"class":61},"    print",[55,1206,66],{"class":65},[55,1208,126],{"class":109},[55,1210,1211],{"class":129},"The list is not empty",[55,1213,126],{"class":109},[55,1215,322],{"class":65},[14,1217,281],{},[46,1219,1221],{"className":48,"code":1220,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"The list is not empty\n",[18,1222,1223],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,1224,1225,1227,1230,1233,1236],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,1226,16],{"class":902},[55,1228,1229],{"class":69},"list",[55,1231,1232],{"class":703}," is",[55,1234,1235],{"class":703}," not",[55,1237,1238],{"class":902}," empty\n",[14,1240,1241,1242,29],{},"To learn more about conditions, see ",[294,1243,1245],{"href":1244},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-if-statements-explained\u002F","Python if statements explained",[41,1247,1249],{"id":1248},"important-beginner-warning","Important beginner warning",[14,1251,1252,1253,1255],{},"A very common mistake is expecting ",[18,1254,20],{}," to understand the meaning of text.",[14,1257,1258],{},"It does not do that.",[889,1260,1262,1265,1266],{"id":1261},"boolfalse-returns-true",[18,1263,1264],{},"bool(\"False\")"," returns ",[18,1267,24],{},[46,1269,1270],{"className":48,"code":838,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,1271,1272],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,1273,1274,1276,1278,1280,1282,1284,1286,1288],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,1275,62],{"class":61},[55,1277,66],{"class":65},[55,1279,70],{"class":69},[55,1281,66],{"class":65},[55,1283,126],{"class":109},[55,1285,28],{"class":129},[55,1287,126],{"class":109},[55,1289,79],{"class":65},[14,1291,281],{},[46,1293,1294],{"className":48,"code":193,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,1295,1296],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,1297,1298],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,1299,193],{"class":187},[889,1301,1303,1265,1306],{"id":1302},"bool0-returns-true",[18,1304,1305],{},"bool(\"0\")",[18,1307,24],{},[46,1309,1311],{"className":48,"code":1310,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(bool(\"0\"))\n",[18,1312,1313],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,1314,1315,1317,1319,1321,1323,1325,1327,1329],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,1316,62],{"class":61},[55,1318,66],{"class":65},[55,1320,70],{"class":69},[55,1322,66],{"class":65},[55,1324,126],{"class":109},[55,1326,76],{"class":129},[55,1328,126],{"class":109},[55,1330,79],{"class":65},[14,1332,281],{},[46,1334,1335],{"className":48,"code":193,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,1336,1337],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,1338,1339],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,1340,193],{"class":187},[14,1342,1343,1344,29],{},"This happens because both values are ",[435,1345,656],{},[14,1347,1348,1350],{},[18,1349,20],{}," does not read the word and decide what it means. It only checks whether the value is empty or not.",[14,1352,1353,1354,1360,1361,1363],{},"This matters a lot when working with ",[294,1355,1357],{"href":1356},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained\u002F",[18,1358,1359],{},"input()",", because ",[18,1362,1359],{}," always returns a string.",[14,1365,358],{},[46,1367,1369],{"className":48,"code":1368,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"user_value = input(\"Enter True or False: \")\nprint(bool(user_value))\n",[18,1370,1371,1392],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,1372,1373,1376,1378,1381,1383,1385,1388,1390],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,1374,1375],{"class":902},"user_value ",[55,1377,906],{"class":703},[55,1379,1380],{"class":61}," input",[55,1382,66],{"class":65},[55,1384,126],{"class":109},[55,1386,1387],{"class":129},"Enter True or False: ",[55,1389,126],{"class":109},[55,1391,322],{"class":65},[55,1393,1394,1396,1398,1400,1402,1405],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,1395,62],{"class":61},[55,1397,66],{"class":65},[55,1399,70],{"class":69},[55,1401,66],{"class":65},[55,1403,1404],{"class":318},"user_value",[55,1406,79],{"class":65},[14,1408,1409,1410,1412,1413,1360,1415,1417],{},"If the user types ",[18,1411,28],{},", the result will still be ",[18,1414,24],{},[18,1416,874],{}," is not empty.",[41,1419,1421],{"id":1420},"when-you-may-not-need-bool","When you may not need bool()",[14,1423,1424,1425,1427,1428,1430],{},"In many ",[18,1426,38],{}," statements, you do not need to write ",[18,1429,20],{}," yourself.",[14,1432,1433],{},"Python already checks truthiness for you.",[14,1435,1436],{},"Instead of this:",[46,1438,1440],{"className":48,"code":1439,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif bool(my_list):\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[18,1441,1442,1463,1467,1481],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,1443,1444,1447,1449,1451,1453,1455,1457,1459,1461],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,1445,1446],{"class":902},"my_list ",[55,1448,906],{"class":703},[55,1450,909],{"class":65},[55,1452,93],{"class":75},[55,1454,163],{"class":65},[55,1456,166],{"class":75},[55,1458,163],{"class":65},[55,1460,171],{"class":75},[55,1462,924],{"class":65},[55,1464,1465],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,1466,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,1468,1469,1471,1473,1475,1478],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,1470,38],{"class":1193},[55,1472,1109],{"class":69},[55,1474,66],{"class":65},[55,1476,1477],{"class":318},"my_list",[55,1479,1480],{"class":65},"):\n",[55,1482,1483,1485,1487,1489,1492,1494],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,1484,1204],{"class":61},[55,1486,66],{"class":65},[55,1488,126],{"class":109},[55,1490,1491],{"class":129},"List has items",[55,1493,126],{"class":109},[55,1495,322],{"class":65},[14,1497,1498],{},"You can simply write:",[46,1500,1502],{"className":48,"code":1501,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif my_list:\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[18,1503,1504,1524,1528,1537],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,1505,1506,1508,1510,1512,1514,1516,1518,1520,1522],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,1507,1446],{"class":902},[55,1509,906],{"class":703},[55,1511,909],{"class":65},[55,1513,93],{"class":75},[55,1515,163],{"class":65},[55,1517,166],{"class":75},[55,1519,163],{"class":65},[55,1521,171],{"class":75},[55,1523,924],{"class":65},[55,1525,1526],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,1527,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,1529,1530,1532,1535],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,1531,38],{"class":1193},[55,1533,1534],{"class":902}," my_list",[55,1536,1199],{"class":65},[55,1538,1539,1541,1543,1545,1547,1549],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,1540,1204],{"class":61},[55,1542,66],{"class":65},[55,1544,126],{"class":109},[55,1546,1491],{"class":129},[55,1548,126],{"class":109},[55,1550,322],{"class":65},[14,1552,1553],{},"Both examples work.",[14,1555,1556,1557,1559],{},"Using ",[18,1558,20],{}," is still helpful when:",[240,1561,1562,1565,1573],{},[243,1563,1564],{},"you are learning how truthy and falsy values work",[243,1566,1567,1568,25,1570,1572],{},"you want to store a real ",[18,1569,24],{},[18,1571,28],{}," value",[243,1574,1575],{},"you want to print the result clearly while debugging",[14,1577,1578,1579,29],{},"If you want to inspect the type of a value, see ",[294,1580,1582],{"href":1581},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained\u002F","Python type() function explained",[41,1584,1586],{"id":1585},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[14,1588,1589,1590,29],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with ",[18,1591,20],{},[889,1593,1595,1596,1598,1599],{"id":1594},"expecting-boolfalse-to-return-false","Expecting ",[18,1597,1264],{}," to return ",[18,1600,28],{},[14,1602,1603],{},"This is one of the most common problems.",[46,1605,1606],{"className":48,"code":838,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,1607,1608],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,1609,1610,1612,1614,1616,1618,1620,1622,1624],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,1611,62],{"class":61},[55,1613,66],{"class":65},[55,1615,70],{"class":69},[55,1617,66],{"class":65},[55,1619,126],{"class":109},[55,1621,28],{"class":129},[55,1623,126],{"class":109},[55,1625,79],{"class":65},[14,1627,281],{},[46,1629,1630],{"className":48,"code":193,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,1631,1632],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,1633,1634],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,1635,193],{"class":187},[14,1637,1638,1639,1641],{},"Why? Because ",[18,1640,874],{}," is a non-empty string.",[14,1643,1644],{},"If you want to check the actual text, compare the string directly:",[46,1646,1648],{"className":48,"code":1647,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = \"False\"\nprint(value == \"True\")\n",[18,1649,1650,1663],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,1651,1652,1655,1657,1659,1661],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,1653,1654],{"class":902},"value ",[55,1656,906],{"class":703},[55,1658,793],{"class":109},[55,1660,28],{"class":129},[55,1662,1052],{"class":109},[55,1664,1665,1667,1669,1671,1674,1676,1678,1680],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,1666,62],{"class":61},[55,1668,66],{"class":65},[55,1670,1654],{"class":318},[55,1672,1673],{"class":703},"==",[55,1675,793],{"class":109},[55,1677,24],{"class":129},[55,1679,126],{"class":109},[55,1681,322],{"class":65},[14,1683,281],{},[46,1685,1686],{"className":48,"code":188,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,1687,1688],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,1689,1690],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,1691,188],{"class":187},[889,1693,1695],{"id":1694},"using-strings-from-input-and-expecting-automatic-yesno-conversion","Using strings from input() and expecting automatic yes\u002Fno conversion",[14,1697,1698,1700],{},[18,1699,1359],{}," returns text, not real Boolean values.",[46,1702,1704],{"className":48,"code":1703,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \")\nprint(bool(value))\n",[18,1705,1706,1725],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,1707,1708,1710,1712,1714,1716,1718,1721,1723],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,1709,1654],{"class":902},[55,1711,906],{"class":703},[55,1713,1380],{"class":61},[55,1715,66],{"class":65},[55,1717,126],{"class":109},[55,1719,1720],{"class":129},"Enter yes or no: ",[55,1722,126],{"class":109},[55,1724,322],{"class":65},[55,1726,1727,1729,1731,1733,1735,1737],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,1728,62],{"class":61},[55,1730,66],{"class":65},[55,1732,70],{"class":69},[55,1734,66],{"class":65},[55,1736,319],{"class":318},[55,1738,79],{"class":65},[14,1740,1409,1741,1744,1745,1747,1748,1417],{},[18,1742,1743],{},"no",", the result is still ",[18,1746,24],{}," because ",[18,1749,1750],{},"\"no\"",[14,1752,1753],{},"A safer approach is to clean the text and compare it:",[46,1755,1757],{"className":48,"code":1756,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \").strip().lower()\nprint(value == \"yes\")\n",[18,1758,1759,1790],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,1760,1761,1763,1765,1767,1769,1771,1773,1775,1778,1781,1784,1787],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,1762,1654],{"class":902},[55,1764,906],{"class":703},[55,1766,1380],{"class":61},[55,1768,66],{"class":65},[55,1770,126],{"class":109},[55,1772,1720],{"class":129},[55,1774,126],{"class":109},[55,1776,1777],{"class":65},").",[55,1779,1780],{"class":318},"strip",[55,1782,1783],{"class":65},"().",[55,1785,1786],{"class":318},"lower",[55,1788,1789],{"class":65},"()\n",[55,1791,1792,1794,1796,1798,1800,1802,1805,1807],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,1793,62],{"class":61},[55,1795,66],{"class":65},[55,1797,1654],{"class":318},[55,1799,1673],{"class":703},[55,1801,793],{"class":109},[55,1803,1804],{"class":129},"yes",[55,1806,126],{"class":109},[55,1808,322],{"class":65},[14,1810,1811,1812,1814,1815,29],{},"This gives ",[18,1813,24],{}," only when the user enters ",[18,1816,1804],{},[889,1818,1820],{"id":1819},"confusing-empty-values-with-the-actual-value-false","Confusing empty values with the actual value False",[14,1822,1823],{},"These are different:",[240,1825,1826,1830,1834,1838,1842],{},[243,1827,1828],{},[18,1829,28],{},[243,1831,1832],{},[18,1833,76],{},[243,1835,1836],{},[18,1837,110],{},[243,1839,1840],{},[18,1841,461],{},[243,1843,1844],{},[18,1845,481],{},[14,1847,1848,1849,1851,1852,1854],{},"They all become ",[18,1850,28],{}," with ",[18,1853,20],{},", but they are not the same value.",[14,1856,1857],{},"You can check the type if needed:",[46,1859,1861],{"className":48,"code":1860,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = []\nprint(type(value))\nprint(bool(value))\n",[18,1862,1863,1871,1886],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,1864,1865,1867,1869],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,1866,1654],{"class":902},[55,1868,906],{"class":703},[55,1870,966],{"class":65},[55,1872,1873,1875,1877,1880,1882,1884],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,1874,62],{"class":61},[55,1876,66],{"class":65},[55,1878,1879],{"class":69},"type",[55,1881,66],{"class":65},[55,1883,319],{"class":318},[55,1885,79],{"class":65},[55,1887,1888,1890,1892,1894,1896,1898],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,1889,62],{"class":61},[55,1891,66],{"class":65},[55,1893,70],{"class":69},[55,1895,66],{"class":65},[55,1897,319],{"class":318},[55,1899,79],{"class":65},[14,1901,281],{},[46,1903,1905],{"className":48,"code":1904,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"\u003Cclass 'list'>\nFalse\n",[18,1906,1907,1927],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,1908,1909,1912,1916,1919,1921,1924],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,1910,1911],{"class":703},"\u003C",[55,1913,1915],{"class":1914},"sbsja","class",[55,1917,1918],{"class":109}," '",[55,1920,1229],{"class":129},[55,1922,1923],{"class":109},"'",[55,1925,1926],{"class":703},">\n",[55,1928,1929],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,1930,188],{"class":187},[889,1932,1556,1934,1936],{"id":1933},"using-expecting-an-empty-set",[18,1935,471],{}," expecting an empty set",[14,1938,1939,1940,1942],{},"In Python, ",[18,1941,471],{}," creates an empty dictionary, not an empty set.",[46,1944,1946],{"className":48,"code":1945,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(type({}))\n",[18,1947,1948],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,1949,1950,1952,1954,1956],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,1951,62],{"class":61},[55,1953,66],{"class":65},[55,1955,1879],{"class":69},[55,1957,562],{"class":65},[14,1959,281],{},[46,1961,1963],{"className":48,"code":1962,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[18,1964,1965],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,1966,1967,1969,1971,1973,1976,1978],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,1968,1911],{"class":703},[55,1970,1915],{"class":1914},[55,1972,1918],{"class":109},[55,1974,1975],{"class":129},"dict",[55,1977,1923],{"class":109},[55,1979,1926],{"class":703},[14,1981,1982],{},"To make an empty set, use:",[46,1984,1986],{"className":48,"code":1985,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(type(set()))\n",[18,1987,1988],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,1989,1990,1992,1994,1996,1998,2000],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,1991,62],{"class":61},[55,1993,66],{"class":65},[55,1995,1879],{"class":69},[55,1997,66],{"class":65},[55,1999,576],{"class":69},[55,2001,579],{"class":65},[14,2003,281],{},[46,2005,2007],{"className":48,"code":2006,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[18,2008,2009],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,2010,2011,2013,2015,2017,2019,2021],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,2012,1911],{"class":703},[55,2014,1915],{"class":1914},[55,2016,1918],{"class":109},[55,2018,576],{"class":129},[55,2020,1923],{"class":109},[55,2022,1926],{"class":703},[41,2024,2026],{"id":2025},"helpful-debugging-checks","Helpful debugging checks",[14,2028,2029,2030,2032],{},"If ",[18,2031,20],{}," gives a result you did not expect, these checks can help:",[46,2034,2036],{"className":48,"code":2035,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(bool(value))\nprint(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(value == \"True\")\nprint(value.strip().lower())\n",[18,2037,2038,2052,2066,2076,2094],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,2039,2040,2042,2044,2046,2048,2050],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,2041,62],{"class":61},[55,2043,66],{"class":65},[55,2045,70],{"class":69},[55,2047,66],{"class":65},[55,2049,319],{"class":318},[55,2051,79],{"class":65},[55,2053,2054,2056,2058,2060,2062,2064],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,2055,62],{"class":61},[55,2057,66],{"class":65},[55,2059,1879],{"class":69},[55,2061,66],{"class":65},[55,2063,319],{"class":318},[55,2065,79],{"class":65},[55,2067,2068,2070,2072,2074],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,2069,62],{"class":61},[55,2071,66],{"class":65},[55,2073,319],{"class":318},[55,2075,322],{"class":65},[55,2077,2078,2080,2082,2084,2086,2088,2090,2092],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,2079,62],{"class":61},[55,2081,66],{"class":65},[55,2083,1654],{"class":318},[55,2085,1673],{"class":703},[55,2087,793],{"class":109},[55,2089,24],{"class":129},[55,2091,126],{"class":109},[55,2093,322],{"class":65},[55,2095,2096,2098,2100,2102,2104,2106,2108,2110],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,2097,62],{"class":61},[55,2099,66],{"class":65},[55,2101,319],{"class":318},[55,2103,29],{"class":65},[55,2105,1780],{"class":318},[55,2107,1783],{"class":65},[55,2109,1786],{"class":318},[55,2111,278],{"class":65},[14,2113,2114],{},"These are useful for finding out:",[240,2116,2117,2120,2123,2126],{},[243,2118,2119],{},"what the value really is",[243,2121,2122],{},"whether it is a string",[243,2124,2125],{},"whether it contains spaces",[243,2127,2128],{},"whether it matches the text you expected",[14,2130,2131,2132,29],{},"This is especially helpful when handling user input. You may also want to read ",[294,2133,2135],{"href":2134},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-user-input-to-numbers-in-python\u002F","how to convert user input to numbers in Python",[41,2137,2139],{"id":2138},"faq","FAQ",[889,2141,2143],{"id":2142},"what-does-bool-return-in-python","What does bool() return in Python?",[14,2145,2146,2147,25,2149,29],{},"It returns either ",[18,2148,24],{},[18,2150,28],{},[889,2152,2154],{"id":2153},"what-happens-if-i-call-bool-with-no-argument","What happens if I call bool() with no argument?",[14,2156,2157,2158,29],{},"It returns ",[18,2159,28],{},[889,2161,2163],{"id":2162},"why-does-boolfalse-return-true","Why does bool(\"False\") return True?",[14,2165,2166,2167,29],{},"Because the string is not empty. Non-empty strings are ",[18,2168,24],{},[889,2170,2172],{"id":2171},"does-bool0-return-false","Does bool(0) return False?",[14,2174,2175,2176,29],{},"Yes. Zero values are ",[18,2177,28],{},[889,2179,2181],{"id":2180},"should-i-use-bool-inside-every-if-statement","Should I use bool() inside every if statement?",[14,2183,2184,2185,25,2187,2189],{},"No. Python already treats many values as ",[18,2186,24],{},[18,2188,28],{}," in conditions.",[41,2191,2193],{"id":2192},"see-also","See also",[240,2195,2196,2202,2206,2211,2215,2220],{},[243,2197,2198],{},[294,2199,2201],{"href":2200},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false\u002F","Python booleans explained: True and False",[243,2203,2204],{},[294,2205,1245],{"href":1244},[243,2207,2208],{},[294,2209,2210],{"href":1356},"Python input() function explained",[243,2212,2213],{},[294,2214,1582],{"href":1581},[243,2216,2217],{},[294,2218,2219],{"href":2134},"How to convert user input to numbers in Python",[243,2221,2222],{},[294,2223,2224],{"href":296},"What is a Boolean in Python?",[2226,2227,2228],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":2230},[2231,2232,2233,2234,2235,2236,2242,2248,2249,2257,2258,2265],{"id":43,"depth":82,"text":44},{"id":229,"depth":82,"text":230},{"id":300,"depth":82,"text":301},{"id":429,"depth":82,"text":430},{"id":636,"depth":82,"text":637},{"id":880,"depth":82,"text":881,"children":2237},[2238,2239,2240,2241],{"id":891,"depth":98,"text":892},{"id":993,"depth":98,"text":994},{"id":1079,"depth":98,"text":1080},{"id":1154,"depth":98,"text":1155},{"id":1248,"depth":82,"text":1249,"children":2243},[2244,2246],{"id":1261,"depth":98,"text":2245},"bool(\"False\") returns True",{"id":1302,"depth":98,"text":2247},"bool(\"0\") returns True",{"id":1420,"depth":82,"text":1421},{"id":1585,"depth":82,"text":1586,"children":2250},[2251,2253,2254,2255],{"id":1594,"depth":98,"text":2252},"Expecting bool(\"False\") to return False",{"id":1694,"depth":98,"text":1695},{"id":1819,"depth":98,"text":1820},{"id":1933,"depth":98,"text":2256},"Using {} expecting an empty set",{"id":2025,"depth":82,"text":2026},{"id":2138,"depth":82,"text":2139,"children":2259},[2260,2261,2262,2263,2264],{"id":2142,"depth":98,"text":2143},{"id":2153,"depth":98,"text":2154},{"id":2162,"depth":98,"text":2163},{"id":2171,"depth":98,"text":2172},{"id":2180,"depth":98,"text":2181},{"id":2192,"depth":82,"text":2193},"Master python bool function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.","md",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained",{"title":5,"description":2266},"reference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained","pI2oMfdg_YnAHiyOUFPGbqEmJXu7efHhSyUkPc3C068",[2274,3863,5564,7246,9146,11351,12872,15050,17257,19717,21556,24122,26221,28503,30451,32362,34359,35799,37628,40153,42315,43544,44915,46563,48884,50728,52710,54404,55657,57351,59102,61074,62824,64924,66284,68235,69798,71789,73584,75484,77926,80004,82644,84673,86636,88824,90828,93141,94823,96268,97462,98640,100480,102920,104624,106639,108163,109408,110571,111953,114024,115921,117695,119561,121680,123420,124882,126476,128399,130076,132011,133500,136284,137861,139420,141448,143400,144863,146052,147938,149349,151045,152599,154021,155424,157322,159716,161547],{"id":2275,"title":2276,"body":2277,"description":3857,"extension":2267,"meta":3858,"navigation":1121,"path":3859,"seo":3860,"stem":3861,"__hash__":3862},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained.md","Python abs() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":2278,"toc":3829},[2279,2282,2288,2291,2302,2305,2309,2372,2374,2394,2399,2403,2408,2411,2426,2429,2454,2457,2461,2464,2480,2483,2510,2512,2572,2574,2589,2599,2609,2613,2616,2669,2671,2691,2694,2717,2724,2728,2733,2739,2741,2777,2779,2788,2795,2813,2816,2828,2832,2837,2841,2844,2865,2867,2925,2927,2935,2938,2942,2974,2976,2984,2987,2991,2996,3044,3046,3054,3058,3118,3120,3128,3131,3133,3137,3140,3163,3172,3187,3237,3239,3254,3264,3268,3271,3298,3305,3309,3314,3355,3357,3368,3371,3414,3416,3424,3428,3433,3455,3457,3466,3475,3479,3484,3506,3508,3578,3580,3627,3630,3633,3636,3715,3717,3748,3750,3754,3757,3761,3764,3768,3771,3775,3787,3791,3794,3796,3826],[10,2280,2276],{"id":2281},"python-abs-function-explained",[14,2283,16,2284,2287],{},[18,2285,2286],{},"abs()"," function returns the absolute value of a number.",[14,2289,2290],{},"Beginners usually use it when they want:",[240,2292,2293,2296,2299],{},[243,2294,2295],{},"a number without its negative sign",[243,2297,2298],{},"the distance between two numbers",[243,2300,2301],{},"the size of a value without caring whether it is positive or negative",[14,2303,2304],{},"It works with common Python number types such as integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[41,2306,2308],{"id":2307},"quick-example","Quick example",[46,2310,2312],{"className":48,"code":2311,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(abs(-7))\nprint(abs(3.5))\nprint(abs(-2+3j))\n",[18,2313,2314,2332,2347],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,2315,2316,2318,2320,2323,2325,2327,2330],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,2317,62],{"class":61},[55,2319,66],{"class":65},[55,2321,2322],{"class":61},"abs",[55,2324,66],{"class":65},[55,2326,704],{"class":703},[55,2328,2329],{"class":75},"7",[55,2331,79],{"class":65},[55,2333,2334,2336,2338,2340,2342,2345],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,2335,62],{"class":61},[55,2337,66],{"class":65},[55,2339,2322],{"class":61},[55,2341,66],{"class":65},[55,2343,2344],{"class":75},"3.5",[55,2346,79],{"class":65},[55,2348,2349,2351,2353,2355,2357,2359,2361,2364,2367,2370],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,2350,62],{"class":61},[55,2352,66],{"class":65},[55,2354,2322],{"class":61},[55,2356,66],{"class":65},[55,2358,704],{"class":703},[55,2360,707],{"class":75},[55,2362,2363],{"class":703},"+",[55,2365,2366],{"class":75},"3",[55,2368,2369],{"class":1914},"j",[55,2371,79],{"class":65},[14,2373,281],{},[46,2375,2377],{"className":48,"code":2376,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"7\n3.5\n3.605551275463989\n",[18,2378,2379,2384,2389],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,2380,2381],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,2382,2383],{"class":75},"7\n",[55,2385,2386],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,2387,2388],{"class":75},"3.5\n",[55,2390,2391],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,2392,2393],{"class":75},"3.605551275463989\n",[14,2395,212,2396,2398],{},[18,2397,2286],{}," to get the absolute value of a number. For complex numbers, it returns the magnitude.",[41,2400,2402],{"id":2401},"what-abs-does","What abs() does",[14,2404,2405,2407],{},[18,2406,2286],{}," returns the absolute value of a number.",[14,2409,2410],{},"That means:",[240,2412,2413,2416,2419],{},[243,2414,2415],{},"negative integers and floats become positive",[243,2417,2418],{},"positive numbers stay the same",[243,2420,2421,2423,2424],{},[18,2422,76],{}," stays ",[18,2425,76],{},[14,2427,2428],{},"Examples:",[240,2430,2431,2439,2447],{},[243,2432,2433,2436,2437],{},[18,2434,2435],{},"abs(-5)"," gives ",[18,2438,688],{},[243,2440,2441,2436,2444],{},[18,2442,2443],{},"abs(9)",[18,2445,2446],{},"9",[243,2448,2449,2436,2452],{},[18,2450,2451],{},"abs(0)",[18,2453,76],{},[14,2455,2456],{},"This is useful when you care about how large a number is, but not whether it is positive or negative.",[41,2458,2460],{"id":2459},"basic-syntax","Basic syntax",[14,2462,2463],{},"The syntax is:",[46,2465,2467],{"className":48,"code":2466,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"abs(x)\n",[18,2468,2469],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,2470,2471,2473,2475,2478],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,2472,2322],{"class":61},[55,2474,66],{"class":65},[55,2476,2477],{"class":318},"x",[55,2479,322],{"class":65},[14,2481,2482],{},"Here:",[240,2484,2485,2502,2507],{},[243,2486,2487,2489,2490,2493,2494,2497,2498,2501],{},[18,2488,2477],{}," is usually an ",[18,2491,2492],{},"int",", ",[18,2495,2496],{},"float",", or ",[18,2499,2500],{},"complex"," number",[243,2503,2504,2506],{},[18,2505,2286],{}," returns a new value",[243,2508,2509],{},"it does not change the original variable",[14,2511,358],{},[46,2513,2515],{"className":48,"code":2514,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"number = -12\nresult = abs(number)\n\nprint(number)\nprint(result)\n",[18,2516,2517,2530,2547,2551,2561],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,2518,2519,2522,2524,2527],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,2520,2521],{"class":902},"number ",[55,2523,906],{"class":703},[55,2525,2526],{"class":703}," -",[55,2528,2529],{"class":75},"12\n",[55,2531,2532,2535,2537,2540,2542,2545],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,2533,2534],{"class":902},"result ",[55,2536,906],{"class":703},[55,2538,2539],{"class":61}," abs",[55,2541,66],{"class":65},[55,2543,2544],{"class":318},"number",[55,2546,322],{"class":65},[55,2548,2549],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,2550,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,2552,2553,2555,2557,2559],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,2554,62],{"class":61},[55,2556,66],{"class":65},[55,2558,2544],{"class":318},[55,2560,322],{"class":65},[55,2562,2563,2565,2567,2570],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,2564,62],{"class":61},[55,2566,66],{"class":65},[55,2568,2569],{"class":318},"result",[55,2571,322],{"class":65},[14,2573,281],{},[46,2575,2577],{"className":48,"code":2576,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"-12\n12\n",[18,2578,2579,2585],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,2580,2581,2583],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,2582,704],{"class":703},[55,2584,2529],{"class":75},[55,2586,2587],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,2588,2529],{"class":75},[14,2590,2591,2592,2594,2595,2598],{},"Notice that ",[18,2593,2544],{}," is still ",[18,2596,2597],{},"-12",". If you want to keep the absolute value, you must store it in a variable.",[14,2600,2601,2602,2608],{},"If you are not sure what type a value has, the ",[294,2603,2604,2607],{"href":1581},[18,2605,2606],{},"type()"," function"," can help.",[41,2610,2612],{"id":2611},"examples-with-integers-and-floats","Examples with integers and floats",[14,2614,2615],{},"Here are some basic examples:",[46,2617,2619],{"className":48,"code":2618,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(abs(-10))\nprint(abs(8))\nprint(abs(-4.2))\n",[18,2620,2621,2637,2652],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,2622,2623,2625,2627,2629,2631,2633,2635],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,2624,62],{"class":61},[55,2626,66],{"class":65},[55,2628,2322],{"class":61},[55,2630,66],{"class":65},[55,2632,704],{"class":703},[55,2634,376],{"class":75},[55,2636,79],{"class":65},[55,2638,2639,2641,2643,2645,2647,2650],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,2640,62],{"class":61},[55,2642,66],{"class":65},[55,2644,2322],{"class":61},[55,2646,66],{"class":65},[55,2648,2649],{"class":75},"8",[55,2651,79],{"class":65},[55,2653,2654,2656,2658,2660,2662,2664,2667],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,2655,62],{"class":61},[55,2657,66],{"class":65},[55,2659,2322],{"class":61},[55,2661,66],{"class":65},[55,2663,704],{"class":703},[55,2665,2666],{"class":75},"4.2",[55,2668,79],{"class":65},[14,2670,281],{},[46,2672,2674],{"className":48,"code":2673,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"10\n8\n4.2\n",[18,2675,2676,2681,2686],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,2677,2678],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,2679,2680],{"class":75},"10\n",[55,2682,2683],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,2684,2685],{"class":75},"8\n",[55,2687,2688],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,2689,2690],{"class":75},"4.2\n",[14,2692,2693],{},"What each line does:",[240,2695,2696,2703,2710],{},[243,2697,2698,1265,2701],{},[18,2699,2700],{},"abs(-10)",[18,2702,376],{},[243,2704,2705,1265,2708],{},[18,2706,2707],{},"abs(8)",[18,2709,2649],{},[243,2711,2712,1265,2715],{},[18,2713,2714],{},"abs(-4.2)",[18,2716,2666],{},[14,2718,2719,2720,29],{},"This works because integers and floats are standard numeric types in Python. If you want a refresher, see ",[294,2721,2723],{"href":2722},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-numbers-explained-int-float-complex\u002F","Python numbers explained: int, float, complex",[41,2725,2727],{"id":2726},"example-with-complex-numbers","Example with complex numbers",[14,2729,2730,2732],{},[18,2731,2286],{}," also works with complex numbers.",[14,2734,2735,2736,2738],{},"For a complex number, it returns the distance from ",[18,2737,76],{}," in the complex plane. You do not need advanced math to use this. In practice, it gives the size, or magnitude, of the complex number.",[14,2740,358],{},[46,2742,2744],{"className":48,"code":2743,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = 3 + 4j\nprint(abs(value))\n",[18,2745,2746,2763],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,2747,2748,2750,2752,2754,2757,2760],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,2749,1654],{"class":902},[55,2751,906],{"class":703},[55,2753,171],{"class":75},[55,2755,2756],{"class":703}," +",[55,2758,2759],{"class":75}," 4",[55,2761,2762],{"class":1914},"j\n",[55,2764,2765,2767,2769,2771,2773,2775],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,2766,62],{"class":61},[55,2768,66],{"class":65},[55,2770,2322],{"class":61},[55,2772,66],{"class":65},[55,2774,319],{"class":318},[55,2776,79],{"class":65},[14,2778,281],{},[46,2780,2782],{"className":48,"code":2781,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"5.0\n",[18,2783,2784],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,2785,2786],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,2787,2781],{"class":75},[14,2789,2790,2791,2794],{},"Why ",[18,2792,2793],{},"5.0","?",[240,2796,2797,2802,2808],{},[243,2798,2799,2800],{},"the real part is ",[18,2801,2366],{},[243,2803,2804,2805],{},"the imaginary part is ",[18,2806,2807],{},"4",[243,2809,2810,2811],{},"the magnitude is ",[18,2812,2793],{},[14,2814,2815],{},"For beginners, the main thing to remember is simple:",[240,2817,2818,2825],{},[243,2819,2820,2822,2823],{},[18,2821,2286],{}," on a complex number returns a ",[18,2824,2496],{},[243,2826,2827],{},"it gives the number's magnitude, not a complex number back",[41,2829,2831],{"id":2830},"common-beginner-uses","Common beginner uses",[14,2833,2834,2835,29],{},"Here are some common ways beginners use ",[18,2836,2286],{},[889,2838,2840],{"id":2839},"finding-the-distance-between-two-numbers","Finding the distance between two numbers",[14,2842,2843],{},"A very common pattern is:",[46,2845,2847],{"className":48,"code":2846,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"abs(a - b)\n",[18,2848,2849],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,2850,2851,2853,2855,2858,2860,2863],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,2852,2322],{"class":61},[55,2854,66],{"class":65},[55,2856,2857],{"class":318},"a ",[55,2859,704],{"class":703},[55,2861,2862],{"class":318}," b",[55,2864,322],{"class":65},[14,2866,358],{},[46,2868,2870],{"className":48,"code":2869,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = 3\nb = 10\n\ndistance = abs(a - b)\nprint(distance)\n",[18,2871,2872,2881,2891,2895,2914],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,2873,2874,2876,2878],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,2875,2857],{"class":902},[55,2877,906],{"class":703},[55,2879,2880],{"class":75}," 3\n",[55,2882,2883,2886,2888],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,2884,2885],{"class":902},"b ",[55,2887,906],{"class":703},[55,2889,2890],{"class":75}," 10\n",[55,2892,2893],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,2894,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,2896,2897,2900,2902,2904,2906,2908,2910,2912],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,2898,2899],{"class":902},"distance ",[55,2901,906],{"class":703},[55,2903,2539],{"class":61},[55,2905,66],{"class":65},[55,2907,2857],{"class":318},[55,2909,704],{"class":703},[55,2911,2862],{"class":318},[55,2913,322],{"class":65},[55,2915,2916,2918,2920,2923],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,2917,62],{"class":61},[55,2919,66],{"class":65},[55,2921,2922],{"class":318},"distance",[55,2924,322],{"class":65},[14,2926,281],{},[46,2928,2929],{"className":48,"code":2383,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,2930,2931],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,2932,2933],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,2934,2383],{"class":75},[14,2936,2937],{},"This tells you how far apart two numbers are.",[889,2939,2941],{"id":2940},"comparing-how-far-a-value-is-from-zero","Comparing how far a value is from zero",[46,2943,2945],{"className":48,"code":2944,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"temperature_change = -6\nprint(abs(temperature_change))\n",[18,2946,2947,2959],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,2948,2949,2952,2954,2956],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,2950,2951],{"class":902},"temperature_change ",[55,2953,906],{"class":703},[55,2955,2526],{"class":703},[55,2957,2958],{"class":75},"6\n",[55,2960,2961,2963,2965,2967,2969,2972],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,2962,62],{"class":61},[55,2964,66],{"class":65},[55,2966,2322],{"class":61},[55,2968,66],{"class":65},[55,2970,2971],{"class":318},"temperature_change",[55,2973,79],{"class":65},[14,2975,281],{},[46,2977,2978],{"className":48,"code":2958,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,2979,2980],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,2981,2982],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,2983,2958],{"class":75},[14,2985,2986],{},"This is useful when the size of the change matters more than the direction.",[889,2988,2990],{"id":2989},"working-with-negative-input-values-safely","Working with negative input values safely",[14,2992,2993,2994,2608],{},"If a user enters a negative number but your program needs a positive value, ",[18,2995,2286],{},[46,2997,2999],{"className":48,"code":2998,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"balance_change = -25\nsafe_value = abs(balance_change)\n\nprint(safe_value)\n",[18,3000,3001,3013,3029,3033],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,3002,3003,3006,3008,3010],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,3004,3005],{"class":902},"balance_change ",[55,3007,906],{"class":703},[55,3009,2526],{"class":703},[55,3011,3012],{"class":75},"25\n",[55,3014,3015,3018,3020,3022,3024,3027],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,3016,3017],{"class":902},"safe_value ",[55,3019,906],{"class":703},[55,3021,2539],{"class":61},[55,3023,66],{"class":65},[55,3025,3026],{"class":318},"balance_change",[55,3028,322],{"class":65},[55,3030,3031],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,3032,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,3034,3035,3037,3039,3042],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,3036,62],{"class":61},[55,3038,66],{"class":65},[55,3040,3041],{"class":318},"safe_value",[55,3043,322],{"class":65},[14,3045,281],{},[46,3047,3048],{"className":48,"code":3012,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,3049,3050],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,3051,3052],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,3053,3012],{"class":75},[889,3055,3057],{"id":3056},"checking-the-absolute-difference-in-simple-programs","Checking the absolute difference in simple programs",[46,3059,3061],{"className":48,"code":3060,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"guess = 42\ntarget = 50\n\ndifference = abs(guess - target)\nprint(difference)\n",[18,3062,3063,3073,3083,3087,3107],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,3064,3065,3068,3070],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,3066,3067],{"class":902},"guess ",[55,3069,906],{"class":703},[55,3071,3072],{"class":75}," 42\n",[55,3074,3075,3078,3080],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,3076,3077],{"class":902},"target ",[55,3079,906],{"class":703},[55,3081,3082],{"class":75}," 50\n",[55,3084,3085],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,3086,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,3088,3089,3092,3094,3096,3098,3100,3102,3105],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,3090,3091],{"class":902},"difference ",[55,3093,906],{"class":703},[55,3095,2539],{"class":61},[55,3097,66],{"class":65},[55,3099,3067],{"class":318},[55,3101,704],{"class":703},[55,3103,3104],{"class":318}," target",[55,3106,322],{"class":65},[55,3108,3109,3111,3113,3116],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,3110,62],{"class":61},[55,3112,66],{"class":65},[55,3114,3115],{"class":318},"difference",[55,3117,322],{"class":65},[14,3119,281],{},[46,3121,3122],{"className":48,"code":2685,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,3123,3124],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,3125,3126],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,3127,2685],{"class":75},[14,3129,3130],{},"This is useful in guessing games, scoring programs, and simple comparisons.",[41,3132,1586],{"id":1585},[889,3134,3136],{"id":3135},"passing-a-string-to-abs","Passing a string to abs()",[14,3138,3139],{},"This causes an error:",[46,3141,3143],{"className":48,"code":3142,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(abs(\"5\"))\n",[18,3144,3145],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,3146,3147,3149,3151,3153,3155,3157,3159,3161],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,3148,62],{"class":61},[55,3150,66],{"class":65},[55,3152,2322],{"class":61},[55,3154,66],{"class":65},[55,3156,126],{"class":109},[55,3158,688],{"class":129},[55,3160,126],{"class":109},[55,3162,79],{"class":65},[14,3164,3165,3168,3169,3171],{},[18,3166,3167],{},"\"5\""," is a string, not a number. ",[18,3170,2286],{}," needs a numeric value.",[14,3173,3174,3175,25,3181,790],{},"Fix it by converting the string first with ",[294,3176,3178],{"href":3177},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained\u002F",[18,3179,3180],{},"int()",[294,3182,3184],{"href":3183},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained\u002F",[18,3185,3186],{},"float()",[46,3188,3190],{"className":48,"code":3189,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(abs(int(\"5\")))\nprint(abs(float(\"-3.2\")))\n",[18,3191,3192,3214],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,3193,3194,3196,3198,3200,3202,3204,3206,3208,3210,3212],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,3195,62],{"class":61},[55,3197,66],{"class":65},[55,3199,2322],{"class":61},[55,3201,66],{"class":65},[55,3203,2492],{"class":69},[55,3205,66],{"class":65},[55,3207,126],{"class":109},[55,3209,688],{"class":129},[55,3211,126],{"class":109},[55,3213,769],{"class":65},[55,3215,3216,3218,3220,3222,3224,3226,3228,3230,3233,3235],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,3217,62],{"class":61},[55,3219,66],{"class":65},[55,3221,2322],{"class":61},[55,3223,66],{"class":65},[55,3225,2496],{"class":69},[55,3227,66],{"class":65},[55,3229,126],{"class":109},[55,3231,3232],{"class":129},"-3.2",[55,3234,126],{"class":109},[55,3236,769],{"class":65},[14,3238,281],{},[46,3240,3242],{"className":48,"code":3241,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"5\n3.2\n",[18,3243,3244,3249],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,3245,3246],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,3247,3248],{"class":75},"5\n",[55,3250,3251],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,3252,3253],{"class":75},"3.2\n",[14,3255,3256,3257,3259,3260,29],{},"If you are working with keyboard input, this mistake often happens because ",[18,3258,1359],{}," always returns a string. See ",[294,3261,3263],{"href":3262},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-int-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to an int in Python",[889,3265,3267],{"id":3266},"passing-a-list-or-dictionary","Passing a list or dictionary",[14,3269,3270],{},"Unsupported types also cause an error:",[46,3272,3274],{"className":48,"code":3273,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(abs([1, 2, 3]))\n",[18,3275,3276],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,3277,3278,3280,3282,3284,3286,3288,3290,3292,3294,3296],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,3279,62],{"class":61},[55,3281,66],{"class":65},[55,3283,2322],{"class":61},[55,3285,158],{"class":65},[55,3287,93],{"class":75},[55,3289,163],{"class":65},[55,3291,166],{"class":75},[55,3293,163],{"class":65},[55,3295,171],{"class":75},[55,3297,174],{"class":65},[14,3299,3300,3301,3304],{},"This raises a ",[18,3302,3303],{},"TypeError"," because lists do not have an absolute value.",[889,3306,3308],{"id":3307},"assuming-abs-changes-the-original-variable","Assuming abs() changes the original variable",[14,3310,3311,3313],{},[18,3312,2286],{}," does not update the variable by itself.",[46,3315,3317],{"className":48,"code":3316,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"x = -9\nabs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[18,3318,3319,3331,3341,3345],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,3320,3321,3324,3326,3328],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,3322,3323],{"class":902},"x ",[55,3325,906],{"class":703},[55,3327,2526],{"class":703},[55,3329,3330],{"class":75},"9\n",[55,3332,3333,3335,3337,3339],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,3334,2322],{"class":61},[55,3336,66],{"class":65},[55,3338,2477],{"class":318},[55,3340,322],{"class":65},[55,3342,3343],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,3344,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,3346,3347,3349,3351,3353],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,3348,62],{"class":61},[55,3350,66],{"class":65},[55,3352,2477],{"class":318},[55,3354,322],{"class":65},[14,3356,281],{},[46,3358,3360],{"className":48,"code":3359,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"-9\n",[18,3361,3362],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,3363,3364,3366],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,3365,704],{"class":703},[55,3367,3330],{"class":75},[14,3369,3370],{},"If you want to store the result:",[46,3372,3374],{"className":48,"code":3373,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"x = -9\nx = abs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[18,3375,3376,3386,3400,3404],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,3377,3378,3380,3382,3384],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,3379,3323],{"class":902},[55,3381,906],{"class":703},[55,3383,2526],{"class":703},[55,3385,3330],{"class":75},[55,3387,3388,3390,3392,3394,3396,3398],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,3389,3323],{"class":902},[55,3391,906],{"class":703},[55,3393,2539],{"class":61},[55,3395,66],{"class":65},[55,3397,2477],{"class":318},[55,3399,322],{"class":65},[55,3401,3402],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,3403,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,3405,3406,3408,3410,3412],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,3407,62],{"class":61},[55,3409,66],{"class":65},[55,3411,2477],{"class":318},[55,3413,322],{"class":65},[14,3415,281],{},[46,3417,3418],{"className":48,"code":3330,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,3419,3420],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,3421,3422],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,3423,3330],{"class":75},[889,3425,3427],{"id":3426},"confusing-absolute-value-with-rounding","Confusing absolute value with rounding",[14,3429,3430,3432],{},[18,3431,2286],{}," does not round numbers.",[46,3434,3436],{"className":48,"code":3435,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(abs(-4.7))\n",[18,3437,3438],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,3439,3440,3442,3444,3446,3448,3450,3453],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,3441,62],{"class":61},[55,3443,66],{"class":65},[55,3445,2322],{"class":61},[55,3447,66],{"class":65},[55,3449,704],{"class":703},[55,3451,3452],{"class":75},"4.7",[55,3454,79],{"class":65},[14,3456,281],{},[46,3458,3460],{"className":48,"code":3459,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"4.7\n",[18,3461,3462],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,3463,3464],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,3465,3459],{"class":75},[14,3467,3468,3469,3471,3472,3474],{},"If you expected ",[18,3470,688],{},", that is a different operation. ",[18,3473,2286],{}," removes the negative sign. It does not change the decimal part.",[41,3476,3478],{"id":3477},"return-values-and-types","Return values and types",[14,3480,3481,3483],{},[18,3482,2286],{}," returns different types depending on the input:",[240,3485,3486,3493,3500],{},[243,3487,3488,3490,3491],{},[18,3489,2492],{}," input → returns an ",[18,3492,2492],{},[243,3494,3495,3497,3498],{},[18,3496,2496],{}," input → returns a ",[18,3499,2496],{},[243,3501,3502,3497,3504],{},[18,3503,2500],{},[18,3505,2496],{},[14,3507,358],{},[46,3509,3511],{"className":48,"code":3510,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(type(abs(-5)))\nprint(type(abs(-3.2)))\nprint(type(abs(3 + 4j)))\n",[18,3512,3513,3533,3554],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,3514,3515,3517,3519,3521,3523,3525,3527,3529,3531],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,3516,62],{"class":61},[55,3518,66],{"class":65},[55,3520,1879],{"class":69},[55,3522,66],{"class":65},[55,3524,2322],{"class":61},[55,3526,66],{"class":65},[55,3528,704],{"class":703},[55,3530,688],{"class":75},[55,3532,769],{"class":65},[55,3534,3535,3537,3539,3541,3543,3545,3547,3549,3552],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,3536,62],{"class":61},[55,3538,66],{"class":65},[55,3540,1879],{"class":69},[55,3542,66],{"class":65},[55,3544,2322],{"class":61},[55,3546,66],{"class":65},[55,3548,704],{"class":703},[55,3550,3551],{"class":75},"3.2",[55,3553,769],{"class":65},[55,3555,3556,3558,3560,3562,3564,3566,3568,3570,3572,3574,3576],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,3557,62],{"class":61},[55,3559,66],{"class":65},[55,3561,1879],{"class":69},[55,3563,66],{"class":65},[55,3565,2322],{"class":61},[55,3567,66],{"class":65},[55,3569,2366],{"class":75},[55,3571,2756],{"class":703},[55,3573,2759],{"class":75},[55,3575,2369],{"class":1914},[55,3577,769],{"class":65},[14,3579,281],{},[46,3581,3583],{"className":48,"code":3582,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[18,3584,3585,3599,3613],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,3586,3587,3589,3591,3593,3595,3597],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,3588,1911],{"class":703},[55,3590,1915],{"class":1914},[55,3592,1918],{"class":109},[55,3594,2492],{"class":129},[55,3596,1923],{"class":109},[55,3598,1926],{"class":703},[55,3600,3601,3603,3605,3607,3609,3611],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,3602,1911],{"class":703},[55,3604,1915],{"class":1914},[55,3606,1918],{"class":109},[55,3608,2496],{"class":129},[55,3610,1923],{"class":109},[55,3612,1926],{"class":703},[55,3614,3615,3617,3619,3621,3623,3625],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,3616,1911],{"class":703},[55,3618,1915],{"class":1914},[55,3620,1918],{"class":109},[55,3622,2496],{"class":129},[55,3624,1923],{"class":109},[55,3626,1926],{"class":703},[14,3628,3629],{},"This matters because beginners often check value types while debugging.",[14,3631,3632],{},"If your value comes from user input, convert it first and then check the type if needed.",[14,3634,3635],{},"Useful debugging steps:",[46,3637,3639],{"className":48,"code":3638,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = \"-5\"\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nuser_input = \"-3.7\"\nprint(abs(float(user_input)))\n",[18,3640,3641,3654,3664,3678,3682,3696],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,3642,3643,3645,3647,3649,3652],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,3644,1654],{"class":902},[55,3646,906],{"class":703},[55,3648,793],{"class":109},[55,3650,3651],{"class":129},"-5",[55,3653,1052],{"class":109},[55,3655,3656,3658,3660,3662],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,3657,62],{"class":61},[55,3659,66],{"class":65},[55,3661,319],{"class":318},[55,3663,322],{"class":65},[55,3665,3666,3668,3670,3672,3674,3676],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,3667,62],{"class":61},[55,3669,66],{"class":65},[55,3671,1879],{"class":69},[55,3673,66],{"class":65},[55,3675,319],{"class":318},[55,3677,79],{"class":65},[55,3679,3680],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,3681,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,3683,3684,3687,3689,3691,3694],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,3685,3686],{"class":902},"user_input ",[55,3688,906],{"class":703},[55,3690,793],{"class":109},[55,3692,3693],{"class":129},"-3.7",[55,3695,1052],{"class":109},[55,3697,3698,3700,3702,3704,3706,3708,3710,3713],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,3699,62],{"class":61},[55,3701,66],{"class":65},[55,3703,2322],{"class":61},[55,3705,66],{"class":65},[55,3707,2496],{"class":69},[55,3709,66],{"class":65},[55,3711,3712],{"class":318},"user_input",[55,3714,769],{"class":65},[14,3716,281],{},[46,3718,3720],{"className":48,"code":3719,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"-5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n3.7\n",[18,3721,3722,3728,3743],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,3723,3724,3726],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,3725,704],{"class":703},[55,3727,3248],{"class":75},[55,3729,3730,3732,3734,3736,3739,3741],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,3731,1911],{"class":703},[55,3733,1915],{"class":1914},[55,3735,1918],{"class":109},[55,3737,3738],{"class":129},"str",[55,3740,1923],{"class":109},[55,3742,1926],{"class":703},[55,3744,3745],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,3746,3747],{"class":75},"3.7\n",[41,3749,2139],{"id":2138},[889,3751,3753],{"id":3752},"what-does-abs-mean-in-python","What does abs() mean in Python?",[14,3755,3756],{},"It returns the absolute value of a number. This means the value without a negative sign.",[889,3758,3760],{"id":3759},"does-abs-work-with-floats","Does abs() work with floats?",[14,3762,3763],{},"Yes. It works with integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[889,3765,3767],{"id":3766},"does-abs-change-the-original-variable","Does abs() change the original variable?",[14,3769,3770],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to store the result.",[889,3772,3774],{"id":3773},"why-does-absinput-give-an-error","Why does abs(input()) give an error?",[14,3776,3777,3779,3780,25,3782,3784,3785,29],{},[18,3778,1359],{}," returns a string. Convert it first with ",[18,3781,3180],{},[18,3783,3186],{}," before using ",[18,3786,2286],{},[889,3788,3790],{"id":3789},"what-does-abs-return-for-a-complex-number","What does abs() return for a complex number?",[14,3792,3793],{},"It returns the magnitude as a float.",[41,3795,2193],{"id":2192},[240,3797,3798,3805,3811,3817,3822],{},[243,3799,3800],{},[294,3801,3802,3804],{"href":3177},[18,3803,3180],{}," function explained",[243,3806,3807],{},[294,3808,3809,3804],{"href":3183},[18,3810,3186],{},[243,3812,3813],{},[294,3814,3815,3804],{"href":1581},[18,3816,2606],{},[243,3818,3819],{},[294,3820,3821],{"href":3262},"How to convert a string to an int in Python",[243,3823,3824],{},[294,3825,2723],{"href":2722},[2226,3827,3828],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":3830},[3831,3832,3833,3834,3835,3836,3842,3848,3849,3856],{"id":2307,"depth":82,"text":2308},{"id":2401,"depth":82,"text":2402},{"id":2459,"depth":82,"text":2460},{"id":2611,"depth":82,"text":2612},{"id":2726,"depth":82,"text":2727},{"id":2830,"depth":82,"text":2831,"children":3837},[3838,3839,3840,3841],{"id":2839,"depth":98,"text":2840},{"id":2940,"depth":98,"text":2941},{"id":2989,"depth":98,"text":2990},{"id":3056,"depth":98,"text":3057},{"id":1585,"depth":82,"text":1586,"children":3843},[3844,3845,3846,3847],{"id":3135,"depth":98,"text":3136},{"id":3266,"depth":98,"text":3267},{"id":3307,"depth":98,"text":3308},{"id":3426,"depth":98,"text":3427},{"id":3477,"depth":82,"text":3478},{"id":2138,"depth":82,"text":2139,"children":3850},[3851,3852,3853,3854,3855],{"id":3752,"depth":98,"text":3753},{"id":3759,"depth":98,"text":3760},{"id":3766,"depth":98,"text":3767},{"id":3773,"depth":98,"text":3774},{"id":3789,"depth":98,"text":3790},{"id":2192,"depth":82,"text":2193},"Master python abs function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained",{"title":2276,"description":3857},"reference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained","xZAUASskbMCeUoHg_mObxnwl-ISSbujkBvQOGfQBzh4",{"id":3864,"title":3865,"body":3866,"description":5558,"extension":2267,"meta":5559,"navigation":1121,"path":5560,"seo":5561,"stem":5562,"__hash__":5563},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained.md","Python all() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":3867,"toc":5522},[3868,3876,3882,3885,3901,3903,3958,3967,3974,3978,3997,4000,4017,4020,4024,4031,4048,4051,4086,4089,4096,4101,4175,4177,4209,4215,4219,4223,4262,4264,4272,4279,4283,4322,4324,4332,4342,4346,4402,4404,4412,4415,4418,4465,4467,4475,4481,4488,4493,4496,4499,4565,4567,4575,4578,4645,4647,4655,4669,4672,4684,4688,4694,4697,4699,4714,4716,4724,4727,4730,4733,4750,4753,4756,4785,4787,4800,4804,4808,4811,4826,4831,4834,4861,4868,4871,4911,4918,4924,4932,4935,4986,4993,5058,5063,5072,5075,5093,5099,5102,5244,5250,5255,5258,5269,5272,5328,5330,5338,5341,5400,5402,5410,5413,5424,5426,5433,5441,5450,5453,5460,5463,5472,5485,5487,5519],[10,3869,3871,3872,3875],{"id":3870},"python-all-function-explained","Python ",[18,3873,3874],{},"all()"," Function Explained",[14,3877,3878,3879,3881],{},"Python’s ",[18,3880,3874],{}," function checks whether every item in an iterable is truthy.",[14,3883,3884],{},"It is a small function, but it causes a lot of beginner confusion because:",[240,3886,3887,3890,3893],{},[243,3888,3889],{},"it works with truthy and falsy values",[243,3891,3892],{},"it takes one iterable argument",[243,3894,3895,1265,3898,3900],{},[18,3896,3897],{},"all([])",[18,3899,24],{},", which often seems strange at first",[41,3902,44],{"id":43},[46,3904,3906],{"className":48,"code":3905,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(numbers)\nprint(result)  # True\n",[18,3907,3908,3928,3943],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,3909,3910,3912,3914,3916,3918,3920,3922,3924,3926],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,3911,1168],{"class":902},[55,3913,906],{"class":703},[55,3915,909],{"class":65},[55,3917,93],{"class":75},[55,3919,163],{"class":65},[55,3921,166],{"class":75},[55,3923,163],{"class":65},[55,3925,171],{"class":75},[55,3927,924],{"class":65},[55,3929,3930,3932,3934,3937,3939,3941],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,3931,2534],{"class":902},[55,3933,906],{"class":703},[55,3935,3936],{"class":61}," all",[55,3938,66],{"class":65},[55,3940,332],{"class":318},[55,3942,322],{"class":65},[55,3944,3945,3947,3949,3951,3954],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,3946,62],{"class":61},[55,3948,66],{"class":65},[55,3950,2569],{"class":318},[55,3952,3953],{"class":65},")",[55,3955,3957],{"class":3956},"sutJx","  # True\n",[14,3959,3960,1265,3962,3964,3965,29],{},[18,3961,3874],{},[18,3963,24],{}," only if every item in the iterable is truthy. If even one item is falsy, it returns ",[18,3966,28],{},[41,3968,3970,3971,3973],{"id":3969},"what-all-does","What ",[18,3972,3874],{}," does",[14,3975,3976,790],{},[18,3977,3874],{},[240,3979,3980,3983,3989,3994],{},[243,3981,3982],{},"checks every item in an iterable",[243,3984,3985,3986,3988],{},"returns ",[18,3987,24],{}," if all items are truthy",[243,3990,3985,3991,3993],{},[18,3992,28],{}," if any item is falsy",[243,3995,3996],{},"works with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterables",[14,3998,3999],{},"Basic syntax:",[46,4001,4003],{"className":48,"code":4002,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"all(iterable)\n",[18,4004,4005],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,4006,4007,4010,4012,4015],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,4008,4009],{"class":61},"all",[55,4011,66],{"class":65},[55,4013,4014],{"class":318},"iterable",[55,4016,322],{"class":65},[14,4018,4019],{},"The argument must be a single iterable, not several separate values.",[41,4021,4023],{"id":4022},"what-truthy-and-falsy-mean","What truthy and falsy mean",[14,4025,4026,4027,25,4029,2189],{},"In Python, values are often treated as either ",[18,4028,24],{},[18,4030,28],{},[240,4032,4033,4041],{},[243,4034,4035,4038,4039],{},[435,4036,4037],{},"Truthy"," values act like ",[18,4040,24],{},[243,4042,4043,4038,4046],{},[435,4044,4045],{},"Falsy",[18,4047,28],{},[14,4049,4050],{},"Common falsy values include:",[240,4052,4053,4057,4061,4066,4070,4074,4078,4082],{},[243,4054,4055],{},[18,4056,76],{},[243,4058,4059],{},[18,4060,452],{},[243,4062,4063],{},[18,4064,4065],{},"''",[243,4067,4068],{},[18,4069,481],{},[243,4071,4072],{},[18,4073,28],{},[243,4075,4076],{},[18,4077,461],{},[243,4079,4080],{},[18,4081,471],{},[243,4083,4084],{},[18,4085,476],{},[14,4087,4088],{},"Most other values are truthy.",[14,4090,4091,4092,29],{},"If you are new to this idea, see ",[294,4093,4095],{"href":4094},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false","Python booleans explained: true and false",[14,4097,4098,4099,790],{},"You can test this with ",[18,4100,20],{},[46,4102,4104],{"className":48,"code":4103,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]\n\nprint([bool(x) for x in values])\n",[18,4105,4106,4142,4146],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,4107,4108,4111,4113,4115,4117,4119,4122,4124,4127,4129,4131,4133,4135,4137,4140],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,4109,4110],{"class":902},"values ",[55,4112,906],{"class":703},[55,4114,909],{"class":65},[55,4116,93],{"class":75},[55,4118,163],{"class":65},[55,4120,4121],{"class":75}," 0",[55,4123,163],{"class":65},[55,4125,4126],{"class":109}," ''",[55,4128,163],{"class":65},[55,4130,1918],{"class":109},[55,4132,130],{"class":129},[55,4134,1923],{"class":109},[55,4136,163],{"class":65},[55,4138,4139],{"class":187}," None",[55,4141,924],{"class":65},[55,4143,4144],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,4145,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,4147,4148,4150,4152,4154,4156,4158,4160,4163,4166,4169,4172],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,4149,62],{"class":61},[55,4151,158],{"class":65},[55,4153,70],{"class":69},[55,4155,66],{"class":65},[55,4157,2477],{"class":318},[55,4159,3953],{"class":65},[55,4161,4162],{"class":1193}," for",[55,4164,4165],{"class":318}," x ",[55,4167,4168],{"class":1193},"in",[55,4170,4171],{"class":318}," values",[55,4173,4174],{"class":65},"])\n",[14,4176,281],{},[46,4178,4180],{"className":48,"code":4179,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[True, False, False, True, False]\n",[18,4181,4182],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,4183,4184,4187,4189,4191,4194,4196,4198,4200,4203,4205,4207],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,4185,4186],{"class":65},"[",[55,4188,24],{"class":187},[55,4190,163],{"class":65},[55,4192,4193],{"class":187}," False",[55,4195,163],{"class":65},[55,4197,4193],{"class":187},[55,4199,163],{"class":65},[55,4201,4202],{"class":187}," True",[55,4204,163],{"class":65},[55,4206,4193],{"class":187},[55,4208,924],{"class":65},[14,4210,4211,4212,4214],{},"This matters because ",[18,4213,3874],{}," does not compare values. It checks whether each value is truthy.",[41,4216,4218],{"id":4217},"basic-examples","Basic examples",[889,4220,4222],{"id":4221},"example-all-numbers-are-non-zero","Example: all numbers are non-zero",[46,4224,4226],{"className":48,"code":4225,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[18,4227,4228,4248],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,4229,4230,4232,4234,4236,4238,4240,4242,4244,4246],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,4231,1168],{"class":902},[55,4233,906],{"class":703},[55,4235,909],{"class":65},[55,4237,93],{"class":75},[55,4239,163],{"class":65},[55,4241,166],{"class":75},[55,4243,163],{"class":65},[55,4245,171],{"class":75},[55,4247,924],{"class":65},[55,4249,4250,4252,4254,4256,4258,4260],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,4251,62],{"class":61},[55,4253,66],{"class":65},[55,4255,4009],{"class":61},[55,4257,66],{"class":65},[55,4259,332],{"class":318},[55,4261,79],{"class":65},[14,4263,281],{},[46,4265,4266],{"className":48,"code":193,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,4267,4268],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,4269,4270],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,4271,193],{"class":187},[14,4273,4274,4275,1265,4277,29],{},"Each number is truthy, so ",[18,4276,3874],{},[18,4278,24],{},[889,4280,4282],{"id":4281},"example-one-number-is-zero","Example: one number is zero",[46,4284,4286],{"className":48,"code":4285,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 0, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[18,4287,4288,4308],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,4289,4290,4292,4294,4296,4298,4300,4302,4304,4306],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,4291,1168],{"class":902},[55,4293,906],{"class":703},[55,4295,909],{"class":65},[55,4297,93],{"class":75},[55,4299,163],{"class":65},[55,4301,4121],{"class":75},[55,4303,163],{"class":65},[55,4305,171],{"class":75},[55,4307,924],{"class":65},[55,4309,4310,4312,4314,4316,4318,4320],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,4311,62],{"class":61},[55,4313,66],{"class":65},[55,4315,4009],{"class":61},[55,4317,66],{"class":65},[55,4319,332],{"class":318},[55,4321,79],{"class":65},[14,4323,281],{},[46,4325,4326],{"className":48,"code":188,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,4327,4328],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,4329,4330],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,4331,188],{"class":187},[14,4333,4334,4335,4337,4338,1265,4340,29],{},"The value ",[18,4336,76],{}," is falsy, so ",[18,4339,3874],{},[18,4341,28],{},[889,4343,4345],{"id":4344},"example-strings","Example: strings",[46,4347,4349],{"className":48,"code":4348,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[18,4350,4351,4387],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,4352,4353,4356,4358,4360,4362,4365,4367,4369,4371,4374,4376,4378,4380,4383,4385],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,4354,4355],{"class":902},"words ",[55,4357,906],{"class":703},[55,4359,909],{"class":65},[55,4361,1923],{"class":109},[55,4363,4364],{"class":129},"apple",[55,4366,1923],{"class":109},[55,4368,163],{"class":65},[55,4370,1918],{"class":109},[55,4372,4373],{"class":129},"banana",[55,4375,1923],{"class":109},[55,4377,163],{"class":65},[55,4379,1918],{"class":109},[55,4381,4382],{"class":129},"cherry",[55,4384,1923],{"class":109},[55,4386,924],{"class":65},[55,4388,4389,4391,4393,4395,4397,4400],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,4390,62],{"class":61},[55,4392,66],{"class":65},[55,4394,4009],{"class":61},[55,4396,66],{"class":65},[55,4398,4399],{"class":318},"words",[55,4401,79],{"class":65},[14,4403,281],{},[46,4405,4406],{"className":48,"code":193,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,4407,4408],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,4409,4410],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,4411,193],{"class":187},[14,4413,4414],{},"All strings are non-empty, so they are truthy.",[14,4416,4417],{},"Now look at a list with an empty string:",[46,4419,4421],{"className":48,"code":4420,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = ['apple', '', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[18,4422,4423,4451],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,4424,4425,4427,4429,4431,4433,4435,4437,4439,4441,4443,4445,4447,4449],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,4426,4355],{"class":902},[55,4428,906],{"class":703},[55,4430,909],{"class":65},[55,4432,1923],{"class":109},[55,4434,4364],{"class":129},[55,4436,1923],{"class":109},[55,4438,163],{"class":65},[55,4440,4126],{"class":109},[55,4442,163],{"class":65},[55,4444,1918],{"class":109},[55,4446,4382],{"class":129},[55,4448,1923],{"class":109},[55,4450,924],{"class":65},[55,4452,4453,4455,4457,4459,4461,4463],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,4454,62],{"class":61},[55,4456,66],{"class":65},[55,4458,4009],{"class":61},[55,4460,66],{"class":65},[55,4462,4399],{"class":318},[55,4464,79],{"class":65},[14,4466,281],{},[46,4468,4469],{"className":48,"code":188,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,4470,4471],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,4472,4473],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,4474,188],{"class":187},[14,4476,4477,4478,4480],{},"The empty string ",[18,4479,4065],{}," is falsy.",[41,4482,4484,4485,4487],{"id":4483},"how-all-works-with-conditions","How ",[18,4486,3874],{}," works with conditions",[14,4489,4490,4492],{},[18,4491,3874],{}," is often used with a generator expression.",[14,4494,4495],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether every item matches a rule.",[14,4497,4498],{},"For example, to check whether all numbers are positive:",[46,4500,4502],{"className":48,"code":4501,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,4503,4504,4524,4551,4555],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,4505,4506,4508,4510,4512,4514,4516,4518,4520,4522],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,4507,1168],{"class":902},[55,4509,906],{"class":703},[55,4511,909],{"class":65},[55,4513,93],{"class":75},[55,4515,163],{"class":65},[55,4517,166],{"class":75},[55,4519,163],{"class":65},[55,4521,171],{"class":75},[55,4523,924],{"class":65},[55,4525,4526,4528,4530,4532,4534,4536,4539,4541,4543,4545,4547,4549],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,4527,2534],{"class":902},[55,4529,906],{"class":703},[55,4531,3936],{"class":61},[55,4533,66],{"class":65},[55,4535,3323],{"class":318},[55,4537,4538],{"class":703},">",[55,4540,4121],{"class":75},[55,4542,4162],{"class":1193},[55,4544,4165],{"class":318},[55,4546,4168],{"class":1193},[55,4548,1196],{"class":318},[55,4550,322],{"class":65},[55,4552,4553],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,4554,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,4556,4557,4559,4561,4563],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,4558,62],{"class":61},[55,4560,66],{"class":65},[55,4562,2569],{"class":318},[55,4564,322],{"class":65},[14,4566,281],{},[46,4568,4569],{"className":48,"code":193,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,4570,4571],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,4572,4573],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,4574,193],{"class":187},[14,4576,4577],{},"Here is one that fails:",[46,4579,4581],{"className":48,"code":4580,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, -2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,4582,4583,4605,4631,4635],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,4584,4585,4587,4589,4591,4593,4595,4597,4599,4601,4603],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,4586,1168],{"class":902},[55,4588,906],{"class":703},[55,4590,909],{"class":65},[55,4592,93],{"class":75},[55,4594,163],{"class":65},[55,4596,2526],{"class":703},[55,4598,707],{"class":75},[55,4600,163],{"class":65},[55,4602,171],{"class":75},[55,4604,924],{"class":65},[55,4606,4607,4609,4611,4613,4615,4617,4619,4621,4623,4625,4627,4629],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,4608,2534],{"class":902},[55,4610,906],{"class":703},[55,4612,3936],{"class":61},[55,4614,66],{"class":65},[55,4616,3323],{"class":318},[55,4618,4538],{"class":703},[55,4620,4121],{"class":75},[55,4622,4162],{"class":1193},[55,4624,4165],{"class":318},[55,4626,4168],{"class":1193},[55,4628,1196],{"class":318},[55,4630,322],{"class":65},[55,4632,4633],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,4634,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,4636,4637,4639,4641,4643],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,4638,62],{"class":61},[55,4640,66],{"class":65},[55,4642,2569],{"class":318},[55,4644,322],{"class":65},[14,4646,281],{},[46,4648,4649],{"className":48,"code":188,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,4650,4651],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,4652,4653],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,4654,188],{"class":187},[14,4656,4657,4658,4661,4662,4664,4665,1265,4667,29],{},"The expression ",[18,4659,4660],{},"x > 0"," is checked for each number. If every check is ",[18,4663,24],{},", then ",[18,4666,3874],{},[18,4668,24],{},[14,4670,4671],{},"This pattern keeps code short and readable.",[14,4673,4674,4675,4679,4680,29],{},"If you want more practice with this style, see ",[294,4676,4678],{"href":4677},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-list-comprehensions-in-python","how to use list comprehensions in Python"," and ",[294,4681,4683],{"href":4682},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-an-iterable-in-python","what is an iterable in Python",[41,4685,4687],{"id":4686},"empty-iterable-behavior","Empty iterable behavior",[14,4689,4690,1265,4692,29],{},[18,4691,3897],{},[18,4693,24],{},[14,4695,4696],{},"This surprises many beginners.",[14,4698,358],{},[46,4700,4702],{"className":48,"code":4701,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(all([]))\n",[18,4703,4704],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,4705,4706,4708,4710,4712],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,4707,62],{"class":61},[55,4709,66],{"class":65},[55,4711,4009],{"class":61},[55,4713,146],{"class":65},[14,4715,281],{},[46,4717,4718],{"className":48,"code":193,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,4719,4720],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,4721,4722],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,4723,193],{"class":187},[14,4725,4726],{},"Why?",[14,4728,4729],{},"Because there is no item in the iterable that fails the test.",[14,4731,4732],{},"Think of it this way:",[240,4734,4735,4742,4745],{},[243,4736,4737,1265,4739,4741],{},[18,4738,3874],{},[18,4740,28],{}," when it finds a falsy item",[243,4743,4744],{},"an empty iterable has no items at all",[243,4746,4747,4748],{},"so there is nothing that makes it return ",[18,4749,28],{},[14,4751,4752],{},"This is normal Python behavior, even if it feels odd at first.",[14,4754,4755],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables too:",[46,4757,4759],{"className":48,"code":4758,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(all(()))\nprint(all(''))\n",[18,4760,4761,4771],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,4762,4763,4765,4767,4769],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,4764,62],{"class":61},[55,4766,66],{"class":65},[55,4768,4009],{"class":61},[55,4770,551],{"class":65},[55,4772,4773,4775,4777,4779,4781,4783],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,4774,62],{"class":61},[55,4776,66],{"class":65},[55,4778,4009],{"class":61},[55,4780,66],{"class":65},[55,4782,4065],{"class":109},[55,4784,79],{"class":65},[14,4786,281],{},[46,4788,4790],{"className":48,"code":4789,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"True\nTrue\n",[18,4791,4792,4796],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,4793,4794],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,4795,193],{"class":187},[55,4797,4798],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,4799,193],{"class":187},[41,4801,4803],{"id":4802},"common-beginner-mistakes","Common beginner mistakes",[889,4805,4807],{"id":4806},"passing-multiple-arguments","Passing multiple arguments",[14,4809,4810],{},"This is wrong:",[46,4812,4814],{"className":48,"code":4813,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"# Wrong\n# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[18,4815,4816,4821],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,4817,4818],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,4819,4820],{"class":3956},"# Wrong\n",[55,4822,4823],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,4824,4825],{"class":3956},"# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[14,4827,4828,4830],{},[18,4829,3874],{}," does not take multiple separate values.",[14,4832,4833],{},"Use one iterable instead:",[46,4835,4837],{"className":48,"code":4836,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\n",[18,4838,4839],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,4840,4841,4843,4845,4847,4849,4851,4853,4855,4857,4859],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,4842,62],{"class":61},[55,4844,66],{"class":65},[55,4846,4009],{"class":61},[55,4848,158],{"class":65},[55,4850,93],{"class":75},[55,4852,163],{"class":65},[55,4854,166],{"class":75},[55,4856,163],{"class":65},[55,4858,171],{"class":75},[55,4860,174],{"class":65},[889,4862,4864,4865,4867],{"id":4863},"assuming-all-compares-values-automatically","Assuming ",[18,4866,3874],{}," compares values automatically",[14,4869,4870],{},"Some beginners expect this:",[46,4872,4874],{"className":48,"code":4873,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[18,4875,4876,4897],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,4877,4878,4880,4882,4884,4886,4888,4891,4893,4895],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,4879,1168],{"class":902},[55,4881,906],{"class":703},[55,4883,909],{"class":65},[55,4885,688],{"class":75},[55,4887,163],{"class":65},[55,4889,4890],{"class":75}," 5",[55,4892,163],{"class":65},[55,4894,4890],{"class":75},[55,4896,924],{"class":65},[55,4898,4899,4901,4903,4905,4907,4909],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,4900,62],{"class":61},[55,4902,66],{"class":65},[55,4904,4009],{"class":61},[55,4906,66],{"class":65},[55,4908,332],{"class":318},[55,4910,79],{"class":65},[14,4912,4913,4914,4917],{},"This does ",[435,4915,4916],{},"not"," check whether all values are equal.",[14,4919,4920,4921,4923],{},"It only checks whether all values are truthy. Since ",[18,4922,688],{}," is truthy, the result is:",[46,4925,4926],{"className":48,"code":193,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,4927,4928],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,4929,4930],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,4931,193],{"class":187},[14,4933,4934],{},"If you want to check whether all values are equal, you need a condition:",[46,4936,4938],{"className":48,"code":4937,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(x == 5 for x in numbers))\n",[18,4939,4940,4960],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,4941,4942,4944,4946,4948,4950,4952,4954,4956,4958],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,4943,1168],{"class":902},[55,4945,906],{"class":703},[55,4947,909],{"class":65},[55,4949,688],{"class":75},[55,4951,163],{"class":65},[55,4953,4890],{"class":75},[55,4955,163],{"class":65},[55,4957,4890],{"class":75},[55,4959,924],{"class":65},[55,4961,4962,4964,4966,4968,4970,4972,4974,4976,4978,4980,4982,4984],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,4963,62],{"class":61},[55,4965,66],{"class":65},[55,4967,4009],{"class":61},[55,4969,66],{"class":65},[55,4971,3323],{"class":318},[55,4973,1673],{"class":703},[55,4975,4890],{"class":75},[55,4977,4162],{"class":1193},[55,4979,4165],{"class":318},[55,4981,4168],{"class":1193},[55,4983,1196],{"class":318},[55,4985,79],{"class":65},[889,4987,4989,4990,4992],{"id":4988},"forgetting-that-0-and-empty-strings-are-falsy","Forgetting that ",[18,4991,76],{}," and empty strings are falsy",[46,4994,4996],{"className":48,"code":4995,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(all([1, 2, 0]))       # False\nprint(all(['a', 'b', '']))  # False\n",[18,4997,4998,5024],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,4999,5000,5002,5004,5006,5008,5010,5012,5014,5016,5018,5021],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,5001,62],{"class":61},[55,5003,66],{"class":65},[55,5005,4009],{"class":61},[55,5007,158],{"class":65},[55,5009,93],{"class":75},[55,5011,163],{"class":65},[55,5013,166],{"class":75},[55,5015,163],{"class":65},[55,5017,4121],{"class":75},[55,5019,5020],{"class":65},"]))",[55,5022,5023],{"class":3956},"       # False\n",[55,5025,5026,5028,5030,5032,5034,5036,5038,5040,5042,5044,5047,5049,5051,5053,5055],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,5027,62],{"class":61},[55,5029,66],{"class":65},[55,5031,4009],{"class":61},[55,5033,158],{"class":65},[55,5035,1923],{"class":109},[55,5037,294],{"class":129},[55,5039,1923],{"class":109},[55,5041,163],{"class":65},[55,5043,1918],{"class":109},[55,5045,5046],{"class":129},"b",[55,5048,1923],{"class":109},[55,5050,163],{"class":65},[55,5052,4126],{"class":109},[55,5054,5020],{"class":65},[55,5056,5057],{"class":3956},"  # False\n",[14,5059,5060,5061,29],{},"A single falsy value makes the whole result ",[18,5062,28],{},[889,5064,5066,5067,5069,5070],{"id":5065},"not-understanding-why-all-is-true","Not understanding why ",[18,5068,3897],{}," is ",[18,5071,24],{},[14,5073,5074],{},"This is expected behavior:",[46,5076,5078],{"className":48,"code":5077,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(all([]))  # True\n",[18,5079,5080],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,5081,5082,5084,5086,5088,5091],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,5083,62],{"class":61},[55,5085,66],{"class":65},[55,5087,4009],{"class":61},[55,5089,5090],{"class":65},"([]))",[55,5092,3957],{"class":3956},[14,5094,5095,5096,5098],{},"It does not mean the list contains ",[18,5097,24],{},". It means there is no item that fails the check.",[14,5100,5101],{},"Useful quick tests:",[46,5103,5105],{"className":48,"code":5104,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([1, 0, 3]))\nprint([bool(x) for x in [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]])\nprint(all(x > 0 for x in [1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([]))\n",[18,5106,5107,5129,5151,5198,5234],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,5108,5109,5111,5113,5115,5117,5119,5121,5123,5125,5127],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,5110,62],{"class":61},[55,5112,66],{"class":65},[55,5114,4009],{"class":61},[55,5116,158],{"class":65},[55,5118,93],{"class":75},[55,5120,163],{"class":65},[55,5122,166],{"class":75},[55,5124,163],{"class":65},[55,5126,171],{"class":75},[55,5128,174],{"class":65},[55,5130,5131,5133,5135,5137,5139,5141,5143,5145,5147,5149],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,5132,62],{"class":61},[55,5134,66],{"class":65},[55,5136,4009],{"class":61},[55,5138,158],{"class":65},[55,5140,93],{"class":75},[55,5142,163],{"class":65},[55,5144,4121],{"class":75},[55,5146,163],{"class":65},[55,5148,171],{"class":75},[55,5150,174],{"class":65},[55,5152,5153,5155,5157,5159,5161,5163,5165,5167,5169,5171,5173,5175,5177,5179,5181,5183,5185,5187,5189,5191,5193,5195],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,5154,62],{"class":61},[55,5156,158],{"class":65},[55,5158,70],{"class":69},[55,5160,66],{"class":65},[55,5162,2477],{"class":318},[55,5164,3953],{"class":65},[55,5166,4162],{"class":1193},[55,5168,4165],{"class":318},[55,5170,4168],{"class":1193},[55,5172,909],{"class":65},[55,5174,93],{"class":75},[55,5176,163],{"class":65},[55,5178,4121],{"class":75},[55,5180,163],{"class":65},[55,5182,4126],{"class":109},[55,5184,163],{"class":65},[55,5186,1918],{"class":109},[55,5188,130],{"class":129},[55,5190,1923],{"class":109},[55,5192,163],{"class":65},[55,5194,4139],{"class":187},[55,5196,5197],{"class":65},"]])\n",[55,5199,5200,5202,5204,5206,5208,5210,5212,5214,5216,5218,5220,5222,5224,5226,5228,5230,5232],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,5201,62],{"class":61},[55,5203,66],{"class":65},[55,5205,4009],{"class":61},[55,5207,66],{"class":65},[55,5209,3323],{"class":318},[55,5211,4538],{"class":703},[55,5213,4121],{"class":75},[55,5215,4162],{"class":1193},[55,5217,4165],{"class":318},[55,5219,4168],{"class":1193},[55,5221,909],{"class":65},[55,5223,93],{"class":75},[55,5225,163],{"class":65},[55,5227,166],{"class":75},[55,5229,163],{"class":65},[55,5231,171],{"class":75},[55,5233,174],{"class":65},[55,5235,5236,5238,5240,5242],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,5237,62],{"class":61},[55,5239,66],{"class":65},[55,5241,4009],{"class":61},[55,5243,146],{"class":65},[41,5245,5247,5248],{"id":5246},"when-to-use-all","When to use ",[18,5249,3874],{},[14,5251,5252,5254],{},[18,5253,3874],{}," is useful when you want to check that every item passes a simple test.",[14,5256,5257],{},"Common use cases:",[240,5259,5260,5263,5266],{},[243,5261,5262],{},"check if every string in a list is non-empty",[243,5264,5265],{},"validate that all numbers meet a condition",[243,5267,5268],{},"make sure all values are valid before processing data",[14,5270,5271],{},"Example: check that every name is non-empty",[46,5273,5275],{"className":48,"code":5274,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"names = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\nprint(all(names))\n",[18,5276,5277,5313],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,5278,5279,5282,5284,5286,5288,5291,5293,5295,5297,5300,5302,5304,5306,5309,5311],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,5280,5281],{"class":902},"names ",[55,5283,906],{"class":703},[55,5285,909],{"class":65},[55,5287,1923],{"class":109},[55,5289,5290],{"class":129},"Alice",[55,5292,1923],{"class":109},[55,5294,163],{"class":65},[55,5296,1918],{"class":109},[55,5298,5299],{"class":129},"Bob",[55,5301,1923],{"class":109},[55,5303,163],{"class":65},[55,5305,1918],{"class":109},[55,5307,5308],{"class":129},"Charlie",[55,5310,1923],{"class":109},[55,5312,924],{"class":65},[55,5314,5315,5317,5319,5321,5323,5326],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,5316,62],{"class":61},[55,5318,66],{"class":65},[55,5320,4009],{"class":61},[55,5322,66],{"class":65},[55,5324,5325],{"class":318},"names",[55,5327,79],{"class":65},[14,5329,281],{},[46,5331,5332],{"className":48,"code":193,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,5333,5334],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,5335,5336],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,5337,193],{"class":187},[14,5339,5340],{},"Example: check that every score is at least 50",[46,5342,5344],{"className":48,"code":5343,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"scores = [75, 80, 50]\nprint(all(score >= 50 for score in scores))\n",[18,5345,5346,5370],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,5347,5348,5351,5353,5355,5358,5360,5363,5365,5368],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,5349,5350],{"class":902},"scores ",[55,5352,906],{"class":703},[55,5354,909],{"class":65},[55,5356,5357],{"class":75},"75",[55,5359,163],{"class":65},[55,5361,5362],{"class":75}," 80",[55,5364,163],{"class":65},[55,5366,5367],{"class":75}," 50",[55,5369,924],{"class":65},[55,5371,5372,5374,5376,5378,5380,5383,5386,5388,5390,5393,5395,5398],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,5373,62],{"class":61},[55,5375,66],{"class":65},[55,5377,4009],{"class":61},[55,5379,66],{"class":65},[55,5381,5382],{"class":318},"score ",[55,5384,5385],{"class":703},">=",[55,5387,5367],{"class":75},[55,5389,4162],{"class":1193},[55,5391,5392],{"class":318}," score ",[55,5394,4168],{"class":1193},[55,5396,5397],{"class":318}," scores",[55,5399,79],{"class":65},[14,5401,281],{},[46,5403,5404],{"className":48,"code":193,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,5405,5406],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,5407,5408],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,5409,193],{"class":187},[14,5411,5412],{},"If the logic becomes hard to read, a plain loop is often better for beginners.",[14,5414,5415,5416,4679,5420,29],{},"For related tasks, see ",[294,5417,5419],{"href":5418},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python","how to filter a list in Python",[294,5421,5423],{"href":5422},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained","iterators and iterable objects explained",[41,5425,2139],{"id":2138},[889,5427,5429,5430,5432],{"id":5428},"what-does-all-return-in-python","What does ",[18,5431,3874],{}," return in Python?",[14,5434,2157,5435,5437,5438,5440],{},[18,5436,24],{}," if every item in the iterable is truthy. It returns ",[18,5439,28],{}," if at least one item is falsy.",[889,5442,5444,5445,5447,5448,2794],{"id":5443},"why-does-all-return-true","Why does ",[18,5446,3897],{}," return ",[18,5449,24],{},[14,5451,5452],{},"Because there are no items in the iterable that fail the test.",[889,5454,5456,5457,5459],{"id":5455},"can-all-take-multiple-values-directly","Can ",[18,5458,3874],{}," take multiple values directly?",[14,5461,5462],{},"No. It takes one iterable argument, such as a list or tuple.",[889,5464,5466,5467,4679,5469,2794],{"id":5465},"what-is-the-difference-between-all-and-any","What is the difference between ",[18,5468,3874],{},[18,5470,5471],{},"any()",[14,5473,5474,5476,5477,5479,5480,29],{},[18,5475,3874],{}," needs every item to be truthy. ",[18,5478,5471],{}," needs at least one item to be truthy. See ",[294,5481,3871,5483,3804],{"href":5482},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained",[18,5484,5471],{},[41,5486,2193],{"id":2192},[240,5488,5489,5495,5499,5504,5509,5514],{},[243,5490,5491],{},[294,5492,3871,5493,3804],{"href":5482},[18,5494,5471],{},[243,5496,5497],{},[294,5498,4095],{"href":4094},[243,5500,5501],{},[294,5502,5503],{"href":5422},"Iterators and iterable objects explained",[243,5505,5506],{},[294,5507,5508],{"href":5418},"How to filter a list in Python",[243,5510,5511],{},[294,5512,5513],{"href":4677},"How to use list comprehensions in Python",[243,5515,5516],{},[294,5517,5518],{"href":4682},"What is an iterable in Python",[2226,5520,5521],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":5523},[5524,5525,5527,5528,5533,5535,5536,5545,5547,5557],{"id":43,"depth":82,"text":44},{"id":3969,"depth":82,"text":5526},"What all() does",{"id":4022,"depth":82,"text":4023},{"id":4217,"depth":82,"text":4218,"children":5529},[5530,5531,5532],{"id":4221,"depth":98,"text":4222},{"id":4281,"depth":98,"text":4282},{"id":4344,"depth":98,"text":4345},{"id":4483,"depth":82,"text":5534},"How all() works with conditions",{"id":4686,"depth":82,"text":4687},{"id":4802,"depth":82,"text":4803,"children":5537},[5538,5539,5541,5543],{"id":4806,"depth":98,"text":4807},{"id":4863,"depth":98,"text":5540},"Assuming all() compares values automatically",{"id":4988,"depth":98,"text":5542},"Forgetting that 0 and empty strings are falsy",{"id":5065,"depth":98,"text":5544},"Not understanding why all([]) is True",{"id":5246,"depth":82,"text":5546},"When to use all()",{"id":2138,"depth":82,"text":2139,"children":5548},[5549,5551,5553,5555],{"id":5428,"depth":98,"text":5550},"What does all() return in Python?",{"id":5443,"depth":98,"text":5552},"Why does all([]) return True?",{"id":5455,"depth":98,"text":5554},"Can all() take multiple values directly?",{"id":5465,"depth":98,"text":5556},"What is the difference between all() and any()?",{"id":2192,"depth":82,"text":2193},"Master python all function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained",{"title":3865,"description":5558},"reference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained","INFNBux1C5bbGXXd7ksmaHdJKP1Sy8TpO9oKs-3BZC8",{"id":5565,"title":5566,"body":5567,"description":7241,"extension":2267,"meta":7242,"navigation":1121,"path":5482,"seo":7243,"stem":7244,"__hash__":7245},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained.md","Python any() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":5568,"toc":7219},[5569,5572,5580,5583,5596,5604,5648,5657,5661,5666,5669,5686,5689,5700,5712,5716,5719,5734,5739,5742,5754,5757,5839,5841,5862,5868,5870,5876,5890,5892,5926,5928,5931,5992,5994,6011,6014,6041,6043,6051,6062,6066,6069,6108,6110,6118,6120,6136,6144,6147,6190,6192,6200,6205,6209,6217,6220,6247,6250,6253,6327,6329,6337,6344,6368,6379,6382,6461,6463,6471,6478,6482,6487,6502,6504,6512,6515,6521,6524,6567,6569,6586,6590,6595,6606,6609,6721,6724,6783,6789,6791,6796,6800,6802,6821,6827,6830,6849,6853,6862,6889,6891,6899,6907,6911,6917,6940,6942,6950,6955,6959,6962,7013,7016,7067,7070,7072,7076,7083,7087,7094,7098,7106,7110,7113,7135,7137,7187,7189,7216],[10,5570,5566],{"id":5571},"python-any-function-explained",[14,5573,5574,5576,5577,29],{},[18,5575,5471],{}," is a built-in Python function that checks an iterable and tells you whether ",[435,5578,5579],{},"at least one item is truthy",[14,5581,5582],{},"You will usually use it with values like:",[240,5584,5585,5587,5589,5591,5593],{},[243,5586,338],{},[243,5588,341],{},[243,5590,347],{},[243,5592,335],{},[243,5594,5595],{},"generator expressions",[14,5597,5598,5599,25,5601,5603],{},"It is useful when you want a quick ",[18,5600,24],{},[18,5602,28],{}," answer without writing a full loop.",[46,5605,5607],{"className":48,"code":5606,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))  # True\n",[18,5608,5609,5629],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,5610,5611,5613,5615,5617,5619,5621,5623,5625,5627],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,5612,4110],{"class":902},[55,5614,906],{"class":703},[55,5616,909],{"class":65},[55,5618,76],{"class":75},[55,5620,163],{"class":65},[55,5622,4126],{"class":109},[55,5624,163],{"class":65},[55,5626,4890],{"class":75},[55,5628,924],{"class":65},[55,5630,5631,5633,5635,5638,5640,5643,5646],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,5632,62],{"class":61},[55,5634,66],{"class":65},[55,5636,5637],{"class":61},"any",[55,5639,66],{"class":65},[55,5641,5642],{"class":318},"values",[55,5644,5645],{"class":65},"))",[55,5647,3957],{"class":3956},[14,5649,212,5650,5653,5654,5656],{},[18,5651,5652],{},"any(iterable)"," when you want ",[18,5655,24],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy.",[41,5658,5660],{"id":5659},"what-any-does","What any() does",[14,5662,5663,5665],{},[18,5664,5471],{}," checks an iterable such as a list, tuple, set, or generator.",[14,5667,5668],{},"It returns:",[240,5670,5671,5676,5681],{},[243,5672,5673,5675],{},[18,5674,24],{}," if at least one item is truthy",[243,5677,5678,5680],{},[18,5679,28],{}," if all items are falsy",[243,5682,5683,5685],{},[18,5684,28],{}," if the iterable is empty",[14,5687,5688],{},"This makes it a good choice for simple checks like:",[240,5690,5691,5694,5697],{},[243,5692,5693],{},"\"Does this list contain at least one real value?\"",[243,5695,5696],{},"\"Does any number match this condition?\"",[243,5698,5699],{},"\"Is there at least one non-empty string?\"",[14,5701,5702,5703,5706,5707,29],{},"If you want the opposite behavior, where ",[435,5704,5705],{},"every"," item must be truthy, see ",[294,5708,5710],{"href":5709},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained\u002F",[18,5711,3874],{},[41,5713,5715],{"id":5714},"syntax","Syntax",[14,5717,5718],{},"The syntax is simple:",[46,5720,5722],{"className":48,"code":5721,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"any(iterable)\n",[18,5723,5724],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,5725,5726,5728,5730,5732],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,5727,5637],{"class":61},[55,5729,66],{"class":65},[55,5731,4014],{"class":318},[55,5733,322],{"class":65},[14,5735,5736,5737,29],{},"The argument must be an ",[435,5738,4014],{},[14,5740,5741],{},"Common inputs include:",[240,5743,5744,5746,5748,5750,5752],{},[243,5745,338],{},[243,5747,341],{},[243,5749,347],{},[243,5751,335],{},[243,5753,5595],{},[14,5755,5756],{},"For example:",[46,5758,5760],{"className":48,"code":5759,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(any([0, 0, 1]))\nprint(any((False, False)))\nprint(any({0, 2}))\nprint(any(\"hello\"))\n",[18,5761,5762,5785,5803,5821],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,5763,5764,5766,5768,5770,5772,5774,5776,5778,5780,5783],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,5765,62],{"class":61},[55,5767,66],{"class":65},[55,5769,5637],{"class":61},[55,5771,158],{"class":65},[55,5773,76],{"class":75},[55,5775,163],{"class":65},[55,5777,4121],{"class":75},[55,5779,163],{"class":65},[55,5781,5782],{"class":75}," 1",[55,5784,174],{"class":65},[55,5786,5787,5789,5791,5793,5795,5797,5799,5801],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,5788,62],{"class":61},[55,5790,66],{"class":65},[55,5792,5637],{"class":61},[55,5794,760],{"class":65},[55,5796,28],{"class":187},[55,5798,163],{"class":65},[55,5800,4193],{"class":187},[55,5802,769],{"class":65},[55,5804,5805,5807,5809,5811,5813,5815,5817,5819],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,5806,62],{"class":61},[55,5808,66],{"class":65},[55,5810,5637],{"class":61},[55,5812,780],{"class":65},[55,5814,76],{"class":75},[55,5816,163],{"class":65},[55,5818,166],{"class":75},[55,5820,801],{"class":65},[55,5822,5823,5825,5827,5829,5831,5833,5835,5837],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,5824,62],{"class":61},[55,5826,66],{"class":65},[55,5828,5637],{"class":61},[55,5830,66],{"class":65},[55,5832,126],{"class":109},[55,5834,130],{"class":129},[55,5836,126],{"class":109},[55,5838,79],{"class":65},[14,5840,177],{},[46,5842,5844],{"className":48,"code":5843,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"True\nFalse\nTrue\nTrue\n",[18,5845,5846,5850,5854,5858],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,5847,5848],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,5849,193],{"class":187},[55,5851,5852],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,5853,188],{"class":187},[55,5855,5856],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,5857,193],{"class":187},[55,5859,5860],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,5861,193],{"class":187},[14,5863,5864,5865,29],{},"If you are not sure what an iterable is, read ",[294,5866,5423],{"href":5867},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained\u002F",[41,5869,4023],{"id":4022},[14,5871,4026,5872,25,5874,2189],{},[435,5873,646],{},[435,5875,437],{},[240,5877,5878,5884],{},[243,5879,5880,4038,5882],{},[435,5881,4037],{},[18,5883,24],{},[243,5885,5886,4038,5888],{},[435,5887,4045],{},[18,5889,28],{},[14,5891,4050],{},[240,5893,5894,5898,5902,5906,5910,5914,5918,5922],{},[243,5895,5896],{},[18,5897,28],{},[243,5899,5900],{},[18,5901,76],{},[243,5903,5904],{},[18,5905,452],{},[243,5907,5908],{},[18,5909,4065],{},[243,5911,5912],{},[18,5913,461],{},[243,5915,5916],{},[18,5917,471],{},[243,5919,5920],{},[18,5921,476],{},[243,5923,5924],{},[18,5925,481],{},[14,5927,4088],{},[14,5929,5930],{},"That means these values are truthy:",[46,5932,5934],{"className":48,"code":5933,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(any([1]))\nprint(any(['hello']))\nprint(any([[1, 2, 3]]))\n",[18,5935,5936,5950,5968],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,5937,5938,5940,5942,5944,5946,5948],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,5939,62],{"class":61},[55,5941,66],{"class":65},[55,5943,5637],{"class":61},[55,5945,158],{"class":65},[55,5947,93],{"class":75},[55,5949,174],{"class":65},[55,5951,5952,5954,5956,5958,5960,5962,5964,5966],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,5953,62],{"class":61},[55,5955,66],{"class":65},[55,5957,5637],{"class":61},[55,5959,158],{"class":65},[55,5961,1923],{"class":109},[55,5963,130],{"class":129},[55,5965,1923],{"class":109},[55,5967,174],{"class":65},[55,5969,5970,5972,5974,5976,5979,5981,5983,5985,5987,5989],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,5971,62],{"class":61},[55,5973,66],{"class":65},[55,5975,5637],{"class":61},[55,5977,5978],{"class":65},"([[",[55,5980,93],{"class":75},[55,5982,163],{"class":65},[55,5984,166],{"class":75},[55,5986,163],{"class":65},[55,5988,171],{"class":75},[55,5990,5991],{"class":65},"]]))\n",[14,5993,177],{},[46,5995,5997],{"className":48,"code":5996,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"True\nTrue\nTrue\n",[18,5998,5999,6003,6007],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,6000,6001],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,6002,193],{"class":187},[55,6004,6005],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,6006,193],{"class":187},[55,6008,6009],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,6010,193],{"class":187},[14,6012,6013],{},"And these are all falsy:",[46,6015,6017],{"className":48,"code":6016,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(any([0, '', None]))\n",[18,6018,6019],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,6020,6021,6023,6025,6027,6029,6031,6033,6035,6037,6039],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,6022,62],{"class":61},[55,6024,66],{"class":65},[55,6026,5637],{"class":61},[55,6028,158],{"class":65},[55,6030,76],{"class":75},[55,6032,163],{"class":65},[55,6034,4126],{"class":109},[55,6036,163],{"class":65},[55,6038,4139],{"class":187},[55,6040,174],{"class":65},[14,6042,177],{},[46,6044,6045],{"className":48,"code":188,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,6046,6047],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,6048,6049],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,6050,188],{"class":187},[14,6052,6053,6054,4679,6056,29],{},"If you want to understand this more clearly, see ",[294,6055,4095],{"href":2200},[294,6057,6059,6061],{"href":6058},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained\u002F",[18,6060,20],{}," explained",[41,6063,6065],{"id":6064},"basic-example","Basic example",[14,6067,6068],{},"Here is a simple example with one truthy value:",[46,6070,6072],{"className":48,"code":6071,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))\n",[18,6073,6074,6094],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,6075,6076,6078,6080,6082,6084,6086,6088,6090,6092],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,6077,4110],{"class":902},[55,6079,906],{"class":703},[55,6081,909],{"class":65},[55,6083,76],{"class":75},[55,6085,163],{"class":65},[55,6087,4126],{"class":109},[55,6089,163],{"class":65},[55,6091,4890],{"class":75},[55,6093,924],{"class":65},[55,6095,6096,6098,6100,6102,6104,6106],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,6097,62],{"class":61},[55,6099,66],{"class":65},[55,6101,5637],{"class":61},[55,6103,66],{"class":65},[55,6105,5642],{"class":318},[55,6107,79],{"class":65},[14,6109,281],{},[46,6111,6112],{"className":48,"code":193,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,6113,6114],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,6115,6116],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,6117,193],{"class":187},[14,6119,4726],{},[240,6121,6122,6127,6131],{},[243,6123,6124,6126],{},[18,6125,76],{}," is falsy",[243,6128,6129,6126],{},[18,6130,4065],{},[243,6132,6133,6135],{},[18,6134,688],{}," is truthy",[14,6137,6138,6139,1265,6142,29],{},"Since at least one item is truthy, ",[18,6140,6141],{},"any(values)",[18,6143,24],{},[14,6145,6146],{},"Now look at a list where every item is falsy:",[46,6148,6150],{"className":48,"code":6149,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = [0, '', None, False]\nprint(any(values))\n",[18,6151,6152,6176],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,6153,6154,6156,6158,6160,6162,6164,6166,6168,6170,6172,6174],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,6155,4110],{"class":902},[55,6157,906],{"class":703},[55,6159,909],{"class":65},[55,6161,76],{"class":75},[55,6163,163],{"class":65},[55,6165,4126],{"class":109},[55,6167,163],{"class":65},[55,6169,4139],{"class":187},[55,6171,163],{"class":65},[55,6173,4193],{"class":187},[55,6175,924],{"class":65},[55,6177,6178,6180,6182,6184,6186,6188],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,6179,62],{"class":61},[55,6181,66],{"class":65},[55,6183,5637],{"class":61},[55,6185,66],{"class":65},[55,6187,5642],{"class":318},[55,6189,79],{"class":65},[14,6191,281],{},[46,6193,6194],{"className":48,"code":188,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,6195,6196],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,6197,6198],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,6199,188],{"class":187},[14,6201,6202,6203,29],{},"Here, none of the items are truthy, so the result is ",[18,6204,28],{},[41,6206,6208],{"id":6207},"using-any-with-conditions","Using any() with conditions",[14,6210,6211,6213,6214,29],{},[18,6212,5471],{}," is often used with a ",[435,6215,6216],{},"generator expression",[14,6218,6219],{},"This is a common pattern:",[46,6221,6223],{"className":48,"code":6222,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"any(condition for item in items)\n",[18,6224,6225],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,6226,6227,6229,6231,6234,6237,6240,6242,6245],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,6228,5637],{"class":61},[55,6230,66],{"class":65},[55,6232,6233],{"class":318},"condition ",[55,6235,6236],{"class":1193},"for",[55,6238,6239],{"class":318}," item ",[55,6241,4168],{"class":1193},[55,6243,6244],{"class":318}," items",[55,6246,322],{"class":65},[14,6248,6249],{},"It is useful when you want to check whether any item matches a rule.",[14,6251,6252],{},"For example, to check whether any number is negative:",[46,6254,6256],{"className":48,"code":6255,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [4, 7, -2, 10]\n\nresult = any(x \u003C 0 for x in numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[18,6257,6258,6286,6290,6317],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,6259,6260,6262,6264,6266,6268,6270,6273,6275,6277,6279,6281,6284],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,6261,1168],{"class":902},[55,6263,906],{"class":703},[55,6265,909],{"class":65},[55,6267,2807],{"class":75},[55,6269,163],{"class":65},[55,6271,6272],{"class":75}," 7",[55,6274,163],{"class":65},[55,6276,2526],{"class":703},[55,6278,707],{"class":75},[55,6280,163],{"class":65},[55,6282,6283],{"class":75}," 10",[55,6285,924],{"class":65},[55,6287,6288],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,6289,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,6291,6292,6294,6296,6299,6301,6303,6305,6307,6309,6311,6313,6315],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,6293,2534],{"class":902},[55,6295,906],{"class":703},[55,6297,6298],{"class":61}," any",[55,6300,66],{"class":65},[55,6302,3323],{"class":318},[55,6304,1911],{"class":703},[55,6306,4121],{"class":75},[55,6308,4162],{"class":1193},[55,6310,4165],{"class":318},[55,6312,4168],{"class":1193},[55,6314,1196],{"class":318},[55,6316,322],{"class":65},[55,6318,6319,6321,6323,6325],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,6320,62],{"class":61},[55,6322,66],{"class":65},[55,6324,2569],{"class":318},[55,6326,322],{"class":65},[14,6328,281],{},[46,6330,6331],{"className":48,"code":193,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,6332,6333],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,6334,6335],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,6336,193],{"class":187},[14,6338,6339,6340,6343],{},"This works because ",[18,6341,6342],{},"x \u003C 0"," is checked for each number:",[240,6345,6346,6354,6361],{},[243,6347,6348,6351,6352],{},[18,6349,6350],{},"4 \u003C 0"," → ",[18,6353,28],{},[243,6355,6356,6351,6359],{},[18,6357,6358],{},"7 \u003C 0",[18,6360,28],{},[243,6362,6363,6351,6366],{},[18,6364,6365],{},"-2 \u003C 0",[18,6367,24],{},[14,6369,6370,6371,6373,6374,6376,6377,29],{},"As soon as Python finds one ",[18,6372,24],{}," result, ",[18,6375,5471],{}," can return ",[18,6378,24],{},[14,6380,6381],{},"Here is another example:",[46,6383,6385],{"className":48,"code":6384,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"apple\", \"\", \"banana\"]\n\nhas_empty_string = any(word == \"\" for word in words)\nprint(has_empty_string)\n",[18,6386,6387,6416,6420,6450],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,6388,6389,6391,6393,6395,6397,6399,6401,6403,6406,6408,6410,6412,6414],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,6390,4355],{"class":902},[55,6392,906],{"class":703},[55,6394,909],{"class":65},[55,6396,126],{"class":109},[55,6398,4364],{"class":129},[55,6400,126],{"class":109},[55,6402,163],{"class":65},[55,6404,6405],{"class":109}," \"\"",[55,6407,163],{"class":65},[55,6409,793],{"class":109},[55,6411,4373],{"class":129},[55,6413,126],{"class":109},[55,6415,924],{"class":65},[55,6417,6418],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,6419,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,6421,6422,6425,6427,6429,6431,6434,6436,6438,6440,6443,6445,6448],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,6423,6424],{"class":902},"has_empty_string ",[55,6426,906],{"class":703},[55,6428,6298],{"class":61},[55,6430,66],{"class":65},[55,6432,6433],{"class":318},"word ",[55,6435,1673],{"class":703},[55,6437,6405],{"class":109},[55,6439,4162],{"class":1193},[55,6441,6442],{"class":318}," word ",[55,6444,4168],{"class":1193},[55,6446,6447],{"class":318}," words",[55,6449,322],{"class":65},[55,6451,6452,6454,6456,6459],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,6453,62],{"class":61},[55,6455,66],{"class":65},[55,6457,6458],{"class":318},"has_empty_string",[55,6460,322],{"class":65},[14,6462,281],{},[46,6464,6465],{"className":48,"code":193,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,6466,6467],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,6468,6469],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,6470,193],{"class":187},[14,6472,6473,6474,29],{},"This style is often cleaner than writing a full loop for a simple match check. For related list-checking examples, see ",[294,6475,6477],{"href":6476},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-value-exists-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[41,6479,6481],{"id":6480},"empty-iterables","Empty iterables",[14,6483,6484,6485,790],{},"An empty iterable returns ",[18,6486,28],{},[46,6488,6490],{"className":48,"code":6489,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(any([]))\n",[18,6491,6492],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,6493,6494,6496,6498,6500],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,6495,62],{"class":61},[55,6497,66],{"class":65},[55,6499,5637],{"class":61},[55,6501,146],{"class":65},[14,6503,281],{},[46,6505,6506],{"className":48,"code":188,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,6507,6508],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,6509,6510],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,6511,188],{"class":187},[14,6513,6514],{},"This can surprise beginners.",[14,6516,6517,6518,6520],{},"The reason is simple: ",[18,6519,5471],{}," looks for at least one truthy item. In an empty iterable, there are no items at all, so there is nothing truthy to find.",[14,6522,6523],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables:",[46,6525,6527],{"className":48,"code":6526,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(any(()))\nprint(any(\"\"))\nprint(any(set()))\n",[18,6528,6529,6539,6553],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,6530,6531,6533,6535,6537],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,6532,62],{"class":61},[55,6534,66],{"class":65},[55,6536,5637],{"class":61},[55,6538,551],{"class":65},[55,6540,6541,6543,6545,6547,6549,6551],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,6542,62],{"class":61},[55,6544,66],{"class":65},[55,6546,5637],{"class":61},[55,6548,66],{"class":65},[55,6550,110],{"class":109},[55,6552,79],{"class":65},[55,6554,6555,6557,6559,6561,6563,6565],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,6556,62],{"class":61},[55,6558,66],{"class":65},[55,6560,5637],{"class":61},[55,6562,66],{"class":65},[55,6564,576],{"class":69},[55,6566,579],{"class":65},[14,6568,281],{},[46,6570,6572],{"className":48,"code":6571,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"False\nFalse\nFalse\n",[18,6573,6574,6578,6582],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,6575,6576],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,6577,188],{"class":187},[55,6579,6580],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,6581,188],{"class":187},[55,6583,6584],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,6585,188],{"class":187},[41,6587,6589],{"id":6588},"when-to-use-any","When to use any()",[14,6591,212,6592,6594],{},[18,6593,5471],{}," when you want to:",[240,6596,6597,6600,6603],{},[243,6598,6599],{},"check whether a list contains at least one matching value",[243,6601,6602],{},"simplify loops that only need one match",[243,6604,6605],{},"make condition checks shorter and easier to read",[14,6607,6608],{},"For example, instead of writing this:",[46,6610,6612],{"className":48,"code":6611,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\n\nfound_even = False\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        found_even = True\n        break\n\nprint(found_even)\n",[18,6613,6614,6639,6643,6653,6657,6670,6689,6699,6704,6709],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,6615,6616,6618,6620,6622,6624,6626,6628,6630,6632,6634,6637],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,6617,1168],{"class":902},[55,6619,906],{"class":703},[55,6621,909],{"class":65},[55,6623,93],{"class":75},[55,6625,163],{"class":65},[55,6627,171],{"class":75},[55,6629,163],{"class":65},[55,6631,4890],{"class":75},[55,6633,163],{"class":65},[55,6635,6636],{"class":75}," 8",[55,6638,924],{"class":65},[55,6640,6641],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,6642,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,6644,6645,6648,6650],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,6646,6647],{"class":902},"found_even ",[55,6649,906],{"class":703},[55,6651,6652],{"class":187}," False\n",[55,6654,6655],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,6656,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,6658,6659,6661,6664,6666,6668],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,6660,6236],{"class":1193},[55,6662,6663],{"class":902}," number ",[55,6665,4168],{"class":1193},[55,6667,1196],{"class":902},[55,6669,1199],{"class":65},[55,6671,6672,6675,6677,6680,6682,6685,6687],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,6673,6674],{"class":1193},"    if",[55,6676,6663],{"class":902},[55,6678,6679],{"class":703},"%",[55,6681,166],{"class":75},[55,6683,6684],{"class":703}," ==",[55,6686,4121],{"class":75},[55,6688,1199],{"class":65},[55,6690,6691,6694,6696],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,6692,6693],{"class":902},"        found_even ",[55,6695,906],{"class":703},[55,6697,6698],{"class":187}," True\n",[55,6700,6701],{"class":57,"line":582},[55,6702,6703],{"class":1193},"        break\n",[55,6705,6707],{"class":57,"line":6706},9,[55,6708,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,6710,6712,6714,6716,6719],{"class":57,"line":6711},10,[55,6713,62],{"class":61},[55,6715,66],{"class":65},[55,6717,6718],{"class":318},"found_even",[55,6720,322],{"class":65},[14,6722,6723],{},"You can write:",[46,6725,6727],{"className":48,"code":6726,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\nprint(any(number % 2 == 0 for number in numbers))\n",[18,6728,6729,6753],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,6730,6731,6733,6735,6737,6739,6741,6743,6745,6747,6749,6751],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,6732,1168],{"class":902},[55,6734,906],{"class":703},[55,6736,909],{"class":65},[55,6738,93],{"class":75},[55,6740,163],{"class":65},[55,6742,171],{"class":75},[55,6744,163],{"class":65},[55,6746,4890],{"class":75},[55,6748,163],{"class":65},[55,6750,6636],{"class":75},[55,6752,924],{"class":65},[55,6754,6755,6757,6759,6761,6763,6765,6767,6769,6771,6773,6775,6777,6779,6781],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,6756,62],{"class":61},[55,6758,66],{"class":65},[55,6760,5637],{"class":61},[55,6762,66],{"class":65},[55,6764,2521],{"class":318},[55,6766,6679],{"class":703},[55,6768,166],{"class":75},[55,6770,6684],{"class":703},[55,6772,4121],{"class":75},[55,6774,4162],{"class":1193},[55,6776,6663],{"class":318},[55,6778,4168],{"class":1193},[55,6780,1196],{"class":318},[55,6782,79],{"class":65},[14,6784,6785,6786,6788],{},"Both work, but ",[18,6787,5471],{}," is shorter and easier to read when you only need a yes-or-no answer.",[41,6790,4803],{"id":4802},[14,6792,6793,6794,29],{},"Here are some common mistakes with ",[18,6795,5471],{},[889,6797,6799],{"id":6798},"passing-a-single-number-instead-of-an-iterable","Passing a single number instead of an iterable",[14,6801,4810],{},[46,6803,6805],{"className":48,"code":6804,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(any(5))\n",[18,6806,6807],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,6808,6809,6811,6813,6815,6817,6819],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,6810,62],{"class":61},[55,6812,66],{"class":65},[55,6814,5637],{"class":61},[55,6816,66],{"class":65},[55,6818,688],{"class":75},[55,6820,79],{"class":65},[14,6822,6823,6824,6826],{},"It causes an error because ",[18,6825,688],{}," is not iterable.",[14,6828,6829],{},"Use an iterable instead:",[46,6831,6833],{"className":48,"code":6832,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(any([5]))\n",[18,6834,6835],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,6836,6837,6839,6841,6843,6845,6847],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,6838,62],{"class":61},[55,6840,66],{"class":65},[55,6842,5637],{"class":61},[55,6844,158],{"class":65},[55,6846,688],{"class":75},[55,6848,174],{"class":65},[889,6850,6852],{"id":6851},"thinking-any-checks-whether-all-values-are-true","Thinking any() checks whether all values are True",[14,6854,6855,6857,6858,6861],{},[18,6856,5471],{}," needs only ",[435,6859,6860],{},"one"," truthy item.",[46,6863,6865],{"className":48,"code":6864,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(any([False, False, True]))\n",[18,6866,6867],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,6868,6869,6871,6873,6875,6877,6879,6881,6883,6885,6887],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,6870,62],{"class":61},[55,6872,66],{"class":65},[55,6874,5637],{"class":61},[55,6876,158],{"class":65},[55,6878,28],{"class":187},[55,6880,163],{"class":65},[55,6882,4193],{"class":187},[55,6884,163],{"class":65},[55,6886,4202],{"class":187},[55,6888,174],{"class":65},[14,6890,281],{},[46,6892,6893],{"className":48,"code":193,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,6894,6895],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,6896,6897],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,6898,193],{"class":187},[14,6900,6901,6902,6906],{},"If you need every item to be truthy, use ",[294,6903,6904],{"href":5709},[18,6905,3874],{}," instead.",[889,6908,6910],{"id":6909},"forgetting-that-non-empty-strings-are-truthy","Forgetting that non-empty strings are truthy",[14,6912,6913,6914,29],{},"A non-empty string is truthy, even if it is not ",[18,6915,6916],{},"\"True\"",[46,6918,6920],{"className":48,"code":6919,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(any([\"False\"]))\n",[18,6921,6922],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,6923,6924,6926,6928,6930,6932,6934,6936,6938],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,6925,62],{"class":61},[55,6927,66],{"class":65},[55,6929,5637],{"class":61},[55,6931,158],{"class":65},[55,6933,126],{"class":109},[55,6935,28],{"class":129},[55,6937,126],{"class":109},[55,6939,174],{"class":65},[14,6941,281],{},[46,6943,6944],{"className":48,"code":193,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,6945,6946],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,6947,6948],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,6949,193],{"class":187},[14,6951,6952,6953,1641],{},"That is because ",[18,6954,874],{},[889,6956,6958],{"id":6957},"using-a-list-comprehension-when-a-generator-expression-is-enough","Using a list comprehension when a generator expression is enough",[14,6960,6961],{},"This works:",[46,6963,6965],{"className":48,"code":6964,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any([x > 2 for x in numbers]))\n",[18,6966,6967,6987],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,6968,6969,6971,6973,6975,6977,6979,6981,6983,6985],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,6970,1168],{"class":902},[55,6972,906],{"class":703},[55,6974,909],{"class":65},[55,6976,93],{"class":75},[55,6978,163],{"class":65},[55,6980,166],{"class":75},[55,6982,163],{"class":65},[55,6984,171],{"class":75},[55,6986,924],{"class":65},[55,6988,6989,6991,6993,6995,6997,6999,7001,7003,7005,7007,7009,7011],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,6990,62],{"class":61},[55,6992,66],{"class":65},[55,6994,5637],{"class":61},[55,6996,158],{"class":65},[55,6998,3323],{"class":318},[55,7000,4538],{"class":703},[55,7002,166],{"class":75},[55,7004,4162],{"class":1193},[55,7006,4165],{"class":318},[55,7008,4168],{"class":1193},[55,7010,1196],{"class":318},[55,7012,174],{"class":65},[14,7014,7015],{},"But this is usually better:",[46,7017,7019],{"className":48,"code":7018,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any(x > 2 for x in numbers))\n",[18,7020,7021,7041],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,7022,7023,7025,7027,7029,7031,7033,7035,7037,7039],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,7024,1168],{"class":902},[55,7026,906],{"class":703},[55,7028,909],{"class":65},[55,7030,93],{"class":75},[55,7032,163],{"class":65},[55,7034,166],{"class":75},[55,7036,163],{"class":65},[55,7038,171],{"class":75},[55,7040,924],{"class":65},[55,7042,7043,7045,7047,7049,7051,7053,7055,7057,7059,7061,7063,7065],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,7044,62],{"class":61},[55,7046,66],{"class":65},[55,7048,5637],{"class":61},[55,7050,66],{"class":65},[55,7052,3323],{"class":318},[55,7054,4538],{"class":703},[55,7056,166],{"class":75},[55,7058,4162],{"class":1193},[55,7060,4165],{"class":318},[55,7062,4168],{"class":1193},[55,7064,1196],{"class":318},[55,7066,79],{"class":65},[14,7068,7069],{},"The second version avoids creating an unnecessary list.",[41,7071,2139],{"id":2138},[889,7073,7075],{"id":7074},"what-does-any-return-in-python","What does any() return in Python?",[14,7077,2157,7078,7080,7081,29],{},[18,7079,24],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy. Otherwise it returns ",[18,7082,28],{},[889,7084,7086],{"id":7085},"what-happens-if-the-iterable-is-empty","What happens if the iterable is empty?",[14,7088,7089,1265,7091,7093],{},[18,7090,5471],{},[18,7092,28],{}," for an empty iterable.",[889,7095,7097],{"id":7096},"what-is-the-difference-between-any-and-all","What is the difference between any() and all()?",[14,7099,7100,7102,7103,7105],{},[18,7101,5471],{}," needs one truthy item. ",[18,7104,3874],{}," needs every item to be truthy.",[889,7107,7109],{"id":7108},"can-i-use-any-with-a-condition","Can I use any() with a condition?",[14,7111,7112],{},"Yes. A common pattern 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dict() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":9150,"toc":11307},[9151,9157,9163,9170,9175,9186,9193,9302,9306,9375,9380,9385,9390,9393,9404,9409,9412,9423,9430,9432,9437,9441,9466,9470,9479,9483,9546,9550,9583,9587,9632,9636,9673,9677,9680,9736,9740,9786,9789,9794,9833,9837,9860,9863,9877,9890,9894,9899,9966,9970,10006,10009,10017,10020,10084,10088,10120,10126,10128,10188,10195,10198,10276,10280,10313,10317,10320,10364,10368,10404,10407,10424,10427,10430,10483,10486,10497,10504,10513,10516,10574,10578,10619,10627,10635,10641,10649,10661,10666,10677,10750,10753,10765,10781,10785,10790,10794,10796,10839,10845,10848,10911,10915,10918,10927,10932,10969,10973,10976,10984,10987,11026,11030,11033,11084,11088,11109,11116,11118,11124,11151,11154,11209,11212,11223,11225,11232,11240,11246,11251,11258,11261,11268,11275,11277,11304],[10,9152,3871,9154,3875],{"id":9153},"python-dict-function-explained",[18,9155,9156],{},"dict()",[14,9158,9159,9160,9162],{},"The built-in ",[18,9161,9156],{}," function 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You use it when you want to connect one piece of data to another, such as a name to an age or a product to a price.",[14,9171,9172,9174],{},[18,9173,9156],{}," is commonly used to:",[240,9176,9177,9180,9183],{},[243,9178,9179],{},"create an empty dictionary",[243,9181,9182],{},"convert key-value pairs into a dictionary",[243,9184,9185],{},"build a dictionary from keyword arguments",[14,9187,9188,9189,29],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, see ",[294,9190,9192],{"href":9191},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained\u002F","Python dictionaries explained",[46,9194,9196],{"className":48,"code":9195,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n\npairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\nprint(dict(pairs))\n",[18,9197,9198,9233,9244,9248,9287],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,9199,9200,9203,9205,9208,9210,9213,9215,9217,9219,9221,9223,9226,9228,9231],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,9201,9202],{"class":902},"data ",[55,9204,906],{"class":703},[55,9206,9207],{"class":69}," 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[(",[55,9259,1923],{"class":109},[55,9261,294],{"class":129},[55,9263,1923],{"class":109},[55,9265,163],{"class":65},[55,9267,5782],{"class":75},[55,9269,9270],{"class":65},"),",[55,9272,9273],{"class":65}," (",[55,9275,1923],{"class":109},[55,9277,5046],{"class":129},[55,9279,1923],{"class":109},[55,9281,163],{"class":65},[55,9283,166],{"class":75},[55,9285,9286],{"class":65},")]\n",[55,9288,9289,9291,9293,9295,9297,9300],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,9290,62],{"class":61},[55,9292,66],{"class":65},[55,9294,1975],{"class":69},[55,9296,66],{"class":65},[55,9298,9299],{"class":318},"pairs",[55,9301,79],{"class":65},[14,9303,9304],{},[435,9305,281],{},[46,9307,9309],{"className":48,"code":9308,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[18,9310,9311,9347],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,9312,9313,9316,9318,9320,9322,9324,9326,9328,9330,9332,9334,9337,9339,9341,9344],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,9314,9315],{"class":65},"{",[55,9317,1923],{"class":109},[55,9319,785],{"class":129},[55,9321,1923],{"class":109},[55,9323,790],{"class":65},[55,9325,1918],{"class":109},[55,9327,5290],{"class":129},[55,9329,1923],{"class":109},[55,9331,163],{"class":65},[55,9333,1918],{"class":109},[55,9335,9336],{"class":129},"age",[55,9338,1923],{"class":109},[55,9340,790],{"class":65},[55,9342,9343],{"class":75}," 25",[55,9345,9346],{"class":65},"}\n",[55,9348,9349,9351,9353,9355,9357,9359,9361,9363,9365,9367,9369,9371,9373],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,9350,9315],{"class":65},[55,9352,1923],{"class":109},[55,9354,294],{"class":129},[55,9356,1923],{"class":109},[55,9358,790],{"class":65},[55,9360,5782],{"class":75},[55,9362,163],{"class":65},[55,9364,1918],{"class":109},[55,9366,5046],{"class":129},[55,9368,1923],{"class":109},[55,9370,790],{"class":65},[55,9372,166],{"class":75},[55,9374,9346],{"class":65},[14,9376,212,9377,9379],{},[18,9378,9156],{}," to create a dictionary from keyword arguments or from key-value pairs.",[41,9381,3970,9383,3973],{"id":9382},"what-dict-does",[18,9384,9156],{},[14,9386,9387,9389],{},[18,9388,9156],{}," creates a new dictionary object.",[14,9391,9392],{},"A dictionary:",[240,9394,9395,9398,9401],{},[243,9396,9397],{},"stores data in key-value pairs",[243,9399,9400],{},"lets you look up values by key",[243,9402,9403],{},"is one of the most common Python data types",[14,9405,9406,9408],{},[18,9407,9156],{}," is a built-in Python function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[14,9410,9411],{},"Common uses include:",[240,9413,9414,9417,9420],{},[243,9415,9416],{},"making an empty dictionary",[243,9418,9419],{},"converting pairs into a dictionary",[243,9421,9422],{},"building a dictionary from keyword arguments",[14,9424,9425,9426,29],{},"If you want a broader introduction to dictionary creation, see ",[294,9427,9429],{"href":9428},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary\u002F","creating a dictionary in Python",[41,9431,2460],{"id":2459},[14,9433,9434,9436],{},[18,9435,9156],{}," can be used in a few different ways.",[889,9438,9440],{"id":9439},"create-an-empty-dictionary","Create an empty dictionary",[46,9442,9444],{"className":48,"code":9443,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = dict()\nprint(data)\n",[18,9445,9446,9456],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,9447,9448,9450,9452,9454],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,9449,9202],{"class":902},[55,9451,906],{"class":703},[55,9453,9207],{"class":69},[55,9455,1789],{"class":65},[55,9457,9458,9460,9462,9464],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,9459,62],{"class":61},[55,9461,66],{"class":65},[55,9463,9241],{"class":318},[55,9465,322],{"class":65},[14,9467,9468],{},[435,9469,281],{},[46,9471,9473],{"className":48,"code":9472,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{}\n",[18,9474,9475],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,9476,9477],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,9478,9472],{"class":65},[889,9480,9482],{"id":9481},"create-a-dictionary-from-pairs","Create a dictionary from pairs",[46,9484,9486],{"className":48,"code":9485,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[18,9487,9488,9522,9536],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,9489,9490,9492,9494,9496,9498,9500,9502,9504,9506,9508,9510,9512,9514,9516,9518,9520],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,9491,9252],{"class":902},[55,9493,906],{"class":703},[55,9495,9257],{"class":65},[55,9497,1923],{"class":109},[55,9499,294],{"class":129},[55,9501,1923],{"class":109},[55,9503,163],{"class":65},[55,9505,5782],{"class":75},[55,9507,9270],{"class":65},[55,9509,9273],{"class":65},[55,9511,1923],{"class":109},[55,9513,5046],{"class":129},[55,9515,1923],{"class":109},[55,9517,163],{"class":65},[55,9519,166],{"class":75},[55,9521,9286],{"class":65},[55,9523,9524,9526,9528,9530,9532,9534],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,9525,9202],{"class":902},[55,9527,906],{"class":703},[55,9529,9207],{"class":69},[55,9531,66],{"class":65},[55,9533,9299],{"class":318},[55,9535,322],{"class":65},[55,9537,9538,9540,9542,9544],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,9539,62],{"class":61},[55,9541,66],{"class":65},[55,9543,9241],{"class":318},[55,9545,322],{"class":65},[14,9547,9548],{},[435,9549,281],{},[46,9551,9553],{"className":48,"code":9552,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[18,9554,9555],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,9556,9557,9559,9561,9563,9565,9567,9569,9571,9573,9575,9577,9579,9581],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,9558,9315],{"class":65},[55,9560,1923],{"class":109},[55,9562,294],{"class":129},[55,9564,1923],{"class":109},[55,9566,790],{"class":65},[55,9568,5782],{"class":75},[55,9570,163],{"class":65},[55,9572,1918],{"class":109},[55,9574,5046],{"class":129},[55,9576,1923],{"class":109},[55,9578,790],{"class":65},[55,9580,166],{"class":75},[55,9582,9346],{"class":65},[889,9584,9586],{"id":9585},"create-a-dictionary-from-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary from keyword arguments",[46,9588,9590],{"className":48,"code":9589,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n",[18,9591,9592,9622],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,9593,9594,9596,9598,9600,9602,9604,9606,9608,9610,9612,9614,9616,9618,9620],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,9595,9202],{"class":902},[55,9597,906],{"class":703},[55,9599,9207],{"class":69},[55,9601,66],{"class":65},[55,9603,785],{"class":9212},[55,9605,906],{"class":703},[55,9607,1923],{"class":109},[55,9609,5290],{"class":129},[55,9611,1923],{"class":109},[55,9613,163],{"class":65},[55,9615,9225],{"class":9212},[55,9617,906],{"class":703},[55,9619,9230],{"class":75},[55,9621,322],{"class":65},[55,9623,9624,9626,9628,9630],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,9625,62],{"class":61},[55,9627,66],{"class":65},[55,9629,9241],{"class":318},[55,9631,322],{"class":65},[14,9633,9634],{},[435,9635,281],{},[46,9637,9639],{"className":48,"code":9638,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n",[18,9640,9641],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,9642,9643,9645,9647,9649,9651,9653,9655,9657,9659,9661,9663,9665,9667,9669,9671],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,9644,9315],{"class":65},[55,9646,1923],{"class":109},[55,9648,785],{"class":129},[55,9650,1923],{"class":109},[55,9652,790],{"class":65},[55,9654,1918],{"class":109},[55,9656,5290],{"class":129},[55,9658,1923],{"class":109},[55,9660,163],{"class":65},[55,9662,1918],{"class":109},[55,9664,9336],{"class":129},[55,9666,1923],{"class":109},[55,9668,790],{"class":65},[55,9670,9343],{"class":75},[55,9672,9346],{"class":65},[889,9674,9676],{"id":9675},"combine-pairs-or-a-mapping-with-keyword-arguments","Combine pairs or a mapping with keyword arguments",[14,9678,9679],{},"You can also start with existing data and add more values:",[46,9681,9683],{"className":48,"code":9682,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = dict([('a', 1)], b=2, c=3)\nprint(data)\n",[18,9684,9685,9726],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,9686,9687,9689,9691,9693,9696,9698,9700,9702,9704,9706,9709,9711,9713,9715,9717,9720,9722,9724],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,9688,9202],{"class":902},[55,9690,906],{"class":703},[55,9692,9207],{"class":69},[55,9694,9695],{"class":65},"([(",[55,9697,1923],{"class":109},[55,9699,294],{"class":129},[55,9701,1923],{"class":109},[55,9703,163],{"class":65},[55,9705,5782],{"class":75},[55,9707,9708],{"class":65},")],",[55,9710,2862],{"class":9212},[55,9712,906],{"class":703},[55,9714,707],{"class":75},[55,9716,163],{"class":65},[55,9718,9719],{"class":9212}," c",[55,9721,906],{"class":703},[55,9723,2366],{"class":75},[55,9725,322],{"class":65},[55,9727,9728,9730,9732,9734],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,9729,62],{"class":61},[55,9731,66],{"class":65},[55,9733,9241],{"class":318},[55,9735,322],{"class":65},[14,9737,9738],{},[435,9739,281],{},[46,9741,9743],{"className":48,"code":9742,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}\n",[18,9744,9745],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,9746,9747,9749,9751,9753,9755,9757,9759,9761,9763,9765,9767,9769,9771,9773,9775,9778,9780,9782,9784],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,9748,9315],{"class":65},[55,9750,1923],{"class":109},[55,9752,294],{"class":129},[55,9754,1923],{"class":109},[55,9756,790],{"class":65},[55,9758,5782],{"class":75},[55,9760,163],{"class":65},[55,9762,1918],{"class":109},[55,9764,5046],{"class":129},[55,9766,1923],{"class":109},[55,9768,790],{"class":65},[55,9770,166],{"class":75},[55,9772,163],{"class":65},[55,9774,1918],{"class":109},[55,9776,9777],{"class":129},"c",[55,9779,1923],{"class":109},[55,9781,790],{"class":65},[55,9783,171],{"class":75},[55,9785,9346],{"class":65},[41,9787,9440],{"id":9788},"create-an-empty-dictionary-1",[14,9790,212,9791,9793],{},[18,9792,9156],{}," when you want a clear function-style way to create an empty dictionary.",[46,9795,9797],{"className":48,"code":9796,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = dict()\nprint(type(data))\nprint(data)\n",[18,9798,9799,9809,9823],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,9800,9801,9803,9805,9807],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,9802,9202],{"class":902},[55,9804,906],{"class":703},[55,9806,9207],{"class":69},[55,9808,1789],{"class":65},[55,9810,9811,9813,9815,9817,9819,9821],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,9812,62],{"class":61},[55,9814,66],{"class":65},[55,9816,1879],{"class":69},[55,9818,66],{"class":65},[55,9820,9241],{"class":318},[55,9822,79],{"class":65},[55,9824,9825,9827,9829,9831],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,9826,62],{"class":61},[55,9828,66],{"class":65},[55,9830,9241],{"class":318},[55,9832,322],{"class":65},[14,9834,9835],{},[435,9836,281],{},[46,9838,9840],{"className":48,"code":9839,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n{}\n",[18,9841,9842,9856],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,9843,9844,9846,9848,9850,9852,9854],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,9845,1911],{"class":703},[55,9847,1915],{"class":1914},[55,9849,1918],{"class":109},[55,9851,1975],{"class":129},[55,9853,1923],{"class":109},[55,9855,1926],{"class":703},[55,9857,9858],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,9859,9472],{"class":65},[14,9861,9862],{},"This gives the same result as:",[46,9864,9866],{"className":48,"code":9865,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {}\n",[18,9867,9868],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,9869,9870,9872,9874],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,9871,9202],{"class":902},[55,9873,906],{"class":703},[55,9875,9876],{"class":65}," {}\n",[14,9878,9879,9880,9882,9883,9886,9887,9889],{},"For empty dictionaries, ",[18,9881,471],{}," is more common because it is shorter.",[9884,9885],"br",{},"\nStill, ",[18,9888,9156],{}," is useful to know because it can do more than just create an empty dictionary.",[41,9891,9893],{"id":9892},"create-a-dictionary-from-key-value-pairs","Create a dictionary from key-value pairs",[14,9895,9896,9897,29],{},"You can pass an iterable of 2-item pairs to ",[18,9898,9156],{},[46,9900,9902],{"className":48,"code":9901,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"pairs = [('name', 'Alice'), ('age', 25)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[18,9903,9904,9942,9956],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,9905,9906,9908,9910,9912,9914,9916,9918,9920,9922,9924,9926,9928,9930,9932,9934,9936,9938,9940],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,9907,9252],{"class":902},[55,9909,906],{"class":703},[55,9911,9257],{"class":65},[55,9913,1923],{"class":109},[55,9915,785],{"class":129},[55,9917,1923],{"class":109},[55,9919,163],{"class":65},[55,9921,1918],{"class":109},[55,9923,5290],{"class":129},[55,9925,1923],{"class":109},[55,9927,9270],{"class":65},[55,9929,9273],{"class":65},[55,9931,1923],{"class":109},[55,9933,9336],{"class":129},[55,9935,1923],{"class":109},[55,9937,163],{"class":65},[55,9939,9343],{"class":75},[55,9941,9286],{"class":65},[55,9943,9944,9946,9948,9950,9952,9954],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,9945,9202],{"class":902},[55,9947,906],{"class":703},[55,9949,9207],{"class":69},[55,9951,66],{"class":65},[55,9953,9299],{"class":318},[55,9955,322],{"class":65},[55,9957,9958,9960,9962,9964],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,9959,62],{"class":61},[55,9961,66],{"class":65},[55,9963,9241],{"class":318},[55,9965,322],{"class":65},[14,9967,9968],{},[435,9969,281],{},[46,9971,9972],{"className":48,"code":9638,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,9973,9974],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,9975,9976,9978,9980,9982,9984,9986,9988,9990,9992,9994,9996,9998,10000,10002,10004],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,9977,9315],{"class":65},[55,9979,1923],{"class":109},[55,9981,785],{"class":129},[55,9983,1923],{"class":109},[55,9985,790],{"class":65},[55,9987,1918],{"class":109},[55,9989,5290],{"class":129},[55,9991,1923],{"class":109},[55,9993,163],{"class":65},[55,9995,1918],{"class":109},[55,9997,9336],{"class":129},[55,9999,1923],{"class":109},[55,10001,790],{"class":65},[55,10003,9343],{"class":75},[55,10005,9346],{"class":65},[14,10007,10008],{},"Each pair becomes:",[240,10010,10011,10014],{},[243,10012,10013],{},"the first item as the key",[243,10015,10016],{},"the second item as the value",[14,10018,10019],{},"For example, this also works with tuples:",[46,10021,10023],{"className":48,"code":10022,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"pairs = (('a', 1), ('b', 2))\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[18,10024,10025,10060,10074],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,10026,10027,10029,10031,10034,10036,10038,10040,10042,10044,10046,10048,10050,10052,10054,10056,10058],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,10028,9252],{"class":902},[55,10030,906],{"class":703},[55,10032,10033],{"class":65}," ((",[55,10035,1923],{"class":109},[55,10037,294],{"class":129},[55,10039,1923],{"class":109},[55,10041,163],{"class":65},[55,10043,5782],{"class":75},[55,10045,9270],{"class":65},[55,10047,9273],{"class":65},[55,10049,1923],{"class":109},[55,10051,5046],{"class":129},[55,10053,1923],{"class":109},[55,10055,163],{"class":65},[55,10057,166],{"class":75},[55,10059,79],{"class":65},[55,10061,10062,10064,10066,10068,10070,10072],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,10063,9202],{"class":902},[55,10065,906],{"class":703},[55,10067,9207],{"class":69},[55,10069,66],{"class":65},[55,10071,9299],{"class":318},[55,10073,322],{"class":65},[55,10075,10076,10078,10080,10082],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,10077,62],{"class":61},[55,10079,66],{"class":65},[55,10081,9241],{"class":318},[55,10083,322],{"class":65},[14,10085,10086],{},[435,10087,281],{},[46,10089,10090],{"className":48,"code":9552,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,10091,10092],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,10093,10094,10096,10098,10100,10102,10104,10106,10108,10110,10112,10114,10116,10118],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,10095,9315],{"class":65},[55,10097,1923],{"class":109},[55,10099,294],{"class":129},[55,10101,1923],{"class":109},[55,10103,790],{"class":65},[55,10105,5782],{"class":75},[55,10107,163],{"class":65},[55,10109,1918],{"class":109},[55,10111,5046],{"class":129},[55,10113,1923],{"class":109},[55,10115,790],{"class":65},[55,10117,166],{"class":75},[55,10119,9346],{"class":65},[14,10121,10122,10123,29],{},"Each item must contain ",[435,10124,10125],{},"exactly two elements",[14,10127,3139],{},[46,10129,10131],{"className":48,"code":10130,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"bad_data = [('a', 1, 100), ('b', 2)]\nresult = dict(bad_data)\n",[18,10132,10133,10173],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,10134,10135,10138,10140,10142,10144,10146,10148,10150,10152,10154,10157,10159,10161,10163,10165,10167,10169,10171],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,10136,10137],{"class":902},"bad_data ",[55,10139,906],{"class":703},[55,10141,9257],{"class":65},[55,10143,1923],{"class":109},[55,10145,294],{"class":129},[55,10147,1923],{"class":109},[55,10149,163],{"class":65},[55,10151,5782],{"class":75},[55,10153,163],{"class":65},[55,10155,10156],{"class":75}," 100",[55,10158,9270],{"class":65},[55,10160,9273],{"class":65},[55,10162,1923],{"class":109},[55,10164,5046],{"class":129},[55,10166,1923],{"class":109},[55,10168,163],{"class":65},[55,10170,166],{"class":75},[55,10172,9286],{"class":65},[55,10174,10175,10177,10179,10181,10183,10186],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,10176,2534],{"class":902},[55,10178,906],{"class":703},[55,10180,9207],{"class":69},[55,10182,66],{"class":65},[55,10184,10185],{"class":318},"bad_data",[55,10187,322],{"class":65},[14,10189,10190,10191,10194],{},"Python raises an error because ",[18,10192,10193],{},"('a', 1, 100)"," has three values, not two.",[14,10196,10197],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the later value replaces the earlier one:",[46,10199,10201],{"className":48,"code":10200,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('a', 99), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[18,10202,10203,10252,10266],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,10204,10205,10207,10209,10211,10213,10215,10217,10219,10221,10223,10225,10227,10229,10231,10233,10236,10238,10240,10242,10244,10246,10248,10250],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,10206,9252],{"class":902},[55,10208,906],{"class":703},[55,10210,9257],{"class":65},[55,10212,1923],{"class":109},[55,10214,294],{"class":129},[55,10216,1923],{"class":109},[55,10218,163],{"class":65},[55,10220,5782],{"class":75},[55,10222,9270],{"class":65},[55,10224,9273],{"class":65},[55,10226,1923],{"class":109},[55,10228,294],{"class":129},[55,10230,1923],{"class":109},[55,10232,163],{"class":65},[55,10234,10235],{"class":75}," 99",[55,10237,9270],{"class":65},[55,10239,9273],{"class":65},[55,10241,1923],{"class":109},[55,10243,5046],{"class":129},[55,10245,1923],{"class":109},[55,10247,163],{"class":65},[55,10249,166],{"class":75},[55,10251,9286],{"class":65},[55,10253,10254,10256,10258,10260,10262,10264],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,10255,9202],{"class":902},[55,10257,906],{"class":703},[55,10259,9207],{"class":69},[55,10261,66],{"class":65},[55,10263,9299],{"class":318},[55,10265,322],{"class":65},[55,10267,10268,10270,10272,10274],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,10269,62],{"class":61},[55,10271,66],{"class":65},[55,10273,9241],{"class":318},[55,10275,322],{"class":65},[14,10277,10278],{},[435,10279,281],{},[46,10281,10283],{"className":48,"code":10282,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'a': 99, 'b': 2}\n",[18,10284,10285],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,10286,10287,10289,10291,10293,10295,10297,10299,10301,10303,10305,10307,10309,10311],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,10288,9315],{"class":65},[55,10290,1923],{"class":109},[55,10292,294],{"class":129},[55,10294,1923],{"class":109},[55,10296,790],{"class":65},[55,10298,10235],{"class":75},[55,10300,163],{"class":65},[55,10302,1918],{"class":109},[55,10304,5046],{"class":129},[55,10306,1923],{"class":109},[55,10308,790],{"class":65},[55,10310,166],{"class":75},[55,10312,9346],{"class":65},[41,10314,10316],{"id":10315},"create-a-dictionary-with-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary with keyword arguments",[14,10318,10319],{},"You can also build a dictionary using keyword arguments:",[46,10321,10322],{"className":48,"code":9589,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,10323,10324,10354],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,10325,10326,10328,10330,10332,10334,10336,10338,10340,10342,10344,10346,10348,10350,10352],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,10327,9202],{"class":902},[55,10329,906],{"class":703},[55,10331,9207],{"class":69},[55,10333,66],{"class":65},[55,10335,785],{"class":9212},[55,10337,906],{"class":703},[55,10339,1923],{"class":109},[55,10341,5290],{"class":129},[55,10343,1923],{"class":109},[55,10345,163],{"class":65},[55,10347,9225],{"class":9212},[55,10349,906],{"class":703},[55,10351,9230],{"class":75},[55,10353,322],{"class":65},[55,10355,10356,10358,10360,10362],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,10357,62],{"class":61},[55,10359,66],{"class":65},[55,10361,9241],{"class":318},[55,10363,322],{"class":65},[14,10365,10366],{},[435,10367,281],{},[46,10369,10370],{"className":48,"code":9638,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,10371,10372],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,10373,10374,10376,10378,10380,10382,10384,10386,10388,10390,10392,10394,10396,10398,10400,10402],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,10375,9315],{"class":65},[55,10377,1923],{"class":109},[55,10379,785],{"class":129},[55,10381,1923],{"class":109},[55,10383,790],{"class":65},[55,10385,1918],{"class":109},[55,10387,5290],{"class":129},[55,10389,1923],{"class":109},[55,10391,163],{"class":65},[55,10393,1918],{"class":109},[55,10395,9336],{"class":129},[55,10397,1923],{"class":109},[55,10399,790],{"class":65},[55,10401,9343],{"class":75},[55,10403,9346],{"class":65},[14,10405,10406],{},"In this form:",[240,10408,10409,10417],{},[243,10410,10411,10413,10414],{},[18,10412,785],{}," becomes the string key ",[18,10415,10416],{},"'name'",[243,10418,10419,10413,10421],{},[18,10420,9336],{},[18,10422,10423],{},"'age'",[14,10425,10426],{},"This only works when the key names are valid Python identifiers.",[14,10428,10429],{},"Valid examples:",[46,10431,10433],{"className":48,"code":10432,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = dict(city='Paris', country='France')\nprint(data)\n",[18,10434,10435,10473],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,10436,10437,10439,10441,10443,10445,10448,10450,10452,10455,10457,10459,10462,10464,10466,10469,10471],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,10438,9202],{"class":902},[55,10440,906],{"class":703},[55,10442,9207],{"class":69},[55,10444,66],{"class":65},[55,10446,10447],{"class":9212},"city",[55,10449,906],{"class":703},[55,10451,1923],{"class":109},[55,10453,10454],{"class":129},"Paris",[55,10456,1923],{"class":109},[55,10458,163],{"class":65},[55,10460,10461],{"class":9212}," country",[55,10463,906],{"class":703},[55,10465,1923],{"class":109},[55,10467,10468],{"class":129},"France",[55,10470,1923],{"class":109},[55,10472,322],{"class":65},[55,10474,10475,10477,10479,10481],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,10476,62],{"class":61},[55,10478,66],{"class":65},[55,10480,9241],{"class":318},[55,10482,322],{"class":65},[14,10484,10485],{},"Invalid key names include ones with:",[240,10487,10488,10491,10494],{},[243,10489,10490],{},"spaces",[243,10492,10493],{},"hyphens",[243,10495,10496],{},"names that start with numbers",[14,10498,10499,10500,10503],{},"For example, this is ",[435,10501,10502],{},"not valid"," syntax:",[46,10505,10507],{"className":48,"code":10506,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"# dict(first-name='Sam')\n",[18,10508,10509],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,10510,10511],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,10512,10506],{"class":3956},[14,10514,10515],{},"If you need keys like that, use normal dictionary syntax instead:",[46,10517,10519],{"className":48,"code":10518,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[18,10520,10521,10564],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,10522,10523,10525,10527,10530,10532,10535,10537,10539,10541,10543,10545,10547,10549,10552,10554,10556,10558,10560,10562],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,10524,9202],{"class":902},[55,10526,906],{"class":703},[55,10528,10529],{"class":65}," {",[55,10531,1923],{"class":109},[55,10533,10534],{"class":129},"first-name",[55,10536,1923],{"class":109},[55,10538,790],{"class":65},[55,10540,1918],{"class":109},[55,10542,796],{"class":129},[55,10544,1923],{"class":109},[55,10546,163],{"class":65},[55,10548,1918],{"class":109},[55,10550,10551],{"class":129},"first name",[55,10553,1923],{"class":109},[55,10555,790],{"class":65},[55,10557,1918],{"class":109},[55,10559,796],{"class":129},[55,10561,1923],{"class":109},[55,10563,9346],{"class":65},[55,10565,10566,10568,10570,10572],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,10567,62],{"class":61},[55,10569,66],{"class":65},[55,10571,9241],{"class":318},[55,10573,322],{"class":65},[14,10575,10576],{},[435,10577,281],{},[46,10579,10581],{"className":48,"code":10580,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\n",[18,10582,10583],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,10584,10585,10587,10589,10591,10593,10595,10597,10599,10601,10603,10605,10607,10609,10611,10613,10615,10617],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,10586,9315],{"class":65},[55,10588,1923],{"class":109},[55,10590,10534],{"class":129},[55,10592,1923],{"class":109},[55,10594,790],{"class":65},[55,10596,1918],{"class":109},[55,10598,796],{"class":129},[55,10600,1923],{"class":109},[55,10602,163],{"class":65},[55,10604,1918],{"class":109},[55,10606,10551],{"class":129},[55,10608,1923],{"class":109},[55,10610,790],{"class":65},[55,10612,1918],{"class":109},[55,10614,796],{"class":129},[55,10616,1923],{"class":109},[55,10618,9346],{"class":65},[41,10620,10622,10624,10625],{"id":10621},"dict-vs",[18,10623,9156],{}," vs ",[18,10626,471],{},[14,10628,10629,10630,4679,10632,10634],{},"Both ",[18,10631,9156],{},[18,10633,471],{}," create dictionaries, but they are used in slightly different situations.",[889,10636,212,10638,10640],{"id":10637},"use-when",[18,10639,471],{}," when:",[240,10642,10643,10646],{},[243,10644,10645],{},"you want an empty dictionary",[243,10647,10648],{},"you want the shortest and most common syntax",[46,10650,10651],{"className":48,"code":9865,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,10652,10653],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,10654,10655,10657,10659],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,10656,9202],{"class":902},[55,10658,906],{"class":703},[55,10660,9876],{"class":65},[889,10662,212,10664,10640],{"id":10663},"use-dict-when",[18,10665,9156],{},[240,10667,10668,10671,10674],{},[243,10669,10670],{},"you want to convert existing key-value pairs into a dictionary",[243,10672,10673],{},"you want to use keyword arguments",[243,10675,10676],{},"the function form makes the code easier to read",[46,10678,10680],{"className":48,"code":10679,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = dict([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\ninfo = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\n",[18,10681,10682,10719],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,10683,10684,10686,10688,10690,10692,10694,10696,10698,10700,10702,10704,10706,10708,10710,10712,10714,10716],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,10685,9202],{"class":902},[55,10687,906],{"class":703},[55,10689,9207],{"class":69},[55,10691,9695],{"class":65},[55,10693,1923],{"class":109},[55,10695,294],{"class":129},[55,10697,1923],{"class":109},[55,10699,163],{"class":65},[55,10701,5782],{"class":75},[55,10703,9270],{"class":65},[55,10705,9273],{"class":65},[55,10707,1923],{"class":109},[55,10709,5046],{"class":129},[55,10711,1923],{"class":109},[55,10713,163],{"class":65},[55,10715,166],{"class":75},[55,10717,10718],{"class":65},")])\n",[55,10720,10721,10724,10726,10728,10730,10732,10734,10736,10738,10740,10742,10744,10746,10748],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,10722,10723],{"class":902},"info ",[55,10725,906],{"class":703},[55,10727,9207],{"class":69},[55,10729,66],{"class":65},[55,10731,785],{"class":9212},[55,10733,906],{"class":703},[55,10735,1923],{"class":109},[55,10737,5290],{"class":129},[55,10739,1923],{"class":109},[55,10741,163],{"class":65},[55,10743,9225],{"class":9212},[55,10745,906],{"class":703},[55,10747,9230],{"class":75},[55,10749,322],{"class":65},[14,10751,10752],{},"So:",[240,10754,10755,10760],{},[243,10756,10757,10759],{},[18,10758,471],{}," is shorter for an empty dictionary",[243,10761,10762,10764],{},[18,10763,9156],{}," is more flexible when building a dictionary from other data",[14,10766,10767,10768,10772,10773,29],{},"After creating a dictionary, you may want to ",[294,10769,10771],{"href":10770},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","add a key to a dictionary in Python"," or safely read values with the ",[294,10774,10776,10777,10780],{"href":10775},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method\u002F","Python dictionary ",[18,10778,10779],{},"get()"," method",[41,10782,10784],{"id":10783},"common-errors-and-limits","Common errors and limits",[14,10786,10787,10788,29],{},"Here are the most common problems beginners run into with ",[18,10789,9156],{},[889,10791,10793],{"id":10792},"passing-items-that-are-not-2-value-pairs","Passing items that are not 2-value pairs",[14,10795,4810],{},[46,10797,10799],{"className":48,"code":10798,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = ['a', 'b']\ndata = dict(items)\n",[18,10800,10801,10825],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,10802,10803,10805,10807,10809,10811,10813,10815,10817,10819,10821,10823],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,10804,903],{"class":902},[55,10806,906],{"class":703},[55,10808,909],{"class":65},[55,10810,1923],{"class":109},[55,10812,294],{"class":129},[55,10814,1923],{"class":109},[55,10816,163],{"class":65},[55,10818,1918],{"class":109},[55,10820,5046],{"class":129},[55,10822,1923],{"class":109},[55,10824,924],{"class":65},[55,10826,10827,10829,10831,10833,10835,10837],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,10828,9202],{"class":902},[55,10830,906],{"class":703},[55,10832,9207],{"class":69},[55,10834,66],{"class":65},[55,10836,937],{"class":318},[55,10838,322],{"class":65},[14,10840,10841,10842,29],{},"This fails because each item must be a pair like ",[18,10843,10844],{},"('a', 1)",[14,10846,10847],{},"Correct version:",[46,10849,10851],{"className":48,"code":10850,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(items)\nprint(data)\n",[18,10852,10853,10887,10901],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,10854,10855,10857,10859,10861,10863,10865,10867,10869,10871,10873,10875,10877,10879,10881,10883,10885],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,10856,903],{"class":902},[55,10858,906],{"class":703},[55,10860,9257],{"class":65},[55,10862,1923],{"class":109},[55,10864,294],{"class":129},[55,10866,1923],{"class":109},[55,10868,163],{"class":65},[55,10870,5782],{"class":75},[55,10872,9270],{"class":65},[55,10874,9273],{"class":65},[55,10876,1923],{"class":109},[55,10878,5046],{"class":129},[55,10880,1923],{"class":109},[55,10882,163],{"class":65},[55,10884,166],{"class":75},[55,10886,9286],{"class":65},[55,10888,10889,10891,10893,10895,10897,10899],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,10890,9202],{"class":902},[55,10892,906],{"class":703},[55,10894,9207],{"class":69},[55,10896,66],{"class":65},[55,10898,937],{"class":318},[55,10900,322],{"class":65},[55,10902,10903,10905,10907,10909],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,10904,62],{"class":61},[55,10906,66],{"class":65},[55,10908,9241],{"class":318},[55,10910,322],{"class":65},[889,10912,10914],{"id":10913},"using-invalid-keyword-syntax","Using invalid keyword syntax",[14,10916,10917],{},"This is not valid Python syntax:",[46,10919,10921],{"className":48,"code":10920,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"# dict(name: 'Alice')\n",[18,10922,10923],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,10924,10925],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,10926,10920],{"class":3956},[14,10928,10929,10930,790],{},"Keyword arguments must use ",[18,10931,906],{},[46,10933,10935],{"className":48,"code":10934,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = dict(name='Alice')\nprint(data)\n",[18,10936,10937,10959],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,10938,10939,10941,10943,10945,10947,10949,10951,10953,10955,10957],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,10940,9202],{"class":902},[55,10942,906],{"class":703},[55,10944,9207],{"class":69},[55,10946,66],{"class":65},[55,10948,785],{"class":9212},[55,10950,906],{"class":703},[55,10952,1923],{"class":109},[55,10954,5290],{"class":129},[55,10956,1923],{"class":109},[55,10958,322],{"class":65},[55,10960,10961,10963,10965,10967],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,10962,62],{"class":61},[55,10964,66],{"class":65},[55,10966,9241],{"class":318},[55,10968,322],{"class":65},[889,10970,10972],{"id":10971},"using-key-names-that-are-not-valid-identifiers","Using key names that are not valid identifiers",[14,10974,10975],{},"This will not work:",[46,10977,10978],{"className":48,"code":10506,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,10979,10980],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,10981,10982],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,10983,10506],{"class":3956},[14,10985,10986],{},"Use standard dictionary syntax instead:",[46,10988,10990],{"className":48,"code":10989,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[18,10991,10992,11016],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,10993,10994,10996,10998,11000,11002,11004,11006,11008,11010,11012,11014],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,10995,9202],{"class":902},[55,10997,906],{"class":703},[55,10999,10529],{"class":65},[55,11001,1923],{"class":109},[55,11003,10534],{"class":129},[55,11005,1923],{"class":109},[55,11007,790],{"class":65},[55,11009,1918],{"class":109},[55,11011,796],{"class":129},[55,11013,1923],{"class":109},[55,11015,9346],{"class":65},[55,11017,11018,11020,11022,11024],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,11019,62],{"class":61},[55,11021,66],{"class":65},[55,11023,9241],{"class":318},[55,11025,322],{"class":65},[889,11027,11029],{"id":11028},"expecting-duplicate-keys-to-be-kept","Expecting duplicate keys to be kept",[14,11031,11032],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins:",[46,11034,11036],{"className":48,"code":11035,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = dict([('x', 1), ('x', 2)])\nprint(data)\n",[18,11037,11038,11074],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,11039,11040,11042,11044,11046,11048,11050,11052,11054,11056,11058,11060,11062,11064,11066,11068,11070,11072],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,11041,9202],{"class":902},[55,11043,906],{"class":703},[55,11045,9207],{"class":69},[55,11047,9695],{"class":65},[55,11049,1923],{"class":109},[55,11051,2477],{"class":129},[55,11053,1923],{"class":109},[55,11055,163],{"class":65},[55,11057,5782],{"class":75},[55,11059,9270],{"class":65},[55,11061,9273],{"class":65},[55,11063,1923],{"class":109},[55,11065,2477],{"class":129},[55,11067,1923],{"class":109},[55,11069,163],{"class":65},[55,11071,166],{"class":75},[55,11073,10718],{"class":65},[55,11075,11076,11078,11080,11082],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,11077,62],{"class":61},[55,11079,66],{"class":65},[55,11081,9241],{"class":318},[55,11083,322],{"class":65},[14,11085,11086],{},[435,11087,281],{},[46,11089,11091],{"className":48,"code":11090,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'x': 2}\n",[18,11092,11093],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,11094,11095,11097,11099,11101,11103,11105,11107],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,11096,9315],{"class":65},[55,11098,1923],{"class":109},[55,11100,2477],{"class":129},[55,11102,1923],{"class":109},[55,11104,790],{"class":65},[55,11106,166],{"class":75},[55,11108,9346],{"class":65},[14,11110,11111,11112,29],{},"If you are getting missing-key problems later, you may also run into ",[294,11113,11115],{"href":11114},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F","KeyError in Python",[41,11117,1586],{"id":1585},[14,11119,11120,11121,11123],{},"Common causes of problems with ",[18,11122,9156],{}," include:",[240,11125,11126,11136,11142,11145],{},[243,11127,11128,11129,11132,11133],{},"passing a list like ",[18,11130,11131],{},"['a', 'b']"," instead of ",[18,11134,11135],{},"[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]",[243,11137,11138,11139],{},"using invalid keyword-style keys such as ",[18,11140,11141],{},"dict(first-name='Sam')",[243,11143,11144],{},"expecting duplicate keys to be kept separately",[243,11146,11147,11148,11150],{},"confusing ",[18,11149,9156],{}," with the broader topic of dictionary creation in general",[14,11152,11153],{},"If something is not working, these quick checks can help:",[46,11155,11157],{"className":48,"code":11156,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(list_of_pairs)\nprint(len(list_of_pairs))\n",[18,11158,11159,11173,11183,11194],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,11160,11161,11163,11165,11167,11169,11171],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,11162,62],{"class":61},[55,11164,66],{"class":65},[55,11166,1879],{"class":69},[55,11168,66],{"class":65},[55,11170,9241],{"class":318},[55,11172,79],{"class":65},[55,11174,11175,11177,11179,11181],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,11176,62],{"class":61},[55,11178,66],{"class":65},[55,11180,9241],{"class":318},[55,11182,322],{"class":65},[55,11184,11185,11187,11189,11192],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,11186,62],{"class":61},[55,11188,66],{"class":65},[55,11190,11191],{"class":318},"list_of_pairs",[55,11193,322],{"class":65},[55,11195,11196,11198,11200,11203,11205,11207],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,11197,62],{"class":61},[55,11199,66],{"class":65},[55,11201,11202],{"class":61},"len",[55,11204,66],{"class":65},[55,11206,11191],{"class":318},[55,11208,79],{"class":65},[14,11210,11211],{},"These checks help you confirm:",[240,11213,11214,11217,11220],{},[243,11215,11216],{},"whether your result is really a dictionary",[243,11218,11219],{},"what data is being passed in",[243,11221,11222],{},"whether your list of pairs has the expected structure",[41,11224,2139],{"id":2138},[889,11226,5466,11228,4679,11230,2794],{"id":11227},"what-is-the-difference-between-dict-and",[18,11229,9156],{},[18,11231,471],{},[14,11233,11234,11236,11237,11239],{},[18,11235,471],{}," is the short literal form. ",[18,11238,9156],{}," is a function that can also convert pairs or use keyword arguments.",[889,11241,5456,11243,11245],{"id":11242},"can-dict-create-a-dictionary-from-a-list",[18,11244,9156],{}," create a dictionary from a list?",[14,11247,11248,11249,29],{},"Yes, if the list contains 2-item pairs such as ",[18,11250,11135],{},[889,11252,5444,11254,11257],{"id":11253},"why-does-dictnamealice-use-string-keys",[18,11255,11256],{},"dict(name='Alice')"," use string keys?",[14,11259,11260],{},"In keyword form, Python turns the keyword names into string keys automatically.",[889,11262,11264,11265,11267],{"id":11263},"can-i-use-spaces-in-keys-with-dict-keyword-arguments","Can I use spaces in keys with ",[18,11266,9156],{}," keyword arguments?",[14,11269,11270,11271,11274],{},"No. For keys with spaces or other invalid identifier characters, use ",[18,11272,11273],{},"{'first name': 'Alice'}"," or pass pairs.",[41,11276,2193],{"id":2192},[240,11278,11279,11284,11288,11293,11299],{},[243,11280,11281],{},[294,11282,11283],{"href":9428},"Creating a dictionary in Python",[243,11285,11286],{},[294,11287,9192],{"href":9191},[243,11289,11290],{},[294,11291,11292],{"href":10770},"How to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[243,11294,11295],{},[294,11296,10776,11297,10780],{"href":10775},[18,11298,10779],{},[243,11300,11301],{},[294,11302,11303],{"href":11114},"KeyError in Python: causes and fixes",[2226,11305,11306],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":11308},[11309,11311,11317,11318,11319,11320,11327,11333,11334,11344],{"id":9382,"depth":82,"text":11310},"What dict() does",{"id":2459,"depth":82,"text":2460,"children":11312},[11313,11314,11315,11316],{"id":9439,"depth":98,"text":9440},{"id":9481,"depth":98,"text":9482},{"id":9585,"depth":98,"text":9586},{"id":9675,"depth":98,"text":9676},{"id":9788,"depth":82,"text":9440},{"id":9892,"depth":82,"text":9893},{"id":10315,"depth":82,"text":10316},{"id":10621,"depth":82,"text":11321,"children":11322},"dict() vs {}",[11323,11325],{"id":10637,"depth":98,"text":11324},"Use {} when:",{"id":10663,"depth":98,"text":11326},"Use dict() when:",{"id":10783,"depth":82,"text":10784,"children":11328},[11329,11330,11331,11332],{"id":10792,"depth":98,"text":10793},{"id":10913,"depth":98,"text":10914},{"id":10971,"depth":98,"text":10972},{"id":11028,"depth":98,"text":11029},{"id":1585,"depth":82,"text":1586},{"id":2138,"depth":82,"text":2139,"children":11335},[11336,11338,11340,11342],{"id":11227,"depth":98,"text":11337},"What is the difference between dict() and {}?",{"id":11242,"depth":98,"text":11339},"Can dict() create a dictionary from a list?",{"id":11253,"depth":98,"text":11341},"Why does dict(name='Alice') use string keys?",{"id":11263,"depth":98,"text":11343},"Can I use spaces in keys with dict() keyword arguments?",{"id":2192,"depth":82,"text":2193},"Master python dict function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained",{"title":9148,"description":11345},"reference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained","pnY0ft_AcouoxXnqOTEjZDN1f3GnmsuukIHgiulbVfc",{"id":11352,"title":11353,"body":11354,"description":12866,"extension":2267,"meta":12867,"navigation":1121,"path":12868,"seo":12869,"stem":12870,"__hash__":12871},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method.md","Python Dictionary clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":11355,"toc":12835},[11356,11364,11370,11377,11379,11440,11445,11450,11455,11473,11476,11480,11482,11498,11501,11514,11518,11521,11655,11657,11724,11727,11743,11749,11755,11758,11840,11842,11856,11860,11866,11931,11933,11941,11944,11967,11973,12036,12042,12045,12059,12072,12076,12087,12092,12103,12110,12114,12120,12242,12244,12270,12273,12290,12293,12404,12406,12455,12457,12470,12479,12484,12489,12500,12502,12605,12628,12630,12634,12653,12656,12714,12717,12743,12745,12752,12755,12761,12765,12772,12780,12786,12789,12791,12832],[10,11357,11359,11360,11363],{"id":11358},"python-dictionary-clear-method","Python Dictionary ",[18,11361,11362],{},"clear()"," Method",[14,11365,11366,11369],{},[18,11367,11368],{},"dict.clear()"," removes all items from a dictionary.",[14,11371,11372,11373,11376],{},"Use it when you want to empty a dictionary without replacing the variable with a new dictionary. This method changes the original dictionary ",[435,11374,11375],{},"in place",", which means the same dictionary object is kept, but all key-value pairs are removed.",[41,11378,2308],{"id":2307},[46,11380,11382],{"className":48,"code":11381,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata.clear()\nprint(data)  # {}\n",[18,11383,11384,11416,11427],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,11385,11386,11388,11390,11392,11394,11396,11398,11400,11402,11404,11406,11408,11410,11412,11414],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,11387,9202],{"class":902},[55,11389,906],{"class":703},[55,11391,10529],{"class":65},[55,11393,126],{"class":109},[55,11395,294],{"class":129},[55,11397,126],{"class":109},[55,11399,790],{"class":65},[55,11401,5782],{"class":75},[55,11403,163],{"class":65},[55,11405,793],{"class":109},[55,11407,5046],{"class":129},[55,11409,126],{"class":109},[55,11411,790],{"class":65},[55,11413,166],{"class":75},[55,11415,9346],{"class":65},[55,11417,11418,11420,11422,11425],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,11419,9241],{"class":902},[55,11421,29],{"class":65},[55,11423,11424],{"class":318},"clear",[55,11426,1789],{"class":65},[55,11428,11429,11431,11433,11435,11437],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,11430,62],{"class":61},[55,11432,66],{"class":65},[55,11434,9241],{"class":318},[55,11436,3953],{"class":65},[55,11438,11439],{"class":3956},"  # {}\n",[14,11441,11442,11444],{},[18,11443,11362],{}," removes all items from the same dictionary object.",[41,11446,3970,11448,3973],{"id":11447},"what-clear-does",[18,11449,11362],{},[14,11451,16,11452,11454],{},[18,11453,11362],{}," method:",[240,11456,11457,11460,11463,11468],{},[243,11458,11459],{},"Removes all key-value pairs from a dictionary",[243,11461,11462],{},"Changes the original dictionary in place",[243,11464,11465,11466],{},"Returns ",[18,11467,481],{},[243,11469,11470,11471],{},"Leaves you with an empty dictionary: ",[18,11472,471],{},[14,11474,11475],{},"This is one of the standard ways to remove dictionary contents without deleting the variable itself.",[14,11477,9188,11478,29],{},[294,11479,9192],{"href":9191},[41,11481,2460],{"id":2459},[46,11483,11485],{"className":48,"code":11484,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_dict.clear()\n",[18,11486,11487],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,11488,11489,11492,11494,11496],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,11490,11491],{"class":902},"my_dict",[55,11493,29],{"class":65},[55,11495,11424],{"class":318},[55,11497,1789],{"class":65},[14,11499,11500],{},"Important points:",[240,11502,11503,11508,11511],{},[243,11504,11505,11507],{},[18,11506,11362],{}," takes no arguments",[243,11509,11510],{},"You call it on a dictionary object",[243,11512,11513],{},"It empties that dictionary",[41,11515,11517],{"id":11516},"simple-example","Simple example",[14,11519,11520],{},"Here is a basic example:",[46,11522,11524],{"className":48,"code":11523,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"user = {\n    \"name\": \"Maya\",\n    \"age\": 25,\n    \"city\": \"Berlin\"\n}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", user)\n\nuser.clear()\n\nprint(\"After:\", user)\n",[18,11525,11526,11536,11557,11571,11588,11592,11596,11616,11620,11631,11635],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,11527,11528,11531,11533],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,11529,11530],{"class":902},"user ",[55,11532,906],{"class":703},[55,11534,11535],{"class":65}," {\n",[55,11537,11538,11541,11543,11545,11547,11549,11552,11554],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,11539,11540],{"class":109},"    \"",[55,11542,785],{"class":129},[55,11544,126],{"class":109},[55,11546,790],{"class":65},[55,11548,793],{"class":109},[55,11550,11551],{"class":129},"Maya",[55,11553,126],{"class":109},[55,11555,11556],{"class":65},",\n",[55,11558,11559,11561,11563,11565,11567,11569],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,11560,11540],{"class":109},[55,11562,9336],{"class":129},[55,11564,126],{"class":109},[55,11566,790],{"class":65},[55,11568,9343],{"class":75},[55,11570,11556],{"class":65},[55,11572,11573,11575,11577,11579,11581,11583,11586],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,11574,11540],{"class":109},[55,11576,10447],{"class":129},[55,11578,126],{"class":109},[55,11580,790],{"class":65},[55,11582,793],{"class":109},[55,11584,11585],{"class":129},"Berlin",[55,11587,1052],{"class":109},[55,11589,11590],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,11591,9346],{"class":65},[55,11593,11594],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,11595,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,11597,11598,11600,11602,11604,11607,11609,11611,11614],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,11599,62],{"class":61},[55,11601,66],{"class":65},[55,11603,126],{"class":109},[55,11605,11606],{"class":129},"Before:",[55,11608,126],{"class":109},[55,11610,163],{"class":65},[55,11612,11613],{"class":318}," user",[55,11615,322],{"class":65},[55,11617,11618],{"class":57,"line":582},[55,11619,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,11621,11622,11625,11627,11629],{"class":57,"line":6706},[55,11623,11624],{"class":902},"user",[55,11626,29],{"class":65},[55,11628,11424],{"class":318},[55,11630,1789],{"class":65},[55,11632,11633],{"class":57,"line":6711},[55,11634,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,11636,11638,11640,11642,11644,11647,11649,11651,11653],{"class":57,"line":11637},11,[55,11639,62],{"class":61},[55,11641,66],{"class":65},[55,11643,126],{"class":109},[55,11645,11646],{"class":129},"After:",[55,11648,126],{"class":109},[55,11650,163],{"class":65},[55,11652,11613],{"class":318},[55,11654,322],{"class":65},[14,11656,177],{},[46,11658,11660],{"className":48,"code":11659,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Before: {'name': 'Maya', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Berlin'}\nAfter: {}\n",[18,11661,11662,11715],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,11663,11664,11667,11669,11671,11673,11675,11677,11679,11681,11683,11685,11687,11689,11691,11693,11695,11697,11699,11701,11703,11705,11707,11709,11711,11713],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,11665,11666],{"class":902},"Before",[55,11668,790],{"class":65},[55,11670,10529],{"class":65},[55,11672,1923],{"class":109},[55,11674,785],{"class":129},[55,11676,1923],{"class":109},[55,11678,790],{"class":65},[55,11680,1918],{"class":109},[55,11682,11551],{"class":129},[55,11684,1923],{"class":109},[55,11686,163],{"class":65},[55,11688,1918],{"class":109},[55,11690,9336],{"class":129},[55,11692,1923],{"class":109},[55,11694,790],{"class":65},[55,11696,9343],{"class":75},[55,11698,163],{"class":65},[55,11700,1918],{"class":109},[55,11702,10447],{"class":129},[55,11704,1923],{"class":109},[55,11706,790],{"class":65},[55,11708,1918],{"class":109},[55,11710,11585],{"class":129},[55,11712,1923],{"class":109},[55,11714,9346],{"class":65},[55,11716,11717,11720,11722],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,11718,11719],{"class":902},"After",[55,11721,790],{"class":65},[55,11723,9876],{"class":65},[14,11725,11726],{},"What happens here:",[240,11728,11729,11734,11740],{},[243,11730,11731,11733],{},[18,11732,11624],{}," starts with three items",[243,11735,11736,11739],{},[18,11737,11738],{},"user.clear()"," removes them all",[243,11741,11742],{},"The dictionary still exists, but it is now empty",[41,11744,3970,11746,11748],{"id":11745},"what-clear-returns",[18,11747,11362],{}," returns",[14,11750,11751,1265,11753,29],{},[18,11752,11362],{},[18,11754,481],{},[14,11756,11757],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake:",[46,11759,11761],{"className":48,"code":11760,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nresult = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(my_dict)\n",[18,11762,11763,11797,11801,11816,11820,11830],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,11764,11765,11768,11770,11772,11774,11776,11778,11780,11782,11784,11786,11789,11791,11793,11795],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,11766,11767],{"class":902},"my_dict ",[55,11769,906],{"class":703},[55,11771,10529],{"class":65},[55,11773,126],{"class":109},[55,11775,2477],{"class":129},[55,11777,126],{"class":109},[55,11779,790],{"class":65},[55,11781,5782],{"class":75},[55,11783,163],{"class":65},[55,11785,793],{"class":109},[55,11787,11788],{"class":129},"y",[55,11790,126],{"class":109},[55,11792,790],{"class":65},[55,11794,166],{"class":75},[55,11796,9346],{"class":65},[55,11798,11799],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,11800,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,11802,11803,11805,11807,11810,11812,11814],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,11804,2534],{"class":902},[55,11806,906],{"class":703},[55,11808,11809],{"class":902}," my_dict",[55,11811,29],{"class":65},[55,11813,11424],{"class":318},[55,11815,1789],{"class":65},[55,11817,11818],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,11819,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,11821,11822,11824,11826,11828],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,11823,62],{"class":61},[55,11825,66],{"class":65},[55,11827,2569],{"class":318},[55,11829,322],{"class":65},[55,11831,11832,11834,11836,11838],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,11833,62],{"class":61},[55,11835,66],{"class":65},[55,11837,11491],{"class":318},[55,11839,322],{"class":65},[14,11841,281],{},[46,11843,11845],{"className":48,"code":11844,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"None\n{}\n",[18,11846,11847,11852],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,11848,11849],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,11850,11851],{"class":187},"None\n",[55,11853,11854],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,11855,9472],{"class":65},[889,11857,11859],{"id":11858},"common-mistake","Common mistake",[14,11861,11862,11863,11865],{},"Do ",[435,11864,4916],{}," do this:",[46,11867,11869],{"className":48,"code":11868,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)\n",[18,11870,11871,11903,11917,11921],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,11872,11873,11875,11877,11879,11881,11883,11885,11887,11889,11891,11893,11895,11897,11899,11901],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,11874,11767],{"class":902},[55,11876,906],{"class":703},[55,11878,10529],{"class":65},[55,11880,126],{"class":109},[55,11882,2477],{"class":129},[55,11884,126],{"class":109},[55,11886,790],{"class":65},[55,11888,5782],{"class":75},[55,11890,163],{"class":65},[55,11892,793],{"class":109},[55,11894,11788],{"class":129},[55,11896,126],{"class":109},[55,11898,790],{"class":65},[55,11900,166],{"class":75},[55,11902,9346],{"class":65},[55,11904,11905,11907,11909,11911,11913,11915],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,11906,11767],{"class":902},[55,11908,906],{"class":703},[55,11910,11809],{"class":902},[55,11912,29],{"class":65},[55,11914,11424],{"class":318},[55,11916,1789],{"class":65},[55,11918,11919],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,11920,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,11922,11923,11925,11927,11929],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,11924,62],{"class":61},[55,11926,66],{"class":65},[55,11928,11491],{"class":318},[55,11930,322],{"class":65},[14,11932,281],{},[46,11934,11935],{"className":48,"code":11851,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,11936,11937],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,11938,11939],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,11940,11851],{"class":187},[14,11942,11943],{},"Why this happens:",[240,11945,11946,11952,11957],{},[243,11947,11948,11951],{},[18,11949,11950],{},"my_dict.clear()"," empties the dictionary",[243,11953,11954,11955],{},"The method returns ",[18,11956,481],{},[243,11958,11959,11960,11963,11964,11966],{},"Then ",[18,11961,11962],{},"my_dict = ..."," stores ",[18,11965,481],{}," in the variable",[14,11968,11969,11970,11972],{},"If you want to keep using the dictionary, just call ",[18,11971,11362],{}," by itself:",[46,11974,11976],{"className":48,"code":11975,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)  # {}\n",[18,11977,11978,12010,12020,12024],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,11979,11980,11982,11984,11986,11988,11990,11992,11994,11996,11998,12000,12002,12004,12006,12008],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,11981,11767],{"class":902},[55,11983,906],{"class":703},[55,11985,10529],{"class":65},[55,11987,126],{"class":109},[55,11989,2477],{"class":129},[55,11991,126],{"class":109},[55,11993,790],{"class":65},[55,11995,5782],{"class":75},[55,11997,163],{"class":65},[55,11999,793],{"class":109},[55,12001,11788],{"class":129},[55,12003,126],{"class":109},[55,12005,790],{"class":65},[55,12007,166],{"class":75},[55,12009,9346],{"class":65},[55,12011,12012,12014,12016,12018],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,12013,11491],{"class":902},[55,12015,29],{"class":65},[55,12017,11424],{"class":318},[55,12019,1789],{"class":65},[55,12021,12022],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,12023,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,12025,12026,12028,12030,12032,12034],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,12027,62],{"class":61},[55,12029,66],{"class":65},[55,12031,11491],{"class":318},[55,12033,3953],{"class":65},[55,12035,11439],{"class":3956},[41,12037,12039,12041],{"id":12038},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-dictionary",[18,12040,11362],{}," vs creating a new empty dictionary",[14,12043,12044],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they do different things:",[46,12046,12047],{"className":48,"code":11484,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,12048,12049],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,12050,12051,12053,12055,12057],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,12052,11491],{"class":902},[55,12054,29],{"class":65},[55,12056,11424],{"class":318},[55,12058,1789],{"class":65},[46,12060,12062],{"className":48,"code":12061,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_dict = {}\n",[18,12063,12064],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,12065,12066,12068,12070],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,12067,11767],{"class":902},[55,12069,906],{"class":703},[55,12071,9876],{"class":65},[889,12073,12074],{"id":11424},[18,12075,11362],{},[240,12077,12078,12081,12084],{},[243,12079,12080],{},"Empties the existing dictionary object",[243,12082,12083],{},"Keeps the same object in memory",[243,12085,12086],{},"Affects all variables that refer to that same dictionary",[889,12088,12089],{"id":11491},[18,12090,12091],{},"my_dict = {}",[240,12093,12094,12097,12100],{},[243,12095,12096],{},"Creates a new empty dictionary object",[243,12098,12099],{},"Reassigns the variable to that new object",[243,12101,12102],{},"Other variables pointing to the old dictionary are unchanged",[14,12104,12105,12106,29],{},"This difference matters when you are working with shared references. It is also related to ",[294,12107,12109],{"href":12108},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types\u002F","mutable vs immutable types in Python",[41,12111,12113],{"id":12112},"shared-reference-example","Shared reference example",[14,12115,12116,12117,12119],{},"If two variables point to the same dictionary, ",[18,12118,11362],{}," affects both because both names refer to the same object.",[46,12121,12123],{"className":48,"code":12122,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal.clear()\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[18,12124,12125,12158,12168,12172,12183,12187,12207,12227],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,12126,12127,12130,12132,12134,12136,12138,12140,12142,12144,12146,12148,12150,12152,12154,12156],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,12128,12129],{"class":902},"original ",[55,12131,906],{"class":703},[55,12133,10529],{"class":65},[55,12135,126],{"class":109},[55,12137,294],{"class":129},[55,12139,126],{"class":109},[55,12141,790],{"class":65},[55,12143,5782],{"class":75},[55,12145,163],{"class":65},[55,12147,793],{"class":109},[55,12149,5046],{"class":129},[55,12151,126],{"class":109},[55,12153,790],{"class":65},[55,12155,166],{"class":75},[55,12157,9346],{"class":65},[55,12159,12160,12163,12165],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,12161,12162],{"class":902},"other_ref ",[55,12164,906],{"class":703},[55,12166,12167],{"class":902}," original\n",[55,12169,12170],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,12171,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,12173,12174,12177,12179,12181],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,12175,12176],{"class":902},"original",[55,12178,29],{"class":65},[55,12180,11424],{"class":318},[55,12182,1789],{"class":65},[55,12184,12185],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,12186,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,12188,12189,12191,12193,12195,12198,12200,12202,12205],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,12190,62],{"class":61},[55,12192,66],{"class":65},[55,12194,126],{"class":109},[55,12196,12197],{"class":129},"original:",[55,12199,126],{"class":109},[55,12201,163],{"class":65},[55,12203,12204],{"class":318}," original",[55,12206,322],{"class":65},[55,12208,12209,12211,12213,12215,12218,12220,12222,12225],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,12210,62],{"class":61},[55,12212,66],{"class":65},[55,12214,126],{"class":109},[55,12216,12217],{"class":129},"other_ref:",[55,12219,126],{"class":109},[55,12221,163],{"class":65},[55,12223,12224],{"class":318}," other_ref",[55,12226,322],{"class":65},[55,12228,12229,12231,12233,12235,12238,12240],{"class":57,"line":582},[55,12230,62],{"class":61},[55,12232,66],{"class":65},[55,12234,12129],{"class":318},[55,12236,12237],{"class":1193},"is",[55,12239,12224],{"class":318},[55,12241,322],{"class":65},[14,12243,281],{},[46,12245,12247],{"className":48,"code":12246,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"original: {}\nother_ref: {}\nTrue\n",[18,12248,12249,12257,12266],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,12250,12251,12253,12255],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,12252,12176],{"class":902},[55,12254,790],{"class":65},[55,12256,9876],{"class":65},[55,12258,12259,12262,12264],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,12260,12261],{"class":902},"other_ref",[55,12263,790],{"class":65},[55,12265,9876],{"class":65},[55,12267,12268],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,12269,193],{"class":187},[14,12271,12272],{},"This shows:",[240,12274,12275,12282,12287],{},[243,12276,12277,4679,12279,12281],{},[18,12278,12176],{},[18,12280,12261],{}," refer to the same dictionary",[243,12283,12284,12286],{},[18,12285,11362],{}," changes that dictionary in place",[243,12288,12289],{},"Both variables now show an empty dictionary",[14,12291,12292],{},"Now compare that with reassignment:",[46,12294,12296],{"className":48,"code":12295,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal = {}\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[18,12297,12298,12330,12338,12342,12350,12354,12372,12390],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,12299,12300,12302,12304,12306,12308,12310,12312,12314,12316,12318,12320,12322,12324,12326,12328],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,12301,12129],{"class":902},[55,12303,906],{"class":703},[55,12305,10529],{"class":65},[55,12307,126],{"class":109},[55,12309,294],{"class":129},[55,12311,126],{"class":109},[55,12313,790],{"class":65},[55,12315,5782],{"class":75},[55,12317,163],{"class":65},[55,12319,793],{"class":109},[55,12321,5046],{"class":129},[55,12323,126],{"class":109},[55,12325,790],{"class":65},[55,12327,166],{"class":75},[55,12329,9346],{"class":65},[55,12331,12332,12334,12336],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,12333,12162],{"class":902},[55,12335,906],{"class":703},[55,12337,12167],{"class":902},[55,12339,12340],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,12341,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,12343,12344,12346,12348],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,12345,12129],{"class":902},[55,12347,906],{"class":703},[55,12349,9876],{"class":65},[55,12351,12352],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,12353,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,12355,12356,12358,12360,12362,12364,12366,12368,12370],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,12357,62],{"class":61},[55,12359,66],{"class":65},[55,12361,126],{"class":109},[55,12363,12197],{"class":129},[55,12365,126],{"class":109},[55,12367,163],{"class":65},[55,12369,12204],{"class":318},[55,12371,322],{"class":65},[55,12373,12374,12376,12378,12380,12382,12384,12386,12388],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,12375,62],{"class":61},[55,12377,66],{"class":65},[55,12379,126],{"class":109},[55,12381,12217],{"class":129},[55,12383,126],{"class":109},[55,12385,163],{"class":65},[55,12387,12224],{"class":318},[55,12389,322],{"class":65},[55,12391,12392,12394,12396,12398,12400,12402],{"class":57,"line":582},[55,12393,62],{"class":61},[55,12395,66],{"class":65},[55,12397,12129],{"class":318},[55,12399,12237],{"class":1193},[55,12401,12224],{"class":318},[55,12403,322],{"class":65},[14,12405,281],{},[46,12407,12409],{"className":48,"code":12408,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"original: {}\nother_ref: {'a': 1, 'b': 2}\nFalse\n",[18,12410,12411,12419,12451],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,12412,12413,12415,12417],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,12414,12176],{"class":902},[55,12416,790],{"class":65},[55,12418,9876],{"class":65},[55,12420,12421,12423,12425,12427,12429,12431,12433,12435,12437,12439,12441,12443,12445,12447,12449],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,12422,12261],{"class":902},[55,12424,790],{"class":65},[55,12426,10529],{"class":65},[55,12428,1923],{"class":109},[55,12430,294],{"class":129},[55,12432,1923],{"class":109},[55,12434,790],{"class":65},[55,12436,5782],{"class":75},[55,12438,163],{"class":65},[55,12440,1918],{"class":109},[55,12442,5046],{"class":129},[55,12444,1923],{"class":109},[55,12446,790],{"class":65},[55,12448,166],{"class":75},[55,12450,9346],{"class":65},[55,12452,12453],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,12454,188],{"class":187},[14,12456,2482],{},[240,12458,12459,12465],{},[243,12460,12461,12464],{},[18,12462,12463],{},"original = {}"," creates a new dictionary",[243,12466,12467,12469],{},[18,12468,12261],{}," still points to the old one",[14,12471,12472,12473,29],{},"If you want to make a separate dictionary before changing it, see ",[294,12474,12476],{"href":12475},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method\u002F",[18,12477,12478],{},"dict.copy()",[41,12480,5247,12482],{"id":12481},"when-to-use-clear",[18,12483,11362],{},[14,12485,12486,12488],{},[18,12487,11362],{}," is useful when you want to:",[240,12490,12491,12494,12497],{},[243,12492,12493],{},"Reset stored data before reusing a dictionary",[243,12495,12496],{},"Empty a cache or temporary mapping",[243,12498,12499],{},"Remove all items without deleting the variable",[14,12501,358],{},[46,12503,12505],{"className":48,"code":12504,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"session_data = {\n    \"user_id\": 101,\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\n# Reset for a new session\nsession_data.clear()\n\nprint(session_data)  # {}\n",[18,12506,12507,12516,12532,12552,12565,12569,12573,12578,12589,12593],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,12508,12509,12512,12514],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,12510,12511],{"class":902},"session_data ",[55,12513,906],{"class":703},[55,12515,11535],{"class":65},[55,12517,12518,12520,12523,12525,12527,12530],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,12519,11540],{"class":109},[55,12521,12522],{"class":129},"user_id",[55,12524,126],{"class":109},[55,12526,790],{"class":65},[55,12528,12529],{"class":75}," 101",[55,12531,11556],{"class":65},[55,12533,12534,12536,12539,12541,12543,12545,12548,12550],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,12535,11540],{"class":109},[55,12537,12538],{"class":129},"theme",[55,12540,126],{"class":109},[55,12542,790],{"class":65},[55,12544,793],{"class":109},[55,12546,12547],{"class":129},"dark",[55,12549,126],{"class":109},[55,12551,11556],{"class":65},[55,12553,12554,12556,12559,12561,12563],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,12555,11540],{"class":109},[55,12557,12558],{"class":129},"logged_in",[55,12560,126],{"class":109},[55,12562,790],{"class":65},[55,12564,6698],{"class":187},[55,12566,12567],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,12568,9346],{"class":65},[55,12570,12571],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,12572,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,12574,12575],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,12576,12577],{"class":3956},"# Reset for a new session\n",[55,12579,12580,12583,12585,12587],{"class":57,"line":582},[55,12581,12582],{"class":902},"session_data",[55,12584,29],{"class":65},[55,12586,11424],{"class":318},[55,12588,1789],{"class":65},[55,12590,12591],{"class":57,"line":6706},[55,12592,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,12594,12595,12597,12599,12601,12603],{"class":57,"line":6711},[55,12596,62],{"class":61},[55,12598,66],{"class":65},[55,12600,12582],{"class":318},[55,12602,3953],{"class":65},[55,12604,11439],{"class":3956},[14,12606,12607,12608,12614,12615,29,12619,12621,12622,29],{},"If you only want to remove one item, use a more specific method like ",[294,12609,12611],{"href":12610},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method\u002F",[18,12612,12613],{},"dict.pop()"," or read ",[294,12616,12618],{"href":12617},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-a-key-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[9884,12620],{},"\nIf you want to remove the last inserted item, see ",[294,12623,12625],{"href":12624},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method\u002F",[18,12626,12627],{},"dict.popitem()",[41,12629,1586],{"id":1585},[14,12631,10787,12632,790],{},[18,12633,11362],{},[240,12635,12636,12642,12647,12650],{},[243,12637,12638,12639,12641],{},"Assigning the result of ",[18,12640,11362],{}," to a variable",[243,12643,1595,12644,12646],{},[18,12645,11362],{}," to return a new dictionary",[243,12648,12649],{},"Not realizing the dictionary is changed in place",[243,12651,12652],{},"Clearing a dictionary that is shared by another variable",[14,12654,12655],{},"If something looks wrong, these quick checks can help:",[46,12657,12659],{"className":48,"code":12658,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(id(my_dict))\nprint(other_ref is my_dict)\n",[18,12660,12661,12671,12685,12700],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,12662,12663,12665,12667,12669],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,12664,62],{"class":61},[55,12666,66],{"class":65},[55,12668,11491],{"class":318},[55,12670,322],{"class":65},[55,12672,12673,12675,12677,12679,12681,12683],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,12674,62],{"class":61},[55,12676,66],{"class":65},[55,12678,1879],{"class":69},[55,12680,66],{"class":65},[55,12682,11491],{"class":318},[55,12684,79],{"class":65},[55,12686,12687,12689,12691,12694,12696,12698],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,12688,62],{"class":61},[55,12690,66],{"class":65},[55,12692,12693],{"class":61},"id",[55,12695,66],{"class":65},[55,12697,11491],{"class":318},[55,12699,79],{"class":65},[55,12701,12702,12704,12706,12708,12710,12712],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,12703,62],{"class":61},[55,12705,66],{"class":65},[55,12707,12162],{"class":318},[55,12709,12237],{"class":1193},[55,12711,11809],{"class":318},[55,12713,322],{"class":65},[14,12715,12716],{},"What these show:",[240,12718,12719,12725,12731,12737],{},[243,12720,12721,12724],{},[18,12722,12723],{},"print(my_dict)"," shows the current contents",[243,12726,12727,12730],{},[18,12728,12729],{},"print(type(my_dict))"," confirms it is still a dictionary",[243,12732,12733,12736],{},[18,12734,12735],{},"print(id(my_dict))"," helps you check whether it is the same object as before",[243,12738,12739,12742],{},[18,12740,12741],{},"print(other_ref is my_dict)"," tells you whether two variables point to the same object",[41,12744,2139],{"id":2138},[889,12746,12748,12749,12751],{"id":12747},"does-clear-delete-the-dictionary","Does ",[18,12750,11362],{}," delete the dictionary?",[14,12753,12754],{},"No. It keeps the dictionary object but removes all items from it.",[889,12756,5429,12758,12760],{"id":12757},"what-does-dictclear-return",[18,12759,11368],{}," return?",[14,12762,2157,12763,29],{},[18,12764,481],{},[889,12766,5466,12768,4679,12770,2794],{"id":12767},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and",[18,12769,11362],{},[18,12771,471],{},[14,12773,12774,12776,12777,12779],{},[18,12775,11362],{}," empties the same dictionary object. Assigning ",[18,12778,471],{}," creates a new empty dictionary.",[889,12781,12748,12783,12785],{"id":12782},"does-clear-work-on-nested-dictionaries",[18,12784,11362],{}," work on nested dictionaries?",[14,12787,12788],{},"It removes the top-level items. If nested dictionaries were inside it, those references are removed from this dictionary.",[41,12790,2193],{"id":2192},[240,12792,12793,12797,12801,12808,12815,12822,12827],{},[243,12794,12795],{},[294,12796,9192],{"href":9191},[243,12798,12799],{},[294,12800,11283],{"href":9428},[243,12802,12803],{},[294,12804,10776,12805,10780],{"href":12610},[18,12806,12807],{},"pop()",[243,12809,12810],{},[294,12811,10776,12812,10780],{"href":12624},[18,12813,12814],{},"popitem()",[243,12816,12817],{},[294,12818,10776,12819,10780],{"href":12475},[18,12820,12821],{},"copy()",[243,12823,12824],{},[294,12825,12826],{"href":12108},"Mutable vs immutable types in Python",[243,12828,12829],{},[294,12830,12831],{"href":12617},"How to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[2226,12833,12834],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":12836},[12837,12838,12840,12841,12842,12846,12851,12852,12854,12855,12865],{"id":2307,"depth":82,"text":2308},{"id":11447,"depth":82,"text":12839},"What clear() does",{"id":2459,"depth":82,"text":2460},{"id":11516,"depth":82,"text":11517},{"id":11745,"depth":82,"text":12843,"children":12844},"What clear() returns",[12845],{"id":11858,"depth":98,"text":11859},{"id":12038,"depth":82,"text":12847,"children":12848},"clear() vs creating a new empty dictionary",[12849,12850],{"id":11424,"depth":98,"text":11362},{"id":11491,"depth":98,"text":12091},{"id":12112,"depth":82,"text":12113},{"id":12481,"depth":82,"text":12853},"When to use clear()",{"id":1585,"depth":82,"text":1586},{"id":2138,"depth":82,"text":2139,"children":12856},[12857,12859,12861,12863],{"id":12747,"depth":98,"text":12858},"Does clear() delete the dictionary?",{"id":12757,"depth":98,"text":12860},"What does dict.clear() return?",{"id":12767,"depth":98,"text":12862},"What is the difference between clear() and {}?",{"id":12782,"depth":98,"text":12864},"Does clear() work on nested dictionaries?",{"id":2192,"depth":82,"text":2193},"Master python dictionary clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method",{"title":11353,"description":12866},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method","xe2WHgVVqBBDcVsY_J76LhYda8_TxsqdNPbHatiN8IU",{"id":12873,"title":12874,"body":12875,"description":15044,"extension":2267,"meta":15045,"navigation":1121,"path":15046,"seo":15047,"stem":15048,"__hash__":15049},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method.md","Python Dictionary copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":12876,"toc":15016},[12877,12882,12887,12897,12899,12988,12992,13033,13038,13045,13063,13072,13074,13095,13098,13110,13112,13191,13195,13236,13238,13241,13369,13373,13453,13456,13474,13477,13481,13487,13489,13500,13502,13697,13701,13807,13810,13828,13831,13838,13843,13847,13861,13863,13990,13994,14074,14087,14093,14096,14104,14108,14234,14238,14312,14317,14448,14452,14526,14529,14543,14547,14551,14565,14567,14703,14707,14776,14778,14783,14805,14808,14915,14918,14929,14936,14938,14944,14947,14954,14957,14964,14972,14976,14979,14981,15013],[10,12878,11359,12880,11363],{"id":12879},"python-dictionary-copy-method",[18,12881,12821],{},[14,12883,12884,12886],{},[18,12885,12478],{}," creates a new dictionary with the same key-value pairs as the original.",[14,12888,12889,12890,12892,12893,12896],{},"This method is useful when you want a separate dictionary object instead of another variable pointing to the same dictionary. It is important to know that ",[18,12891,12821],{}," makes a ",[435,12894,12895],{},"shallow copy",", not a deep copy.",[41,12898,2308],{"id":2307},[46,12900,12902],{"className":48,"code":12901,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nprint(student_copy)\nprint(student_copy is student)\n",[18,12903,12904,12942,12959,12963,12974],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,12905,12906,12909,12911,12913,12915,12917,12919,12921,12923,12926,12928,12930,12932,12934,12936,12938,12940],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,12907,12908],{"class":902},"student ",[55,12910,906],{"class":703},[55,12912,10529],{"class":65},[55,12914,126],{"class":109},[55,12916,785],{"class":129},[55,12918,126],{"class":109},[55,12920,790],{"class":65},[55,12922,793],{"class":109},[55,12924,12925],{"class":129},"Ana",[55,12927,126],{"class":109},[55,12929,163],{"class":65},[55,12931,793],{"class":109},[55,12933,9336],{"class":129},[55,12935,126],{"class":109},[55,12937,790],{"class":65},[55,12939,916],{"class":75},[55,12941,9346],{"class":65},[55,12943,12944,12947,12949,12952,12954,12957],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,12945,12946],{"class":902},"student_copy ",[55,12948,906],{"class":703},[55,12950,12951],{"class":902}," student",[55,12953,29],{"class":65},[55,12955,12956],{"class":318},"copy",[55,12958,1789],{"class":65},[55,12960,12961],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,12962,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,12964,12965,12967,12969,12972],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,12966,62],{"class":61},[55,12968,66],{"class":65},[55,12970,12971],{"class":318},"student_copy",[55,12973,322],{"class":65},[55,12975,12976,12978,12980,12982,12984,12986],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,12977,62],{"class":61},[55,12979,66],{"class":65},[55,12981,12946],{"class":318},[55,12983,12237],{"class":1193},[55,12985,12951],{"class":318},[55,12987,322],{"class":65},[14,12989,12990],{},[435,12991,281],{},[46,12993,12995],{"className":48,"code":12994,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\nFalse\n",[18,12996,12997,13029],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,12998,12999,13001,13003,13005,13007,13009,13011,13013,13015,13017,13019,13021,13023,13025,13027],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,13000,9315],{"class":65},[55,13002,1923],{"class":109},[55,13004,785],{"class":129},[55,13006,1923],{"class":109},[55,13008,790],{"class":65},[55,13010,1918],{"class":109},[55,13012,12925],{"class":129},[55,13014,1923],{"class":109},[55,13016,163],{"class":65},[55,13018,1918],{"class":109},[55,13020,9336],{"class":129},[55,13022,1923],{"class":109},[55,13024,790],{"class":65},[55,13026,916],{"class":75},[55,13028,9346],{"class":65},[55,13030,13031],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,13032,188],{"class":187},[14,13034,212,13035,13037],{},[18,13036,12821],{}," to create a new dictionary object with the same contents. The result is a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[41,13039,13041,13042,13044],{"id":13040},"what-the-copy-method-does","What the ",[18,13043,12821],{}," method does",[240,13046,13047,13052,13055,13060],{},[243,13048,13049,13051],{},[18,13050,12478],{}," returns a new dictionary",[243,13053,13054],{},"The new dictionary starts with the same keys and values as the original",[243,13056,13057,13058],{},"The original dictionary is not changed by calling ",[18,13059,12821],{},[243,13061,13062],{},"It is useful when you want a separate dictionary object",[14,13064,13065,13066,25,13069,29],{},"If you are still learning how dictionaries work, see ",[294,13067,9192],{"href":13068},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained",[294,13070,9429],{"href":13071},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[41,13073,2460],{"id":2459},[46,13075,13077],{"className":48,"code":13076,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"new_dict = old_dict.copy()\n",[18,13078,13079],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,13080,13081,13084,13086,13089,13091,13093],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,13082,13083],{"class":902},"new_dict ",[55,13085,906],{"class":703},[55,13087,13088],{"class":902}," old_dict",[55,13090,29],{"class":65},[55,13092,12956],{"class":318},[55,13094,1789],{"class":65},[14,13096,13097],{},"Key points:",[240,13099,13100,13104,13107],{},[243,13101,13102,11507],{},[18,13103,12821],{},[243,13105,13106],{},"It returns the copied dictionary",[243,13108,13109],{},"You should store the result in a variable if you want to use the new dictionary",[14,13111,358],{},[46,13113,13115],{"className":48,"code":13114,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = {\"a\": \"red\", \"b\": \"blue\"}\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[18,13116,13117,13160,13176,13180],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,13118,13119,13122,13124,13126,13128,13130,13132,13134,13136,13139,13141,13143,13145,13147,13149,13151,13153,13156,13158],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,13120,13121],{"class":902},"colors ",[55,13123,906],{"class":703},[55,13125,10529],{"class":65},[55,13127,126],{"class":109},[55,13129,294],{"class":129},[55,13131,126],{"class":109},[55,13133,790],{"class":65},[55,13135,793],{"class":109},[55,13137,13138],{"class":129},"red",[55,13140,126],{"class":109},[55,13142,163],{"class":65},[55,13144,793],{"class":109},[55,13146,5046],{"class":129},[55,13148,126],{"class":109},[55,13150,790],{"class":65},[55,13152,793],{"class":109},[55,13154,13155],{"class":129},"blue",[55,13157,126],{"class":109},[55,13159,9346],{"class":65},[55,13161,13162,13165,13167,13170,13172,13174],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,13163,13164],{"class":902},"new_colors ",[55,13166,906],{"class":703},[55,13168,13169],{"class":902}," colors",[55,13171,29],{"class":65},[55,13173,12956],{"class":318},[55,13175,1789],{"class":65},[55,13177,13178],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,13179,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,13181,13182,13184,13186,13189],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,13183,62],{"class":61},[55,13185,66],{"class":65},[55,13187,13188],{"class":318},"new_colors",[55,13190,322],{"class":65},[14,13192,13193],{},[435,13194,281],{},[46,13196,13198],{"className":48,"code":13197,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'a': 'red', 'b': 'blue'}\n",[18,13199,13200],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,13201,13202,13204,13206,13208,13210,13212,13214,13216,13218,13220,13222,13224,13226,13228,13230,13232,13234],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,13203,9315],{"class":65},[55,13205,1923],{"class":109},[55,13207,294],{"class":129},[55,13209,1923],{"class":109},[55,13211,790],{"class":65},[55,13213,1918],{"class":109},[55,13215,13138],{"class":129},[55,13217,1923],{"class":109},[55,13219,163],{"class":65},[55,13221,1918],{"class":109},[55,13223,5046],{"class":129},[55,13225,1923],{"class":109},[55,13227,790],{"class":65},[55,13229,1918],{"class":109},[55,13231,13155],{"class":129},[55,13233,1923],{"class":109},[55,13235,9346],{"class":65},[41,13237,11517],{"id":11516},[14,13239,13240],{},"Here is a basic example with simple values:",[46,13242,13244],{"className":48,"code":13243,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\nperson_copy = person.copy()\n\nperson_copy[\"age\"] = 26\n\nprint(\"Original:\", person)\nprint(\"Copy:\", person_copy)\n",[18,13245,13246,13284,13300,13304,13326,13330,13349],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,13247,13248,13251,13253,13255,13257,13259,13261,13263,13265,13268,13270,13272,13274,13276,13278,13280,13282],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,13249,13250],{"class":902},"person ",[55,13252,906],{"class":703},[55,13254,10529],{"class":65},[55,13256,126],{"class":109},[55,13258,785],{"class":129},[55,13260,126],{"class":109},[55,13262,790],{"class":65},[55,13264,793],{"class":109},[55,13266,13267],{"class":129},"Liam",[55,13269,126],{"class":109},[55,13271,163],{"class":65},[55,13273,793],{"class":109},[55,13275,9336],{"class":129},[55,13277,126],{"class":109},[55,13279,790],{"class":65},[55,13281,9343],{"class":75},[55,13283,9346],{"class":65},[55,13285,13286,13289,13291,13294,13296,13298],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,13287,13288],{"class":902},"person_copy ",[55,13290,906],{"class":703},[55,13292,13293],{"class":902}," person",[55,13295,29],{"class":65},[55,13297,12956],{"class":318},[55,13299,1789],{"class":65},[55,13301,13302],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,13303,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,13305,13306,13309,13311,13313,13315,13317,13320,13323],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,13307,13308],{"class":902},"person_copy",[55,13310,4186],{"class":65},[55,13312,126],{"class":109},[55,13314,9336],{"class":129},[55,13316,126],{"class":109},[55,13318,13319],{"class":65},"]",[55,13321,13322],{"class":703}," =",[55,13324,13325],{"class":75}," 26\n",[55,13327,13328],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,13329,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,13331,13332,13334,13336,13338,13341,13343,13345,13347],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,13333,62],{"class":61},[55,13335,66],{"class":65},[55,13337,126],{"class":109},[55,13339,13340],{"class":129},"Original:",[55,13342,126],{"class":109},[55,13344,163],{"class":65},[55,13346,13293],{"class":318},[55,13348,322],{"class":65},[55,13350,13351,13353,13355,13357,13360,13362,13364,13367],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,13352,62],{"class":61},[55,13354,66],{"class":65},[55,13356,126],{"class":109},[55,13358,13359],{"class":129},"Copy:",[55,13361,126],{"class":109},[55,13363,163],{"class":65},[55,13365,13366],{"class":318}," person_copy",[55,13368,322],{"class":65},[14,13370,13371],{},[435,13372,281],{},[46,13374,13376],{"className":48,"code":13375,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Original: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 25}\nCopy: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 26}\n",[18,13377,13378,13415],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,13379,13380,13383,13385,13387,13389,13391,13393,13395,13397,13399,13401,13403,13405,13407,13409,13411,13413],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,13381,13382],{"class":902},"Original",[55,13384,790],{"class":65},[55,13386,10529],{"class":65},[55,13388,1923],{"class":109},[55,13390,785],{"class":129},[55,13392,1923],{"class":109},[55,13394,790],{"class":65},[55,13396,1918],{"class":109},[55,13398,13267],{"class":129},[55,13400,1923],{"class":109},[55,13402,163],{"class":65},[55,13404,1918],{"class":109},[55,13406,9336],{"class":129},[55,13408,1923],{"class":109},[55,13410,790],{"class":65},[55,13412,9343],{"class":75},[55,13414,9346],{"class":65},[55,13416,13417,13420,13422,13424,13426,13428,13430,13432,13434,13436,13438,13440,13442,13444,13446,13448,13451],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,13418,13419],{"class":902},"Copy",[55,13421,790],{"class":65},[55,13423,10529],{"class":65},[55,13425,1923],{"class":109},[55,13427,785],{"class":129},[55,13429,1923],{"class":109},[55,13431,790],{"class":65},[55,13433,1918],{"class":109},[55,13435,13267],{"class":129},[55,13437,1923],{"class":109},[55,13439,163],{"class":65},[55,13441,1918],{"class":109},[55,13443,9336],{"class":129},[55,13445,1923],{"class":109},[55,13447,790],{"class":65},[55,13449,13450],{"class":75}," 26",[55,13452,9346],{"class":65},[14,13454,13455],{},"What happened here:",[240,13457,13458,13464,13471],{},[243,13459,13460,13463],{},[18,13461,13462],{},"person.copy()"," created a new dictionary",[243,13465,13466,13467,13470],{},"Changing ",[18,13468,13469],{},"person_copy[\"age\"]"," changed only the copied dictionary",[243,13472,13473],{},"The original dictionary stayed the same",[14,13475,13476],{},"This works as beginners usually expect when the dictionary contains simple values like strings, numbers, or booleans.",[41,13478,13480],{"id":13479},"shallow-copy-explained","Shallow copy explained",[14,13482,13483,12892,13485,29],{},[18,13484,12821],{},[435,13486,12895],{},[14,13488,2410],{},[240,13490,13491,13494,13497],{},[243,13492,13493],{},"The top-level dictionary is new",[243,13495,13496],{},"But nested mutable values are still shared",[243,13498,13499],{},"This includes values like lists and dictionaries inside the dictionary",[14,13501,358],{},[46,13503,13505],{"className":48,"code":13504,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"grades\": [90, 85]\n}\n\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nstudent_copy[\"grades\"].append(100)\n\nprint(\"Original:\", student)\nprint(\"Copy:\", student_copy)\nprint(student is student_copy)\nprint(student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"])\n",[18,13506,13507,13515,13533,13556,13560,13564,13578,13582,13607,13611,13629,13648,13663],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,13508,13509,13511,13513],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,13510,12908],{"class":902},[55,13512,906],{"class":703},[55,13514,11535],{"class":65},[55,13516,13517,13519,13521,13523,13525,13527,13529,13531],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,13518,11540],{"class":109},[55,13520,785],{"class":129},[55,13522,126],{"class":109},[55,13524,790],{"class":65},[55,13526,793],{"class":109},[55,13528,12925],{"class":129},[55,13530,126],{"class":109},[55,13532,11556],{"class":65},[55,13534,13535,13537,13540,13542,13544,13546,13549,13551,13554],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,13536,11540],{"class":109},[55,13538,13539],{"class":129},"grades",[55,13541,126],{"class":109},[55,13543,790],{"class":65},[55,13545,909],{"class":65},[55,13547,13548],{"class":75},"90",[55,13550,163],{"class":65},[55,13552,13553],{"class":75}," 85",[55,13555,924],{"class":65},[55,13557,13558],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,13559,9346],{"class":65},[55,13561,13562],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,13563,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,13565,13566,13568,13570,13572,13574,13576],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,13567,12946],{"class":902},[55,13569,906],{"class":703},[55,13571,12951],{"class":902},[55,13573,29],{"class":65},[55,13575,12956],{"class":318},[55,13577,1789],{"class":65},[55,13579,13580],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,13581,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,13583,13584,13586,13588,13590,13592,13594,13597,13600,13602,13605],{"class":57,"line":582},[55,13585,12971],{"class":902},[55,13587,4186],{"class":65},[55,13589,126],{"class":109},[55,13591,13539],{"class":129},[55,13593,126],{"class":109},[55,13595,13596],{"class":65},"].",[55,13598,13599],{"class":318},"append",[55,13601,66],{"class":65},[55,13603,13604],{"class":75},"100",[55,13606,322],{"class":65},[55,13608,13609],{"class":57,"line":6706},[55,13610,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,13612,13613,13615,13617,13619,13621,13623,13625,13627],{"class":57,"line":6711},[55,13614,62],{"class":61},[55,13616,66],{"class":65},[55,13618,126],{"class":109},[55,13620,13340],{"class":129},[55,13622,126],{"class":109},[55,13624,163],{"class":65},[55,13626,12951],{"class":318},[55,13628,322],{"class":65},[55,13630,13631,13633,13635,13637,13639,13641,13643,13646],{"class":57,"line":11637},[55,13632,62],{"class":61},[55,13634,66],{"class":65},[55,13636,126],{"class":109},[55,13638,13359],{"class":129},[55,13640,126],{"class":109},[55,13642,163],{"class":65},[55,13644,13645],{"class":318}," student_copy",[55,13647,322],{"class":65},[55,13649,13651,13653,13655,13657,13659,13661],{"class":57,"line":13650},12,[55,13652,62],{"class":61},[55,13654,66],{"class":65},[55,13656,12908],{"class":318},[55,13658,12237],{"class":1193},[55,13660,13645],{"class":318},[55,13662,322],{"class":65},[55,13664,13666,13668,13670,13673,13675,13677,13679,13681,13683,13685,13687,13689,13691,13693,13695],{"class":57,"line":13665},13,[55,13667,62],{"class":61},[55,13669,66],{"class":65},[55,13671,13672],{"class":318},"student",[55,13674,4186],{"class":65},[55,13676,126],{"class":109},[55,13678,13539],{"class":129},[55,13680,126],{"class":109},[55,13682,13319],{"class":65},[55,13684,1232],{"class":1193},[55,13686,13645],{"class":318},[55,13688,4186],{"class":65},[55,13690,126],{"class":109},[55,13692,13539],{"class":129},[55,13694,126],{"class":109},[55,13696,4174],{"class":65},[14,13698,13699],{},[435,13700,281],{},[46,13702,13704],{"className":48,"code":13703,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Original: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nCopy: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nFalse\nTrue\n",[18,13705,13706,13753,13799,13803],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,13707,13708,13710,13712,13714,13716,13718,13720,13722,13724,13726,13728,13730,13732,13734,13736,13738,13740,13742,13744,13746,13748,13750],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,13709,13382],{"class":902},[55,13711,790],{"class":65},[55,13713,10529],{"class":65},[55,13715,1923],{"class":109},[55,13717,785],{"class":129},[55,13719,1923],{"class":109},[55,13721,790],{"class":65},[55,13723,1918],{"class":109},[55,13725,12925],{"class":129},[55,13727,1923],{"class":109},[55,13729,163],{"class":65},[55,13731,1918],{"class":109},[55,13733,13539],{"class":129},[55,13735,1923],{"class":109},[55,13737,790],{"class":65},[55,13739,909],{"class":65},[55,13741,13548],{"class":75},[55,13743,163],{"class":65},[55,13745,13553],{"class":75},[55,13747,163],{"class":65},[55,13749,10156],{"class":75},[55,13751,13752],{"class":65},"]}\n",[55,13754,13755,13757,13759,13761,13763,13765,13767,13769,13771,13773,13775,13777,13779,13781,13783,13785,13787,13789,13791,13793,13795,13797],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,13756,13419],{"class":902},[55,13758,790],{"class":65},[55,13760,10529],{"class":65},[55,13762,1923],{"class":109},[55,13764,785],{"class":129},[55,13766,1923],{"class":109},[55,13768,790],{"class":65},[55,13770,1918],{"class":109},[55,13772,12925],{"class":129},[55,13774,1923],{"class":109},[55,13776,163],{"class":65},[55,13778,1918],{"class":109},[55,13780,13539],{"class":129},[55,13782,1923],{"class":109},[55,13784,790],{"class":65},[55,13786,909],{"class":65},[55,13788,13548],{"class":75},[55,13790,163],{"class":65},[55,13792,13553],{"class":75},[55,13794,163],{"class":65},[55,13796,10156],{"class":75},[55,13798,13752],{"class":65},[55,13800,13801],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,13802,188],{"class":187},[55,13804,13805],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,13806,193],{"class":187},[14,13808,13809],{},"Notice the difference:",[240,13811,13812,13820],{},[243,13813,13814,5069,13817,13819],{},[18,13815,13816],{},"student is student_copy",[18,13818,28],{},", so they are different dictionaries",[243,13821,13822,5069,13825,13827],{},[18,13823,13824],{},"student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"]",[18,13826,24],{},", so both dictionaries share the same list",[14,13829,13830],{},"Because of that, changing the nested list in the copy also changed the original.",[14,13832,13833,13834,29],{},"If you want to understand this in more detail, see ",[294,13835,13837],{"href":13836},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","Python shallow copy vs deep copy explained",[41,13839,5247,13841],{"id":13840},"when-to-use-copy",[18,13842,12821],{},[14,13844,212,13845,10640],{},[18,13846,12821],{},[240,13848,13849,13852,13855,13858],{},[243,13850,13851],{},"You want to edit a dictionary without changing the original",[243,13853,13854],{},"You need a backup before making updates",[243,13856,13857],{},"You pass a dictionary to code that may modify it",[243,13859,13860],{},"Your dictionary contains only simple values, so a shallow copy is enough",[14,13862,358],{},[46,13864,13866],{"className":48,"code":13865,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\", \"font_size\": 14}\nsettings_backup = settings.copy()\n\nsettings[\"font_size\"] = 16\n\nprint(\"Current:\", settings)\nprint(\"Backup:\", settings_backup)\n",[18,13867,13868,13907,13923,13927,13947,13951,13970],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,13869,13870,13873,13875,13877,13879,13881,13883,13885,13887,13889,13891,13893,13895,13898,13900,13902,13905],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,13871,13872],{"class":902},"settings ",[55,13874,906],{"class":703},[55,13876,10529],{"class":65},[55,13878,126],{"class":109},[55,13880,12538],{"class":129},[55,13882,126],{"class":109},[55,13884,790],{"class":65},[55,13886,793],{"class":109},[55,13888,12547],{"class":129},[55,13890,126],{"class":109},[55,13892,163],{"class":65},[55,13894,793],{"class":109},[55,13896,13897],{"class":129},"font_size",[55,13899,126],{"class":109},[55,13901,790],{"class":65},[55,13903,13904],{"class":75}," 14",[55,13906,9346],{"class":65},[55,13908,13909,13912,13914,13917,13919,13921],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,13910,13911],{"class":902},"settings_backup ",[55,13913,906],{"class":703},[55,13915,13916],{"class":902}," settings",[55,13918,29],{"class":65},[55,13920,12956],{"class":318},[55,13922,1789],{"class":65},[55,13924,13925],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,13926,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,13928,13929,13932,13934,13936,13938,13940,13942,13944],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,13930,13931],{"class":902},"settings",[55,13933,4186],{"class":65},[55,13935,126],{"class":109},[55,13937,13897],{"class":129},[55,13939,126],{"class":109},[55,13941,13319],{"class":65},[55,13943,13322],{"class":703},[55,13945,13946],{"class":75}," 16\n",[55,13948,13949],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,13950,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,13952,13953,13955,13957,13959,13962,13964,13966,13968],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,13954,62],{"class":61},[55,13956,66],{"class":65},[55,13958,126],{"class":109},[55,13960,13961],{"class":129},"Current:",[55,13963,126],{"class":109},[55,13965,163],{"class":65},[55,13967,13916],{"class":318},[55,13969,322],{"class":65},[55,13971,13972,13974,13976,13978,13981,13983,13985,13988],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,13973,62],{"class":61},[55,13975,66],{"class":65},[55,13977,126],{"class":109},[55,13979,13980],{"class":129},"Backup:",[55,13982,126],{"class":109},[55,13984,163],{"class":65},[55,13986,13987],{"class":318}," settings_backup",[55,13989,322],{"class":65},[14,13991,13992],{},[435,13993,281],{},[46,13995,13997],{"className":48,"code":13996,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Current: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 16}\nBackup: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 14}\n",[18,13998,13999,14037],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,14000,14001,14004,14006,14008,14010,14012,14014,14016,14018,14020,14022,14024,14026,14028,14030,14032,14035],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,14002,14003],{"class":902},"Current",[55,14005,790],{"class":65},[55,14007,10529],{"class":65},[55,14009,1923],{"class":109},[55,14011,12538],{"class":129},[55,14013,1923],{"class":109},[55,14015,790],{"class":65},[55,14017,1918],{"class":109},[55,14019,12547],{"class":129},[55,14021,1923],{"class":109},[55,14023,163],{"class":65},[55,14025,1918],{"class":109},[55,14027,13897],{"class":129},[55,14029,1923],{"class":109},[55,14031,790],{"class":65},[55,14033,14034],{"class":75}," 16",[55,14036,9346],{"class":65},[55,14038,14039,14042,14044,14046,14048,14050,14052,14054,14056,14058,14060,14062,14064,14066,14068,14070,14072],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,14040,14041],{"class":902},"Backup",[55,14043,790],{"class":65},[55,14045,10529],{"class":65},[55,14047,1923],{"class":109},[55,14049,12538],{"class":129},[55,14051,1923],{"class":109},[55,14053,790],{"class":65},[55,14055,1918],{"class":109},[55,14057,12547],{"class":129},[55,14059,1923],{"class":109},[55,14061,163],{"class":65},[55,14063,1918],{"class":109},[55,14065,13897],{"class":129},[55,14067,1923],{"class":109},[55,14069,790],{"class":65},[55,14071,13904],{"class":75},[55,14073,9346],{"class":65},[14,14075,14076,14077,25,14083,29],{},"This is a common pattern before using methods that change a dictionary, such as ",[294,14078,14080],{"href":14079},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method",[18,14081,14082],{},"dict.update()",[294,14084,14085],{"href":12868},[18,14086,11368],{},[41,14088,14090,14092],{"id":14089},"copy-vs-assignment",[18,14091,12821],{}," vs assignment",[14,14094,14095],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes.",[14,14097,1556,14098,14100,14101,14103],{},[18,14099,906],{}," does ",[435,14102,4916],{}," make a new dictionary. It only creates another variable that refers to the same object.",[889,14105,14107],{"id":14106},"using-assignment","Using assignment",[46,14109,14111],{"className":48,"code":14110,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nassigned = original\n\nassigned[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Assigned:\", assigned)\nprint(original is assigned)\n",[18,14112,14113,14145,14154,14158,14178,14182,14200,14220],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,14114,14115,14117,14119,14121,14123,14125,14127,14129,14131,14133,14135,14137,14139,14141,14143],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,14116,12129],{"class":902},[55,14118,906],{"class":703},[55,14120,10529],{"class":65},[55,14122,126],{"class":109},[55,14124,2477],{"class":129},[55,14126,126],{"class":109},[55,14128,790],{"class":65},[55,14130,5782],{"class":75},[55,14132,163],{"class":65},[55,14134,793],{"class":109},[55,14136,11788],{"class":129},[55,14138,126],{"class":109},[55,14140,790],{"class":65},[55,14142,166],{"class":75},[55,14144,9346],{"class":65},[55,14146,14147,14150,14152],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,14148,14149],{"class":902},"assigned ",[55,14151,906],{"class":703},[55,14153,12167],{"class":902},[55,14155,14156],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,14157,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,14159,14160,14163,14165,14167,14169,14171,14173,14175],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,14161,14162],{"class":902},"assigned",[55,14164,4186],{"class":65},[55,14166,126],{"class":109},[55,14168,2477],{"class":129},[55,14170,126],{"class":109},[55,14172,13319],{"class":65},[55,14174,13322],{"class":703},[55,14176,14177],{"class":75}," 99\n",[55,14179,14180],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,14181,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,14183,14184,14186,14188,14190,14192,14194,14196,14198],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,14185,62],{"class":61},[55,14187,66],{"class":65},[55,14189,126],{"class":109},[55,14191,13340],{"class":129},[55,14193,126],{"class":109},[55,14195,163],{"class":65},[55,14197,12204],{"class":318},[55,14199,322],{"class":65},[55,14201,14202,14204,14206,14208,14211,14213,14215,14218],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,14203,62],{"class":61},[55,14205,66],{"class":65},[55,14207,126],{"class":109},[55,14209,14210],{"class":129},"Assigned:",[55,14212,126],{"class":109},[55,14214,163],{"class":65},[55,14216,14217],{"class":318}," assigned",[55,14219,322],{"class":65},[55,14221,14222,14224,14226,14228,14230,14232],{"class":57,"line":582},[55,14223,62],{"class":61},[55,14225,66],{"class":65},[55,14227,12129],{"class":318},[55,14229,12237],{"class":1193},[55,14231,14217],{"class":318},[55,14233,322],{"class":65},[14,14235,14236],{},[435,14237,281],{},[46,14239,14241],{"className":48,"code":14240,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Original: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nAssigned: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nTrue\n",[18,14242,14243,14275,14308],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,14244,14245,14247,14249,14251,14253,14255,14257,14259,14261,14263,14265,14267,14269,14271,14273],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,14246,13382],{"class":902},[55,14248,790],{"class":65},[55,14250,10529],{"class":65},[55,14252,1923],{"class":109},[55,14254,2477],{"class":129},[55,14256,1923],{"class":109},[55,14258,790],{"class":65},[55,14260,10235],{"class":75},[55,14262,163],{"class":65},[55,14264,1918],{"class":109},[55,14266,11788],{"class":129},[55,14268,1923],{"class":109},[55,14270,790],{"class":65},[55,14272,166],{"class":75},[55,14274,9346],{"class":65},[55,14276,14277,14280,14282,14284,14286,14288,14290,14292,14294,14296,14298,14300,14302,14304,14306],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,14278,14279],{"class":902},"Assigned",[55,14281,790],{"class":65},[55,14283,10529],{"class":65},[55,14285,1923],{"class":109},[55,14287,2477],{"class":129},[55,14289,1923],{"class":109},[55,14291,790],{"class":65},[55,14293,10235],{"class":75},[55,14295,163],{"class":65},[55,14297,1918],{"class":109},[55,14299,11788],{"class":129},[55,14301,1923],{"class":109},[55,14303,790],{"class":65},[55,14305,166],{"class":75},[55,14307,9346],{"class":65},[55,14309,14310],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,14311,193],{"class":187},[889,14313,1556,14315],{"id":14314},"using-copy",[18,14316,12821],{},[46,14318,14320],{"className":48,"code":14319,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Copied:\", copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[18,14321,14322,14354,14369,14373,14392,14396,14414,14434],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,14323,14324,14326,14328,14330,14332,14334,14336,14338,14340,14342,14344,14346,14348,14350,14352],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,14325,12129],{"class":902},[55,14327,906],{"class":703},[55,14329,10529],{"class":65},[55,14331,126],{"class":109},[55,14333,2477],{"class":129},[55,14335,126],{"class":109},[55,14337,790],{"class":65},[55,14339,5782],{"class":75},[55,14341,163],{"class":65},[55,14343,793],{"class":109},[55,14345,11788],{"class":129},[55,14347,126],{"class":109},[55,14349,790],{"class":65},[55,14351,166],{"class":75},[55,14353,9346],{"class":65},[55,14355,14356,14359,14361,14363,14365,14367],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,14357,14358],{"class":902},"copied ",[55,14360,906],{"class":703},[55,14362,12204],{"class":902},[55,14364,29],{"class":65},[55,14366,12956],{"class":318},[55,14368,1789],{"class":65},[55,14370,14371],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,14372,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,14374,14375,14378,14380,14382,14384,14386,14388,14390],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,14376,14377],{"class":902},"copied",[55,14379,4186],{"class":65},[55,14381,126],{"class":109},[55,14383,2477],{"class":129},[55,14385,126],{"class":109},[55,14387,13319],{"class":65},[55,14389,13322],{"class":703},[55,14391,14177],{"class":75},[55,14393,14394],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,14395,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,14397,14398,14400,14402,14404,14406,14408,14410,14412],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,14399,62],{"class":61},[55,14401,66],{"class":65},[55,14403,126],{"class":109},[55,14405,13340],{"class":129},[55,14407,126],{"class":109},[55,14409,163],{"class":65},[55,14411,12204],{"class":318},[55,14413,322],{"class":65},[55,14415,14416,14418,14420,14422,14425,14427,14429,14432],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,14417,62],{"class":61},[55,14419,66],{"class":65},[55,14421,126],{"class":109},[55,14423,14424],{"class":129},"Copied:",[55,14426,126],{"class":109},[55,14428,163],{"class":65},[55,14430,14431],{"class":318}," copied",[55,14433,322],{"class":65},[55,14435,14436,14438,14440,14442,14444,14446],{"class":57,"line":582},[55,14437,62],{"class":61},[55,14439,66],{"class":65},[55,14441,12129],{"class":318},[55,14443,12237],{"class":1193},[55,14445,14431],{"class":318},[55,14447,322],{"class":65},[14,14449,14450],{},[435,14451,281],{},[46,14453,14455],{"className":48,"code":14454,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Original: {'x': 1, 'y': 2}\nCopied: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nFalse\n",[18,14456,14457,14489,14522],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,14458,14459,14461,14463,14465,14467,14469,14471,14473,14475,14477,14479,14481,14483,14485,14487],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,14460,13382],{"class":902},[55,14462,790],{"class":65},[55,14464,10529],{"class":65},[55,14466,1923],{"class":109},[55,14468,2477],{"class":129},[55,14470,1923],{"class":109},[55,14472,790],{"class":65},[55,14474,5782],{"class":75},[55,14476,163],{"class":65},[55,14478,1918],{"class":109},[55,14480,11788],{"class":129},[55,14482,1923],{"class":109},[55,14484,790],{"class":65},[55,14486,166],{"class":75},[55,14488,9346],{"class":65},[55,14490,14491,14494,14496,14498,14500,14502,14504,14506,14508,14510,14512,14514,14516,14518,14520],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,14492,14493],{"class":902},"Copied",[55,14495,790],{"class":65},[55,14497,10529],{"class":65},[55,14499,1923],{"class":109},[55,14501,2477],{"class":129},[55,14503,1923],{"class":109},[55,14505,790],{"class":65},[55,14507,10235],{"class":75},[55,14509,163],{"class":65},[55,14511,1918],{"class":109},[55,14513,11788],{"class":129},[55,14515,1923],{"class":109},[55,14517,790],{"class":65},[55,14519,166],{"class":75},[55,14521,9346],{"class":65},[55,14523,14524],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,14525,188],{"class":187},[14,14527,14528],{},"Summary:",[240,14530,14531,14537],{},[243,14532,14533,14536],{},[18,14534,14535],{},"assigned = original"," → same dictionary",[243,14538,14539,14542],{},[18,14540,14541],{},"copied = original.copy()"," → new dictionary",[41,14544,14546],{"id":14545},"return-value-and-method-behavior","Return value and method behavior",[14,14548,14549,790],{},[18,14550,12821],{},[240,14552,14553,14556,14559,14562],{},[243,14554,14555],{},"Returns a dictionary",[243,14557,14558],{},"Does not modify the original dictionary",[243,14560,14561],{},"Copies the contents as they are at the time of copying",[243,14563,14564],{},"Keeps later top-level changes separate between the two dictionaries",[14,14566,358],{},[46,14568,14570],{"className":48,"code":14569,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata_copy = data.copy()\n\ndata[\"a\"] = 10\ndata_copy[\"b\"] = 20\n\nprint(\"Original:\", data)\nprint(\"Copy:\", data_copy)\n",[18,14571,14572,14604,14620,14624,14642,14662,14666,14684],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,14573,14574,14576,14578,14580,14582,14584,14586,14588,14590,14592,14594,14596,14598,14600,14602],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,14575,9202],{"class":902},[55,14577,906],{"class":703},[55,14579,10529],{"class":65},[55,14581,126],{"class":109},[55,14583,294],{"class":129},[55,14585,126],{"class":109},[55,14587,790],{"class":65},[55,14589,5782],{"class":75},[55,14591,163],{"class":65},[55,14593,793],{"class":109},[55,14595,5046],{"class":129},[55,14597,126],{"class":109},[55,14599,790],{"class":65},[55,14601,166],{"class":75},[55,14603,9346],{"class":65},[55,14605,14606,14609,14611,14614,14616,14618],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,14607,14608],{"class":902},"data_copy ",[55,14610,906],{"class":703},[55,14612,14613],{"class":902}," data",[55,14615,29],{"class":65},[55,14617,12956],{"class":318},[55,14619,1789],{"class":65},[55,14621,14622],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,14623,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,14625,14626,14628,14630,14632,14634,14636,14638,14640],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,14627,9241],{"class":902},[55,14629,4186],{"class":65},[55,14631,126],{"class":109},[55,14633,294],{"class":129},[55,14635,126],{"class":109},[55,14637,13319],{"class":65},[55,14639,13322],{"class":703},[55,14641,2890],{"class":75},[55,14643,14644,14647,14649,14651,14653,14655,14657,14659],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,14645,14646],{"class":902},"data_copy",[55,14648,4186],{"class":65},[55,14650,126],{"class":109},[55,14652,5046],{"class":129},[55,14654,126],{"class":109},[55,14656,13319],{"class":65},[55,14658,13322],{"class":703},[55,14660,14661],{"class":75}," 20\n",[55,14663,14664],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,14665,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,14667,14668,14670,14672,14674,14676,14678,14680,14682],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,14669,62],{"class":61},[55,14671,66],{"class":65},[55,14673,126],{"class":109},[55,14675,13340],{"class":129},[55,14677,126],{"class":109},[55,14679,163],{"class":65},[55,14681,14613],{"class":318},[55,14683,322],{"class":65},[55,14685,14686,14688,14690,14692,14694,14696,14698,14701],{"class":57,"line":582},[55,14687,62],{"class":61},[55,14689,66],{"class":65},[55,14691,126],{"class":109},[55,14693,13359],{"class":129},[55,14695,126],{"class":109},[55,14697,163],{"class":65},[55,14699,14700],{"class":318}," data_copy",[55,14702,322],{"class":65},[14,14704,14705],{},[435,14706,281],{},[46,14708,14710],{"className":48,"code":14709,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Original: {'a': 10, 'b': 2}\nCopy: {'a': 1, 'b': 20}\n",[18,14711,14712,14744],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,14713,14714,14716,14718,14720,14722,14724,14726,14728,14730,14732,14734,14736,14738,14740,14742],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,14715,13382],{"class":902},[55,14717,790],{"class":65},[55,14719,10529],{"class":65},[55,14721,1923],{"class":109},[55,14723,294],{"class":129},[55,14725,1923],{"class":109},[55,14727,790],{"class":65},[55,14729,6283],{"class":75},[55,14731,163],{"class":65},[55,14733,1918],{"class":109},[55,14735,5046],{"class":129},[55,14737,1923],{"class":109},[55,14739,790],{"class":65},[55,14741,166],{"class":75},[55,14743,9346],{"class":65},[55,14745,14746,14748,14750,14752,14754,14756,14758,14760,14762,14764,14766,14768,14770,14772,14774],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,14747,13419],{"class":902},[55,14749,790],{"class":65},[55,14751,10529],{"class":65},[55,14753,1923],{"class":109},[55,14755,294],{"class":129},[55,14757,1923],{"class":109},[55,14759,790],{"class":65},[55,14761,5782],{"class":75},[55,14763,163],{"class":65},[55,14765,1918],{"class":109},[55,14767,5046],{"class":129},[55,14769,1923],{"class":109},[55,14771,790],{"class":65},[55,14773,916],{"class":75},[55,14775,9346],{"class":65},[41,14777,1586],{"id":1585},[14,14779,14780,14781,790],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into with ",[18,14782,12478],{},[240,14784,14785,14792,14797,14802],{},[243,14786,1556,14787,11132,14789,14791],{},[18,14788,906],{},[18,14790,12821],{}," and expecting an independent dictionary",[243,14793,4864,14794,14796],{},[18,14795,12821],{}," also duplicates nested lists and nested dictionaries",[243,14798,14799,14800],{},"Forgetting to save the return value of ",[18,14801,12821],{},[243,14803,14804],{},"Changing a nested value in the copied dictionary and being surprised that the original also changes",[14,14806,14807],{},"These print statements can help you debug:",[46,14809,14811],{"className":48,"code":14810,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[\"key\"]))\nprint(id(copied[\"key\"]))\n",[18,14812,14813,14823,14833,14847,14870,14893],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,14814,14815,14817,14819,14821],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,14816,62],{"class":61},[55,14818,66],{"class":65},[55,14820,12176],{"class":318},[55,14822,322],{"class":65},[55,14824,14825,14827,14829,14831],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,14826,62],{"class":61},[55,14828,66],{"class":65},[55,14830,14377],{"class":318},[55,14832,322],{"class":65},[55,14834,14835,14837,14839,14841,14843,14845],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,14836,62],{"class":61},[55,14838,66],{"class":65},[55,14840,12129],{"class":318},[55,14842,12237],{"class":1193},[55,14844,14431],{"class":318},[55,14846,322],{"class":65},[55,14848,14849,14851,14853,14855,14857,14859,14861,14864,14866,14868],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,14850,62],{"class":61},[55,14852,66],{"class":65},[55,14854,12693],{"class":61},[55,14856,66],{"class":65},[55,14858,12176],{"class":318},[55,14860,9270],{"class":65},[55,14862,14863],{"class":61}," id",[55,14865,66],{"class":65},[55,14867,14377],{"class":318},[55,14869,79],{"class":65},[55,14871,14872,14874,14876,14878,14880,14882,14884,14886,14889,14891],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,14873,62],{"class":61},[55,14875,66],{"class":65},[55,14877,12693],{"class":61},[55,14879,66],{"class":65},[55,14881,12176],{"class":318},[55,14883,4186],{"class":65},[55,14885,126],{"class":109},[55,14887,14888],{"class":129},"key",[55,14890,126],{"class":109},[55,14892,174],{"class":65},[55,14894,14895,14897,14899,14901,14903,14905,14907,14909,14911,14913],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,14896,62],{"class":61},[55,14898,66],{"class":65},[55,14900,12693],{"class":61},[55,14902,66],{"class":65},[55,14904,14377],{"class":318},[55,14906,4186],{"class":65},[55,14908,126],{"class":109},[55,14910,14888],{"class":129},[55,14912,126],{"class":109},[55,14914,174],{"class":65},[14,14916,14917],{},"What these help you check:",[240,14919,14920,14923,14926],{},[243,14921,14922],{},"Whether the dictionaries have the same contents",[243,14924,14925],{},"Whether the two variables point to the same dictionary",[243,14927,14928],{},"Whether a nested value is shared between both dictionaries",[14,14930,14931,14932,29],{},"If you need to copy nested data structures too, you may need a deep copy. A related example is ",[294,14933,14935],{"href":14934},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python","how to copy a list in Python",[41,14937,2139],{"id":2138},[889,14939,12748,14941,14943],{"id":14940},"does-dictcopy-change-the-original-dictionary",[18,14942,12478],{}," change the original dictionary?",[14,14945,14946],{},"No. It returns a new dictionary and leaves the original unchanged.",[889,14948,14950,14951,14953],{"id":14949},"is-dictcopy-a-deep-copy","Is ",[18,14952,12478],{}," a deep copy?",[14,14955,14956],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable objects are still shared.",[889,14958,5466,14960,4679,14962,2794],{"id":14959},"what-is-the-difference-between-copy-and",[18,14961,12821],{},[18,14963,906],{},[14,14965,14966,14968,14969,14971],{},[18,14967,12821],{}," creates a new dictionary object. ",[18,14970,906],{}," makes a new variable name pointing to the same dictionary.",[889,14973,14975],{"id":14974},"when-should-i-use-a-deep-copy-instead","When should I use a deep copy instead?",[14,14977,14978],{},"Use a deep copy when your dictionary contains nested mutable objects and you want fully independent copies.",[41,14980,2193],{"id":2192},[240,14982,14983,14987,14991,14995,15002,15008],{},[243,14984,14985],{},[294,14986,11283],{"href":13071},[243,14988,14989],{},[294,14990,9192],{"href":13068},[243,14992,14993],{},[294,14994,13837],{"href":13836},[243,14996,14997],{},[294,14998,10776,14999,10780],{"href":14079},[18,15000,15001],{},"update()",[243,15003,15004],{},[294,15005,10776,15006,10780],{"href":12868},[18,15007,11362],{},[243,15009,15010],{},[294,15011,15012],{"href":14934},"How to copy a list in Python",[2226,15014,15015],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":15017},[15018,15019,15021,15022,15023,15024,15026,15032,15033,15034,15043],{"id":2307,"depth":82,"text":2308},{"id":13040,"depth":82,"text":15020},"What the copy() method does",{"id":2459,"depth":82,"text":2460},{"id":11516,"depth":82,"text":11517},{"id":13479,"depth":82,"text":13480},{"id":13840,"depth":82,"text":15025},"When to use copy()",{"id":14089,"depth":82,"text":15027,"children":15028},"copy() vs assignment",[15029,15030],{"id":14106,"depth":98,"text":14107},{"id":14314,"depth":98,"text":15031},"Using copy()",{"id":14545,"depth":82,"text":14546},{"id":1585,"depth":82,"text":1586},{"id":2138,"depth":82,"text":2139,"children":15035},[15036,15038,15040,15042],{"id":14940,"depth":98,"text":15037},"Does dict.copy() change the original dictionary?",{"id":14949,"depth":98,"text":15039},"Is dict.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":14959,"depth":98,"text":15041},"What is the difference between copy() and =?",{"id":14974,"depth":98,"text":14975},{"id":2192,"depth":82,"text":2193},"Master python dictionary copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method",{"title":12874,"description":15044},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method","b4gPFp73mvuYzt0UIHo5udng8ybOHeuBHmfXr7S8Gq0",{"id":15051,"title":15052,"body":15053,"description":17252,"extension":2267,"meta":17253,"navigation":1121,"path":13071,"seo":17254,"stem":17255,"__hash__":17256},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary.md","Python Dictionary: Creating a Dictionary",{"type":7,"value":15054,"toc":17214},[15055,15058,15064,15073,15075,15151,15155,15204,15207,15211,15225,15228,15232,15245,15248,15281,15295,15298,15310,15314,15317,15325,15405,15409,15462,15466,15484,15486,15568,15571,15573,15576,15579,15602,15626,15630,15638,15641,15645,15654,15659,15717,15721,15754,15760,15766,15769,15824,15828,15878,15881,15887,15890,15898,15900,15945,15950,15959,15962,15965,16012,16014,16019,16022,16116,16120,16173,16176,16232,16235,16239,16242,16256,16260,16326,16330,16355,16358,16362,16440,16444,16447,16450,16470,16473,16526,16530,16533,16536,16549,16551,16640,16647,16650,16661,16663,16666,16686,16690,16693,16702,16705,16744,16748,16750,16759,16768,16770,16808,16812,16859,16863,16884,16888,16891,17003,17008,17106,17128,17130,17134,17141,17145,17151,17155,17158,17162,17165,17172,17180,17182,17208,17211],[10,15056,15052],{"id":15057},"python-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[14,15059,15060,15061,15063],{},"A dictionary in Python stores data as ",[435,15062,9168],{},". This page shows the main ways to create a dictionary, the basic syntax, and a few common beginner mistakes to avoid.",[14,15065,15066,15067,25,15069,29],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, you may also want to read ",[294,15068,9192],{"href":9191},[294,15070,15072],{"href":15071},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","what is a dictionary in Python",[41,15074,2308],{"id":2307},[46,15076,15078],{"className":48,"code":15077,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"is_active\": True\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[18,15079,15080,15088,15106,15120,15133,15137,15141],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,15081,15082,15084,15086],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,15083,12908],{"class":902},[55,15085,906],{"class":703},[55,15087,11535],{"class":65},[55,15089,15090,15092,15094,15096,15098,15100,15102,15104],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,15091,11540],{"class":109},[55,15093,785],{"class":129},[55,15095,126],{"class":109},[55,15097,790],{"class":65},[55,15099,793],{"class":109},[55,15101,12925],{"class":129},[55,15103,126],{"class":109},[55,15105,11556],{"class":65},[55,15107,15108,15110,15112,15114,15116,15118],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,15109,11540],{"class":109},[55,15111,9336],{"class":129},[55,15113,126],{"class":109},[55,15115,790],{"class":65},[55,15117,916],{"class":75},[55,15119,11556],{"class":65},[55,15121,15122,15124,15127,15129,15131],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,15123,11540],{"class":109},[55,15125,15126],{"class":129},"is_active",[55,15128,126],{"class":109},[55,15130,790],{"class":65},[55,15132,6698],{"class":187},[55,15134,15135],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,15136,9346],{"class":65},[55,15138,15139],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,15140,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,15142,15143,15145,15147,15149],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,15144,62],{"class":61},[55,15146,66],{"class":65},[55,15148,13672],{"class":318},[55,15150,322],{"class":65},[14,15152,15153],{},[435,15154,281],{},[46,15156,15158],{"className":48,"code":15157,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'is_active': True}\n",[18,15159,15160],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,15161,15162,15164,15166,15168,15170,15172,15174,15176,15178,15180,15182,15184,15186,15188,15190,15192,15194,15196,15198,15200,15202],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,15163,9315],{"class":65},[55,15165,1923],{"class":109},[55,15167,785],{"class":129},[55,15169,1923],{"class":109},[55,15171,790],{"class":65},[55,15173,1918],{"class":109},[55,15175,12925],{"class":129},[55,15177,1923],{"class":109},[55,15179,163],{"class":65},[55,15181,1918],{"class":109},[55,15183,9336],{"class":129},[55,15185,1923],{"class":109},[55,15187,790],{"class":65},[55,15189,916],{"class":75},[55,15191,163],{"class":65},[55,15193,1918],{"class":109},[55,15195,15126],{"class":129},[55,15197,1923],{"class":109},[55,15199,790],{"class":65},[55,15201,4202],{"class":187},[55,15203,9346],{"class":65},[14,15205,15206],{},"Use curly braces with key-value pairs separated by commas. Keys and values are joined with a colon.",[41,15208,15210],{"id":15209},"what-this-page-covers","What this page covers",[240,15212,15213,15216,15219,15222],{},[243,15214,15215],{},"What a dictionary is",[243,15217,15218],{},"The basic syntax for creating one",[243,15220,15221],{},"Common ways to make a dictionary",[243,15223,15224],{},"Beginner mistakes to avoid",[41,15226,15215],{"id":15227},"what-a-dictionary-is",[14,15229,9165,15230,29],{},[435,15231,9168],{},[240,15233,15234,15240],{},[243,15235,15236,15237,15239],{},"A ",[435,15238,14888],{}," is the label",[243,15241,15236,15242,15244],{},[435,15243,319],{}," is the data connected to that label",[14,15246,15247],{},"For example, in this dictionary:",[46,15249,15251],{"className":48,"code":15250,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\"\n}\n",[18,15252,15253,15261,15277],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,15254,15255,15257,15259],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,15256,12908],{"class":902},[55,15258,906],{"class":703},[55,15260,11535],{"class":65},[55,15262,15263,15265,15267,15269,15271,15273,15275],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,15264,11540],{"class":109},[55,15266,785],{"class":129},[55,15268,126],{"class":109},[55,15270,790],{"class":65},[55,15272,793],{"class":109},[55,15274,12925],{"class":129},[55,15276,1052],{"class":109},[55,15278,15279],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,15280,9346],{"class":65},[240,15282,15283,15289],{},[243,15284,15285,15288],{},[18,15286,15287],{},"\"name\""," is the key",[243,15290,15291,15294],{},[18,15292,15293],{},"\"Ana\""," is the value",[14,15296,15297],{},"Dictionaries are useful when your data has labels, such as:",[240,15299,15300,15302,15304,15307],{},[243,15301,785],{},[243,15303,9336],{},[243,15305,15306],{},"email",[243,15308,15309],{},"country",[41,15311,15313],{"id":15312},"create-a-dictionary-with-curly-braces","Create a dictionary with curly braces",[14,15315,15316],{},"This is the most common way to create a dictionary.",[14,15318,212,15319,15321,15322,29],{},[18,15320,471],{}," and write each item as ",[18,15323,15324],{},"key: value",[46,15326,15328],{"className":48,"code":15327,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"course\": \"Python\"\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[18,15329,15330,15338,15356,15370,15387,15391,15395],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,15331,15332,15334,15336],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,15333,12908],{"class":902},[55,15335,906],{"class":703},[55,15337,11535],{"class":65},[55,15339,15340,15342,15344,15346,15348,15350,15352,15354],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,15341,11540],{"class":109},[55,15343,785],{"class":129},[55,15345,126],{"class":109},[55,15347,790],{"class":65},[55,15349,793],{"class":109},[55,15351,12925],{"class":129},[55,15353,126],{"class":109},[55,15355,11556],{"class":65},[55,15357,15358,15360,15362,15364,15366,15368],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,15359,11540],{"class":109},[55,15361,9336],{"class":129},[55,15363,126],{"class":109},[55,15365,790],{"class":65},[55,15367,916],{"class":75},[55,15369,11556],{"class":65},[55,15371,15372,15374,15377,15379,15381,15383,15385],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,15373,11540],{"class":109},[55,15375,15376],{"class":129},"course",[55,15378,126],{"class":109},[55,15380,790],{"class":65},[55,15382,793],{"class":109},[55,15384,393],{"class":129},[55,15386,1052],{"class":109},[55,15388,15389],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,15390,9346],{"class":65},[55,15392,15393],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,15394,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,15396,15397,15399,15401,15403],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,15398,62],{"class":61},[55,15400,66],{"class":65},[55,15402,13672],{"class":318},[55,15404,322],{"class":65},[14,15406,15407],{},[435,15408,281],{},[46,15410,15412],{"className":48,"code":15411,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'course': 'Python'}\n",[18,15413,15414],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,15415,15416,15418,15420,15422,15424,15426,15428,15430,15432,15434,15436,15438,15440,15442,15444,15446,15448,15450,15452,15454,15456,15458,15460],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,15417,9315],{"class":65},[55,15419,1923],{"class":109},[55,15421,785],{"class":129},[55,15423,1923],{"class":109},[55,15425,790],{"class":65},[55,15427,1918],{"class":109},[55,15429,12925],{"class":129},[55,15431,1923],{"class":109},[55,15433,163],{"class":65},[55,15435,1918],{"class":109},[55,15437,9336],{"class":129},[55,15439,1923],{"class":109},[55,15441,790],{"class":65},[55,15443,916],{"class":75},[55,15445,163],{"class":65},[55,15447,1918],{"class":109},[55,15449,15376],{"class":129},[55,15451,1923],{"class":109},[55,15453,790],{"class":65},[55,15455,1918],{"class":109},[55,15457,393],{"class":129},[55,15459,1923],{"class":109},[55,15461,9346],{"class":65},[889,15463,15465],{"id":15464},"syntax-rules","Syntax rules",[240,15467,15468,15473,15478,15481],{},[243,15469,212,15470,15472],{},[18,15471,471],{}," to start and end the dictionary",[243,15474,15475,15476],{},"Write each item as ",[18,15477,15324],{},[243,15479,15480],{},"Separate items with commas",[243,15482,15483],{},"String keys are usually written in quotes",[14,15485,358],{},[46,15487,15489],{"className":48,"code":15488,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"book = {\n    \"title\": \"Python Basics\",\n    \"pages\": 150,\n    \"available\": True\n}\n\nprint(book)\n",[18,15490,15491,15500,15520,15536,15549,15553,15557],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,15492,15493,15496,15498],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,15494,15495],{"class":902},"book ",[55,15497,906],{"class":703},[55,15499,11535],{"class":65},[55,15501,15502,15504,15507,15509,15511,15513,15516,15518],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,15503,11540],{"class":109},[55,15505,15506],{"class":129},"title",[55,15508,126],{"class":109},[55,15510,790],{"class":65},[55,15512,793],{"class":109},[55,15514,15515],{"class":129},"Python Basics",[55,15517,126],{"class":109},[55,15519,11556],{"class":65},[55,15521,15522,15524,15527,15529,15531,15534],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,15523,11540],{"class":109},[55,15525,15526],{"class":129},"pages",[55,15528,126],{"class":109},[55,15530,790],{"class":65},[55,15532,15533],{"class":75}," 150",[55,15535,11556],{"class":65},[55,15537,15538,15540,15543,15545,15547],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,15539,11540],{"class":109},[55,15541,15542],{"class":129},"available",[55,15544,126],{"class":109},[55,15546,790],{"class":65},[55,15548,6698],{"class":187},[55,15550,15551],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,15552,9346],{"class":65},[55,15554,15555],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,15556,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,15558,15559,15561,15563,15566],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,15560,62],{"class":61},[55,15562,66],{"class":65},[55,15564,15565],{"class":318},"book",[55,15567,322],{"class":65},[14,15569,15570],{},"This style is best when you already know the keys and values you want to add.",[41,15572,9440],{"id":9439},[14,15574,15575],{},"Sometimes you want to start with an empty dictionary and add items later.",[14,15577,15578],{},"You can create an empty dictionary in two ways:",[46,15580,15582],{"className":48,"code":15581,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {}\nprint(data)\n",[18,15583,15584,15592],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,15585,15586,15588,15590],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,15587,9202],{"class":902},[55,15589,906],{"class":703},[55,15591,9876],{"class":65},[55,15593,15594,15596,15598,15600],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,15595,62],{"class":61},[55,15597,66],{"class":65},[55,15599,9241],{"class":318},[55,15601,322],{"class":65},[46,15603,15604],{"className":48,"code":9443,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,15605,15606,15616],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,15607,15608,15610,15612,15614],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,15609,9202],{"class":902},[55,15611,906],{"class":703},[55,15613,9207],{"class":69},[55,15615,1789],{"class":65},[55,15617,15618,15620,15622,15624],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,15619,62],{"class":61},[55,15621,66],{"class":65},[55,15623,9241],{"class":318},[55,15625,322],{"class":65},[14,15627,15628],{},[435,15629,281],{},[46,15631,15632],{"className":48,"code":9472,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,15633,15634],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,15635,15636],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,15637,9472],{"class":65},[14,15639,15640],{},"Both are correct.",[889,15642,15644],{"id":15643},"important-beginner-note","Important beginner note",[14,15646,15647,15649,15650,15653],{},[18,15648,471],{}," creates an empty ",[435,15651,15652],{},"dictionary",", not an empty set.",[14,15655,15656,15657,29],{},"If you want an empty set, you must use ",[18,15658,476],{},[46,15660,15662],{"className":48,"code":15661,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_dict = {}\nmy_set = set()\n\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(type(my_set))\n",[18,15663,15664,15672,15684,15688,15702],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,15665,15666,15668,15670],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,15667,11767],{"class":902},[55,15669,906],{"class":703},[55,15671,9876],{"class":65},[55,15673,15674,15677,15679,15682],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,15675,15676],{"class":902},"my_set ",[55,15678,906],{"class":703},[55,15680,15681],{"class":69}," set",[55,15683,1789],{"class":65},[55,15685,15686],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,15687,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,15689,15690,15692,15694,15696,15698,15700],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,15691,62],{"class":61},[55,15693,66],{"class":65},[55,15695,1879],{"class":69},[55,15697,66],{"class":65},[55,15699,11491],{"class":318},[55,15701,79],{"class":65},[55,15703,15704,15706,15708,15710,15712,15715],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,15705,62],{"class":61},[55,15707,66],{"class":65},[55,15709,1879],{"class":69},[55,15711,66],{"class":65},[55,15713,15714],{"class":318},"my_set",[55,15716,79],{"class":65},[14,15718,15719],{},[435,15720,281],{},[46,15722,15724],{"className":48,"code":15723,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[18,15725,15726,15740],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,15727,15728,15730,15732,15734,15736,15738],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,15729,1911],{"class":703},[55,15731,1915],{"class":1914},[55,15733,1918],{"class":109},[55,15735,1975],{"class":129},[55,15737,1923],{"class":109},[55,15739,1926],{"class":703},[55,15741,15742,15744,15746,15748,15750,15752],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,15743,1911],{"class":703},[55,15745,1915],{"class":1914},[55,15747,1918],{"class":109},[55,15749,576],{"class":129},[55,15751,1923],{"class":109},[55,15753,1926],{"class":703},[41,15755,15757,15758],{"id":15756},"create-a-dictionary-with-dict","Create a dictionary with ",[18,15759,9156],{},[14,15761,15762,15763,15765],{},"You can also use ",[18,15764,9156],{}," to create a dictionary.",[14,15767,15768],{},"One simple way is with keyword arguments:",[46,15770,15772],{"className":48,"code":15771,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"student = dict(name=\"Ana\", age=20, active=True)\nprint(student)\n",[18,15773,15774,15814],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,15775,15776,15778,15780,15782,15784,15786,15788,15790,15792,15794,15796,15798,15800,15803,15805,15808,15810,15812],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,15777,12908],{"class":902},[55,15779,906],{"class":703},[55,15781,9207],{"class":69},[55,15783,66],{"class":65},[55,15785,785],{"class":9212},[55,15787,906],{"class":703},[55,15789,126],{"class":109},[55,15791,12925],{"class":129},[55,15793,126],{"class":109},[55,15795,163],{"class":65},[55,15797,9225],{"class":9212},[55,15799,906],{"class":703},[55,15801,15802],{"class":75},"20",[55,15804,163],{"class":65},[55,15806,15807],{"class":9212}," active",[55,15809,906],{"class":703},[55,15811,24],{"class":187},[55,15813,322],{"class":65},[55,15815,15816,15818,15820,15822],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,15817,62],{"class":61},[55,15819,66],{"class":65},[55,15821,13672],{"class":318},[55,15823,322],{"class":65},[14,15825,15826],{},[435,15827,281],{},[46,15829,15831],{"className":48,"code":15830,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'active': True}\n",[18,15832,15833],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,15834,15835,15837,15839,15841,15843,15845,15847,15849,15851,15853,15855,15857,15859,15861,15863,15865,15867,15870,15872,15874,15876],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,15836,9315],{"class":65},[55,15838,1923],{"class":109},[55,15840,785],{"class":129},[55,15842,1923],{"class":109},[55,15844,790],{"class":65},[55,15846,1918],{"class":109},[55,15848,12925],{"class":129},[55,15850,1923],{"class":109},[55,15852,163],{"class":65},[55,15854,1918],{"class":109},[55,15856,9336],{"class":129},[55,15858,1923],{"class":109},[55,15860,790],{"class":65},[55,15862,916],{"class":75},[55,15864,163],{"class":65},[55,15866,1918],{"class":109},[55,15868,15869],{"class":129},"active",[55,15871,1923],{"class":109},[55,15873,790],{"class":65},[55,15875,4202],{"class":187},[55,15877,9346],{"class":65},[14,15879,15880],{},"This can be easy to read for small dictionaries.",[889,15882,15884,15885],{"id":15883},"important-rule-for-dict","Important rule for ",[18,15886,9156],{},[14,15888,15889],{},"When using keyword arguments:",[240,15891,15892,15895],{},[243,15893,15894],{},"keys must be valid Python names",[243,15896,15897],{},"you do not put quotes around the keys",[14,15899,6961],{},[46,15901,15903],{"className":48,"code":15902,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"user = dict(name=\"Sam\", age=25)\nprint(user)\n",[18,15904,15905,15935],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,15906,15907,15909,15911,15913,15915,15917,15919,15921,15923,15925,15927,15929,15931,15933],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,15908,11530],{"class":902},[55,15910,906],{"class":703},[55,15912,9207],{"class":69},[55,15914,66],{"class":65},[55,15916,785],{"class":9212},[55,15918,906],{"class":703},[55,15920,126],{"class":109},[55,15922,796],{"class":129},[55,15924,126],{"class":109},[55,15926,163],{"class":65},[55,15928,9225],{"class":9212},[55,15930,906],{"class":703},[55,15932,9230],{"class":75},[55,15934,322],{"class":65},[55,15936,15937,15939,15941,15943],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,15938,62],{"class":61},[55,15940,66],{"class":65},[55,15942,11624],{"class":318},[55,15944,322],{"class":65},[14,15946,4913,15947,15949],{},[435,15948,4916],{}," work as keyword syntax:",[46,15951,15953],{"className":48,"code":15952,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"# dict(first-name=\"Sam\")\n",[18,15954,15955],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,15956,15957],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,15958,15952],{"class":3956},[14,15960,15961],{},"That key is not a valid Python name because it contains a hyphen.",[14,15963,15964],{},"If your keys are not valid Python names, use curly braces instead:",[46,15966,15968],{"className":48,"code":15967,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"user = {\n    \"first-name\": \"Sam\"\n}\n\nprint(user)\n",[18,15969,15970,15978,15994,15998,16002],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,15971,15972,15974,15976],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,15973,11530],{"class":902},[55,15975,906],{"class":703},[55,15977,11535],{"class":65},[55,15979,15980,15982,15984,15986,15988,15990,15992],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,15981,11540],{"class":109},[55,15983,10534],{"class":129},[55,15985,126],{"class":109},[55,15987,790],{"class":65},[55,15989,793],{"class":109},[55,15991,796],{"class":129},[55,15993,1052],{"class":109},[55,15995,15996],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,15997,9346],{"class":65},[55,15999,16000],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,16001,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,16003,16004,16006,16008,16010],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,16005,62],{"class":61},[55,16007,66],{"class":65},[55,16009,11624],{"class":318},[55,16011,322],{"class":65},[41,16013,9482],{"id":9481},[14,16015,16016,16018],{},[18,16017,9156],{}," can also build a dictionary from key-value pairs.",[14,16020,16021],{},"This is useful when your data already exists as pairs, such as a list of tuples.",[46,16023,16025],{"className":48,"code":16024,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"pairs = [(\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20), (\"city\", \"Lima\")]\n\nstudent = dict(pairs)\n\nprint(student)\n",[18,16026,16027,16084,16088,16102,16106],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,16028,16029,16031,16033,16035,16037,16039,16041,16043,16045,16047,16049,16051,16053,16055,16057,16059,16061,16063,16065,16067,16069,16071,16073,16075,16077,16080,16082],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,16030,9252],{"class":902},[55,16032,906],{"class":703},[55,16034,9257],{"class":65},[55,16036,126],{"class":109},[55,16038,785],{"class":129},[55,16040,126],{"class":109},[55,16042,163],{"class":65},[55,16044,793],{"class":109},[55,16046,12925],{"class":129},[55,16048,126],{"class":109},[55,16050,9270],{"class":65},[55,16052,9273],{"class":65},[55,16054,126],{"class":109},[55,16056,9336],{"class":129},[55,16058,126],{"class":109},[55,16060,163],{"class":65},[55,16062,916],{"class":75},[55,16064,9270],{"class":65},[55,16066,9273],{"class":65},[55,16068,126],{"class":109},[55,16070,10447],{"class":129},[55,16072,126],{"class":109},[55,16074,163],{"class":65},[55,16076,793],{"class":109},[55,16078,16079],{"class":129},"Lima",[55,16081,126],{"class":109},[55,16083,9286],{"class":65},[55,16085,16086],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,16087,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,16089,16090,16092,16094,16096,16098,16100],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,16091,12908],{"class":902},[55,16093,906],{"class":703},[55,16095,9207],{"class":69},[55,16097,66],{"class":65},[55,16099,9299],{"class":318},[55,16101,322],{"class":65},[55,16103,16104],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,16105,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,16107,16108,16110,16112,16114],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,16109,62],{"class":61},[55,16111,66],{"class":65},[55,16113,13672],{"class":318},[55,16115,322],{"class":65},[14,16117,16118],{},[435,16119,281],{},[46,16121,16123],{"className":48,"code":16122,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[18,16124,16125],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,16126,16127,16129,16131,16133,16135,16137,16139,16141,16143,16145,16147,16149,16151,16153,16155,16157,16159,16161,16163,16165,16167,16169,16171],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,16128,9315],{"class":65},[55,16130,1923],{"class":109},[55,16132,785],{"class":129},[55,16134,1923],{"class":109},[55,16136,790],{"class":65},[55,16138,1918],{"class":109},[55,16140,12925],{"class":129},[55,16142,1923],{"class":109},[55,16144,163],{"class":65},[55,16146,1918],{"class":109},[55,16148,9336],{"class":129},[55,16150,1923],{"class":109},[55,16152,790],{"class":65},[55,16154,916],{"class":75},[55,16156,163],{"class":65},[55,16158,1918],{"class":109},[55,16160,10447],{"class":129},[55,16162,1923],{"class":109},[55,16164,790],{"class":65},[55,16166,1918],{"class":109},[55,16168,16079],{"class":129},[55,16170,1923],{"class":109},[55,16172,9346],{"class":65},[14,16174,16175],{},"You can also use tuples directly:",[46,16177,16179],{"className":48,"code":16178,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"student = dict(((\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20)))\nprint(student)\n",[18,16180,16181,16222],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,16182,16183,16185,16187,16189,16192,16194,16196,16198,16200,16202,16204,16206,16208,16210,16212,16214,16216,16218,16220],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,16184,12908],{"class":902},[55,16186,906],{"class":703},[55,16188,9207],{"class":69},[55,16190,16191],{"class":65},"(((",[55,16193,126],{"class":109},[55,16195,785],{"class":129},[55,16197,126],{"class":109},[55,16199,163],{"class":65},[55,16201,793],{"class":109},[55,16203,12925],{"class":129},[55,16205,126],{"class":109},[55,16207,9270],{"class":65},[55,16209,9273],{"class":65},[55,16211,126],{"class":109},[55,16213,9336],{"class":129},[55,16215,126],{"class":109},[55,16217,163],{"class":65},[55,16219,916],{"class":75},[55,16221,769],{"class":65},[55,16223,16224,16226,16228,16230],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,16225,62],{"class":61},[55,16227,66],{"class":65},[55,16229,13672],{"class":318},[55,16231,322],{"class":65},[14,16233,16234],{},"This approach is helpful when you receive data in pair form and want to turn it into a dictionary.",[41,16236,16238],{"id":16237},"rules-beginners-should-know","Rules beginners should know",[14,16240,16241],{},"Here are a few important dictionary rules:",[240,16243,16244,16247,16250,16253],{},[243,16245,16246],{},"Keys must be unique",[243,16248,16249],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value replaces earlier ones",[243,16251,16252],{},"Values can repeat",[243,16254,16255],{},"Keys are often strings, but other immutable types can also be keys",[889,16257,16259],{"id":16258},"duplicate-key-example","Duplicate key example",[46,16261,16263],{"className":48,"code":16262,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"name\": \"Maria\"\n}\n\nprint(data)\n",[18,16264,16265,16273,16291,16308,16312,16316],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,16266,16267,16269,16271],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,16268,9202],{"class":902},[55,16270,906],{"class":703},[55,16272,11535],{"class":65},[55,16274,16275,16277,16279,16281,16283,16285,16287,16289],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,16276,11540],{"class":109},[55,16278,785],{"class":129},[55,16280,126],{"class":109},[55,16282,790],{"class":65},[55,16284,793],{"class":109},[55,16286,12925],{"class":129},[55,16288,126],{"class":109},[55,16290,11556],{"class":65},[55,16292,16293,16295,16297,16299,16301,16303,16306],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,16294,11540],{"class":109},[55,16296,785],{"class":129},[55,16298,126],{"class":109},[55,16300,790],{"class":65},[55,16302,793],{"class":109},[55,16304,16305],{"class":129},"Maria",[55,16307,1052],{"class":109},[55,16309,16310],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,16311,9346],{"class":65},[55,16313,16314],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,16315,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,16317,16318,16320,16322,16324],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,16319,62],{"class":61},[55,16321,66],{"class":65},[55,16323,9241],{"class":318},[55,16325,322],{"class":65},[14,16327,16328],{},[435,16329,281],{},[46,16331,16333],{"className":48,"code":16332,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'name': 'Maria'}\n",[18,16334,16335],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,16336,16337,16339,16341,16343,16345,16347,16349,16351,16353],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,16338,9315],{"class":65},[55,16340,1923],{"class":109},[55,16342,785],{"class":129},[55,16344,1923],{"class":109},[55,16346,790],{"class":65},[55,16348,1918],{"class":109},[55,16350,16305],{"class":129},[55,16352,1923],{"class":109},[55,16354,9346],{"class":65},[14,16356,16357],{},"Only the last value is kept.",[889,16359,16361],{"id":16360},"keys-can-be-numbers-too","Keys can be numbers too",[46,16363,16365],{"className":48,"code":16364,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"scores = {\n    1: \"low\",\n    2: \"medium\",\n    3: \"high\"\n}\n\nprint(scores)\n",[18,16366,16367,16375,16391,16407,16421,16425,16429],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,16368,16369,16371,16373],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,16370,5350],{"class":902},[55,16372,906],{"class":703},[55,16374,11535],{"class":65},[55,16376,16377,16380,16382,16384,16387,16389],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,16378,16379],{"class":75},"    1",[55,16381,790],{"class":65},[55,16383,793],{"class":109},[55,16385,16386],{"class":129},"low",[55,16388,126],{"class":109},[55,16390,11556],{"class":65},[55,16392,16393,16396,16398,16400,16403,16405],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,16394,16395],{"class":75},"    2",[55,16397,790],{"class":65},[55,16399,793],{"class":109},[55,16401,16402],{"class":129},"medium",[55,16404,126],{"class":109},[55,16406,11556],{"class":65},[55,16408,16409,16412,16414,16416,16419],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,16410,16411],{"class":75},"    3",[55,16413,790],{"class":65},[55,16415,793],{"class":109},[55,16417,16418],{"class":129},"high",[55,16420,1052],{"class":109},[55,16422,16423],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,16424,9346],{"class":65},[55,16426,16427],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,16428,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,16430,16431,16433,16435,16438],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,16432,62],{"class":61},[55,16434,66],{"class":65},[55,16436,16437],{"class":318},"scores",[55,16439,322],{"class":65},[889,16441,16443],{"id":16442},"mutable-types-cannot-be-keys","Mutable types cannot be keys",[14,16445,16446],{},"A list cannot be a dictionary key because lists are mutable.",[14,16448,16449],{},"This will cause an error:",[46,16451,16453],{"className":48,"code":16452,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"# bad = {\n#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n# }\n",[18,16454,16455,16460,16465],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,16456,16457],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,16458,16459],{"class":3956},"# bad = {\n",[55,16461,16462],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,16463,16464],{"class":3956},"#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n",[55,16466,16467],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,16468,16469],{"class":3956},"# }\n",[14,16471,16472],{},"But a tuple can be used as a key because tuples are immutable:",[46,16474,16476],{"className":48,"code":16475,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"good = {\n    (1, 2): \"numbers\"\n}\n\nprint(good)\n",[18,16477,16478,16487,16507,16511,16515],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,16479,16480,16483,16485],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,16481,16482],{"class":902},"good ",[55,16484,906],{"class":703},[55,16486,11535],{"class":65},[55,16488,16489,16492,16494,16496,16498,16501,16503,16505],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,16490,16491],{"class":65},"    (",[55,16493,93],{"class":75},[55,16495,163],{"class":65},[55,16497,166],{"class":75},[55,16499,16500],{"class":65},"):",[55,16502,793],{"class":109},[55,16504,332],{"class":129},[55,16506,1052],{"class":109},[55,16508,16509],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,16510,9346],{"class":65},[55,16512,16513],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,16514,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,16516,16517,16519,16521,16524],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,16518,62],{"class":61},[55,16520,66],{"class":65},[55,16522,16523],{"class":318},"good",[55,16525,322],{"class":65},[41,16527,16529],{"id":16528},"when-to-use-a-dictionary","When to use a dictionary",[14,16531,16532],{},"Use a dictionary when each value has a label.",[14,16534,16535],{},"Dictionaries are a good choice for:",[240,16537,16538,16541,16543,16546],{},[243,16539,16540],{},"user data",[243,16542,13931],{},[243,16544,16545],{},"counters",[243,16547,16548],{},"lookups",[14,16550,358],{},[46,16552,16554],{"className":48,"code":16553,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"user = {\n    \"username\": \"ana123\",\n    \"email\": \"ana@example.com\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\nprint(user[\"email\"])\n",[18,16555,16556,16564,16583,16602,16614,16618,16622],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,16557,16558,16560,16562],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,16559,11530],{"class":902},[55,16561,906],{"class":703},[55,16563,11535],{"class":65},[55,16565,16566,16568,16570,16572,16574,16576,16579,16581],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,16567,11540],{"class":109},[55,16569,1114],{"class":129},[55,16571,126],{"class":109},[55,16573,790],{"class":65},[55,16575,793],{"class":109},[55,16577,16578],{"class":129},"ana123",[55,16580,126],{"class":109},[55,16582,11556],{"class":65},[55,16584,16585,16587,16589,16591,16593,16595,16598,16600],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,16586,11540],{"class":109},[55,16588,15306],{"class":129},[55,16590,126],{"class":109},[55,16592,790],{"class":65},[55,16594,793],{"class":109},[55,16596,16597],{"class":129},"ana@example.com",[55,16599,126],{"class":109},[55,16601,11556],{"class":65},[55,16603,16604,16606,16608,16610,16612],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,16605,11540],{"class":109},[55,16607,12558],{"class":129},[55,16609,126],{"class":109},[55,16611,790],{"class":65},[55,16613,6698],{"class":187},[55,16615,16616],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,16617,9346],{"class":65},[55,16619,16620],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,16621,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,16623,16624,16626,16628,16630,16632,16634,16636,16638],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,16625,62],{"class":61},[55,16627,66],{"class":65},[55,16629,11624],{"class":318},[55,16631,4186],{"class":65},[55,16633,126],{"class":109},[55,16635,15306],{"class":129},[55,16637,126],{"class":109},[55,16639,4174],{"class":65},[14,16641,16642,16643,29],{},"If you want to learn how to read values from a dictionary, see ",[294,16644,16646],{"href":16645},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-access-values-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to access values in a dictionary in Python",[14,16648,16649],{},"A list is usually a better choice when:",[240,16651,16652,16655,16658],{},[243,16653,16654],{},"labels are not needed",[243,16656,16657],{},"you mostly care about position",[243,16659,16660],{},"order matters more than named fields",[41,16662,1586],{"id":1585},[14,16664,16665],{},"Beginners often make these mistakes when creating dictionaries:",[240,16667,16668,16671,16674,16677,16680],{},[243,16669,16670],{},"Using commas instead of colons between keys and values",[243,16672,16673],{},"Forgetting quotes around string keys when needed",[243,16675,16676],{},"Repeating the same key and expecting both values to stay",[243,16678,16679],{},"Using a mutable type like a list as a dictionary key",[243,16681,16682,16683,16685],{},"Mixing up ",[18,16684,471],{}," for dictionaries and sets",[889,16687,16689],{"id":16688},"mistake-using-a-comma-instead-of-a-colon","Mistake: using a comma instead of a colon",[14,16691,16692],{},"Wrong:",[46,16694,16696],{"className":48,"code":16695,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"# student = {\"name\", \"Ana\"}\n",[18,16697,16698],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,16699,16700],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,16701,16695],{"class":3956},[14,16703,16704],{},"Correct:",[46,16706,16708],{"className":48,"code":16707,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student)\n",[18,16709,16710,16734],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,16711,16712,16714,16716,16718,16720,16722,16724,16726,16728,16730,16732],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,16713,12908],{"class":902},[55,16715,906],{"class":703},[55,16717,10529],{"class":65},[55,16719,126],{"class":109},[55,16721,785],{"class":129},[55,16723,126],{"class":109},[55,16725,790],{"class":65},[55,16727,793],{"class":109},[55,16729,12925],{"class":129},[55,16731,126],{"class":109},[55,16733,9346],{"class":65},[55,16735,16736,16738,16740,16742],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,16737,62],{"class":61},[55,16739,66],{"class":65},[55,16741,13672],{"class":318},[55,16743,322],{"class":65},[889,16745,16747],{"id":16746},"mistake-forgetting-quotes-around-a-string-key","Mistake: forgetting quotes around a string key",[14,16749,16692],{},[46,16751,16753],{"className":48,"code":16752,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"# student = {name: \"Ana\"}\n",[18,16754,16755],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,16756,16757],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,16758,16752],{"class":3956},[14,16760,16761,16762,16764,16765,16767],{},"This only works if ",[18,16763,785],{}," is already a variable. If you want the key to be the text ",[18,16766,15287],{},", use quotes.",[14,16769,16704],{},[46,16771,16772],{"className":48,"code":16707,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,16773,16774,16798],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,16775,16776,16778,16780,16782,16784,16786,16788,16790,16792,16794,16796],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,16777,12908],{"class":902},[55,16779,906],{"class":703},[55,16781,10529],{"class":65},[55,16783,126],{"class":109},[55,16785,785],{"class":129},[55,16787,126],{"class":109},[55,16789,790],{"class":65},[55,16791,793],{"class":109},[55,16793,12925],{"class":129},[55,16795,126],{"class":109},[55,16797,9346],{"class":65},[55,16799,16800,16802,16804,16806],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,16801,62],{"class":61},[55,16803,66],{"class":65},[55,16805,13672],{"class":318},[55,16807,322],{"class":65},[889,16809,16811],{"id":16810},"mistake-expecting-duplicate-keys-to-stay","Mistake: expecting duplicate keys to stay",[46,16813,16815],{"className":48,"code":16814,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {\"age\": 20, \"age\": 30}\nprint(data)\n",[18,16816,16817,16849],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,16818,16819,16821,16823,16825,16827,16829,16831,16833,16835,16837,16839,16841,16843,16845,16847],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,16820,9202],{"class":902},[55,16822,906],{"class":703},[55,16824,10529],{"class":65},[55,16826,126],{"class":109},[55,16828,9336],{"class":129},[55,16830,126],{"class":109},[55,16832,790],{"class":65},[55,16834,916],{"class":75},[55,16836,163],{"class":65},[55,16838,793],{"class":109},[55,16840,9336],{"class":129},[55,16842,126],{"class":109},[55,16844,790],{"class":65},[55,16846,921],{"class":75},[55,16848,9346],{"class":65},[55,16850,16851,16853,16855,16857],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,16852,62],{"class":61},[55,16854,66],{"class":65},[55,16856,9241],{"class":318},[55,16858,322],{"class":65},[14,16860,16861],{},[435,16862,281],{},[46,16864,16866],{"className":48,"code":16865,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'age': 30}\n",[18,16867,16868],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,16869,16870,16872,16874,16876,16878,16880,16882],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,16871,9315],{"class":65},[55,16873,1923],{"class":109},[55,16875,9336],{"class":129},[55,16877,1923],{"class":109},[55,16879,790],{"class":65},[55,16881,921],{"class":75},[55,16883,9346],{"class":65},[41,16885,16887],{"id":16886},"helpful-checks-while-learning","Helpful checks while learning",[14,16889,16890],{},"These quick commands can help you inspect a dictionary:",[46,16892,16894],{"className":48,"code":16893,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(len(my_dict))\n",[18,16895,16896,16932,16936,16946,16960,16975,16989],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,16897,16898,16900,16902,16904,16906,16908,16910,16912,16914,16916,16918,16920,16922,16924,16926,16928,16930],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,16899,11767],{"class":902},[55,16901,906],{"class":703},[55,16903,10529],{"class":65},[55,16905,126],{"class":109},[55,16907,785],{"class":129},[55,16909,126],{"class":109},[55,16911,790],{"class":65},[55,16913,793],{"class":109},[55,16915,12925],{"class":129},[55,16917,126],{"class":109},[55,16919,163],{"class":65},[55,16921,793],{"class":109},[55,16923,9336],{"class":129},[55,16925,126],{"class":109},[55,16927,790],{"class":65},[55,16929,916],{"class":75},[55,16931,9346],{"class":65},[55,16933,16934],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,16935,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,16937,16938,16940,16942,16944],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,16939,62],{"class":61},[55,16941,66],{"class":65},[55,16943,11491],{"class":318},[55,16945,322],{"class":65},[55,16947,16948,16950,16952,16954,16956,16958],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,16949,62],{"class":61},[55,16951,66],{"class":65},[55,16953,1879],{"class":69},[55,16955,66],{"class":65},[55,16957,11491],{"class":318},[55,16959,79],{"class":65},[55,16961,16962,16964,16966,16968,16970,16973],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,16963,62],{"class":61},[55,16965,66],{"class":65},[55,16967,11491],{"class":318},[55,16969,29],{"class":65},[55,16971,16972],{"class":318},"keys",[55,16974,278],{"class":65},[55,16976,16977,16979,16981,16983,16985,16987],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,16978,62],{"class":61},[55,16980,66],{"class":65},[55,16982,11491],{"class":318},[55,16984,29],{"class":65},[55,16986,5642],{"class":318},[55,16988,278],{"class":65},[55,16990,16991,16993,16995,16997,16999,17001],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,16992,62],{"class":61},[55,16994,66],{"class":65},[55,16996,11202],{"class":61},[55,16998,66],{"class":65},[55,17000,11491],{"class":318},[55,17002,79],{"class":65},[14,17004,17005],{},[435,17006,17007],{},"Example output:",[46,17009,17011],{"className":48,"code":17010,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\ndict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\n2\n",[18,17012,17013,17045,17059,17082,17101],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,17014,17015,17017,17019,17021,17023,17025,17027,17029,17031,17033,17035,17037,17039,17041,17043],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,17016,9315],{"class":65},[55,17018,1923],{"class":109},[55,17020,785],{"class":129},[55,17022,1923],{"class":109},[55,17024,790],{"class":65},[55,17026,1918],{"class":109},[55,17028,12925],{"class":129},[55,17030,1923],{"class":109},[55,17032,163],{"class":65},[55,17034,1918],{"class":109},[55,17036,9336],{"class":129},[55,17038,1923],{"class":109},[55,17040,790],{"class":65},[55,17042,916],{"class":75},[55,17044,9346],{"class":65},[55,17046,17047,17049,17051,17053,17055,17057],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,17048,1911],{"class":703},[55,17050,1915],{"class":1914},[55,17052,1918],{"class":109},[55,17054,1975],{"class":129},[55,17056,1923],{"class":109},[55,17058,1926],{"class":703},[55,17060,17061,17064,17066,17068,17070,17072,17074,17076,17078,17080],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,17062,17063],{"class":318},"dict_keys",[55,17065,158],{"class":65},[55,17067,1923],{"class":109},[55,17069,785],{"class":129},[55,17071,1923],{"class":109},[55,17073,163],{"class":65},[55,17075,1918],{"class":109},[55,17077,9336],{"class":129},[55,17079,1923],{"class":109},[55,17081,4174],{"class":65},[55,17083,17084,17087,17089,17091,17093,17095,17097,17099],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,17085,17086],{"class":318},"dict_values",[55,17088,158],{"class":65},[55,17090,1923],{"class":109},[55,17092,12925],{"class":129},[55,17094,1923],{"class":109},[55,17096,163],{"class":65},[55,17098,916],{"class":75},[55,17100,4174],{"class":65},[55,17102,17103],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,17104,17105],{"class":75},"2\n",[14,17107,17108,17109,2493,17115,17121,17122,29],{},"If you want to learn these methods in more detail, see ",[294,17110,10776,17112],{"href":17111},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method\u002F",[18,17113,17114],{},"keys()",[294,17116,10776,17118],{"href":17117},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method\u002F",[18,17119,17120],{},"values()",", and ",[294,17123,10776,17125],{"href":17124},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method\u002F",[18,17126,17127],{},"items()",[41,17129,2139],{"id":2138},[889,17131,17133],{"id":17132},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-dictionary-in-python","How do I create an empty dictionary in Python?",[14,17135,212,17136,25,17138,17140],{},[18,17137,471],{},[18,17139,9156],{},". Both create an empty dictionary.",[889,17142,17144],{"id":17143},"what-is-the-easiest-way-to-create-a-dictionary","What is the easiest way to create a dictionary?",[14,17146,17147,17148,29],{},"The easiest way is usually curly braces with key-value pairs, like ",[18,17149,17150],{},"{\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}",[889,17152,17154],{"id":17153},"can-dictionary-keys-be-numbers","Can dictionary keys be numbers?",[14,17156,17157],{},"Yes. Keys can be numbers, strings, tuples, and other immutable types.",[889,17159,17161],{"id":17160},"can-a-dictionary-have-duplicate-keys","Can a dictionary have duplicate keys?",[14,17163,17164],{},"A dictionary can be written with duplicate keys, but only the last value for that key is kept.",[889,17166,5466,17168,4679,17170,2794],{"id":17167},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-dict",[18,17169,471],{},[18,17171,9156],{},[14,17173,17174,17176,17177,17179],{},[18,17175,471],{}," is the most common literal syntax. ",[18,17178,9156],{}," is a constructor and is useful for empty dictionaries, keyword arguments, or key-value pair data.",[41,17181,2193],{"id":2192},[240,17183,17184,17188,17194,17198,17204],{},[243,17185,17186],{},[294,17187,9192],{"href":9191},[243,17189,17190],{},[294,17191,10776,17192,10780],{"href":10775},[18,17193,10779],{},[243,17195,17196],{},[294,17197,11292],{"href":10770},[243,17199,17200],{},[294,17201,17203],{"href":17202},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-key-exists-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[243,17205,17206],{},[294,17207,11303],{"href":11114},[14,17209,17210],{},"Next step: learn how to access, add, and safely read dictionary values.",[2226,17212,17213],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":17215},[17216,17217,17218,17219,17222,17225,17230,17231,17236,17237,17242,17243,17251],{"id":2307,"depth":82,"text":2308},{"id":15209,"depth":82,"text":15210},{"id":15227,"depth":82,"text":15215},{"id":15312,"depth":82,"text":15313,"children":17220},[17221],{"id":15464,"depth":98,"text":15465},{"id":9439,"depth":82,"text":9440,"children":17223},[17224],{"id":15643,"depth":98,"text":15644},{"id":15756,"depth":82,"text":17226,"children":17227},"Create a dictionary with dict()",[17228],{"id":15883,"depth":98,"text":17229},"Important rule for dict()",{"id":9481,"depth":82,"text":9482},{"id":16237,"depth":82,"text":16238,"children":17232},[17233,17234,17235],{"id":16258,"depth":98,"text":16259},{"id":16360,"depth":98,"text":16361},{"id":16442,"depth":98,"text":16443},{"id":16528,"depth":82,"text":16529},{"id":1585,"depth":82,"text":1586,"children":17238},[17239,17240,17241],{"id":16688,"depth":98,"text":16689},{"id":16746,"depth":98,"text":16747},{"id":16810,"depth":98,"text":16811},{"id":16886,"depth":82,"text":16887},{"id":2138,"depth":82,"text":2139,"children":17244},[17245,17246,17247,17248,17249],{"id":17132,"depth":98,"text":17133},{"id":17143,"depth":98,"text":17144},{"id":17153,"depth":98,"text":17154},{"id":17160,"depth":98,"text":17161},{"id":17167,"depth":98,"text":17250},"What is the difference between {} and dict()?",{"id":2192,"depth":82,"text":2193},"Master python dictionary creating a dictionary in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":15052,"description":17252},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary","O7TVqwZDB3TCnmmRLHQ65qMF8VSifRb5cK3N-83y3Fg",{"id":17258,"title":17259,"body":17260,"description":19711,"extension":2267,"meta":19712,"navigation":1121,"path":19713,"seo":19714,"stem":19715,"__hash__":19716},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method.md","Python Dictionary fromkeys() Method",{"type":7,"value":17261,"toc":19667},[17262,17268,17274,17277,17280,17282,17364,17370,17375,17379,17397,17409,17414,17418,17441,17445,17457,17465,17469,17475,17477,17480,17555,17557,17602,17604,17621,17626,17632,17637,17711,17713,17758,17761,17772,17774,17893,17895,17948,17955,17959,17962,17979,17985,17989,18087,18089,18141,18148,18152,18158,18161,18164,18191,18196,18200,18203,18307,18309,18354,18357,18360,18365,18370,18381,18383,18444,18504,18510,18518,18524,18529,18534,18594,18598,18665,18668,18672,18743,18746,18759,18766,18768,18772,18776,18847,18849,18886,18889,18892,18955,18962,18965,19007,19017,19020,19089,19095,19100,19184,19186,19235,19242,19248,19293,19295,19328,19333,19337,19343,19382,19426,19494,19537,19539,19545,19548,19552,19557,19561,19564,19568,19570,19631,19633,19659,19664],[10,17263,11359,17265,11363],{"id":17264},"python-dictionary-fromkeys-method",[18,17266,17267],{},"fromkeys()",[14,17269,17270,17273],{},[18,17271,17272],{},"dict.fromkeys()"," creates a new dictionary from a group of keys.",[14,17275,17276],{},"It is useful when you already know the keys you want, and every key should start with the same value.",[14,17278,17279],{},"One important beginner mistake to watch for is using a mutable value like a list or dictionary. In that case, all keys share the same object.",[41,17281,2308],{"id":2307},[46,17283,17285],{"className":48,"code":17284,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nperson = dict.fromkeys(keys, \"unknown\")\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[18,17286,17287,17320,17348,17359],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,17288,17289,17292,17294,17296,17298,17300,17302,17304,17306,17308,17310,17312,17314,17316,17318],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,17290,17291],{"class":902},"keys ",[55,17293,906],{"class":703},[55,17295,909],{"class":65},[55,17297,126],{"class":109},[55,17299,785],{"class":129},[55,17301,126],{"class":109},[55,17303,163],{"class":65},[55,17305,793],{"class":109},[55,17307,9336],{"class":129},[55,17309,126],{"class":109},[55,17311,163],{"class":65},[55,17313,793],{"class":109},[55,17315,10447],{"class":129},[55,17317,126],{"class":109},[55,17319,924],{"class":65},[55,17321,17322,17324,17326,17328,17330,17333,17335,17337,17339,17341,17344,17346],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,17323,13250],{"class":902},[55,17325,906],{"class":703},[55,17327,9207],{"class":69},[55,17329,29],{"class":65},[55,17331,17332],{"class":318},"fromkeys",[55,17334,66],{"class":65},[55,17336,16972],{"class":318},[55,17338,163],{"class":65},[55,17340,793],{"class":109},[55,17342,17343],{"class":129},"unknown",[55,17345,126],{"class":109},[55,17347,322],{"class":65},[55,17349,17350,17352,17354,17357],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,17351,62],{"class":61},[55,17353,66],{"class":65},[55,17355,17356],{"class":318},"person",[55,17358,322],{"class":65},[55,17360,17361],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,17362,17363],{"class":3956},"# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[14,17365,212,17366,17369],{},[18,17367,17368],{},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)"," to create a new dictionary where each key starts with the same value.",[41,17371,3970,17373,3973],{"id":17372},"what-dictfromkeys-does",[18,17374,17272],{},[14,17376,17377,790],{},[18,17378,17272],{},[240,17380,17381,17384,17387,17390],{},[243,17382,17383],{},"Creates a new dictionary from a sequence of keys",[243,17385,17386],{},"Assigns the same value to every key",[243,17388,17389],{},"Returns a new dictionary",[243,17391,17392,17393,17396],{},"Is called as ",[18,17394,17395],{},"dict.fromkeys(...)",", not on an existing dictionary",[14,17398,17399,17400,17402,17403,17405,17406,29],{},"This is a class method on ",[18,17401,1975],{},", so you write ",[18,17404,17395],{}," instead of something like ",[18,17407,17408],{},"my_dict.fromkeys(...)",[14,17410,17411,17412,29],{},"If you need a refresher on dictionaries first, see ",[294,17413,9192],{"href":13068},[41,17415,17417],{"id":17416},"syntax-and-parameters","Syntax and parameters",[46,17419,17421],{"className":48,"code":17420,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)\n",[18,17422,17423],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,17424,17425,17427,17429,17431,17433,17435,17437,17439],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,17426,1975],{"class":69},[55,17428,29],{"class":65},[55,17430,17332],{"class":318},[55,17432,66],{"class":65},[55,17434,4014],{"class":318},[55,17436,163],{"class":65},[55,17438,1572],{"class":318},[55,17440,322],{"class":65},[889,17442,17444],{"id":17443},"parameters","Parameters",[240,17446,17447,17452],{},[243,17448,17449,17451],{},[18,17450,4014],{},": the keys to use",[243,17453,17454,17456],{},[18,17455,319],{},": optional starting value for every key",[14,17458,17459,17460,17462,17463,29],{},"If you leave out ",[18,17461,319],{},", each key gets ",[18,17464,481],{},[889,17466,17468],{"id":17467},"return-value","Return value",[14,17470,17471,17472,29],{},"It returns a ",[435,17473,17474],{},"new dictionary",[41,17476,6065],{"id":6064},[14,17478,17479],{},"Here is a simple example using a list of strings as keys:",[46,17481,17483],{"className":48,"code":17482,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"keys = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\n\nprint(colors)\n",[18,17484,17485,17518,17540,17544],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,17486,17487,17489,17491,17493,17495,17497,17499,17501,17503,17506,17508,17510,17512,17514,17516],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,17488,17291],{"class":902},[55,17490,906],{"class":703},[55,17492,909],{"class":65},[55,17494,126],{"class":109},[55,17496,13138],{"class":129},[55,17498,126],{"class":109},[55,17500,163],{"class":65},[55,17502,793],{"class":109},[55,17504,17505],{"class":129},"green",[55,17507,126],{"class":109},[55,17509,163],{"class":65},[55,17511,793],{"class":109},[55,17513,13155],{"class":129},[55,17515,126],{"class":109},[55,17517,924],{"class":65},[55,17519,17520,17522,17524,17526,17528,17530,17532,17534,17536,17538],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,17521,13121],{"class":902},[55,17523,906],{"class":703},[55,17525,9207],{"class":69},[55,17527,29],{"class":65},[55,17529,17332],{"class":318},[55,17531,66],{"class":65},[55,17533,16972],{"class":318},[55,17535,163],{"class":65},[55,17537,4121],{"class":75},[55,17539,322],{"class":65},[55,17541,17542],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,17543,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,17545,17546,17548,17550,17553],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,17547,62],{"class":61},[55,17549,66],{"class":65},[55,17551,17552],{"class":318},"colors",[55,17554,322],{"class":65},[14,17556,281],{},[46,17558,17560],{"className":48,"code":17559,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'red': 0, 'green': 0, 'blue': 0}\n",[18,17561,17562],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,17563,17564,17566,17568,17570,17572,17574,17576,17578,17580,17582,17584,17586,17588,17590,17592,17594,17596,17598,17600],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,17565,9315],{"class":65},[55,17567,1923],{"class":109},[55,17569,13138],{"class":129},[55,17571,1923],{"class":109},[55,17573,790],{"class":65},[55,17575,4121],{"class":75},[55,17577,163],{"class":65},[55,17579,1918],{"class":109},[55,17581,17505],{"class":129},[55,17583,1923],{"class":109},[55,17585,790],{"class":65},[55,17587,4121],{"class":75},[55,17589,163],{"class":65},[55,17591,1918],{"class":109},[55,17593,13155],{"class":129},[55,17595,1923],{"class":109},[55,17597,790],{"class":65},[55,17599,4121],{"class":75},[55,17601,9346],{"class":65},[14,17603,11726],{},[240,17605,17606,17611,17616],{},[243,17607,17608,17610],{},[18,17609,16972],{}," contains the dictionary keys",[243,17612,17613,17615],{},[18,17614,76],{}," is used as the starting value for every key",[243,17617,17618,17620],{},[18,17619,17272],{}," returns the new dictionary",[14,17622,17623,17624,29],{},"If you want to learn more ways to create dictionaries, see ",[294,17625,9429],{"href":13071},[41,17627,1556,17629,17631],{"id":17628},"using-fromkeys-without-a-value",[18,17630,17267],{}," without a value",[14,17633,17634,17635,29],{},"If you do not pass the second argument, the default value is ",[18,17636,481],{},[46,17638,17640],{"className":48,"code":17639,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[18,17641,17642,17676,17696,17700],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,17643,17644,17647,17649,17651,17653,17655,17657,17659,17661,17663,17665,17667,17669,17672,17674],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,17645,17646],{"class":902},"fields ",[55,17648,906],{"class":703},[55,17650,909],{"class":65},[55,17652,126],{"class":109},[55,17654,1114],{"class":129},[55,17656,126],{"class":109},[55,17658,163],{"class":65},[55,17660,793],{"class":109},[55,17662,15306],{"class":129},[55,17664,126],{"class":109},[55,17666,163],{"class":65},[55,17668,793],{"class":109},[55,17670,17671],{"class":129},"password",[55,17673,126],{"class":109},[55,17675,924],{"class":65},[55,17677,17678,17681,17683,17685,17687,17689,17691,17694],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,17679,17680],{"class":902},"user_data ",[55,17682,906],{"class":703},[55,17684,9207],{"class":69},[55,17686,29],{"class":65},[55,17688,17332],{"class":318},[55,17690,66],{"class":65},[55,17692,17693],{"class":318},"fields",[55,17695,322],{"class":65},[55,17697,17698],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,17699,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,17701,17702,17704,17706,17709],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,17703,62],{"class":61},[55,17705,66],{"class":65},[55,17707,17708],{"class":318},"user_data",[55,17710,322],{"class":65},[14,17712,281],{},[46,17714,17716],{"className":48,"code":17715,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'username': None, 'email': None, 'password': None}\n",[18,17717,17718],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,17719,17720,17722,17724,17726,17728,17730,17732,17734,17736,17738,17740,17742,17744,17746,17748,17750,17752,17754,17756],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,17721,9315],{"class":65},[55,17723,1923],{"class":109},[55,17725,1114],{"class":129},[55,17727,1923],{"class":109},[55,17729,790],{"class":65},[55,17731,4139],{"class":187},[55,17733,163],{"class":65},[55,17735,1918],{"class":109},[55,17737,15306],{"class":129},[55,17739,1923],{"class":109},[55,17741,790],{"class":65},[55,17743,4139],{"class":187},[55,17745,163],{"class":65},[55,17747,1918],{"class":109},[55,17749,17671],{"class":129},[55,17751,1923],{"class":109},[55,17753,790],{"class":65},[55,17755,4139],{"class":187},[55,17757,9346],{"class":65},[14,17759,17760],{},"This is useful when:",[240,17762,17763,17766,17769],{},[243,17764,17765],{},"You want to create the keys first",[243,17767,17768],{},"You plan to fill in the real values later",[243,17770,17771],{},"You need placeholder values during setup",[14,17773,358],{},[46,17775,17777],{"className":48,"code":17776,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nuser_data[\"username\"] = \"alice\"\nuser_data[\"email\"] = \"alice@example.com\"\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[18,17778,17779,17811,17829,17833,17856,17879,17883],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,17780,17781,17783,17785,17787,17789,17791,17793,17795,17797,17799,17801,17803,17805,17807,17809],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,17782,17646],{"class":902},[55,17784,906],{"class":703},[55,17786,909],{"class":65},[55,17788,126],{"class":109},[55,17790,1114],{"class":129},[55,17792,126],{"class":109},[55,17794,163],{"class":65},[55,17796,793],{"class":109},[55,17798,15306],{"class":129},[55,17800,126],{"class":109},[55,17802,163],{"class":65},[55,17804,793],{"class":109},[55,17806,17671],{"class":129},[55,17808,126],{"class":109},[55,17810,924],{"class":65},[55,17812,17813,17815,17817,17819,17821,17823,17825,17827],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,17814,17680],{"class":902},[55,17816,906],{"class":703},[55,17818,9207],{"class":69},[55,17820,29],{"class":65},[55,17822,17332],{"class":318},[55,17824,66],{"class":65},[55,17826,17693],{"class":318},[55,17828,322],{"class":65},[55,17830,17831],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,17832,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,17834,17835,17837,17839,17841,17843,17845,17847,17849,17851,17854],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,17836,17708],{"class":902},[55,17838,4186],{"class":65},[55,17840,126],{"class":109},[55,17842,1114],{"class":129},[55,17844,126],{"class":109},[55,17846,13319],{"class":65},[55,17848,13322],{"class":703},[55,17850,793],{"class":109},[55,17852,17853],{"class":129},"alice",[55,17855,1052],{"class":109},[55,17857,17858,17860,17862,17864,17866,17868,17870,17872,17874,17877],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,17859,17708],{"class":902},[55,17861,4186],{"class":65},[55,17863,126],{"class":109},[55,17865,15306],{"class":129},[55,17867,126],{"class":109},[55,17869,13319],{"class":65},[55,17871,13322],{"class":703},[55,17873,793],{"class":109},[55,17875,17876],{"class":129},"alice@example.com",[55,17878,1052],{"class":109},[55,17880,17881],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,17882,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,17884,17885,17887,17889,17891],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,17886,62],{"class":61},[55,17888,66],{"class":65},[55,17890,17708],{"class":318},[55,17892,322],{"class":65},[14,17894,281],{},[46,17896,17898],{"className":48,"code":17897,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'username': 'alice', 'email': 'alice@example.com', 'password': None}\n",[18,17899,17900],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,17901,17902,17904,17906,17908,17910,17912,17914,17916,17918,17920,17922,17924,17926,17928,17930,17932,17934,17936,17938,17940,17942,17944,17946],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,17903,9315],{"class":65},[55,17905,1923],{"class":109},[55,17907,1114],{"class":129},[55,17909,1923],{"class":109},[55,17911,790],{"class":65},[55,17913,1918],{"class":109},[55,17915,17853],{"class":129},[55,17917,1923],{"class":109},[55,17919,163],{"class":65},[55,17921,1918],{"class":109},[55,17923,15306],{"class":129},[55,17925,1923],{"class":109},[55,17927,790],{"class":65},[55,17929,1918],{"class":109},[55,17931,17876],{"class":129},[55,17933,1923],{"class":109},[55,17935,163],{"class":65},[55,17937,1918],{"class":109},[55,17939,17671],{"class":129},[55,17941,1923],{"class":109},[55,17943,790],{"class":65},[55,17945,4139],{"class":187},[55,17947,9346],{"class":65},[14,17949,17950,17951,29],{},"If you want to add or change keys later, see ",[294,17952,17954],{"href":17953},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python","how to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[41,17956,17958],{"id":17957},"important-warning-about-mutable-values","Important warning about mutable values",[14,17960,17961],{},"Be careful when using a mutable value such as:",[240,17963,17964,17969,17974],{},[243,17965,17966,17968],{},[18,17967,461],{}," (list)",[243,17970,17971,17973],{},[18,17972,471],{}," (dictionary)",[243,17975,17976,17978],{},[18,17977,476],{}," (set)",[14,17980,17981,17982,29],{},"All keys will point to the ",[435,17983,17984],{},"same object",[889,17986,17988],{"id":17987},"example-of-the-problem","Example of the problem",[46,17990,17992],{"className":48,"code":17991,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = dict.fromkeys(keys, [])\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[18,17993,17994,18026,18047,18051,18073,18077],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,17995,17996,17998,18000,18002,18004,18006,18008,18010,18012,18014,18016,18018,18020,18022,18024],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,17997,17291],{"class":902},[55,17999,906],{"class":703},[55,18001,909],{"class":65},[55,18003,126],{"class":109},[55,18005,294],{"class":129},[55,18007,126],{"class":109},[55,18009,163],{"class":65},[55,18011,793],{"class":109},[55,18013,5046],{"class":129},[55,18015,126],{"class":109},[55,18017,163],{"class":65},[55,18019,793],{"class":109},[55,18021,9777],{"class":129},[55,18023,126],{"class":109},[55,18025,924],{"class":65},[55,18027,18028,18030,18032,18034,18036,18038,18040,18042,18044],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,18029,9202],{"class":902},[55,18031,906],{"class":703},[55,18033,9207],{"class":69},[55,18035,29],{"class":65},[55,18037,17332],{"class":318},[55,18039,66],{"class":65},[55,18041,16972],{"class":318},[55,18043,163],{"class":65},[55,18045,18046],{"class":65}," [])\n",[55,18048,18049],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,18050,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,18052,18053,18055,18057,18059,18061,18063,18065,18067,18069,18071],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,18054,9241],{"class":902},[55,18056,4186],{"class":65},[55,18058,126],{"class":109},[55,18060,294],{"class":129},[55,18062,126],{"class":109},[55,18064,13596],{"class":65},[55,18066,13599],{"class":318},[55,18068,66],{"class":65},[55,18070,93],{"class":75},[55,18072,322],{"class":65},[55,18074,18075],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,18076,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,18078,18079,18081,18083,18085],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,18080,62],{"class":61},[55,18082,66],{"class":65},[55,18084,9241],{"class":318},[55,18086,322],{"class":65},[14,18088,281],{},[46,18090,18092],{"className":48,"code":18091,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1], 'c': [1]}\n",[18,18093,18094],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,18095,18096,18098,18100,18102,18104,18106,18108,18110,18113,18115,18117,18119,18121,18123,18125,18127,18129,18131,18133,18135,18137,18139],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,18097,9315],{"class":65},[55,18099,1923],{"class":109},[55,18101,294],{"class":129},[55,18103,1923],{"class":109},[55,18105,790],{"class":65},[55,18107,909],{"class":65},[55,18109,93],{"class":75},[55,18111,18112],{"class":65},"],",[55,18114,1918],{"class":109},[55,18116,5046],{"class":129},[55,18118,1923],{"class":109},[55,18120,790],{"class":65},[55,18122,909],{"class":65},[55,18124,93],{"class":75},[55,18126,18112],{"class":65},[55,18128,1918],{"class":109},[55,18130,9777],{"class":129},[55,18132,1923],{"class":109},[55,18134,790],{"class":65},[55,18136,909],{"class":65},[55,18138,93],{"class":75},[55,18140,13752],{"class":65},[14,18142,18143,18144,18147],{},"Many beginners expect only ",[18,18145,18146],{},"\"a\""," to change, but all keys change because they share the same list.",[889,18149,18151],{"id":18150},"why-this-happens","Why this happens",[14,18153,18154,18157],{},[18,18155,18156],{},"dict.fromkeys(keys, [])"," creates one list object.",[14,18159,18160],{},"That same list is then used for every key.",[14,18162,18163],{},"So this:",[46,18165,18167],{"className":48,"code":18166,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data[\"a\"].append(1)\n",[18,18168,18169],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,18170,18171,18173,18175,18177,18179,18181,18183,18185,18187,18189],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,18172,9241],{"class":902},[55,18174,4186],{"class":65},[55,18176,126],{"class":109},[55,18178,294],{"class":129},[55,18180,126],{"class":109},[55,18182,13596],{"class":65},[55,18184,13599],{"class":318},[55,18186,66],{"class":65},[55,18188,93],{"class":75},[55,18190,322],{"class":65},[14,18192,18193,18194,29],{},"changes the shared list, not a separate list just for key ",[18,18195,18146],{},[889,18197,18199],{"id":18198},"the-better-way-when-each-key-needs-its-own-list","The better way when each key needs its own list",[14,18201,18202],{},"Use a dictionary comprehension:",[46,18204,18206],{"className":48,"code":18205,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[18,18207,18208,18240,18267,18271,18293,18297],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,18209,18210,18212,18214,18216,18218,18220,18222,18224,18226,18228,18230,18232,18234,18236,18238],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,18211,17291],{"class":902},[55,18213,906],{"class":703},[55,18215,909],{"class":65},[55,18217,126],{"class":109},[55,18219,294],{"class":129},[55,18221,126],{"class":109},[55,18223,163],{"class":65},[55,18225,793],{"class":109},[55,18227,5046],{"class":129},[55,18229,126],{"class":109},[55,18231,163],{"class":65},[55,18233,793],{"class":109},[55,18235,9777],{"class":129},[55,18237,126],{"class":109},[55,18239,924],{"class":65},[55,18241,18242,18244,18246,18248,18250,18252,18255,18257,18260,18262,18265],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,18243,9202],{"class":902},[55,18245,906],{"class":703},[55,18247,10529],{"class":65},[55,18249,14888],{"class":902},[55,18251,790],{"class":65},[55,18253,18254],{"class":65}," []",[55,18256,4162],{"class":1193},[55,18258,18259],{"class":902}," key ",[55,18261,4168],{"class":1193},[55,18263,18264],{"class":902}," keys",[55,18266,9346],{"class":65},[55,18268,18269],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,18270,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,18272,18273,18275,18277,18279,18281,18283,18285,18287,18289,18291],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,18274,9241],{"class":902},[55,18276,4186],{"class":65},[55,18278,126],{"class":109},[55,18280,294],{"class":129},[55,18282,126],{"class":109},[55,18284,13596],{"class":65},[55,18286,13599],{"class":318},[55,18288,66],{"class":65},[55,18290,93],{"class":75},[55,18292,322],{"class":65},[55,18294,18295],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,18296,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,18298,18299,18301,18303,18305],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,18300,62],{"class":61},[55,18302,66],{"class":65},[55,18304,9241],{"class":318},[55,18306,322],{"class":65},[14,18308,281],{},[46,18310,18312],{"className":48,"code":18311,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'a': [1], 'b': [], 'c': []}\n",[18,18313,18314],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,18315,18316,18318,18320,18322,18324,18326,18328,18330,18332,18334,18336,18338,18340,18343,18345,18347,18349,18351],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,18317,9315],{"class":65},[55,18319,1923],{"class":109},[55,18321,294],{"class":129},[55,18323,1923],{"class":109},[55,18325,790],{"class":65},[55,18327,909],{"class":65},[55,18329,93],{"class":75},[55,18331,18112],{"class":65},[55,18333,1918],{"class":109},[55,18335,5046],{"class":129},[55,18337,1923],{"class":109},[55,18339,790],{"class":65},[55,18341,18342],{"class":65}," [],",[55,18344,1918],{"class":109},[55,18346,9777],{"class":129},[55,18348,1923],{"class":109},[55,18350,790],{"class":65},[55,18352,18353],{"class":65}," []}\n",[14,18355,18356],{},"Now each key has its own separate list.",[14,18358,18359],{},"This same rule applies if you want each key to have its own dictionary or set.",[41,18361,5247,18363],{"id":18362},"when-to-use-fromkeys",[18,18364,17267],{},[14,18366,18367,18369],{},[18,18368,17272],{}," is a good choice when:",[240,18371,18372,18375,18378],{},[243,18373,18374],{},"You want to quickly create a dictionary with known keys",[243,18376,18377],{},"Every key should start with the same simple value",[243,18379,18380],{},"You need default flags, counters, or placeholders",[14,18382,2428],{},[46,18384,18386],{"className":48,"code":18385,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"flags = dict.fromkeys([\"is_admin\", \"is_active\", \"is_verified\"], False)\nprint(flags)\n",[18,18387,18388,18433],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,18389,18390,18393,18395,18397,18399,18401,18403,18405,18408,18410,18412,18414,18416,18418,18420,18422,18425,18427,18429,18431],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,18391,18392],{"class":902},"flags ",[55,18394,906],{"class":703},[55,18396,9207],{"class":69},[55,18398,29],{"class":65},[55,18400,17332],{"class":318},[55,18402,158],{"class":65},[55,18404,126],{"class":109},[55,18406,18407],{"class":129},"is_admin",[55,18409,126],{"class":109},[55,18411,163],{"class":65},[55,18413,793],{"class":109},[55,18415,15126],{"class":129},[55,18417,126],{"class":109},[55,18419,163],{"class":65},[55,18421,793],{"class":109},[55,18423,18424],{"class":129},"is_verified",[55,18426,126],{"class":109},[55,18428,18112],{"class":65},[55,18430,4193],{"class":187},[55,18432,322],{"class":65},[55,18434,18435,18437,18439,18442],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,18436,62],{"class":61},[55,18438,66],{"class":65},[55,18440,18441],{"class":318},"flags",[55,18443,322],{"class":65},[46,18445,18447],{"className":48,"code":18446,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"scores = dict.fromkeys([\"math\", \"science\", \"history\"], 0)\nprint(scores)\n",[18,18448,18449,18494],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,18450,18451,18453,18455,18457,18459,18461,18463,18465,18468,18470,18472,18474,18477,18479,18481,18483,18486,18488,18490,18492],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,18452,5350],{"class":902},[55,18454,906],{"class":703},[55,18456,9207],{"class":69},[55,18458,29],{"class":65},[55,18460,17332],{"class":318},[55,18462,158],{"class":65},[55,18464,126],{"class":109},[55,18466,18467],{"class":129},"math",[55,18469,126],{"class":109},[55,18471,163],{"class":65},[55,18473,793],{"class":109},[55,18475,18476],{"class":129},"science",[55,18478,126],{"class":109},[55,18480,163],{"class":65},[55,18482,793],{"class":109},[55,18484,18485],{"class":129},"history",[55,18487,126],{"class":109},[55,18489,18112],{"class":65},[55,18491,4121],{"class":75},[55,18493,322],{"class":65},[55,18495,18496,18498,18500,18502],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,18497,62],{"class":61},[55,18499,66],{"class":65},[55,18501,16437],{"class":318},[55,18503,322],{"class":65},[14,18505,18506,18507,18509],{},"It is ",[435,18508,4916],{}," the best choice when:",[240,18511,18512,18515],{},[243,18513,18514],{},"Each key needs a different starting value",[243,18516,18517],{},"Each key needs its own new list or dictionary",[41,18519,18521,18523],{"id":18520},"fromkeys-vs-creating-a-dictionary-manually",[18,18522,17267],{}," vs creating a dictionary manually",[14,18525,18526,18528],{},[18,18527,17267],{}," is shorter when all keys share the same value.",[889,18530,1556,18532],{"id":18531},"using-fromkeys",[18,18533,17267],{},[46,18535,18537],{"className":48,"code":18536,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"settings = dict.fromkeys([\"sound\", \"music\", \"notifications\"], True)\nprint(settings)\n",[18,18538,18539,18584],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,18540,18541,18543,18545,18547,18549,18551,18553,18555,18558,18560,18562,18564,18567,18569,18571,18573,18576,18578,18580,18582],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,18542,13872],{"class":902},[55,18544,906],{"class":703},[55,18546,9207],{"class":69},[55,18548,29],{"class":65},[55,18550,17332],{"class":318},[55,18552,158],{"class":65},[55,18554,126],{"class":109},[55,18556,18557],{"class":129},"sound",[55,18559,126],{"class":109},[55,18561,163],{"class":65},[55,18563,793],{"class":109},[55,18565,18566],{"class":129},"music",[55,18568,126],{"class":109},[55,18570,163],{"class":65},[55,18572,793],{"class":109},[55,18574,18575],{"class":129},"notifications",[55,18577,126],{"class":109},[55,18579,18112],{"class":65},[55,18581,4202],{"class":187},[55,18583,322],{"class":65},[55,18585,18586,18588,18590,18592],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,18587,62],{"class":61},[55,18589,66],{"class":65},[55,18591,13931],{"class":318},[55,18593,322],{"class":65},[889,18595,18597],{"id":18596},"creating-a-dictionary-manually","Creating a dictionary manually",[46,18599,18601],{"className":48,"code":18600,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"settings = {\n    \"sound\": True,\n    \"music\": False,\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\nprint(settings)\n",[18,18602,18603,18611,18625,18639,18651,18655],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,18604,18605,18607,18609],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,18606,13872],{"class":902},[55,18608,906],{"class":703},[55,18610,11535],{"class":65},[55,18612,18613,18615,18617,18619,18621,18623],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,18614,11540],{"class":109},[55,18616,18557],{"class":129},[55,18618,126],{"class":109},[55,18620,790],{"class":65},[55,18622,4202],{"class":187},[55,18624,11556],{"class":65},[55,18626,18627,18629,18631,18633,18635,18637],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,18628,11540],{"class":109},[55,18630,18566],{"class":129},[55,18632,126],{"class":109},[55,18634,790],{"class":65},[55,18636,4193],{"class":187},[55,18638,11556],{"class":65},[55,18640,18641,18643,18645,18647,18649],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,18642,11540],{"class":109},[55,18644,18575],{"class":129},[55,18646,126],{"class":109},[55,18648,790],{"class":65},[55,18650,6698],{"class":187},[55,18652,18653],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,18654,9346],{"class":65},[55,18656,18657,18659,18661,18663],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,18658,62],{"class":61},[55,18660,66],{"class":65},[55,18662,13931],{"class":318},[55,18664,322],{"class":65},[14,18666,18667],{},"Manual creation is clearer when the values are different.",[889,18669,18671],{"id":18670},"using-a-comprehension-for-separate-mutable-values","Using a comprehension for separate mutable values",[46,18673,18675],{"className":48,"code":18674,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(data)\n",[18,18676,18677,18709,18733],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,18678,18679,18681,18683,18685,18687,18689,18691,18693,18695,18697,18699,18701,18703,18705,18707],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,18680,17291],{"class":902},[55,18682,906],{"class":703},[55,18684,909],{"class":65},[55,18686,126],{"class":109},[55,18688,294],{"class":129},[55,18690,126],{"class":109},[55,18692,163],{"class":65},[55,18694,793],{"class":109},[55,18696,5046],{"class":129},[55,18698,126],{"class":109},[55,18700,163],{"class":65},[55,18702,793],{"class":109},[55,18704,9777],{"class":129},[55,18706,126],{"class":109},[55,18708,924],{"class":65},[55,18710,18711,18713,18715,18717,18719,18721,18723,18725,18727,18729,18731],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,18712,9202],{"class":902},[55,18714,906],{"class":703},[55,18716,10529],{"class":65},[55,18718,14888],{"class":902},[55,18720,790],{"class":65},[55,18722,18254],{"class":65},[55,18724,4162],{"class":1193},[55,18726,18259],{"class":902},[55,18728,4168],{"class":1193},[55,18730,18264],{"class":902},[55,18732,9346],{"class":65},[55,18734,18735,18737,18739,18741],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,18736,62],{"class":61},[55,18738,66],{"class":65},[55,18740,9241],{"class":318},[55,18742,322],{"class":65},[14,18744,18745],{},"Use:",[240,18747,18748,18753,18756],{},[243,18749,18750,18752],{},[18,18751,17267],{}," when one shared simple default makes sense",[243,18754,18755],{},"Manual dictionary creation when values differ",[243,18757,18758],{},"A comprehension when each key needs its own new list or dict",[14,18760,18761,18762,29],{},"If you later want to change several values at once, you may also want to learn the ",[294,18763,10776,18764,10780],{"href":14079},[18,18765,15001],{},[41,18767,1586],{"id":1585},[14,18769,14780,18770,29],{},[18,18771,17272],{},[889,18773,18775],{"id":18774},"using-a-mutable-default-value-by-mistake","Using a mutable default value by mistake",[46,18777,18779],{"className":48,"code":18778,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], [])\nd[\"a\"].append(1)\nprint(d)\n",[18,18780,18781,18814,18837],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,18782,18783,18786,18788,18790,18792,18794,18796,18798,18800,18802,18804,18806,18808,18810,18812],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,18784,18785],{"class":902},"d ",[55,18787,906],{"class":703},[55,18789,9207],{"class":69},[55,18791,29],{"class":65},[55,18793,17332],{"class":318},[55,18795,158],{"class":65},[55,18797,126],{"class":109},[55,18799,294],{"class":129},[55,18801,126],{"class":109},[55,18803,163],{"class":65},[55,18805,793],{"class":109},[55,18807,5046],{"class":129},[55,18809,126],{"class":109},[55,18811,18112],{"class":65},[55,18813,18046],{"class":65},[55,18815,18816,18819,18821,18823,18825,18827,18829,18831,18833,18835],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,18817,18818],{"class":902},"d",[55,18820,4186],{"class":65},[55,18822,126],{"class":109},[55,18824,294],{"class":129},[55,18826,126],{"class":109},[55,18828,13596],{"class":65},[55,18830,13599],{"class":318},[55,18832,66],{"class":65},[55,18834,93],{"class":75},[55,18836,322],{"class":65},[55,18838,18839,18841,18843,18845],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,18840,62],{"class":61},[55,18842,66],{"class":65},[55,18844,18818],{"class":318},[55,18846,322],{"class":65},[14,18848,281],{},[46,18850,18852],{"className":48,"code":18851,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1]}\n",[18,18853,18854],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,18855,18856,18858,18860,18862,18864,18866,18868,18870,18872,18874,18876,18878,18880,18882,18884],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,18857,9315],{"class":65},[55,18859,1923],{"class":109},[55,18861,294],{"class":129},[55,18863,1923],{"class":109},[55,18865,790],{"class":65},[55,18867,909],{"class":65},[55,18869,93],{"class":75},[55,18871,18112],{"class":65},[55,18873,1918],{"class":109},[55,18875,5046],{"class":129},[55,18877,1923],{"class":109},[55,18879,790],{"class":65},[55,18881,909],{"class":65},[55,18883,93],{"class":75},[55,18885,13752],{"class":65},[14,18887,18888],{},"This happens because both keys share the same list.",[14,18890,18891],{},"Use this instead:",[46,18893,18895],{"className":48,"code":18894,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\"]\nd = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(d)\n",[18,18896,18897,18921,18945],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,18898,18899,18901,18903,18905,18907,18909,18911,18913,18915,18917,18919],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,18900,17291],{"class":902},[55,18902,906],{"class":703},[55,18904,909],{"class":65},[55,18906,126],{"class":109},[55,18908,294],{"class":129},[55,18910,126],{"class":109},[55,18912,163],{"class":65},[55,18914,793],{"class":109},[55,18916,5046],{"class":129},[55,18918,126],{"class":109},[55,18920,924],{"class":65},[55,18922,18923,18925,18927,18929,18931,18933,18935,18937,18939,18941,18943],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,18924,18785],{"class":902},[55,18926,906],{"class":703},[55,18928,10529],{"class":65},[55,18930,14888],{"class":902},[55,18932,790],{"class":65},[55,18934,18254],{"class":65},[55,18936,4162],{"class":1193},[55,18938,18259],{"class":902},[55,18940,4168],{"class":1193},[55,18942,18264],{"class":902},[55,18944,9346],{"class":65},[55,18946,18947,18949,18951,18953],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,18948,62],{"class":61},[55,18950,66],{"class":65},[55,18952,18818],{"class":318},[55,18954,322],{"class":65},[889,18956,18958,18959,18961],{"id":18957},"trying-to-call-fromkeys-on-a-list","Trying to call ",[18,18960,17267],{}," on a list",[14,18963,18964],{},"Wrong idea:",[46,18966,18968],{"className":48,"code":18967,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[18,18969,18970,19002],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,18971,18972,18974,18976,18978,18980,18982,18984,18986,18988,18990,18992,18994,18996,18998,19000],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,18973,17291],{"class":902},[55,18975,906],{"class":703},[55,18977,909],{"class":65},[55,18979,126],{"class":109},[55,18981,294],{"class":129},[55,18983,126],{"class":109},[55,18985,163],{"class":65},[55,18987,793],{"class":109},[55,18989,5046],{"class":129},[55,18991,126],{"class":109},[55,18993,163],{"class":65},[55,18995,793],{"class":109},[55,18997,9777],{"class":129},[55,18999,126],{"class":109},[55,19001,924],{"class":65},[55,19003,19004],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,19005,19006],{"class":3956},"# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[14,19008,19009,19011,19012,19014,19015,29],{},[18,19010,17267],{}," belongs to ",[18,19013,1975],{},", not ",[18,19016,1229],{},[14,19018,19019],{},"Correct usage:",[46,19021,19023],{"className":48,"code":19022,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nd = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\nprint(d)\n",[18,19024,19025,19057,19079],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,19026,19027,19029,19031,19033,19035,19037,19039,19041,19043,19045,19047,19049,19051,19053,19055],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,19028,17291],{"class":902},[55,19030,906],{"class":703},[55,19032,909],{"class":65},[55,19034,126],{"class":109},[55,19036,294],{"class":129},[55,19038,126],{"class":109},[55,19040,163],{"class":65},[55,19042,793],{"class":109},[55,19044,5046],{"class":129},[55,19046,126],{"class":109},[55,19048,163],{"class":65},[55,19050,793],{"class":109},[55,19052,9777],{"class":129},[55,19054,126],{"class":109},[55,19056,924],{"class":65},[55,19058,19059,19061,19063,19065,19067,19069,19071,19073,19075,19077],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,19060,18785],{"class":902},[55,19062,906],{"class":703},[55,19064,9207],{"class":69},[55,19066,29],{"class":65},[55,19068,17332],{"class":318},[55,19070,66],{"class":65},[55,19072,16972],{"class":318},[55,19074,163],{"class":65},[55,19076,4121],{"class":75},[55,19078,322],{"class":65},[55,19080,19081,19083,19085,19087],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,19082,62],{"class":61},[55,19084,66],{"class":65},[55,19086,18818],{"class":318},[55,19088,322],{"class":65},[889,19090,1595,19092,19094],{"id":19091},"expecting-fromkeys-to-update-an-existing-dictionary",[18,19093,17267],{}," to update an existing dictionary",[14,19096,19097,19099],{},[18,19098,17272],{}," does not change an existing dictionary. It creates a new one.",[46,19101,19103],{"className":48,"code":19102,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"original = {\"x\": 1}\nnew_dict = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(new_dict)\n",[18,19104,19105,19125,19159,19163,19173],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,19106,19107,19109,19111,19113,19115,19117,19119,19121,19123],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,19108,12129],{"class":902},[55,19110,906],{"class":703},[55,19112,10529],{"class":65},[55,19114,126],{"class":109},[55,19116,2477],{"class":129},[55,19118,126],{"class":109},[55,19120,790],{"class":65},[55,19122,5782],{"class":75},[55,19124,9346],{"class":65},[55,19126,19127,19129,19131,19133,19135,19137,19139,19141,19143,19145,19147,19149,19151,19153,19155,19157],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,19128,13083],{"class":902},[55,19130,906],{"class":703},[55,19132,9207],{"class":69},[55,19134,29],{"class":65},[55,19136,17332],{"class":318},[55,19138,158],{"class":65},[55,19140,126],{"class":109},[55,19142,294],{"class":129},[55,19144,126],{"class":109},[55,19146,163],{"class":65},[55,19148,793],{"class":109},[55,19150,5046],{"class":129},[55,19152,126],{"class":109},[55,19154,18112],{"class":65},[55,19156,4121],{"class":75},[55,19158,322],{"class":65},[55,19160,19161],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,19162,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,19164,19165,19167,19169,19171],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,19166,62],{"class":61},[55,19168,66],{"class":65},[55,19170,12176],{"class":318},[55,19172,322],{"class":65},[55,19174,19175,19177,19179,19182],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,19176,62],{"class":61},[55,19178,66],{"class":65},[55,19180,19181],{"class":318},"new_dict",[55,19183,322],{"class":65},[14,19185,281],{},[46,19187,19189],{"className":48,"code":19188,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'x': 1}\n{'a': 0, 'b': 0}\n",[18,19190,19191,19207],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,19192,19193,19195,19197,19199,19201,19203,19205],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,19194,9315],{"class":65},[55,19196,1923],{"class":109},[55,19198,2477],{"class":129},[55,19200,1923],{"class":109},[55,19202,790],{"class":65},[55,19204,5782],{"class":75},[55,19206,9346],{"class":65},[55,19208,19209,19211,19213,19215,19217,19219,19221,19223,19225,19227,19229,19231,19233],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,19210,9315],{"class":65},[55,19212,1923],{"class":109},[55,19214,294],{"class":129},[55,19216,1923],{"class":109},[55,19218,790],{"class":65},[55,19220,4121],{"class":75},[55,19222,163],{"class":65},[55,19224,1918],{"class":109},[55,19226,5046],{"class":129},[55,19228,1923],{"class":109},[55,19230,790],{"class":65},[55,19232,4121],{"class":75},[55,19234,9346],{"class":65},[14,19236,19237,19238,29],{},"If you want to modify an existing dictionary, see the ",[294,19239,10776,19240,10780],{"href":14079},[18,19241,15001],{},[889,19243,19245,19246],{"id":19244},"forgetting-that-the-default-value-is-none","Forgetting that the default value is ",[18,19247,481],{},[46,19249,19251],{"className":48,"code":19250,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"x\", \"y\"])\nprint(d)\n",[18,19252,19253,19283],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,19254,19255,19257,19259,19261,19263,19265,19267,19269,19271,19273,19275,19277,19279,19281],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,19256,18785],{"class":902},[55,19258,906],{"class":703},[55,19260,9207],{"class":69},[55,19262,29],{"class":65},[55,19264,17332],{"class":318},[55,19266,158],{"class":65},[55,19268,126],{"class":109},[55,19270,2477],{"class":129},[55,19272,126],{"class":109},[55,19274,163],{"class":65},[55,19276,793],{"class":109},[55,19278,11788],{"class":129},[55,19280,126],{"class":109},[55,19282,4174],{"class":65},[55,19284,19285,19287,19289,19291],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,19286,62],{"class":61},[55,19288,66],{"class":65},[55,19290,18818],{"class":318},[55,19292,322],{"class":65},[14,19294,281],{},[46,19296,19298],{"className":48,"code":19297,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'x': None, 'y': None}\n",[18,19299,19300],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,19301,19302,19304,19306,19308,19310,19312,19314,19316,19318,19320,19322,19324,19326],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,19303,9315],{"class":65},[55,19305,1923],{"class":109},[55,19307,2477],{"class":129},[55,19309,1923],{"class":109},[55,19311,790],{"class":65},[55,19313,4139],{"class":187},[55,19315,163],{"class":65},[55,19317,1918],{"class":109},[55,19319,11788],{"class":129},[55,19321,1923],{"class":109},[55,19323,790],{"class":65},[55,19325,4139],{"class":187},[55,19327,9346],{"class":65},[14,19329,19330,19331,29],{},"If you do not pass a second argument, every key gets ",[18,19332,481],{},[41,19334,19336],{"id":19335},"useful-checks","Useful checks",[14,19338,19339,19340,19342],{},"You can run these small examples to understand how ",[18,19341,17267],{}," works.",[46,19344,19346],{"className":48,"code":19345,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0))\n",[18,19347,19348],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,19349,19350,19352,19354,19356,19358,19360,19362,19364,19366,19368,19370,19372,19374,19376,19378,19380],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,19351,62],{"class":61},[55,19353,66],{"class":65},[55,19355,1975],{"class":69},[55,19357,29],{"class":65},[55,19359,17332],{"class":318},[55,19361,158],{"class":65},[55,19363,126],{"class":109},[55,19365,294],{"class":129},[55,19367,126],{"class":109},[55,19369,163],{"class":65},[55,19371,793],{"class":109},[55,19373,5046],{"class":129},[55,19375,126],{"class":109},[55,19377,18112],{"class":65},[55,19379,4121],{"class":75},[55,19381,79],{"class":65},[46,19383,19384],{"className":48,"code":19250,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,19385,19386,19416],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,19387,19388,19390,19392,19394,19396,19398,19400,19402,19404,19406,19408,19410,19412,19414],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,19389,18785],{"class":902},[55,19391,906],{"class":703},[55,19393,9207],{"class":69},[55,19395,29],{"class":65},[55,19397,17332],{"class":318},[55,19399,158],{"class":65},[55,19401,126],{"class":109},[55,19403,2477],{"class":129},[55,19405,126],{"class":109},[55,19407,163],{"class":65},[55,19409,793],{"class":109},[55,19411,11788],{"class":129},[55,19413,126],{"class":109},[55,19415,4174],{"class":65},[55,19417,19418,19420,19422,19424],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,19419,62],{"class":61},[55,19421,66],{"class":65},[55,19423,18818],{"class":318},[55,19425,322],{"class":65},[46,19427,19428],{"className":48,"code":18778,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,19429,19430,19462,19484],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,19431,19432,19434,19436,19438,19440,19442,19444,19446,19448,19450,19452,19454,19456,19458,19460],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,19433,18785],{"class":902},[55,19435,906],{"class":703},[55,19437,9207],{"class":69},[55,19439,29],{"class":65},[55,19441,17332],{"class":318},[55,19443,158],{"class":65},[55,19445,126],{"class":109},[55,19447,294],{"class":129},[55,19449,126],{"class":109},[55,19451,163],{"class":65},[55,19453,793],{"class":109},[55,19455,5046],{"class":129},[55,19457,126],{"class":109},[55,19459,18112],{"class":65},[55,19461,18046],{"class":65},[55,19463,19464,19466,19468,19470,19472,19474,19476,19478,19480,19482],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,19465,18818],{"class":902},[55,19467,4186],{"class":65},[55,19469,126],{"class":109},[55,19471,294],{"class":129},[55,19473,126],{"class":109},[55,19475,13596],{"class":65},[55,19477,13599],{"class":318},[55,19479,66],{"class":65},[55,19481,93],{"class":75},[55,19483,322],{"class":65},[55,19485,19486,19488,19490,19492],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,19487,62],{"class":61},[55,19489,66],{"class":65},[55,19491,18818],{"class":318},[55,19493,322],{"class":65},[46,19495,19497],{"className":48,"code":19496,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(type(dict.fromkeys([1, 2, 3], \"value\")))\n",[18,19498,19499],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,19500,19501,19503,19505,19507,19509,19511,19513,19515,19517,19519,19521,19523,19525,19527,19529,19531,19533,19535],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,19502,62],{"class":61},[55,19504,66],{"class":65},[55,19506,1879],{"class":69},[55,19508,66],{"class":65},[55,19510,1975],{"class":69},[55,19512,29],{"class":65},[55,19514,17332],{"class":318},[55,19516,158],{"class":65},[55,19518,93],{"class":75},[55,19520,163],{"class":65},[55,19522,166],{"class":75},[55,19524,163],{"class":65},[55,19526,171],{"class":75},[55,19528,18112],{"class":65},[55,19530,793],{"class":109},[55,19532,319],{"class":129},[55,19534,126],{"class":109},[55,19536,769],{"class":65},[41,19538,2139],{"id":2138},[889,19540,12748,19542,19544],{"id":19541},"does-fromkeys-change-an-existing-dictionary",[18,19543,17267],{}," change an existing dictionary?",[14,19546,19547],{},"No. It creates and returns a new dictionary.",[889,19549,19551],{"id":19550},"what-value-is-used-if-i-do-not-pass-the-second-argument","What value is used if I do not pass the second argument?",[14,19553,19554,19555,29],{},"Each key gets ",[18,19556,481],{},[889,19558,19560],{"id":19559},"can-i-use-a-list-as-the-default-value","Can I use a list as the default value?",[14,19562,19563],{},"Yes, but all keys will share the same list object.",[889,19565,19567],{"id":19566},"how-do-i-give-each-key-its-own-empty-list","How do I give each key its own empty list?",[14,19569,18202],{},[46,19571,19573],{"className":48,"code":19572,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n",[18,19574,19575,19607],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,19576,19577,19579,19581,19583,19585,19587,19589,19591,19593,19595,19597,19599,19601,19603,19605],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,19578,17291],{"class":902},[55,19580,906],{"class":703},[55,19582,909],{"class":65},[55,19584,126],{"class":109},[55,19586,294],{"class":129},[55,19588,126],{"class":109},[55,19590,163],{"class":65},[55,19592,793],{"class":109},[55,19594,5046],{"class":129},[55,19596,126],{"class":109},[55,19598,163],{"class":65},[55,19600,793],{"class":109},[55,19602,9777],{"class":129},[55,19604,126],{"class":109},[55,19606,924],{"class":65},[55,19608,19609,19611,19613,19615,19617,19619,19621,19623,19625,19627,19629],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,19610,9202],{"class":902},[55,19612,906],{"class":703},[55,19614,10529],{"class":65},[55,19616,14888],{"class":902},[55,19618,790],{"class":65},[55,19620,18254],{"class":65},[55,19622,4162],{"class":1193},[55,19624,18259],{"class":902},[55,19626,4168],{"class":1193},[55,19628,18264],{"class":902},[55,19630,9346],{"class":65},[41,19632,2193],{"id":2192},[240,19634,19635,19639,19643,19647,19653],{},[243,19636,19637],{},[294,19638,11283],{"href":13071},[243,19640,19641],{},[294,19642,9192],{"href":13068},[243,19644,19645],{},[294,19646,11292],{"href":17953},[243,19648,19649],{},[294,19650,10776,19651,10780],{"href":14079},[18,19652,15001],{},[243,19654,19655],{},[294,19656,10776,19657,10780],{"href":15046},[18,19658,12821],{},[14,19660,212,19661,19663],{},[18,19662,17272],{}," when all keys should start with the same simple value. If each key needs its own separate list or dictionary, use a dictionary comprehension instead.",[2226,19665,19666],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":19668},[19669,19670,19672,19676,19677,19679,19684,19686,19693,19702,19703,19710],{"id":2307,"depth":82,"text":2308},{"id":17372,"depth":82,"text":19671},"What dict.fromkeys() does",{"id":17416,"depth":82,"text":17417,"children":19673},[19674,19675],{"id":17443,"depth":98,"text":17444},{"id":17467,"depth":98,"text":17468},{"id":6064,"depth":82,"text":6065},{"id":17628,"depth":82,"text":19678},"Using fromkeys() without a value",{"id":17957,"depth":82,"text":17958,"children":19680},[19681,19682,19683],{"id":17987,"depth":98,"text":17988},{"id":18150,"depth":98,"text":18151},{"id":18198,"depth":98,"text":18199},{"id":18362,"depth":82,"text":19685},"When to use fromkeys()",{"id":18520,"depth":82,"text":19687,"children":19688},"fromkeys() vs creating a dictionary manually",[19689,19691,19692],{"id":18531,"depth":98,"text":19690},"Using fromkeys()",{"id":18596,"depth":98,"text":18597},{"id":18670,"depth":98,"text":18671},{"id":1585,"depth":82,"text":1586,"children":19694},[19695,19696,19698,19700],{"id":18774,"depth":98,"text":18775},{"id":18957,"depth":98,"text":19697},"Trying to call fromkeys() on a list",{"id":19091,"depth":98,"text":19699},"Expecting fromkeys() to update an existing dictionary",{"id":19244,"depth":98,"text":19701},"Forgetting that the default value is None",{"id":19335,"depth":82,"text":19336},{"id":2138,"depth":82,"text":2139,"children":19704},[19705,19707,19708,19709],{"id":19541,"depth":98,"text":19706},"Does fromkeys() change an existing dictionary?",{"id":19550,"depth":98,"text":19551},{"id":19559,"depth":98,"text":19560},{"id":19566,"depth":98,"text":19567},{"id":2192,"depth":82,"text":2193},"Master python dictionary fromkeys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method",{"title":17259,"description":19711},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method","2yJ4KIc9BK_9yVeJ8MeOaa9ypdRp2WVvVsnxvO7dWyw",{"id":19718,"title":19719,"body":19720,"description":21550,"extension":2267,"meta":21551,"navigation":1121,"path":21552,"seo":21553,"stem":21554,"__hash__":21555},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method.md","Python Dictionary get() Method",{"type":7,"value":19721,"toc":21517},[19722,19727,19733,19744,19874,19881,19886,19890,19906,19908,20006,20009,20026,20030,20032,20037,20075,20078,20096,20098,20216,20221,20225,20241,20244,20380,20383,20388,20394,20397,20434,20437,20441,20446,20522,20526,20531,20613,20615,20631,20636,20640,20646,20715,20718,20735,20738,20820,20826,20829,20849,20853,20858,20864,20870,20941,20944,20950,20953,21027,21034,21040,21048,21058,21060,21155,21161,21166,21253,21259,21261,21266,21288,21291,21386,21389,21420,21433,21435,21443,21449,21455,21458,21464,21469,21476,21481,21483,21514],[10,19723,11359,19725,11363],{"id":19724},"python-dictionary-get-method",[18,19726,10779],{},[14,19728,19729,19730,19732],{},"The dictionary ",[18,19731,10779],{}," method lets you safely read a value from a dictionary.",[14,19734,19735,19736,2493,19739,1265,19741,19743],{},"It is useful when a key might be missing. Instead of crashing with a ",[18,19737,19738],{},"KeyError",[18,19740,10779],{},[18,19742,481],{}," by default, or a custom fallback value if you provide one.",[46,19745,19747],{"className":48,"code":19746,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.get(\"name\"))           # Ana\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))           # None\nprint(person.get(\"city\", \"N\u002FA\"))    # N\u002FA\n",[18,19748,19749,19785,19789,19815,19840],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,19750,19751,19753,19755,19757,19759,19761,19763,19765,19767,19769,19771,19773,19775,19777,19779,19781,19783],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,19752,13250],{"class":902},[55,19754,906],{"class":703},[55,19756,10529],{"class":65},[55,19758,126],{"class":109},[55,19760,785],{"class":129},[55,19762,126],{"class":109},[55,19764,790],{"class":65},[55,19766,793],{"class":109},[55,19768,12925],{"class":129},[55,19770,126],{"class":109},[55,19772,163],{"class":65},[55,19774,793],{"class":109},[55,19776,9336],{"class":129},[55,19778,126],{"class":109},[55,19780,790],{"class":65},[55,19782,9343],{"class":75},[55,19784,9346],{"class":65},[55,19786,19787],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,19788,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,19790,19791,19793,19795,19797,19799,19802,19804,19806,19808,19810,19812],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,19792,62],{"class":61},[55,19794,66],{"class":65},[55,19796,17356],{"class":318},[55,19798,29],{"class":65},[55,19800,19801],{"class":318},"get",[55,19803,66],{"class":65},[55,19805,126],{"class":109},[55,19807,785],{"class":129},[55,19809,126],{"class":109},[55,19811,5645],{"class":65},[55,19813,19814],{"class":3956},"           # Ana\n",[55,19816,19817,19819,19821,19823,19825,19827,19829,19831,19833,19835,19837],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,19818,62],{"class":61},[55,19820,66],{"class":65},[55,19822,17356],{"class":318},[55,19824,29],{"class":65},[55,19826,19801],{"class":318},[55,19828,66],{"class":65},[55,19830,126],{"class":109},[55,19832,10447],{"class":129},[55,19834,126],{"class":109},[55,19836,5645],{"class":65},[55,19838,19839],{"class":3956},"           # None\n",[55,19841,19842,19844,19846,19848,19850,19852,19854,19856,19858,19860,19862,19864,19867,19869,19871],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,19843,62],{"class":61},[55,19845,66],{"class":65},[55,19847,17356],{"class":318},[55,19849,29],{"class":65},[55,19851,19801],{"class":318},[55,19853,66],{"class":65},[55,19855,126],{"class":109},[55,19857,10447],{"class":129},[55,19859,126],{"class":109},[55,19861,163],{"class":65},[55,19863,793],{"class":109},[55,19865,19866],{"class":129},"N\u002FA",[55,19868,126],{"class":109},[55,19870,5645],{"class":65},[55,19872,19873],{"class":3956},"    # N\u002FA\n",[14,19875,212,19876,19878,19879,29],{},[18,19877,10779],{}," when a dictionary key may be missing and you want a safe result instead of a ",[18,19880,19738],{},[41,19882,3970,19884,3973],{"id":19883},"what-get-does",[18,19885,10779],{},[14,19887,16,19888,11454],{},[18,19889,10779],{},[240,19891,19892,19895,19900,19903],{},[243,19893,19894],{},"Returns the value for a given key",[243,19896,11465,19897,19899],{},[18,19898,481],{}," if the key does not exist",[243,19901,19902],{},"Can return a custom default value instead",[243,19904,19905],{},"Works on dictionary objects only",[14,19907,358],{},[46,19909,19911],{"className":48,"code":19910,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"student = {\"name\": \"Lina\", \"grade\": 90}\n\nprint(student.get(\"name\"))     # Lina\nprint(student.get(\"email\"))    # None\n",[18,19912,19913,19952,19956,19981],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,19914,19915,19917,19919,19921,19923,19925,19927,19929,19931,19934,19936,19938,19940,19943,19945,19947,19950],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,19916,12908],{"class":902},[55,19918,906],{"class":703},[55,19920,10529],{"class":65},[55,19922,126],{"class":109},[55,19924,785],{"class":129},[55,19926,126],{"class":109},[55,19928,790],{"class":65},[55,19930,793],{"class":109},[55,19932,19933],{"class":129},"Lina",[55,19935,126],{"class":109},[55,19937,163],{"class":65},[55,19939,793],{"class":109},[55,19941,19942],{"class":129},"grade",[55,19944,126],{"class":109},[55,19946,790],{"class":65},[55,19948,19949],{"class":75}," 90",[55,19951,9346],{"class":65},[55,19953,19954],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,19955,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,19957,19958,19960,19962,19964,19966,19968,19970,19972,19974,19976,19978],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,19959,62],{"class":61},[55,19961,66],{"class":65},[55,19963,13672],{"class":318},[55,19965,29],{"class":65},[55,19967,19801],{"class":318},[55,19969,66],{"class":65},[55,19971,126],{"class":109},[55,19973,785],{"class":129},[55,19975,126],{"class":109},[55,19977,5645],{"class":65},[55,19979,19980],{"class":3956},"     # Lina\n",[55,19982,19983,19985,19987,19989,19991,19993,19995,19997,19999,20001,20003],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,19984,62],{"class":61},[55,19986,66],{"class":65},[55,19988,13672],{"class":318},[55,19990,29],{"class":65},[55,19992,19801],{"class":318},[55,19994,66],{"class":65},[55,19996,126],{"class":109},[55,19998,15306],{"class":129},[55,20000,126],{"class":109},[55,20002,5645],{"class":65},[55,20004,20005],{"class":3956},"    # None\n",[14,20007,20008],{},"In this example:",[240,20010,20011,20016],{},[243,20012,20013,20015],{},[18,20014,15287],{}," exists, so its value is returned",[243,20017,20018,20021,20022,1265,20024],{},[18,20019,20020],{},"\"email\""," does not exist, so ",[18,20023,10779],{},[18,20025,481],{},[14,20027,13065,20028,29],{},[294,20029,9192],{"href":9191},[41,20031,2460],{"id":2459},[14,20033,20034,20035,790],{},"There are two common forms of ",[18,20036,10779],{},[46,20038,20040],{"className":48,"code":20039,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"dictionary.get(key)\ndictionary.get(key, default_value)\n",[18,20041,20042,20056],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,20043,20044,20046,20048,20050,20052,20054],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,20045,15652],{"class":902},[55,20047,29],{"class":65},[55,20049,19801],{"class":318},[55,20051,66],{"class":65},[55,20053,14888],{"class":318},[55,20055,322],{"class":65},[55,20057,20058,20060,20062,20064,20066,20068,20070,20073],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,20059,15652],{"class":902},[55,20061,29],{"class":65},[55,20063,19801],{"class":318},[55,20065,66],{"class":65},[55,20067,14888],{"class":318},[55,20069,163],{"class":65},[55,20071,20072],{"class":318}," default_value",[55,20074,322],{"class":65},[14,20076,20077],{},"What each part means:",[240,20079,20080,20085,20091],{},[243,20081,20082,20084],{},[18,20083,14888],{}," is the dictionary key you want to look up",[243,20086,20087,20090],{},[18,20088,20089],{},"default_value"," is optional",[243,20092,20093,20094],{},"If you do not provide a default, Python uses ",[18,20095,481],{},[14,20097,358],{},[46,20099,20101],{"className":48,"code":20100,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\"}\n\nprint(settings.get(\"theme\"))            # dark\nprint(settings.get(\"language\"))         # None\nprint(settings.get(\"language\", \"en\"))   # en\n",[18,20102,20103,20127,20131,20156,20182],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,20104,20105,20107,20109,20111,20113,20115,20117,20119,20121,20123,20125],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,20106,13872],{"class":902},[55,20108,906],{"class":703},[55,20110,10529],{"class":65},[55,20112,126],{"class":109},[55,20114,12538],{"class":129},[55,20116,126],{"class":109},[55,20118,790],{"class":65},[55,20120,793],{"class":109},[55,20122,12547],{"class":129},[55,20124,126],{"class":109},[55,20126,9346],{"class":65},[55,20128,20129],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,20130,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,20132,20133,20135,20137,20139,20141,20143,20145,20147,20149,20151,20153],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,20134,62],{"class":61},[55,20136,66],{"class":65},[55,20138,13931],{"class":318},[55,20140,29],{"class":65},[55,20142,19801],{"class":318},[55,20144,66],{"class":65},[55,20146,126],{"class":109},[55,20148,12538],{"class":129},[55,20150,126],{"class":109},[55,20152,5645],{"class":65},[55,20154,20155],{"class":3956},"            # dark\n",[55,20157,20158,20160,20162,20164,20166,20168,20170,20172,20175,20177,20179],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,20159,62],{"class":61},[55,20161,66],{"class":65},[55,20163,13931],{"class":318},[55,20165,29],{"class":65},[55,20167,19801],{"class":318},[55,20169,66],{"class":65},[55,20171,126],{"class":109},[55,20173,20174],{"class":129},"language",[55,20176,126],{"class":109},[55,20178,5645],{"class":65},[55,20180,20181],{"class":3956},"         # None\n",[55,20183,20184,20186,20188,20190,20192,20194,20196,20198,20200,20202,20204,20206,20209,20211,20213],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,20185,62],{"class":61},[55,20187,66],{"class":65},[55,20189,13931],{"class":318},[55,20191,29],{"class":65},[55,20193,19801],{"class":318},[55,20195,66],{"class":65},[55,20197,126],{"class":109},[55,20199,20174],{"class":129},[55,20201,126],{"class":109},[55,20203,163],{"class":65},[55,20205,793],{"class":109},[55,20207,20208],{"class":129},"en",[55,20210,126],{"class":109},[55,20212,5645],{"class":65},[55,20214,20215],{"class":3956},"   # en\n",[41,20217,5247,20219],{"id":20218},"when-to-use-get",[18,20220,10779],{},[14,20222,212,20223,10640],{},[18,20224,10779],{},[240,20226,20227,20230,20235,20238],{},[243,20228,20229],{},"A key might not exist",[243,20231,20232,20233],{},"You want to avoid ",[18,20234,19738],{},[243,20236,20237],{},"You are reading optional data",[243,20239,20240],{},"You are working with JSON, user input, or config data",[14,20242,20243],{},"Example with optional user data:",[46,20245,20247],{"className":48,"code":20246,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"user = {\"username\": \"sam\", \"email\": \"sam@example.com\"}\n\nprint(user.get(\"username\"))              # sam\nprint(user.get(\"phone\"))                 # None\nprint(user.get(\"phone\", \"Not provided\")) # Not provided\n",[18,20248,20249,20291,20295,20320,20346],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,20250,20251,20253,20255,20257,20259,20261,20263,20265,20267,20270,20272,20274,20276,20278,20280,20282,20284,20287,20289],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,20252,11530],{"class":902},[55,20254,906],{"class":703},[55,20256,10529],{"class":65},[55,20258,126],{"class":109},[55,20260,1114],{"class":129},[55,20262,126],{"class":109},[55,20264,790],{"class":65},[55,20266,793],{"class":109},[55,20268,20269],{"class":129},"sam",[55,20271,126],{"class":109},[55,20273,163],{"class":65},[55,20275,793],{"class":109},[55,20277,15306],{"class":129},[55,20279,126],{"class":109},[55,20281,790],{"class":65},[55,20283,793],{"class":109},[55,20285,20286],{"class":129},"sam@example.com",[55,20288,126],{"class":109},[55,20290,9346],{"class":65},[55,20292,20293],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,20294,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,20296,20297,20299,20301,20303,20305,20307,20309,20311,20313,20315,20317],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,20298,62],{"class":61},[55,20300,66],{"class":65},[55,20302,11624],{"class":318},[55,20304,29],{"class":65},[55,20306,19801],{"class":318},[55,20308,66],{"class":65},[55,20310,126],{"class":109},[55,20312,1114],{"class":129},[55,20314,126],{"class":109},[55,20316,5645],{"class":65},[55,20318,20319],{"class":3956},"              # sam\n",[55,20321,20322,20324,20326,20328,20330,20332,20334,20336,20339,20341,20343],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,20323,62],{"class":61},[55,20325,66],{"class":65},[55,20327,11624],{"class":318},[55,20329,29],{"class":65},[55,20331,19801],{"class":318},[55,20333,66],{"class":65},[55,20335,126],{"class":109},[55,20337,20338],{"class":129},"phone",[55,20340,126],{"class":109},[55,20342,5645],{"class":65},[55,20344,20345],{"class":3956},"                 # None\n",[55,20347,20348,20350,20352,20354,20356,20358,20360,20362,20364,20366,20368,20370,20373,20375,20377],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,20349,62],{"class":61},[55,20351,66],{"class":65},[55,20353,11624],{"class":318},[55,20355,29],{"class":65},[55,20357,19801],{"class":318},[55,20359,66],{"class":65},[55,20361,126],{"class":109},[55,20363,20338],{"class":129},[55,20365,126],{"class":109},[55,20367,163],{"class":65},[55,20369,793],{"class":109},[55,20371,20372],{"class":129},"Not provided",[55,20374,126],{"class":109},[55,20376,5645],{"class":65},[55,20378,20379],{"class":3956}," # Not provided\n",[14,20381,20382],{},"This is common when some fields are optional.",[14,20384,20385,20386,29],{},"If you want more help with reading dictionary values, see ",[294,20387,16646],{"href":16645},[41,20389,20391,20393],{"id":20390},"get-vs-square-brackets",[18,20392,10779],{}," vs square brackets",[14,20395,20396],{},"You can access dictionary values in two common ways:",[46,20398,20400],{"className":48,"code":20399,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data[\"key\"]\ndata.get(\"key\")\n",[18,20401,20402,20416],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,20403,20404,20406,20408,20410,20412,20414],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,20405,9241],{"class":902},[55,20407,4186],{"class":65},[55,20409,126],{"class":109},[55,20411,14888],{"class":129},[55,20413,126],{"class":109},[55,20415,924],{"class":65},[55,20417,20418,20420,20422,20424,20426,20428,20430,20432],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,20419,9241],{"class":902},[55,20421,29],{"class":65},[55,20423,19801],{"class":318},[55,20425,66],{"class":65},[55,20427,126],{"class":109},[55,20429,14888],{"class":129},[55,20431,126],{"class":109},[55,20433,322],{"class":65},[14,20435,20436],{},"The difference is important.",[889,20438,20440],{"id":20439},"square-brackets","Square brackets",[14,20442,20443,20444,29],{},"Square brackets are strict. If the key is missing, Python raises a ",[18,20445,19738],{},[46,20447,20449],{"className":48,"code":20448,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data[\"name\"])   # Ana\nprint(data[\"city\"])   # KeyError\n",[18,20450,20451,20475,20479,20501],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,20452,20453,20455,20457,20459,20461,20463,20465,20467,20469,20471,20473],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,20454,9202],{"class":902},[55,20456,906],{"class":703},[55,20458,10529],{"class":65},[55,20460,126],{"class":109},[55,20462,785],{"class":129},[55,20464,126],{"class":109},[55,20466,790],{"class":65},[55,20468,793],{"class":109},[55,20470,12925],{"class":129},[55,20472,126],{"class":109},[55,20474,9346],{"class":65},[55,20476,20477],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,20478,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,20480,20481,20483,20485,20487,20489,20491,20493,20495,20498],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,20482,62],{"class":61},[55,20484,66],{"class":65},[55,20486,9241],{"class":318},[55,20488,4186],{"class":65},[55,20490,126],{"class":109},[55,20492,785],{"class":129},[55,20494,126],{"class":109},[55,20496,20497],{"class":65},"])",[55,20499,20500],{"class":3956},"   # Ana\n",[55,20502,20503,20505,20507,20509,20511,20513,20515,20517,20519],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,20504,62],{"class":61},[55,20506,66],{"class":65},[55,20508,9241],{"class":318},[55,20510,4186],{"class":65},[55,20512,126],{"class":109},[55,20514,10447],{"class":129},[55,20516,126],{"class":109},[55,20518,20497],{"class":65},[55,20520,20521],{"class":3956},"   # KeyError\n",[889,20523,20524],{"id":19801},[18,20525,10779],{},[14,20527,20528,20530],{},[18,20529,10779],{}," is safe for missing keys.",[46,20532,20534],{"className":48,"code":20533,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data.get(\"name\"))   # Ana\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))   # None\n",[18,20535,20536,20560,20564,20588],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,20537,20538,20540,20542,20544,20546,20548,20550,20552,20554,20556,20558],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,20539,9202],{"class":902},[55,20541,906],{"class":703},[55,20543,10529],{"class":65},[55,20545,126],{"class":109},[55,20547,785],{"class":129},[55,20549,126],{"class":109},[55,20551,790],{"class":65},[55,20553,793],{"class":109},[55,20555,12925],{"class":129},[55,20557,126],{"class":109},[55,20559,9346],{"class":65},[55,20561,20562],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,20563,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,20565,20566,20568,20570,20572,20574,20576,20578,20580,20582,20584,20586],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,20567,62],{"class":61},[55,20569,66],{"class":65},[55,20571,9241],{"class":318},[55,20573,29],{"class":65},[55,20575,19801],{"class":318},[55,20577,66],{"class":65},[55,20579,126],{"class":109},[55,20581,785],{"class":129},[55,20583,126],{"class":109},[55,20585,5645],{"class":65},[55,20587,20500],{"class":3956},[55,20589,20590,20592,20594,20596,20598,20600,20602,20604,20606,20608,20610],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,20591,62],{"class":61},[55,20593,66],{"class":65},[55,20595,9241],{"class":318},[55,20597,29],{"class":65},[55,20599,19801],{"class":318},[55,20601,66],{"class":65},[55,20603,126],{"class":109},[55,20605,10447],{"class":129},[55,20607,126],{"class":109},[55,20609,5645],{"class":65},[55,20611,20612],{"class":3956},"   # None\n",[14,20614,18745],{},[240,20616,20617,20623],{},[243,20618,20619,20620],{},"Square brackets when the key ",[435,20621,20622],{},"must exist",[243,20624,20625,20627,20628],{},[18,20626,10779],{}," when the key is ",[435,20629,20630],{},"optional",[14,20632,20633,20634,29],{},"If you are seeing crashes from missing keys, read ",[294,20635,11303],{"href":11114},[41,20637,20639],{"id":20638},"using-a-default-value","Using a default value",[14,20641,20642,20643,20645],{},"You can pass a second argument to ",[18,20644,10779],{}," to choose what should be returned if the key is missing.",[46,20647,20649],{"className":48,"code":20648,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"profile = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(profile.get(\"country\", \"Unknown\"))  # Unknown\n",[18,20650,20651,20676,20680],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,20652,20653,20656,20658,20660,20662,20664,20666,20668,20670,20672,20674],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,20654,20655],{"class":902},"profile ",[55,20657,906],{"class":703},[55,20659,10529],{"class":65},[55,20661,126],{"class":109},[55,20663,785],{"class":129},[55,20665,126],{"class":109},[55,20667,790],{"class":65},[55,20669,793],{"class":109},[55,20671,1049],{"class":129},[55,20673,126],{"class":109},[55,20675,9346],{"class":65},[55,20677,20678],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,20679,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,20681,20682,20684,20686,20689,20691,20693,20695,20697,20699,20701,20703,20705,20708,20710,20712],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,20683,62],{"class":61},[55,20685,66],{"class":65},[55,20687,20688],{"class":318},"profile",[55,20690,29],{"class":65},[55,20692,19801],{"class":318},[55,20694,66],{"class":65},[55,20696,126],{"class":109},[55,20698,15309],{"class":129},[55,20700,126],{"class":109},[55,20702,163],{"class":65},[55,20704,793],{"class":109},[55,20706,20707],{"class":129},"Unknown",[55,20709,126],{"class":109},[55,20711,5645],{"class":65},[55,20713,20714],{"class":3956},"  # Unknown\n",[14,20716,20717],{},"This is useful for display text:",[240,20719,20720,20725,20730],{},[243,20721,20722],{},[18,20723,20724],{},"\"Unknown\"",[243,20726,20727],{},[18,20728,20729],{},"\"Not set\"",[243,20731,20732],{},[18,20733,20734],{},"\"N\u002FA\"",[14,20736,20737],{},"It is also useful in calculations:",[46,20739,20741],{"className":48,"code":20740,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"scores = {\"math\": 10, \"science\": 8}\n\ntotal_history = scores.get(\"history\", 0)\nprint(total_history)   # 0\n",[18,20742,20743,20775,20779,20806],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,20744,20745,20747,20749,20751,20753,20755,20757,20759,20761,20763,20765,20767,20769,20771,20773],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,20746,5350],{"class":902},[55,20748,906],{"class":703},[55,20750,10529],{"class":65},[55,20752,126],{"class":109},[55,20754,18467],{"class":129},[55,20756,126],{"class":109},[55,20758,790],{"class":65},[55,20760,6283],{"class":75},[55,20762,163],{"class":65},[55,20764,793],{"class":109},[55,20766,18476],{"class":129},[55,20768,126],{"class":109},[55,20770,790],{"class":65},[55,20772,6636],{"class":75},[55,20774,9346],{"class":65},[55,20776,20777],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,20778,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,20780,20781,20784,20786,20788,20790,20792,20794,20796,20798,20800,20802,20804],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,20782,20783],{"class":902},"total_history ",[55,20785,906],{"class":703},[55,20787,5397],{"class":902},[55,20789,29],{"class":65},[55,20791,19801],{"class":318},[55,20793,66],{"class":65},[55,20795,126],{"class":109},[55,20797,18485],{"class":129},[55,20799,126],{"class":109},[55,20801,163],{"class":65},[55,20803,4121],{"class":75},[55,20805,322],{"class":65},[55,20807,20808,20810,20812,20815,20817],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,20809,62],{"class":61},[55,20811,66],{"class":65},[55,20813,20814],{"class":318},"total_history",[55,20816,3953],{"class":65},[55,20818,20819],{"class":3956},"   # 0\n",[14,20821,20822,20823,20825],{},"Here, ",[18,20824,76],{}," is a good default because the code expects a number.",[14,20827,20828],{},"Try to choose a default value that matches the type you expect:",[240,20830,20831,20834,20839,20844],{},[243,20832,20833],{},"Use a string for text",[243,20835,212,20836,20838],{},[18,20837,76],{}," for numbers",[243,20840,212,20841,20843],{},[18,20842,461],{}," for lists if needed",[243,20845,212,20846,20848],{},[18,20847,471],{}," for dictionaries if needed",[41,20850,20852],{"id":20851},"important-beginner-notes","Important beginner notes",[14,20854,20855,20856,29],{},"There are a few things beginners often miss about ",[18,20857,10779],{},[889,20859,20861,20863],{"id":20860},"get-does-not-add-a-missing-key",[18,20862,10779],{}," does not add a missing key",[14,20865,20866,20867,20869],{},"This code does ",[435,20868,4916],{}," create a new key:",[46,20871,20873],{"className":48,"code":20872,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))  # None\nprint(person)              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[18,20874,20875,20899,20903,20928],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,20876,20877,20879,20881,20883,20885,20887,20889,20891,20893,20895,20897],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,20878,13250],{"class":902},[55,20880,906],{"class":703},[55,20882,10529],{"class":65},[55,20884,126],{"class":109},[55,20886,785],{"class":129},[55,20888,126],{"class":109},[55,20890,790],{"class":65},[55,20892,793],{"class":109},[55,20894,12925],{"class":129},[55,20896,126],{"class":109},[55,20898,9346],{"class":65},[55,20900,20901],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,20902,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,20904,20905,20907,20909,20911,20913,20915,20917,20919,20921,20923,20925],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,20906,62],{"class":61},[55,20908,66],{"class":65},[55,20910,17356],{"class":318},[55,20912,29],{"class":65},[55,20914,19801],{"class":318},[55,20916,66],{"class":65},[55,20918,126],{"class":109},[55,20920,10447],{"class":129},[55,20922,126],{"class":109},[55,20924,5645],{"class":65},[55,20926,20927],{"class":3956},"  # None\n",[55,20929,20930,20932,20934,20936,20938],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,20931,62],{"class":61},[55,20933,66],{"class":65},[55,20935,17356],{"class":318},[55,20937,3953],{"class":65},[55,20939,20940],{"class":3956},"              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[14,20942,20943],{},"The dictionary stays the same.",[889,20945,20947,20949],{"id":20946},"get-does-not-change-the-dictionary",[18,20948,10779],{}," does not change the dictionary",[14,20951,20952],{},"It only reads a value safely.",[46,20954,20956],{"className":48,"code":20955,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"settings = {\"mode\": \"light\"}\n\nsettings.get(\"theme\", \"dark\")\nprint(settings)   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[18,20957,20958,20984,20988,21014],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,20959,20960,20962,20964,20966,20968,20971,20973,20975,20977,20980,20982],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,20961,13872],{"class":902},[55,20963,906],{"class":703},[55,20965,10529],{"class":65},[55,20967,126],{"class":109},[55,20969,20970],{"class":129},"mode",[55,20972,126],{"class":109},[55,20974,790],{"class":65},[55,20976,793],{"class":109},[55,20978,20979],{"class":129},"light",[55,20981,126],{"class":109},[55,20983,9346],{"class":65},[55,20985,20986],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,20987,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,20989,20990,20992,20994,20996,20998,21000,21002,21004,21006,21008,21010,21012],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,20991,13931],{"class":902},[55,20993,29],{"class":65},[55,20995,19801],{"class":318},[55,20997,66],{"class":65},[55,20999,126],{"class":109},[55,21001,12538],{"class":129},[55,21003,126],{"class":109},[55,21005,163],{"class":65},[55,21007,793],{"class":109},[55,21009,12547],{"class":129},[55,21011,126],{"class":109},[55,21013,322],{"class":65},[55,21015,21016,21018,21020,21022,21024],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,21017,62],{"class":61},[55,21019,66],{"class":65},[55,21021,13931],{"class":318},[55,21023,3953],{"class":65},[55,21025,21026],{"class":3956},"   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[14,21028,21029,21030,21033],{},"Even though ",[18,21031,21032],{},"\"dark\""," was returned as a default, it was not saved into the dictionary.",[889,21035,21037,21038],{"id":21036},"a-stored-value-can-also-be-none","A stored value can also be ",[18,21039,481],{},[14,21041,21042,21043,1265,21045,21047],{},"Sometimes ",[18,21044,10779],{},[18,21046,481],{}," because:",[240,21049,21050,21053],{},[243,21051,21052],{},"The key is missing, or",[243,21054,21055,21056],{},"The key exists and its value is actually ",[18,21057,481],{},[14,21059,358],{},[46,21061,21063],{"className":48,"code":21062,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(data.get(\"nickname\"))  # None\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))      # None\n",[18,21064,21065,21102,21106,21130],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,21066,21067,21069,21071,21073,21075,21077,21079,21081,21083,21085,21087,21089,21091,21094,21096,21098,21100],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,21068,9202],{"class":902},[55,21070,906],{"class":703},[55,21072,10529],{"class":65},[55,21074,126],{"class":109},[55,21076,785],{"class":129},[55,21078,126],{"class":109},[55,21080,790],{"class":65},[55,21082,793],{"class":109},[55,21084,12925],{"class":129},[55,21086,126],{"class":109},[55,21088,163],{"class":65},[55,21090,793],{"class":109},[55,21092,21093],{"class":129},"nickname",[55,21095,126],{"class":109},[55,21097,790],{"class":65},[55,21099,4139],{"class":187},[55,21101,9346],{"class":65},[55,21103,21104],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,21105,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,21107,21108,21110,21112,21114,21116,21118,21120,21122,21124,21126,21128],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,21109,62],{"class":61},[55,21111,66],{"class":65},[55,21113,9241],{"class":318},[55,21115,29],{"class":65},[55,21117,19801],{"class":318},[55,21119,66],{"class":65},[55,21121,126],{"class":109},[55,21123,21093],{"class":129},[55,21125,126],{"class":109},[55,21127,5645],{"class":65},[55,21129,20927],{"class":3956},[55,21131,21132,21134,21136,21138,21140,21142,21144,21146,21148,21150,21152],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,21133,62],{"class":61},[55,21135,66],{"class":65},[55,21137,9241],{"class":318},[55,21139,29],{"class":65},[55,21141,19801],{"class":318},[55,21143,66],{"class":65},[55,21145,126],{"class":109},[55,21147,10447],{"class":129},[55,21149,126],{"class":109},[55,21151,5645],{"class":65},[55,21153,21154],{"class":3956},"      # None\n",[14,21156,21157,21158,21160],{},"Both lines print ",[18,21159,481],{},", but they mean different things.",[14,21162,21163,21164,790],{},"If you need to know whether the key exists, check with ",[18,21165,4168],{},[46,21167,21169],{"className":48,"code":21168,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(\"nickname\" in data)  # True\nprint(\"city\" in data)      # False\n",[18,21170,21171,21207,21211,21232],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,21172,21173,21175,21177,21179,21181,21183,21185,21187,21189,21191,21193,21195,21197,21199,21201,21203,21205],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,21174,9202],{"class":902},[55,21176,906],{"class":703},[55,21178,10529],{"class":65},[55,21180,126],{"class":109},[55,21182,785],{"class":129},[55,21184,126],{"class":109},[55,21186,790],{"class":65},[55,21188,793],{"class":109},[55,21190,12925],{"class":129},[55,21192,126],{"class":109},[55,21194,163],{"class":65},[55,21196,793],{"class":109},[55,21198,21093],{"class":129},[55,21200,126],{"class":109},[55,21202,790],{"class":65},[55,21204,4139],{"class":187},[55,21206,9346],{"class":65},[55,21208,21209],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,21210,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,21212,21213,21215,21217,21219,21221,21223,21226,21228,21230],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,21214,62],{"class":61},[55,21216,66],{"class":65},[55,21218,126],{"class":109},[55,21220,21093],{"class":129},[55,21222,126],{"class":109},[55,21224,21225],{"class":1193}," in",[55,21227,14613],{"class":318},[55,21229,3953],{"class":65},[55,21231,3957],{"class":3956},[55,21233,21234,21236,21238,21240,21242,21244,21246,21248,21250],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,21235,62],{"class":61},[55,21237,66],{"class":65},[55,21239,126],{"class":109},[55,21241,10447],{"class":129},[55,21243,126],{"class":109},[55,21245,21225],{"class":1193},[55,21247,14613],{"class":318},[55,21249,3953],{"class":65},[55,21251,21252],{"class":3956},"      # False\n",[14,21254,21255,21256,29],{},"For a full beginner guide, see ",[294,21257,21258],{"href":17202},"how to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[41,21260,1586],{"id":1585},[14,21262,21263,21264,790],{},"Here are some common problems when using ",[18,21265,10779],{},[240,21267,21268,21273,21280,21285],{},[243,21269,21270,21271],{},"Using square brackets for optional keys and getting a ",[18,21272,19738],{},[243,21274,4989,21275,1265,21277,21279],{},[18,21276,10779],{},[18,21278,481],{}," if no default is provided",[243,21281,4864,21282,21284],{},[18,21283,10779],{}," creates a key automatically",[243,21286,21287],{},"Using a default value of the wrong type",[14,21289,21290],{},"Debugging steps that help:",[46,21292,21294],{"className":48,"code":21293,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.get('name'))\nprint(type(my_dict.get('name')))\n",[18,21295,21296,21306,21320,21338,21360],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,21297,21298,21300,21302,21304],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,21299,62],{"class":61},[55,21301,66],{"class":65},[55,21303,11491],{"class":318},[55,21305,322],{"class":65},[55,21307,21308,21310,21312,21314,21316,21318],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,21309,62],{"class":61},[55,21311,66],{"class":65},[55,21313,11491],{"class":318},[55,21315,29],{"class":65},[55,21317,16972],{"class":318},[55,21319,278],{"class":65},[55,21321,21322,21324,21326,21328,21330,21332,21334,21336],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,21323,62],{"class":61},[55,21325,66],{"class":65},[55,21327,1923],{"class":109},[55,21329,785],{"class":129},[55,21331,1923],{"class":109},[55,21333,21225],{"class":1193},[55,21335,11809],{"class":318},[55,21337,322],{"class":65},[55,21339,21340,21342,21344,21346,21348,21350,21352,21354,21356,21358],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,21341,62],{"class":61},[55,21343,66],{"class":65},[55,21345,11491],{"class":318},[55,21347,29],{"class":65},[55,21349,19801],{"class":318},[55,21351,66],{"class":65},[55,21353,1923],{"class":109},[55,21355,785],{"class":129},[55,21357,1923],{"class":109},[55,21359,79],{"class":65},[55,21361,21362,21364,21366,21368,21370,21372,21374,21376,21378,21380,21382,21384],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,21363,62],{"class":61},[55,21365,66],{"class":65},[55,21367,1879],{"class":69},[55,21369,66],{"class":65},[55,21371,11491],{"class":318},[55,21373,29],{"class":65},[55,21375,19801],{"class":318},[55,21377,66],{"class":65},[55,21379,1923],{"class":109},[55,21381,785],{"class":129},[55,21383,1923],{"class":109},[55,21385,769],{"class":65},[14,21387,21388],{},"What these checks tell you:",[240,21390,21391,21396,21402,21408,21414],{},[243,21392,21393,21395],{},[18,21394,12723],{}," shows the full dictionary",[243,21397,21398,21401],{},[18,21399,21400],{},"print(my_dict.keys())"," shows which keys exist",[243,21403,21404,21407],{},[18,21405,21406],{},"print('name' in my_dict)"," checks if a specific key exists",[243,21409,21410,21413],{},[18,21411,21412],{},"print(my_dict.get('name'))"," shows the returned value",[243,21415,21416,21419],{},[18,21417,21418],{},"print(type(my_dict.get('name')))"," shows the value type",[14,21421,21422,21423,4679,21428,21432],{},"You may also want to learn about ",[294,21424,21425,21426,10780],{"href":17111},"the dictionary ",[18,21427,17114],{},[294,21429,21425,21430,10780],{"href":17124},[18,21431,17127],{}," when inspecting dictionary contents.",[41,21434,2139],{"id":2138},[889,21436,12748,21438,21440,21441,2794],{"id":21437},"does-get-raise-keyerror",[18,21439,10779],{}," raise ",[18,21442,19738],{},[14,21444,21445,21446,21448],{},"No. If the key is missing, it returns ",[18,21447,481],{}," or the default value you provide.",[889,21450,12748,21452,21454],{"id":21451},"does-get-add-a-key-to-the-dictionary",[18,21453,10779],{}," add a key to the dictionary?",[14,21456,21457],{},"No. It only reads a value safely.",[889,21459,21461,21462,2794],{"id":21460},"what-is-the-default-return-value-of-get","What is the default return value of ",[18,21463,10779],{},[14,21465,21466,21468],{},[18,21467,481],{},", unless you pass a second argument.",[889,21470,21472,21473,21475],{"id":21471},"should-i-use-get-or-square-brackets","Should I use ",[18,21474,10779],{}," or square brackets?",[14,21477,212,21478,21480],{},[18,21479,10779],{}," for optional keys. Use square brackets when the key must exist.",[41,21482,2193],{"id":2192},[240,21484,21485,21489,21495,21501,21505,21510],{},[243,21486,21487],{},[294,21488,9192],{"href":9191},[243,21490,21491],{},[294,21492,10776,21493,10780],{"href":17111},[18,21494,17114],{},[243,21496,21497],{},[294,21498,10776,21499,10780],{"href":17124},[18,21500,17127],{},[243,21502,21503],{},[294,21504,17203],{"href":17202},[243,21506,21507],{},[294,21508,21509],{"href":16645},"How to access values in a dictionary in Python",[243,21511,21512],{},[294,21513,11303],{"href":11114},[2226,21515,21516],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":21518},[21519,21521,21522,21524,21529,21530,21538,21539,21549],{"id":19883,"depth":82,"text":21520},"What get() does",{"id":2459,"depth":82,"text":2460},{"id":20218,"depth":82,"text":21523},"When to use get()",{"id":20390,"depth":82,"text":21525,"children":21526},"get() vs square brackets",[21527,21528],{"id":20439,"depth":98,"text":20440},{"id":19801,"depth":98,"text":10779},{"id":20638,"depth":82,"text":20639},{"id":20851,"depth":82,"text":20852,"children":21531},[21532,21534,21536],{"id":20860,"depth":98,"text":21533},"get() does not add a missing key",{"id":20946,"depth":98,"text":21535},"get() does not change the dictionary",{"id":21036,"depth":98,"text":21537},"A stored value can also be None",{"id":1585,"depth":82,"text":1586},{"id":2138,"depth":82,"text":2139,"children":21540},[21541,21543,21545,21547],{"id":21437,"depth":98,"text":21542},"Does get() raise KeyError?",{"id":21451,"depth":98,"text":21544},"Does get() add a key to the dictionary?",{"id":21460,"depth":98,"text":21546},"What is the default return value of get()?",{"id":21471,"depth":98,"text":21548},"Should I use get() or square brackets?",{"id":2192,"depth":82,"text":2193},"Master python dictionary get method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method",{"title":19719,"description":21550},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method","nLl6HZ6KZg7GUYDF-4amCD2Q5QTayzRXFN3p-YK5PQI",{"id":21557,"title":21558,"body":21559,"description":24116,"extension":2267,"meta":24117,"navigation":1121,"path":24118,"seo":24119,"stem":24120,"__hash__":24121},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method.md","Python Dictionary items() Method",{"type":7,"value":21560,"toc":24082},[21561,21566,21572,21578,21580,21662,21666,21683,21688,21693,21698,21700,21714,21716,21779,21783,21823,21831,21833,21835,21850,21853,21866,21868,21947,21951,22017,22019,22023,22031,22033,22044,22046,22156,22160,22239,22245,22251,22256,22369,22373,22405,22408,22515,22521,22528,22532,22535,22638,22642,22703,22706,22709,22720,22729,22732,22749,22751,22850,22854,22929,22932,22955,22960,22965,22982,22984,23105,23109,23143,23145,23150,23157,23167,23169,23247,23250,23321,23331,23334,23366,23369,23408,23414,23421,23424,23515,23519,23600,23606,23609,23612,23717,23720,23723,23845,23849,23852,23919,23923,23960,23966,23968,23974,23979,23985,23992,23998,24001,24040,24046,24049,24051,24079],[10,21562,11359,21564,11363],{"id":21563},"python-dictionary-items-method",[18,21565,17127],{},[14,21567,16,21568,21571],{},[18,21569,21570],{},"dict.items()"," method lets you get both the keys and values from a dictionary at the same time.",[14,21573,21574,21575,21577],{},"Beginners usually use it when looping through a dictionary. Instead of getting a key first and then looking up its value, ",[18,21576,17127],{}," gives you each key-value pair together.",[41,21579,2308],{"id":2307},[46,21581,21583],{"className":48,"code":21582,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[18,21584,21585,21621,21625,21648],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,21586,21587,21589,21591,21593,21595,21597,21599,21601,21603,21605,21607,21609,21611,21613,21615,21617,21619],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,21588,13250],{"class":902},[55,21590,906],{"class":703},[55,21592,10529],{"class":65},[55,21594,126],{"class":109},[55,21596,785],{"class":129},[55,21598,126],{"class":109},[55,21600,790],{"class":65},[55,21602,793],{"class":109},[55,21604,12925],{"class":129},[55,21606,126],{"class":109},[55,21608,163],{"class":65},[55,21610,793],{"class":109},[55,21612,9336],{"class":129},[55,21614,126],{"class":109},[55,21616,790],{"class":65},[55,21618,9343],{"class":75},[55,21620,9346],{"class":65},[55,21622,21623],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,21624,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,21626,21627,21629,21632,21634,21637,21639,21641,21643,21645],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,21628,6236],{"class":1193},[55,21630,21631],{"class":902}," key",[55,21633,163],{"class":65},[55,21635,21636],{"class":902}," value ",[55,21638,4168],{"class":1193},[55,21640,13293],{"class":902},[55,21642,29],{"class":65},[55,21644,937],{"class":318},[55,21646,21647],{"class":65},"():\n",[55,21649,21650,21652,21654,21656,21658,21660],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,21651,1204],{"class":61},[55,21653,66],{"class":65},[55,21655,14888],{"class":318},[55,21657,163],{"class":65},[55,21659,1572],{"class":318},[55,21661,322],{"class":65},[14,21663,21664],{},[435,21665,281],{},[46,21667,21669],{"className":48,"code":21668,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name Ana\nage 25\n",[18,21670,21671,21676],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,21672,21673],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,21674,21675],{"class":902},"name Ana\n",[55,21677,21678,21681],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,21679,21680],{"class":902},"age ",[55,21682,3012],{"class":75},[14,21684,212,21685,21687],{},[18,21686,17127],{}," when you need both the dictionary key and its value in the same loop.",[41,21689,3970,21691,3973],{"id":21690},"what-items-does",[18,21692,17127],{},[14,21694,21695,21697],{},[18,21696,17127],{}," returns all key-value pairs from a dictionary.",[14,21699,11500],{},[240,21701,21702,21708,21711],{},[243,21703,21704,21705],{},"Each result is a pair in the form ",[18,21706,21707],{},"(key, value)",[243,21709,21710],{},"Each pair is a tuple",[243,21712,21713],{},"The most common use is looping through a dictionary",[14,21715,358],{},[46,21717,21719],{"className":48,"code":21718,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[18,21720,21721,21757,21761],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,21722,21723,21725,21727,21729,21731,21733,21735,21737,21739,21741,21743,21745,21747,21749,21751,21753,21755],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,21724,13250],{"class":902},[55,21726,906],{"class":703},[55,21728,10529],{"class":65},[55,21730,126],{"class":109},[55,21732,785],{"class":129},[55,21734,126],{"class":109},[55,21736,790],{"class":65},[55,21738,793],{"class":109},[55,21740,12925],{"class":129},[55,21742,126],{"class":109},[55,21744,163],{"class":65},[55,21746,793],{"class":109},[55,21748,9336],{"class":129},[55,21750,126],{"class":109},[55,21752,790],{"class":65},[55,21754,9343],{"class":75},[55,21756,9346],{"class":65},[55,21758,21759],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,21760,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,21762,21763,21765,21767,21769,21771,21773,21775,21777],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,21764,62],{"class":61},[55,21766,66],{"class":65},[55,21768,1229],{"class":69},[55,21770,66],{"class":65},[55,21772,17356],{"class":318},[55,21774,29],{"class":65},[55,21776,937],{"class":318},[55,21778,579],{"class":65},[14,21780,21781],{},[435,21782,281],{},[46,21784,21786],{"className":48,"code":21785,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[18,21787,21788],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,21789,21790,21793,21795,21797,21799,21801,21803,21805,21807,21809,21811,21813,21815,21817,21819,21821],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,21791,21792],{"class":65},"[(",[55,21794,1923],{"class":109},[55,21796,785],{"class":129},[55,21798,1923],{"class":109},[55,21800,163],{"class":65},[55,21802,1918],{"class":109},[55,21804,12925],{"class":129},[55,21806,1923],{"class":109},[55,21808,9270],{"class":65},[55,21810,9273],{"class":65},[55,21812,1923],{"class":109},[55,21814,9336],{"class":129},[55,21816,1923],{"class":109},[55,21818,163],{"class":65},[55,21820,9343],{"class":75},[55,21822,9286],{"class":65},[14,21824,21825,21826,25,21828,29],{},"If you are still learning dictionaries, see ",[294,21827,9192],{"href":13068},[294,21829,15072],{"href":21830},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python",[41,21832,2460],{"id":2459},[14,21834,5718],{},[46,21836,21838],{"className":48,"code":21837,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_dict.items()\n",[18,21839,21840],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,21841,21842,21844,21846,21848],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,21843,11491],{"class":902},[55,21845,29],{"class":65},[55,21847,937],{"class":318},[55,21849,1789],{"class":65},[14,21851,21852],{},"Things to remember:",[240,21854,21855,21860,21863],{},[243,21856,21857,21859],{},[18,21858,17127],{}," does not take any arguments",[243,21861,21862],{},"It does not change the original dictionary",[243,21864,21865],{},"It gives you a way to access key-value pairs",[14,21867,358],{},[46,21869,21871],{"className":48,"code":21870,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"scores = {\"Alice\": 90, \"Bob\": 85}\n\nresult = scores.items()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(scores)\n",[18,21872,21873,21905,21909,21923,21927,21937],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,21874,21875,21877,21879,21881,21883,21885,21887,21889,21891,21893,21895,21897,21899,21901,21903],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,21876,5350],{"class":902},[55,21878,906],{"class":703},[55,21880,10529],{"class":65},[55,21882,126],{"class":109},[55,21884,5290],{"class":129},[55,21886,126],{"class":109},[55,21888,790],{"class":65},[55,21890,19949],{"class":75},[55,21892,163],{"class":65},[55,21894,793],{"class":109},[55,21896,5299],{"class":129},[55,21898,126],{"class":109},[55,21900,790],{"class":65},[55,21902,13553],{"class":75},[55,21904,9346],{"class":65},[55,21906,21907],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,21908,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,21910,21911,21913,21915,21917,21919,21921],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,21912,2534],{"class":902},[55,21914,906],{"class":703},[55,21916,5397],{"class":902},[55,21918,29],{"class":65},[55,21920,937],{"class":318},[55,21922,1789],{"class":65},[55,21924,21925],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,21926,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,21928,21929,21931,21933,21935],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,21930,62],{"class":61},[55,21932,66],{"class":65},[55,21934,2569],{"class":318},[55,21936,322],{"class":65},[55,21938,21939,21941,21943,21945],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,21940,62],{"class":61},[55,21942,66],{"class":65},[55,21944,16437],{"class":318},[55,21946,322],{"class":65},[14,21948,21949],{},[435,21950,281],{},[46,21952,21954],{"className":48,"code":21953,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"dict_items([('Alice', 90), ('Bob', 85)])\n{'Alice': 90, 'Bob': 85}\n",[18,21955,21956,21989],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,21957,21958,21961,21963,21965,21967,21969,21971,21973,21975,21977,21979,21981,21983,21985,21987],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,21959,21960],{"class":318},"dict_items",[55,21962,9695],{"class":65},[55,21964,1923],{"class":109},[55,21966,5290],{"class":129},[55,21968,1923],{"class":109},[55,21970,163],{"class":65},[55,21972,19949],{"class":75},[55,21974,9270],{"class":65},[55,21976,9273],{"class":65},[55,21978,1923],{"class":109},[55,21980,5299],{"class":129},[55,21982,1923],{"class":109},[55,21984,163],{"class":65},[55,21986,13553],{"class":75},[55,21988,10718],{"class":65},[55,21990,21991,21993,21995,21997,21999,22001,22003,22005,22007,22009,22011,22013,22015],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,21992,9315],{"class":65},[55,21994,1923],{"class":109},[55,21996,5290],{"class":129},[55,21998,1923],{"class":109},[55,22000,790],{"class":65},[55,22002,19949],{"class":75},[55,22004,163],{"class":65},[55,22006,1918],{"class":109},[55,22008,5299],{"class":129},[55,22010,1923],{"class":109},[55,22012,790],{"class":65},[55,22014,13553],{"class":75},[55,22016,9346],{"class":65},[14,22018,20943],{},[41,22020,22022],{"id":22021},"what-it-returns","What it returns",[14,22024,22025,22027,22028,22030],{},[18,22026,17127],{}," returns a ",[18,22029,21960],{}," view object.",[14,22032,2410],{},[240,22034,22035,22038,22041],{},[243,22036,22037],{},"You can loop over it",[243,22039,22040],{},"You can convert it to a list if needed",[243,22042,22043],{},"It reflects changes made to the dictionary",[14,22045,358],{},[46,22047,22049],{"className":48,"code":22048,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\npairs = data.items()\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n\ndata[\"z\"] = 3\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[18,22050,22051,22083,22097,22101,22115,22119,22138,22142],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,22052,22053,22055,22057,22059,22061,22063,22065,22067,22069,22071,22073,22075,22077,22079,22081],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,22054,9202],{"class":902},[55,22056,906],{"class":703},[55,22058,10529],{"class":65},[55,22060,126],{"class":109},[55,22062,2477],{"class":129},[55,22064,126],{"class":109},[55,22066,790],{"class":65},[55,22068,5782],{"class":75},[55,22070,163],{"class":65},[55,22072,793],{"class":109},[55,22074,11788],{"class":129},[55,22076,126],{"class":109},[55,22078,790],{"class":65},[55,22080,166],{"class":75},[55,22082,9346],{"class":65},[55,22084,22085,22087,22089,22091,22093,22095],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,22086,9252],{"class":902},[55,22088,906],{"class":703},[55,22090,14613],{"class":902},[55,22092,29],{"class":65},[55,22094,937],{"class":318},[55,22096,1789],{"class":65},[55,22098,22099],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,22100,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,22102,22103,22105,22107,22109,22111,22113],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,22104,62],{"class":61},[55,22106,66],{"class":65},[55,22108,1229],{"class":69},[55,22110,66],{"class":65},[55,22112,9299],{"class":318},[55,22114,79],{"class":65},[55,22116,22117],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,22118,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,22120,22121,22123,22125,22127,22130,22132,22134,22136],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,22122,9241],{"class":902},[55,22124,4186],{"class":65},[55,22126,126],{"class":109},[55,22128,22129],{"class":129},"z",[55,22131,126],{"class":109},[55,22133,13319],{"class":65},[55,22135,13322],{"class":703},[55,22137,2880],{"class":75},[55,22139,22140],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,22141,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,22143,22144,22146,22148,22150,22152,22154],{"class":57,"line":582},[55,22145,62],{"class":61},[55,22147,66],{"class":65},[55,22149,1229],{"class":69},[55,22151,66],{"class":65},[55,22153,9299],{"class":318},[55,22155,79],{"class":65},[14,22157,22158],{},[435,22159,281],{},[46,22161,22163],{"className":48,"code":22162,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[('x', 1), ('y', 2)]\n[('x', 1), ('y', 2), ('z', 3)]\n",[18,22164,22165,22195],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,22166,22167,22169,22171,22173,22175,22177,22179,22181,22183,22185,22187,22189,22191,22193],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,22168,21792],{"class":65},[55,22170,1923],{"class":109},[55,22172,2477],{"class":129},[55,22174,1923],{"class":109},[55,22176,163],{"class":65},[55,22178,5782],{"class":75},[55,22180,9270],{"class":65},[55,22182,9273],{"class":65},[55,22184,1923],{"class":109},[55,22186,11788],{"class":129},[55,22188,1923],{"class":109},[55,22190,163],{"class":65},[55,22192,166],{"class":75},[55,22194,9286],{"class":65},[55,22196,22197,22199,22201,22203,22205,22207,22209,22211,22213,22215,22217,22219,22221,22223,22225,22227,22229,22231,22233,22235,22237],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,22198,21792],{"class":65},[55,22200,1923],{"class":109},[55,22202,2477],{"class":129},[55,22204,1923],{"class":109},[55,22206,163],{"class":65},[55,22208,5782],{"class":75},[55,22210,9270],{"class":65},[55,22212,9273],{"class":65},[55,22214,1923],{"class":109},[55,22216,11788],{"class":129},[55,22218,1923],{"class":109},[55,22220,163],{"class":65},[55,22222,166],{"class":75},[55,22224,9270],{"class":65},[55,22226,9273],{"class":65},[55,22228,1923],{"class":109},[55,22230,22129],{"class":129},[55,22232,1923],{"class":109},[55,22234,163],{"class":65},[55,22236,171],{"class":75},[55,22238,9286],{"class":65},[14,22240,22241,22242,22244],{},"This happens because ",[18,22243,9299],{}," is a view of the dictionary data, not a separate copied list.",[41,22246,22248,22249],{"id":22247},"looping-with-items","Looping with ",[18,22250,17127],{},[14,22252,22253,22254,790],{},"This is the most common way beginners use ",[18,22255,17127],{},[46,22257,22259],{"className":48,"code":22258,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key, value in student.items():\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[18,22260,22261,22314,22318,22338],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,22262,22263,22265,22267,22269,22271,22273,22275,22277,22279,22281,22283,22285,22287,22289,22291,22293,22295,22298,22300,22302,22304,22306,22308,22310,22312],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,22264,12908],{"class":902},[55,22266,906],{"class":703},[55,22268,10529],{"class":65},[55,22270,126],{"class":109},[55,22272,785],{"class":129},[55,22274,126],{"class":109},[55,22276,790],{"class":65},[55,22278,793],{"class":109},[55,22280,1049],{"class":129},[55,22282,126],{"class":109},[55,22284,163],{"class":65},[55,22286,793],{"class":109},[55,22288,19942],{"class":129},[55,22290,126],{"class":109},[55,22292,790],{"class":65},[55,22294,793],{"class":109},[55,22296,22297],{"class":129},"A",[55,22299,126],{"class":109},[55,22301,163],{"class":65},[55,22303,793],{"class":109},[55,22305,9336],{"class":129},[55,22307,126],{"class":109},[55,22309,790],{"class":65},[55,22311,13904],{"class":75},[55,22313,9346],{"class":65},[55,22315,22316],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,22317,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,22319,22320,22322,22324,22326,22328,22330,22332,22334,22336],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,22321,6236],{"class":1193},[55,22323,21631],{"class":902},[55,22325,163],{"class":65},[55,22327,21636],{"class":902},[55,22329,4168],{"class":1193},[55,22331,12951],{"class":902},[55,22333,29],{"class":65},[55,22335,937],{"class":318},[55,22337,21647],{"class":65},[55,22339,22340,22342,22344,22347,22349,22351,22353,22356,22359,22361,22363,22365,22367],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,22341,1204],{"class":61},[55,22343,66],{"class":65},[55,22345,22346],{"class":1914},"f",[55,22348,126],{"class":129},[55,22350,9315],{"class":75},[55,22352,14888],{"class":318},[55,22354,22355],{"class":75},"}",[55,22357,22358],{"class":129},": ",[55,22360,9315],{"class":75},[55,22362,319],{"class":318},[55,22364,22355],{"class":75},[55,22366,126],{"class":129},[55,22368,322],{"class":65},[14,22370,22371],{},[435,22372,281],{},[46,22374,22376],{"className":48,"code":22375,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name: Mia\ngrade: A\nage: 14\n",[18,22377,22378,22387,22396],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,22379,22380,22382,22384],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,22381,785],{"class":902},[55,22383,790],{"class":65},[55,22385,22386],{"class":902}," Mia\n",[55,22388,22389,22391,22393],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,22390,19942],{"class":902},[55,22392,790],{"class":65},[55,22394,22395],{"class":902}," A\n",[55,22397,22398,22400,22402],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,22399,9336],{"class":902},[55,22401,790],{"class":65},[55,22403,22404],{"class":75}," 14\n",[14,22406,22407],{},"This pattern is clearer than looping through keys and then looking up each value:",[46,22409,22411],{"className":48,"code":22410,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key in student:\n    print(f\"{key}: {student[key]}\")\n",[18,22412,22413,22465,22469,22481],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,22414,22415,22417,22419,22421,22423,22425,22427,22429,22431,22433,22435,22437,22439,22441,22443,22445,22447,22449,22451,22453,22455,22457,22459,22461,22463],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,22416,12908],{"class":902},[55,22418,906],{"class":703},[55,22420,10529],{"class":65},[55,22422,126],{"class":109},[55,22424,785],{"class":129},[55,22426,126],{"class":109},[55,22428,790],{"class":65},[55,22430,793],{"class":109},[55,22432,1049],{"class":129},[55,22434,126],{"class":109},[55,22436,163],{"class":65},[55,22438,793],{"class":109},[55,22440,19942],{"class":129},[55,22442,126],{"class":109},[55,22444,790],{"class":65},[55,22446,793],{"class":109},[55,22448,22297],{"class":129},[55,22450,126],{"class":109},[55,22452,163],{"class":65},[55,22454,793],{"class":109},[55,22456,9336],{"class":129},[55,22458,126],{"class":109},[55,22460,790],{"class":65},[55,22462,13904],{"class":75},[55,22464,9346],{"class":65},[55,22466,22467],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,22468,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,22470,22471,22473,22475,22477,22479],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,22472,6236],{"class":1193},[55,22474,18259],{"class":902},[55,22476,4168],{"class":1193},[55,22478,12951],{"class":902},[55,22480,1199],{"class":65},[55,22482,22483,22485,22487,22489,22491,22493,22495,22497,22499,22501,22503,22505,22507,22509,22511,22513],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,22484,1204],{"class":61},[55,22486,66],{"class":65},[55,22488,22346],{"class":1914},[55,22490,126],{"class":129},[55,22492,9315],{"class":75},[55,22494,14888],{"class":318},[55,22496,22355],{"class":75},[55,22498,22358],{"class":129},[55,22500,9315],{"class":75},[55,22502,13672],{"class":318},[55,22504,4186],{"class":65},[55,22506,14888],{"class":318},[55,22508,13319],{"class":65},[55,22510,22355],{"class":75},[55,22512,126],{"class":129},[55,22514,322],{"class":65},[14,22516,6785,22517,22520],{},[18,22518,22519],{},"for key, value in student.items()"," is often easier to read when you need both parts.",[14,22522,22523,22524,29],{},"For a full guide, see ",[294,22525,22527],{"href":22526},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python","how to loop through a dictionary in Python",[41,22529,22531],{"id":22530},"converting-the-result","Converting the result",[14,22533,22534],{},"If you want to see all pairs clearly, you can convert the result to a list:",[46,22536,22538],{"className":48,"code":22537,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = {\"apple\": \"red\", \"banana\": \"yellow\", \"grape\": \"purple\"}\n\npairs_list = list(colors.items())\n\nprint(pairs_list)\n",[18,22539,22540,22599,22603,22623,22627],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,22541,22542,22544,22546,22548,22550,22552,22554,22556,22558,22560,22562,22564,22566,22568,22570,22572,22574,22577,22579,22581,22583,22586,22588,22590,22592,22595,22597],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,22543,13121],{"class":902},[55,22545,906],{"class":703},[55,22547,10529],{"class":65},[55,22549,126],{"class":109},[55,22551,4364],{"class":129},[55,22553,126],{"class":109},[55,22555,790],{"class":65},[55,22557,793],{"class":109},[55,22559,13138],{"class":129},[55,22561,126],{"class":109},[55,22563,163],{"class":65},[55,22565,793],{"class":109},[55,22567,4373],{"class":129},[55,22569,126],{"class":109},[55,22571,790],{"class":65},[55,22573,793],{"class":109},[55,22575,22576],{"class":129},"yellow",[55,22578,126],{"class":109},[55,22580,163],{"class":65},[55,22582,793],{"class":109},[55,22584,22585],{"class":129},"grape",[55,22587,126],{"class":109},[55,22589,790],{"class":65},[55,22591,793],{"class":109},[55,22593,22594],{"class":129},"purple",[55,22596,126],{"class":109},[55,22598,9346],{"class":65},[55,22600,22601],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,22602,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,22604,22605,22608,22610,22613,22615,22617,22619,22621],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,22606,22607],{"class":902},"pairs_list ",[55,22609,906],{"class":703},[55,22611,22612],{"class":69}," list",[55,22614,66],{"class":65},[55,22616,17552],{"class":318},[55,22618,29],{"class":65},[55,22620,937],{"class":318},[55,22622,278],{"class":65},[55,22624,22625],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,22626,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,22628,22629,22631,22633,22636],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,22630,62],{"class":61},[55,22632,66],{"class":65},[55,22634,22635],{"class":318},"pairs_list",[55,22637,322],{"class":65},[14,22639,22640],{},[435,22641,281],{},[46,22643,22645],{"className":48,"code":22644,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[('apple', 'red'), ('banana', 'yellow'), ('grape', 'purple')]\n",[18,22646,22647],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,22648,22649,22651,22653,22655,22657,22659,22661,22663,22665,22667,22669,22671,22673,22675,22677,22679,22681,22683,22685,22687,22689,22691,22693,22695,22697,22699,22701],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,22650,21792],{"class":65},[55,22652,1923],{"class":109},[55,22654,4364],{"class":129},[55,22656,1923],{"class":109},[55,22658,163],{"class":65},[55,22660,1918],{"class":109},[55,22662,13138],{"class":129},[55,22664,1923],{"class":109},[55,22666,9270],{"class":65},[55,22668,9273],{"class":65},[55,22670,1923],{"class":109},[55,22672,4373],{"class":129},[55,22674,1923],{"class":109},[55,22676,163],{"class":65},[55,22678,1918],{"class":109},[55,22680,22576],{"class":129},[55,22682,1923],{"class":109},[55,22684,9270],{"class":65},[55,22686,9273],{"class":65},[55,22688,1923],{"class":109},[55,22690,22585],{"class":129},[55,22692,1923],{"class":109},[55,22694,163],{"class":65},[55,22696,1918],{"class":109},[55,22698,22594],{"class":129},[55,22700,1923],{"class":109},[55,22702,9286],{"class":65},[14,22704,22705],{},"This creates a list of tuples.",[14,22707,22708],{},"Use this when:",[240,22710,22711,22714,22717],{},[243,22712,22713],{},"You want clearer printed output",[243,22715,22716],{},"You need list behavior",[243,22718,22719],{},"You want to inspect all pairs at once",[41,22721,22723,10624,22725,10624,22727],{"id":22722},"items-vs-keys-vs-values",[18,22724,17127],{},[18,22726,17114],{},[18,22728,17120],{},[14,22730,22731],{},"Dictionary methods give different parts of the dictionary:",[240,22733,22734,22739,22744],{},[243,22735,22736,22738],{},[18,22737,17127],{}," gives both key and value",[243,22740,22741,22743],{},[18,22742,17114],{}," gives only keys",[243,22745,22746,22748],{},[18,22747,17120],{}," gives only values",[14,22750,358],{},[46,22752,22754],{"className":48,"code":22753,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.keys()))\nprint(list(person.values()))\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[18,22755,22756,22792,22796,22814,22832],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,22757,22758,22760,22762,22764,22766,22768,22770,22772,22774,22776,22778,22780,22782,22784,22786,22788,22790],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,22759,13250],{"class":902},[55,22761,906],{"class":703},[55,22763,10529],{"class":65},[55,22765,126],{"class":109},[55,22767,785],{"class":129},[55,22769,126],{"class":109},[55,22771,790],{"class":65},[55,22773,793],{"class":109},[55,22775,12925],{"class":129},[55,22777,126],{"class":109},[55,22779,163],{"class":65},[55,22781,793],{"class":109},[55,22783,9336],{"class":129},[55,22785,126],{"class":109},[55,22787,790],{"class":65},[55,22789,9343],{"class":75},[55,22791,9346],{"class":65},[55,22793,22794],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,22795,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,22797,22798,22800,22802,22804,22806,22808,22810,22812],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,22799,62],{"class":61},[55,22801,66],{"class":65},[55,22803,1229],{"class":69},[55,22805,66],{"class":65},[55,22807,17356],{"class":318},[55,22809,29],{"class":65},[55,22811,16972],{"class":318},[55,22813,579],{"class":65},[55,22815,22816,22818,22820,22822,22824,22826,22828,22830],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,22817,62],{"class":61},[55,22819,66],{"class":65},[55,22821,1229],{"class":69},[55,22823,66],{"class":65},[55,22825,17356],{"class":318},[55,22827,29],{"class":65},[55,22829,5642],{"class":318},[55,22831,579],{"class":65},[55,22833,22834,22836,22838,22840,22842,22844,22846,22848],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,22835,62],{"class":61},[55,22837,66],{"class":65},[55,22839,1229],{"class":69},[55,22841,66],{"class":65},[55,22843,17356],{"class":318},[55,22845,29],{"class":65},[55,22847,937],{"class":318},[55,22849,579],{"class":65},[14,22851,22852],{},[435,22853,281],{},[46,22855,22857],{"className":48,"code":22856,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['name', 'age']\n['Ana', 25]\n[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[18,22858,22859,22879,22895],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,22860,22861,22863,22865,22867,22869,22871,22873,22875,22877],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,22862,4186],{"class":65},[55,22864,1923],{"class":109},[55,22866,785],{"class":129},[55,22868,1923],{"class":109},[55,22870,163],{"class":65},[55,22872,1918],{"class":109},[55,22874,9336],{"class":129},[55,22876,1923],{"class":109},[55,22878,924],{"class":65},[55,22880,22881,22883,22885,22887,22889,22891,22893],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,22882,4186],{"class":65},[55,22884,1923],{"class":109},[55,22886,12925],{"class":129},[55,22888,1923],{"class":109},[55,22890,163],{"class":65},[55,22892,9343],{"class":75},[55,22894,924],{"class":65},[55,22896,22897,22899,22901,22903,22905,22907,22909,22911,22913,22915,22917,22919,22921,22923,22925,22927],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,22898,21792],{"class":65},[55,22900,1923],{"class":109},[55,22902,785],{"class":129},[55,22904,1923],{"class":109},[55,22906,163],{"class":65},[55,22908,1918],{"class":109},[55,22910,12925],{"class":129},[55,22912,1923],{"class":109},[55,22914,9270],{"class":65},[55,22916,9273],{"class":65},[55,22918,1923],{"class":109},[55,22920,9336],{"class":129},[55,22922,1923],{"class":109},[55,22924,163],{"class":65},[55,22926,9343],{"class":75},[55,22928,9286],{"class":65},[14,22930,22931],{},"Use the method that matches your task:",[240,22933,22934,22942,22950],{},[243,22935,22936,22937],{},"Need just keys? Use ",[294,22938,22940],{"href":22939},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method",[18,22941,17114],{},[243,22943,22944,22945],{},"Need just values? Use ",[294,22946,22948],{"href":22947},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method",[18,22949,17120],{},[243,22951,22952,22953],{},"Need both together? Use ",[18,22954,17127],{},[41,22956,5247,22958],{"id":22957},"when-to-use-items",[18,22959,17127],{},[14,22961,22962,22964],{},[18,22963,17127],{}," is useful for tasks like:",[240,22966,22967,22970,22973,22976,22979],{},[243,22968,22969],{},"Printing dictionary contents",[243,22971,22972],{},"Building formatted output",[243,22974,22975],{},"Looping through settings and values",[243,22977,22978],{},"Showing names with scores",[243,22980,22981],{},"Working with labels and their data",[14,22983,358],{},[46,22985,22987],{"className":48,"code":22986,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"settings = {\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"language\": \"English\",\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\n\nfor setting, value in settings.items():\n    print(f\"{setting} = {value}\")\n",[18,22988,22989,22997,23015,23034,23046,23050,23054,23075],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,22990,22991,22993,22995],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,22992,13872],{"class":902},[55,22994,906],{"class":703},[55,22996,11535],{"class":65},[55,22998,22999,23001,23003,23005,23007,23009,23011,23013],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,23000,11540],{"class":109},[55,23002,12538],{"class":129},[55,23004,126],{"class":109},[55,23006,790],{"class":65},[55,23008,793],{"class":109},[55,23010,12547],{"class":129},[55,23012,126],{"class":109},[55,23014,11556],{"class":65},[55,23016,23017,23019,23021,23023,23025,23027,23030,23032],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,23018,11540],{"class":109},[55,23020,20174],{"class":129},[55,23022,126],{"class":109},[55,23024,790],{"class":65},[55,23026,793],{"class":109},[55,23028,23029],{"class":129},"English",[55,23031,126],{"class":109},[55,23033,11556],{"class":65},[55,23035,23036,23038,23040,23042,23044],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,23037,11540],{"class":109},[55,23039,18575],{"class":129},[55,23041,126],{"class":109},[55,23043,790],{"class":65},[55,23045,6698],{"class":187},[55,23047,23048],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,23049,9346],{"class":65},[55,23051,23052],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,23053,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,23055,23056,23058,23061,23063,23065,23067,23069,23071,23073],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,23057,6236],{"class":1193},[55,23059,23060],{"class":902}," setting",[55,23062,163],{"class":65},[55,23064,21636],{"class":902},[55,23066,4168],{"class":1193},[55,23068,13916],{"class":902},[55,23070,29],{"class":65},[55,23072,937],{"class":318},[55,23074,21647],{"class":65},[55,23076,23077,23079,23081,23083,23085,23087,23090,23092,23095,23097,23099,23101,23103],{"class":57,"line":582},[55,23078,1204],{"class":61},[55,23080,66],{"class":65},[55,23082,22346],{"class":1914},[55,23084,126],{"class":129},[55,23086,9315],{"class":75},[55,23088,23089],{"class":318},"setting",[55,23091,22355],{"class":75},[55,23093,23094],{"class":129}," = ",[55,23096,9315],{"class":75},[55,23098,319],{"class":318},[55,23100,22355],{"class":75},[55,23102,126],{"class":129},[55,23104,322],{"class":65},[14,23106,23107],{},[435,23108,281],{},[46,23110,23112],{"className":48,"code":23111,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"theme = dark\nlanguage = English\nnotifications = True\n",[18,23113,23114,23124,23134],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,23115,23116,23119,23121],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,23117,23118],{"class":902},"theme ",[55,23120,906],{"class":703},[55,23122,23123],{"class":902}," dark\n",[55,23125,23126,23129,23131],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,23127,23128],{"class":902},"language ",[55,23130,906],{"class":703},[55,23132,23133],{"class":902}," English\n",[55,23135,23136,23139,23141],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,23137,23138],{"class":902},"notifications ",[55,23140,906],{"class":703},[55,23142,6698],{"class":187},[41,23144,1586],{"id":1585},[14,23146,23147,23148,29],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[18,23149,17127],{},[889,23151,23153,23154,23156],{"id":23152},"trying-to-unpack-items-incorrectly","Trying to unpack ",[18,23155,17127],{}," incorrectly",[14,23158,23159,23160,23162,23163,23166],{},"Each result from ",[18,23161,17127],{}," has ",[435,23164,23165],{},"two parts",": a key and a value.",[14,23168,6961],{},[46,23170,23171],{"className":48,"code":21582,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,23172,23173,23209,23213,23233],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,23174,23175,23177,23179,23181,23183,23185,23187,23189,23191,23193,23195,23197,23199,23201,23203,23205,23207],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,23176,13250],{"class":902},[55,23178,906],{"class":703},[55,23180,10529],{"class":65},[55,23182,126],{"class":109},[55,23184,785],{"class":129},[55,23186,126],{"class":109},[55,23188,790],{"class":65},[55,23190,793],{"class":109},[55,23192,12925],{"class":129},[55,23194,126],{"class":109},[55,23196,163],{"class":65},[55,23198,793],{"class":109},[55,23200,9336],{"class":129},[55,23202,126],{"class":109},[55,23204,790],{"class":65},[55,23206,9343],{"class":75},[55,23208,9346],{"class":65},[55,23210,23211],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,23212,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,23214,23215,23217,23219,23221,23223,23225,23227,23229,23231],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,23216,6236],{"class":1193},[55,23218,21631],{"class":902},[55,23220,163],{"class":65},[55,23222,21636],{"class":902},[55,23224,4168],{"class":1193},[55,23226,13293],{"class":902},[55,23228,29],{"class":65},[55,23230,937],{"class":318},[55,23232,21647],{"class":65},[55,23234,23235,23237,23239,23241,23243,23245],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,23236,1204],{"class":61},[55,23238,66],{"class":65},[55,23240,14888],{"class":318},[55,23242,163],{"class":65},[55,23244,1572],{"class":318},[55,23246,322],{"class":65},[14,23248,23249],{},"This is wrong because it tries to unpack into only one variable pattern:",[46,23251,23253],{"className":48,"code":23252,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key in person.items():\n    print(key)\n",[18,23254,23255,23291,23295,23311],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,23256,23257,23259,23261,23263,23265,23267,23269,23271,23273,23275,23277,23279,23281,23283,23285,23287,23289],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,23258,13250],{"class":902},[55,23260,906],{"class":703},[55,23262,10529],{"class":65},[55,23264,126],{"class":109},[55,23266,785],{"class":129},[55,23268,126],{"class":109},[55,23270,790],{"class":65},[55,23272,793],{"class":109},[55,23274,12925],{"class":129},[55,23276,126],{"class":109},[55,23278,163],{"class":65},[55,23280,793],{"class":109},[55,23282,9336],{"class":129},[55,23284,126],{"class":109},[55,23286,790],{"class":65},[55,23288,9343],{"class":75},[55,23290,9346],{"class":65},[55,23292,23293],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,23294,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,23296,23297,23299,23301,23303,23305,23307,23309],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,23298,6236],{"class":1193},[55,23300,18259],{"class":902},[55,23302,4168],{"class":1193},[55,23304,13293],{"class":902},[55,23306,29],{"class":65},[55,23308,937],{"class":318},[55,23310,21647],{"class":65},[55,23312,23313,23315,23317,23319],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,23314,1204],{"class":61},[55,23316,66],{"class":65},[55,23318,14888],{"class":318},[55,23320,322],{"class":65},[14,23322,23323,23324,23326,23327,23330],{},"This code is not an error, but ",[18,23325,14888],{}," is actually the full tuple, such as ",[18,23328,23329],{},"('name', 'Ana')",", not just the key.",[14,23332,23333],{},"If you want the full pair, use one variable:",[46,23335,23337],{"className":48,"code":23336,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"for item in person.items():\n    print(item)\n",[18,23338,23339,23355],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,23340,23341,23343,23345,23347,23349,23351,23353],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,23342,6236],{"class":1193},[55,23344,6239],{"class":902},[55,23346,4168],{"class":1193},[55,23348,13293],{"class":902},[55,23350,29],{"class":65},[55,23352,937],{"class":318},[55,23354,21647],{"class":65},[55,23356,23357,23359,23361,23364],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,23358,1204],{"class":61},[55,23360,66],{"class":65},[55,23362,23363],{"class":318},"item",[55,23365,322],{"class":65},[14,23367,23368],{},"If you want separate key and value, use two variables:",[46,23370,23372],{"className":48,"code":23371,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"for key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[18,23373,23374,23394],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,23375,23376,23378,23380,23382,23384,23386,23388,23390,23392],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,23377,6236],{"class":1193},[55,23379,21631],{"class":902},[55,23381,163],{"class":65},[55,23383,21636],{"class":902},[55,23385,4168],{"class":1193},[55,23387,13293],{"class":902},[55,23389,29],{"class":65},[55,23391,937],{"class":318},[55,23393,21647],{"class":65},[55,23395,23396,23398,23400,23402,23404,23406],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,23397,1204],{"class":61},[55,23399,66],{"class":65},[55,23401,14888],{"class":318},[55,23403,163],{"class":65},[55,23405,1572],{"class":318},[55,23407,322],{"class":65},[889,23409,1595,23411,23413],{"id":23410},"expecting-items-to-return-a-regular-list",[18,23412,17127],{}," to return a regular list",[14,23415,23416,22027,23418,23420],{},[18,23417,17127],{},[18,23419,21960],{}," object, not a list.",[14,23422,23423],{},"Check it:",[46,23425,23427],{"className":48,"code":23426,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(my_dict.items())\nprint(type(my_dict.items()))\nprint(list(my_dict.items()))\n",[18,23428,23429,23461,23465,23479,23497],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,23430,23431,23433,23435,23437,23439,23441,23443,23445,23447,23449,23451,23453,23455,23457,23459],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,23432,11767],{"class":902},[55,23434,906],{"class":703},[55,23436,10529],{"class":65},[55,23438,126],{"class":109},[55,23440,294],{"class":129},[55,23442,126],{"class":109},[55,23444,790],{"class":65},[55,23446,5782],{"class":75},[55,23448,163],{"class":65},[55,23450,793],{"class":109},[55,23452,5046],{"class":129},[55,23454,126],{"class":109},[55,23456,790],{"class":65},[55,23458,166],{"class":75},[55,23460,9346],{"class":65},[55,23462,23463],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,23464,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,23466,23467,23469,23471,23473,23475,23477],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,23468,62],{"class":61},[55,23470,66],{"class":65},[55,23472,11491],{"class":318},[55,23474,29],{"class":65},[55,23476,937],{"class":318},[55,23478,278],{"class":65},[55,23480,23481,23483,23485,23487,23489,23491,23493,23495],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,23482,62],{"class":61},[55,23484,66],{"class":65},[55,23486,1879],{"class":69},[55,23488,66],{"class":65},[55,23490,11491],{"class":318},[55,23492,29],{"class":65},[55,23494,937],{"class":318},[55,23496,579],{"class":65},[55,23498,23499,23501,23503,23505,23507,23509,23511,23513],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,23500,62],{"class":61},[55,23502,66],{"class":65},[55,23504,1229],{"class":69},[55,23506,66],{"class":65},[55,23508,11491],{"class":318},[55,23510,29],{"class":65},[55,23512,937],{"class":318},[55,23514,579],{"class":65},[14,23516,23517],{},[435,23518,281],{},[46,23520,23522],{"className":48,"code":23521,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"dict_items([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_items'>\n[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\n",[18,23523,23524,23556,23570],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,23525,23526,23528,23530,23532,23534,23536,23538,23540,23542,23544,23546,23548,23550,23552,23554],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,23527,21960],{"class":318},[55,23529,9695],{"class":65},[55,23531,1923],{"class":109},[55,23533,294],{"class":129},[55,23535,1923],{"class":109},[55,23537,163],{"class":65},[55,23539,5782],{"class":75},[55,23541,9270],{"class":65},[55,23543,9273],{"class":65},[55,23545,1923],{"class":109},[55,23547,5046],{"class":129},[55,23549,1923],{"class":109},[55,23551,163],{"class":65},[55,23553,166],{"class":75},[55,23555,10718],{"class":65},[55,23557,23558,23560,23562,23564,23566,23568],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,23559,1911],{"class":703},[55,23561,1915],{"class":1914},[55,23563,1918],{"class":109},[55,23565,21960],{"class":129},[55,23567,1923],{"class":109},[55,23569,1926],{"class":703},[55,23571,23572,23574,23576,23578,23580,23582,23584,23586,23588,23590,23592,23594,23596,23598],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,23573,21792],{"class":65},[55,23575,1923],{"class":109},[55,23577,294],{"class":129},[55,23579,1923],{"class":109},[55,23581,163],{"class":65},[55,23583,5782],{"class":75},[55,23585,9270],{"class":65},[55,23587,9273],{"class":65},[55,23589,1923],{"class":109},[55,23591,5046],{"class":129},[55,23593,1923],{"class":109},[55,23595,163],{"class":65},[55,23597,166],{"class":75},[55,23599,9286],{"class":65},[889,23601,23603,23604],{"id":23602},"changing-the-dictionary-while-looping-over-items","Changing the dictionary while looping over ",[18,23605,17127],{},[14,23607,23608],{},"Be careful when changing a dictionary during iteration.",[14,23610,23611],{},"Problem example:",[46,23613,23615],{"className":48,"code":23614,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in numbers.items():\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n",[18,23616,23617,23661,23665,23685,23697],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,23618,23619,23621,23623,23625,23627,23629,23631,23633,23635,23637,23639,23641,23643,23645,23647,23649,23651,23653,23655,23657,23659],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,23620,1168],{"class":902},[55,23622,906],{"class":703},[55,23624,10529],{"class":65},[55,23626,126],{"class":109},[55,23628,294],{"class":129},[55,23630,126],{"class":109},[55,23632,790],{"class":65},[55,23634,5782],{"class":75},[55,23636,163],{"class":65},[55,23638,793],{"class":109},[55,23640,5046],{"class":129},[55,23642,126],{"class":109},[55,23644,790],{"class":65},[55,23646,166],{"class":75},[55,23648,163],{"class":65},[55,23650,793],{"class":109},[55,23652,9777],{"class":129},[55,23654,126],{"class":109},[55,23656,790],{"class":65},[55,23658,171],{"class":75},[55,23660,9346],{"class":65},[55,23662,23663],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,23664,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,23666,23667,23669,23671,23673,23675,23677,23679,23681,23683],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,23668,6236],{"class":1193},[55,23670,21631],{"class":902},[55,23672,163],{"class":65},[55,23674,21636],{"class":902},[55,23676,4168],{"class":1193},[55,23678,1196],{"class":902},[55,23680,29],{"class":65},[55,23682,937],{"class":318},[55,23684,21647],{"class":65},[55,23686,23687,23689,23691,23693,23695],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,23688,6674],{"class":1193},[55,23690,21636],{"class":902},[55,23692,1673],{"class":703},[55,23694,166],{"class":75},[55,23696,1199],{"class":65},[55,23698,23699,23702,23704,23706,23708,23710,23712,23714],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,23700,23701],{"class":902},"        numbers",[55,23703,4186],{"class":65},[55,23705,126],{"class":109},[55,23707,18818],{"class":129},[55,23709,126],{"class":109},[55,23711,13319],{"class":65},[55,23713,13322],{"class":703},[55,23715,23716],{"class":75}," 4\n",[14,23718,23719],{},"Changing the dictionary size while looping can cause errors.",[14,23721,23722],{},"A safer approach is to loop over a copied list of items:",[46,23724,23726],{"className":48,"code":23725,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in list(numbers.items()):\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,23727,23728,23772,23776,23801,23813,23831,23835],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,23729,23730,23732,23734,23736,23738,23740,23742,23744,23746,23748,23750,23752,23754,23756,23758,23760,23762,23764,23766,23768,23770],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,23731,1168],{"class":902},[55,23733,906],{"class":703},[55,23735,10529],{"class":65},[55,23737,126],{"class":109},[55,23739,294],{"class":129},[55,23741,126],{"class":109},[55,23743,790],{"class":65},[55,23745,5782],{"class":75},[55,23747,163],{"class":65},[55,23749,793],{"class":109},[55,23751,5046],{"class":129},[55,23753,126],{"class":109},[55,23755,790],{"class":65},[55,23757,166],{"class":75},[55,23759,163],{"class":65},[55,23761,793],{"class":109},[55,23763,9777],{"class":129},[55,23765,126],{"class":109},[55,23767,790],{"class":65},[55,23769,171],{"class":75},[55,23771,9346],{"class":65},[55,23773,23774],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,23775,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,23777,23778,23780,23782,23784,23786,23788,23790,23792,23794,23796,23798],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,23779,6236],{"class":1193},[55,23781,21631],{"class":902},[55,23783,163],{"class":65},[55,23785,21636],{"class":902},[55,23787,4168],{"class":1193},[55,23789,22612],{"class":69},[55,23791,66],{"class":65},[55,23793,332],{"class":318},[55,23795,29],{"class":65},[55,23797,937],{"class":318},[55,23799,23800],{"class":65},"()):\n",[55,23802,23803,23805,23807,23809,23811],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,23804,6674],{"class":1193},[55,23806,21636],{"class":902},[55,23808,1673],{"class":703},[55,23810,166],{"class":75},[55,23812,1199],{"class":65},[55,23814,23815,23817,23819,23821,23823,23825,23827,23829],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,23816,23701],{"class":902},[55,23818,4186],{"class":65},[55,23820,126],{"class":109},[55,23822,18818],{"class":129},[55,23824,126],{"class":109},[55,23826,13319],{"class":65},[55,23828,13322],{"class":703},[55,23830,23716],{"class":75},[55,23832,23833],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,23834,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,23836,23837,23839,23841,23843],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,23838,62],{"class":61},[55,23840,66],{"class":65},[55,23842,332],{"class":318},[55,23844,322],{"class":65},[889,23846,23848],{"id":23847},"forgetting-that-each-result-is-a-key-value-pair","Forgetting that each result is a key-value pair",[14,23850,23851],{},"If you print each item directly, you will see tuples:",[46,23853,23855],{"className":48,"code":23854,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {\"x\": 10, \"y\": 20}\n\nfor item in data.items():\n    print(item)\n",[18,23856,23857,23889,23893,23909],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,23858,23859,23861,23863,23865,23867,23869,23871,23873,23875,23877,23879,23881,23883,23885,23887],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,23860,9202],{"class":902},[55,23862,906],{"class":703},[55,23864,10529],{"class":65},[55,23866,126],{"class":109},[55,23868,2477],{"class":129},[55,23870,126],{"class":109},[55,23872,790],{"class":65},[55,23874,6283],{"class":75},[55,23876,163],{"class":65},[55,23878,793],{"class":109},[55,23880,11788],{"class":129},[55,23882,126],{"class":109},[55,23884,790],{"class":65},[55,23886,916],{"class":75},[55,23888,9346],{"class":65},[55,23890,23891],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,23892,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,23894,23895,23897,23899,23901,23903,23905,23907],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,23896,6236],{"class":1193},[55,23898,6239],{"class":902},[55,23900,4168],{"class":1193},[55,23902,14613],{"class":902},[55,23904,29],{"class":65},[55,23906,937],{"class":318},[55,23908,21647],{"class":65},[55,23910,23911,23913,23915,23917],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,23912,1204],{"class":61},[55,23914,66],{"class":65},[55,23916,23363],{"class":318},[55,23918,322],{"class":65},[14,23920,23921],{},[435,23922,281],{},[46,23924,23926],{"className":48,"code":23925,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"('x', 10)\n('y', 20)\n",[18,23927,23928,23944],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,23929,23930,23932,23934,23936,23938,23940,23942],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,23931,66],{"class":65},[55,23933,1923],{"class":109},[55,23935,2477],{"class":129},[55,23937,1923],{"class":109},[55,23939,163],{"class":65},[55,23941,6283],{"class":75},[55,23943,322],{"class":65},[55,23945,23946,23948,23950,23952,23954,23956,23958],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,23947,66],{"class":65},[55,23949,1923],{"class":109},[55,23951,11788],{"class":129},[55,23953,1923],{"class":109},[55,23955,163],{"class":65},[55,23957,916],{"class":75},[55,23959,322],{"class":65},[14,23961,23962,23963,23965],{},"That is normal. Each item is one ",[18,23964,21707],{}," pair.",[41,23967,2139],{"id":2138},[889,23969,23971,23972,5432],{"id":23970},"what-does-dictionary-items-return-in-python","What does dictionary ",[18,23973,17127],{},[14,23975,17471,23976,23978],{},[18,23977,21960],{}," view containing key-value pairs as tuples.",[889,23980,12748,23982,23984],{"id":23981},"does-items-return-a-list",[18,23983,17127],{}," return a list?",[14,23986,23987,23988,23991],{},"No. It returns a view object. Use ",[18,23989,23990],{},"list(my_dict.items())"," if you need a list.",[889,23993,23995,23996,2794],{"id":23994},"can-i-loop-through-keys-and-values-with-items","Can I loop through keys and values with ",[18,23997,17127],{},[14,23999,24000],{},"Yes. Use this pattern:",[46,24002,24004],{"className":48,"code":24003,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"for key, value in my_dict.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[18,24005,24006,24026],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,24007,24008,24010,24012,24014,24016,24018,24020,24022,24024],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,24009,6236],{"class":1193},[55,24011,21631],{"class":902},[55,24013,163],{"class":65},[55,24015,21636],{"class":902},[55,24017,4168],{"class":1193},[55,24019,11809],{"class":902},[55,24021,29],{"class":65},[55,24023,937],{"class":318},[55,24025,21647],{"class":65},[55,24027,24028,24030,24032,24034,24036,24038],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,24029,1204],{"class":61},[55,24031,66],{"class":65},[55,24033,14888],{"class":318},[55,24035,163],{"class":65},[55,24037,1572],{"class":318},[55,24039,322],{"class":65},[889,24041,12748,24043,24045],{"id":24042},"does-items-change-the-dictionary",[18,24044,17127],{}," change the dictionary?",[14,24047,24048],{},"No. It only gives you a way to access the pairs.",[41,24050,2193],{"id":2192},[240,24052,24053,24059,24065,24070,24074],{},[243,24054,24055],{},[294,24056,10776,24057,10780],{"href":22939},[18,24058,17114],{},[243,24060,24061],{},[294,24062,10776,24063,10780],{"href":22947},[18,24064,17120],{},[243,24066,24067],{},[294,24068,24069],{"href":22526},"How to loop through a dictionary in Python",[243,24071,24072],{},[294,24073,9192],{"href":13068},[243,24075,24076],{},[294,24077,24078],{"href":21830},"What is a dictionary in Python",[2226,24080,24081],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":24083},[24084,24085,24087,24088,24089,24091,24092,24094,24096,24105,24115],{"id":2307,"depth":82,"text":2308},{"id":21690,"depth":82,"text":24086},"What items() does",{"id":2459,"depth":82,"text":2460},{"id":22021,"depth":82,"text":22022},{"id":22247,"depth":82,"text":24090},"Looping with items()",{"id":22530,"depth":82,"text":22531},{"id":22722,"depth":82,"text":24093},"items() vs keys() vs values()",{"id":22957,"depth":82,"text":24095},"When to use items()",{"id":1585,"depth":82,"text":1586,"children":24097},[24098,24100,24102,24104],{"id":23152,"depth":98,"text":24099},"Trying to unpack items() incorrectly",{"id":23410,"depth":98,"text":24101},"Expecting items() to return a regular list",{"id":23602,"depth":98,"text":24103},"Changing the dictionary while looping over items()",{"id":23847,"depth":98,"text":23848},{"id":2138,"depth":82,"text":2139,"children":24106},[24107,24109,24111,24113],{"id":23970,"depth":98,"text":24108},"What does dictionary items() return in Python?",{"id":23981,"depth":98,"text":24110},"Does items() return a list?",{"id":23994,"depth":98,"text":24112},"Can I loop through keys and values with items()?",{"id":24042,"depth":98,"text":24114},"Does items() change the dictionary?",{"id":2192,"depth":82,"text":2193},"Master python dictionary items method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method",{"title":21558,"description":24116},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method","dz02pJ9l_vREwqXyX6imIcVo-A5kVMhXWIOii6zXDtM",{"id":24123,"title":24124,"body":24125,"description":26216,"extension":2267,"meta":26217,"navigation":1121,"path":22939,"seo":26218,"stem":26219,"__hash__":26220},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method.md","Python Dictionary keys() Method",{"type":7,"value":24126,"toc":26182},[24127,24132,24138,24141,24152,24159,24161,24244,24248,24295,24300,24305,24310,24312,24328,24330,24429,24433,24490,24493,24495,24498,24591,24595,24658,24661,24677,24682,24684,24686,24701,24703,24714,24716,24759,24762,24806,24809,24811,24818,24821,24838,24840,24933,24937,24978,24990,24994,24997,25085,25089,25109,25112,25139,25146,25151,25155,25166,25168,25272,25276,25302,25305,25372,25377,25380,25403,25408,25412,25417,25423,25428,25430,25485,25489,25516,25523,25529,25532,25557,25563,25589,25592,25667,25674,25679,25681,25720,25738,25742,25745,25788,25791,25793,25812,25814,25819,25844,25847,25917,25920,25993,25997,25999,26060,26063,26079,26081,26086,26091,26098,26107,26113,26119,26126,26132,26136,26141,26143,26179],[10,24128,11359,24130,11363],{"id":24129},"python-dictionary-keys-method",[18,24131,17114],{},[14,24133,24134,24135,24137],{},"The Python dictionary ",[18,24136,17114],{}," method returns all keys from a dictionary.",[14,24139,24140],{},"It is useful when you want to:",[240,24142,24143,24146,24149],{},[243,24144,24145],{},"view the available keys",[243,24147,24148],{},"loop through dictionary keys",[243,24150,24151],{},"check what fields exist in a dictionary",[14,24153,24154,24156,24157,29],{},[18,24155,17114],{}," does not return a regular list. It returns a special object called ",[18,24158,17063],{},[41,24160,2308],{"id":2307},[46,24162,24164],{"className":48,"code":24163,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkeys = student.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\nprint(list(keys))\n",[18,24165,24166,24202,24216,24220,24230],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,24167,24168,24170,24172,24174,24176,24178,24180,24182,24184,24186,24188,24190,24192,24194,24196,24198,24200],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,24169,12908],{"class":902},[55,24171,906],{"class":703},[55,24173,10529],{"class":65},[55,24175,126],{"class":109},[55,24177,785],{"class":129},[55,24179,126],{"class":109},[55,24181,790],{"class":65},[55,24183,793],{"class":109},[55,24185,12925],{"class":129},[55,24187,126],{"class":109},[55,24189,163],{"class":65},[55,24191,793],{"class":109},[55,24193,9336],{"class":129},[55,24195,126],{"class":109},[55,24197,790],{"class":65},[55,24199,916],{"class":75},[55,24201,9346],{"class":65},[55,24203,24204,24206,24208,24210,24212,24214],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,24205,17291],{"class":902},[55,24207,906],{"class":703},[55,24209,12951],{"class":902},[55,24211,29],{"class":65},[55,24213,16972],{"class":318},[55,24215,1789],{"class":65},[55,24217,24218],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,24219,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,24221,24222,24224,24226,24228],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,24223,62],{"class":61},[55,24225,66],{"class":65},[55,24227,16972],{"class":318},[55,24229,322],{"class":65},[55,24231,24232,24234,24236,24238,24240,24242],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,24233,62],{"class":61},[55,24235,66],{"class":65},[55,24237,1229],{"class":69},[55,24239,66],{"class":65},[55,24241,16972],{"class":318},[55,24243,79],{"class":65},[14,24245,24246],{},[435,24247,281],{},[46,24249,24251],{"className":48,"code":24250,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n['name', 'age']\n",[18,24252,24253,24275],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,24254,24255,24257,24259,24261,24263,24265,24267,24269,24271,24273],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,24256,17063],{"class":318},[55,24258,158],{"class":65},[55,24260,1923],{"class":109},[55,24262,785],{"class":129},[55,24264,1923],{"class":109},[55,24266,163],{"class":65},[55,24268,1918],{"class":109},[55,24270,9336],{"class":129},[55,24272,1923],{"class":109},[55,24274,4174],{"class":65},[55,24276,24277,24279,24281,24283,24285,24287,24289,24291,24293],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,24278,4186],{"class":65},[55,24280,1923],{"class":109},[55,24282,785],{"class":129},[55,24284,1923],{"class":109},[55,24286,163],{"class":65},[55,24288,1918],{"class":109},[55,24290,9336],{"class":129},[55,24292,1923],{"class":109},[55,24294,924],{"class":65},[14,24296,212,24297,24299],{},[18,24298,17114],{}," to get a view of all dictionary keys. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list output.",[41,24301,3970,24303,3973],{"id":24302},"what-keys-does",[18,24304,17114],{},[14,24306,24307,24309],{},[18,24308,17114],{}," is a dictionary method that returns all keys from a dictionary.",[14,24311,11500],{},[240,24313,24314,24317,24320,24325],{},[243,24315,24316],{},"It returns all keys from a dictionary",[243,24318,24319],{},"It does not need any arguments",[243,24321,17471,24322,24324],{},[18,24323,17063],{}," view object, not a list",[243,24326,24327],{},"The view updates if the dictionary changes",[14,24329,358],{},[46,24331,24333],{"className":48,"code":24332,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.keys())\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Paris\"\nprint(person.keys())\n",[18,24334,24335,24371,24375,24389,24393,24415],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,24336,24337,24339,24341,24343,24345,24347,24349,24351,24353,24355,24357,24359,24361,24363,24365,24367,24369],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,24338,13250],{"class":902},[55,24340,906],{"class":703},[55,24342,10529],{"class":65},[55,24344,126],{"class":109},[55,24346,785],{"class":129},[55,24348,126],{"class":109},[55,24350,790],{"class":65},[55,24352,793],{"class":109},[55,24354,13267],{"class":129},[55,24356,126],{"class":109},[55,24358,163],{"class":65},[55,24360,793],{"class":109},[55,24362,9336],{"class":129},[55,24364,126],{"class":109},[55,24366,790],{"class":65},[55,24368,9343],{"class":75},[55,24370,9346],{"class":65},[55,24372,24373],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,24374,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,24376,24377,24379,24381,24383,24385,24387],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,24378,62],{"class":61},[55,24380,66],{"class":65},[55,24382,17356],{"class":318},[55,24384,29],{"class":65},[55,24386,16972],{"class":318},[55,24388,278],{"class":65},[55,24390,24391],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,24392,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,24394,24395,24397,24399,24401,24403,24405,24407,24409,24411,24413],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,24396,17356],{"class":902},[55,24398,4186],{"class":65},[55,24400,126],{"class":109},[55,24402,10447],{"class":129},[55,24404,126],{"class":109},[55,24406,13319],{"class":65},[55,24408,13322],{"class":703},[55,24410,793],{"class":109},[55,24412,10454],{"class":129},[55,24414,1052],{"class":109},[55,24416,24417,24419,24421,24423,24425,24427],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,24418,62],{"class":61},[55,24420,66],{"class":65},[55,24422,17356],{"class":318},[55,24424,29],{"class":65},[55,24426,16972],{"class":318},[55,24428,278],{"class":65},[14,24430,24431],{},[435,24432,281],{},[46,24434,24436],{"className":48,"code":24435,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_keys(['name', 'age', 'city'])\n",[18,24437,24438,24460],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,24439,24440,24442,24444,24446,24448,24450,24452,24454,24456,24458],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,24441,17063],{"class":318},[55,24443,158],{"class":65},[55,24445,1923],{"class":109},[55,24447,785],{"class":129},[55,24449,1923],{"class":109},[55,24451,163],{"class":65},[55,24453,1918],{"class":109},[55,24455,9336],{"class":129},[55,24457,1923],{"class":109},[55,24459,4174],{"class":65},[55,24461,24462,24464,24466,24468,24470,24472,24474,24476,24478,24480,24482,24484,24486,24488],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,24463,17063],{"class":318},[55,24465,158],{"class":65},[55,24467,1923],{"class":109},[55,24469,785],{"class":129},[55,24471,1923],{"class":109},[55,24473,163],{"class":65},[55,24475,1918],{"class":109},[55,24477,9336],{"class":129},[55,24479,1923],{"class":109},[55,24481,163],{"class":65},[55,24483,1918],{"class":109},[55,24485,10447],{"class":129},[55,24487,1923],{"class":109},[55,24489,4174],{"class":65},[14,24491,24492],{},"Notice that the result updates after the dictionary changes.",[41,24494,6065],{"id":6064},[14,24496,24497],{},"Here is a simple example with a small dictionary:",[46,24499,24501],{"className":48,"code":24500,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"grade\": \"A\"}\n\nprint(data.keys())\nprint(list(data.keys()))\n",[18,24502,24503,24555,24559,24573],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,24504,24505,24507,24509,24511,24513,24515,24517,24519,24521,24523,24525,24527,24529,24531,24533,24535,24537,24539,24541,24543,24545,24547,24549,24551,24553],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,24506,9202],{"class":902},[55,24508,906],{"class":703},[55,24510,10529],{"class":65},[55,24512,126],{"class":109},[55,24514,785],{"class":129},[55,24516,126],{"class":109},[55,24518,790],{"class":65},[55,24520,793],{"class":109},[55,24522,12925],{"class":129},[55,24524,126],{"class":109},[55,24526,163],{"class":65},[55,24528,793],{"class":109},[55,24530,9336],{"class":129},[55,24532,126],{"class":109},[55,24534,790],{"class":65},[55,24536,916],{"class":75},[55,24538,163],{"class":65},[55,24540,793],{"class":109},[55,24542,19942],{"class":129},[55,24544,126],{"class":109},[55,24546,790],{"class":65},[55,24548,793],{"class":109},[55,24550,22297],{"class":129},[55,24552,126],{"class":109},[55,24554,9346],{"class":65},[55,24556,24557],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,24558,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,24560,24561,24563,24565,24567,24569,24571],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,24562,62],{"class":61},[55,24564,66],{"class":65},[55,24566,9241],{"class":318},[55,24568,29],{"class":65},[55,24570,16972],{"class":318},[55,24572,278],{"class":65},[55,24574,24575,24577,24579,24581,24583,24585,24587,24589],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,24576,62],{"class":61},[55,24578,66],{"class":65},[55,24580,1229],{"class":69},[55,24582,66],{"class":65},[55,24584,9241],{"class":318},[55,24586,29],{"class":65},[55,24588,16972],{"class":318},[55,24590,579],{"class":65},[14,24592,24593],{},[435,24594,281],{},[46,24596,24598],{"className":48,"code":24597,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'grade'])\n['name', 'age', 'grade']\n",[18,24599,24600,24630],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,24601,24602,24604,24606,24608,24610,24612,24614,24616,24618,24620,24622,24624,24626,24628],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,24603,17063],{"class":318},[55,24605,158],{"class":65},[55,24607,1923],{"class":109},[55,24609,785],{"class":129},[55,24611,1923],{"class":109},[55,24613,163],{"class":65},[55,24615,1918],{"class":109},[55,24617,9336],{"class":129},[55,24619,1923],{"class":109},[55,24621,163],{"class":65},[55,24623,1918],{"class":109},[55,24625,19942],{"class":129},[55,24627,1923],{"class":109},[55,24629,4174],{"class":65},[55,24631,24632,24634,24636,24638,24640,24642,24644,24646,24648,24650,24652,24654,24656],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,24633,4186],{"class":65},[55,24635,1923],{"class":109},[55,24637,785],{"class":129},[55,24639,1923],{"class":109},[55,24641,163],{"class":65},[55,24643,1918],{"class":109},[55,24645,9336],{"class":129},[55,24647,1923],{"class":109},[55,24649,163],{"class":65},[55,24651,1918],{"class":109},[55,24653,19942],{"class":129},[55,24655,1923],{"class":109},[55,24657,924],{"class":65},[14,24659,24660],{},"This shows two things:",[240,24662,24663,24671],{},[243,24664,24665,22027,24668,24670],{},[18,24666,24667],{},"data.keys()",[18,24669,17063],{}," object",[243,24672,24673,24676],{},[18,24674,24675],{},"list(data.keys())"," converts it into a regular list",[14,24678,9188,24679,29],{},[294,24680,24681],{"href":9428},"how to create a dictionary in Python",[41,24683,5715],{"id":5714},[14,24685,2463],{},[46,24687,24689],{"className":48,"code":24688,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_dict.keys()\n",[18,24690,24691],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,24692,24693,24695,24697,24699],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,24694,11491],{"class":902},[55,24696,29],{"class":65},[55,24698,16972],{"class":318},[55,24700,1789],{"class":65},[14,24702,21852],{},[240,24704,24705,24708,24711],{},[243,24706,24707],{},"It works only on dictionaries",[243,24709,24710],{},"It takes no parameters",[243,24712,24713],{},"You must include the parentheses",[14,24715,16704],{},[46,24717,24719],{"className":48,"code":24718,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys())\n",[18,24720,24721,24745],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,24722,24723,24725,24727,24729,24731,24733,24735,24737,24739,24741,24743],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,24724,12908],{"class":902},[55,24726,906],{"class":703},[55,24728,10529],{"class":65},[55,24730,126],{"class":109},[55,24732,785],{"class":129},[55,24734,126],{"class":109},[55,24736,790],{"class":65},[55,24738,793],{"class":109},[55,24740,12925],{"class":129},[55,24742,126],{"class":109},[55,24744,9346],{"class":65},[55,24746,24747,24749,24751,24753,24755,24757],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,24748,62],{"class":61},[55,24750,66],{"class":65},[55,24752,13672],{"class":318},[55,24754,29],{"class":65},[55,24756,16972],{"class":318},[55,24758,278],{"class":65},[14,24760,24761],{},"Incorrect:",[46,24763,24765],{"className":48,"code":24764,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys)\n",[18,24766,24767,24791],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,24768,24769,24771,24773,24775,24777,24779,24781,24783,24785,24787,24789],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,24770,12908],{"class":902},[55,24772,906],{"class":703},[55,24774,10529],{"class":65},[55,24776,126],{"class":109},[55,24778,785],{"class":129},[55,24780,126],{"class":109},[55,24782,790],{"class":65},[55,24784,793],{"class":109},[55,24786,12925],{"class":129},[55,24788,126],{"class":109},[55,24790,9346],{"class":65},[55,24792,24793,24795,24797,24799,24801,24804],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,24794,62],{"class":61},[55,24796,66],{"class":65},[55,24798,13672],{"class":318},[55,24800,29],{"class":65},[55,24802,16972],{"class":24803},"skxfh",[55,24805,322],{"class":65},[14,24807,24808],{},"Without parentheses, you are referring to the method itself, not calling it.",[41,24810,17468],{"id":17467},[14,24812,24813,22027,24815,24817],{},[18,24814,17114],{},[18,24816,17063],{}," object.",[14,24819,24820],{},"This object:",[240,24822,24823,24826,24829,24835],{},[243,24824,24825],{},"contains all keys in the dictionary",[243,24827,24828],{},"can be used in a loop",[243,24830,24831,24832],{},"can be converted with ",[18,24833,24834],{},"list()",[243,24836,24837],{},"is useful when checking available keys",[14,24839,358],{},[46,24841,24843],{"className":48,"code":24842,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2020}\n\nresult = car.keys()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[18,24844,24845,24886,24890,24905,24909,24919],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,24846,24847,24850,24852,24854,24856,24859,24861,24863,24865,24868,24870,24872,24874,24877,24879,24881,24884],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,24848,24849],{"class":902},"car ",[55,24851,906],{"class":703},[55,24853,10529],{"class":65},[55,24855,126],{"class":109},[55,24857,24858],{"class":129},"brand",[55,24860,126],{"class":109},[55,24862,790],{"class":65},[55,24864,793],{"class":109},[55,24866,24867],{"class":129},"Toyota",[55,24869,126],{"class":109},[55,24871,163],{"class":65},[55,24873,793],{"class":109},[55,24875,24876],{"class":129},"year",[55,24878,126],{"class":109},[55,24880,790],{"class":65},[55,24882,24883],{"class":75}," 2020",[55,24885,9346],{"class":65},[55,24887,24888],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,24889,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,24891,24892,24894,24896,24899,24901,24903],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,24893,2534],{"class":902},[55,24895,906],{"class":703},[55,24897,24898],{"class":902}," car",[55,24900,29],{"class":65},[55,24902,16972],{"class":318},[55,24904,1789],{"class":65},[55,24906,24907],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,24908,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,24910,24911,24913,24915,24917],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,24912,62],{"class":61},[55,24914,66],{"class":65},[55,24916,2569],{"class":318},[55,24918,322],{"class":65},[55,24920,24921,24923,24925,24927,24929,24931],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,24922,62],{"class":61},[55,24924,66],{"class":65},[55,24926,1879],{"class":69},[55,24928,66],{"class":65},[55,24930,2569],{"class":318},[55,24932,79],{"class":65},[14,24934,24935],{},[435,24936,281],{},[46,24938,24940],{"className":48,"code":24939,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"dict_keys(['brand', 'year'])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_keys'>\n",[18,24941,24942,24964],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,24943,24944,24946,24948,24950,24952,24954,24956,24958,24960,24962],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,24945,17063],{"class":318},[55,24947,158],{"class":65},[55,24949,1923],{"class":109},[55,24951,24858],{"class":129},[55,24953,1923],{"class":109},[55,24955,163],{"class":65},[55,24957,1918],{"class":109},[55,24959,24876],{"class":129},[55,24961,1923],{"class":109},[55,24963,4174],{"class":65},[55,24965,24966,24968,24970,24972,24974,24976],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,24967,1911],{"class":703},[55,24969,1915],{"class":1914},[55,24971,1918],{"class":109},[55,24973,17063],{"class":129},[55,24975,1923],{"class":109},[55,24977,1926],{"class":703},[14,24979,24980,24981,24985,24986,29],{},"If you want dictionary values instead, see the ",[294,24982,10776,24983,10780],{"href":17117},[18,24984,17120],{},". If you want both keys and values together, see the ",[294,24987,10776,24988,10780],{"href":17124},[18,24989,17127],{},[41,24991,24993],{"id":24992},"looping-through-dictionary-keys","Looping through dictionary keys",[14,24995,24996],{},"You can loop through the keys like this:",[46,24998,25000],{"className":48,"code":24999,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"course\": \"Math\"}\n\nfor key in student.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[18,25001,25002,25055,25059,25075],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,25003,25004,25006,25008,25010,25012,25014,25016,25018,25020,25022,25024,25026,25028,25030,25032,25034,25036,25038,25040,25042,25044,25046,25048,25051,25053],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,25005,12908],{"class":902},[55,25007,906],{"class":703},[55,25009,10529],{"class":65},[55,25011,126],{"class":109},[55,25013,785],{"class":129},[55,25015,126],{"class":109},[55,25017,790],{"class":65},[55,25019,793],{"class":109},[55,25021,12925],{"class":129},[55,25023,126],{"class":109},[55,25025,163],{"class":65},[55,25027,793],{"class":109},[55,25029,9336],{"class":129},[55,25031,126],{"class":109},[55,25033,790],{"class":65},[55,25035,916],{"class":75},[55,25037,163],{"class":65},[55,25039,793],{"class":109},[55,25041,15376],{"class":129},[55,25043,126],{"class":109},[55,25045,790],{"class":65},[55,25047,793],{"class":109},[55,25049,25050],{"class":129},"Math",[55,25052,126],{"class":109},[55,25054,9346],{"class":65},[55,25056,25057],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,25058,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,25060,25061,25063,25065,25067,25069,25071,25073],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,25062,6236],{"class":1193},[55,25064,18259],{"class":902},[55,25066,4168],{"class":1193},[55,25068,12951],{"class":902},[55,25070,29],{"class":65},[55,25072,16972],{"class":318},[55,25074,21647],{"class":65},[55,25076,25077,25079,25081,25083],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,25078,1204],{"class":61},[55,25080,66],{"class":65},[55,25082,14888],{"class":318},[55,25084,322],{"class":65},[14,25086,25087],{},[435,25088,281],{},[46,25090,25092],{"className":48,"code":25091,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name\nage\ncourse\n",[18,25093,25094,25099,25104],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,25095,25096],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,25097,25098],{"class":902},"name\n",[55,25100,25101],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,25102,25103],{"class":902},"age\n",[55,25105,25106],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,25107,25108],{"class":902},"course\n",[14,25110,25111],{},"In most cases, this also works:",[46,25113,25115],{"className":48,"code":25114,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"for key in student:\n    print(key)\n",[18,25116,25117,25129],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,25118,25119,25121,25123,25125,25127],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,25120,6236],{"class":1193},[55,25122,18259],{"class":902},[55,25124,4168],{"class":1193},[55,25126,12951],{"class":902},[55,25128,1199],{"class":65},[55,25130,25131,25133,25135,25137],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,25132,1204],{"class":61},[55,25134,66],{"class":65},[55,25136,14888],{"class":318},[55,25138,322],{"class":65},[14,25140,25141,25142,25145],{},"Both are valid. For beginners, ",[18,25143,25144],{},"student.keys()"," is more explicit because it clearly shows that you are looping through keys.",[41,25147,5247,25149],{"id":25148},"when-to-use-keys",[18,25150,17114],{},[14,25152,212,25153,10640],{},[18,25154,17114],{},[240,25156,25157,25160,25163],{},[243,25158,25159],{},"you only need the dictionary keys",[243,25161,25162],{},"you want to display available fields",[243,25164,25165],{},"you want to inspect what keys exist in a dictionary",[14,25167,358],{},[46,25169,25171],{"className":48,"code":25170,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99, \"stock\": 5}\n\nprint(\"Available fields:\")\nfor key in product.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[18,25172,25173,25226,25230,25245,25262],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,25174,25175,25178,25180,25182,25184,25186,25188,25190,25192,25195,25197,25199,25201,25204,25206,25208,25211,25213,25215,25218,25220,25222,25224],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,25176,25177],{"class":902},"product ",[55,25179,906],{"class":703},[55,25181,10529],{"class":65},[55,25183,126],{"class":109},[55,25185,785],{"class":129},[55,25187,126],{"class":109},[55,25189,790],{"class":65},[55,25191,793],{"class":109},[55,25193,25194],{"class":129},"Book",[55,25196,126],{"class":109},[55,25198,163],{"class":65},[55,25200,793],{"class":109},[55,25202,25203],{"class":129},"price",[55,25205,126],{"class":109},[55,25207,790],{"class":65},[55,25209,25210],{"class":75}," 12.99",[55,25212,163],{"class":65},[55,25214,793],{"class":109},[55,25216,25217],{"class":129},"stock",[55,25219,126],{"class":109},[55,25221,790],{"class":65},[55,25223,4890],{"class":75},[55,25225,9346],{"class":65},[55,25227,25228],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,25229,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,25231,25232,25234,25236,25238,25241,25243],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,25233,62],{"class":61},[55,25235,66],{"class":65},[55,25237,126],{"class":109},[55,25239,25240],{"class":129},"Available fields:",[55,25242,126],{"class":109},[55,25244,322],{"class":65},[55,25246,25247,25249,25251,25253,25256,25258,25260],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,25248,6236],{"class":1193},[55,25250,18259],{"class":902},[55,25252,4168],{"class":1193},[55,25254,25255],{"class":902}," product",[55,25257,29],{"class":65},[55,25259,16972],{"class":318},[55,25261,21647],{"class":65},[55,25263,25264,25266,25268,25270],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,25265,1204],{"class":61},[55,25267,66],{"class":65},[55,25269,14888],{"class":318},[55,25271,322],{"class":65},[14,25273,25274],{},[435,25275,281],{},[46,25277,25279],{"className":48,"code":25278,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Available fields:\nname\nprice\nstock\n",[18,25280,25281,25288,25292,25297],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,25282,25283,25286],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,25284,25285],{"class":902},"Available fields",[55,25287,1199],{"class":65},[55,25289,25290],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,25291,25098],{"class":902},[55,25293,25294],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,25295,25296],{"class":902},"price\n",[55,25298,25299],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,25300,25301],{"class":902},"stock\n",[14,25303,25304],{},"You may also see membership checks like this:",[46,25306,25308],{"className":48,"code":25307,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99}\n\nprint(\"name\" in product.keys())\n",[18,25309,25310,25346,25350],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,25311,25312,25314,25316,25318,25320,25322,25324,25326,25328,25330,25332,25334,25336,25338,25340,25342,25344],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,25313,25177],{"class":902},[55,25315,906],{"class":703},[55,25317,10529],{"class":65},[55,25319,126],{"class":109},[55,25321,785],{"class":129},[55,25323,126],{"class":109},[55,25325,790],{"class":65},[55,25327,793],{"class":109},[55,25329,25194],{"class":129},[55,25331,126],{"class":109},[55,25333,163],{"class":65},[55,25335,793],{"class":109},[55,25337,25203],{"class":129},[55,25339,126],{"class":109},[55,25341,790],{"class":65},[55,25343,25210],{"class":75},[55,25345,9346],{"class":65},[55,25347,25348],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,25349,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,25351,25352,25354,25356,25358,25360,25362,25364,25366,25368,25370],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,25353,62],{"class":61},[55,25355,66],{"class":65},[55,25357,126],{"class":109},[55,25359,785],{"class":129},[55,25361,126],{"class":109},[55,25363,21225],{"class":1193},[55,25365,25255],{"class":318},[55,25367,29],{"class":65},[55,25369,16972],{"class":318},[55,25371,278],{"class":65},[14,25373,25374,25375,29],{},"This works and returns ",[18,25376,24],{},[14,25378,25379],{},"However, this is usually simpler:",[46,25381,25383],{"className":48,"code":25382,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(\"name\" in product)\n",[18,25384,25385],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,25386,25387,25389,25391,25393,25395,25397,25399,25401],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,25388,62],{"class":61},[55,25390,66],{"class":65},[55,25392,126],{"class":109},[55,25394,785],{"class":129},[55,25396,126],{"class":109},[55,25398,21225],{"class":1193},[55,25400,25255],{"class":318},[55,25402,322],{"class":65},[14,25404,25405,25406,29],{},"If you want to learn that pattern, see ",[294,25407,21258],{"href":17202},[41,25409,25411],{"id":25410},"common-beginner-confusion","Common beginner confusion",[14,25413,25414,25415,29],{},"Here are some common mistakes beginners make with ",[18,25416,17114],{},[889,25418,1595,25420,25422],{"id":25419},"expecting-keys-to-return-key-value-pairs",[18,25421,17114],{}," to return key-value pairs",[14,25424,25425,25427],{},[18,25426,17114],{}," returns only the keys.",[14,25429,358],{},[46,25431,25433],{"className":48,"code":25432,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(data.keys())\n",[18,25434,25435,25471],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,25436,25437,25439,25441,25443,25445,25447,25449,25451,25453,25455,25457,25459,25461,25463,25465,25467,25469],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,25438,9202],{"class":902},[55,25440,906],{"class":703},[55,25442,10529],{"class":65},[55,25444,126],{"class":109},[55,25446,785],{"class":129},[55,25448,126],{"class":109},[55,25450,790],{"class":65},[55,25452,793],{"class":109},[55,25454,12925],{"class":129},[55,25456,126],{"class":109},[55,25458,163],{"class":65},[55,25460,793],{"class":109},[55,25462,9336],{"class":129},[55,25464,126],{"class":109},[55,25466,790],{"class":65},[55,25468,916],{"class":75},[55,25470,9346],{"class":65},[55,25472,25473,25475,25477,25479,25481,25483],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,25474,62],{"class":61},[55,25476,66],{"class":65},[55,25478,9241],{"class":318},[55,25480,29],{"class":65},[55,25482,16972],{"class":318},[55,25484,278],{"class":65},[14,25486,25487],{},[435,25488,281],{},[46,25490,25492],{"className":48,"code":25491,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n",[18,25493,25494],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,25495,25496,25498,25500,25502,25504,25506,25508,25510,25512,25514],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,25497,17063],{"class":318},[55,25499,158],{"class":65},[55,25501,1923],{"class":109},[55,25503,785],{"class":129},[55,25505,1923],{"class":109},[55,25507,163],{"class":65},[55,25509,1918],{"class":109},[55,25511,9336],{"class":129},[55,25513,1923],{"class":109},[55,25515,4174],{"class":65},[14,25517,25518,25519,29],{},"If you want both keys and values, use ",[294,25520,25521],{"href":17124},[18,25522,17127],{},[889,25524,25526,25527],{"id":25525},"expecting-a-list-instead-of-dict_keys","Expecting a list instead of ",[18,25528,17063],{},[14,25530,25531],{},"Many beginners expect this:",[46,25533,25535],{"className":48,"code":25534,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['name', 'age']\n",[18,25536,25537],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,25538,25539,25541,25543,25545,25547,25549,25551,25553,25555],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,25540,4186],{"class":65},[55,25542,1923],{"class":109},[55,25544,785],{"class":129},[55,25546,1923],{"class":109},[55,25548,163],{"class":65},[55,25550,1918],{"class":109},[55,25552,9336],{"class":129},[55,25554,1923],{"class":109},[55,25556,924],{"class":65},[14,25558,25559,25560,25562],{},"But ",[18,25561,17114],{}," returns:",[46,25564,25565],{"className":48,"code":25491,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,25566,25567],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,25568,25569,25571,25573,25575,25577,25579,25581,25583,25585,25587],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,25570,17063],{"class":318},[55,25572,158],{"class":65},[55,25574,1923],{"class":109},[55,25576,785],{"class":129},[55,25578,1923],{"class":109},[55,25580,163],{"class":65},[55,25582,1918],{"class":109},[55,25584,9336],{"class":129},[55,25586,1923],{"class":109},[55,25588,4174],{"class":65},[14,25590,25591],{},"If you need a real list, convert it:",[46,25593,25595],{"className":48,"code":25594,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkey_list = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(key_list)\n",[18,25596,25597,25633,25652,25656],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,25598,25599,25601,25603,25605,25607,25609,25611,25613,25615,25617,25619,25621,25623,25625,25627,25629,25631],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,25600,9202],{"class":902},[55,25602,906],{"class":703},[55,25604,10529],{"class":65},[55,25606,126],{"class":109},[55,25608,785],{"class":129},[55,25610,126],{"class":109},[55,25612,790],{"class":65},[55,25614,793],{"class":109},[55,25616,12925],{"class":129},[55,25618,126],{"class":109},[55,25620,163],{"class":65},[55,25622,793],{"class":109},[55,25624,9336],{"class":129},[55,25626,126],{"class":109},[55,25628,790],{"class":65},[55,25630,916],{"class":75},[55,25632,9346],{"class":65},[55,25634,25635,25638,25640,25642,25644,25646,25648,25650],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,25636,25637],{"class":902},"key_list ",[55,25639,906],{"class":703},[55,25641,22612],{"class":69},[55,25643,66],{"class":65},[55,25645,9241],{"class":318},[55,25647,29],{"class":65},[55,25649,16972],{"class":318},[55,25651,278],{"class":65},[55,25653,25654],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,25655,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,25657,25658,25660,25662,25665],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,25659,62],{"class":61},[55,25661,66],{"class":65},[55,25663,25664],{"class":318},"key_list",[55,25666,322],{"class":65},[889,25668,25670,25671,25673],{"id":25669},"trying-to-use-keys-on-a-list-or-string","Trying to use ",[18,25672,17114],{}," on a list or string",[14,25675,25676,25678],{},[18,25677,17114],{}," only works on dictionaries.",[14,25680,3139],{},[46,25682,25684],{"className":48,"code":25683,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.keys())\n",[18,25685,25686,25706],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,25687,25688,25690,25692,25694,25696,25698,25700,25702,25704],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,25689,1168],{"class":902},[55,25691,906],{"class":703},[55,25693,909],{"class":65},[55,25695,93],{"class":75},[55,25697,163],{"class":65},[55,25699,166],{"class":75},[55,25701,163],{"class":65},[55,25703,171],{"class":75},[55,25705,924],{"class":65},[55,25707,25708,25710,25712,25714,25716,25718],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,25709,62],{"class":61},[55,25711,66],{"class":65},[55,25713,332],{"class":318},[55,25715,29],{"class":65},[55,25717,16972],{"class":318},[55,25719,278],{"class":65},[14,25721,25722,25723,25726,25727,25729,25730,29],{},"You may get an ",[18,25724,25725],{},"AttributeError"," because lists do not have a ",[18,25728,17114],{}," method. If that happens, see ",[294,25731,25733,25734,25737],{"href":25732},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","how to fix ",[18,25735,25736],{},"'object has no attribute'"," errors in Python",[889,25739,25741],{"id":25740},"forgetting-parentheses","Forgetting parentheses",[14,25743,25744],{},"This is a very common mistake:",[46,25746,25748],{"className":48,"code":25747,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(data.keys)\n",[18,25749,25750,25774],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,25751,25752,25754,25756,25758,25760,25762,25764,25766,25768,25770,25772],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,25753,9202],{"class":902},[55,25755,906],{"class":703},[55,25757,10529],{"class":65},[55,25759,126],{"class":109},[55,25761,785],{"class":129},[55,25763,126],{"class":109},[55,25765,790],{"class":65},[55,25767,793],{"class":109},[55,25769,12925],{"class":129},[55,25771,126],{"class":109},[55,25773,9346],{"class":65},[55,25775,25776,25778,25780,25782,25784,25786],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,25777,62],{"class":61},[55,25779,66],{"class":65},[55,25781,9241],{"class":318},[55,25783,29],{"class":65},[55,25785,16972],{"class":24803},[55,25787,322],{"class":65},[14,25789,25790],{},"That prints the method object, not the keys.",[14,25792,18745],{},[46,25794,25796],{"className":48,"code":25795,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(data.keys())\n",[18,25797,25798],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,25799,25800,25802,25804,25806,25808,25810],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,25801,62],{"class":61},[55,25803,66],{"class":65},[55,25805,9241],{"class":318},[55,25807,29],{"class":65},[55,25809,16972],{"class":318},[55,25811,278],{"class":65},[41,25813,1586],{"id":1585},[14,25815,25816,25817,790],{},"These are the most common problems related to ",[18,25818,17114],{},[240,25820,25821,25826,25832,25838],{},[243,25822,1556,25823,25825],{},[18,25824,17114],{}," on a non-dictionary object",[243,25827,25828,25829,25831],{},"Thinking ",[18,25830,17114],{}," returns values too",[243,25833,25834,25835,25837],{},"Trying to index ",[18,25836,17063],{}," like a normal list",[243,25839,25840,25841,25843],{},"Forgetting to convert ",[18,25842,17063],{}," to a list when needed",[14,25845,25846],{},"For example, this may not work the way you expect:",[46,25848,25850],{"className":48,"code":25849,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = data.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\n# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[18,25851,25852,25884,25898,25902,25912],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,25853,25854,25856,25858,25860,25862,25864,25866,25868,25870,25872,25874,25876,25878,25880,25882],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,25855,9202],{"class":902},[55,25857,906],{"class":703},[55,25859,10529],{"class":65},[55,25861,126],{"class":109},[55,25863,294],{"class":129},[55,25865,126],{"class":109},[55,25867,790],{"class":65},[55,25869,5782],{"class":75},[55,25871,163],{"class":65},[55,25873,793],{"class":109},[55,25875,5046],{"class":129},[55,25877,126],{"class":109},[55,25879,790],{"class":65},[55,25881,166],{"class":75},[55,25883,9346],{"class":65},[55,25885,25886,25888,25890,25892,25894,25896],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,25887,17291],{"class":902},[55,25889,906],{"class":703},[55,25891,14613],{"class":902},[55,25893,29],{"class":65},[55,25895,16972],{"class":318},[55,25897,1789],{"class":65},[55,25899,25900],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,25901,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,25903,25904,25906,25908,25910],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,25905,62],{"class":61},[55,25907,66],{"class":65},[55,25909,16972],{"class":318},[55,25911,322],{"class":65},[55,25913,25914],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,25915,25916],{"class":3956},"# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[14,25918,25919],{},"If you need indexing, convert first:",[46,25921,25923],{"className":48,"code":25922,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(keys[0])\n",[18,25924,25925,25957,25975,25979],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,25926,25927,25929,25931,25933,25935,25937,25939,25941,25943,25945,25947,25949,25951,25953,25955],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,25928,9202],{"class":902},[55,25930,906],{"class":703},[55,25932,10529],{"class":65},[55,25934,126],{"class":109},[55,25936,294],{"class":129},[55,25938,126],{"class":109},[55,25940,790],{"class":65},[55,25942,5782],{"class":75},[55,25944,163],{"class":65},[55,25946,793],{"class":109},[55,25948,5046],{"class":129},[55,25950,126],{"class":109},[55,25952,790],{"class":65},[55,25954,166],{"class":75},[55,25956,9346],{"class":65},[55,25958,25959,25961,25963,25965,25967,25969,25971,25973],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,25960,17291],{"class":902},[55,25962,906],{"class":703},[55,25964,22612],{"class":69},[55,25966,66],{"class":65},[55,25968,9241],{"class":318},[55,25970,29],{"class":65},[55,25972,16972],{"class":318},[55,25974,278],{"class":65},[55,25976,25977],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,25978,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,25980,25981,25983,25985,25987,25989,25991],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,25982,62],{"class":61},[55,25984,66],{"class":65},[55,25986,16972],{"class":318},[55,25988,4186],{"class":65},[55,25990,76],{"class":75},[55,25992,4174],{"class":65},[41,25994,25996],{"id":25995},"debugging-tips","Debugging tips",[14,25998,11153],{},[46,26000,26002],{"className":48,"code":26001,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(list(my_dict.keys()))\n",[18,26003,26004,26018,26028,26042],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,26005,26006,26008,26010,26012,26014,26016],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,26007,62],{"class":61},[55,26009,66],{"class":65},[55,26011,1879],{"class":69},[55,26013,66],{"class":65},[55,26015,11491],{"class":318},[55,26017,79],{"class":65},[55,26019,26020,26022,26024,26026],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,26021,62],{"class":61},[55,26023,66],{"class":65},[55,26025,11491],{"class":318},[55,26027,322],{"class":65},[55,26029,26030,26032,26034,26036,26038,26040],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,26031,62],{"class":61},[55,26033,66],{"class":65},[55,26035,11491],{"class":318},[55,26037,29],{"class":65},[55,26039,16972],{"class":318},[55,26041,278],{"class":65},[55,26043,26044,26046,26048,26050,26052,26054,26056,26058],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,26045,62],{"class":61},[55,26047,66],{"class":65},[55,26049,1229],{"class":69},[55,26051,66],{"class":65},[55,26053,11491],{"class":318},[55,26055,29],{"class":65},[55,26057,16972],{"class":318},[55,26059,579],{"class":65},[14,26061,26062],{},"These help you confirm:",[240,26064,26065,26068,26071,26076],{},[243,26066,26067],{},"whether the variable is really a dictionary",[243,26069,26070],{},"what data it contains",[243,26072,26073,26074,11748],{},"what ",[18,26075,17114],{},[243,26077,26078],{},"what the keys look like as a list",[41,26080,2139],{"id":2138},[889,26082,23971,26084,5432],{"id":26083},"what-does-dictionary-keys-return-in-python",[18,26085,17114],{},[14,26087,17471,26088,26090],{},[18,26089,17063],{}," view object containing all keys in the dictionary.",[889,26092,14950,26094,26097],{"id":26093},"is-dictkeys-a-list",[18,26095,26096],{},"dict.keys()"," a list?",[14,26099,26100,26101,26103,26104,29],{},"No. It returns a ",[18,26102,17063],{}," object. You can convert it with ",[18,26105,26106],{},"list(dict.keys())",[889,26108,26110,26111,2794],{"id":26109},"can-i-loop-through-dictkeys","Can I loop through ",[18,26112,26096],{},[14,26114,26115,26116,26118],{},"Yes. You can use it in a ",[18,26117,6236],{}," loop.",[889,26120,26122,26123,26125],{"id":26121},"do-i-need-to-use-keys-to-loop-through-a-dictionary","Do I need to use ",[18,26124,17114],{}," to loop through a dictionary?",[14,26127,26128,26129,26131],{},"No. You can loop directly over the dictionary, but ",[18,26130,17114],{}," makes your intent clearer.",[889,26133,26135],{"id":26134},"how-do-i-get-the-keys-as-a-list","How do I get the keys as a list?",[14,26137,212,26138,29],{},[18,26139,26140],{},"list(my_dict.keys())",[41,26142,2193],{"id":2192},[240,26144,26145,26150,26156,26162,26168,26172],{},[243,26146,26147],{},[294,26148,26149],{"href":9428},"How to create a dictionary in Python",[243,26151,26152],{},[294,26153,10776,26154,10780],{"href":17117},[18,26155,17120],{},[243,26157,26158],{},[294,26159,10776,26160,10780],{"href":17124},[18,26161,17127],{},[243,26163,26164],{},[294,26165,26167],{"href":26166},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-keys-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all keys from a dictionary in Python",[243,26169,26170],{},[294,26171,17203],{"href":17202},[243,26173,26174],{},[294,26175,26176,26177,25737],{"href":25732},"How to fix ",[18,26178,25736],{},[2226,26180,26181],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":26183},[26184,26185,26187,26188,26189,26190,26191,26193,26202,26203,26204,26215],{"id":2307,"depth":82,"text":2308},{"id":24302,"depth":82,"text":26186},"What keys() does",{"id":6064,"depth":82,"text":6065},{"id":5714,"depth":82,"text":5715},{"id":17467,"depth":82,"text":17468},{"id":24992,"depth":82,"text":24993},{"id":25148,"depth":82,"text":26192},"When to use keys()",{"id":25410,"depth":82,"text":25411,"children":26194},[26195,26197,26199,26201],{"id":25419,"depth":98,"text":26196},"Expecting keys() to return key-value pairs",{"id":25525,"depth":98,"text":26198},"Expecting a list instead of dict_keys",{"id":25669,"depth":98,"text":26200},"Trying to use keys() on a list or string",{"id":25740,"depth":98,"text":25741},{"id":1585,"depth":82,"text":1586},{"id":25995,"depth":82,"text":25996},{"id":2138,"depth":82,"text":2139,"children":26205},[26206,26208,26210,26212,26214],{"id":26083,"depth":98,"text":26207},"What does dictionary keys() return in Python?",{"id":26093,"depth":98,"text":26209},"Is dict.keys() a list?",{"id":26109,"depth":98,"text":26211},"Can I loop through dict.keys()?",{"id":26121,"depth":98,"text":26213},"Do I need to use keys() to loop through a dictionary?",{"id":26134,"depth":98,"text":26135},{"id":2192,"depth":82,"text":2193},"Master python dictionary keys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":24124,"description":26216},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method","yoVvP2jVvnq--2L4aIR-uzvril2Qb_tpY3cJkvKn9RU",{"id":26222,"title":26223,"body":26224,"description":28497,"extension":2267,"meta":28498,"navigation":1121,"path":28499,"seo":28500,"stem":28501,"__hash__":28502},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method.md","Python Dictionary pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":26225,"toc":28450},[26226,26231,26236,26239,26241,26387,26400,26405,26409,26423,26425,26528,26537,26539,26542,26580,26605,26607,26714,26716,26723,26726,26734,26736,26877,26885,26890,26894,26905,26907,27069,27072,27080,27087,27093,27190,27196,27273,27276,27288,27293,27299,27302,27306,27395,27398,27402,27506,27513,27600,27609,27611,27616,27622,27625,27671,27674,27740,27749,27755,27848,27854,27860,27903,27906,27971,27977,28069,28072,28076,28082,28107,28110,28206,28213,28215,28220,28311,28313,28341,28346,28348,28355,28358,28362,28372,28377,28380,28387,28397,28404,28412,28414,28447],[10,26227,11359,26229,11363],{"id":26228},"python-dictionary-pop-method",[18,26230,12807],{},[14,26232,26233,26235],{},[18,26234,12613],{}," removes a key from a dictionary and returns the value that was stored under that key.",[14,26237,26238],{},"This method is useful when you want to delete a key and still keep its value for later use. It is also a common way to remove a key safely when you provide a default value.",[41,26240,44],{"id":43},[46,26242,26244],{"className":48,"code":26243,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nremoved_age = person.pop(\"age\")\nprint(removed_age)   # 25\nprint(person)        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n\n# Safe version with default value\ncountry = person.pop(\"country\", \"Not found\")\nprint(country)       # Not found\n",[18,26245,26246,26282,26306,26320,26333,26337,26342,26374],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,26247,26248,26250,26252,26254,26256,26258,26260,26262,26264,26266,26268,26270,26272,26274,26276,26278,26280],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,26249,13250],{"class":902},[55,26251,906],{"class":703},[55,26253,10529],{"class":65},[55,26255,126],{"class":109},[55,26257,785],{"class":129},[55,26259,126],{"class":109},[55,26261,790],{"class":65},[55,26263,793],{"class":109},[55,26265,12925],{"class":129},[55,26267,126],{"class":109},[55,26269,163],{"class":65},[55,26271,793],{"class":109},[55,26273,9336],{"class":129},[55,26275,126],{"class":109},[55,26277,790],{"class":65},[55,26279,9343],{"class":75},[55,26281,9346],{"class":65},[55,26283,26284,26287,26289,26291,26293,26296,26298,26300,26302,26304],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,26285,26286],{"class":902},"removed_age ",[55,26288,906],{"class":703},[55,26290,13293],{"class":902},[55,26292,29],{"class":65},[55,26294,26295],{"class":318},"pop",[55,26297,66],{"class":65},[55,26299,126],{"class":109},[55,26301,9336],{"class":129},[55,26303,126],{"class":109},[55,26305,322],{"class":65},[55,26307,26308,26310,26312,26315,26317],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,26309,62],{"class":61},[55,26311,66],{"class":65},[55,26313,26314],{"class":318},"removed_age",[55,26316,3953],{"class":65},[55,26318,26319],{"class":3956},"   # 25\n",[55,26321,26322,26324,26326,26328,26330],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,26323,62],{"class":61},[55,26325,66],{"class":65},[55,26327,17356],{"class":318},[55,26329,3953],{"class":65},[55,26331,26332],{"class":3956},"        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[55,26334,26335],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,26336,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,26338,26339],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,26340,26341],{"class":3956},"# Safe version with default value\n",[55,26343,26344,26347,26349,26351,26353,26355,26357,26359,26361,26363,26365,26367,26370,26372],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,26345,26346],{"class":902},"country ",[55,26348,906],{"class":703},[55,26350,13293],{"class":902},[55,26352,29],{"class":65},[55,26354,26295],{"class":318},[55,26356,66],{"class":65},[55,26358,126],{"class":109},[55,26360,15309],{"class":129},[55,26362,126],{"class":109},[55,26364,163],{"class":65},[55,26366,793],{"class":109},[55,26368,26369],{"class":129},"Not found",[55,26371,126],{"class":109},[55,26373,322],{"class":65},[55,26375,26376,26378,26380,26382,26384],{"class":57,"line":582},[55,26377,62],{"class":61},[55,26379,66],{"class":65},[55,26381,15309],{"class":318},[55,26383,3953],{"class":65},[55,26385,26386],{"class":3956},"       # Not found\n",[14,26388,212,26389,26392,26393,26396,26397,26399],{},[18,26390,26391],{},"pop(key)"," to remove a key and get its value. Use ",[18,26394,26395],{},"pop(key, default)"," to avoid a ",[18,26398,19738],{}," when the key might not exist.",[41,26401,3970,26403,3973],{"id":26402},"what-dictpop-does",[18,26404,12613],{},[14,26406,26407,790],{},[18,26408,12613],{},[240,26410,26411,26414,26417,26420],{},[243,26412,26413],{},"Removes one key from a dictionary",[243,26415,26416],{},"Returns the value that belonged to that key",[243,26418,26419],{},"Changes the original dictionary",[243,26421,26422],{},"Works only with dictionary keys, not positions",[14,26424,358],{},[46,26426,26428],{"className":48,"code":26427,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"user = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"city\": \"Paris\"}\n\nremoved_city = user.pop(\"city\")\n\nprint(removed_city)  # Paris\nprint(user)          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[18,26429,26430,26470,26474,26497,26501,26515],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,26431,26432,26434,26436,26438,26440,26442,26444,26446,26448,26450,26452,26454,26456,26458,26460,26462,26464,26466,26468],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,26433,11530],{"class":902},[55,26435,906],{"class":703},[55,26437,10529],{"class":65},[55,26439,126],{"class":109},[55,26441,785],{"class":129},[55,26443,126],{"class":109},[55,26445,790],{"class":65},[55,26447,793],{"class":109},[55,26449,13267],{"class":129},[55,26451,126],{"class":109},[55,26453,163],{"class":65},[55,26455,793],{"class":109},[55,26457,10447],{"class":129},[55,26459,126],{"class":109},[55,26461,790],{"class":65},[55,26463,793],{"class":109},[55,26465,10454],{"class":129},[55,26467,126],{"class":109},[55,26469,9346],{"class":65},[55,26471,26472],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,26473,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,26475,26476,26479,26481,26483,26485,26487,26489,26491,26493,26495],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,26477,26478],{"class":902},"removed_city ",[55,26480,906],{"class":703},[55,26482,11613],{"class":902},[55,26484,29],{"class":65},[55,26486,26295],{"class":318},[55,26488,66],{"class":65},[55,26490,126],{"class":109},[55,26492,10447],{"class":129},[55,26494,126],{"class":109},[55,26496,322],{"class":65},[55,26498,26499],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,26500,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,26502,26503,26505,26507,26510,26512],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,26504,62],{"class":61},[55,26506,66],{"class":65},[55,26508,26509],{"class":318},"removed_city",[55,26511,3953],{"class":65},[55,26513,26514],{"class":3956},"  # Paris\n",[55,26516,26517,26519,26521,26523,26525],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,26518,62],{"class":61},[55,26520,66],{"class":65},[55,26522,11624],{"class":318},[55,26524,3953],{"class":65},[55,26526,26527],{"class":3956},"          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[14,26529,20822,26530,26533,26534,29],{},[18,26531,26532],{},"\"city\""," is the key being removed. The method returns its value, which is ",[18,26535,26536],{},"\"Paris\"",[41,26538,2460],{"id":2459},[14,26540,26541],{},"There are two common forms:",[46,26543,26545],{"className":48,"code":26544,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_dict.pop(key)\nmy_dict.pop(key, default)\n",[18,26546,26547,26561],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,26548,26549,26551,26553,26555,26557,26559],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,26550,11491],{"class":902},[55,26552,29],{"class":65},[55,26554,26295],{"class":318},[55,26556,66],{"class":65},[55,26558,14888],{"class":318},[55,26560,322],{"class":65},[55,26562,26563,26565,26567,26569,26571,26573,26575,26578],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,26564,11491],{"class":902},[55,26566,29],{"class":65},[55,26568,26295],{"class":318},[55,26570,66],{"class":65},[55,26572,14888],{"class":318},[55,26574,163],{"class":65},[55,26576,26577],{"class":318}," default",[55,26579,322],{"class":65},[240,26581,26582,26588,26596,26602],{},[243,26583,26584,26587],{},[18,26585,26586],{},"dict.pop(key)"," removes the key if it exists",[243,26589,26590,26592,26593,26595],{},[18,26591,26586],{}," raises ",[18,26594,19738],{}," if the key is missing",[243,26597,26598,26601],{},[18,26599,26600],{},"dict.pop(key, default)"," returns the default value if the key is missing",[243,26603,26604],{},"The second form is safer when you are not sure the key exists",[14,26606,358],{},[46,26608,26610],{"className":48,"code":26609,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"science\": 85}\n\nprint(scores.pop(\"math\"))         # 90\nprint(scores.pop(\"history\", 0))   # 0\nprint(scores)                     # {'science': 85}\n",[18,26611,26612,26644,26648,26673,26701],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,26613,26614,26616,26618,26620,26622,26624,26626,26628,26630,26632,26634,26636,26638,26640,26642],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,26615,5350],{"class":902},[55,26617,906],{"class":703},[55,26619,10529],{"class":65},[55,26621,126],{"class":109},[55,26623,18467],{"class":129},[55,26625,126],{"class":109},[55,26627,790],{"class":65},[55,26629,19949],{"class":75},[55,26631,163],{"class":65},[55,26633,793],{"class":109},[55,26635,18476],{"class":129},[55,26637,126],{"class":109},[55,26639,790],{"class":65},[55,26641,13553],{"class":75},[55,26643,9346],{"class":65},[55,26645,26646],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,26647,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,26649,26650,26652,26654,26656,26658,26660,26662,26664,26666,26668,26670],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,26651,62],{"class":61},[55,26653,66],{"class":65},[55,26655,16437],{"class":318},[55,26657,29],{"class":65},[55,26659,26295],{"class":318},[55,26661,66],{"class":65},[55,26663,126],{"class":109},[55,26665,18467],{"class":129},[55,26667,126],{"class":109},[55,26669,5645],{"class":65},[55,26671,26672],{"class":3956},"         # 90\n",[55,26674,26675,26677,26679,26681,26683,26685,26687,26689,26691,26693,26695,26697,26699],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,26676,62],{"class":61},[55,26678,66],{"class":65},[55,26680,16437],{"class":318},[55,26682,29],{"class":65},[55,26684,26295],{"class":318},[55,26686,66],{"class":65},[55,26688,126],{"class":109},[55,26690,18485],{"class":129},[55,26692,126],{"class":109},[55,26694,163],{"class":65},[55,26696,4121],{"class":75},[55,26698,5645],{"class":65},[55,26700,20819],{"class":3956},[55,26702,26703,26705,26707,26709,26711],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,26704,62],{"class":61},[55,26706,66],{"class":65},[55,26708,16437],{"class":318},[55,26710,3953],{"class":65},[55,26712,26713],{"class":3956},"                     # {'science': 85}\n",[41,26715,17468],{"id":17467},[14,26717,26718,14100,26720,26722],{},[18,26719,12807],{},[435,26721,4916],{}," return the updated dictionary.",[14,26724,26725],{},"Instead, it returns:",[240,26727,26728,26731],{},[243,26729,26730],{},"The removed value when the key exists",[243,26732,26733],{},"The default value if you provided one and the key is missing",[14,26735,358],{},[46,26737,26739],{"className":48,"code":26738,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {\"a\": 10, \"b\": 20}\n\nresult1 = data.pop(\"a\")\nresult2 = data.pop(\"c\", \"missing\")\n\nprint(result1)  # 10\nprint(result2)  # missing\nprint(data)     # {'b': 20}\n",[18,26740,26741,26773,26777,26800,26832,26836,26850,26864],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,26742,26743,26745,26747,26749,26751,26753,26755,26757,26759,26761,26763,26765,26767,26769,26771],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,26744,9202],{"class":902},[55,26746,906],{"class":703},[55,26748,10529],{"class":65},[55,26750,126],{"class":109},[55,26752,294],{"class":129},[55,26754,126],{"class":109},[55,26756,790],{"class":65},[55,26758,6283],{"class":75},[55,26760,163],{"class":65},[55,26762,793],{"class":109},[55,26764,5046],{"class":129},[55,26766,126],{"class":109},[55,26768,790],{"class":65},[55,26770,916],{"class":75},[55,26772,9346],{"class":65},[55,26774,26775],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,26776,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,26778,26779,26782,26784,26786,26788,26790,26792,26794,26796,26798],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,26780,26781],{"class":902},"result1 ",[55,26783,906],{"class":703},[55,26785,14613],{"class":902},[55,26787,29],{"class":65},[55,26789,26295],{"class":318},[55,26791,66],{"class":65},[55,26793,126],{"class":109},[55,26795,294],{"class":129},[55,26797,126],{"class":109},[55,26799,322],{"class":65},[55,26801,26802,26805,26807,26809,26811,26813,26815,26817,26819,26821,26823,26825,26828,26830],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,26803,26804],{"class":902},"result2 ",[55,26806,906],{"class":703},[55,26808,14613],{"class":902},[55,26810,29],{"class":65},[55,26812,26295],{"class":318},[55,26814,66],{"class":65},[55,26816,126],{"class":109},[55,26818,9777],{"class":129},[55,26820,126],{"class":109},[55,26822,163],{"class":65},[55,26824,793],{"class":109},[55,26826,26827],{"class":129},"missing",[55,26829,126],{"class":109},[55,26831,322],{"class":65},[55,26833,26834],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,26835,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,26837,26838,26840,26842,26845,26847],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,26839,62],{"class":61},[55,26841,66],{"class":65},[55,26843,26844],{"class":318},"result1",[55,26846,3953],{"class":65},[55,26848,26849],{"class":3956},"  # 10\n",[55,26851,26852,26854,26856,26859,26861],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,26853,62],{"class":61},[55,26855,66],{"class":65},[55,26857,26858],{"class":318},"result2",[55,26860,3953],{"class":65},[55,26862,26863],{"class":3956},"  # missing\n",[55,26865,26866,26868,26870,26872,26874],{"class":57,"line":582},[55,26867,62],{"class":61},[55,26869,66],{"class":65},[55,26871,9241],{"class":318},[55,26873,3953],{"class":65},[55,26875,26876],{"class":3956},"     # {'b': 20}\n",[14,26878,26879,26880,6906],{},"If you only want to read a value without removing it, use ",[294,26881,26882],{"href":10775},[18,26883,26884],{},"dict.get()",[41,26886,5247,26888],{"id":26887},"when-to-use-pop",[18,26889,12807],{},[14,26891,212,26892,10640],{},[18,26893,12807],{},[240,26895,26896,26899,26902],{},[243,26897,26898],{},"You want to remove a key and keep its value",[243,26900,26901],{},"You are processing dictionary data step by step",[243,26903,26904],{},"You are cleaning or extracting values from a dictionary",[14,26906,358],{},[46,26908,26910],{"className":48,"code":26909,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"product = {\"name\": \"Laptop\", \"price\": 1200, \"discount\": 200}\n\ndiscount_amount = product.pop(\"discount\", 0)\n\nfinal_price = product[\"price\"] - discount_amount\n\nprint(discount_amount)  # 200\nprint(final_price)      # 1000\nprint(product)          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[18,26911,26912,26964,26968,26995,26999,27023,27027,27041,27055],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,26913,26914,26916,26918,26920,26922,26924,26926,26928,26930,26933,26935,26937,26939,26941,26943,26945,26948,26950,26952,26955,26957,26959,26962],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,26915,25177],{"class":902},[55,26917,906],{"class":703},[55,26919,10529],{"class":65},[55,26921,126],{"class":109},[55,26923,785],{"class":129},[55,26925,126],{"class":109},[55,26927,790],{"class":65},[55,26929,793],{"class":109},[55,26931,26932],{"class":129},"Laptop",[55,26934,126],{"class":109},[55,26936,163],{"class":65},[55,26938,793],{"class":109},[55,26940,25203],{"class":129},[55,26942,126],{"class":109},[55,26944,790],{"class":65},[55,26946,26947],{"class":75}," 1200",[55,26949,163],{"class":65},[55,26951,793],{"class":109},[55,26953,26954],{"class":129},"discount",[55,26956,126],{"class":109},[55,26958,790],{"class":65},[55,26960,26961],{"class":75}," 200",[55,26963,9346],{"class":65},[55,26965,26966],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,26967,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,26969,26970,26973,26975,26977,26979,26981,26983,26985,26987,26989,26991,26993],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,26971,26972],{"class":902},"discount_amount ",[55,26974,906],{"class":703},[55,26976,25255],{"class":902},[55,26978,29],{"class":65},[55,26980,26295],{"class":318},[55,26982,66],{"class":65},[55,26984,126],{"class":109},[55,26986,26954],{"class":129},[55,26988,126],{"class":109},[55,26990,163],{"class":65},[55,26992,4121],{"class":75},[55,26994,322],{"class":65},[55,26996,26997],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,26998,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,27000,27001,27004,27006,27008,27010,27012,27014,27016,27018,27020],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,27002,27003],{"class":902},"final_price ",[55,27005,906],{"class":703},[55,27007,25255],{"class":902},[55,27009,4186],{"class":65},[55,27011,126],{"class":109},[55,27013,25203],{"class":129},[55,27015,126],{"class":109},[55,27017,13319],{"class":65},[55,27019,2526],{"class":703},[55,27021,27022],{"class":902}," discount_amount\n",[55,27024,27025],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,27026,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,27028,27029,27031,27033,27036,27038],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,27030,62],{"class":61},[55,27032,66],{"class":65},[55,27034,27035],{"class":318},"discount_amount",[55,27037,3953],{"class":65},[55,27039,27040],{"class":3956},"  # 200\n",[55,27042,27043,27045,27047,27050,27052],{"class":57,"line":582},[55,27044,62],{"class":61},[55,27046,66],{"class":65},[55,27048,27049],{"class":318},"final_price",[55,27051,3953],{"class":65},[55,27053,27054],{"class":3956},"      # 1000\n",[55,27056,27057,27059,27061,27064,27066],{"class":57,"line":6706},[55,27058,62],{"class":61},[55,27060,66],{"class":65},[55,27062,27063],{"class":318},"product",[55,27065,3953],{"class":65},[55,27067,27068],{"class":3956},"          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[14,27070,27071],{},"This is helpful when you want to take one piece of data out and then continue working with the remaining dictionary.",[41,27073,27075,10624,27077],{"id":27074},"pop-vs-del",[18,27076,12807],{},[18,27078,27079],{},"del",[14,27081,10629,27082,4679,27084,27086],{},[18,27083,12807],{},[18,27085,27079],{}," can remove a key from a dictionary, but they are not the same.",[889,27088,212,27090,27092],{"id":27089},"use-pop-when-you-need-the-removed-value",[18,27091,12807],{}," when you need the removed value",[46,27094,27096],{"className":48,"code":27095,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nage = person.pop(\"age\")\n\nprint(age)     # 25\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[18,27097,27098,27134,27138,27160,27164,27177],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,27099,27100,27102,27104,27106,27108,27110,27112,27114,27116,27118,27120,27122,27124,27126,27128,27130,27132],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,27101,13250],{"class":902},[55,27103,906],{"class":703},[55,27105,10529],{"class":65},[55,27107,126],{"class":109},[55,27109,785],{"class":129},[55,27111,126],{"class":109},[55,27113,790],{"class":65},[55,27115,793],{"class":109},[55,27117,12925],{"class":129},[55,27119,126],{"class":109},[55,27121,163],{"class":65},[55,27123,793],{"class":109},[55,27125,9336],{"class":129},[55,27127,126],{"class":109},[55,27129,790],{"class":65},[55,27131,9343],{"class":75},[55,27133,9346],{"class":65},[55,27135,27136],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,27137,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,27139,27140,27142,27144,27146,27148,27150,27152,27154,27156,27158],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,27141,21680],{"class":902},[55,27143,906],{"class":703},[55,27145,13293],{"class":902},[55,27147,29],{"class":65},[55,27149,26295],{"class":318},[55,27151,66],{"class":65},[55,27153,126],{"class":109},[55,27155,9336],{"class":129},[55,27157,126],{"class":109},[55,27159,322],{"class":65},[55,27161,27162],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,27163,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,27165,27166,27168,27170,27172,27174],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,27167,62],{"class":61},[55,27169,66],{"class":65},[55,27171,9336],{"class":318},[55,27173,3953],{"class":65},[55,27175,27176],{"class":3956},"     # 25\n",[55,27178,27179,27181,27183,27185,27187],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,27180,62],{"class":61},[55,27182,66],{"class":65},[55,27184,17356],{"class":318},[55,27186,3953],{"class":65},[55,27188,27189],{"class":3956},"  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[889,27191,212,27193,27195],{"id":27192},"use-del-when-you-only-want-deletion",[18,27194,27079],{}," when you only want deletion",[46,27197,27199],{"className":48,"code":27198,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\ndel person[\"age\"]\n\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[18,27200,27201,27237,27241,27257,27261],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,27202,27203,27205,27207,27209,27211,27213,27215,27217,27219,27221,27223,27225,27227,27229,27231,27233,27235],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,27204,13250],{"class":902},[55,27206,906],{"class":703},[55,27208,10529],{"class":65},[55,27210,126],{"class":109},[55,27212,785],{"class":129},[55,27214,126],{"class":109},[55,27216,790],{"class":65},[55,27218,793],{"class":109},[55,27220,12925],{"class":129},[55,27222,126],{"class":109},[55,27224,163],{"class":65},[55,27226,793],{"class":109},[55,27228,9336],{"class":129},[55,27230,126],{"class":109},[55,27232,790],{"class":65},[55,27234,9343],{"class":75},[55,27236,9346],{"class":65},[55,27238,27239],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,27240,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,27242,27243,27245,27247,27249,27251,27253,27255],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,27244,27079],{"class":1193},[55,27246,13293],{"class":902},[55,27248,4186],{"class":65},[55,27250,126],{"class":109},[55,27252,9336],{"class":129},[55,27254,126],{"class":109},[55,27256,924],{"class":65},[55,27258,27259],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,27260,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,27262,27263,27265,27267,27269,27271],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,27264,62],{"class":61},[55,27266,66],{"class":65},[55,27268,17356],{"class":318},[55,27270,3953],{"class":65},[55,27272,27189],{"class":3956},[14,27274,27275],{},"Difference:",[240,27277,27278,27283],{},[243,27279,27280,27282],{},[18,27281,12807],{}," removes a key and returns its value",[243,27284,27285,27287],{},[18,27286,27079],{}," removes a key but does not return the value",[14,27289,27290,27291,29],{},"If your goal is simply to remove a key, see ",[294,27292,12618],{"href":12617},[41,27294,27296,27297],{"id":27295},"how-to-avoid-keyerror","How to avoid ",[18,27298,19738],{},[14,27300,27301],{},"A common beginner problem is trying to remove a key that does not exist.",[889,27303,27305],{"id":27304},"option-1-use-a-default-value","Option 1: Use a default value",[46,27307,27309],{"className":48,"code":27308,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.pop(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[18,27310,27311,27336,27340,27366,27370,27382],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,27312,27313,27315,27317,27319,27321,27323,27325,27327,27329,27332,27334],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,27314,11767],{"class":902},[55,27316,906],{"class":703},[55,27318,10529],{"class":65},[55,27320,126],{"class":109},[55,27322,785],{"class":129},[55,27324,126],{"class":109},[55,27326,790],{"class":65},[55,27328,793],{"class":109},[55,27330,27331],{"class":129},"Sara",[55,27333,126],{"class":109},[55,27335,9346],{"class":65},[55,27337,27338],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,27339,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,27341,27342,27344,27346,27348,27350,27352,27354,27356,27358,27360,27362,27364],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,27343,1654],{"class":902},[55,27345,906],{"class":703},[55,27347,11809],{"class":902},[55,27349,29],{"class":65},[55,27351,26295],{"class":318},[55,27353,66],{"class":65},[55,27355,126],{"class":109},[55,27357,9336],{"class":129},[55,27359,126],{"class":109},[55,27361,163],{"class":65},[55,27363,4139],{"class":187},[55,27365,322],{"class":65},[55,27367,27368],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,27369,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,27371,27372,27374,27376,27378,27380],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,27373,62],{"class":61},[55,27375,66],{"class":65},[55,27377,319],{"class":318},[55,27379,3953],{"class":65},[55,27381,20612],{"class":3956},[55,27383,27384,27386,27388,27390,27392],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,27385,62],{"class":61},[55,27387,66],{"class":65},[55,27389,11491],{"class":318},[55,27391,3953],{"class":65},[55,27393,27394],{"class":3956}," # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[14,27396,27397],{},"This is the safest and shortest option.",[889,27399,27401],{"id":27400},"option-2-check-first","Option 2: Check first",[46,27403,27405],{"className":48,"code":27404,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nif \"age\" in my_dict:\n    value = my_dict.pop(\"age\")\n    print(value)\nelse:\n    print(\"Key not found\")\n",[18,27406,27407,27431,27435,27451,27474,27484,27491],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,27408,27409,27411,27413,27415,27417,27419,27421,27423,27425,27427,27429],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,27410,11767],{"class":902},[55,27412,906],{"class":703},[55,27414,10529],{"class":65},[55,27416,126],{"class":109},[55,27418,785],{"class":129},[55,27420,126],{"class":109},[55,27422,790],{"class":65},[55,27424,793],{"class":109},[55,27426,27331],{"class":129},[55,27428,126],{"class":109},[55,27430,9346],{"class":65},[55,27432,27433],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,27434,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,27436,27437,27439,27441,27443,27445,27447,27449],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,27438,38],{"class":1193},[55,27440,793],{"class":109},[55,27442,9336],{"class":129},[55,27444,126],{"class":109},[55,27446,21225],{"class":703},[55,27448,11809],{"class":902},[55,27450,1199],{"class":65},[55,27452,27453,27456,27458,27460,27462,27464,27466,27468,27470,27472],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,27454,27455],{"class":902},"    value ",[55,27457,906],{"class":703},[55,27459,11809],{"class":902},[55,27461,29],{"class":65},[55,27463,26295],{"class":318},[55,27465,66],{"class":65},[55,27467,126],{"class":109},[55,27469,9336],{"class":129},[55,27471,126],{"class":109},[55,27473,322],{"class":65},[55,27475,27476,27478,27480,27482],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,27477,1204],{"class":61},[55,27479,66],{"class":65},[55,27481,319],{"class":318},[55,27483,322],{"class":65},[55,27485,27486,27489],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,27487,27488],{"class":1193},"else",[55,27490,1199],{"class":65},[55,27492,27493,27495,27497,27499,27502,27504],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,27494,1204],{"class":61},[55,27496,66],{"class":65},[55,27498,126],{"class":109},[55,27500,27501],{"class":129},"Key not found",[55,27503,126],{"class":109},[55,27505,322],{"class":65},[889,27507,27509,27510,27512],{"id":27508},"option-3-use-get-if-you-do-not-want-to-remove-anything","Option 3: Use ",[18,27511,10779],{}," if you do not want to remove anything",[46,27514,27516],{"className":48,"code":27515,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.get(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[18,27517,27518,27542,27546,27572,27576,27588],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,27519,27520,27522,27524,27526,27528,27530,27532,27534,27536,27538,27540],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,27521,11767],{"class":902},[55,27523,906],{"class":703},[55,27525,10529],{"class":65},[55,27527,126],{"class":109},[55,27529,785],{"class":129},[55,27531,126],{"class":109},[55,27533,790],{"class":65},[55,27535,793],{"class":109},[55,27537,27331],{"class":129},[55,27539,126],{"class":109},[55,27541,9346],{"class":65},[55,27543,27544],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,27545,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,27547,27548,27550,27552,27554,27556,27558,27560,27562,27564,27566,27568,27570],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,27549,1654],{"class":902},[55,27551,906],{"class":703},[55,27553,11809],{"class":902},[55,27555,29],{"class":65},[55,27557,19801],{"class":318},[55,27559,66],{"class":65},[55,27561,126],{"class":109},[55,27563,9336],{"class":129},[55,27565,126],{"class":109},[55,27567,163],{"class":65},[55,27569,4139],{"class":187},[55,27571,322],{"class":65},[55,27573,27574],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,27575,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,27577,27578,27580,27582,27584,27586],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,27579,62],{"class":61},[55,27581,66],{"class":65},[55,27583,319],{"class":318},[55,27585,3953],{"class":65},[55,27587,20612],{"class":3956},[55,27589,27590,27592,27594,27596,27598],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,27591,62],{"class":61},[55,27593,66],{"class":65},[55,27595,11491],{"class":318},[55,27597,3953],{"class":65},[55,27599,27394],{"class":3956},[14,27601,212,27602,27606,27607,29],{},[294,27603,27604],{"href":10775},[18,27605,26884],{}," when you only need to read a value. If you are seeing this error already, read ",[294,27608,11303],{"href":11114},[41,27610,4803],{"id":4802},[14,27612,27613,27614,29],{},"Here are some mistakes that happen often with ",[18,27615,12613],{},[889,27617,25828,27619,27621],{"id":27618},"thinking-pop-removes-by-position-like-a-list",[18,27620,12807],{}," removes by position like a list",[14,27623,27624],{},"Lists use indexes:",[46,27626,27628],{"className":48,"code":27627,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.pop(1))  # 20\n",[18,27629,27630,27650],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,27631,27632,27634,27636,27638,27640,27642,27644,27646,27648],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,27633,1168],{"class":902},[55,27635,906],{"class":703},[55,27637,909],{"class":65},[55,27639,376],{"class":75},[55,27641,163],{"class":65},[55,27643,916],{"class":75},[55,27645,163],{"class":65},[55,27647,921],{"class":75},[55,27649,924],{"class":65},[55,27651,27652,27654,27656,27658,27660,27662,27664,27666,27668],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,27653,62],{"class":61},[55,27655,66],{"class":65},[55,27657,332],{"class":318},[55,27659,29],{"class":65},[55,27661,26295],{"class":318},[55,27663,66],{"class":65},[55,27665,93],{"class":75},[55,27667,5645],{"class":65},[55,27669,27670],{"class":3956},"  # 20\n",[14,27672,27673],{},"Dictionaries use keys:",[46,27675,27677],{"className":48,"code":27676,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nprint(person.pop(\"age\"))  # 25\n",[18,27678,27679,27715],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,27680,27681,27683,27685,27687,27689,27691,27693,27695,27697,27699,27701,27703,27705,27707,27709,27711,27713],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,27682,13250],{"class":902},[55,27684,906],{"class":703},[55,27686,10529],{"class":65},[55,27688,126],{"class":109},[55,27690,785],{"class":129},[55,27692,126],{"class":109},[55,27694,790],{"class":65},[55,27696,793],{"class":109},[55,27698,12925],{"class":129},[55,27700,126],{"class":109},[55,27702,163],{"class":65},[55,27704,793],{"class":109},[55,27706,9336],{"class":129},[55,27708,126],{"class":109},[55,27710,790],{"class":65},[55,27712,9343],{"class":75},[55,27714,9346],{"class":65},[55,27716,27717,27719,27721,27723,27725,27727,27729,27731,27733,27735,27737],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,27718,62],{"class":61},[55,27720,66],{"class":65},[55,27722,17356],{"class":318},[55,27724,29],{"class":65},[55,27726,26295],{"class":318},[55,27728,66],{"class":65},[55,27730,126],{"class":109},[55,27732,9336],{"class":129},[55,27734,126],{"class":109},[55,27736,5645],{"class":65},[55,27738,27739],{"class":3956},"  # 25\n",[14,27741,27742,27743,27745,27746,27748],{},"A dictionary does ",[435,27744,4916],{}," use positions with ",[18,27747,12807],{},". It uses keys.",[889,27750,4989,27752,27754],{"id":27751},"forgetting-that-pop-changes-the-original-dictionary",[18,27753,12807],{}," changes the original dictionary",[46,27756,27758],{"className":48,"code":27757,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"x\")\n\nprint(value)  # 1\nprint(data)   # {'y': 2}\n",[18,27759,27760,27792,27796,27818,27822,27835],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,27761,27762,27764,27766,27768,27770,27772,27774,27776,27778,27780,27782,27784,27786,27788,27790],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,27763,9202],{"class":902},[55,27765,906],{"class":703},[55,27767,10529],{"class":65},[55,27769,126],{"class":109},[55,27771,2477],{"class":129},[55,27773,126],{"class":109},[55,27775,790],{"class":65},[55,27777,5782],{"class":75},[55,27779,163],{"class":65},[55,27781,793],{"class":109},[55,27783,11788],{"class":129},[55,27785,126],{"class":109},[55,27787,790],{"class":65},[55,27789,166],{"class":75},[55,27791,9346],{"class":65},[55,27793,27794],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,27795,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,27797,27798,27800,27802,27804,27806,27808,27810,27812,27814,27816],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,27799,1654],{"class":902},[55,27801,906],{"class":703},[55,27803,14613],{"class":902},[55,27805,29],{"class":65},[55,27807,26295],{"class":318},[55,27809,66],{"class":65},[55,27811,126],{"class":109},[55,27813,2477],{"class":129},[55,27815,126],{"class":109},[55,27817,322],{"class":65},[55,27819,27820],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,27821,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,27823,27824,27826,27828,27830,27832],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,27825,62],{"class":61},[55,27827,66],{"class":65},[55,27829,319],{"class":318},[55,27831,3953],{"class":65},[55,27833,27834],{"class":3956},"  # 1\n",[55,27836,27837,27839,27841,27843,27845],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,27838,62],{"class":61},[55,27840,66],{"class":65},[55,27842,9241],{"class":318},[55,27844,3953],{"class":65},[55,27846,27847],{"class":3956},"   # {'y': 2}\n",[14,27849,27850,27851,27853],{},"After ",[18,27852,12807],{},", the key is gone from the same dictionary object.",[889,27855,1556,27857,27859],{"id":27856},"using-pop-on-a-missing-key-without-a-default-value",[18,27858,12807],{}," on a missing key without a default value",[46,27861,27863],{"className":48,"code":27862,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\n# This causes an error\n# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[18,27864,27865,27889,27893,27898],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,27866,27867,27869,27871,27873,27875,27877,27879,27881,27883,27885,27887],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,27868,9202],{"class":902},[55,27870,906],{"class":703},[55,27872,10529],{"class":65},[55,27874,126],{"class":109},[55,27876,785],{"class":129},[55,27878,126],{"class":109},[55,27880,790],{"class":65},[55,27882,793],{"class":109},[55,27884,1049],{"class":129},[55,27886,126],{"class":109},[55,27888,9346],{"class":65},[55,27890,27891],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,27892,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,27894,27895],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,27896,27897],{"class":3956},"# This causes an error\n",[55,27899,27900],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,27901,27902],{"class":3956},"# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[14,27904,27905],{},"Safer version:",[46,27907,27909],{"className":48,"code":27908,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(\"age\", \"missing\"))  # missing\n",[18,27910,27911,27935,27939],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,27912,27913,27915,27917,27919,27921,27923,27925,27927,27929,27931,27933],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,27914,9202],{"class":902},[55,27916,906],{"class":703},[55,27918,10529],{"class":65},[55,27920,126],{"class":109},[55,27922,785],{"class":129},[55,27924,126],{"class":109},[55,27926,790],{"class":65},[55,27928,793],{"class":109},[55,27930,1049],{"class":129},[55,27932,126],{"class":109},[55,27934,9346],{"class":65},[55,27936,27937],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,27938,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,27940,27941,27943,27945,27947,27949,27951,27953,27955,27957,27959,27961,27963,27965,27967,27969],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,27942,62],{"class":61},[55,27944,66],{"class":65},[55,27946,9241],{"class":318},[55,27948,29],{"class":65},[55,27950,26295],{"class":318},[55,27952,66],{"class":65},[55,27954,126],{"class":109},[55,27956,9336],{"class":129},[55,27958,126],{"class":109},[55,27960,163],{"class":65},[55,27962,793],{"class":109},[55,27964,26827],{"class":129},[55,27966,126],{"class":109},[55,27968,5645],{"class":65},[55,27970,26863],{"class":3956},[889,27972,1595,27974,27976],{"id":27973},"expecting-pop-to-return-the-whole-dictionary",[18,27975,12807],{}," to return the whole dictionary",[46,27978,27980],{"className":48,"code":27979,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nresult = data.pop(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 1\nprint(data)    # {'b': 2}\n",[18,27981,27982,28014,28018,28040,28044,28056],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,27983,27984,27986,27988,27990,27992,27994,27996,27998,28000,28002,28004,28006,28008,28010,28012],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,27985,9202],{"class":902},[55,27987,906],{"class":703},[55,27989,10529],{"class":65},[55,27991,126],{"class":109},[55,27993,294],{"class":129},[55,27995,126],{"class":109},[55,27997,790],{"class":65},[55,27999,5782],{"class":75},[55,28001,163],{"class":65},[55,28003,793],{"class":109},[55,28005,5046],{"class":129},[55,28007,126],{"class":109},[55,28009,790],{"class":65},[55,28011,166],{"class":75},[55,28013,9346],{"class":65},[55,28015,28016],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,28017,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,28019,28020,28022,28024,28026,28028,28030,28032,28034,28036,28038],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,28021,2534],{"class":902},[55,28023,906],{"class":703},[55,28025,14613],{"class":902},[55,28027,29],{"class":65},[55,28029,26295],{"class":318},[55,28031,66],{"class":65},[55,28033,126],{"class":109},[55,28035,294],{"class":129},[55,28037,126],{"class":109},[55,28039,322],{"class":65},[55,28041,28042],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,28043,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,28045,28046,28048,28050,28052,28054],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,28047,62],{"class":61},[55,28049,66],{"class":65},[55,28051,2569],{"class":318},[55,28053,3953],{"class":65},[55,28055,27834],{"class":3956},[55,28057,28058,28060,28062,28064,28066],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,28059,62],{"class":61},[55,28061,66],{"class":65},[55,28063,9241],{"class":318},[55,28065,3953],{"class":65},[55,28067,28068],{"class":3956},"    # {'b': 2}\n",[14,28070,28071],{},"The return value is the removed value, not the updated dictionary.",[41,28073,28075],{"id":28074},"common-causes-of-problems","Common causes of problems",[14,28077,28078,28079,28081],{},"Problems with ",[18,28080,12613],{}," often happen because of one of these reasons:",[240,28083,28084,28087,28096,28099],{},[243,28085,28086],{},"Using a key that does not exist in the dictionary",[243,28088,28089,28090,28093,28094],{},"Mixing up list ",[18,28091,28092],{},"pop(index)"," with dictionary ",[18,28095,26391],{},[243,28097,28098],{},"Removing data that is still needed later in the code",[243,28100,28101,28102,11132,28104],{},"Using the wrong key type, such as ",[18,28103,93],{},[18,28105,28106],{},"\"1\"",[14,28108,28109],{},"Example of wrong key type:",[46,28111,28113],{"className":48,"code":28112,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {\"1\": \"one\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(1, \"not found\"))    # not found\nprint(data.pop(\"1\", \"not found\"))  # one\n",[18,28114,28115,28139,28143,28173],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,28116,28117,28119,28121,28123,28125,28127,28129,28131,28133,28135,28137],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,28118,9202],{"class":902},[55,28120,906],{"class":703},[55,28122,10529],{"class":65},[55,28124,126],{"class":109},[55,28126,93],{"class":129},[55,28128,126],{"class":109},[55,28130,790],{"class":65},[55,28132,793],{"class":109},[55,28134,6860],{"class":129},[55,28136,126],{"class":109},[55,28138,9346],{"class":65},[55,28140,28141],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,28142,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,28144,28145,28147,28149,28151,28153,28155,28157,28159,28161,28163,28166,28168,28170],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,28146,62],{"class":61},[55,28148,66],{"class":65},[55,28150,9241],{"class":318},[55,28152,29],{"class":65},[55,28154,26295],{"class":318},[55,28156,66],{"class":65},[55,28158,93],{"class":75},[55,28160,163],{"class":65},[55,28162,793],{"class":109},[55,28164,28165],{"class":129},"not found",[55,28167,126],{"class":109},[55,28169,5645],{"class":65},[55,28171,28172],{"class":3956},"    # not found\n",[55,28174,28175,28177,28179,28181,28183,28185,28187,28189,28191,28193,28195,28197,28199,28201,28203],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,28176,62],{"class":61},[55,28178,66],{"class":65},[55,28180,9241],{"class":318},[55,28182,29],{"class":65},[55,28184,26295],{"class":318},[55,28186,66],{"class":65},[55,28188,126],{"class":109},[55,28190,93],{"class":129},[55,28192,126],{"class":109},[55,28194,163],{"class":65},[55,28196,793],{"class":109},[55,28198,28165],{"class":129},[55,28200,126],{"class":109},[55,28202,5645],{"class":65},[55,28204,28205],{"class":3956},"  # one\n",[14,28207,28208,4679,28210,28212],{},[18,28209,93],{},[18,28211,28106],{}," are different keys.",[41,28214,2026],{"id":2025},[14,28216,2029,28217,28219],{},[18,28218,12807],{}," is not working the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[46,28221,28223],{"className":48,"code":28222,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[18,28224,28225,28235,28249,28267,28297],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,28226,28227,28229,28231,28233],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,28228,62],{"class":61},[55,28230,66],{"class":65},[55,28232,11491],{"class":318},[55,28234,322],{"class":65},[55,28236,28237,28239,28241,28243,28245,28247],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,28238,62],{"class":61},[55,28240,66],{"class":65},[55,28242,11491],{"class":318},[55,28244,29],{"class":65},[55,28246,16972],{"class":318},[55,28248,278],{"class":65},[55,28250,28251,28253,28255,28257,28259,28261,28263,28265],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,28252,62],{"class":61},[55,28254,66],{"class":65},[55,28256,1923],{"class":109},[55,28258,785],{"class":129},[55,28260,1923],{"class":109},[55,28262,21225],{"class":1193},[55,28264,11809],{"class":318},[55,28266,322],{"class":65},[55,28268,28269,28271,28273,28275,28277,28279,28281,28283,28285,28287,28289,28291,28293,28295],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,28270,62],{"class":61},[55,28272,66],{"class":65},[55,28274,11491],{"class":318},[55,28276,29],{"class":65},[55,28278,26295],{"class":318},[55,28280,66],{"class":65},[55,28282,1923],{"class":109},[55,28284,785],{"class":129},[55,28286,1923],{"class":109},[55,28288,163],{"class":65},[55,28290,1918],{"class":109},[55,28292,26827],{"class":129},[55,28294,1923],{"class":109},[55,28296,79],{"class":65},[55,28298,28299,28301,28303,28305,28307,28309],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,28300,62],{"class":61},[55,28302,66],{"class":65},[55,28304,1879],{"class":69},[55,28306,66],{"class":65},[55,28308,11491],{"class":318},[55,28310,79],{"class":65},[14,28312,21388],{},[240,28314,28315,28320,28325,28330,28336],{},[243,28316,28317,28319],{},[18,28318,12723],{}," shows the current dictionary contents",[243,28321,28322,28324],{},[18,28323,21400],{}," shows all available keys",[243,28326,28327,28329],{},[18,28328,21406],{}," checks whether a key exists",[243,28331,28332,28335],{},[18,28333,28334],{},"print(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))"," tests safe removal",[243,28337,28338,28340],{},[18,28339,12729],{}," confirms that the object is really a dictionary",[14,28342,28343,28344,29],{},"If you need to understand dictionary basics first, see ",[294,28345,9429],{"href":9428},[41,28347,2139],{"id":2138},[889,28349,28351,28352,28354],{"id":28350},"does-dictionary-pop-return-the-key-or-the-value","Does dictionary ",[18,28353,12807],{}," return the key or the value?",[14,28356,28357],{},"It returns the value for the removed key.",[889,28359,28361],{"id":28360},"what-happens-if-the-key-does-not-exist","What happens if the key does not exist?",[14,28363,28364,26592,28366,28368,28369,28371],{},[18,28365,26391],{},[18,28367,19738],{},". ",[18,28370,26395],{}," returns the default value instead.",[889,28373,12748,28375,14943],{"id":28374},"does-pop-change-the-original-dictionary",[18,28376,12807],{},[14,28378,28379],{},"Yes. It removes the key from the existing dictionary.",[889,28381,28383,28384,28386],{"id":28382},"can-i-use-pop-to-remove-the-last-item-in-a-dictionary","Can I use ",[18,28385,12807],{}," to remove the last item in a dictionary?",[14,28388,28389,28390,28392,28393,29],{},"Not with ",[18,28391,12613],{},". To remove the last inserted key-value pair, use ",[294,28394,28395],{"href":12624},[18,28396,12814],{},[889,28398,5466,28400,4679,28402,2794],{"id":28399},"what-is-the-difference-between-get-and-pop",[18,28401,10779],{},[18,28403,12807],{},[14,28405,28406,28408,28409,28411],{},[18,28407,10779],{}," reads a value without removing it. ",[18,28410,12807],{}," reads and removes it.",[41,28413,2193],{"id":2192},[240,28415,28416,28422,28429,28433,28437,28441],{},[243,28417,28418],{},[294,28419,28420],{"href":10775},[18,28421,19719],{},[243,28423,28424],{},[294,28425,28426],{"href":12624},[18,28427,28428],{},"Python Dictionary popitem() Method",[243,28430,28431],{},[294,28432,12831],{"href":12617},[243,28434,28435],{},[294,28436,21509],{"href":16645},[243,28438,28439],{},[294,28440,11303],{"href":11114},[243,28442,28443],{},[294,28444,28446],{"href":28445},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-key-not-found-in-dictionary-fix\u002F","KeyError: key not found in dictionary fix",[2226,28448,28449],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":28451},[28452,28453,28455,28456,28457,28459,28466,28473,28483,28484,28485,28496],{"id":43,"depth":82,"text":44},{"id":26402,"depth":82,"text":28454},"What dict.pop() does",{"id":2459,"depth":82,"text":2460},{"id":17467,"depth":82,"text":17468},{"id":26887,"depth":82,"text":28458},"When to use pop()",{"id":27074,"depth":82,"text":28460,"children":28461},"pop() vs del",[28462,28464],{"id":27089,"depth":98,"text":28463},"Use pop() when you need the removed value",{"id":27192,"depth":98,"text":28465},"Use del when you only want deletion",{"id":27295,"depth":82,"text":28467,"children":28468},"How to avoid KeyError",[28469,28470,28471],{"id":27304,"depth":98,"text":27305},{"id":27400,"depth":98,"text":27401},{"id":27508,"depth":98,"text":28472},"Option 3: Use get() if you do not want to remove anything",{"id":4802,"depth":82,"text":4803,"children":28474},[28475,28477,28479,28481],{"id":27618,"depth":98,"text":28476},"Thinking pop() removes by position like a list",{"id":27751,"depth":98,"text":28478},"Forgetting that pop() changes the original dictionary",{"id":27856,"depth":98,"text":28480},"Using pop() on a missing key without a default value",{"id":27973,"depth":98,"text":28482},"Expecting pop() to return the whole dictionary",{"id":28074,"depth":82,"text":28075},{"id":2025,"depth":82,"text":2026},{"id":2138,"depth":82,"text":2139,"children":28486},[28487,28489,28490,28492,28494],{"id":28350,"depth":98,"text":28488},"Does dictionary pop() return the key or the value?",{"id":28360,"depth":98,"text":28361},{"id":28374,"depth":98,"text":28491},"Does pop() change the original dictionary?",{"id":28382,"depth":98,"text":28493},"Can I use pop() to remove the last item in a dictionary?",{"id":28399,"depth":98,"text":28495},"What is the difference between get() and pop()?",{"id":2192,"depth":82,"text":2193},"Master python dictionary pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method",{"title":26223,"description":28497},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method","covTbfNQY4fVAPAVxk1e0B4DZXBgW5sTT-L3t_ORUSI",{"id":28504,"title":28428,"body":28505,"description":30445,"extension":2267,"meta":30446,"navigation":1121,"path":30447,"seo":30448,"stem":30449,"__hash__":30450},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method.md",{"type":7,"value":28506,"toc":30409},[28507,28512,28517,28520,28528,28538,28540,28629,28633,28682,28687,28692,28696,28712,28715,28717,28732,28734,28750,28757,28761,28767,28776,28778,28847,28851,28872,28875,28894,28897,28920,28922,28925,29040,29044,29103,29110,29114,29120,29245,29249,29299,29302,29306,29313,29315,29378,29382,29403,29406,29415,29430,29438,29445,29449,29461,29465,29476,29478,29624,29628,29687,29694,29699,29703,29709,29732,29737,29756,29760,29831,29838,29911,29920,29925,29930,29941,29944,30081,30086,30118,30123,30125,30129,30189,30192,30249,30252,30295,30297,30302,30308,30314,30317,30324,30332,30337,30340,30347,30355,30357,30406],[10,28508,11359,28510,11363],{"id":28509},"python-dictionary-popitem-method",[18,28511,12814],{},[14,28513,16,28514,28516],{},[18,28515,12814],{}," method removes one item from a dictionary and returns it.",[14,28518,28519],{},"It is useful when you want to both:",[240,28521,28522,28525],{},[243,28523,28524],{},"remove an item",[243,28526,28527],{},"get that removed item at the same time",[14,28529,28530,28531,28533,28534,28537],{},"In modern Python, ",[18,28532,12814],{}," removes the ",[435,28535,28536],{},"last inserted key-value pair",". It also changes the original dictionary, so the item is no longer there after the method runs.",[41,28539,2308],{"id":2307},[46,28541,28543],{"className":48,"code":28542,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\nitem = data.popitem()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(data)\n",[18,28544,28545,28589,28605,28609,28619],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,28546,28547,28549,28551,28553,28555,28557,28559,28561,28563,28565,28567,28569,28571,28573,28575,28577,28579,28581,28583,28585,28587],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,28548,9202],{"class":902},[55,28550,906],{"class":703},[55,28552,10529],{"class":65},[55,28554,126],{"class":109},[55,28556,294],{"class":129},[55,28558,126],{"class":109},[55,28560,790],{"class":65},[55,28562,5782],{"class":75},[55,28564,163],{"class":65},[55,28566,793],{"class":109},[55,28568,5046],{"class":129},[55,28570,126],{"class":109},[55,28572,790],{"class":65},[55,28574,166],{"class":75},[55,28576,163],{"class":65},[55,28578,793],{"class":109},[55,28580,9777],{"class":129},[55,28582,126],{"class":109},[55,28584,790],{"class":65},[55,28586,171],{"class":75},[55,28588,9346],{"class":65},[55,28590,28591,28594,28596,28598,28600,28603],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,28592,28593],{"class":902},"item ",[55,28595,906],{"class":703},[55,28597,14613],{"class":902},[55,28599,29],{"class":65},[55,28601,28602],{"class":318},"popitem",[55,28604,1789],{"class":65},[55,28606,28607],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,28608,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,28610,28611,28613,28615,28617],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,28612,62],{"class":61},[55,28614,66],{"class":65},[55,28616,23363],{"class":318},[55,28618,322],{"class":65},[55,28620,28621,28623,28625,28627],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,28622,62],{"class":61},[55,28624,66],{"class":65},[55,28626,9241],{"class":318},[55,28628,322],{"class":65},[14,28630,28631],{},[435,28632,281],{},[46,28634,28636],{"className":48,"code":28635,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"('c', 3)\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[18,28637,28638,28654],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,28639,28640,28642,28644,28646,28648,28650,28652],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,28641,66],{"class":65},[55,28643,1923],{"class":109},[55,28645,9777],{"class":129},[55,28647,1923],{"class":109},[55,28649,163],{"class":65},[55,28651,171],{"class":75},[55,28653,322],{"class":65},[55,28655,28656,28658,28660,28662,28664,28666,28668,28670,28672,28674,28676,28678,28680],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,28657,9315],{"class":65},[55,28659,1923],{"class":109},[55,28661,294],{"class":129},[55,28663,1923],{"class":109},[55,28665,790],{"class":65},[55,28667,5782],{"class":75},[55,28669,163],{"class":65},[55,28671,1918],{"class":109},[55,28673,5046],{"class":129},[55,28675,1923],{"class":109},[55,28677,790],{"class":65},[55,28679,166],{"class":75},[55,28681,9346],{"class":65},[14,28683,28684,28686],{},[18,28685,12814],{}," removes and returns the last inserted key-value pair as a tuple.",[41,28688,3970,28690,3973],{"id":28689},"what-popitem-does",[18,28691,12814],{},[14,28693,28694,790],{},[18,28695,12814],{},[240,28697,28698,28701,28706,28709],{},[243,28699,28700],{},"removes one item from a dictionary",[243,28702,28703,28704],{},"returns the removed item as a tuple: ",[18,28705,21707],{},[243,28707,28708],{},"removes the last inserted item in modern Python",[243,28710,28711],{},"changes the original dictionary",[14,28713,28714],{},"This means the dictionary becomes smaller after you call it.",[41,28716,2460],{"id":2459},[46,28718,28720],{"className":48,"code":28719,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"dictionary.popitem()\n",[18,28721,28722],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,28723,28724,28726,28728,28730],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,28725,15652],{"class":902},[55,28727,29],{"class":65},[55,28729,28602],{"class":318},[55,28731,1789],{"class":65},[14,28733,11500],{},[240,28735,28736,28744,28747],{},[243,28737,28738,28740,28741],{},[18,28739,12814],{}," takes ",[435,28742,28743],{},"no arguments",[243,28745,28746],{},"it always returns a 2-item tuple",[243,28748,28749],{},"use the returned tuple if you need both the key and the value",[14,28751,28752,28753,6906],{},"If you want to remove a specific key, use ",[294,28754,28755],{"href":12610},[18,28756,12807],{},[41,28758,28760],{"id":28759},"what-gets-returned","What gets returned",[14,28762,28763,28764,28766],{},"The value returned by ",[18,28765,12814],{}," is a tuple with two parts:",[28768,28769,28770,28773],"ol",{},[243,28771,28772],{},"the key",[243,28774,28775],{},"the value",[14,28777,358],{},[46,28779,28781],{"className":48,"code":28780,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"person = {\"name\": \"Alice\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = person.popitem()\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,28782,28783,28819,28833,28837],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,28784,28785,28787,28789,28791,28793,28795,28797,28799,28801,28803,28805,28807,28809,28811,28813,28815,28817],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,28786,13250],{"class":902},[55,28788,906],{"class":703},[55,28790,10529],{"class":65},[55,28792,126],{"class":109},[55,28794,785],{"class":129},[55,28796,126],{"class":109},[55,28798,790],{"class":65},[55,28800,793],{"class":109},[55,28802,5290],{"class":129},[55,28804,126],{"class":109},[55,28806,163],{"class":65},[55,28808,793],{"class":109},[55,28810,9336],{"class":129},[55,28812,126],{"class":109},[55,28814,790],{"class":65},[55,28816,9343],{"class":75},[55,28818,9346],{"class":65},[55,28820,28821,28823,28825,28827,28829,28831],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,28822,2534],{"class":902},[55,28824,906],{"class":703},[55,28826,13293],{"class":902},[55,28828,29],{"class":65},[55,28830,28602],{"class":318},[55,28832,1789],{"class":65},[55,28834,28835],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,28836,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,28838,28839,28841,28843,28845],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,28840,62],{"class":61},[55,28842,66],{"class":65},[55,28844,2569],{"class":318},[55,28846,322],{"class":65},[14,28848,28849],{},[435,28850,281],{},[46,28852,28854],{"className":48,"code":28853,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"('age', 25)\n",[18,28855,28856],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,28857,28858,28860,28862,28864,28866,28868,28870],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,28859,66],{"class":65},[55,28861,1923],{"class":109},[55,28863,9336],{"class":129},[55,28865,1923],{"class":109},[55,28867,163],{"class":65},[55,28869,9343],{"class":75},[55,28871,322],{"class":65},[14,28873,28874],{},"You can store the result in one variable:",[46,28876,28878],{"className":48,"code":28877,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"result = person.popitem()\n",[18,28879,28880],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,28881,28882,28884,28886,28888,28890,28892],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,28883,2534],{"class":902},[55,28885,906],{"class":703},[55,28887,13293],{"class":902},[55,28889,29],{"class":65},[55,28891,28602],{"class":318},[55,28893,1789],{"class":65},[14,28895,28896],{},"Or unpack it into two variables:",[46,28898,28900],{"className":48,"code":28899,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"key, value = person.popitem()\n",[18,28901,28902],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,28903,28904,28906,28908,28910,28912,28914,28916,28918],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,28905,14888],{"class":902},[55,28907,163],{"class":65},[55,28909,21636],{"class":902},[55,28911,906],{"class":703},[55,28913,13293],{"class":902},[55,28915,29],{"class":65},[55,28917,28602],{"class":318},[55,28919,1789],{"class":65},[41,28921,11517],{"id":11516},[14,28923,28924],{},"Here is a basic example showing what gets removed and what remains in the dictionary:",[46,28926,28928],{"className":48,"code":28927,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"scores = {\"Tom\": 80, \"Ana\": 95, \"Leo\": 88}\n\nremoved_pair = scores.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_pair)\nprint(\"After removal:\", scores)\n",[18,28929,28930,28978,28982,28997,29001,29021],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,28931,28932,28934,28936,28938,28940,28943,28945,28947,28949,28951,28953,28955,28957,28959,28962,28964,28966,28969,28971,28973,28976],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,28933,5350],{"class":902},[55,28935,906],{"class":703},[55,28937,10529],{"class":65},[55,28939,126],{"class":109},[55,28941,28942],{"class":129},"Tom",[55,28944,126],{"class":109},[55,28946,790],{"class":65},[55,28948,5362],{"class":75},[55,28950,163],{"class":65},[55,28952,793],{"class":109},[55,28954,12925],{"class":129},[55,28956,126],{"class":109},[55,28958,790],{"class":65},[55,28960,28961],{"class":75}," 95",[55,28963,163],{"class":65},[55,28965,793],{"class":109},[55,28967,28968],{"class":129},"Leo",[55,28970,126],{"class":109},[55,28972,790],{"class":65},[55,28974,28975],{"class":75}," 88",[55,28977,9346],{"class":65},[55,28979,28980],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,28981,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,28983,28984,28987,28989,28991,28993,28995],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,28985,28986],{"class":902},"removed_pair ",[55,28988,906],{"class":703},[55,28990,5397],{"class":902},[55,28992,29],{"class":65},[55,28994,28602],{"class":318},[55,28996,1789],{"class":65},[55,28998,28999],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,29000,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,29002,29003,29005,29007,29009,29012,29014,29016,29019],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,29004,62],{"class":61},[55,29006,66],{"class":65},[55,29008,126],{"class":109},[55,29010,29011],{"class":129},"Removed:",[55,29013,126],{"class":109},[55,29015,163],{"class":65},[55,29017,29018],{"class":318}," removed_pair",[55,29020,322],{"class":65},[55,29022,29023,29025,29027,29029,29032,29034,29036,29038],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,29024,62],{"class":61},[55,29026,66],{"class":65},[55,29028,126],{"class":109},[55,29030,29031],{"class":129},"After removal:",[55,29033,126],{"class":109},[55,29035,163],{"class":65},[55,29037,5397],{"class":318},[55,29039,322],{"class":65},[14,29041,29042],{},[435,29043,281],{},[46,29045,29047],{"className":48,"code":29046,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Removed: ('Leo', 88)\nAfter removal: {'Tom': 80, 'Ana': 95}\n",[18,29048,29049,29070],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,29050,29051,29054,29056,29058,29060,29062,29064,29066,29068],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,29052,29053],{"class":902},"Removed",[55,29055,790],{"class":65},[55,29057,9273],{"class":65},[55,29059,1923],{"class":109},[55,29061,28968],{"class":129},[55,29063,1923],{"class":109},[55,29065,163],{"class":65},[55,29067,28975],{"class":75},[55,29069,322],{"class":65},[55,29071,29072,29075,29077,29079,29081,29083,29085,29087,29089,29091,29093,29095,29097,29099,29101],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,29073,29074],{"class":902},"After removal",[55,29076,790],{"class":65},[55,29078,10529],{"class":65},[55,29080,1923],{"class":109},[55,29082,28942],{"class":129},[55,29084,1923],{"class":109},[55,29086,790],{"class":65},[55,29088,5362],{"class":75},[55,29090,163],{"class":65},[55,29092,1918],{"class":109},[55,29094,12925],{"class":129},[55,29096,1923],{"class":109},[55,29098,790],{"class":65},[55,29100,28961],{"class":75},[55,29102,9346],{"class":65},[14,29104,29105,29106,29109],{},"The last inserted item was ",[18,29107,29108],{},"\"Leo\": 88",", so that is the pair that gets removed.",[41,29111,29113],{"id":29112},"using-tuple-unpacking","Using tuple unpacking",[14,29115,29116,29117,29119],{},"Because ",[18,29118,12814],{}," returns a tuple, tuple unpacking is often the easiest way to use it.",[46,29121,29123],{"className":48,"code":29122,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"book = {\"title\": \"Python Basics\", \"pages\": 200}\n\nkey, value = book.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Key:\", key)\nprint(\"Value:\", value)\nprint(\"Dictionary:\", book)\n",[18,29124,29125,29161,29165,29184,29188,29207,29226],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,29126,29127,29129,29131,29133,29135,29137,29139,29141,29143,29145,29147,29149,29151,29153,29155,29157,29159],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,29128,15495],{"class":902},[55,29130,906],{"class":703},[55,29132,10529],{"class":65},[55,29134,126],{"class":109},[55,29136,15506],{"class":129},[55,29138,126],{"class":109},[55,29140,790],{"class":65},[55,29142,793],{"class":109},[55,29144,15515],{"class":129},[55,29146,126],{"class":109},[55,29148,163],{"class":65},[55,29150,793],{"class":109},[55,29152,15526],{"class":129},[55,29154,126],{"class":109},[55,29156,790],{"class":65},[55,29158,26961],{"class":75},[55,29160,9346],{"class":65},[55,29162,29163],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,29164,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,29166,29167,29169,29171,29173,29175,29178,29180,29182],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,29168,14888],{"class":902},[55,29170,163],{"class":65},[55,29172,21636],{"class":902},[55,29174,906],{"class":703},[55,29176,29177],{"class":902}," book",[55,29179,29],{"class":65},[55,29181,28602],{"class":318},[55,29183,1789],{"class":65},[55,29185,29186],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,29187,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,29189,29190,29192,29194,29196,29199,29201,29203,29205],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,29191,62],{"class":61},[55,29193,66],{"class":65},[55,29195,126],{"class":109},[55,29197,29198],{"class":129},"Key:",[55,29200,126],{"class":109},[55,29202,163],{"class":65},[55,29204,21631],{"class":318},[55,29206,322],{"class":65},[55,29208,29209,29211,29213,29215,29218,29220,29222,29224],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,29210,62],{"class":61},[55,29212,66],{"class":65},[55,29214,126],{"class":109},[55,29216,29217],{"class":129},"Value:",[55,29219,126],{"class":109},[55,29221,163],{"class":65},[55,29223,1572],{"class":318},[55,29225,322],{"class":65},[55,29227,29228,29230,29232,29234,29237,29239,29241,29243],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,29229,62],{"class":61},[55,29231,66],{"class":65},[55,29233,126],{"class":109},[55,29235,29236],{"class":129},"Dictionary:",[55,29238,126],{"class":109},[55,29240,163],{"class":65},[55,29242,29177],{"class":318},[55,29244,322],{"class":65},[14,29246,29247],{},[435,29248,281],{},[46,29250,29252],{"className":48,"code":29251,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Key: pages\nValue: 200\nDictionary: {'title': 'Python Basics'}\n",[18,29253,29254,29264,29274],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,29255,29256,29259,29261],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,29257,29258],{"class":902},"Key",[55,29260,790],{"class":65},[55,29262,29263],{"class":902}," pages\n",[55,29265,29266,29269,29271],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,29267,29268],{"class":902},"Value",[55,29270,790],{"class":65},[55,29272,29273],{"class":75}," 200\n",[55,29275,29276,29279,29281,29283,29285,29287,29289,29291,29293,29295,29297],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,29277,29278],{"class":902},"Dictionary",[55,29280,790],{"class":65},[55,29282,10529],{"class":65},[55,29284,1923],{"class":109},[55,29286,15506],{"class":129},[55,29288,1923],{"class":109},[55,29290,790],{"class":65},[55,29292,1918],{"class":109},[55,29294,15515],{"class":129},[55,29296,1923],{"class":109},[55,29298,9346],{"class":65},[14,29300,29301],{},"This is useful when you want to process removed items one at a time.",[41,29303,29305],{"id":29304},"order-behavior","Order behavior",[14,29307,29308,29309,28533,29311,29],{},"In current Python versions, ",[18,29310,12814],{},[435,29312,28536],{},[14,29314,358],{},[46,29316,29318],{"className":48,"code":29317,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 3}\nprint(data.popitem())\n",[18,29319,29320,29364],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,29321,29322,29324,29326,29328,29330,29332,29334,29336,29338,29340,29342,29344,29346,29348,29350,29352,29354,29356,29358,29360,29362],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,29323,9202],{"class":902},[55,29325,906],{"class":703},[55,29327,10529],{"class":65},[55,29329,126],{"class":109},[55,29331,2477],{"class":129},[55,29333,126],{"class":109},[55,29335,790],{"class":65},[55,29337,5782],{"class":75},[55,29339,163],{"class":65},[55,29341,793],{"class":109},[55,29343,11788],{"class":129},[55,29345,126],{"class":109},[55,29347,790],{"class":65},[55,29349,166],{"class":75},[55,29351,163],{"class":65},[55,29353,793],{"class":109},[55,29355,22129],{"class":129},[55,29357,126],{"class":109},[55,29359,790],{"class":65},[55,29361,171],{"class":75},[55,29363,9346],{"class":65},[55,29365,29366,29368,29370,29372,29374,29376],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,29367,62],{"class":61},[55,29369,66],{"class":65},[55,29371,9241],{"class":318},[55,29373,29],{"class":65},[55,29375,28602],{"class":318},[55,29377,278],{"class":65},[14,29379,29380],{},[435,29381,281],{},[46,29383,29385],{"className":48,"code":29384,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"('z', 3)\n",[18,29386,29387],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,29388,29389,29391,29393,29395,29397,29399,29401],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,29390,66],{"class":65},[55,29392,1923],{"class":109},[55,29394,22129],{"class":129},[55,29396,1923],{"class":109},[55,29398,163],{"class":65},[55,29400,171],{"class":75},[55,29402,322],{"class":65},[14,29404,29405],{},"This matters because dictionaries keep insertion order in modern Python.",[14,29407,29408,29409,29411,29412,29414],{},"As a beginner, do ",[435,29410,4916],{}," think of ",[18,29413,12814],{}," as removing a random item. In current Python, it removes the most recently added one.",[14,29416,29417,29418,2493,29422,17121,29426,29],{},"If you want to inspect dictionary contents without removing anything, see ",[294,29419,29420],{"href":17124},[18,29421,17127],{},[294,29423,29424],{"href":17111},[18,29425,17114],{},[294,29427,29428],{"href":17117},[18,29429,17120],{},[41,29431,29433,29434,4679,29436],{"id":29432},"difference-between-popitem-and-pop","Difference between ",[18,29435,12814],{},[18,29437,12807],{},[14,29439,29440,4679,29442,29444],{},[18,29441,12814],{},[18,29443,12807],{}," both remove data from a dictionary, but they work differently.",[889,29446,29447],{"id":28602},[18,29448,12814],{},[240,29450,29451,29454,29457],{},[243,29452,29453],{},"removes the last inserted item automatically",[243,29455,29456],{},"does not need a key argument",[243,29458,3985,29459],{},[18,29460,21707],{},[889,29462,29463],{"id":26295},[18,29464,12807],{},[240,29466,29467,29470,29473],{},[243,29468,29469],{},"removes the item for a specific key",[243,29471,29472],{},"needs the key name",[243,29474,29475],{},"returns only the value",[14,29477,358],{},[46,29479,29481],{"className":48,"code":29480,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nitem = data.popitem()\nprint(\"popitem():\", item)\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"a\")\nprint(\"pop('a'):\", value)\n\nprint(data)\n",[18,29482,29483,29527,29531,29545,29565,29569,29591,29610,29614],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,29484,29485,29487,29489,29491,29493,29495,29497,29499,29501,29503,29505,29507,29509,29511,29513,29515,29517,29519,29521,29523,29525],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,29486,9202],{"class":902},[55,29488,906],{"class":703},[55,29490,10529],{"class":65},[55,29492,126],{"class":109},[55,29494,294],{"class":129},[55,29496,126],{"class":109},[55,29498,790],{"class":65},[55,29500,5782],{"class":75},[55,29502,163],{"class":65},[55,29504,793],{"class":109},[55,29506,5046],{"class":129},[55,29508,126],{"class":109},[55,29510,790],{"class":65},[55,29512,166],{"class":75},[55,29514,163],{"class":65},[55,29516,793],{"class":109},[55,29518,9777],{"class":129},[55,29520,126],{"class":109},[55,29522,790],{"class":65},[55,29524,171],{"class":75},[55,29526,9346],{"class":65},[55,29528,29529],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,29530,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,29532,29533,29535,29537,29539,29541,29543],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,29534,28593],{"class":902},[55,29536,906],{"class":703},[55,29538,14613],{"class":902},[55,29540,29],{"class":65},[55,29542,28602],{"class":318},[55,29544,1789],{"class":65},[55,29546,29547,29549,29551,29553,29556,29558,29560,29563],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,29548,62],{"class":61},[55,29550,66],{"class":65},[55,29552,126],{"class":109},[55,29554,29555],{"class":129},"popitem():",[55,29557,126],{"class":109},[55,29559,163],{"class":65},[55,29561,29562],{"class":318}," item",[55,29564,322],{"class":65},[55,29566,29567],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,29568,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,29570,29571,29573,29575,29577,29579,29581,29583,29585,29587,29589],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,29572,1654],{"class":902},[55,29574,906],{"class":703},[55,29576,14613],{"class":902},[55,29578,29],{"class":65},[55,29580,26295],{"class":318},[55,29582,66],{"class":65},[55,29584,126],{"class":109},[55,29586,294],{"class":129},[55,29588,126],{"class":109},[55,29590,322],{"class":65},[55,29592,29593,29595,29597,29599,29602,29604,29606,29608],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,29594,62],{"class":61},[55,29596,66],{"class":65},[55,29598,126],{"class":109},[55,29600,29601],{"class":129},"pop('a'):",[55,29603,126],{"class":109},[55,29605,163],{"class":65},[55,29607,1572],{"class":318},[55,29609,322],{"class":65},[55,29611,29612],{"class":57,"line":582},[55,29613,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,29615,29616,29618,29620,29622],{"class":57,"line":6706},[55,29617,62],{"class":61},[55,29619,66],{"class":65},[55,29621,9241],{"class":318},[55,29623,322],{"class":65},[14,29625,29626],{},[435,29627,281],{},[46,29629,29631],{"className":48,"code":29630,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"popitem(): ('c', 3)\npop('a'): 1\n{'b': 2}\n",[18,29632,29633,29654,29671],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,29634,29635,29637,29640,29642,29644,29646,29648,29650,29652],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,29636,28602],{"class":318},[55,29638,29639],{"class":65},"():",[55,29641,9273],{"class":65},[55,29643,1923],{"class":109},[55,29645,9777],{"class":129},[55,29647,1923],{"class":109},[55,29649,163],{"class":65},[55,29651,171],{"class":75},[55,29653,322],{"class":65},[55,29655,29656,29658,29660,29662,29664,29666,29668],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,29657,26295],{"class":318},[55,29659,66],{"class":65},[55,29661,1923],{"class":109},[55,29663,294],{"class":129},[55,29665,1923],{"class":109},[55,29667,16500],{"class":65},[55,29669,29670],{"class":75}," 1\n",[55,29672,29673,29675,29677,29679,29681,29683,29685],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,29674,9315],{"class":65},[55,29676,1923],{"class":109},[55,29678,5046],{"class":129},[55,29680,1923],{"class":109},[55,29682,790],{"class":65},[55,29684,166],{"class":75},[55,29686,9346],{"class":65},[14,29688,212,29689,29693],{},[294,29690,29691],{"href":12610},[18,29692,12807],{}," when you know the key.",[14,29695,212,29696,29698],{},[18,29697,12814],{}," when you want to remove one item without naming the key.",[41,29700,29702],{"id":29701},"what-happens-if-the-dictionary-is-empty","What happens if the dictionary is empty",[14,29704,29705,29706,29708],{},"Calling ",[18,29707,12814],{}," on an empty dictionary raises an error:",[46,29710,29712],{"className":48,"code":29711,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {}\ndata.popitem()\n",[18,29713,29714,29722],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,29715,29716,29718,29720],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,29717,9202],{"class":902},[55,29719,906],{"class":703},[55,29721,9876],{"class":65},[55,29723,29724,29726,29728,29730],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,29725,9241],{"class":902},[55,29727,29],{"class":65},[55,29729,28602],{"class":318},[55,29731,1789],{"class":65},[14,29733,29734],{},[435,29735,29736],{},"Error:",[46,29738,29740],{"className":48,"code":29739,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"KeyError: 'popitem(): dictionary is empty'\n",[18,29741,29742],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,29743,29744,29746,29748,29750,29753],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,29745,19738],{"class":69},[55,29747,790],{"class":65},[55,29749,1918],{"class":109},[55,29751,29752],{"class":129},"popitem(): dictionary is empty",[55,29754,29755],{"class":109},"'\n",[889,29757,29759],{"id":29758},"fix-1-check-that-the-dictionary-is-not-empty","Fix 1: Check that the dictionary is not empty",[46,29761,29763],{"className":48,"code":29762,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {}\n\nif data:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nelse:\n    print(\"Dictionary is empty\")\n",[18,29764,29765,29773,29777,29785,29800,29810,29816],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,29766,29767,29769,29771],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,29768,9202],{"class":902},[55,29770,906],{"class":703},[55,29772,9876],{"class":65},[55,29774,29775],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,29776,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,29778,29779,29781,29783],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,29780,38],{"class":1193},[55,29782,14613],{"class":902},[55,29784,1199],{"class":65},[55,29786,29787,29790,29792,29794,29796,29798],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,29788,29789],{"class":902},"    item ",[55,29791,906],{"class":703},[55,29793,14613],{"class":902},[55,29795,29],{"class":65},[55,29797,28602],{"class":318},[55,29799,1789],{"class":65},[55,29801,29802,29804,29806,29808],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,29803,1204],{"class":61},[55,29805,66],{"class":65},[55,29807,23363],{"class":318},[55,29809,322],{"class":65},[55,29811,29812,29814],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,29813,27488],{"class":1193},[55,29815,1199],{"class":65},[55,29817,29818,29820,29822,29824,29827,29829],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,29819,1204],{"class":61},[55,29821,66],{"class":65},[55,29823,126],{"class":109},[55,29825,29826],{"class":129},"Dictionary is empty",[55,29828,126],{"class":109},[55,29830,322],{"class":65},[889,29832,29834,29835],{"id":29833},"fix-2-use-try-except","Fix 2: Use ",[18,29836,29837],{},"try-except",[46,29839,29841],{"className":48,"code":29840,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {}\n\ntry:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary\")\n",[18,29842,29843,29851,29855,29862,29876,29886,29896],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,29844,29845,29847,29849],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,29846,9202],{"class":902},[55,29848,906],{"class":703},[55,29850,9876],{"class":65},[55,29852,29853],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,29854,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,29856,29857,29860],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,29858,29859],{"class":1193},"try",[55,29861,1199],{"class":65},[55,29863,29864,29866,29868,29870,29872,29874],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,29865,29789],{"class":902},[55,29867,906],{"class":703},[55,29869,14613],{"class":902},[55,29871,29],{"class":65},[55,29873,28602],{"class":318},[55,29875,1789],{"class":65},[55,29877,29878,29880,29882,29884],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,29879,1204],{"class":61},[55,29881,66],{"class":65},[55,29883,23363],{"class":318},[55,29885,322],{"class":65},[55,29887,29888,29891,29894],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,29889,29890],{"class":1193},"except",[55,29892,29893],{"class":69}," KeyError",[55,29895,1199],{"class":65},[55,29897,29898,29900,29902,29904,29907,29909],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,29899,1204],{"class":61},[55,29901,66],{"class":65},[55,29903,126],{"class":109},[55,29905,29906],{"class":129},"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary",[55,29908,126],{"class":109},[55,29910,322],{"class":65},[14,29912,29913,29914,29],{},"If you are troubleshooting this error, see ",[294,29915,25733,29917],{"href":29916},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-popitem-dictionary-is-empty-fix\u002F",[18,29918,29919],{},"KeyError: popitem(): dictionary is empty",[41,29921,5247,29923],{"id":29922},"when-to-use-popitem",[18,29924,12814],{},[14,29926,29927,29929],{},[18,29928,12814],{}," is useful when:",[240,29931,29932,29935,29938],{},[243,29933,29934],{},"you want to remove and get one item at the same time",[243,29936,29937],{},"you are processing items until a dictionary becomes empty",[243,29939,29940],{},"dictionary order matters in your program",[14,29942,29943],{},"Example of processing items until the dictionary is empty:",[46,29945,29947],{"className":48,"code":29946,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"tasks = {\n    \"first\": \"wash dishes\",\n    \"second\": \"do homework\",\n    \"third\": \"read book\"\n}\n\nwhile tasks:\n    key, value = tasks.popitem()\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[18,29948,29949,29958,29978,29998,30016,30020,30024,30034,30053],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,29950,29951,29954,29956],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,29952,29953],{"class":902},"tasks ",[55,29955,906],{"class":703},[55,29957,11535],{"class":65},[55,29959,29960,29962,29965,29967,29969,29971,29974,29976],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,29961,11540],{"class":109},[55,29963,29964],{"class":129},"first",[55,29966,126],{"class":109},[55,29968,790],{"class":65},[55,29970,793],{"class":109},[55,29972,29973],{"class":129},"wash dishes",[55,29975,126],{"class":109},[55,29977,11556],{"class":65},[55,29979,29980,29982,29985,29987,29989,29991,29994,29996],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,29981,11540],{"class":109},[55,29983,29984],{"class":129},"second",[55,29986,126],{"class":109},[55,29988,790],{"class":65},[55,29990,793],{"class":109},[55,29992,29993],{"class":129},"do homework",[55,29995,126],{"class":109},[55,29997,11556],{"class":65},[55,29999,30000,30002,30005,30007,30009,30011,30014],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,30001,11540],{"class":109},[55,30003,30004],{"class":129},"third",[55,30006,126],{"class":109},[55,30008,790],{"class":65},[55,30010,793],{"class":109},[55,30012,30013],{"class":129},"read book",[55,30015,1052],{"class":109},[55,30017,30018],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,30019,9346],{"class":65},[55,30021,30022],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,30023,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,30025,30026,30029,30032],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,30027,30028],{"class":1193},"while",[55,30030,30031],{"class":902}," tasks",[55,30033,1199],{"class":65},[55,30035,30036,30039,30041,30043,30045,30047,30049,30051],{"class":57,"line":582},[55,30037,30038],{"class":902},"    key",[55,30040,163],{"class":65},[55,30042,21636],{"class":902},[55,30044,906],{"class":703},[55,30046,30031],{"class":902},[55,30048,29],{"class":65},[55,30050,28602],{"class":318},[55,30052,1789],{"class":65},[55,30054,30055,30057,30059,30061,30063,30065,30067,30069,30071,30073,30075,30077,30079],{"class":57,"line":6706},[55,30056,1204],{"class":61},[55,30058,66],{"class":65},[55,30060,22346],{"class":1914},[55,30062,126],{"class":129},[55,30064,9315],{"class":75},[55,30066,14888],{"class":318},[55,30068,22355],{"class":75},[55,30070,22358],{"class":129},[55,30072,9315],{"class":75},[55,30074,319],{"class":318},[55,30076,22355],{"class":75},[55,30078,126],{"class":129},[55,30080,322],{"class":65},[14,30082,30083],{},[435,30084,30085],{},"Possible output:",[46,30087,30089],{"className":48,"code":30088,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"third: read book\nsecond: do homework\nfirst: wash dishes\n",[18,30090,30091,30100,30109],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,30092,30093,30095,30097],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,30094,30004],{"class":902},[55,30096,790],{"class":65},[55,30098,30099],{"class":902}," read book\n",[55,30101,30102,30104,30106],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,30103,29984],{"class":902},[55,30105,790],{"class":65},[55,30107,30108],{"class":902}," do homework\n",[55,30110,30111,30113,30115],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,30112,29964],{"class":902},[55,30114,790],{"class":65},[55,30116,30117],{"class":902}," wash dishes\n",[14,30119,29116,30120,30122],{},[18,30121,12814],{}," removes the last inserted item, this works like removing items from the end.",[41,30124,1586],{"id":1585},[14,30126,14780,30127,790],{},[18,30128,12814],{},[240,30130,30131,30145,30164,30175],{},[243,30132,30133,30138],{},[435,30134,29705,30135,30137],{},[18,30136,12814],{}," on an empty dictionary",[240,30139,30140],{},[243,30141,30142,30143,29],{},"This raises ",[18,30144,19738],{},[243,30146,30147,30152],{},[435,30148,1595,30149,30151],{},[18,30150,12814],{}," to remove a specific key",[240,30153,30154,30157],{},[243,30155,30156],{},"It does not let you choose the key.",[243,30158,212,30159,30163],{},[294,30160,30161],{"href":12610},[18,30162,12807],{}," if you need that.",[243,30165,30166,30170],{},[435,30167,4989,30168,27754],{},[18,30169,12814],{},[240,30171,30172],{},[243,30173,30174],{},"The removed item is gone after the call.",[243,30176,30177,30180],{},[435,30178,30179],{},"Assuming the return value is only the value",[240,30181,30182],{},[243,30183,30184,22027,30186,30188],{},[18,30185,12814],{},[18,30187,21707],{}," tuple.",[14,30190,30191],{},"Helpful debugging checks:",[46,30193,30195],{"className":48,"code":30194,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(my_dict)\nprint(len(my_dict))\n\nitem = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(item)\n",[18,30196,30197,30207,30221,30225,30239],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,30198,30199,30201,30203,30205],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,30200,62],{"class":61},[55,30202,66],{"class":65},[55,30204,11491],{"class":318},[55,30206,322],{"class":65},[55,30208,30209,30211,30213,30215,30217,30219],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,30210,62],{"class":61},[55,30212,66],{"class":65},[55,30214,11202],{"class":61},[55,30216,66],{"class":65},[55,30218,11491],{"class":318},[55,30220,79],{"class":65},[55,30222,30223],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,30224,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,30226,30227,30229,30231,30233,30235,30237],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,30228,28593],{"class":902},[55,30230,906],{"class":703},[55,30232,11809],{"class":902},[55,30234,29],{"class":65},[55,30236,28602],{"class":318},[55,30238,1789],{"class":65},[55,30240,30241,30243,30245,30247],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,30242,62],{"class":61},[55,30244,66],{"class":65},[55,30246,23363],{"class":318},[55,30248,322],{"class":65},[14,30250,30251],{},"Or with unpacking:",[46,30253,30255],{"className":48,"code":30254,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"key, value = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(key)\nprint(value)\n",[18,30256,30257,30275,30285],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,30258,30259,30261,30263,30265,30267,30269,30271,30273],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,30260,14888],{"class":902},[55,30262,163],{"class":65},[55,30264,21636],{"class":902},[55,30266,906],{"class":703},[55,30268,11809],{"class":902},[55,30270,29],{"class":65},[55,30272,28602],{"class":318},[55,30274,1789],{"class":65},[55,30276,30277,30279,30281,30283],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,30278,62],{"class":61},[55,30280,66],{"class":65},[55,30282,14888],{"class":318},[55,30284,322],{"class":65},[55,30286,30287,30289,30291,30293],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,30288,62],{"class":61},[55,30290,66],{"class":65},[55,30292,319],{"class":318},[55,30294,322],{"class":65},[41,30296,2139],{"id":2138},[889,30298,5429,30300,5432],{"id":30299},"what-does-popitem-return-in-python",[18,30301,12814],{},[14,30303,30304,30305,29],{},"It returns the removed key-value pair as a tuple, such as ",[18,30306,30307],{},"('name', 'Alice')",[889,30309,12748,30311,30313],{"id":30310},"does-popitem-remove-the-last-item",[18,30312,12814],{}," remove the last item?",[14,30315,30316],{},"Yes. In modern Python, it removes the last inserted key-value pair.",[889,30318,30320,30321,30323],{"id":30319},"can-i-choose-which-key-popitem-removes","Can I choose which key ",[18,30322,12814],{}," removes?",[14,30325,30326,30327,30331],{},"No. Use ",[294,30328,30329],{"href":12610},[18,30330,12807],{}," if you want to remove a specific key.",[889,30333,12748,30335,14943],{"id":30334},"does-popitem-change-the-original-dictionary",[18,30336,12814],{},[14,30338,30339],{},"Yes. The item is removed from the dictionary.",[889,30341,30343,30344,30346],{"id":30342},"what-error-does-popitem-raise-on-an-empty-dictionary","What error does ",[18,30345,12814],{}," raise on an empty dictionary?",[14,30348,30349,30350,30352,30353,29],{},"It raises ",[18,30351,19738],{}," with the message ",[18,30354,29752],{},[41,30356,2193],{"id":2192},[240,30358,30359,30366,30372,30378,30384,30391,30395,30399],{},[243,30360,30361],{},[294,30362,30363,30365],{"href":12610},[18,30364,12807],{}," method for dictionaries",[243,30367,30368],{},[294,30369,30370,30365],{"href":17124},[18,30371,17127],{},[243,30373,30374],{},[294,30375,30376,30365],{"href":17111},[18,30377,17114],{},[243,30379,30380],{},[294,30381,30382,30365],{"href":17117},[18,30383,17120],{},[243,30385,30386],{},[294,30387,30389,30365],{"href":30388},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method\u002F",[18,30390,11362],{},[243,30392,30393],{},[294,30394,12831],{"href":12617},[243,30396,30397],{},[294,30398,21509],{"href":16645},[243,30400,30401],{},[294,30402,30403,30404],{"href":29916},"Fix ",[18,30405,29919],{},[2226,30407,30408],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":30410},[30411,30412,30414,30415,30416,30417,30418,30419,30424,30429,30431,30432,30444],{"id":2307,"depth":82,"text":2308},{"id":28689,"depth":82,"text":30413},"What popitem() does",{"id":2459,"depth":82,"text":2460},{"id":28759,"depth":82,"text":28760},{"id":11516,"depth":82,"text":11517},{"id":29112,"depth":82,"text":29113},{"id":29304,"depth":82,"text":29305},{"id":29432,"depth":82,"text":30420,"children":30421},"Difference between popitem() and pop()",[30422,30423],{"id":28602,"depth":98,"text":12814},{"id":26295,"depth":98,"text":12807},{"id":29701,"depth":82,"text":29702,"children":30425},[30426,30427],{"id":29758,"depth":98,"text":29759},{"id":29833,"depth":98,"text":30428},"Fix 2: Use try-except",{"id":29922,"depth":82,"text":30430},"When to use popitem()",{"id":1585,"depth":82,"text":1586},{"id":2138,"depth":82,"text":2139,"children":30433},[30434,30436,30438,30440,30442],{"id":30299,"depth":98,"text":30435},"What does popitem() return in Python?",{"id":30310,"depth":98,"text":30437},"Does popitem() remove the last item?",{"id":30319,"depth":98,"text":30439},"Can I choose which key popitem() removes?",{"id":30334,"depth":98,"text":30441},"Does popitem() change the original dictionary?",{"id":30342,"depth":98,"text":30443},"What error does popitem() raise on an empty dictionary?",{"id":2192,"depth":82,"text":2193},"Master python dictionary popitem method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method",{"title":28428,"description":30445},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method","d7cKBI9V3R325yBRPJbIvubWICPrhq9HWsLXK3gZqNw",{"id":30452,"title":30453,"body":30454,"description":32357,"extension":2267,"meta":32358,"navigation":1121,"path":14079,"seo":32359,"stem":32360,"__hash__":32361},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method.md","Python Dictionary update() Method",{"type":7,"value":30455,"toc":32329},[30456,30461,30466,30469,30471,30568,30573,30578,30583,30586,30594,30597,30612,30614,30714,30716,30773,30777,30779,30782,30802,30807,30818,30821,30848,30851,30853,30910,30912,30933,30939,30944,30947,30958,30960,31068,31070,31123,31125,31137,31144,31150,31155,31158,31246,31248,31293,31296,31304,31307,31310,31379,31382,31385,31389,31392,31463,31465,31518,31521,31524,31527,31542,31545,31557,31560,31623,31625,31631,31633,31635,31714,31716,31757,31759,31824,31826,31863,31868,31873,31877,31891,31894,32017,32019,32104,32109,32111,32115,32137,32140,32220,32223,32242,32247,32249,32255,32260,32266,32269,32275,32278,32284,32289,32295,32301,32303,32326],[10,30457,11359,30459,11363],{"id":30458},"python-dictionary-update-method",[18,30460,15001],{},[14,30462,16,30463,30465],{},[18,30464,15001],{}," method changes a dictionary by adding new key-value pairs or replacing existing values.",[14,30467,30468],{},"Use it when you want to modify an existing dictionary instead of creating a new one.",[41,30470,2308],{"id":2307},[46,30472,30474],{"className":48,"code":30473,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nperson.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[18,30475,30476,30512,30553,30563],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,30477,30478,30480,30482,30484,30486,30488,30490,30492,30494,30496,30498,30500,30502,30504,30506,30508,30510],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,30479,13250],{"class":902},[55,30481,906],{"class":703},[55,30483,10529],{"class":65},[55,30485,126],{"class":109},[55,30487,785],{"class":129},[55,30489,126],{"class":109},[55,30491,790],{"class":65},[55,30493,793],{"class":109},[55,30495,12925],{"class":129},[55,30497,126],{"class":109},[55,30499,163],{"class":65},[55,30501,793],{"class":109},[55,30503,9336],{"class":129},[55,30505,126],{"class":109},[55,30507,790],{"class":65},[55,30509,916],{"class":75},[55,30511,9346],{"class":65},[55,30513,30514,30516,30518,30521,30523,30525,30527,30529,30531,30534,30536,30538,30540,30542,30544,30546,30548,30550],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,30515,17356],{"class":902},[55,30517,29],{"class":65},[55,30519,30520],{"class":318},"update",[55,30522,780],{"class":65},[55,30524,126],{"class":109},[55,30526,9336],{"class":129},[55,30528,126],{"class":109},[55,30530,790],{"class":65},[55,30532,30533],{"class":75}," 21",[55,30535,163],{"class":65},[55,30537,793],{"class":109},[55,30539,10447],{"class":129},[55,30541,126],{"class":109},[55,30543,790],{"class":65},[55,30545,793],{"class":109},[55,30547,16079],{"class":129},[55,30549,126],{"class":109},[55,30551,30552],{"class":65},"})\n",[55,30554,30555,30557,30559,30561],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,30556,62],{"class":61},[55,30558,66],{"class":65},[55,30560,17356],{"class":318},[55,30562,322],{"class":65},[55,30564,30565],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,30566,30567],{"class":3956},"# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[14,30569,212,30570,30572],{},[18,30571,15001],{}," to add new keys or overwrite existing keys from another dictionary or iterable of key-value pairs.",[41,30574,3970,30576,3973],{"id":30575},"what-update-does",[18,30577,15001],{},[14,30579,30580,30582],{},[18,30581,15001],{}," modifies the original dictionary in place.",[14,30584,30585],{},"It can do two main things:",[240,30587,30588,30591],{},[243,30589,30590],{},"Add new key-value pairs",[243,30592,30593],{},"Replace values for keys that already exist",[14,30595,30596],{},"Important things to know:",[240,30598,30599,30602,30605,30609],{},[243,30600,30601],{},"It changes the dictionary directly",[243,30603,30604],{},"It does not sort the dictionary",[243,30606,2157,30607],{},[18,30608,481],{},[243,30610,30611],{},"You should not assign its result to a new variable",[14,30613,358],{},[46,30615,30617],{"className":48,"code":30616,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"student = {\"name\": \"Mira\", \"grade\": \"B\"}\nstudent.update({\"grade\": \"A\", \"city\": \"Quito\"})\nprint(student)\n",[18,30618,30619,30661,30704],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,30620,30621,30623,30625,30627,30629,30631,30633,30635,30637,30640,30642,30644,30646,30648,30650,30652,30654,30657,30659],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,30622,12908],{"class":902},[55,30624,906],{"class":703},[55,30626,10529],{"class":65},[55,30628,126],{"class":109},[55,30630,785],{"class":129},[55,30632,126],{"class":109},[55,30634,790],{"class":65},[55,30636,793],{"class":109},[55,30638,30639],{"class":129},"Mira",[55,30641,126],{"class":109},[55,30643,163],{"class":65},[55,30645,793],{"class":109},[55,30647,19942],{"class":129},[55,30649,126],{"class":109},[55,30651,790],{"class":65},[55,30653,793],{"class":109},[55,30655,30656],{"class":129},"B",[55,30658,126],{"class":109},[55,30660,9346],{"class":65},[55,30662,30663,30665,30667,30669,30671,30673,30675,30677,30679,30681,30683,30685,30687,30689,30691,30693,30695,30697,30700,30702],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,30664,13672],{"class":902},[55,30666,29],{"class":65},[55,30668,30520],{"class":318},[55,30670,780],{"class":65},[55,30672,126],{"class":109},[55,30674,19942],{"class":129},[55,30676,126],{"class":109},[55,30678,790],{"class":65},[55,30680,793],{"class":109},[55,30682,22297],{"class":129},[55,30684,126],{"class":109},[55,30686,163],{"class":65},[55,30688,793],{"class":109},[55,30690,10447],{"class":129},[55,30692,126],{"class":109},[55,30694,790],{"class":65},[55,30696,793],{"class":109},[55,30698,30699],{"class":129},"Quito",[55,30701,126],{"class":109},[55,30703,30552],{"class":65},[55,30705,30706,30708,30710,30712],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,30707,62],{"class":61},[55,30709,66],{"class":65},[55,30711,13672],{"class":318},[55,30713,322],{"class":65},[14,30715,281],{},[46,30717,30719],{"className":48,"code":30718,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'name': 'Mira', 'grade': 'A', 'city': 'Quito'}\n",[18,30720,30721],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,30722,30723,30725,30727,30729,30731,30733,30735,30737,30739,30741,30743,30745,30747,30749,30751,30753,30755,30757,30759,30761,30763,30765,30767,30769,30771],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,30724,9315],{"class":65},[55,30726,1923],{"class":109},[55,30728,785],{"class":129},[55,30730,1923],{"class":109},[55,30732,790],{"class":65},[55,30734,1918],{"class":109},[55,30736,30639],{"class":129},[55,30738,1923],{"class":109},[55,30740,163],{"class":65},[55,30742,1918],{"class":109},[55,30744,19942],{"class":129},[55,30746,1923],{"class":109},[55,30748,790],{"class":65},[55,30750,1918],{"class":109},[55,30752,22297],{"class":129},[55,30754,1923],{"class":109},[55,30756,163],{"class":65},[55,30758,1918],{"class":109},[55,30760,10447],{"class":129},[55,30762,1923],{"class":109},[55,30764,790],{"class":65},[55,30766,1918],{"class":109},[55,30768,30699],{"class":129},[55,30770,1923],{"class":109},[55,30772,9346],{"class":65},[14,30774,9188,30775,29],{},[294,30776,24681],{"href":9428},[41,30778,2460],{"id":2459},[14,30780,30781],{},"The basic form is:",[46,30783,30785],{"className":48,"code":30784,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"dictionary.update(other)\n",[18,30786,30787],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,30788,30789,30791,30793,30795,30797,30800],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,30790,15652],{"class":902},[55,30792,29],{"class":65},[55,30794,30520],{"class":318},[55,30796,66],{"class":65},[55,30798,30799],{"class":318},"other",[55,30801,322],{"class":65},[14,30803,30804,30806],{},[18,30805,30799],{}," can be:",[240,30808,30809,30812,30815],{},[243,30810,30811],{},"Another dictionary",[243,30813,30814],{},"An iterable of key-value pairs",[243,30816,30817],{},"Keyword arguments",[14,30819,30820],{},"You can also use:",[46,30822,30824],{"className":48,"code":30823,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"dictionary.update(name=\"Sam\")\n",[18,30825,30826],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,30827,30828,30830,30832,30834,30836,30838,30840,30842,30844,30846],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,30829,15652],{"class":902},[55,30831,29],{"class":65},[55,30833,30520],{"class":318},[55,30835,66],{"class":65},[55,30837,785],{"class":9212},[55,30839,906],{"class":703},[55,30841,126],{"class":109},[55,30843,796],{"class":129},[55,30845,126],{"class":109},[55,30847,322],{"class":65},[14,30849,30850],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins.",[14,30852,358],{},[46,30854,30856],{"className":48,"code":30855,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {\"a\": 1}\ndata.update({\"a\": 10})\nprint(data)\n",[18,30857,30858,30878,30900],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,30859,30860,30862,30864,30866,30868,30870,30872,30874,30876],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,30861,9202],{"class":902},[55,30863,906],{"class":703},[55,30865,10529],{"class":65},[55,30867,126],{"class":109},[55,30869,294],{"class":129},[55,30871,126],{"class":109},[55,30873,790],{"class":65},[55,30875,5782],{"class":75},[55,30877,9346],{"class":65},[55,30879,30880,30882,30884,30886,30888,30890,30892,30894,30896,30898],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,30881,9241],{"class":902},[55,30883,29],{"class":65},[55,30885,30520],{"class":318},[55,30887,780],{"class":65},[55,30889,126],{"class":109},[55,30891,294],{"class":129},[55,30893,126],{"class":109},[55,30895,790],{"class":65},[55,30897,6283],{"class":75},[55,30899,30552],{"class":65},[55,30901,30902,30904,30906,30908],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,30903,62],{"class":61},[55,30905,66],{"class":65},[55,30907,9241],{"class":318},[55,30909,322],{"class":65},[14,30911,281],{},[46,30913,30915],{"className":48,"code":30914,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'a': 10}\n",[18,30916,30917],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,30918,30919,30921,30923,30925,30927,30929,30931],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,30920,9315],{"class":65},[55,30922,1923],{"class":109},[55,30924,294],{"class":129},[55,30926,1923],{"class":109},[55,30928,790],{"class":65},[55,30930,6283],{"class":75},[55,30932,9346],{"class":65},[41,30934,1556,30936,30938],{"id":30935},"using-update-with-another-dictionary",[18,30937,15001],{}," with another dictionary",[14,30940,30941,30942,29],{},"This is the most common use of ",[18,30943,15001],{},[14,30945,30946],{},"It is useful when:",[240,30948,30949,30952,30955],{},[243,30950,30951],{},"Merging small dictionaries",[243,30953,30954],{},"Adding extra settings",[243,30956,30957],{},"Updating stored data",[14,30959,358],{},[46,30961,30963],{"className":48,"code":30962,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"settings = {\"theme\": \"light\", \"font_size\": 12}\nnew_settings = {\"font_size\": 14, \"language\": \"en\"}\n\nsettings.update(new_settings)\nprint(settings)\n",[18,30964,30965,31002,31039,31043,31058],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,30966,30967,30969,30971,30973,30975,30977,30979,30981,30983,30985,30987,30989,30991,30993,30995,30997,31000],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,30968,13872],{"class":902},[55,30970,906],{"class":703},[55,30972,10529],{"class":65},[55,30974,126],{"class":109},[55,30976,12538],{"class":129},[55,30978,126],{"class":109},[55,30980,790],{"class":65},[55,30982,793],{"class":109},[55,30984,20979],{"class":129},[55,30986,126],{"class":109},[55,30988,163],{"class":65},[55,30990,793],{"class":109},[55,30992,13897],{"class":129},[55,30994,126],{"class":109},[55,30996,790],{"class":65},[55,30998,30999],{"class":75}," 12",[55,31001,9346],{"class":65},[55,31003,31004,31007,31009,31011,31013,31015,31017,31019,31021,31023,31025,31027,31029,31031,31033,31035,31037],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,31005,31006],{"class":902},"new_settings ",[55,31008,906],{"class":703},[55,31010,10529],{"class":65},[55,31012,126],{"class":109},[55,31014,13897],{"class":129},[55,31016,126],{"class":109},[55,31018,790],{"class":65},[55,31020,13904],{"class":75},[55,31022,163],{"class":65},[55,31024,793],{"class":109},[55,31026,20174],{"class":129},[55,31028,126],{"class":109},[55,31030,790],{"class":65},[55,31032,793],{"class":109},[55,31034,20208],{"class":129},[55,31036,126],{"class":109},[55,31038,9346],{"class":65},[55,31040,31041],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,31042,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,31044,31045,31047,31049,31051,31053,31056],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,31046,13931],{"class":902},[55,31048,29],{"class":65},[55,31050,30520],{"class":318},[55,31052,66],{"class":65},[55,31054,31055],{"class":318},"new_settings",[55,31057,322],{"class":65},[55,31059,31060,31062,31064,31066],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,31061,62],{"class":61},[55,31063,66],{"class":65},[55,31065,13931],{"class":318},[55,31067,322],{"class":65},[14,31069,281],{},[46,31071,31073],{"className":48,"code":31072,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'theme': 'light', 'font_size': 14, 'language': 'en'}\n",[18,31074,31075],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,31076,31077,31079,31081,31083,31085,31087,31089,31091,31093,31095,31097,31099,31101,31103,31105,31107,31109,31111,31113,31115,31117,31119,31121],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,31078,9315],{"class":65},[55,31080,1923],{"class":109},[55,31082,12538],{"class":129},[55,31084,1923],{"class":109},[55,31086,790],{"class":65},[55,31088,1918],{"class":109},[55,31090,20979],{"class":129},[55,31092,1923],{"class":109},[55,31094,163],{"class":65},[55,31096,1918],{"class":109},[55,31098,13897],{"class":129},[55,31100,1923],{"class":109},[55,31102,790],{"class":65},[55,31104,13904],{"class":75},[55,31106,163],{"class":65},[55,31108,1918],{"class":109},[55,31110,20174],{"class":129},[55,31112,1923],{"class":109},[55,31114,790],{"class":65},[55,31116,1918],{"class":109},[55,31118,20208],{"class":129},[55,31120,1923],{"class":109},[55,31122,9346],{"class":65},[14,31124,13455],{},[240,31126,31127,31132],{},[243,31128,31129,31131],{},[18,31130,13897],{}," already existed, so its value was replaced",[243,31133,31134,31136],{},[18,31135,20174],{}," did not exist, so it was added",[14,31138,31139,31140,29],{},"If you want a task-focused guide, see ",[294,31141,31143],{"href":31142},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-merge-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","how to merge dictionaries in Python",[41,31145,1556,31147,31149],{"id":31146},"using-update-with-key-value-pairs",[18,31148,15001],{}," with key-value pairs",[14,31151,31152,31154],{},[18,31153,15001],{}," also works with iterables that contain pairs.",[14,31156,31157],{},"For example, you can pass a list of tuples:",[46,31159,31161],{"className":48,"code":31160,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"scores = {\"math\": 90}\npairs = [(\"science\", 85), (\"english\", 88)]\n\nscores.update(pairs)\nprint(scores)\n",[18,31162,31163,31183,31218,31222,31236],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,31164,31165,31167,31169,31171,31173,31175,31177,31179,31181],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,31166,5350],{"class":902},[55,31168,906],{"class":703},[55,31170,10529],{"class":65},[55,31172,126],{"class":109},[55,31174,18467],{"class":129},[55,31176,126],{"class":109},[55,31178,790],{"class":65},[55,31180,19949],{"class":75},[55,31182,9346],{"class":65},[55,31184,31185,31187,31189,31191,31193,31195,31197,31199,31201,31203,31205,31207,31210,31212,31214,31216],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,31186,9252],{"class":902},[55,31188,906],{"class":703},[55,31190,9257],{"class":65},[55,31192,126],{"class":109},[55,31194,18476],{"class":129},[55,31196,126],{"class":109},[55,31198,163],{"class":65},[55,31200,13553],{"class":75},[55,31202,9270],{"class":65},[55,31204,9273],{"class":65},[55,31206,126],{"class":109},[55,31208,31209],{"class":129},"english",[55,31211,126],{"class":109},[55,31213,163],{"class":65},[55,31215,28975],{"class":75},[55,31217,9286],{"class":65},[55,31219,31220],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,31221,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,31223,31224,31226,31228,31230,31232,31234],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,31225,16437],{"class":902},[55,31227,29],{"class":65},[55,31229,30520],{"class":318},[55,31231,66],{"class":65},[55,31233,9299],{"class":318},[55,31235,322],{"class":65},[55,31237,31238,31240,31242,31244],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,31239,62],{"class":61},[55,31241,66],{"class":65},[55,31243,16437],{"class":318},[55,31245,322],{"class":65},[14,31247,281],{},[46,31249,31251],{"className":48,"code":31250,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'math': 90, 'science': 85, 'english': 88}\n",[18,31252,31253],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,31254,31255,31257,31259,31261,31263,31265,31267,31269,31271,31273,31275,31277,31279,31281,31283,31285,31287,31289,31291],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,31256,9315],{"class":65},[55,31258,1923],{"class":109},[55,31260,18467],{"class":129},[55,31262,1923],{"class":109},[55,31264,790],{"class":65},[55,31266,19949],{"class":75},[55,31268,163],{"class":65},[55,31270,1918],{"class":109},[55,31272,18476],{"class":129},[55,31274,1923],{"class":109},[55,31276,790],{"class":65},[55,31278,13553],{"class":75},[55,31280,163],{"class":65},[55,31282,1918],{"class":109},[55,31284,31209],{"class":129},[55,31286,1923],{"class":109},[55,31288,790],{"class":65},[55,31290,28975],{"class":75},[55,31292,9346],{"class":65},[14,31294,31295],{},"Each item must contain exactly two values:",[240,31297,31298,31301],{},[243,31299,31300],{},"The key",[243,31302,31303],{},"The value",[14,31305,31306],{},"Bad structure will raise an error.",[14,31308,31309],{},"Example of incorrect data:",[46,31311,31313],{"className":48,"code":31312,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {\"a\": 1}\nbad_pairs = [(\"b\", 2, 3)]\n\ndata.update(bad_pairs)\n",[18,31314,31315,31335,31360,31364],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,31316,31317,31319,31321,31323,31325,31327,31329,31331,31333],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,31318,9202],{"class":902},[55,31320,906],{"class":703},[55,31322,10529],{"class":65},[55,31324,126],{"class":109},[55,31326,294],{"class":129},[55,31328,126],{"class":109},[55,31330,790],{"class":65},[55,31332,5782],{"class":75},[55,31334,9346],{"class":65},[55,31336,31337,31340,31342,31344,31346,31348,31350,31352,31354,31356,31358],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,31338,31339],{"class":902},"bad_pairs ",[55,31341,906],{"class":703},[55,31343,9257],{"class":65},[55,31345,126],{"class":109},[55,31347,5046],{"class":129},[55,31349,126],{"class":109},[55,31351,163],{"class":65},[55,31353,166],{"class":75},[55,31355,163],{"class":65},[55,31357,171],{"class":75},[55,31359,9286],{"class":65},[55,31361,31362],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,31363,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,31365,31366,31368,31370,31372,31374,31377],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,31367,9241],{"class":902},[55,31369,29],{"class":65},[55,31371,30520],{"class":318},[55,31373,66],{"class":65},[55,31375,31376],{"class":318},"bad_pairs",[55,31378,322],{"class":65},[14,31380,31381],{},"This causes an error because each item must be a pair.",[14,31383,31384],{},"This form is useful when you have simple data that needs to become dictionary entries.",[41,31386,31388],{"id":31387},"using-keyword-arguments","Using keyword arguments",[14,31390,31391],{},"You can also pass key-value pairs as keyword arguments:",[46,31393,31395],{"className":48,"code":31394,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"user = {\"name\": \"Leo\"}\nuser.update(age=25, city=\"Madrid\")\nprint(user)\n",[18,31396,31397,31421,31453],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,31398,31399,31401,31403,31405,31407,31409,31411,31413,31415,31417,31419],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,31400,11530],{"class":902},[55,31402,906],{"class":703},[55,31404,10529],{"class":65},[55,31406,126],{"class":109},[55,31408,785],{"class":129},[55,31410,126],{"class":109},[55,31412,790],{"class":65},[55,31414,793],{"class":109},[55,31416,28968],{"class":129},[55,31418,126],{"class":109},[55,31420,9346],{"class":65},[55,31422,31423,31425,31427,31429,31431,31433,31435,31437,31439,31442,31444,31446,31449,31451],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,31424,11624],{"class":902},[55,31426,29],{"class":65},[55,31428,30520],{"class":318},[55,31430,66],{"class":65},[55,31432,9336],{"class":9212},[55,31434,906],{"class":703},[55,31436,9230],{"class":75},[55,31438,163],{"class":65},[55,31440,31441],{"class":9212}," city",[55,31443,906],{"class":703},[55,31445,126],{"class":109},[55,31447,31448],{"class":129},"Madrid",[55,31450,126],{"class":109},[55,31452,322],{"class":65},[55,31454,31455,31457,31459,31461],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,31456,62],{"class":61},[55,31458,66],{"class":65},[55,31460,11624],{"class":318},[55,31462,322],{"class":65},[14,31464,281],{},[46,31466,31468],{"className":48,"code":31467,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'name': 'Leo', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Madrid'}\n",[18,31469,31470],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,31471,31472,31474,31476,31478,31480,31482,31484,31486,31488,31490,31492,31494,31496,31498,31500,31502,31504,31506,31508,31510,31512,31514,31516],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,31473,9315],{"class":65},[55,31475,1923],{"class":109},[55,31477,785],{"class":129},[55,31479,1923],{"class":109},[55,31481,790],{"class":65},[55,31483,1918],{"class":109},[55,31485,28968],{"class":129},[55,31487,1923],{"class":109},[55,31489,163],{"class":65},[55,31491,1918],{"class":109},[55,31493,9336],{"class":129},[55,31495,1923],{"class":109},[55,31497,790],{"class":65},[55,31499,9343],{"class":75},[55,31501,163],{"class":65},[55,31503,1918],{"class":109},[55,31505,10447],{"class":129},[55,31507,1923],{"class":109},[55,31509,790],{"class":65},[55,31511,1918],{"class":109},[55,31513,31448],{"class":129},[55,31515,1923],{"class":109},[55,31517,9346],{"class":65},[14,31519,31520],{},"This is convenient for simple string keys.",[14,31522,31523],{},"But there is one limit: keys must be valid Python identifiers.",[14,31525,31526],{},"These work:",[240,31528,31529,31533,31537],{},[243,31530,31531],{},[18,31532,9336],{},[243,31534,31535],{},[18,31536,10447],{},[243,31538,31539],{},[18,31540,31541],{},"first_name",[14,31543,31544],{},"These do not work as keyword arguments:",[240,31546,31547,31552],{},[243,31548,31549],{},[18,31550,31551],{},"\"first name\"",[243,31553,31554],{},[18,31555,31556],{},"\"user-id\"",[14,31558,31559],{},"For keys like that, use a dictionary instead:",[46,31561,31563],{"className":48,"code":31562,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"user = {}\nuser.update({\"first name\": \"Leo\", \"user-id\": 1001})\nprint(user)\n",[18,31564,31565,31573,31613],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,31566,31567,31569,31571],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,31568,11530],{"class":902},[55,31570,906],{"class":703},[55,31572,9876],{"class":65},[55,31574,31575,31577,31579,31581,31583,31585,31587,31589,31591,31593,31595,31597,31599,31601,31604,31606,31608,31611],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,31576,11624],{"class":902},[55,31578,29],{"class":65},[55,31580,30520],{"class":318},[55,31582,780],{"class":65},[55,31584,126],{"class":109},[55,31586,10551],{"class":129},[55,31588,126],{"class":109},[55,31590,790],{"class":65},[55,31592,793],{"class":109},[55,31594,28968],{"class":129},[55,31596,126],{"class":109},[55,31598,163],{"class":65},[55,31600,793],{"class":109},[55,31602,31603],{"class":129},"user-id",[55,31605,126],{"class":109},[55,31607,790],{"class":65},[55,31609,31610],{"class":75}," 1001",[55,31612,30552],{"class":65},[55,31614,31615,31617,31619,31621],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,31616,62],{"class":61},[55,31618,66],{"class":65},[55,31620,11624],{"class":318},[55,31622,322],{"class":65},[41,31624,17468],{"id":17467},[14,31626,31627,1265,31629,29],{},[18,31628,15001],{},[18,31630,481],{},[14,31632,14095],{},[14,31634,24761],{},[46,31636,31638],{"className":48,"code":31637,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nresult = person.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(result)\nprint(person)\n",[18,31639,31640,31664,31690,31694,31704],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,31641,31642,31644,31646,31648,31650,31652,31654,31656,31658,31660,31662],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,31643,13250],{"class":902},[55,31645,906],{"class":703},[55,31647,10529],{"class":65},[55,31649,126],{"class":109},[55,31651,785],{"class":129},[55,31653,126],{"class":109},[55,31655,790],{"class":65},[55,31657,793],{"class":109},[55,31659,12925],{"class":129},[55,31661,126],{"class":109},[55,31663,9346],{"class":65},[55,31665,31666,31668,31670,31672,31674,31676,31678,31680,31682,31684,31686,31688],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,31667,2534],{"class":902},[55,31669,906],{"class":703},[55,31671,13293],{"class":902},[55,31673,29],{"class":65},[55,31675,30520],{"class":318},[55,31677,780],{"class":65},[55,31679,126],{"class":109},[55,31681,9336],{"class":129},[55,31683,126],{"class":109},[55,31685,790],{"class":65},[55,31687,916],{"class":75},[55,31689,30552],{"class":65},[55,31691,31692],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,31693,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,31695,31696,31698,31700,31702],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,31697,62],{"class":61},[55,31699,66],{"class":65},[55,31701,2569],{"class":318},[55,31703,322],{"class":65},[55,31705,31706,31708,31710,31712],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,31707,62],{"class":61},[55,31709,66],{"class":65},[55,31711,17356],{"class":318},[55,31713,322],{"class":65},[14,31715,281],{},[46,31717,31719],{"className":48,"code":31718,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"None\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[18,31720,31721,31725],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,31722,31723],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,31724,11851],{"class":187},[55,31726,31727,31729,31731,31733,31735,31737,31739,31741,31743,31745,31747,31749,31751,31753,31755],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,31728,9315],{"class":65},[55,31730,1923],{"class":109},[55,31732,785],{"class":129},[55,31734,1923],{"class":109},[55,31736,790],{"class":65},[55,31738,1918],{"class":109},[55,31740,12925],{"class":129},[55,31742,1923],{"class":109},[55,31744,163],{"class":65},[55,31746,1918],{"class":109},[55,31748,9336],{"class":129},[55,31750,1923],{"class":109},[55,31752,790],{"class":65},[55,31754,916],{"class":75},[55,31756,9346],{"class":65},[14,31758,16704],{},[46,31760,31762],{"className":48,"code":31761,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nperson.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(person)\n",[18,31763,31764,31788,31810,31814],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,31765,31766,31768,31770,31772,31774,31776,31778,31780,31782,31784,31786],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,31767,13250],{"class":902},[55,31769,906],{"class":703},[55,31771,10529],{"class":65},[55,31773,126],{"class":109},[55,31775,785],{"class":129},[55,31777,126],{"class":109},[55,31779,790],{"class":65},[55,31781,793],{"class":109},[55,31783,12925],{"class":129},[55,31785,126],{"class":109},[55,31787,9346],{"class":65},[55,31789,31790,31792,31794,31796,31798,31800,31802,31804,31806,31808],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,31791,17356],{"class":902},[55,31793,29],{"class":65},[55,31795,30520],{"class":318},[55,31797,780],{"class":65},[55,31799,126],{"class":109},[55,31801,9336],{"class":129},[55,31803,126],{"class":109},[55,31805,790],{"class":65},[55,31807,916],{"class":75},[55,31809,30552],{"class":65},[55,31811,31812],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,31813,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,31815,31816,31818,31820,31822],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,31817,62],{"class":61},[55,31819,66],{"class":65},[55,31821,17356],{"class":318},[55,31823,322],{"class":65},[14,31825,281],{},[46,31827,31829],{"className":48,"code":31828,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[18,31830,31831],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,31832,31833,31835,31837,31839,31841,31843,31845,31847,31849,31851,31853,31855,31857,31859,31861],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,31834,9315],{"class":65},[55,31836,1923],{"class":109},[55,31838,785],{"class":129},[55,31840,1923],{"class":109},[55,31842,790],{"class":65},[55,31844,1918],{"class":109},[55,31846,12925],{"class":129},[55,31848,1923],{"class":109},[55,31850,163],{"class":65},[55,31852,1918],{"class":109},[55,31854,9336],{"class":129},[55,31856,1923],{"class":109},[55,31858,790],{"class":65},[55,31860,916],{"class":75},[55,31862,9346],{"class":65},[14,31864,31865,31866,29],{},"If you only want to add or change one key, see ",[294,31867,17954],{"href":10770},[41,31869,5247,31871],{"id":31870},"when-to-use-update",[18,31872,15001],{},[14,31874,212,31875,10640],{},[18,31876,15001],{},[240,31878,31879,31882,31885,31888],{},[243,31880,31881],{},"You want to modify an existing dictionary",[243,31883,31884],{},"You want to add several keys at once",[243,31886,31887],{},"You want to merge settings or user data",[243,31889,31890],{},"Overwriting old values is acceptable",[14,31892,31893],{},"If you want to keep the original dictionary unchanged, make a copy first:",[46,31895,31897],{"className":48,"code":31896,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"original = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nupdated = original.copy()\n\nupdated.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\n\nprint(original)\nprint(updated)\n",[18,31898,31899,31935,31950,31954,31993,31997,32007],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,31900,31901,31903,31905,31907,31909,31911,31913,31915,31917,31919,31921,31923,31925,31927,31929,31931,31933],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,31902,12129],{"class":902},[55,31904,906],{"class":703},[55,31906,10529],{"class":65},[55,31908,126],{"class":109},[55,31910,785],{"class":129},[55,31912,126],{"class":109},[55,31914,790],{"class":65},[55,31916,793],{"class":109},[55,31918,12925],{"class":129},[55,31920,126],{"class":109},[55,31922,163],{"class":65},[55,31924,793],{"class":109},[55,31926,9336],{"class":129},[55,31928,126],{"class":109},[55,31930,790],{"class":65},[55,31932,916],{"class":75},[55,31934,9346],{"class":65},[55,31936,31937,31940,31942,31944,31946,31948],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,31938,31939],{"class":902},"updated ",[55,31941,906],{"class":703},[55,31943,12204],{"class":902},[55,31945,29],{"class":65},[55,31947,12956],{"class":318},[55,31949,1789],{"class":65},[55,31951,31952],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,31953,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,31955,31956,31959,31961,31963,31965,31967,31969,31971,31973,31975,31977,31979,31981,31983,31985,31987,31989,31991],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,31957,31958],{"class":902},"updated",[55,31960,29],{"class":65},[55,31962,30520],{"class":318},[55,31964,780],{"class":65},[55,31966,126],{"class":109},[55,31968,9336],{"class":129},[55,31970,126],{"class":109},[55,31972,790],{"class":65},[55,31974,30533],{"class":75},[55,31976,163],{"class":65},[55,31978,793],{"class":109},[55,31980,10447],{"class":129},[55,31982,126],{"class":109},[55,31984,790],{"class":65},[55,31986,793],{"class":109},[55,31988,16079],{"class":129},[55,31990,126],{"class":109},[55,31992,30552],{"class":65},[55,31994,31995],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,31996,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,31998,31999,32001,32003,32005],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,32000,62],{"class":61},[55,32002,66],{"class":65},[55,32004,12176],{"class":318},[55,32006,322],{"class":65},[55,32008,32009,32011,32013,32015],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,32010,62],{"class":61},[55,32012,66],{"class":65},[55,32014,31958],{"class":318},[55,32016,322],{"class":65},[14,32018,281],{},[46,32020,32022],{"className":48,"code":32021,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[18,32023,32024,32056],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,32025,32026,32028,32030,32032,32034,32036,32038,32040,32042,32044,32046,32048,32050,32052,32054],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,32027,9315],{"class":65},[55,32029,1923],{"class":109},[55,32031,785],{"class":129},[55,32033,1923],{"class":109},[55,32035,790],{"class":65},[55,32037,1918],{"class":109},[55,32039,12925],{"class":129},[55,32041,1923],{"class":109},[55,32043,163],{"class":65},[55,32045,1918],{"class":109},[55,32047,9336],{"class":129},[55,32049,1923],{"class":109},[55,32051,790],{"class":65},[55,32053,916],{"class":75},[55,32055,9346],{"class":65},[55,32057,32058,32060,32062,32064,32066,32068,32070,32072,32074,32076,32078,32080,32082,32084,32086,32088,32090,32092,32094,32096,32098,32100,32102],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,32059,9315],{"class":65},[55,32061,1923],{"class":109},[55,32063,785],{"class":129},[55,32065,1923],{"class":109},[55,32067,790],{"class":65},[55,32069,1918],{"class":109},[55,32071,12925],{"class":129},[55,32073,1923],{"class":109},[55,32075,163],{"class":65},[55,32077,1918],{"class":109},[55,32079,9336],{"class":129},[55,32081,1923],{"class":109},[55,32083,790],{"class":65},[55,32085,30533],{"class":75},[55,32087,163],{"class":65},[55,32089,1918],{"class":109},[55,32091,10447],{"class":129},[55,32093,1923],{"class":109},[55,32095,790],{"class":65},[55,32097,1918],{"class":109},[55,32099,16079],{"class":129},[55,32101,1923],{"class":109},[55,32103,9346],{"class":65},[14,32105,32106,32107,29],{},"After updating a dictionary, you may also want to learn ",[294,32108,16646],{"href":16645},[41,32110,1586],{"id":1585},[14,32112,10787,32113,790],{},[18,32114,15001],{},[240,32116,32117,32124,32128,32131,32134],{},[243,32118,12638,32119,32121,32122],{},[18,32120,15001],{}," to a variable and getting ",[18,32123,481],{},[243,32125,1595,32126,12646],{},[18,32127,15001],{},[243,32129,32130],{},"Passing items that are not key-value pairs",[243,32132,32133],{},"Using keyword arguments for keys that are not valid identifiers",[243,32135,32136],{},"Overwriting existing values by mistake",[14,32138,32139],{},"Useful debugging checks:",[46,32141,32143],{"className":48,"code":32142,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(data))\nprint(list(data))\nprint(my_dict.get('key'))\nhelp(dict.update)\n",[18,32144,32145,32155,32169,32183,32205],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,32146,32147,32149,32151,32153],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,32148,62],{"class":61},[55,32150,66],{"class":65},[55,32152,11491],{"class":318},[55,32154,322],{"class":65},[55,32156,32157,32159,32161,32163,32165,32167],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,32158,62],{"class":61},[55,32160,66],{"class":65},[55,32162,1879],{"class":69},[55,32164,66],{"class":65},[55,32166,9241],{"class":318},[55,32168,79],{"class":65},[55,32170,32171,32173,32175,32177,32179,32181],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,32172,62],{"class":61},[55,32174,66],{"class":65},[55,32176,1229],{"class":69},[55,32178,66],{"class":65},[55,32180,9241],{"class":318},[55,32182,79],{"class":65},[55,32184,32185,32187,32189,32191,32193,32195,32197,32199,32201,32203],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,32186,62],{"class":61},[55,32188,66],{"class":65},[55,32190,11491],{"class":318},[55,32192,29],{"class":65},[55,32194,19801],{"class":318},[55,32196,66],{"class":65},[55,32198,1923],{"class":109},[55,32200,14888],{"class":129},[55,32202,1923],{"class":109},[55,32204,79],{"class":65},[55,32206,32207,32210,32212,32214,32216,32218],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,32208,32209],{"class":61},"help",[55,32211,66],{"class":65},[55,32213,1975],{"class":69},[55,32215,29],{"class":65},[55,32217,30520],{"class":24803},[55,32219,322],{"class":65},[14,32221,32222],{},"These can help you check:",[240,32224,32225,32228,32233,32236,32239],{},[243,32226,32227],{},"What your dictionary currently contains",[243,32229,32230,32231],{},"What type of data you are passing to ",[18,32232,15001],{},[243,32234,32235],{},"Whether your input really contains pairs",[243,32237,32238],{},"Whether a key exists",[243,32240,32241],{},"The built-in method help text",[14,32243,32244,32245,29],{},"If you are trying to read a missing key after updating, you may also run into ",[294,32246,11303],{"href":11114},[41,32248,2139],{"id":2138},[889,32250,12748,32252,32254],{"id":32251},"does-update-return-a-new-dictionary",[18,32253,15001],{}," return a new dictionary?",[14,32256,32257,32258,29],{},"No. It changes the original dictionary and returns ",[18,32259,481],{},[889,32261,12748,32263,32265],{"id":32262},"does-update-overwrite-existing-keys",[18,32264,15001],{}," overwrite existing keys?",[14,32267,32268],{},"Yes. If a key already exists, its value is replaced.",[889,32270,5456,32272,32274],{"id":32271},"can-update-add-new-keys",[18,32273,15001],{}," add new keys?",[14,32276,32277],{},"Yes. Missing keys are added to the dictionary.",[889,32279,28383,32281,32283],{"id":32280},"can-i-use-update-with-a-list",[18,32282,15001],{}," with a list?",[14,32285,32286,32287,29],{},"Yes, if the list contains key-value pairs like ",[18,32288,11135],{},[889,32290,5466,32292,32294],{"id":32291},"what-is-the-difference-between-update-and-assigning-one-key",[18,32293,15001],{}," and assigning one key?",[14,32296,32297,32298,32300],{},"Single assignment changes one key. ",[18,32299,15001],{}," can change many keys at once.",[41,32302,2193],{"id":2192},[240,32304,32305,32309,32313,32318,32322],{},[243,32306,32307],{},[294,32308,26149],{"href":9428},[243,32310,32311],{},[294,32312,11292],{"href":10770},[243,32314,32315],{},[294,32316,32317],{"href":31142},"How to merge dictionaries in Python",[243,32319,32320],{},[294,32321,21509],{"href":16645},[243,32323,32324],{},[294,32325,11303],{"href":11114},[2226,32327,32328],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":32330},[32331,32332,32334,32335,32337,32339,32340,32341,32343,32344,32356],{"id":2307,"depth":82,"text":2308},{"id":30575,"depth":82,"text":32333},"What update() does",{"id":2459,"depth":82,"text":2460},{"id":30935,"depth":82,"text":32336},"Using update() with another dictionary",{"id":31146,"depth":82,"text":32338},"Using update() with key-value pairs",{"id":31387,"depth":82,"text":31388},{"id":17467,"depth":82,"text":17468},{"id":31870,"depth":82,"text":32342},"When to use update()",{"id":1585,"depth":82,"text":1586},{"id":2138,"depth":82,"text":2139,"children":32345},[32346,32348,32350,32352,32354],{"id":32251,"depth":98,"text":32347},"Does update() return a new dictionary?",{"id":32262,"depth":98,"text":32349},"Does update() overwrite existing keys?",{"id":32271,"depth":98,"text":32351},"Can update() add new keys?",{"id":32280,"depth":98,"text":32353},"Can I use update() with a list?",{"id":32291,"depth":98,"text":32355},"What is the difference between update() and assigning one key?",{"id":2192,"depth":82,"text":2193},"Master python dictionary update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":30453,"description":32357},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method","njJ700GKZ1TE_XL_n6OM2NaXw_gA2-mTYBWaDLPqKa8",{"id":32363,"title":32364,"body":32365,"description":34354,"extension":2267,"meta":34355,"navigation":1121,"path":22947,"seo":34356,"stem":34357,"__hash__":34358},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method.md","Python Dictionary values() Method",{"type":7,"value":32366,"toc":34317},[32367,32372,32379,32382,32384,32483,32485,32540,32545,32550,32564,32569,32571,32586,32588,32602,32615,32620,32626,32633,32635,32742,32744,32793,32799,32874,32876,32897,32899,32902,33007,33009,33064,33066,33094,33098,33103,33182,33184,33204,33206,33217,33227,33231,33236,33340,33342,33367,33370,33381,33386,33395,33398,33415,33417,33504,33506,33569,33571,33594,33596,33601,33607,33612,33614,33653,33659,33662,33681,33692,33698,33701,33774,33776,33795,33800,33803,33826,33832,33835,33899,33902,33979,33986,33989,34048,34054,34056,34075,34079,34082,34133,34136,34156,34158,34219,34221,34226,34231,34236,34241,34246,34251,34257,34260,34269,34277,34279,34314],[10,32368,11359,32370,11363],{"id":32369},"python-dictionary-values-method",[18,32371,17120],{},[14,32373,32374,32375,32378],{},"The Python ",[18,32376,32377],{},"dict.values()"," method returns all values from a dictionary.",[14,32380,32381],{},"It is useful when you want the values only and do not need the keys. A common beginner use case is getting all values from a dictionary so you can print them, loop through them, or convert them to a list.",[41,32383,2308],{"id":2307},[46,32385,32387],{"className":48,"code":32386,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(values)\nprint(list(values))\n",[18,32388,32389,32441,32455,32459,32469],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,32390,32391,32393,32395,32397,32399,32401,32403,32405,32407,32409,32411,32413,32415,32417,32419,32421,32423,32425,32427,32429,32431,32433,32435,32437,32439],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,32392,12908],{"class":902},[55,32394,906],{"class":703},[55,32396,10529],{"class":65},[55,32398,126],{"class":109},[55,32400,785],{"class":129},[55,32402,126],{"class":109},[55,32404,790],{"class":65},[55,32406,793],{"class":109},[55,32408,12925],{"class":129},[55,32410,126],{"class":109},[55,32412,163],{"class":65},[55,32414,793],{"class":109},[55,32416,9336],{"class":129},[55,32418,126],{"class":109},[55,32420,790],{"class":65},[55,32422,916],{"class":75},[55,32424,163],{"class":65},[55,32426,793],{"class":109},[55,32428,10447],{"class":129},[55,32430,126],{"class":109},[55,32432,790],{"class":65},[55,32434,793],{"class":109},[55,32436,16079],{"class":129},[55,32438,126],{"class":109},[55,32440,9346],{"class":65},[55,32442,32443,32445,32447,32449,32451,32453],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,32444,4110],{"class":902},[55,32446,906],{"class":703},[55,32448,12951],{"class":902},[55,32450,29],{"class":65},[55,32452,5642],{"class":318},[55,32454,1789],{"class":65},[55,32456,32457],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,32458,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,32460,32461,32463,32465,32467],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,32462,62],{"class":61},[55,32464,66],{"class":65},[55,32466,5642],{"class":318},[55,32468,322],{"class":65},[55,32470,32471,32473,32475,32477,32479,32481],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,32472,62],{"class":61},[55,32474,66],{"class":65},[55,32476,1229],{"class":69},[55,32478,66],{"class":65},[55,32480,5642],{"class":318},[55,32482,79],{"class":65},[14,32484,281],{},[46,32486,32488],{"className":48,"code":32487,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"dict_values(['Ana', 20, 'Lima'])\n['Ana', 20, 'Lima']\n",[18,32489,32490,32516],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,32491,32492,32494,32496,32498,32500,32502,32504,32506,32508,32510,32512,32514],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,32493,17086],{"class":318},[55,32495,158],{"class":65},[55,32497,1923],{"class":109},[55,32499,12925],{"class":129},[55,32501,1923],{"class":109},[55,32503,163],{"class":65},[55,32505,916],{"class":75},[55,32507,163],{"class":65},[55,32509,1918],{"class":109},[55,32511,16079],{"class":129},[55,32513,1923],{"class":109},[55,32515,4174],{"class":65},[55,32517,32518,32520,32522,32524,32526,32528,32530,32532,32534,32536,32538],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,32519,4186],{"class":65},[55,32521,1923],{"class":109},[55,32523,12925],{"class":129},[55,32525,1923],{"class":109},[55,32527,163],{"class":65},[55,32529,916],{"class":75},[55,32531,163],{"class":65},[55,32533,1918],{"class":109},[55,32535,16079],{"class":129},[55,32537,1923],{"class":109},[55,32539,924],{"class":65},[14,32541,32542,32544],{},[18,32543,17120],{}," returns a dictionary view object. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list.",[41,32546,3970,32548,3973],{"id":32547},"what-values-does",[18,32549,17120],{},[240,32551,32552,32555,32558,32561],{},[243,32553,32554],{},"It is used on a dictionary",[243,32556,32557],{},"It returns all dictionary values",[243,32559,32560],{},"It keeps the same order as the dictionary",[243,32562,32563],{},"It returns a view object, not a new list",[14,32565,32566,32567,29],{},"If you already know how to create dictionaries, see ",[294,32568,9429],{"href":9428},[41,32570,2460],{"id":2459},[46,32572,32574],{"className":48,"code":32573,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_dict.values()\n",[18,32575,32576],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,32577,32578,32580,32582,32584],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,32579,11491],{"class":902},[55,32581,29],{"class":65},[55,32583,5642],{"class":318},[55,32585,1789],{"class":65},[14,32587,13097],{},[240,32589,32590,32594,32597],{},[243,32591,32592,11507],{},[18,32593,17120],{},[243,32595,32596],{},"It works only on dictionary objects",[243,32598,32599,32600],{},"You must include the parentheses: ",[18,32601,17120],{},[14,32603,32604,32605,4679,32610,29],{},"This is a dictionary method, similar to ",[294,32606,32607,32609],{"href":17111},[18,32608,17114],{}," for dictionary keys",[294,32611,32612,32614],{"href":17124},[18,32613,17127],{}," for key-value pairs",[41,32616,3970,32618,11748],{"id":32617},"what-values-returns",[18,32619,17120],{},[14,32621,32622,22027,32624,24817],{},[18,32623,17120],{},[18,32625,17086],{},[14,32627,32628,32629,32632],{},"This object is a ",[435,32630,32631],{},"view"," of the dictionary values. That means it shows the current values in the dictionary, and it updates if the dictionary changes.",[14,32634,358],{},[46,32636,32638],{"className":48,"code":32637,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\n\nvalues_view = person.values()\nprint(values_view)\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Quito\"\nprint(values_view)\n",[18,32639,32640,32676,32680,32695,32706,32710,32732],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,32641,32642,32644,32646,32648,32650,32652,32654,32656,32658,32660,32662,32664,32666,32668,32670,32672,32674],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,32643,13250],{"class":902},[55,32645,906],{"class":703},[55,32647,10529],{"class":65},[55,32649,126],{"class":109},[55,32651,785],{"class":129},[55,32653,126],{"class":109},[55,32655,790],{"class":65},[55,32657,793],{"class":109},[55,32659,1049],{"class":129},[55,32661,126],{"class":109},[55,32663,163],{"class":65},[55,32665,793],{"class":109},[55,32667,9336],{"class":129},[55,32669,126],{"class":109},[55,32671,790],{"class":65},[55,32673,9343],{"class":75},[55,32675,9346],{"class":65},[55,32677,32678],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,32679,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,32681,32682,32685,32687,32689,32691,32693],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,32683,32684],{"class":902},"values_view ",[55,32686,906],{"class":703},[55,32688,13293],{"class":902},[55,32690,29],{"class":65},[55,32692,5642],{"class":318},[55,32694,1789],{"class":65},[55,32696,32697,32699,32701,32704],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,32698,62],{"class":61},[55,32700,66],{"class":65},[55,32702,32703],{"class":318},"values_view",[55,32705,322],{"class":65},[55,32707,32708],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,32709,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,32711,32712,32714,32716,32718,32720,32722,32724,32726,32728,32730],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,32713,17356],{"class":902},[55,32715,4186],{"class":65},[55,32717,126],{"class":109},[55,32719,10447],{"class":129},[55,32721,126],{"class":109},[55,32723,13319],{"class":65},[55,32725,13322],{"class":703},[55,32727,793],{"class":109},[55,32729,30699],{"class":129},[55,32731,1052],{"class":109},[55,32733,32734,32736,32738,32740],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,32735,62],{"class":61},[55,32737,66],{"class":65},[55,32739,32703],{"class":318},[55,32741,322],{"class":65},[14,32743,281],{},[46,32745,32747],{"className":48,"code":32746,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"dict_values(['Mia', 25])\ndict_values(['Mia', 25, 'Quito'])\n",[18,32748,32749,32767],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,32750,32751,32753,32755,32757,32759,32761,32763,32765],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,32752,17086],{"class":318},[55,32754,158],{"class":65},[55,32756,1923],{"class":109},[55,32758,1049],{"class":129},[55,32760,1923],{"class":109},[55,32762,163],{"class":65},[55,32764,9343],{"class":75},[55,32766,4174],{"class":65},[55,32768,32769,32771,32773,32775,32777,32779,32781,32783,32785,32787,32789,32791],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,32770,17086],{"class":318},[55,32772,158],{"class":65},[55,32774,1923],{"class":109},[55,32776,1049],{"class":129},[55,32778,1923],{"class":109},[55,32780,163],{"class":65},[55,32782,9343],{"class":75},[55,32784,163],{"class":65},[55,32786,1918],{"class":109},[55,32788,30699],{"class":129},[55,32790,1923],{"class":109},[55,32792,4174],{"class":65},[14,32794,32795,32796,29],{},"If you need a regular list, use ",[18,32797,32798],{},"list(my_dict.values())",[46,32800,32802],{"className":48,"code":32801,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\nvalues_list = list(person.values())\n\nprint(values_list)\n",[18,32803,32804,32840,32859,32863],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,32805,32806,32808,32810,32812,32814,32816,32818,32820,32822,32824,32826,32828,32830,32832,32834,32836,32838],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,32807,13250],{"class":902},[55,32809,906],{"class":703},[55,32811,10529],{"class":65},[55,32813,126],{"class":109},[55,32815,785],{"class":129},[55,32817,126],{"class":109},[55,32819,790],{"class":65},[55,32821,793],{"class":109},[55,32823,1049],{"class":129},[55,32825,126],{"class":109},[55,32827,163],{"class":65},[55,32829,793],{"class":109},[55,32831,9336],{"class":129},[55,32833,126],{"class":109},[55,32835,790],{"class":65},[55,32837,9343],{"class":75},[55,32839,9346],{"class":65},[55,32841,32842,32845,32847,32849,32851,32853,32855,32857],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,32843,32844],{"class":902},"values_list ",[55,32846,906],{"class":703},[55,32848,22612],{"class":69},[55,32850,66],{"class":65},[55,32852,17356],{"class":318},[55,32854,29],{"class":65},[55,32856,5642],{"class":318},[55,32858,278],{"class":65},[55,32860,32861],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,32862,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,32864,32865,32867,32869,32872],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,32866,62],{"class":61},[55,32868,66],{"class":65},[55,32870,32871],{"class":318},"values_list",[55,32873,322],{"class":65},[14,32875,281],{},[46,32877,32879],{"className":48,"code":32878,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['Mia', 25]\n",[18,32880,32881],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,32882,32883,32885,32887,32889,32891,32893,32895],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,32884,4186],{"class":65},[55,32886,1923],{"class":109},[55,32888,1049],{"class":129},[55,32890,1923],{"class":109},[55,32892,163],{"class":65},[55,32894,9343],{"class":75},[55,32896,924],{"class":65},[41,32898,11517],{"id":11516},[14,32900,32901],{},"Here is a basic example step by step:",[46,32903,32905],{"className":48,"code":32904,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2022, \"color\": \"blue\"}\n\nresult = car.values()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,32906,32907,32961,32965,32979,32983,32993],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,32908,32909,32911,32913,32915,32917,32919,32921,32923,32925,32927,32929,32931,32933,32935,32937,32939,32942,32944,32946,32949,32951,32953,32955,32957,32959],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,32910,24849],{"class":902},[55,32912,906],{"class":703},[55,32914,10529],{"class":65},[55,32916,126],{"class":109},[55,32918,24858],{"class":129},[55,32920,126],{"class":109},[55,32922,790],{"class":65},[55,32924,793],{"class":109},[55,32926,24867],{"class":129},[55,32928,126],{"class":109},[55,32930,163],{"class":65},[55,32932,793],{"class":109},[55,32934,24876],{"class":129},[55,32936,126],{"class":109},[55,32938,790],{"class":65},[55,32940,32941],{"class":75}," 2022",[55,32943,163],{"class":65},[55,32945,793],{"class":109},[55,32947,32948],{"class":129},"color",[55,32950,126],{"class":109},[55,32952,790],{"class":65},[55,32954,793],{"class":109},[55,32956,13155],{"class":129},[55,32958,126],{"class":109},[55,32960,9346],{"class":65},[55,32962,32963],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,32964,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,32966,32967,32969,32971,32973,32975,32977],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,32968,2534],{"class":902},[55,32970,906],{"class":703},[55,32972,24898],{"class":902},[55,32974,29],{"class":65},[55,32976,5642],{"class":318},[55,32978,1789],{"class":65},[55,32980,32981],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,32982,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,32984,32985,32987,32989,32991],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,32986,62],{"class":61},[55,32988,66],{"class":65},[55,32990,2569],{"class":318},[55,32992,322],{"class":65},[55,32994,32995,32997,32999,33001,33003,33005],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,32996,62],{"class":61},[55,32998,66],{"class":65},[55,33000,1229],{"class":69},[55,33002,66],{"class":65},[55,33004,2569],{"class":318},[55,33006,79],{"class":65},[14,33008,281],{},[46,33010,33012],{"className":48,"code":33011,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"dict_values(['Toyota', 2022, 'blue'])\n['Toyota', 2022, 'blue']\n",[18,33013,33014,33040],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,33015,33016,33018,33020,33022,33024,33026,33028,33030,33032,33034,33036,33038],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,33017,17086],{"class":318},[55,33019,158],{"class":65},[55,33021,1923],{"class":109},[55,33023,24867],{"class":129},[55,33025,1923],{"class":109},[55,33027,163],{"class":65},[55,33029,32941],{"class":75},[55,33031,163],{"class":65},[55,33033,1918],{"class":109},[55,33035,13155],{"class":129},[55,33037,1923],{"class":109},[55,33039,4174],{"class":65},[55,33041,33042,33044,33046,33048,33050,33052,33054,33056,33058,33060,33062],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,33043,4186],{"class":65},[55,33045,1923],{"class":109},[55,33047,24867],{"class":129},[55,33049,1923],{"class":109},[55,33051,163],{"class":65},[55,33053,32941],{"class":75},[55,33055,163],{"class":65},[55,33057,1918],{"class":109},[55,33059,13155],{"class":129},[55,33061,1923],{"class":109},[55,33063,924],{"class":65},[14,33065,11726],{},[240,33067,33068,33074,33080,33088],{},[243,33069,33070,33073],{},[18,33071,33072],{},"car"," is a dictionary",[243,33075,33076,33079],{},[18,33077,33078],{},"car.values()"," gets all values",[243,33081,33082,33085,33086,24670],{},[18,33083,33084],{},"print(result)"," shows the ",[18,33087,17086],{},[243,33089,33090,33093],{},[18,33091,33092],{},"print(list(result))"," shows the same values as a list",[41,33095,33097],{"id":33096},"looping-through-dictionary-values","Looping through dictionary values",[14,33099,33100,33101,26118],{},"You can loop through dictionary values with a ",[18,33102,6236],{},[46,33104,33106],{"className":48,"code":33105,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"english\": 85, \"science\": 88}\n\nfor value in scores.values():\n    print(value)\n",[18,33107,33108,33152,33156,33172],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,33109,33110,33112,33114,33116,33118,33120,33122,33124,33126,33128,33130,33132,33134,33136,33138,33140,33142,33144,33146,33148,33150],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,33111,5350],{"class":902},[55,33113,906],{"class":703},[55,33115,10529],{"class":65},[55,33117,126],{"class":109},[55,33119,18467],{"class":129},[55,33121,126],{"class":109},[55,33123,790],{"class":65},[55,33125,19949],{"class":75},[55,33127,163],{"class":65},[55,33129,793],{"class":109},[55,33131,31209],{"class":129},[55,33133,126],{"class":109},[55,33135,790],{"class":65},[55,33137,13553],{"class":75},[55,33139,163],{"class":65},[55,33141,793],{"class":109},[55,33143,18476],{"class":129},[55,33145,126],{"class":109},[55,33147,790],{"class":65},[55,33149,28975],{"class":75},[55,33151,9346],{"class":65},[55,33153,33154],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,33155,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,33157,33158,33160,33162,33164,33166,33168,33170],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,33159,6236],{"class":1193},[55,33161,21636],{"class":902},[55,33163,4168],{"class":1193},[55,33165,5397],{"class":902},[55,33167,29],{"class":65},[55,33169,5642],{"class":318},[55,33171,21647],{"class":65},[55,33173,33174,33176,33178,33180],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,33175,1204],{"class":61},[55,33177,66],{"class":65},[55,33179,319],{"class":318},[55,33181,322],{"class":65},[14,33183,281],{},[46,33185,33187],{"className":48,"code":33186,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"90\n85\n88\n",[18,33188,33189,33194,33199],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,33190,33191],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,33192,33193],{"class":75},"90\n",[55,33195,33196],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,33197,33198],{"class":75},"85\n",[55,33200,33201],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,33202,33203],{"class":75},"88\n",[14,33205,17760],{},[240,33207,33208,33211,33214],{},[243,33209,33210],{},"You only need the values",[243,33212,33213],{},"You do not care about the keys",[243,33215,33216],{},"You want simpler code",[14,33218,33219,33220,25,33224,29],{},"If you want to loop through keys and values together, see ",[294,33221,10776,33222,10780],{"href":17124},[18,33223,17127],{},[294,33225,22527],{"href":33226},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F",[41,33228,33230],{"id":33229},"converting-values-to-a-list","Converting values to a list",[14,33232,212,33233,33235],{},[18,33234,32798],{}," when you need a list.",[46,33237,33239],{"className":48,"code":33238,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"fruit_prices = {\"apple\": 2, \"banana\": 1, \"orange\": 3}\n\nprice_list = list(fruit_prices.values())\n\nprint(price_list)\nprint(price_list[0])\n",[18,33240,33241,33287,33291,33311,33315,33326],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,33242,33243,33246,33248,33250,33252,33254,33256,33258,33260,33262,33264,33266,33268,33270,33272,33274,33276,33279,33281,33283,33285],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,33244,33245],{"class":902},"fruit_prices ",[55,33247,906],{"class":703},[55,33249,10529],{"class":65},[55,33251,126],{"class":109},[55,33253,4364],{"class":129},[55,33255,126],{"class":109},[55,33257,790],{"class":65},[55,33259,166],{"class":75},[55,33261,163],{"class":65},[55,33263,793],{"class":109},[55,33265,4373],{"class":129},[55,33267,126],{"class":109},[55,33269,790],{"class":65},[55,33271,5782],{"class":75},[55,33273,163],{"class":65},[55,33275,793],{"class":109},[55,33277,33278],{"class":129},"orange",[55,33280,126],{"class":109},[55,33282,790],{"class":65},[55,33284,171],{"class":75},[55,33286,9346],{"class":65},[55,33288,33289],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,33290,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,33292,33293,33296,33298,33300,33302,33305,33307,33309],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,33294,33295],{"class":902},"price_list ",[55,33297,906],{"class":703},[55,33299,22612],{"class":69},[55,33301,66],{"class":65},[55,33303,33304],{"class":318},"fruit_prices",[55,33306,29],{"class":65},[55,33308,5642],{"class":318},[55,33310,278],{"class":65},[55,33312,33313],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,33314,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,33316,33317,33319,33321,33324],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,33318,62],{"class":61},[55,33320,66],{"class":65},[55,33322,33323],{"class":318},"price_list",[55,33325,322],{"class":65},[55,33327,33328,33330,33332,33334,33336,33338],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,33329,62],{"class":61},[55,33331,66],{"class":65},[55,33333,33323],{"class":318},[55,33335,4186],{"class":65},[55,33337,76],{"class":75},[55,33339,4174],{"class":65},[14,33341,281],{},[46,33343,33345],{"className":48,"code":33344,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[2, 1, 3]\n2\n",[18,33346,33347,33363],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,33348,33349,33351,33353,33355,33357,33359,33361],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,33350,4186],{"class":65},[55,33352,707],{"class":75},[55,33354,163],{"class":65},[55,33356,5782],{"class":75},[55,33358,163],{"class":65},[55,33360,171],{"class":75},[55,33362,924],{"class":65},[55,33364,33365],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,33366,17105],{"class":75},[14,33368,33369],{},"This is helpful for:",[240,33371,33372,33375,33378],{},[243,33373,33374],{},"Displaying the values as a normal list",[243,33376,33377],{},"Accessing values by index",[243,33379,33380],{},"Passing the values to code that expects a list",[14,33382,4211,33383,33385],{},[18,33384,17086],{}," is not the same as a list.",[41,33387,33389,10624,33391,10624,33393],{"id":33388},"values-vs-keys-vs-items",[18,33390,17120],{},[18,33392,17114],{},[18,33394,17127],{},[14,33396,33397],{},"These three dictionary methods are related, but they return different things:",[240,33399,33400,33405,33410],{},[243,33401,33402,33404],{},[18,33403,17120],{}," returns only the values",[243,33406,33407,33409],{},[18,33408,17114],{}," returns only the keys",[243,33411,33412,33414],{},[18,33413,17127],{}," returns key-value pairs",[14,33416,2428],{},[46,33418,33420],{"className":48,"code":33419,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.keys())\nprint(student.values())\nprint(student.items())\n",[18,33421,33422,33458,33462,33476,33490],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,33423,33424,33426,33428,33430,33432,33434,33436,33438,33440,33442,33444,33446,33448,33450,33452,33454,33456],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,33425,12908],{"class":902},[55,33427,906],{"class":703},[55,33429,10529],{"class":65},[55,33431,126],{"class":109},[55,33433,785],{"class":129},[55,33435,126],{"class":109},[55,33437,790],{"class":65},[55,33439,793],{"class":109},[55,33441,12925],{"class":129},[55,33443,126],{"class":109},[55,33445,163],{"class":65},[55,33447,793],{"class":109},[55,33449,9336],{"class":129},[55,33451,126],{"class":109},[55,33453,790],{"class":65},[55,33455,916],{"class":75},[55,33457,9346],{"class":65},[55,33459,33460],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,33461,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,33463,33464,33466,33468,33470,33472,33474],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,33465,62],{"class":61},[55,33467,66],{"class":65},[55,33469,13672],{"class":318},[55,33471,29],{"class":65},[55,33473,16972],{"class":318},[55,33475,278],{"class":65},[55,33477,33478,33480,33482,33484,33486,33488],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,33479,62],{"class":61},[55,33481,66],{"class":65},[55,33483,13672],{"class":318},[55,33485,29],{"class":65},[55,33487,5642],{"class":318},[55,33489,278],{"class":65},[55,33491,33492,33494,33496,33498,33500,33502],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,33493,62],{"class":61},[55,33495,66],{"class":65},[55,33497,13672],{"class":318},[55,33499,29],{"class":65},[55,33501,937],{"class":318},[55,33503,278],{"class":65},[14,33505,281],{},[46,33507,33509],{"className":48,"code":33508,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\ndict_items([('name', 20)])\n",[18,33510,33511,33533,33551],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,33512,33513,33515,33517,33519,33521,33523,33525,33527,33529,33531],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,33514,17063],{"class":318},[55,33516,158],{"class":65},[55,33518,1923],{"class":109},[55,33520,785],{"class":129},[55,33522,1923],{"class":109},[55,33524,163],{"class":65},[55,33526,1918],{"class":109},[55,33528,9336],{"class":129},[55,33530,1923],{"class":109},[55,33532,4174],{"class":65},[55,33534,33535,33537,33539,33541,33543,33545,33547,33549],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,33536,17086],{"class":318},[55,33538,158],{"class":65},[55,33540,1923],{"class":109},[55,33542,12925],{"class":129},[55,33544,1923],{"class":109},[55,33546,163],{"class":65},[55,33548,916],{"class":75},[55,33550,4174],{"class":65},[55,33552,33553,33555,33557,33559,33561,33563,33565,33567],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,33554,21960],{"class":318},[55,33556,9695],{"class":65},[55,33558,1923],{"class":109},[55,33560,785],{"class":129},[55,33562,1923],{"class":109},[55,33564,163],{"class":65},[55,33566,916],{"class":75},[55,33568,10718],{"class":65},[14,33570,18745],{},[240,33572,33573,33580,33587],{},[243,33574,33575,33579],{},[294,33576,33577],{"href":17111},[18,33578,17114],{}," when you need just the keys",[243,33581,33582,33586],{},[294,33583,33584],{"href":17117},[18,33585,17120],{}," when you need just the values",[243,33588,33589,33593],{},[294,33590,33591],{"href":17124},[18,33592,17127],{}," when you need both",[41,33595,4803],{"id":4802},[14,33597,33598,33599,29],{},"Here are some common problems with ",[18,33600,17120],{},[889,33602,29705,33604,33606],{"id":33603},"calling-values-on-the-wrong-type",[18,33605,17120],{}," on the wrong type",[14,33608,33609,33611],{},[18,33610,17120],{}," works on dictionaries only.",[14,33613,16692],{},[46,33615,33617],{"className":48,"code":33616,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(my_list.values())\n",[18,33618,33619,33639],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,33620,33621,33623,33625,33627,33629,33631,33633,33635,33637],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,33622,1446],{"class":902},[55,33624,906],{"class":703},[55,33626,909],{"class":65},[55,33628,93],{"class":75},[55,33630,163],{"class":65},[55,33632,166],{"class":75},[55,33634,163],{"class":65},[55,33636,171],{"class":75},[55,33638,924],{"class":65},[55,33640,33641,33643,33645,33647,33649,33651],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,33642,62],{"class":61},[55,33644,66],{"class":65},[55,33646,1477],{"class":318},[55,33648,29],{"class":65},[55,33650,5642],{"class":318},[55,33652,278],{"class":65},[14,33654,33655,33656,33658],{},"This causes an error because lists do not have a ",[18,33657,17120],{}," method.",[14,33660,33661],{},"To debug this, check the type:",[46,33663,33665],{"className":48,"code":33664,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(type(my_list))\n",[18,33666,33667],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,33668,33669,33671,33673,33675,33677,33679],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,33670,62],{"class":61},[55,33672,66],{"class":65},[55,33674,1879],{"class":69},[55,33676,66],{"class":65},[55,33678,1477],{"class":318},[55,33680,79],{"class":65},[14,33682,33683,33684,33686,33687,29],{},"If you get an ",[18,33685,25725],{},", see ",[294,33688,25733,33689,33691],{"href":25732},[18,33690,25736],{}," errors",[889,33693,4864,33695,33697],{"id":33694},"assuming-values-returns-a-list",[18,33696,17120],{}," returns a list",[14,33699,33700],{},"Beginners often expect this:",[46,33702,33704],{"className":48,"code":33703,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(type(values))\n",[18,33705,33706,33742,33756,33760],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,33707,33708,33710,33712,33714,33716,33718,33720,33722,33724,33726,33728,33730,33732,33734,33736,33738,33740],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,33709,12908],{"class":902},[55,33711,906],{"class":703},[55,33713,10529],{"class":65},[55,33715,126],{"class":109},[55,33717,785],{"class":129},[55,33719,126],{"class":109},[55,33721,790],{"class":65},[55,33723,793],{"class":109},[55,33725,12925],{"class":129},[55,33727,126],{"class":109},[55,33729,163],{"class":65},[55,33731,793],{"class":109},[55,33733,9336],{"class":129},[55,33735,126],{"class":109},[55,33737,790],{"class":65},[55,33739,916],{"class":75},[55,33741,9346],{"class":65},[55,33743,33744,33746,33748,33750,33752,33754],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,33745,4110],{"class":902},[55,33747,906],{"class":703},[55,33749,12951],{"class":902},[55,33751,29],{"class":65},[55,33753,5642],{"class":318},[55,33755,1789],{"class":65},[55,33757,33758],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,33759,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,33761,33762,33764,33766,33768,33770,33772],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,33763,62],{"class":61},[55,33765,66],{"class":65},[55,33767,1879],{"class":69},[55,33769,66],{"class":65},[55,33771,5642],{"class":318},[55,33773,79],{"class":65},[14,33775,281],{},[46,33777,33779],{"className":48,"code":33778,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"\u003Cclass 'dict_values'>\n",[18,33780,33781],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,33782,33783,33785,33787,33789,33791,33793],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,33784,1911],{"class":703},[55,33786,1915],{"class":1914},[55,33788,1918],{"class":109},[55,33790,17086],{"class":129},[55,33792,1923],{"class":109},[55,33794,1926],{"class":703},[14,33796,2157,33797,33799],{},[18,33798,17086],{},", not a list.",[14,33801,33802],{},"If you need a list:",[46,33804,33806],{"className":48,"code":33805,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = list(student.values())\n",[18,33807,33808],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,33809,33810,33812,33814,33816,33818,33820,33822,33824],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,33811,4110],{"class":902},[55,33813,906],{"class":703},[55,33815,22612],{"class":69},[55,33817,66],{"class":65},[55,33819,13672],{"class":318},[55,33821,29],{"class":65},[55,33823,5642],{"class":318},[55,33825,278],{"class":65},[889,33827,33829,33830],{"id":33828},"trying-to-use-an-index-directly-on-dict_values","Trying to use an index directly on ",[18,33831,17086],{},[14,33833,33834],{},"This may not work the way you expect:",[46,33836,33838],{"className":48,"code":33837,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\n# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[18,33839,33840,33876,33890,33894],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,33841,33842,33844,33846,33848,33850,33852,33854,33856,33858,33860,33862,33864,33866,33868,33870,33872,33874],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,33843,12908],{"class":902},[55,33845,906],{"class":703},[55,33847,10529],{"class":65},[55,33849,126],{"class":109},[55,33851,785],{"class":129},[55,33853,126],{"class":109},[55,33855,790],{"class":65},[55,33857,793],{"class":109},[55,33859,12925],{"class":129},[55,33861,126],{"class":109},[55,33863,163],{"class":65},[55,33865,793],{"class":109},[55,33867,9336],{"class":129},[55,33869,126],{"class":109},[55,33871,790],{"class":65},[55,33873,916],{"class":75},[55,33875,9346],{"class":65},[55,33877,33878,33880,33882,33884,33886,33888],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,33879,4110],{"class":902},[55,33881,906],{"class":703},[55,33883,12951],{"class":902},[55,33885,29],{"class":65},[55,33887,5642],{"class":318},[55,33889,1789],{"class":65},[55,33891,33892],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,33893,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,33895,33896],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,33897,33898],{"class":3956},"# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[14,33900,33901],{},"Convert to a list first:",[46,33903,33905],{"className":48,"code":33904,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = list(student.values())\n\nprint(values[0])\n",[18,33906,33907,33943,33961,33965],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,33908,33909,33911,33913,33915,33917,33919,33921,33923,33925,33927,33929,33931,33933,33935,33937,33939,33941],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,33910,12908],{"class":902},[55,33912,906],{"class":703},[55,33914,10529],{"class":65},[55,33916,126],{"class":109},[55,33918,785],{"class":129},[55,33920,126],{"class":109},[55,33922,790],{"class":65},[55,33924,793],{"class":109},[55,33926,12925],{"class":129},[55,33928,126],{"class":109},[55,33930,163],{"class":65},[55,33932,793],{"class":109},[55,33934,9336],{"class":129},[55,33936,126],{"class":109},[55,33938,790],{"class":65},[55,33940,916],{"class":75},[55,33942,9346],{"class":65},[55,33944,33945,33947,33949,33951,33953,33955,33957,33959],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,33946,4110],{"class":902},[55,33948,906],{"class":703},[55,33950,22612],{"class":69},[55,33952,66],{"class":65},[55,33954,13672],{"class":318},[55,33956,29],{"class":65},[55,33958,5642],{"class":318},[55,33960,278],{"class":65},[55,33962,33963],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,33964,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,33966,33967,33969,33971,33973,33975,33977],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,33968,62],{"class":61},[55,33970,66],{"class":65},[55,33972,5642],{"class":318},[55,33974,4186],{"class":65},[55,33976,76],{"class":75},[55,33978,4174],{"class":65},[889,33980,1556,33982,11132,33984],{"id":33981},"using-values-instead-of-values",[18,33983,5642],{},[18,33985,17120],{},[14,33987,33988],{},"This is also a common mistake:",[46,33990,33992],{"className":48,"code":33991,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.values)\n",[18,33993,33994,34030,34034],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,33995,33996,33998,34000,34002,34004,34006,34008,34010,34012,34014,34016,34018,34020,34022,34024,34026,34028],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,33997,12908],{"class":902},[55,33999,906],{"class":703},[55,34001,10529],{"class":65},[55,34003,126],{"class":109},[55,34005,785],{"class":129},[55,34007,126],{"class":109},[55,34009,790],{"class":65},[55,34011,793],{"class":109},[55,34013,12925],{"class":129},[55,34015,126],{"class":109},[55,34017,163],{"class":65},[55,34019,793],{"class":109},[55,34021,9336],{"class":129},[55,34023,126],{"class":109},[55,34025,790],{"class":65},[55,34027,916],{"class":75},[55,34029,9346],{"class":65},[55,34031,34032],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,34033,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,34035,34036,34038,34040,34042,34044,34046],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,34037,62],{"class":61},[55,34039,66],{"class":65},[55,34041,13672],{"class":318},[55,34043,29],{"class":65},[55,34045,5642],{"class":24803},[55,34047,322],{"class":65},[14,34049,34050,34053],{},[18,34051,34052],{},"student.values"," refers to the method itself, not the result.",[14,34055,18745],{},[46,34057,34059],{"className":48,"code":34058,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(student.values())\n",[18,34060,34061],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,34062,34063,34065,34067,34069,34071,34073],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,34064,62],{"class":61},[55,34066,66],{"class":65},[55,34068,13672],{"class":318},[55,34070,29],{"class":65},[55,34072,5642],{"class":318},[55,34074,278],{"class":65},[889,34076,34078],{"id":34077},"using-parentheses-incorrectly-on-the-dictionary-variable","Using parentheses incorrectly on the dictionary variable",[14,34080,34081],{},"Make sure the method is called on the dictionary:",[46,34083,34085],{"className":48,"code":34084,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(data.values())\n",[18,34086,34087,34119],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,34088,34089,34091,34093,34095,34097,34099,34101,34103,34105,34107,34109,34111,34113,34115,34117],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,34090,9202],{"class":902},[55,34092,906],{"class":703},[55,34094,10529],{"class":65},[55,34096,126],{"class":109},[55,34098,294],{"class":129},[55,34100,126],{"class":109},[55,34102,790],{"class":65},[55,34104,5782],{"class":75},[55,34106,163],{"class":65},[55,34108,793],{"class":109},[55,34110,5046],{"class":129},[55,34112,126],{"class":109},[55,34114,790],{"class":65},[55,34116,166],{"class":75},[55,34118,9346],{"class":65},[55,34120,34121,34123,34125,34127,34129,34131],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,34122,62],{"class":61},[55,34124,66],{"class":65},[55,34126,9241],{"class":318},[55,34128,29],{"class":65},[55,34130,5642],{"class":318},[55,34132,278],{"class":65},[14,34134,34135],{},"Not like this:",[46,34137,34139],{"className":48,"code":34138,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"# Wrong examples:\n# data().values()\n# values(data)\n",[18,34140,34141,34146,34151],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,34142,34143],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,34144,34145],{"class":3956},"# Wrong examples:\n",[55,34147,34148],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,34149,34150],{"class":3956},"# data().values()\n",[55,34152,34153],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,34154,34155],{"class":3956},"# values(data)\n",[14,34157,3635],{},[46,34159,34161],{"className":48,"code":34160,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(list(my_dict.values()))\n",[18,34162,34163,34177,34187,34201],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,34164,34165,34167,34169,34171,34173,34175],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,34166,62],{"class":61},[55,34168,66],{"class":65},[55,34170,1879],{"class":69},[55,34172,66],{"class":65},[55,34174,11491],{"class":318},[55,34176,79],{"class":65},[55,34178,34179,34181,34183,34185],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,34180,62],{"class":61},[55,34182,66],{"class":65},[55,34184,11491],{"class":318},[55,34186,322],{"class":65},[55,34188,34189,34191,34193,34195,34197,34199],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,34190,62],{"class":61},[55,34192,66],{"class":65},[55,34194,11491],{"class":318},[55,34196,29],{"class":65},[55,34198,5642],{"class":318},[55,34200,278],{"class":65},[55,34202,34203,34205,34207,34209,34211,34213,34215,34217],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,34204,62],{"class":61},[55,34206,66],{"class":65},[55,34208,1229],{"class":69},[55,34210,66],{"class":65},[55,34212,11491],{"class":318},[55,34214,29],{"class":65},[55,34216,5642],{"class":318},[55,34218,579],{"class":65},[41,34220,2139],{"id":2138},[889,34222,5429,34224,5432],{"id":34223},"what-does-dictvalues-return-in-python",[18,34225,32377],{},[14,34227,17471,34228,34230],{},[18,34229,17086],{}," view object containing the dictionary's values.",[889,34232,12748,34234,23984],{"id":34233},"does-values-return-a-list",[18,34235,17120],{},[14,34237,23987,34238,23991],{},[18,34239,34240],{},"list(...)",[889,34242,26110,34244,2794],{"id":34243},"can-i-loop-through-dictvalues",[18,34245,32377],{},[14,34247,34248,34249,26118],{},"Yes. It is iterable, so you can use it in a ",[18,34250,6236],{},[889,34252,12748,34254,34256],{"id":34253},"does-dictvalues-change-if-the-dictionary-changes",[18,34255,32377],{}," change if the dictionary changes?",[14,34258,34259],{},"Yes. The returned view reflects updates to the dictionary.",[889,34261,34263,34264,34266,34267,2794],{"id":34262},"how-is-values-different-from-items","How is ",[18,34265,17120],{}," different from ",[18,34268,17127],{},[14,34270,34271,34273,34274,34276],{},[18,34272,17120],{}," returns only values. ",[18,34275,17127],{}," returns key-value pairs.",[41,34278,2193],{"id":2192},[240,34280,34281,34287,34293,34297,34303,34307],{},[243,34282,34283],{},[294,34284,10776,34285,10780],{"href":17111},[18,34286,17114],{},[243,34288,34289],{},[294,34290,10776,34291,10780],{"href":17124},[18,34292,17127],{},[243,34294,34295],{},[294,34296,11283],{"href":9428},[243,34298,34299],{},[294,34300,34302],{"href":34301},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-values-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all values from a dictionary in Python",[243,34304,34305],{},[294,34306,24069],{"href":33226},[243,34308,34309],{},[294,34310,30403,34311],{"href":25732},[18,34312,34313],{},"AttributeError: object has no attribute",[2226,34315,34316],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":34318},[34319,34320,34322,34323,34325,34326,34327,34328,34330,34341,34353],{"id":2307,"depth":82,"text":2308},{"id":32547,"depth":82,"text":34321},"What values() does",{"id":2459,"depth":82,"text":2460},{"id":32617,"depth":82,"text":34324},"What values() returns",{"id":11516,"depth":82,"text":11517},{"id":33096,"depth":82,"text":33097},{"id":33229,"depth":82,"text":33230},{"id":33388,"depth":82,"text":34329},"values() vs keys() vs items()",{"id":4802,"depth":82,"text":4803,"children":34331},[34332,34334,34336,34338,34340],{"id":33603,"depth":98,"text":34333},"Calling values() on the wrong type",{"id":33694,"depth":98,"text":34335},"Assuming values() returns a list",{"id":33828,"depth":98,"text":34337},"Trying to use an index directly on dict_values",{"id":33981,"depth":98,"text":34339},"Using values instead of values()",{"id":34077,"depth":98,"text":34078},{"id":2138,"depth":82,"text":2139,"children":34342},[34343,34345,34347,34349,34351],{"id":34223,"depth":98,"text":34344},"What does dict.values() return in Python?",{"id":34233,"depth":98,"text":34346},"Does values() return a list?",{"id":34243,"depth":98,"text":34348},"Can I loop through dict.values()?",{"id":34253,"depth":98,"text":34350},"Does dict.values() change if the dictionary changes?",{"id":34262,"depth":98,"text":34352},"How is values() different from items()?",{"id":2192,"depth":82,"text":2193},"Master python dictionary values method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":32364,"description":34354},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method","C7FI1a366YPc1nISHwbHD3SBOEKiby2QGVuyezuVqKU",{"id":34360,"title":34361,"body":34362,"description":35793,"extension":2267,"meta":35794,"navigation":1121,"path":35795,"seo":35796,"stem":35797,"__hash__":35798},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained.md","Python dir() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":34363,"toc":35745},[34364,34370,34375,34378,34394,34403,34405,34437,34443,34446,34541,34544,34549,34554,34557,34568,34570,34584,34590,34592,34597,34603,34606,34645,34653,34658,34661,34706,34709,34721,34727,34733,34737,34770,34773,34791,34794,34798,34837,34839,34859,34862,34874,34879,34885,34888,34943,34946,34957,34960,34971,34974,34978,34984,34986,35016,35019,35034,35037,35040,35059,35062,35078,35087,35089,35120,35126,35131,35134,35141,35172,35175,35197,35200,35203,35217,35221,35252,35267,35274,35281,35285,35293,35297,35305,35308,35357,35368,35370,35373,35379,35384,35394,35398,35401,35404,35408,35411,35413,35434,35438,35444,35455,35461,35463,35469,35493,35496,35559,35562,35590,35593,35655,35657,35662,35665,35672,35680,35687,35690,35698,35704,35706,35733,35742],[10,34365,3871,34367,3875],{"id":34366},"python-dir-function-explained",[18,34368,34369],{},"dir()",[14,34371,32374,34372,34374],{},[18,34373,34369],{}," function is a simple inspection tool. It helps you see what names are available on an object, module, or in the current scope.",[14,34376,34377],{},"This is especially useful when you are:",[240,34379,34380,34383,34386,34391],{},[243,34381,34382],{},"learning Python",[243,34384,34385],{},"exploring a new object",[243,34387,34388,34389],{},"debugging an ",[18,34390,25725],{},[243,34392,34393],{},"checking what methods exist on a value",[14,34395,34396,34397,34399,34400],{},"In short, ",[18,34398,34369],{}," helps you answer the question: ",[435,34401,34402],{},"“What can I use here?”",[41,34404,2308],{"id":2307},[46,34406,34408],{"className":48,"code":34407,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(name))\n",[18,34409,34410,34422],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,34411,34412,34414,34416,34418,34420],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,34413,1004],{"class":902},[55,34415,906],{"class":703},[55,34417,793],{"class":109},[55,34419,130],{"class":129},[55,34421,1052],{"class":109},[55,34423,34424,34426,34428,34431,34433,34435],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,34425,62],{"class":61},[55,34427,66],{"class":65},[55,34429,34430],{"class":61},"dir",[55,34432,66],{"class":65},[55,34434,785],{"class":318},[55,34436,79],{"class":65},[14,34438,212,34439,34442],{},[18,34440,34441],{},"dir(object)"," to see the attributes and methods available on that object.",[14,34444,34445],{},"Example output will include names such as:",[46,34447,34449],{"className":48,"code":34448,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', ..., 'lower', 'split', 'upper']\n",[18,34450,34451],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,34452,34453,34455,34457,34460,34462,34464,34466,34469,34471,34473,34475,34478,34480,34482,34484,34487,34489,34491,34493,34496,34498,34500,34502,34505,34507,34509,34513,34515,34517,34519,34521,34523,34525,34528,34530,34532,34534,34537,34539],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,34454,4186],{"class":65},[55,34456,1923],{"class":109},[55,34458,34459],{"class":129},"__add__",[55,34461,1923],{"class":109},[55,34463,163],{"class":65},[55,34465,1918],{"class":109},[55,34467,34468],{"class":129},"__class__",[55,34470,1923],{"class":109},[55,34472,163],{"class":65},[55,34474,1918],{"class":109},[55,34476,34477],{"class":129},"__contains__",[55,34479,1923],{"class":109},[55,34481,163],{"class":65},[55,34483,1918],{"class":109},[55,34485,34486],{"class":129},"__delattr__",[55,34488,1923],{"class":109},[55,34490,163],{"class":65},[55,34492,1918],{"class":109},[55,34494,34495],{"class":129},"__dir__",[55,34497,1923],{"class":109},[55,34499,163],{"class":65},[55,34501,1918],{"class":109},[55,34503,34504],{"class":129},"__doc__",[55,34506,1923],{"class":109},[55,34508,163],{"class":65},[55,34510,34512],{"class":34511},"s_hVV"," ...",[55,34514,163],{"class":65},[55,34516,1918],{"class":109},[55,34518,1786],{"class":129},[55,34520,1923],{"class":109},[55,34522,163],{"class":65},[55,34524,1918],{"class":109},[55,34526,34527],{"class":129},"split",[55,34529,1923],{"class":109},[55,34531,163],{"class":65},[55,34533,1918],{"class":109},[55,34535,34536],{"class":129},"upper",[55,34538,1923],{"class":109},[55,34540,924],{"class":65},[14,34542,34543],{},"Notice that the result is a list of strings.",[41,34545,3970,34547,3973],{"id":34546},"what-dir-does",[18,34548,34369],{},[14,34550,34551,34553],{},[18,34552,34369],{}," shows the names available on an object.",[14,34555,34556],{},"It usually includes:",[240,34558,34559,34562,34565],{},[243,34560,34561],{},"attributes",[243,34563,34564],{},"methods",[243,34566,34567],{},"special Python names",[14,34569,11500],{},[240,34571,34572,34578,34581],{},[243,34573,34574,34575],{},"The result is a ",[435,34576,34577],{},"list of strings",[243,34579,34580],{},"Each string is the name of something available on that object",[243,34582,34583],{},"It is often used for exploration and debugging",[14,34585,34586,34587,34589],{},"For example, if you want to know what you can do with a string, ",[18,34588,34369],{}," gives you a list of available names.",[41,34591,2460],{"id":2459},[14,34593,34594,34596],{},[18,34595,34369],{}," can be used in two main ways.",[889,34598,34600,34602],{"id":34599},"dir-with-no-argument",[18,34601,34369],{}," with no argument",[14,34604,34605],{},"This shows names in the current scope.",[46,34607,34609],{"className":48,"code":34608,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"x = 10\nname = \"Sam\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[18,34610,34611,34619,34631,34635],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,34612,34613,34615,34617],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,34614,3323],{"class":902},[55,34616,906],{"class":703},[55,34618,2890],{"class":75},[55,34620,34621,34623,34625,34627,34629],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,34622,1004],{"class":902},[55,34624,906],{"class":703},[55,34626,793],{"class":109},[55,34628,796],{"class":129},[55,34630,1052],{"class":109},[55,34632,34633],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,34634,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,34636,34637,34639,34641,34643],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,34638,62],{"class":61},[55,34640,66],{"class":65},[55,34642,34430],{"class":61},[55,34644,278],{"class":65},[14,34646,34647,34648,4679,34650,34652],{},"This will show names such as ",[18,34649,2477],{},[18,34651,785],{},", along with other names available in that scope.",[889,34654,34656],{"id":34655},"dirobject",[18,34657,34441],{},[14,34659,34660],{},"This shows names related to a specific object.",[46,34662,34664],{"className":48,"code":34663,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(dir(\"hello\"))\nprint(dir([1, 2, 3]))\n",[18,34665,34666,34684],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,34667,34668,34670,34672,34674,34676,34678,34680,34682],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,34669,62],{"class":61},[55,34671,66],{"class":65},[55,34673,34430],{"class":61},[55,34675,66],{"class":65},[55,34677,126],{"class":109},[55,34679,130],{"class":129},[55,34681,126],{"class":109},[55,34683,79],{"class":65},[55,34685,34686,34688,34690,34692,34694,34696,34698,34700,34702,34704],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,34687,62],{"class":61},[55,34689,66],{"class":65},[55,34691,34430],{"class":61},[55,34693,158],{"class":65},[55,34695,93],{"class":75},[55,34697,163],{"class":65},[55,34699,166],{"class":75},[55,34701,163],{"class":65},[55,34703,171],{"class":75},[55,34705,174],{"class":65},[14,34707,34708],{},"Common objects you might inspect:",[240,34710,34711,34713,34715,34718],{},[243,34712,335],{},[243,34714,338],{},[243,34716,34717],{},"modules",[243,34719,34720],{},"custom objects",[41,34722,1556,34724,34726],{"id":34723},"using-dir-with-a-value",[18,34725,34369],{}," with a value",[14,34728,34729,34730,34732],{},"A common use of ",[18,34731,34369],{}," is passing in a value to see what methods it has.",[889,34734,34736],{"id":34735},"example-string-methods","Example: string methods",[46,34738,34740],{"className":48,"code":34739,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(text))\n",[18,34741,34742,34755],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,34743,34744,34747,34749,34751,34753],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,34745,34746],{"class":902},"text ",[55,34748,906],{"class":703},[55,34750,793],{"class":109},[55,34752,130],{"class":129},[55,34754,1052],{"class":109},[55,34756,34757,34759,34761,34763,34765,34768],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,34758,62],{"class":61},[55,34760,66],{"class":65},[55,34762,34430],{"class":61},[55,34764,66],{"class":65},[55,34766,34767],{"class":318},"text",[55,34769,79],{"class":65},[14,34771,34772],{},"You will see method names like:",[240,34774,34775,34779,34783,34787],{},[243,34776,34777],{},[18,34778,1786],{},[243,34780,34781],{},[18,34782,34536],{},[243,34784,34785],{},[18,34786,34527],{},[243,34788,34789],{},[18,34790,1780],{},[14,34792,34793],{},"This tells you what operations are available for strings.",[889,34795,34797],{"id":34796},"example-list-methods","Example: list methods",[46,34799,34801],{"className":48,"code":34800,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(dir(numbers))\n",[18,34802,34803,34823],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,34804,34805,34807,34809,34811,34813,34815,34817,34819,34821],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,34806,1168],{"class":902},[55,34808,906],{"class":703},[55,34810,909],{"class":65},[55,34812,93],{"class":75},[55,34814,163],{"class":65},[55,34816,166],{"class":75},[55,34818,163],{"class":65},[55,34820,171],{"class":75},[55,34822,924],{"class":65},[55,34824,34825,34827,34829,34831,34833,34835],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,34826,62],{"class":61},[55,34828,66],{"class":65},[55,34830,34430],{"class":61},[55,34832,66],{"class":65},[55,34834,332],{"class":318},[55,34836,79],{"class":65},[14,34838,34772],{},[240,34840,34841,34845,34849,34854],{},[243,34842,34843],{},[18,34844,13599],{},[243,34846,34847],{},[18,34848,26295],{},[243,34850,34851],{},[18,34852,34853],{},"remove",[243,34855,34856],{},[18,34857,34858],{},"sort",[14,34860,34861],{},"This is a good way to discover what you can do with a list.",[14,34863,34864,34865,34870,34871,34873],{},"If you are not sure what kind of object you have, ",[294,34866,34868],{"href":34867},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained",[18,34869,2606],{}," can help first. Then ",[18,34872,34369],{}," can show what names are available on that object.",[41,34875,1556,34877,34602],{"id":34876},"using-dir-with-no-argument",[18,34878,34369],{},[14,34880,34881,34882,34884],{},"When used with no argument, ",[18,34883,34369],{}," shows names currently defined in your local scope.",[14,34886,34887],{},"This is useful when working in the Python shell.",[46,34889,34891],{"className":48,"code":34890,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"x = 5\n\ndef greet():\n    return \"Hello\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[18,34892,34893,34902,34906,34917,34929,34933],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,34894,34895,34897,34899],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,34896,3323],{"class":902},[55,34898,906],{"class":703},[55,34900,34901],{"class":75}," 5\n",[55,34903,34904],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,34905,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,34907,34908,34911,34915],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,34909,34910],{"class":1914},"def",[55,34912,34914],{"class":34913},"sGLFI"," greet",[55,34916,21647],{"class":65},[55,34918,34919,34922,34924,34927],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,34920,34921],{"class":1193},"    return",[55,34923,793],{"class":109},[55,34925,34926],{"class":129},"Hello",[55,34928,1052],{"class":109},[55,34930,34931],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,34932,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,34934,34935,34937,34939,34941],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,34936,62],{"class":61},[55,34938,66],{"class":65},[55,34940,34430],{"class":61},[55,34942,278],{"class":65},[14,34944,34945],{},"The output will include names like:",[240,34947,34948,34952],{},[243,34949,34950],{},[18,34951,2477],{},[243,34953,34954],{},[18,34955,34956],{},"greet",[14,34958,34959],{},"This is helpful for checking:",[240,34961,34962,34965,34968],{},[243,34963,34964],{},"what variables exist",[243,34966,34967],{},"what functions you have defined",[243,34969,34970],{},"what names are currently available",[14,34972,34973],{},"It is especially useful while experimenting in the interactive Python shell.",[41,34975,34977],{"id":34976},"how-to-read-the-output","How to read the output",[14,34979,34980,34981,34983],{},"When you first use ",[18,34982,34369],{},", the output can look overwhelming.",[14,34985,358],{},[46,34987,34988],{"className":48,"code":34739,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,34989,34990,35002],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,34991,34992,34994,34996,34998,35000],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,34993,34746],{"class":902},[55,34995,906],{"class":703},[55,34997,793],{"class":109},[55,34999,130],{"class":129},[55,35001,1052],{"class":109},[55,35003,35004,35006,35008,35010,35012,35014],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,35005,62],{"class":61},[55,35007,66],{"class":65},[55,35009,34430],{"class":61},[55,35011,66],{"class":65},[55,35013,34767],{"class":318},[55,35015,79],{"class":65},[14,35017,35018],{},"You will probably see many names that start and end with double underscores, such as:",[240,35020,35021,35025,35029],{},[243,35022,35023],{},[18,35024,34468],{},[243,35026,35027],{},[18,35028,34504],{},[243,35030,35031],{},[18,35032,35033],{},"__len__",[14,35035,35036],{},"These are special Python names used by the language itself.",[14,35038,35039],{},"As a beginner, it is usually better to focus first on regular method names such as:",[240,35041,35042,35046,35050,35054],{},[243,35043,35044],{},[18,35045,34536],{},[243,35047,35048],{},[18,35049,1786],{},[243,35051,35052],{},[18,35053,34527],{},[243,35055,35056],{},[18,35057,35058],{},"replace",[14,35060,35061],{},"A key point to remember:",[240,35063,35064,35072],{},[243,35065,35066,35068,35069],{},[18,35067,34369],{}," lists ",[435,35070,35071],{},"names only",[243,35073,35074,35075,35077],{},"it does ",[435,35076,4916],{}," explain what each name does",[14,35079,35080,35081,29],{},"If you want an explanation of a method, use ",[294,35082,35084],{"href":35083},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained",[18,35085,35086],{},"help()",[14,35088,5756],{},[46,35090,35092],{"className":48,"code":35091,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name = \"hello\"\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[18,35093,35094,35106],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,35095,35096,35098,35100,35102,35104],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,35097,1004],{"class":902},[55,35099,906],{"class":703},[55,35101,793],{"class":109},[55,35103,130],{"class":129},[55,35105,1052],{"class":109},[55,35107,35108,35110,35112,35114,35116,35118],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,35109,32209],{"class":61},[55,35111,66],{"class":65},[55,35113,785],{"class":318},[55,35115,29],{"class":65},[55,35117,34536],{"class":24803},[55,35119,322],{"class":65},[41,35121,35123,35125],{"id":35122},"dir-on-modules",[18,35124,34369],{}," on modules",[14,35127,15762,35128,35130],{},[18,35129,34369],{}," on modules after importing them.",[14,35132,35133],{},"This is useful when you want to explore what a module provides.",[889,35135,35137,35138,35140],{"id":35136},"example-math-module","Example: ",[18,35139,18467],{}," module",[46,35142,35144],{"className":48,"code":35143,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"import math\n\nprint(dir(math))\n",[18,35145,35146,35154,35158],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,35147,35148,35151],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,35149,35150],{"class":1193},"import",[55,35152,35153],{"class":902}," math\n",[55,35155,35156],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,35157,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,35159,35160,35162,35164,35166,35168,35170],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,35161,62],{"class":61},[55,35163,66],{"class":65},[55,35165,34430],{"class":61},[55,35167,66],{"class":65},[55,35169,18467],{"class":318},[55,35171,79],{"class":65},[14,35173,35174],{},"You may see names like:",[240,35176,35177,35182,35187,35192],{},[243,35178,35179],{},[18,35180,35181],{},"sqrt",[243,35183,35184],{},[18,35185,35186],{},"ceil",[243,35188,35189],{},[18,35190,35191],{},"floor",[243,35193,35194],{},[18,35195,35196],{},"pi",[14,35198,35199],{},"This helps you discover available functions and constants.",[14,35201,35202],{},"If you are exploring modules, these pages may help too:",[240,35204,35205,35211],{},[243,35206,35207],{},[294,35208,35210],{"href":35209},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-modules-explained","Python modules explained",[243,35212,35213],{},[294,35214,35216],{"href":35215},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview","Python math module overview",[889,35218,35220],{"id":35219},"another-example","Another example",[46,35222,35224],{"className":48,"code":35223,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"import json\n\nprint(dir(json))\n",[18,35225,35226,35233,35237],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,35227,35228,35230],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,35229,35150],{"class":1193},[55,35231,35232],{"class":902}," json\n",[55,35234,35235],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,35236,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,35238,35239,35241,35243,35245,35247,35250],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,35240,62],{"class":61},[55,35242,66],{"class":65},[55,35244,34430],{"class":61},[55,35246,66],{"class":65},[55,35248,35249],{"class":318},"json",[55,35251,79],{"class":65},[14,35253,35254,35255,2493,35258,2493,35261,17121,35264,29],{},"This can help you quickly spot useful names such as ",[18,35256,35257],{},"dump",[18,35259,35260],{},"dumps",[18,35262,35263],{},"load",[18,35265,35266],{},"loads",[41,35268,35270,10624,35272],{"id":35269},"dir-vs-help",[18,35271,34369],{},[18,35273,35086],{},[14,35275,35276,4679,35278,35280],{},[18,35277,34369],{},[18,35279,35086],{}," are often used together.",[889,35282,35283],{"id":34430},[18,35284,34369],{},[240,35286,35287,35290],{},[243,35288,35289],{},"shows available names",[243,35291,35292],{},"helps you discover methods and attributes",[889,35294,35295],{"id":32209},[18,35296,35086],{},[240,35298,35299,35302],{},[243,35300,35301],{},"explains what an object or function does",[243,35303,35304],{},"shows usage details and documentation",[14,35306,35307],{},"A common beginner workflow looks like this:",[46,35309,35311],{"className":48,"code":35310,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[18,35312,35313,35325,35329,35343],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,35314,35315,35317,35319,35321,35323],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,35316,1004],{"class":902},[55,35318,906],{"class":703},[55,35320,793],{"class":109},[55,35322,130],{"class":129},[55,35324,1052],{"class":109},[55,35326,35327],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,35328,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,35330,35331,35333,35335,35337,35339,35341],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,35332,62],{"class":61},[55,35334,66],{"class":65},[55,35336,34430],{"class":61},[55,35338,66],{"class":65},[55,35340,785],{"class":318},[55,35342,79],{"class":65},[55,35344,35345,35347,35349,35351,35353,35355],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,35346,32209],{"class":61},[55,35348,66],{"class":65},[55,35350,785],{"class":318},[55,35352,29],{"class":65},[55,35354,34536],{"class":24803},[55,35356,322],{"class":65},[14,35358,212,35359,35361,35362,35364,35365,35367],{},[18,35360,34369],{}," first to find a method name.",[9884,35363],{},"\nThen use ",[18,35366,35086],{}," to understand how to use it.",[41,35369,25411],{"id":25410},[14,35371,35372],{},"Here are a few things that often confuse beginners.",[889,35374,35376,35378],{"id":35375},"dir-returns-names-not-values",[18,35377,34369],{}," returns names, not values",[14,35380,35381,35383],{},[18,35382,34369],{}," does not give you the actual value of an attribute. It only gives you its name.",[14,35385,35386,35387,35389,35390,35393],{},"For example, seeing ",[18,35388,34536],{}," in ",[18,35391,35392],{},"dir(\"hello\")"," does not run the method. It only tells you the method exists.",[889,35395,35397],{"id":35396},"not-every-name-is-for-everyday-use","Not every name is for everyday use",[14,35399,35400],{},"Many names in the output are special Python internals, especially names with double underscores.",[14,35402,35403],{},"Beginners usually do not need most of these right away.",[889,35405,35407],{"id":35406},"output-can-vary","Output can vary",[14,35409,35410],{},"The exact output depends on the object type.",[14,35412,5756],{},[240,35414,35415,35420,35426],{},[243,35416,35417,35419],{},[18,35418,35392],{}," shows string-related names",[243,35421,35422,35425],{},[18,35423,35424],{},"dir([1, 2, 3])"," shows list-related names",[243,35427,35428,35431,35432,35140],{},[18,35429,35430],{},"dir(math)"," shows names from the ",[18,35433,18467],{},[889,35435,35437],{"id":35436},"a-name-existing-does-not-mean-you-know-how-to-call-it","A name existing does not mean you know how to call it",[14,35439,35440,35441,35443],{},"Just because a method appears in ",[18,35442,34369],{}," does not mean you already know:",[240,35445,35446,35449,35452],{},[243,35447,35448],{},"what it does",[243,35450,35451],{},"what arguments it needs",[243,35453,35454],{},"what it returns",[14,35456,35457,35458,35460],{},"That is why ",[18,35459,35086],{}," is the natural next step.",[41,35462,1586],{"id":1585},[14,35464,35465,35466,35468],{},"Beginners often use ",[18,35467,34369],{}," in these situations:",[240,35470,35471,35474,35483,35486],{},[243,35472,35473],{},"Trying to understand what methods are available on a string, list, or dictionary",[243,35475,35476,35477,35482],{},"Seeing an ",[294,35478,35480],{"href":35479},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix",[18,35481,25725],{}," and wanting to check valid attribute names",[243,35484,35485],{},"Exploring a module without knowing its functions",[243,35487,1556,35488,35490,35491],{},[18,35489,34369],{}," output without following up with documentation or ",[18,35492,35086],{},[14,35494,35495],{},"A simple debugging workflow is:",[46,35497,35499],{"className":48,"code":35498,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(type(name))\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[18,35500,35501,35513,35517,35531,35545],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,35502,35503,35505,35507,35509,35511],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,35504,1004],{"class":902},[55,35506,906],{"class":703},[55,35508,793],{"class":109},[55,35510,130],{"class":129},[55,35512,1052],{"class":109},[55,35514,35515],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,35516,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,35518,35519,35521,35523,35525,35527,35529],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,35520,62],{"class":61},[55,35522,66],{"class":65},[55,35524,1879],{"class":69},[55,35526,66],{"class":65},[55,35528,785],{"class":318},[55,35530,79],{"class":65},[55,35532,35533,35535,35537,35539,35541,35543],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,35534,62],{"class":61},[55,35536,66],{"class":65},[55,35538,34430],{"class":61},[55,35540,66],{"class":65},[55,35542,785],{"class":318},[55,35544,79],{"class":65},[55,35546,35547,35549,35551,35553,35555,35557],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,35548,32209],{"class":61},[55,35550,66],{"class":65},[55,35552,785],{"class":318},[55,35554,29],{"class":65},[55,35556,34536],{"class":24803},[55,35558,322],{"class":65},[14,35560,35561],{},"And for modules:",[46,35563,35564],{"className":48,"code":35143,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,35565,35566,35572,35576],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,35567,35568,35570],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,35569,35150],{"class":1193},[55,35571,35153],{"class":902},[55,35573,35574],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,35575,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,35577,35578,35580,35582,35584,35586,35588],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,35579,62],{"class":61},[55,35581,66],{"class":65},[55,35583,34430],{"class":61},[55,35585,66],{"class":65},[55,35587,18467],{"class":318},[55,35589,79],{"class":65},[14,35591,35592],{},"You can try the same commands in the Python shell:",[46,35594,35596],{"className":48,"code":35595,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"python\nname = \"hello\"\ndir(name)\nhelp(name.upper)\nimport math\ndir(math)\n",[18,35597,35598,35603,35615,35625,35639,35645],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,35599,35600],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,35601,35602],{"class":902},"python\n",[55,35604,35605,35607,35609,35611,35613],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,35606,1004],{"class":902},[55,35608,906],{"class":703},[55,35610,793],{"class":109},[55,35612,130],{"class":129},[55,35614,1052],{"class":109},[55,35616,35617,35619,35621,35623],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,35618,34430],{"class":61},[55,35620,66],{"class":65},[55,35622,785],{"class":318},[55,35624,322],{"class":65},[55,35626,35627,35629,35631,35633,35635,35637],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,35628,32209],{"class":61},[55,35630,66],{"class":65},[55,35632,785],{"class":318},[55,35634,29],{"class":65},[55,35636,34536],{"class":24803},[55,35638,322],{"class":65},[55,35640,35641,35643],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,35642,35150],{"class":1193},[55,35644,35153],{"class":902},[55,35646,35647,35649,35651,35653],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,35648,34430],{"class":61},[55,35650,66],{"class":65},[55,35652,18467],{"class":318},[55,35654,322],{"class":65},[41,35656,2139],{"id":2138},[889,35658,5429,35660,5432],{"id":35659},"what-does-dir-return-in-python",[18,35661,34369],{},[14,35663,35664],{},"It returns a list of strings containing attribute and method names for an object, or names in the current scope when called with no argument.",[889,35666,5466,35668,4679,35670,2794],{"id":35667},"what-is-the-difference-between-dir-and-help",[18,35669,34369],{},[18,35671,35086],{},[14,35673,35674,35676,35677,35679],{},[18,35675,34369],{}," lists available names. ",[18,35678,35086],{}," gives documentation and usage details.",[889,35681,35683,35684,35686],{"id":35682},"why-do-i-see-names-with-double-underscores-in-dir-output","Why do I see names with double underscores in ",[18,35685,34369],{}," output?",[14,35688,35689],{},"Those are special Python attributes and methods used internally by the language.",[889,35691,5456,35693,35695,35696,2794],{"id":35692},"can-dir-help-fix-attributeerror",[18,35694,34369],{}," help fix ",[18,35697,25725],{},[14,35699,35700,35701,29],{},"Yes. It can show which attribute names actually exist on an object. This makes it useful when debugging an error like ",[294,35702,35703],{"href":35479},"object has no attribute",[41,35705,2193],{"id":2192},[240,35707,35708,35714,35719,35723,35727],{},[243,35709,35710],{},[294,35711,3871,35712,3804],{"href":35083},[18,35713,35086],{},[243,35715,35716],{},[294,35717,35718],{"href":35479},"AttributeError: object has no attribute fix",[243,35720,35721],{},[294,35722,35210],{"href":35209},[243,35724,35725],{},[294,35726,35216],{"href":35215},[243,35728,35729],{},[294,35730,3871,35731,3804],{"href":34867},[18,35732,2606],{},[14,35734,35735,35736,35738,35739,35741],{},"A good habit is to use ",[18,35737,34369],{}," together with ",[18,35740,35086],{}," in the Python shell. It is one of the fastest ways to explore objects and learn Python methods as you go.",[2226,35743,35744],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":35746},[35747,35748,35750,35755,35760,35762,35763,35769,35774,35781,35782,35792],{"id":2307,"depth":82,"text":2308},{"id":34546,"depth":82,"text":35749},"What dir() does",{"id":2459,"depth":82,"text":2460,"children":35751},[35752,35754],{"id":34599,"depth":98,"text":35753},"dir() with no argument",{"id":34655,"depth":98,"text":34441},{"id":34723,"depth":82,"text":35756,"children":35757},"Using dir() with a value",[35758,35759],{"id":34735,"depth":98,"text":34736},{"id":34796,"depth":98,"text":34797},{"id":34876,"depth":82,"text":35761},"Using dir() with no argument",{"id":34976,"depth":82,"text":34977},{"id":35122,"depth":82,"text":35764,"children":35765},"dir() on modules",[35766,35768],{"id":35136,"depth":98,"text":35767},"Example: math module",{"id":35219,"depth":98,"text":35220},{"id":35269,"depth":82,"text":35770,"children":35771},"dir() vs help()",[35772,35773],{"id":34430,"depth":98,"text":34369},{"id":32209,"depth":98,"text":35086},{"id":25410,"depth":82,"text":25411,"children":35775},[35776,35778,35779,35780],{"id":35375,"depth":98,"text":35777},"dir() returns names, not values",{"id":35396,"depth":98,"text":35397},{"id":35406,"depth":98,"text":35407},{"id":35436,"depth":98,"text":35437},{"id":1585,"depth":82,"text":1586},{"id":2138,"depth":82,"text":2139,"children":35783},[35784,35786,35788,35790],{"id":35659,"depth":98,"text":35785},"What does dir() return in Python?",{"id":35667,"depth":98,"text":35787},"What is the difference between dir() and help()?",{"id":35682,"depth":98,"text":35789},"Why do I see names with double underscores in dir() output?",{"id":35692,"depth":98,"text":35791},"Can dir() help fix AttributeError?",{"id":2192,"depth":82,"text":2193},"Master python dir function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained",{"title":34361,"description":35793},"reference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained","GdcucA4RY69afXDO9saBTHeJ2twMUyCItdFzeLoSsyo",{"id":35800,"title":35801,"body":35802,"description":37622,"extension":2267,"meta":37623,"navigation":1121,"path":37624,"seo":37625,"stem":37626,"__hash__":37627},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained.md","Python enumerate() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":35803,"toc":37591},[35804,35810,35815,35818,35826,35832,35834,35914,35916,35942,35947,35952,35957,35960,35971,35974,35976,36055,36057,36083,36090,36092,36094,36119,36122,36135,36140,36142,36223,36225,36251,36260,36265,36273,36279,36286,36289,36291,36370,36373,36430,36432,36469,36475,36480,36485,36488,36502,36504,36607,36609,36652,36661,36671,36678,36684,36691,36774,36776,36799,36802,36805,36807,36811,36815,36818,36881,36904,36907,36911,36917,36919,36986,36989,37066,37071,37077,37080,37083,37129,37131,37155,37160,37164,37169,37175,37238,37241,37243,37246,37271,37274,37409,37411,37512,37514,37519,37522,37528,37538,37546,37551,37557,37563,37565,37588],[10,35805,3871,35807,3875],{"id":35806},"python-enumerate-function-explained",[18,35808,35809],{},"enumerate()",[14,35811,35812,35814],{},[18,35813,35809],{}," is a built-in Python function that helps you loop through items while also keeping track of their position.",[14,35816,35817],{},"It is useful when you need both:",[240,35819,35820,35823],{},[243,35821,35822],{},"the item itself",[243,35824,35825],{},"its index in the loop",[14,35827,35828,35829,35831],{},"Beginners often use a manual counter variable for this, but ",[18,35830,35809],{}," is usually cleaner and easier to read.",[41,35833,2308],{"id":2307},[46,35835,35837],{"className":48,"code":35836,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors):\n    print(index, color)\n",[18,35838,35839,35871,35875,35898],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,35840,35841,35843,35845,35847,35849,35851,35853,35855,35857,35859,35861,35863,35865,35867,35869],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,35842,13121],{"class":902},[55,35844,906],{"class":703},[55,35846,909],{"class":65},[55,35848,126],{"class":109},[55,35850,13138],{"class":129},[55,35852,126],{"class":109},[55,35854,163],{"class":65},[55,35856,793],{"class":109},[55,35858,17505],{"class":129},[55,35860,126],{"class":109},[55,35862,163],{"class":65},[55,35864,793],{"class":109},[55,35866,13155],{"class":129},[55,35868,126],{"class":109},[55,35870,924],{"class":65},[55,35872,35873],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,35874,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,35876,35877,35879,35882,35884,35887,35889,35892,35894,35896],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,35878,6236],{"class":1193},[55,35880,35881],{"class":902}," index",[55,35883,163],{"class":65},[55,35885,35886],{"class":902}," color ",[55,35888,4168],{"class":1193},[55,35890,35891],{"class":61}," enumerate",[55,35893,66],{"class":65},[55,35895,17552],{"class":318},[55,35897,1480],{"class":65},[55,35899,35900,35902,35904,35907,35909,35912],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,35901,1204],{"class":61},[55,35903,66],{"class":65},[55,35905,35906],{"class":318},"index",[55,35908,163],{"class":65},[55,35910,35911],{"class":318}," color",[55,35913,322],{"class":65},[14,35915,281],{},[46,35917,35919],{"className":48,"code":35918,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"0 red\n1 green\n2 blue\n",[18,35920,35921,35928,35935],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,35922,35923,35925],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,35924,76],{"class":75},[55,35926,35927],{"class":902}," red\n",[55,35929,35930,35932],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,35931,93],{"class":75},[55,35933,35934],{"class":902}," green\n",[55,35936,35937,35939],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,35938,707],{"class":75},[55,35940,35941],{"class":902}," blue\n",[14,35943,212,35944,35946],{},[18,35945,35809],{}," when you need both the item and its position in a loop.",[41,35948,3970,35950,3973],{"id":35949},"what-enumerate-does",[18,35951,35809],{},[14,35953,35954,35956],{},[18,35955,35809],{}," lets you loop over an iterable and get both the index and the value at the same time.",[14,35958,35959],{},"It is commonly used with:",[240,35961,35962,35964,35966,35968],{},[243,35963,338],{},[243,35965,341],{},[243,35967,335],{},[243,35969,35970],{},"other iterable objects",[14,35972,35973],{},"This helps you avoid writing and updating your own counter variable.",[14,35975,358],{},[46,35977,35979],{"className":48,"code":35978,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor index, name in enumerate(names):\n    print(index, name)\n",[18,35980,35981,36015,36019,36040],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,35982,35983,35985,35987,35989,35991,35993,35995,35997,35999,36002,36004,36006,36008,36011,36013],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,35984,5281],{"class":902},[55,35986,906],{"class":703},[55,35988,909],{"class":65},[55,35990,126],{"class":109},[55,35992,12925],{"class":129},[55,35994,126],{"class":109},[55,35996,163],{"class":65},[55,35998,793],{"class":109},[55,36000,36001],{"class":129},"Ben",[55,36003,126],{"class":109},[55,36005,163],{"class":65},[55,36007,793],{"class":109},[55,36009,36010],{"class":129},"Cara",[55,36012,126],{"class":109},[55,36014,924],{"class":65},[55,36016,36017],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,36018,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,36020,36021,36023,36025,36027,36030,36032,36034,36036,36038],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,36022,6236],{"class":1193},[55,36024,35881],{"class":902},[55,36026,163],{"class":65},[55,36028,36029],{"class":902}," name ",[55,36031,4168],{"class":1193},[55,36033,35891],{"class":61},[55,36035,66],{"class":65},[55,36037,5325],{"class":318},[55,36039,1480],{"class":65},[55,36041,36042,36044,36046,36048,36050,36053],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,36043,1204],{"class":61},[55,36045,66],{"class":65},[55,36047,35906],{"class":318},[55,36049,163],{"class":65},[55,36051,36052],{"class":318}," name",[55,36054,322],{"class":65},[14,36056,281],{},[46,36058,36060],{"className":48,"code":36059,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"0 Ana\n1 Ben\n2 Cara\n",[18,36061,36062,36069,36076],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,36063,36064,36066],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,36065,76],{"class":75},[55,36067,36068],{"class":902}," Ana\n",[55,36070,36071,36073],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,36072,93],{"class":75},[55,36074,36075],{"class":902}," Ben\n",[55,36077,36078,36080],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,36079,707],{"class":75},[55,36081,36082],{"class":902}," Cara\n",[14,36084,36085,36086,29],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with loops, see ",[294,36087,36089],{"href":36088},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained\u002F","Python for loops explained",[41,36091,2460],{"id":2459},[14,36093,2463],{},[46,36095,36097],{"className":48,"code":36096,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"enumerate(iterable, start=0)\n",[18,36098,36099],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,36100,36101,36104,36106,36108,36110,36113,36115,36117],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,36102,36103],{"class":61},"enumerate",[55,36105,66],{"class":65},[55,36107,4014],{"class":318},[55,36109,163],{"class":65},[55,36111,36112],{"class":9212}," start",[55,36114,906],{"class":703},[55,36116,76],{"class":75},[55,36118,322],{"class":65},[14,36120,36121],{},"It has two parts:",[240,36123,36124,36129],{},[243,36125,36126,36128],{},[18,36127,4014],{},": the object you want to loop through",[243,36130,36131,36134],{},[18,36132,36133],{},"start",": the number to begin counting from",[14,36136,36137,36138,29],{},"By default, counting starts at ",[18,36139,76],{},[14,36141,358],{},[46,36143,36145],{"className":48,"code":36144,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i, letter in enumerate(letters):\n    print(i, letter)\n",[18,36146,36147,36180,36184,36207],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,36148,36149,36152,36154,36156,36158,36160,36162,36164,36166,36168,36170,36172,36174,36176,36178],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,36150,36151],{"class":902},"letters ",[55,36153,906],{"class":703},[55,36155,909],{"class":65},[55,36157,126],{"class":109},[55,36159,294],{"class":129},[55,36161,126],{"class":109},[55,36163,163],{"class":65},[55,36165,793],{"class":109},[55,36167,5046],{"class":129},[55,36169,126],{"class":109},[55,36171,163],{"class":65},[55,36173,793],{"class":109},[55,36175,9777],{"class":129},[55,36177,126],{"class":109},[55,36179,924],{"class":65},[55,36181,36182],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,36183,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,36185,36186,36188,36191,36193,36196,36198,36200,36202,36205],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,36187,6236],{"class":1193},[55,36189,36190],{"class":902}," i",[55,36192,163],{"class":65},[55,36194,36195],{"class":902}," letter ",[55,36197,4168],{"class":1193},[55,36199,35891],{"class":61},[55,36201,66],{"class":65},[55,36203,36204],{"class":318},"letters",[55,36206,1480],{"class":65},[55,36208,36209,36211,36213,36216,36218,36221],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,36210,1204],{"class":61},[55,36212,66],{"class":65},[55,36214,36215],{"class":318},"i",[55,36217,163],{"class":65},[55,36219,36220],{"class":318}," letter",[55,36222,322],{"class":65},[14,36224,281],{},[46,36226,36228],{"className":48,"code":36227,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"0 a\n1 b\n2 c\n",[18,36229,36230,36237,36244],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,36231,36232,36234],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,36233,76],{"class":75},[55,36235,36236],{"class":902}," a\n",[55,36238,36239,36241],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,36240,93],{"class":75},[55,36242,36243],{"class":902}," b\n",[55,36245,36246,36248],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,36247,707],{"class":75},[55,36249,36250],{"class":902}," c\n",[14,36252,36253,36254,29],{},"If you want to compare this with another counting tool, see the ",[294,36255,3871,36257,3804],{"href":36256},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained\u002F",[18,36258,36259],{},"range()",[41,36261,3970,36263,11748],{"id":36262},"what-enumerate-returns",[18,36264,35809],{},[14,36266,36267,36269,36270,29],{},[18,36268,35809],{}," returns an ",[435,36271,36272],{},"enumerate object",[14,36274,36275,36276,36278],{},"In most cases, you use it directly in a ",[18,36277,6236],{}," loop. Each step of the loop gives you a pair:",[240,36280,36281],{},[243,36282,36283],{},[18,36284,36285],{},"(index, item)",[14,36287,36288],{},"You usually unpack that pair into two variables.",[14,36290,358],{},[46,36292,36294],{"className":48,"code":36293,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\n\nfor index, fruit in enumerate(fruits):\n    print(index, fruit)\n",[18,36295,36296,36329,36333,36355],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,36297,36298,36301,36303,36305,36307,36309,36311,36313,36315,36317,36319,36321,36323,36325,36327],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,36299,36300],{"class":902},"fruits ",[55,36302,906],{"class":703},[55,36304,909],{"class":65},[55,36306,126],{"class":109},[55,36308,4364],{"class":129},[55,36310,126],{"class":109},[55,36312,163],{"class":65},[55,36314,793],{"class":109},[55,36316,4373],{"class":129},[55,36318,126],{"class":109},[55,36320,163],{"class":65},[55,36322,793],{"class":109},[55,36324,33278],{"class":129},[55,36326,126],{"class":109},[55,36328,924],{"class":65},[55,36330,36331],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,36332,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,36334,36335,36337,36339,36341,36344,36346,36348,36350,36353],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,36336,6236],{"class":1193},[55,36338,35881],{"class":902},[55,36340,163],{"class":65},[55,36342,36343],{"class":902}," fruit ",[55,36345,4168],{"class":1193},[55,36347,35891],{"class":61},[55,36349,66],{"class":65},[55,36351,36352],{"class":318},"fruits",[55,36354,1480],{"class":65},[55,36356,36357,36359,36361,36363,36365,36368],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,36358,1204],{"class":61},[55,36360,66],{"class":65},[55,36362,35906],{"class":318},[55,36364,163],{"class":65},[55,36366,36367],{"class":318}," fruit",[55,36369,322],{"class":65},[14,36371,36372],{},"You can also convert the result to a list if you want to see all the pairs at once:",[46,36374,36376],{"className":48,"code":36375,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = list(enumerate(numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[18,36377,36378,36398,36402,36420],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,36379,36380,36382,36384,36386,36388,36390,36392,36394,36396],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,36381,1168],{"class":902},[55,36383,906],{"class":703},[55,36385,909],{"class":65},[55,36387,376],{"class":75},[55,36389,163],{"class":65},[55,36391,916],{"class":75},[55,36393,163],{"class":65},[55,36395,921],{"class":75},[55,36397,924],{"class":65},[55,36399,36400],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,36401,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,36403,36404,36406,36408,36410,36412,36414,36416,36418],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,36405,2534],{"class":902},[55,36407,906],{"class":703},[55,36409,22612],{"class":69},[55,36411,66],{"class":65},[55,36413,36103],{"class":61},[55,36415,66],{"class":65},[55,36417,332],{"class":318},[55,36419,79],{"class":65},[55,36421,36422,36424,36426,36428],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,36423,62],{"class":61},[55,36425,66],{"class":65},[55,36427,2569],{"class":318},[55,36429,322],{"class":65},[14,36431,281],{},[46,36433,36435],{"className":48,"code":36434,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n",[18,36436,36437],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,36438,36439,36441,36443,36445,36447,36449,36451,36453,36455,36457,36459,36461,36463,36465,36467],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,36440,21792],{"class":65},[55,36442,76],{"class":75},[55,36444,163],{"class":65},[55,36446,6283],{"class":75},[55,36448,9270],{"class":65},[55,36450,9273],{"class":65},[55,36452,93],{"class":75},[55,36454,163],{"class":65},[55,36456,916],{"class":75},[55,36458,9270],{"class":65},[55,36460,9273],{"class":65},[55,36462,707],{"class":75},[55,36464,163],{"class":65},[55,36466,921],{"class":75},[55,36468,9286],{"class":65},[14,36470,36471,36472,36474],{},"This is a good way to understand what ",[18,36473,35809],{}," produces.",[41,36476,5247,36478],{"id":36477},"when-to-use-enumerate",[18,36479,35809],{},[14,36481,212,36482,36484],{},[18,36483,35809],{}," when you need the item number while looping.",[14,36486,36487],{},"Common cases:",[240,36489,36490,36493,36496,36499],{},[243,36491,36492],{},"printing numbered output",[243,36494,36495],{},"building menus",[243,36497,36498],{},"showing positions in a list",[243,36500,36501],{},"looping over both index and value together",[14,36503,358],{},[46,36505,36507],{"className":48,"code":36506,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"tasks = [\"Wash dishes\", \"Study Python\", \"Go for a walk\"]\n\nfor number, task in enumerate(tasks, start=1):\n    print(f\"{number}. {task}\")\n",[18,36508,36509,36544,36548,36578],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,36510,36511,36513,36515,36517,36519,36522,36524,36526,36528,36531,36533,36535,36537,36540,36542],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,36512,29953],{"class":902},[55,36514,906],{"class":703},[55,36516,909],{"class":65},[55,36518,126],{"class":109},[55,36520,36521],{"class":129},"Wash dishes",[55,36523,126],{"class":109},[55,36525,163],{"class":65},[55,36527,793],{"class":109},[55,36529,36530],{"class":129},"Study Python",[55,36532,126],{"class":109},[55,36534,163],{"class":65},[55,36536,793],{"class":109},[55,36538,36539],{"class":129},"Go for a walk",[55,36541,126],{"class":109},[55,36543,924],{"class":65},[55,36545,36546],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,36547,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,36549,36550,36552,36554,36556,36559,36561,36563,36565,36568,36570,36572,36574,36576],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,36551,6236],{"class":1193},[55,36553,2501],{"class":902},[55,36555,163],{"class":65},[55,36557,36558],{"class":902}," task ",[55,36560,4168],{"class":1193},[55,36562,35891],{"class":61},[55,36564,66],{"class":65},[55,36566,36567],{"class":318},"tasks",[55,36569,163],{"class":65},[55,36571,36112],{"class":9212},[55,36573,906],{"class":703},[55,36575,93],{"class":75},[55,36577,1480],{"class":65},[55,36579,36580,36582,36584,36586,36588,36590,36592,36594,36596,36598,36601,36603,36605],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,36581,1204],{"class":61},[55,36583,66],{"class":65},[55,36585,22346],{"class":1914},[55,36587,126],{"class":129},[55,36589,9315],{"class":75},[55,36591,2544],{"class":318},[55,36593,22355],{"class":75},[55,36595,28368],{"class":129},[55,36597,9315],{"class":75},[55,36599,36600],{"class":318},"task",[55,36602,22355],{"class":75},[55,36604,126],{"class":129},[55,36606,322],{"class":65},[14,36608,281],{},[46,36610,36612],{"className":48,"code":36611,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"1. Wash dishes\n2. Study Python\n3. Go for a walk\n",[18,36613,36614,36626,36638],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,36615,36616,36618,36620,36623],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,36617,93],{"class":75},[55,36619,29],{"class":65},[55,36621,36622],{"class":24803}," Wash",[55,36624,36625],{"class":902}," dishes\n",[55,36627,36628,36630,36632,36635],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,36629,707],{"class":75},[55,36631,29],{"class":65},[55,36633,36634],{"class":24803}," Study",[55,36636,36637],{"class":902}," Python\n",[55,36639,36640,36642,36644,36647,36649],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,36641,2366],{"class":75},[55,36643,29],{"class":65},[55,36645,36646],{"class":24803}," Go",[55,36648,4162],{"class":1193},[55,36650,36651],{"class":902}," a walk\n",[14,36653,36654,36655,36657,36658,29],{},"If you need both the index and the value, ",[18,36656,35809],{}," is usually easier to read than ",[18,36659,36660],{},"range(len(...))",[14,36662,36663,36664,29],{},"If you want more practical examples, see ",[294,36665,36667,36668,36670],{"href":36666},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python\u002F","how to use ",[18,36669,35809],{}," in Python",[41,36672,36674,36675,36677],{"id":36673},"using-the-start-argument","Using the ",[18,36676,36133],{}," argument",[14,36679,36680,36681,36683],{},"You can change where counting begins by passing the ",[18,36682,36133],{}," argument.",[14,36685,36686,36687,11132,36689,790],{},"For example, if you want counting to start at ",[18,36688,93],{},[18,36690,76],{},[46,36692,36694],{"className":48,"code":36693,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors, start=1):\n    print(index, color)\n",[18,36695,36696,36728,36732,36760],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,36697,36698,36700,36702,36704,36706,36708,36710,36712,36714,36716,36718,36720,36722,36724,36726],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,36699,13121],{"class":902},[55,36701,906],{"class":703},[55,36703,909],{"class":65},[55,36705,126],{"class":109},[55,36707,13138],{"class":129},[55,36709,126],{"class":109},[55,36711,163],{"class":65},[55,36713,793],{"class":109},[55,36715,17505],{"class":129},[55,36717,126],{"class":109},[55,36719,163],{"class":65},[55,36721,793],{"class":109},[55,36723,13155],{"class":129},[55,36725,126],{"class":109},[55,36727,924],{"class":65},[55,36729,36730],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,36731,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,36733,36734,36736,36738,36740,36742,36744,36746,36748,36750,36752,36754,36756,36758],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,36735,6236],{"class":1193},[55,36737,35881],{"class":902},[55,36739,163],{"class":65},[55,36741,35886],{"class":902},[55,36743,4168],{"class":1193},[55,36745,35891],{"class":61},[55,36747,66],{"class":65},[55,36749,17552],{"class":318},[55,36751,163],{"class":65},[55,36753,36112],{"class":9212},[55,36755,906],{"class":703},[55,36757,93],{"class":75},[55,36759,1480],{"class":65},[55,36761,36762,36764,36766,36768,36770,36772],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,36763,1204],{"class":61},[55,36765,66],{"class":65},[55,36767,35906],{"class":318},[55,36769,163],{"class":65},[55,36771,35911],{"class":318},[55,36773,322],{"class":65},[14,36775,281],{},[46,36777,36779],{"className":48,"code":36778,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"1 red\n2 green\n3 blue\n",[18,36780,36781,36787,36793],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,36782,36783,36785],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,36784,93],{"class":75},[55,36786,35927],{"class":902},[55,36788,36789,36791],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,36790,707],{"class":75},[55,36792,35934],{"class":902},[55,36794,36795,36797],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,36796,2366],{"class":75},[55,36798,35941],{"class":902},[14,36800,36801],{},"This is especially useful for user-facing output, such as menus or numbered lists.",[14,36803,36804],{},"The original iterable does not change. Only the counting value changes.",[41,36806,25411],{"id":25410},[14,36808,25414,36809,29],{},[18,36810,35809],{},[889,36812,36814],{"id":36813},"the-index-is-not-the-same-as-the-value","The index is not the same as the value",[14,36816,36817],{},"In this loop:",[46,36819,36821],{"className":48,"code":36820,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nfor index, value in enumerate(numbers):\n    print(index, value)\n",[18,36822,36823,36843,36847,36867],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,36824,36825,36827,36829,36831,36833,36835,36837,36839,36841],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,36826,1168],{"class":902},[55,36828,906],{"class":703},[55,36830,909],{"class":65},[55,36832,376],{"class":75},[55,36834,163],{"class":65},[55,36836,916],{"class":75},[55,36838,163],{"class":65},[55,36840,921],{"class":75},[55,36842,924],{"class":65},[55,36844,36845],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,36846,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,36848,36849,36851,36853,36855,36857,36859,36861,36863,36865],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,36850,6236],{"class":1193},[55,36852,35881],{"class":902},[55,36854,163],{"class":65},[55,36856,21636],{"class":902},[55,36858,4168],{"class":1193},[55,36860,35891],{"class":61},[55,36862,66],{"class":65},[55,36864,332],{"class":318},[55,36866,1480],{"class":65},[55,36868,36869,36871,36873,36875,36877,36879],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,36870,1204],{"class":61},[55,36872,66],{"class":65},[55,36874,35906],{"class":318},[55,36876,163],{"class":65},[55,36878,1572],{"class":318},[55,36880,322],{"class":65},[240,36882,36883,36893],{},[243,36884,36885,5069,36887,2493,36889,2493,36891],{},[18,36886,35906],{},[18,36888,76],{},[18,36890,93],{},[18,36892,707],{},[243,36894,36895,5069,36897,2493,36899,2493,36901],{},[18,36896,319],{},[18,36898,376],{},[18,36900,15802],{},[18,36902,36903],{},"30",[14,36905,36906],{},"These are different things.",[889,36908,36910],{"id":36909},"you-must-unpack-into-two-variables","You must unpack into two variables",[14,36912,36913,36914,36916],{},"Each item from ",[18,36915,35809],{}," is a pair.",[14,36918,6961],{},[46,36920,36922],{"className":48,"code":36921,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item)\n",[18,36923,36924,36948,36952,36972],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,36925,36926,36928,36930,36932,36934,36936,36938,36940,36942,36944,36946],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,36927,903],{"class":902},[55,36929,906],{"class":703},[55,36931,909],{"class":65},[55,36933,126],{"class":109},[55,36935,2477],{"class":129},[55,36937,126],{"class":109},[55,36939,163],{"class":65},[55,36941,793],{"class":109},[55,36943,11788],{"class":129},[55,36945,126],{"class":109},[55,36947,924],{"class":65},[55,36949,36950],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,36951,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,36953,36954,36956,36958,36960,36962,36964,36966,36968,36970],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,36955,6236],{"class":1193},[55,36957,36190],{"class":902},[55,36959,163],{"class":65},[55,36961,6239],{"class":902},[55,36963,4168],{"class":1193},[55,36965,35891],{"class":61},[55,36967,66],{"class":65},[55,36969,937],{"class":318},[55,36971,1480],{"class":65},[55,36973,36974,36976,36978,36980,36982,36984],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,36975,1204],{"class":61},[55,36977,66],{"class":65},[55,36979,36215],{"class":318},[55,36981,163],{"class":65},[55,36983,29562],{"class":318},[55,36985,322],{"class":65},[14,36987,36988],{},"But this causes an error:",[46,36990,36992],{"className":48,"code":36991,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item, extra in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item, extra)\n",[18,36993,36994,37018,37022,37047],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,36995,36996,36998,37000,37002,37004,37006,37008,37010,37012,37014,37016],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,36997,903],{"class":902},[55,36999,906],{"class":703},[55,37001,909],{"class":65},[55,37003,126],{"class":109},[55,37005,2477],{"class":129},[55,37007,126],{"class":109},[55,37009,163],{"class":65},[55,37011,793],{"class":109},[55,37013,11788],{"class":129},[55,37015,126],{"class":109},[55,37017,924],{"class":65},[55,37019,37020],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,37021,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,37023,37024,37026,37028,37030,37032,37034,37037,37039,37041,37043,37045],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,37025,6236],{"class":1193},[55,37027,36190],{"class":902},[55,37029,163],{"class":65},[55,37031,29562],{"class":902},[55,37033,163],{"class":65},[55,37035,37036],{"class":902}," extra ",[55,37038,4168],{"class":1193},[55,37040,35891],{"class":61},[55,37042,66],{"class":65},[55,37044,937],{"class":318},[55,37046,1480],{"class":65},[55,37048,37049,37051,37053,37055,37057,37059,37061,37064],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,37050,1204],{"class":61},[55,37052,66],{"class":65},[55,37054,36215],{"class":318},[55,37056,163],{"class":65},[55,37058,29562],{"class":318},[55,37060,163],{"class":65},[55,37062,37063],{"class":318}," extra",[55,37065,322],{"class":65},[14,37067,29116,37068,37070],{},[18,37069,35809],{}," only gives two values each time: the index and the item.",[889,37072,37074,37076],{"id":37073},"enumerate-only-works-with-iterable-objects",[18,37075,35809],{}," only works with iterable objects",[14,37078,37079],{},"You can use it with things like lists, strings, and tuples.",[14,37081,37082],{},"Example with a string:",[46,37084,37086],{"className":48,"code":37085,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"for index, char in enumerate(\"cat\"):\n    print(index, char)\n",[18,37087,37088,37114],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,37089,37090,37092,37094,37096,37099,37101,37103,37105,37107,37110,37112],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,37091,6236],{"class":1193},[55,37093,35881],{"class":902},[55,37095,163],{"class":65},[55,37097,37098],{"class":902}," char ",[55,37100,4168],{"class":1193},[55,37102,35891],{"class":61},[55,37104,66],{"class":65},[55,37106,126],{"class":109},[55,37108,37109],{"class":129},"cat",[55,37111,126],{"class":109},[55,37113,1480],{"class":65},[55,37115,37116,37118,37120,37122,37124,37127],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,37117,1204],{"class":61},[55,37119,66],{"class":65},[55,37121,35906],{"class":318},[55,37123,163],{"class":65},[55,37125,37126],{"class":318}," char",[55,37128,322],{"class":65},[14,37130,281],{},[46,37132,37134],{"className":48,"code":37133,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"0 c\n1 a\n2 t\n",[18,37135,37136,37142,37148],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,37137,37138,37140],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,37139,76],{"class":75},[55,37141,36250],{"class":902},[55,37143,37144,37146],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,37145,93],{"class":75},[55,37147,36236],{"class":902},[55,37149,37150,37152],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,37151,707],{"class":75},[55,37153,37154],{"class":902}," t\n",[14,37156,37157,37158,29],{},"To understand why this works, see ",[294,37159,5423],{"href":5867},[889,37161,37163],{"id":37162},"if-you-only-need-values-a-normal-loop-is-enough","If you only need values, a normal loop is enough",[14,37165,37166,37167,29],{},"You do not always need ",[18,37168,35809],{},[14,37170,37171,37172,37174],{},"If you only need the items, use a normal ",[18,37173,6236],{}," loop:",[46,37176,37178],{"className":48,"code":37177,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor color in colors:\n    print(color)\n",[18,37179,37180,37212,37216,37228],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,37181,37182,37184,37186,37188,37190,37192,37194,37196,37198,37200,37202,37204,37206,37208,37210],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,37183,13121],{"class":902},[55,37185,906],{"class":703},[55,37187,909],{"class":65},[55,37189,126],{"class":109},[55,37191,13138],{"class":129},[55,37193,126],{"class":109},[55,37195,163],{"class":65},[55,37197,793],{"class":109},[55,37199,17505],{"class":129},[55,37201,126],{"class":109},[55,37203,163],{"class":65},[55,37205,793],{"class":109},[55,37207,13155],{"class":129},[55,37209,126],{"class":109},[55,37211,924],{"class":65},[55,37213,37214],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,37215,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,37217,37218,37220,37222,37224,37226],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,37219,6236],{"class":1193},[55,37221,35886],{"class":902},[55,37223,4168],{"class":1193},[55,37225,13169],{"class":902},[55,37227,1199],{"class":65},[55,37229,37230,37232,37234,37236],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,37231,1204],{"class":61},[55,37233,66],{"class":65},[55,37235,32948],{"class":318},[55,37237,322],{"class":65},[14,37239,37240],{},"That is simpler when the index is not needed.",[41,37242,1586],{"id":1585},[14,37244,37245],{},"Watch out for these common problems:",[240,37247,37248,37253,37259,37264],{},[243,37249,23153,37250,37252],{},[18,37251,35809],{}," into the wrong number of variables",[243,37254,37255,37256,37258],{},"Forgetting that counting starts at ",[18,37257,76],{}," by default",[243,37260,1556,37261,37263],{},[18,37262,35809],{}," when only values are needed",[243,37265,37266,37267,1851,37269],{},"Confusing ",[18,37268,35809],{},[18,37270,36259],{},[14,37272,37273],{},"These quick checks can help you understand what is happening:",[46,37275,37277],{"className":48,"code":37276,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(enumerate([10, 20, 30]))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30])))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30], start=1)))\nfor i, value in enumerate(['a', 'b']):\n    print(i, value)\n",[18,37278,37279,37301,37328,37362,37395],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,37280,37281,37283,37285,37287,37289,37291,37293,37295,37297,37299],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,37282,62],{"class":61},[55,37284,66],{"class":65},[55,37286,36103],{"class":61},[55,37288,158],{"class":65},[55,37290,376],{"class":75},[55,37292,163],{"class":65},[55,37294,916],{"class":75},[55,37296,163],{"class":65},[55,37298,921],{"class":75},[55,37300,174],{"class":65},[55,37302,37303,37305,37307,37309,37311,37313,37315,37317,37319,37321,37323,37325],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,37304,62],{"class":61},[55,37306,66],{"class":65},[55,37308,1229],{"class":69},[55,37310,66],{"class":65},[55,37312,36103],{"class":61},[55,37314,158],{"class":65},[55,37316,376],{"class":75},[55,37318,163],{"class":65},[55,37320,916],{"class":75},[55,37322,163],{"class":65},[55,37324,921],{"class":75},[55,37326,37327],{"class":65},"])))\n",[55,37329,37330,37332,37334,37336,37338,37340,37342,37344,37346,37348,37350,37352,37354,37356,37358,37360],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,37331,62],{"class":61},[55,37333,66],{"class":65},[55,37335,1229],{"class":69},[55,37337,66],{"class":65},[55,37339,36103],{"class":61},[55,37341,158],{"class":65},[55,37343,376],{"class":75},[55,37345,163],{"class":65},[55,37347,916],{"class":75},[55,37349,163],{"class":65},[55,37351,921],{"class":75},[55,37353,18112],{"class":65},[55,37355,36112],{"class":9212},[55,37357,906],{"class":703},[55,37359,93],{"class":75},[55,37361,769],{"class":65},[55,37363,37364,37366,37368,37370,37372,37374,37376,37378,37380,37382,37384,37386,37388,37390,37392],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,37365,6236],{"class":1193},[55,37367,36190],{"class":902},[55,37369,163],{"class":65},[55,37371,21636],{"class":902},[55,37373,4168],{"class":1193},[55,37375,35891],{"class":61},[55,37377,158],{"class":65},[55,37379,1923],{"class":109},[55,37381,294],{"class":129},[55,37383,1923],{"class":109},[55,37385,163],{"class":65},[55,37387,1918],{"class":109},[55,37389,5046],{"class":129},[55,37391,1923],{"class":109},[55,37393,37394],{"class":65},"]):\n",[55,37396,37397,37399,37401,37403,37405,37407],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,37398,1204],{"class":61},[55,37400,66],{"class":65},[55,37402,36215],{"class":318},[55,37404,163],{"class":65},[55,37406,1572],{"class":318},[55,37408,322],{"class":65},[14,37410,17007],{},[46,37412,37414],{"className":48,"code":37413,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"\u003Cenumerate object at 0x...>\n[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n[(1, 10), (2, 20), (3, 30)]\n0 a\n1 b\n",[18,37415,37416,37436,37468,37500,37506],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,37417,37418,37420,37422,37424,37427,37431,37434],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,37419,1911],{"class":703},[55,37421,36103],{"class":61},[55,37423,24670],{"class":69},[55,37425,37426],{"class":902}," at ",[55,37428,37430],{"class":37429},"srjyR","0x",[55,37432,37433],{"class":34511},"...",[55,37435,1926],{"class":703},[55,37437,37438,37440,37442,37444,37446,37448,37450,37452,37454,37456,37458,37460,37462,37464,37466],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,37439,21792],{"class":65},[55,37441,76],{"class":75},[55,37443,163],{"class":65},[55,37445,6283],{"class":75},[55,37447,9270],{"class":65},[55,37449,9273],{"class":65},[55,37451,93],{"class":75},[55,37453,163],{"class":65},[55,37455,916],{"class":75},[55,37457,9270],{"class":65},[55,37459,9273],{"class":65},[55,37461,707],{"class":75},[55,37463,163],{"class":65},[55,37465,921],{"class":75},[55,37467,9286],{"class":65},[55,37469,37470,37472,37474,37476,37478,37480,37482,37484,37486,37488,37490,37492,37494,37496,37498],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,37471,21792],{"class":65},[55,37473,93],{"class":75},[55,37475,163],{"class":65},[55,37477,6283],{"class":75},[55,37479,9270],{"class":65},[55,37481,9273],{"class":65},[55,37483,707],{"class":75},[55,37485,163],{"class":65},[55,37487,916],{"class":75},[55,37489,9270],{"class":65},[55,37491,9273],{"class":65},[55,37493,2366],{"class":75},[55,37495,163],{"class":65},[55,37497,921],{"class":75},[55,37499,9286],{"class":65},[55,37501,37502,37504],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,37503,76],{"class":75},[55,37505,36236],{"class":902},[55,37507,37508,37510],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,37509,93],{"class":75},[55,37511,36243],{"class":902},[41,37513,2139],{"id":2138},[889,37515,5429,37517,5432],{"id":37516},"what-does-enumerate-return-in-python",[18,37518,35809],{},[14,37520,37521],{},"It returns an enumerate object that produces pairs of index and value.",[889,37523,12748,37525,37527],{"id":37524},"does-enumerate-start-at-0-or-1",[18,37526,35809],{}," start at 0 or 1?",[14,37529,37530,37531,37533,37534,37537],{},"It starts at ",[18,37532,76],{}," by default, but you can change that with ",[18,37535,37536],{},"start=1"," or another number.",[889,37539,21472,37541,11132,37543,2794],{"id":37540},"should-i-use-enumerate-instead-of-rangelenlist",[18,37542,35809],{},[18,37544,37545],{},"range(len(list))",[14,37547,36654,37548,37550],{},[18,37549,35809],{}," is usually clearer and easier to read.",[889,37552,5456,37554,37556],{"id":37553},"can-enumerate-be-used-with-strings",[18,37555,35809],{}," be used with strings?",[14,37558,37559,37560,37562],{},"Yes. A string is iterable, so ",[18,37561,35809],{}," can return each character with its index.",[41,37564,2193],{"id":2192},[240,37566,37567,37571,37577,37584],{},[243,37568,37569],{},[294,37570,36089],{"href":36088},[243,37572,37573],{},[294,37574,3871,37575,3804],{"href":36256},[18,37576,36259],{},[243,37578,37579],{},[294,37580,37581,37582,36670],{"href":36666},"How to use ",[18,37583,35809],{},[243,37585,37586],{},[294,37587,5503],{"href":5867},[2226,37589,37590],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":37592},[37593,37594,37596,37597,37599,37601,37603,37610,37611,37621],{"id":2307,"depth":82,"text":2308},{"id":35949,"depth":82,"text":37595},"What enumerate() does",{"id":2459,"depth":82,"text":2460},{"id":36262,"depth":82,"text":37598},"What enumerate() returns",{"id":36477,"depth":82,"text":37600},"When to use enumerate()",{"id":36673,"depth":82,"text":37602},"Using the start argument",{"id":25410,"depth":82,"text":25411,"children":37604},[37605,37606,37607,37609],{"id":36813,"depth":98,"text":36814},{"id":36909,"depth":98,"text":36910},{"id":37073,"depth":98,"text":37608},"enumerate() only works with iterable objects",{"id":37162,"depth":98,"text":37163},{"id":1585,"depth":82,"text":1586},{"id":2138,"depth":82,"text":2139,"children":37612},[37613,37615,37617,37619],{"id":37516,"depth":98,"text":37614},"What does enumerate() return in Python?",{"id":37524,"depth":98,"text":37616},"Does enumerate() start at 0 or 1?",{"id":37540,"depth":98,"text":37618},"Should I use enumerate() instead of range(len(list))?",{"id":37553,"depth":98,"text":37620},"Can enumerate() be used with strings?",{"id":2192,"depth":82,"text":2193},"Master python enumerate function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained",{"title":35801,"description":37622},"reference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained","tP2Z_ots0Xqf_GFLRq6dqpNDnPiE1yGUJYT2Z9er6Qs",{"id":37629,"title":37630,"body":37631,"description":40147,"extension":2267,"meta":40148,"navigation":1121,"path":40149,"seo":40150,"stem":40151,"__hash__":40152},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained.md","Python filter() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":37632,"toc":40104},[37633,37639,37644,37647,37655,37669,37671,37762,37770,37775,37780,37782,37798,37800,37879,37881,37898,37904,37908,37910,37931,37935,37938,37950,37954,37957,37960,37977,37980,38056,38058,38075,38080,38084,38092,38095,38110,38112,38201,38203,38248,38251,38255,38258,38337,38339,38361,38364,38371,38376,38379,38482,38484,38509,38512,38519,38525,38530,38533,38544,38650,38652,38673,38681,38688,38694,38713,38718,38721,38740,38742,38827,38829,38858,38861,38866,38871,38874,38885,38887,38976,38978,38998,39004,39110,39112,39132,39135,39219,39221,39241,39248,39250,39254,39260,39263,39320,39323,39326,39387,39396,39399,39402,39430,39433,39493,39495,39512,39516,39519,39597,39599,39619,39622,39697,39701,39704,39706,39715,39720,39722,39773,39781,39793,39798,39859,39861,39878,39882,39945,39947,39972,39980,39982,39988,39994,40001,40009,40015,40018,40025,40035,40041,40047,40050,40067,40073,40075,40101],[10,37634,3871,37636,3875],{"id":37635},"python-filter-function-explained",[18,37637,37638],{},"filter()",[14,37640,37641,37643],{},[18,37642,37638],{}," is used to keep only the items that pass a test.",[14,37645,37646],{},"It takes:",[240,37648,37649,37652],{},[243,37650,37651],{},"a function that checks each item",[243,37653,37654],{},"an iterable such as a list, tuple, or string",[14,37656,37657,37658,37661,37662,37665,37666,37668],{},"The result is ",[435,37659,37660],{},"not a list"," in Python 3. It returns a ",[18,37663,37664],{},"filter"," object, so beginners often convert it with ",[18,37667,24834],{}," to see the values.",[41,37670,2308],{"id":2307},[46,37672,37674],{"className":48,"code":37673,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\nprint(list(result))  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[18,37675,37676,37709,37745],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,37677,37678,37680,37682,37684,37686,37688,37690,37692,37694,37696,37698,37700,37702,37704,37707],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,37679,1168],{"class":902},[55,37681,906],{"class":703},[55,37683,909],{"class":65},[55,37685,93],{"class":75},[55,37687,163],{"class":65},[55,37689,166],{"class":75},[55,37691,163],{"class":65},[55,37693,171],{"class":75},[55,37695,163],{"class":65},[55,37697,2759],{"class":75},[55,37699,163],{"class":65},[55,37701,4890],{"class":75},[55,37703,163],{"class":65},[55,37705,37706],{"class":75}," 6",[55,37708,924],{"class":65},[55,37710,37711,37713,37715,37718,37720,37723,37727,37729,37731,37733,37735,37737,37739,37741,37743],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,37712,2534],{"class":902},[55,37714,906],{"class":703},[55,37716,37717],{"class":61}," filter",[55,37719,66],{"class":65},[55,37721,37722],{"class":1914},"lambda",[55,37724,37726],{"class":37725},"sFwrP"," x",[55,37728,790],{"class":65},[55,37730,4165],{"class":318},[55,37732,6679],{"class":703},[55,37734,166],{"class":75},[55,37736,6684],{"class":703},[55,37738,4121],{"class":75},[55,37740,163],{"class":65},[55,37742,1196],{"class":318},[55,37744,322],{"class":65},[55,37746,37747,37749,37751,37753,37755,37757,37759],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,37748,62],{"class":61},[55,37750,66],{"class":65},[55,37752,1229],{"class":69},[55,37754,66],{"class":65},[55,37756,2569],{"class":318},[55,37758,5645],{"class":65},[55,37760,37761],{"class":3956},"  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[14,37763,37764,37766,37767,37769],{},[18,37765,37638],{}," returns a filter object, so beginners often wrap it with ",[18,37768,24834],{}," to see the results.",[41,37771,3970,37773,3973],{"id":37772},"what-filter-does",[18,37774,37638],{},[14,37776,37777,37779],{},[18,37778,37638],{}," keeps items that pass a test.",[14,37781,2410],{},[240,37783,37784,37787,37793],{},[243,37785,37786],{},"each item is checked one at a time",[243,37788,37789,37790,37792],{},"if the test returns ",[18,37791,24],{},", the item is kept",[243,37794,37789,37795,37797],{},[18,37796,28],{},", the item is removed",[14,37799,358],{},[46,37801,37803],{"className":48,"code":37802,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x > 3, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,37804,37805,37833,37837,37865],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,37806,37807,37809,37811,37813,37815,37817,37819,37821,37823,37825,37827,37829,37831],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,37808,1168],{"class":902},[55,37810,906],{"class":703},[55,37812,909],{"class":65},[55,37814,93],{"class":75},[55,37816,163],{"class":65},[55,37818,166],{"class":75},[55,37820,163],{"class":65},[55,37822,171],{"class":75},[55,37824,163],{"class":65},[55,37826,2759],{"class":75},[55,37828,163],{"class":65},[55,37830,4890],{"class":75},[55,37832,924],{"class":65},[55,37834,37835],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,37836,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,37838,37839,37841,37843,37845,37847,37849,37851,37853,37855,37857,37859,37861,37863],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,37840,2534],{"class":902},[55,37842,906],{"class":703},[55,37844,37717],{"class":61},[55,37846,66],{"class":65},[55,37848,37722],{"class":1914},[55,37850,37726],{"class":37725},[55,37852,790],{"class":65},[55,37854,4165],{"class":318},[55,37856,4538],{"class":703},[55,37858,171],{"class":75},[55,37860,163],{"class":65},[55,37862,1196],{"class":318},[55,37864,322],{"class":65},[55,37866,37867,37869,37871,37873,37875,37877],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,37868,62],{"class":61},[55,37870,66],{"class":65},[55,37872,1229],{"class":69},[55,37874,66],{"class":65},[55,37876,2569],{"class":318},[55,37878,79],{"class":65},[14,37880,281],{},[46,37882,37884],{"className":48,"code":37883,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[4, 5]\n",[18,37885,37886],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,37887,37888,37890,37892,37894,37896],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,37889,4186],{"class":65},[55,37891,2807],{"class":75},[55,37893,163],{"class":65},[55,37895,4890],{"class":75},[55,37897,924],{"class":65},[14,37899,37900,37901,37903],{},"Here, only numbers greater than ",[18,37902,2366],{}," are kept.",[41,37905,37907],{"id":37906},"syntax-and-arguments","Syntax and arguments",[14,37909,2463],{},[46,37911,37913],{"className":48,"code":37912,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"filter(function, iterable)\n",[18,37914,37915],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,37916,37917,37919,37921,37924,37926,37929],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,37918,37664],{"class":61},[55,37920,66],{"class":65},[55,37922,37923],{"class":318},"function",[55,37925,163],{"class":65},[55,37927,37928],{"class":318}," iterable",[55,37930,322],{"class":65},[889,37932,37933],{"id":37923},[18,37934,37923],{},[14,37936,37937],{},"This is the test function.",[240,37939,37940,37943],{},[243,37941,37942],{},"It receives one item at a time",[243,37944,37945,37946,25,37948],{},"It should return ",[18,37947,24],{},[18,37949,28],{},[889,37951,37952],{"id":4014},[18,37953,4014],{},[14,37955,37956],{},"This is the group of values to check.",[14,37958,37959],{},"It can be:",[240,37961,37962,37965,37968,37971,37974],{},[243,37963,37964],{},"a list",[243,37966,37967],{},"a tuple",[243,37969,37970],{},"a string",[243,37972,37973],{},"a set",[243,37975,37976],{},"another iterable object",[14,37978,37979],{},"Example with a tuple:",[46,37981,37983],{"className":48,"code":37982,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = (10, 15, 20, 25)\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x >= 20, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,37984,37985,38010,38014,38042],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,37986,37987,37989,37991,37993,37995,37997,38000,38002,38004,38006,38008],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,37988,1168],{"class":902},[55,37990,906],{"class":703},[55,37992,9273],{"class":65},[55,37994,376],{"class":75},[55,37996,163],{"class":65},[55,37998,37999],{"class":75}," 15",[55,38001,163],{"class":65},[55,38003,916],{"class":75},[55,38005,163],{"class":65},[55,38007,9343],{"class":75},[55,38009,322],{"class":65},[55,38011,38012],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,38013,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,38015,38016,38018,38020,38022,38024,38026,38028,38030,38032,38034,38036,38038,38040],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,38017,2534],{"class":902},[55,38019,906],{"class":703},[55,38021,37717],{"class":61},[55,38023,66],{"class":65},[55,38025,37722],{"class":1914},[55,38027,37726],{"class":37725},[55,38029,790],{"class":65},[55,38031,4165],{"class":318},[55,38033,5385],{"class":703},[55,38035,916],{"class":75},[55,38037,163],{"class":65},[55,38039,1196],{"class":318},[55,38041,322],{"class":65},[55,38043,38044,38046,38048,38050,38052,38054],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,38045,62],{"class":61},[55,38047,66],{"class":65},[55,38049,1229],{"class":69},[55,38051,66],{"class":65},[55,38053,2569],{"class":318},[55,38055,79],{"class":65},[14,38057,281],{},[46,38059,38061],{"className":48,"code":38060,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[20, 25]\n",[18,38062,38063],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,38064,38065,38067,38069,38071,38073],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,38066,4186],{"class":65},[55,38068,15802],{"class":75},[55,38070,163],{"class":65},[55,38072,9343],{"class":75},[55,38074,924],{"class":65},[14,38076,38077,38078,29],{},"If you are new to iterables, see ",[294,38079,5423],{"href":5867},[41,38081,38083],{"id":38082},"what-the-return-value-means","What the return value means",[14,38085,38086,38087,22027,38089,29],{},"In Python 3, ",[18,38088,37638],{},[435,38090,38091],{},"filter object",[14,38093,38094],{},"This is an iterator-like object. You can:",[240,38096,38097,38100,38105],{},[243,38098,38099],{},"loop through it",[243,38101,38102,38103],{},"convert it with ",[18,38104,24834],{},[243,38106,38102,38107],{},[18,38108,38109],{},"tuple()",[14,38111,358],{},[46,38113,38115],{"className":48,"code":38114,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,38116,38117,38159,38163,38173,38187],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,38118,38119,38121,38123,38125,38127,38129,38131,38133,38135,38137,38139,38141,38143,38145,38147,38149,38151,38153,38155,38157],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,38120,2534],{"class":902},[55,38122,906],{"class":703},[55,38124,37717],{"class":61},[55,38126,66],{"class":65},[55,38128,37722],{"class":1914},[55,38130,37726],{"class":37725},[55,38132,790],{"class":65},[55,38134,4165],{"class":318},[55,38136,4538],{"class":703},[55,38138,166],{"class":75},[55,38140,163],{"class":65},[55,38142,909],{"class":65},[55,38144,93],{"class":75},[55,38146,163],{"class":65},[55,38148,166],{"class":75},[55,38150,163],{"class":65},[55,38152,171],{"class":75},[55,38154,163],{"class":65},[55,38156,2759],{"class":75},[55,38158,4174],{"class":65},[55,38160,38161],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,38162,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,38164,38165,38167,38169,38171],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,38166,62],{"class":61},[55,38168,66],{"class":65},[55,38170,2569],{"class":318},[55,38172,322],{"class":65},[55,38174,38175,38177,38179,38181,38183,38185],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,38176,62],{"class":61},[55,38178,66],{"class":65},[55,38180,1879],{"class":69},[55,38182,66],{"class":65},[55,38184,2569],{"class":318},[55,38186,79],{"class":65},[55,38188,38189,38191,38193,38195,38197,38199],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,38190,62],{"class":61},[55,38192,66],{"class":65},[55,38194,1229],{"class":69},[55,38196,66],{"class":65},[55,38198,2569],{"class":318},[55,38200,79],{"class":65},[14,38202,281],{},[46,38204,38206],{"className":48,"code":38205,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"\u003Cfilter object at ...>\n\u003Cclass 'filter'>\n[3, 4]\n",[18,38207,38208,38222,38236],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,38209,38210,38212,38214,38216,38218,38220],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,38211,1911],{"class":703},[55,38213,37664],{"class":61},[55,38215,24670],{"class":69},[55,38217,37426],{"class":902},[55,38219,37433],{"class":34511},[55,38221,1926],{"class":703},[55,38223,38224,38226,38228,38230,38232,38234],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,38225,1911],{"class":703},[55,38227,1915],{"class":1914},[55,38229,1918],{"class":109},[55,38231,37664],{"class":129},[55,38233,1923],{"class":109},[55,38235,1926],{"class":703},[55,38237,38238,38240,38242,38244,38246],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,38239,4186],{"class":65},[55,38241,2366],{"class":75},[55,38243,163],{"class":65},[55,38245,2759],{"class":75},[55,38247,924],{"class":65},[14,38249,38250],{},"If you print the filter object directly, you will not see the filtered items.",[889,38252,38254],{"id":38253},"important-a-filter-object-is-consumed-as-you-use-it","Important: a filter object is consumed as you use it",[14,38256,38257],{},"Once you loop through it or convert it to a list, the items are used up.",[46,38259,38261],{"className":48,"code":38260,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,38262,38263,38305,38309,38323],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,38264,38265,38267,38269,38271,38273,38275,38277,38279,38281,38283,38285,38287,38289,38291,38293,38295,38297,38299,38301,38303],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,38266,2534],{"class":902},[55,38268,906],{"class":703},[55,38270,37717],{"class":61},[55,38272,66],{"class":65},[55,38274,37722],{"class":1914},[55,38276,37726],{"class":37725},[55,38278,790],{"class":65},[55,38280,4165],{"class":318},[55,38282,4538],{"class":703},[55,38284,166],{"class":75},[55,38286,163],{"class":65},[55,38288,909],{"class":65},[55,38290,93],{"class":75},[55,38292,163],{"class":65},[55,38294,166],{"class":75},[55,38296,163],{"class":65},[55,38298,171],{"class":75},[55,38300,163],{"class":65},[55,38302,2759],{"class":75},[55,38304,4174],{"class":65},[55,38306,38307],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,38308,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,38310,38311,38313,38315,38317,38319,38321],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,38312,62],{"class":61},[55,38314,66],{"class":65},[55,38316,1229],{"class":69},[55,38318,66],{"class":65},[55,38320,2569],{"class":318},[55,38322,79],{"class":65},[55,38324,38325,38327,38329,38331,38333,38335],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,38326,62],{"class":61},[55,38328,66],{"class":65},[55,38330,1229],{"class":69},[55,38332,66],{"class":65},[55,38334,2569],{"class":318},[55,38336,79],{"class":65},[14,38338,281],{},[46,38340,38342],{"className":48,"code":38341,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[3, 4]\n[]\n",[18,38343,38344,38356],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,38345,38346,38348,38350,38352,38354],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,38347,4186],{"class":65},[55,38349,2366],{"class":75},[55,38351,163],{"class":65},[55,38353,2759],{"class":75},[55,38355,924],{"class":65},[55,38357,38358],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,38359,38360],{"class":65},"[]\n",[14,38362,38363],{},"The second result is empty because the filter object was already consumed.",[41,38365,1556,38367,1851,38369],{"id":38366},"using-filter-with-lambda",[18,38368,37638],{},[18,38370,37722],{},[14,38372,15236,38373,38375],{},[18,38374,37722],{}," is a short anonymous function.",[14,38377,38378],{},"It is useful for simple filtering rules that fit on one line.",[46,38380,38382],{"className":48,"code":38381,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"apple\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\", \"fig\"]\n\nresult = filter(lambda word: len(word) > 4, words)\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,38383,38384,38426,38430,38468],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,38385,38386,38388,38390,38392,38394,38396,38398,38400,38402,38405,38407,38409,38411,38413,38415,38417,38419,38422,38424],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,38387,4355],{"class":902},[55,38389,906],{"class":703},[55,38391,909],{"class":65},[55,38393,126],{"class":109},[55,38395,4364],{"class":129},[55,38397,126],{"class":109},[55,38399,163],{"class":65},[55,38401,793],{"class":109},[55,38403,38404],{"class":129},"kiwi",[55,38406,126],{"class":109},[55,38408,163],{"class":65},[55,38410,793],{"class":109},[55,38412,4373],{"class":129},[55,38414,126],{"class":109},[55,38416,163],{"class":65},[55,38418,793],{"class":109},[55,38420,38421],{"class":129},"fig",[55,38423,126],{"class":109},[55,38425,924],{"class":65},[55,38427,38428],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,38429,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,38431,38432,38434,38436,38438,38440,38442,38445,38447,38450,38452,38455,38457,38460,38462,38464,38466],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,38433,2534],{"class":902},[55,38435,906],{"class":703},[55,38437,37717],{"class":61},[55,38439,66],{"class":65},[55,38441,37722],{"class":1914},[55,38443,38444],{"class":37725}," word",[55,38446,790],{"class":65},[55,38448,38449],{"class":61}," len",[55,38451,66],{"class":65},[55,38453,38454],{"class":318},"word",[55,38456,3953],{"class":65},[55,38458,38459],{"class":703}," >",[55,38461,2759],{"class":75},[55,38463,163],{"class":65},[55,38465,6447],{"class":318},[55,38467,322],{"class":65},[55,38469,38470,38472,38474,38476,38478,38480],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,38471,62],{"class":61},[55,38473,66],{"class":65},[55,38475,1229],{"class":69},[55,38477,66],{"class":65},[55,38479,2569],{"class":318},[55,38481,79],{"class":65},[14,38483,281],{},[46,38485,38487],{"className":48,"code":38486,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['apple', 'banana']\n",[18,38488,38489],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,38490,38491,38493,38495,38497,38499,38501,38503,38505,38507],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,38492,4186],{"class":65},[55,38494,1923],{"class":109},[55,38496,4364],{"class":129},[55,38498,1923],{"class":109},[55,38500,163],{"class":65},[55,38502,1918],{"class":109},[55,38504,4373],{"class":129},[55,38506,1923],{"class":109},[55,38508,924],{"class":65},[14,38510,38511],{},"This keeps only words with more than 4 characters.",[14,38513,38514,38515,29],{},"If you want to learn this syntax more clearly, see ",[294,38516,38518],{"href":38517},"\u002Flearn\u002Flambda-functions-in-python-explained\u002F","lambda functions in Python explained",[41,38520,1556,38522,38524],{"id":38521},"using-filter-with-a-named-function",[18,38523,37638],{}," with a named function",[14,38526,38527,38528,29],{},"A named function is often easier to read than a complex ",[18,38529,37722],{},[14,38531,38532],{},"This is especially helpful when:",[240,38534,38535,38538,38541],{},[243,38536,38537],{},"the logic needs a clear name",[243,38539,38540],{},"the rule is more than a very short check",[243,38542,38543],{},"you want beginner-friendly code",[46,38545,38547],{"className":48,"code":38546,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"def is_even(number):\n    return number % 2 == 0\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(is_even, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,38548,38549,38562,38577,38581,38613,38632,38636],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,38550,38551,38553,38556,38558,38560],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,38552,34910],{"class":1914},[55,38554,38555],{"class":34913}," is_even",[55,38557,66],{"class":65},[55,38559,2544],{"class":37725},[55,38561,1480],{"class":65},[55,38563,38564,38566,38568,38570,38572,38574],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,38565,34921],{"class":1193},[55,38567,6663],{"class":902},[55,38569,6679],{"class":703},[55,38571,166],{"class":75},[55,38573,6684],{"class":703},[55,38575,38576],{"class":75}," 0\n",[55,38578,38579],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,38580,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,38582,38583,38585,38587,38589,38591,38593,38595,38597,38599,38601,38603,38605,38607,38609,38611],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,38584,1168],{"class":902},[55,38586,906],{"class":703},[55,38588,909],{"class":65},[55,38590,93],{"class":75},[55,38592,163],{"class":65},[55,38594,166],{"class":75},[55,38596,163],{"class":65},[55,38598,171],{"class":75},[55,38600,163],{"class":65},[55,38602,2759],{"class":75},[55,38604,163],{"class":65},[55,38606,4890],{"class":75},[55,38608,163],{"class":65},[55,38610,37706],{"class":75},[55,38612,924],{"class":65},[55,38614,38615,38617,38619,38621,38623,38626,38628,38630],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,38616,2534],{"class":902},[55,38618,906],{"class":703},[55,38620,37717],{"class":61},[55,38622,66],{"class":65},[55,38624,38625],{"class":318},"is_even",[55,38627,163],{"class":65},[55,38629,1196],{"class":318},[55,38631,322],{"class":65},[55,38633,38634],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,38635,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,38637,38638,38640,38642,38644,38646,38648],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,38639,62],{"class":61},[55,38641,66],{"class":65},[55,38643,1229],{"class":69},[55,38645,66],{"class":65},[55,38647,2569],{"class":318},[55,38649,79],{"class":65},[14,38651,281],{},[46,38653,38655],{"className":48,"code":38654,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[2, 4, 6]\n",[18,38656,38657],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,38658,38659,38661,38663,38665,38667,38669,38671],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,38660,4186],{"class":65},[55,38662,707],{"class":75},[55,38664,163],{"class":65},[55,38666,2759],{"class":75},[55,38668,163],{"class":65},[55,38670,37706],{"class":75},[55,38672,924],{"class":65},[14,38674,20822,38675,1265,38678,38680],{},[18,38676,38677],{},"is_even()",[18,38679,24],{}," for even numbers, so those numbers are kept.",[41,38682,1556,38684,1851,38686],{"id":38683},"using-none-with-filter",[18,38685,481],{},[18,38687,37638],{},[14,38689,38690,38691,38693],{},"You can pass ",[18,38692,481],{}," as the first argument:",[46,38695,38697],{"className":48,"code":38696,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"filter(None, iterable)\n",[18,38698,38699],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,38700,38701,38703,38705,38707,38709,38711],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,38702,37664],{"class":61},[55,38704,66],{"class":65},[55,38706,481],{"class":187},[55,38708,163],{"class":65},[55,38710,37928],{"class":318},[55,38712,322],{"class":65},[14,38714,38715,38716,438],{},"In this case, Python removes ",[435,38717,437],{},[14,38719,38720],{},"Falsy values include:",[240,38722,38723,38727,38732,38736],{},[243,38724,38725],{},[18,38726,76],{},[243,38728,38729,38731],{},[18,38730,4065],{}," (empty string)",[243,38733,38734],{},[18,38735,481],{},[243,38737,38738],{},[18,38739,28],{},[14,38741,358],{},[46,38743,38745],{"className":48,"code":38744,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [0, 1, \"\", \"hello\", None, True, False, 5]\n\nresult = filter(None, items)\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,38746,38747,38791,38795,38813],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,38748,38749,38751,38753,38755,38757,38759,38761,38763,38765,38767,38769,38771,38773,38775,38777,38779,38781,38783,38785,38787,38789],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,38750,903],{"class":902},[55,38752,906],{"class":703},[55,38754,909],{"class":65},[55,38756,76],{"class":75},[55,38758,163],{"class":65},[55,38760,5782],{"class":75},[55,38762,163],{"class":65},[55,38764,6405],{"class":109},[55,38766,163],{"class":65},[55,38768,793],{"class":109},[55,38770,130],{"class":129},[55,38772,126],{"class":109},[55,38774,163],{"class":65},[55,38776,4139],{"class":187},[55,38778,163],{"class":65},[55,38780,4202],{"class":187},[55,38782,163],{"class":65},[55,38784,4193],{"class":187},[55,38786,163],{"class":65},[55,38788,4890],{"class":75},[55,38790,924],{"class":65},[55,38792,38793],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,38794,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,38796,38797,38799,38801,38803,38805,38807,38809,38811],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,38798,2534],{"class":902},[55,38800,906],{"class":703},[55,38802,37717],{"class":61},[55,38804,66],{"class":65},[55,38806,481],{"class":187},[55,38808,163],{"class":65},[55,38810,6244],{"class":318},[55,38812,322],{"class":65},[55,38814,38815,38817,38819,38821,38823,38825],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,38816,62],{"class":61},[55,38818,66],{"class":65},[55,38820,1229],{"class":69},[55,38822,66],{"class":65},[55,38824,2569],{"class":318},[55,38826,79],{"class":65},[14,38828,281],{},[46,38830,38832],{"className":48,"code":38831,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[1, 'hello', True, 5]\n",[18,38833,38834],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,38835,38836,38838,38840,38842,38844,38846,38848,38850,38852,38854,38856],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,38837,4186],{"class":65},[55,38839,93],{"class":75},[55,38841,163],{"class":65},[55,38843,1918],{"class":109},[55,38845,130],{"class":129},[55,38847,1923],{"class":109},[55,38849,163],{"class":65},[55,38851,4202],{"class":187},[55,38853,163],{"class":65},[55,38855,4890],{"class":75},[55,38857,924],{"class":65},[14,38859,38860],{},"This is useful when you want to remove empty or false-like values from data.",[41,38862,5247,38864],{"id":38863},"when-to-use-filter",[18,38865,37638],{},[14,38867,212,38868,38870],{},[18,38869,37638],{}," when you want to keep only matching items.",[14,38872,38873],{},"It works well for:",[240,38875,38876,38879,38882],{},[243,38877,38878],{},"simple filtering rules",[243,38880,38881],{},"quick data cleaning",[243,38883,38884],{},"cases where a function already exists for the test",[14,38886,358],{},[46,38888,38890],{"className":48,"code":38889,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\n\nprint(list(evens))\n",[18,38891,38892,38924,38957,38961],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,38893,38894,38896,38898,38900,38902,38904,38906,38908,38910,38912,38914,38916,38918,38920,38922],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,38895,1168],{"class":902},[55,38897,906],{"class":703},[55,38899,909],{"class":65},[55,38901,93],{"class":75},[55,38903,163],{"class":65},[55,38905,166],{"class":75},[55,38907,163],{"class":65},[55,38909,171],{"class":75},[55,38911,163],{"class":65},[55,38913,2759],{"class":75},[55,38915,163],{"class":65},[55,38917,4890],{"class":75},[55,38919,163],{"class":65},[55,38921,37706],{"class":75},[55,38923,924],{"class":65},[55,38925,38926,38929,38931,38933,38935,38937,38939,38941,38943,38945,38947,38949,38951,38953,38955],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,38927,38928],{"class":902},"evens ",[55,38930,906],{"class":703},[55,38932,37717],{"class":61},[55,38934,66],{"class":65},[55,38936,37722],{"class":1914},[55,38938,37726],{"class":37725},[55,38940,790],{"class":65},[55,38942,4165],{"class":318},[55,38944,6679],{"class":703},[55,38946,166],{"class":75},[55,38948,6684],{"class":703},[55,38950,4121],{"class":75},[55,38952,163],{"class":65},[55,38954,1196],{"class":318},[55,38956,322],{"class":65},[55,38958,38959],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,38960,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,38962,38963,38965,38967,38969,38971,38974],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,38964,62],{"class":61},[55,38966,66],{"class":65},[55,38968,1229],{"class":69},[55,38970,66],{"class":65},[55,38972,38973],{"class":318},"evens",[55,38975,79],{"class":65},[14,38977,281],{},[46,38979,38980],{"className":48,"code":38654,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,38981,38982],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,38983,38984,38986,38988,38990,38992,38994,38996],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,38985,4186],{"class":65},[55,38987,707],{"class":75},[55,38989,163],{"class":65},[55,38991,2759],{"class":75},[55,38993,163],{"class":65},[55,38995,37706],{"class":75},[55,38997,924],{"class":65},[14,38999,39000,39001,39003],{},"For beginners, though, a ",[18,39002,6236],{}," loop may be easier to understand.",[46,39005,39007],{"className":48,"code":39006,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = []\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        evens.append(number)\n\nprint(evens)\n",[18,39008,39009,39041,39049,39053,39065,39081,39096,39100],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,39010,39011,39013,39015,39017,39019,39021,39023,39025,39027,39029,39031,39033,39035,39037,39039],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,39012,1168],{"class":902},[55,39014,906],{"class":703},[55,39016,909],{"class":65},[55,39018,93],{"class":75},[55,39020,163],{"class":65},[55,39022,166],{"class":75},[55,39024,163],{"class":65},[55,39026,171],{"class":75},[55,39028,163],{"class":65},[55,39030,2759],{"class":75},[55,39032,163],{"class":65},[55,39034,4890],{"class":75},[55,39036,163],{"class":65},[55,39038,37706],{"class":75},[55,39040,924],{"class":65},[55,39042,39043,39045,39047],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,39044,38928],{"class":902},[55,39046,906],{"class":703},[55,39048,966],{"class":65},[55,39050,39051],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,39052,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,39054,39055,39057,39059,39061,39063],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,39056,6236],{"class":1193},[55,39058,6663],{"class":902},[55,39060,4168],{"class":1193},[55,39062,1196],{"class":902},[55,39064,1199],{"class":65},[55,39066,39067,39069,39071,39073,39075,39077,39079],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,39068,6674],{"class":1193},[55,39070,6663],{"class":902},[55,39072,6679],{"class":703},[55,39074,166],{"class":75},[55,39076,6684],{"class":703},[55,39078,4121],{"class":75},[55,39080,1199],{"class":65},[55,39082,39083,39086,39088,39090,39092,39094],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,39084,39085],{"class":902},"        evens",[55,39087,29],{"class":65},[55,39089,13599],{"class":318},[55,39091,66],{"class":65},[55,39093,2544],{"class":318},[55,39095,322],{"class":65},[55,39097,39098],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,39099,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,39101,39102,39104,39106,39108],{"class":57,"line":582},[55,39103,62],{"class":61},[55,39105,66],{"class":65},[55,39107,38973],{"class":318},[55,39109,322],{"class":65},[14,39111,281],{},[46,39113,39114],{"className":48,"code":38654,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,39115,39116],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,39117,39118,39120,39122,39124,39126,39128,39130],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,39119,4186],{"class":65},[55,39121,707],{"class":75},[55,39123,163],{"class":65},[55,39125,2759],{"class":75},[55,39127,163],{"class":65},[55,39129,37706],{"class":75},[55,39131,924],{"class":65},[14,39133,39134],{},"A list comprehension is also a common alternative:",[46,39136,39138],{"className":48,"code":39137,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = [number for number in numbers if number % 2 == 0]\n\nprint(evens)\n",[18,39139,39140,39172,39205,39209],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,39141,39142,39144,39146,39148,39150,39152,39154,39156,39158,39160,39162,39164,39166,39168,39170],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,39143,1168],{"class":902},[55,39145,906],{"class":703},[55,39147,909],{"class":65},[55,39149,93],{"class":75},[55,39151,163],{"class":65},[55,39153,166],{"class":75},[55,39155,163],{"class":65},[55,39157,171],{"class":75},[55,39159,163],{"class":65},[55,39161,2759],{"class":75},[55,39163,163],{"class":65},[55,39165,4890],{"class":75},[55,39167,163],{"class":65},[55,39169,37706],{"class":75},[55,39171,924],{"class":65},[55,39173,39174,39176,39178,39180,39182,39184,39186,39188,39191,39193,39195,39197,39199,39201,39203],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,39175,38928],{"class":902},[55,39177,906],{"class":703},[55,39179,909],{"class":65},[55,39181,2521],{"class":902},[55,39183,6236],{"class":1193},[55,39185,6663],{"class":902},[55,39187,4168],{"class":1193},[55,39189,39190],{"class":902}," numbers ",[55,39192,38],{"class":1193},[55,39194,6663],{"class":902},[55,39196,6679],{"class":703},[55,39198,166],{"class":75},[55,39200,6684],{"class":703},[55,39202,4121],{"class":75},[55,39204,924],{"class":65},[55,39206,39207],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,39208,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,39210,39211,39213,39215,39217],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,39212,62],{"class":61},[55,39214,66],{"class":65},[55,39216,38973],{"class":318},[55,39218,322],{"class":65},[14,39220,281],{},[46,39222,39223],{"className":48,"code":38654,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,39224,39225],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,39226,39227,39229,39231,39233,39235,39237,39239],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,39228,4186],{"class":65},[55,39230,707],{"class":75},[55,39232,163],{"class":65},[55,39234,2759],{"class":75},[55,39236,163],{"class":65},[55,39238,37706],{"class":75},[55,39240,924],{"class":65},[14,39242,39243,39244,29],{},"If you want another common filtering style, see ",[294,39245,39247],{"href":39246},"\u002Flearn\u002Flist-comprehensions-in-python-explained\u002F","list comprehensions in Python explained",[41,39249,1586],{"id":1585},[14,39251,14780,39252,29],{},[18,39253,37638],{},[889,39255,1595,39257,39259],{"id":39256},"expecting-filter-to-return-a-list",[18,39258,37638],{}," to return a list",[14,39261,39262],{},"This is the most common mistake.",[46,39264,39266],{"className":48,"code":39265,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[18,39267,39268,39310],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,39269,39270,39272,39274,39276,39278,39280,39282,39284,39286,39288,39290,39292,39294,39296,39298,39300,39302,39304,39306,39308],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,39271,2534],{"class":902},[55,39273,906],{"class":703},[55,39275,37717],{"class":61},[55,39277,66],{"class":65},[55,39279,37722],{"class":1914},[55,39281,37726],{"class":37725},[55,39283,790],{"class":65},[55,39285,4165],{"class":318},[55,39287,4538],{"class":703},[55,39289,166],{"class":75},[55,39291,163],{"class":65},[55,39293,909],{"class":65},[55,39295,93],{"class":75},[55,39297,163],{"class":65},[55,39299,166],{"class":75},[55,39301,163],{"class":65},[55,39303,171],{"class":75},[55,39305,163],{"class":65},[55,39307,2759],{"class":75},[55,39309,4174],{"class":65},[55,39311,39312,39314,39316,39318],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,39313,62],{"class":61},[55,39315,66],{"class":65},[55,39317,2569],{"class":318},[55,39319,322],{"class":65},[14,39321,39322],{},"This prints a filter object, not the values.",[14,39324,39325],{},"Fix:",[46,39327,39329],{"className":48,"code":39328,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,39330,39331,39373],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,39332,39333,39335,39337,39339,39341,39343,39345,39347,39349,39351,39353,39355,39357,39359,39361,39363,39365,39367,39369,39371],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,39334,2534],{"class":902},[55,39336,906],{"class":703},[55,39338,37717],{"class":61},[55,39340,66],{"class":65},[55,39342,37722],{"class":1914},[55,39344,37726],{"class":37725},[55,39346,790],{"class":65},[55,39348,4165],{"class":318},[55,39350,4538],{"class":703},[55,39352,166],{"class":75},[55,39354,163],{"class":65},[55,39356,909],{"class":65},[55,39358,93],{"class":75},[55,39360,163],{"class":65},[55,39362,166],{"class":75},[55,39364,163],{"class":65},[55,39366,171],{"class":75},[55,39368,163],{"class":65},[55,39370,2759],{"class":75},[55,39372,4174],{"class":65},[55,39374,39375,39377,39379,39381,39383,39385],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,39376,62],{"class":61},[55,39378,66],{"class":65},[55,39380,1229],{"class":69},[55,39382,66],{"class":65},[55,39384,2569],{"class":318},[55,39386,79],{"class":65},[889,39388,39390,39391,25,39393,39395],{"id":39389},"using-a-test-function-that-does-not-return-true-or-false-clearly","Using a test function that does not return ",[18,39392,24],{},[18,39394,28],{}," clearly",[14,39397,39398],{},"Your function should make it obvious whether an item should stay.",[14,39400,39401],{},"Good example:",[46,39403,39405],{"className":48,"code":39404,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"def is_positive(number):\n    return number > 0\n",[18,39406,39407,39420],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,39408,39409,39411,39414,39416,39418],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,39410,34910],{"class":1914},[55,39412,39413],{"class":34913}," is_positive",[55,39415,66],{"class":65},[55,39417,2544],{"class":37725},[55,39419,1480],{"class":65},[55,39421,39422,39424,39426,39428],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,39423,34921],{"class":1193},[55,39425,6663],{"class":902},[55,39427,4538],{"class":703},[55,39429,38576],{"class":75},[14,39431,39432],{},"Then use it with:",[46,39434,39436],{"className":48,"code":39435,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]\nprint(list(filter(is_positive, numbers)))\n",[18,39437,39438,39470],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,39439,39440,39442,39444,39446,39448,39450,39452,39454,39456,39458,39460,39462,39464,39466,39468],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,39441,1168],{"class":902},[55,39443,906],{"class":703},[55,39445,909],{"class":65},[55,39447,704],{"class":703},[55,39449,707],{"class":75},[55,39451,163],{"class":65},[55,39453,2526],{"class":703},[55,39455,93],{"class":75},[55,39457,163],{"class":65},[55,39459,4121],{"class":75},[55,39461,163],{"class":65},[55,39463,5782],{"class":75},[55,39465,163],{"class":65},[55,39467,166],{"class":75},[55,39469,924],{"class":65},[55,39471,39472,39474,39476,39478,39480,39482,39484,39487,39489,39491],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,39473,62],{"class":61},[55,39475,66],{"class":65},[55,39477,1229],{"class":69},[55,39479,66],{"class":65},[55,39481,37664],{"class":61},[55,39483,66],{"class":65},[55,39485,39486],{"class":318},"is_positive",[55,39488,163],{"class":65},[55,39490,1196],{"class":318},[55,39492,769],{"class":65},[14,39494,281],{},[46,39496,39498],{"className":48,"code":39497,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[1, 2]\n",[18,39499,39500],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,39501,39502,39504,39506,39508,39510],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,39503,4186],{"class":65},[55,39505,93],{"class":75},[55,39507,163],{"class":65},[55,39509,166],{"class":75},[55,39511,924],{"class":65},[889,39513,39515],{"id":39514},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-filter-object-after-it-has-been-consumed","Trying to reuse the same filter object after it has been consumed",[14,39517,39518],{},"A filter object is not stored like a list.",[46,39520,39521],{"className":48,"code":38260,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,39522,39523,39565,39569,39583],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,39524,39525,39527,39529,39531,39533,39535,39537,39539,39541,39543,39545,39547,39549,39551,39553,39555,39557,39559,39561,39563],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,39526,2534],{"class":902},[55,39528,906],{"class":703},[55,39530,37717],{"class":61},[55,39532,66],{"class":65},[55,39534,37722],{"class":1914},[55,39536,37726],{"class":37725},[55,39538,790],{"class":65},[55,39540,4165],{"class":318},[55,39542,4538],{"class":703},[55,39544,166],{"class":75},[55,39546,163],{"class":65},[55,39548,909],{"class":65},[55,39550,93],{"class":75},[55,39552,163],{"class":65},[55,39554,166],{"class":75},[55,39556,163],{"class":65},[55,39558,171],{"class":75},[55,39560,163],{"class":65},[55,39562,2759],{"class":75},[55,39564,4174],{"class":65},[55,39566,39567],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,39568,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,39570,39571,39573,39575,39577,39579,39581],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,39572,62],{"class":61},[55,39574,66],{"class":65},[55,39576,1229],{"class":69},[55,39578,66],{"class":65},[55,39580,2569],{"class":318},[55,39582,79],{"class":65},[55,39584,39585,39587,39589,39591,39593,39595],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,39586,62],{"class":61},[55,39588,66],{"class":65},[55,39590,1229],{"class":69},[55,39592,66],{"class":65},[55,39594,2569],{"class":318},[55,39596,79],{"class":65},[14,39598,281],{},[46,39600,39601],{"className":48,"code":38341,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,39602,39603,39615],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,39604,39605,39607,39609,39611,39613],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,39606,4186],{"class":65},[55,39608,2366],{"class":75},[55,39610,163],{"class":65},[55,39612,2759],{"class":75},[55,39614,924],{"class":65},[55,39616,39617],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,39618,38360],{"class":65},[14,39620,39621],{},"If you need to use the values again, convert once and save them:",[46,39623,39625],{"className":48,"code":39624,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"result = list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4]))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[18,39626,39627,39673,39677,39687],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,39628,39629,39631,39633,39635,39637,39639,39641,39643,39645,39647,39649,39651,39653,39655,39657,39659,39661,39663,39665,39667,39669,39671],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,39630,2534],{"class":902},[55,39632,906],{"class":703},[55,39634,22612],{"class":69},[55,39636,66],{"class":65},[55,39638,37664],{"class":61},[55,39640,66],{"class":65},[55,39642,37722],{"class":1914},[55,39644,37726],{"class":37725},[55,39646,790],{"class":65},[55,39648,4165],{"class":318},[55,39650,4538],{"class":703},[55,39652,166],{"class":75},[55,39654,163],{"class":65},[55,39656,909],{"class":65},[55,39658,93],{"class":75},[55,39660,163],{"class":65},[55,39662,166],{"class":75},[55,39664,163],{"class":65},[55,39666,171],{"class":75},[55,39668,163],{"class":65},[55,39670,2759],{"class":75},[55,39672,174],{"class":65},[55,39674,39675],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,39676,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,39678,39679,39681,39683,39685],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,39680,62],{"class":61},[55,39682,66],{"class":65},[55,39684,2569],{"class":318},[55,39686,322],{"class":65},[55,39688,39689,39691,39693,39695],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,39690,62],{"class":61},[55,39692,66],{"class":65},[55,39694,2569],{"class":318},[55,39696,322],{"class":65},[889,39698,39700],{"id":39699},"passing-a-non-iterable-as-the-second-argument","Passing a non-iterable as the second argument",[14,39702,39703],{},"The second argument must be something you can loop over.",[14,39705,16692],{},[46,39707,39709],{"className":48,"code":39708,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"# filter(lambda x: x > 2, 10)\n",[18,39710,39711],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,39712,39713],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,39714,39708],{"class":3956},[14,39716,39717,39718,6826],{},"This causes an error because ",[18,39719,376],{},[14,39721,16704],{},[46,39723,39725],{"className":48,"code":39724,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])))\n",[18,39726,39727],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,39728,39729,39731,39733,39735,39737,39739,39741,39743,39745,39747,39749,39751,39753,39755,39757,39759,39761,39763,39765,39767,39769,39771],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,39730,62],{"class":61},[55,39732,66],{"class":65},[55,39734,1229],{"class":69},[55,39736,66],{"class":65},[55,39738,37664],{"class":61},[55,39740,66],{"class":65},[55,39742,37722],{"class":1914},[55,39744,37726],{"class":37725},[55,39746,790],{"class":65},[55,39748,4165],{"class":318},[55,39750,4538],{"class":703},[55,39752,166],{"class":75},[55,39754,163],{"class":65},[55,39756,909],{"class":65},[55,39758,93],{"class":75},[55,39760,163],{"class":65},[55,39762,166],{"class":75},[55,39764,163],{"class":65},[55,39766,171],{"class":75},[55,39768,163],{"class":65},[55,39770,2759],{"class":75},[55,39772,37327],{"class":65},[889,39774,37266,39776,1851,39778],{"id":39775},"confusing-filter-with-map",[18,39777,37638],{},[18,39779,39780],{},"map()",[240,39782,39783,39788],{},[243,39784,39785,39787],{},[18,39786,37638],{}," keeps or removes items",[243,39789,39790,39792],{},[18,39791,39780],{}," changes each item into a new value",[14,39794,39795,39796,790],{},"Example of ",[18,39797,37638],{},[46,39799,39801],{"className":48,"code":39800,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, numbers)))\n",[18,39802,39803,39827],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,39804,39805,39807,39809,39811,39813,39815,39817,39819,39821,39823,39825],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,39806,1168],{"class":902},[55,39808,906],{"class":703},[55,39810,909],{"class":65},[55,39812,93],{"class":75},[55,39814,163],{"class":65},[55,39816,166],{"class":75},[55,39818,163],{"class":65},[55,39820,171],{"class":75},[55,39822,163],{"class":65},[55,39824,2759],{"class":75},[55,39826,924],{"class":65},[55,39828,39829,39831,39833,39835,39837,39839,39841,39843,39845,39847,39849,39851,39853,39855,39857],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,39830,62],{"class":61},[55,39832,66],{"class":65},[55,39834,1229],{"class":69},[55,39836,66],{"class":65},[55,39838,37664],{"class":61},[55,39840,66],{"class":65},[55,39842,37722],{"class":1914},[55,39844,37726],{"class":37725},[55,39846,790],{"class":65},[55,39848,4165],{"class":318},[55,39850,4538],{"class":703},[55,39852,166],{"class":75},[55,39854,163],{"class":65},[55,39856,1196],{"class":318},[55,39858,769],{"class":65},[14,39860,281],{},[46,39862,39864],{"className":48,"code":39863,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[3, 4]\n",[18,39865,39866],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,39867,39868,39870,39872,39874,39876],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,39869,4186],{"class":65},[55,39871,2366],{"class":75},[55,39873,163],{"class":65},[55,39875,2759],{"class":75},[55,39877,924],{"class":65},[14,39879,39795,39880,790],{},[18,39881,39780],{},[46,39883,39885],{"className":48,"code":39884,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(map(lambda x: x * 2, numbers)))\n",[18,39886,39887,39911],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,39888,39889,39891,39893,39895,39897,39899,39901,39903,39905,39907,39909],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,39890,1168],{"class":902},[55,39892,906],{"class":703},[55,39894,909],{"class":65},[55,39896,93],{"class":75},[55,39898,163],{"class":65},[55,39900,166],{"class":75},[55,39902,163],{"class":65},[55,39904,171],{"class":75},[55,39906,163],{"class":65},[55,39908,2759],{"class":75},[55,39910,924],{"class":65},[55,39912,39913,39915,39917,39919,39921,39924,39926,39928,39930,39932,39934,39937,39939,39941,39943],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,39914,62],{"class":61},[55,39916,66],{"class":65},[55,39918,1229],{"class":69},[55,39920,66],{"class":65},[55,39922,39923],{"class":61},"map",[55,39925,66],{"class":65},[55,39927,37722],{"class":1914},[55,39929,37726],{"class":37725},[55,39931,790],{"class":65},[55,39933,4165],{"class":318},[55,39935,39936],{"class":703},"*",[55,39938,166],{"class":75},[55,39940,163],{"class":65},[55,39942,1196],{"class":318},[55,39944,769],{"class":65},[14,39946,281],{},[46,39948,39950],{"className":48,"code":39949,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[2, 4, 6, 8]\n",[18,39951,39952],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,39953,39954,39956,39958,39960,39962,39964,39966,39968,39970],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,39955,4186],{"class":65},[55,39957,707],{"class":75},[55,39959,163],{"class":65},[55,39961,2759],{"class":75},[55,39963,163],{"class":65},[55,39965,37706],{"class":75},[55,39967,163],{"class":65},[55,39969,6636],{"class":75},[55,39971,924],{"class":65},[14,39973,39974,39975,29],{},"For the related function, see ",[294,39976,3871,39978,3804],{"href":39977},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained\u002F",[18,39979,39780],{},[41,39981,2139],{"id":2138},[889,39983,12748,39985,39987],{"id":39984},"does-filter-return-a-list-in-python-3",[18,39986,37638],{}," return a list in Python 3?",[14,39989,39990,39991,39993],{},"No. In Python 3, it returns a filter object. Convert it with ",[18,39992,24834],{}," if needed.",[889,39995,39997,39998,40000],{"id":39996},"what-does-the-function-inside-filter-need-to-return","What does the function inside ",[18,39999,37638],{}," need to return?",[14,40002,37945,40003,40005,40006,40008],{},[18,40004,24],{}," to keep an item and ",[18,40007,28],{}," to remove it.",[889,40010,28383,40012,40014],{"id":40011},"can-i-use-filter-without-lambda",[18,40013,37638],{}," without lambda?",[14,40016,40017],{},"Yes. You can pass a regular named function.",[889,40019,5429,40021,40024],{"id":40020},"what-does-filternone-items-do",[18,40022,40023],{},"filter(None, items)"," do?",[14,40026,40027,40028,40030,40031,17121,40033,29],{},"It removes falsy values such as ",[18,40029,76],{},", empty strings, ",[18,40032,481],{},[18,40034,28],{},[889,40036,21472,40038,40040],{"id":40037},"should-i-use-filter-or-a-list-comprehension",[18,40039,37638],{}," or a list comprehension?",[14,40042,40043,40044,40046],{},"Both work. Many beginners find list comprehensions or ",[18,40045,6236],{}," loops easier to read.",[14,40048,40049],{},"If your goal is simple filtering:",[240,40051,40052,40058,40064],{},[243,40053,40054,40055,40057],{},"use ",[18,40056,37638],{}," when you already have a test function or want a functional style",[243,40059,40060,40061,40063],{},"use a ",[18,40062,6236],{}," loop when you want the clearest step-by-step logic",[243,40065,40066],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a short and readable result list",[14,40068,40069,40070,29],{},"For a task-based example, see ",[294,40071,5419],{"href":40072},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python\u002F",[41,40074,2193],{"id":2192},[240,40076,40077,40082,40086,40091,40097],{},[243,40078,40079],{},[294,40080,40081],{"href":38517},"Lambda functions in Python explained",[243,40083,40084],{},[294,40085,5508],{"href":40072},[243,40087,40088],{},[294,40089,40090],{"href":39246},"List comprehensions in Python explained",[243,40092,40093],{},[294,40094,3871,40095,3804],{"href":39977},[18,40096,39780],{},[243,40098,40099],{},[294,40100,5503],{"href":5867},[2226,40102,40103],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki 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code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":40105},[40106,40107,40109,40113,40116,40118,40120,40122,40124,40134,40146],{"id":2307,"depth":82,"text":2308},{"id":37772,"depth":82,"text":40108},"What filter() does",{"id":37906,"depth":82,"text":37907,"children":40110},[40111,40112],{"id":37923,"depth":98,"text":37923},{"id":4014,"depth":98,"text":4014},{"id":38082,"depth":82,"text":38083,"children":40114},[40115],{"id":38253,"depth":98,"text":38254},{"id":38366,"depth":82,"text":40117},"Using filter() with lambda",{"id":38521,"depth":82,"text":40119},"Using filter() with a named function",{"id":38683,"depth":82,"text":40121},"Using None with filter()",{"id":38863,"depth":82,"text":40123},"When to use filter()",{"id":1585,"depth":82,"text":1586,"children":40125},[40126,40128,40130,40131,40132],{"id":39256,"depth":98,"text":40127},"Expecting filter() to return a list",{"id":39389,"depth":98,"text":40129},"Using a test function that does not return True or False clearly",{"id":39514,"depth":98,"text":39515},{"id":39699,"depth":98,"text":39700},{"id":39775,"depth":98,"text":40133},"Confusing filter() with map()",{"id":2138,"depth":82,"text":2139,"children":40135},[40136,40138,40140,40142,40144],{"id":39984,"depth":98,"text":40137},"Does filter() return a list in Python 3?",{"id":39996,"depth":98,"text":40139},"What does the function inside filter() need to return?",{"id":40011,"depth":98,"text":40141},"Can I use filter() without lambda?",{"id":40020,"depth":98,"text":40143},"What does filter(None, items) do?",{"id":40037,"depth":98,"text":40145},"Should I use filter() or a list comprehension?",{"id":2192,"depth":82,"text":2193},"Master python filter function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained",{"title":37630,"description":40147},"reference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained","J9FdKm1wa-c3gDwJ_QQuBfzCHZa4aHKoE2spSvz7L8I",{"id":40154,"title":40155,"body":40156,"description":42309,"extension":2267,"meta":42310,"navigation":1121,"path":42311,"seo":42312,"stem":42313,"__hash__":42314},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained.md","Python float() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":40157,"toc":42263},[40158,40161,40166,40172,40174,40226,40228,40247,40252,40256,40261,40264,40279,40282,40304,40306,40355,40357,40381,40383,40385,40400,40405,40413,40428,40430,40439,40442,40477,40481,40486,40490,40497,40532,40534,40550,40554,40557,40598,40600,40614,40618,40621,40645,40647,40656,40660,40663,40696,40698,40711,40715,40721,40740,40742,40750,40754,40759,40763,40769,40792,40794,40823,40826,40845,40849,40852,40879,40881,40915,40919,40922,40946,40950,40961,40963,40968,40974,40976,41060,41062,41104,41107,41111,41118,41127,41183,41190,41199,41204,41208,41279,41281,41290,41294,41297,41341,41343,41352,41356,41362,41412,41416,41421,41425,41449,41451,41460,41464,41488,41490,41501,41505,41529,41531,41540,41543,41560,41566,41570,41576,41579,41584,41587,41608,41610,41642,41645,41650,41652,41663,41665,41709,41713,41720,41772,41774,41783,41787,41790,41883,41886,41910,41914,41917,42009,42014,42018,42025,42030,42054,42056,42065,42070,42093,42095,42103,42110,42133,42141,42143,42156,42166,42168,42172,42179,42183,42192,42196,42203,42207,42211,42215,42228,42230,42260],[10,40159,40155],{"id":40160},"python-float-function-explained",[14,40162,9159,40163,40165],{},[18,40164,3186],{}," function converts a value into a floating-point number.",[14,40167,40168,40169,40171],{},"This is useful when you need decimal numbers in Python, especially when working with user input, file data, or numeric strings. In this guide, you will learn what ",[18,40170,3186],{}," does, what values it accepts, what errors it can raise, and how to use it safely.",[41,40173,2308],{"id":2307},[46,40175,40177],{"className":48,"code":40176,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(True))\n",[18,40178,40179,40193,40212],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,40180,40181,40183,40185,40187,40189,40191],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40182,62],{"class":61},[55,40184,66],{"class":65},[55,40186,2496],{"class":69},[55,40188,66],{"class":65},[55,40190,688],{"class":75},[55,40192,79],{"class":65},[55,40194,40195,40197,40199,40201,40203,40205,40208,40210],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,40196,62],{"class":61},[55,40198,66],{"class":65},[55,40200,2496],{"class":69},[55,40202,66],{"class":65},[55,40204,126],{"class":109},[55,40206,40207],{"class":129},"3.14",[55,40209,126],{"class":109},[55,40211,79],{"class":65},[55,40213,40214,40216,40218,40220,40222,40224],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,40215,62],{"class":61},[55,40217,66],{"class":65},[55,40219,2496],{"class":69},[55,40221,66],{"class":65},[55,40223,24],{"class":187},[55,40225,79],{"class":65},[14,40227,281],{},[46,40229,40231],{"className":48,"code":40230,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"5.0\n3.14\n1.0\n",[18,40232,40233,40237,40242],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,40234,40235],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40236,2781],{"class":75},[55,40238,40239],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,40240,40241],{"class":75},"3.14\n",[55,40243,40244],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,40245,40246],{"class":75},"1.0\n",[14,40248,212,40249,40251],{},[18,40250,3186],{}," to convert compatible values like integers, numeric strings, and booleans into floating-point numbers.",[41,40253,40255],{"id":40254},"what-float-does","What float() does",[14,40257,40258,40260],{},[18,40259,3186],{}," converts a value to a floating-point number.",[14,40262,40263],{},"A floating-point number is a number that can contain a decimal part, such as:",[240,40265,40266,40270,40274],{},[243,40267,40268],{},[18,40269,2793],{},[243,40271,40272],{},[18,40273,40207],{},[243,40275,40276],{},[18,40277,40278],{},"0.5",[14,40280,40281],{},"A few key points:",[240,40283,40284,40291,40294,40297],{},[243,40285,40286,40288,40289],{},[18,40287,3186],{}," returns a value of type ",[18,40290,2496],{},[243,40292,40293],{},"The result is always a floating-point number",[243,40295,40296],{},"It is often used to turn text into a number",[243,40298,40299,40300],{},"It is especially useful with values returned by ",[294,40301,40302],{"href":1356},[18,40303,1359],{},[14,40305,358],{},[46,40307,40309],{"className":48,"code":40308,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"number = float(\"2.75\")\nprint(number)\nprint(type(number))\n",[18,40310,40311,40331,40341],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,40312,40313,40315,40317,40320,40322,40324,40327,40329],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40314,2521],{"class":902},[55,40316,906],{"class":703},[55,40318,40319],{"class":69}," float",[55,40321,66],{"class":65},[55,40323,126],{"class":109},[55,40325,40326],{"class":129},"2.75",[55,40328,126],{"class":109},[55,40330,322],{"class":65},[55,40332,40333,40335,40337,40339],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,40334,62],{"class":61},[55,40336,66],{"class":65},[55,40338,2544],{"class":318},[55,40340,322],{"class":65},[55,40342,40343,40345,40347,40349,40351,40353],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,40344,62],{"class":61},[55,40346,66],{"class":65},[55,40348,1879],{"class":69},[55,40350,66],{"class":65},[55,40352,2544],{"class":318},[55,40354,79],{"class":65},[14,40356,281],{},[46,40358,40360],{"className":48,"code":40359,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"2.75\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[18,40361,40362,40367],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,40363,40364],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40365,40366],{"class":75},"2.75\n",[55,40368,40369,40371,40373,40375,40377,40379],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,40370,1911],{"class":703},[55,40372,1915],{"class":1914},[55,40374,1918],{"class":109},[55,40376,2496],{"class":129},[55,40378,1923],{"class":109},[55,40380,1926],{"class":703},[41,40382,2460],{"id":2459},[14,40384,304],{},[46,40386,40388],{"className":48,"code":40387,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"float(value)\n",[18,40389,40390],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,40391,40392,40394,40396,40398],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40393,2496],{"class":69},[55,40395,66],{"class":65},[55,40397,319],{"class":318},[55,40399,322],{"class":65},[14,40401,40402,40403,29],{},"In most code, you pass one argument to ",[18,40404,3186],{},[14,40406,40407,40408,40410,40411,790],{},"If you call ",[18,40409,3186],{}," with no argument, Python returns ",[18,40412,452],{},[46,40414,40416],{"className":48,"code":40415,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(float())\n",[18,40417,40418],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,40419,40420,40422,40424,40426],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40421,62],{"class":61},[55,40423,66],{"class":65},[55,40425,2496],{"class":69},[55,40427,278],{"class":65},[14,40429,281],{},[46,40431,40433],{"className":48,"code":40432,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"0.0\n",[18,40434,40435],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,40436,40437],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40438,40432],{"class":75},[14,40440,40441],{},"You can print the result directly or store it in a variable:",[46,40443,40445],{"className":48,"code":40444,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"price = float(\"19.99\")\nprint(price)\n",[18,40446,40447,40467],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,40448,40449,40452,40454,40456,40458,40460,40463,40465],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40450,40451],{"class":902},"price ",[55,40453,906],{"class":703},[55,40455,40319],{"class":69},[55,40457,66],{"class":65},[55,40459,126],{"class":109},[55,40461,40462],{"class":129},"19.99",[55,40464,126],{"class":109},[55,40466,322],{"class":65},[55,40468,40469,40471,40473,40475],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,40470,62],{"class":61},[55,40472,66],{"class":65},[55,40474,25203],{"class":318},[55,40476,322],{"class":65},[41,40478,40480],{"id":40479},"values-float-can-convert","Values float() can convert",[14,40482,40483,40485],{},[18,40484,3186],{}," can convert several common value types.",[889,40487,40489],{"id":40488},"integers","Integers",[14,40491,40492,40493,40496],{},"An integer becomes a float with ",[18,40494,40495],{},".0"," added:",[46,40498,40500],{"className":48,"code":40499,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(-2))\n",[18,40501,40502,40516],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,40503,40504,40506,40508,40510,40512,40514],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40505,62],{"class":61},[55,40507,66],{"class":65},[55,40509,2496],{"class":69},[55,40511,66],{"class":65},[55,40513,688],{"class":75},[55,40515,79],{"class":65},[55,40517,40518,40520,40522,40524,40526,40528,40530],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,40519,62],{"class":61},[55,40521,66],{"class":65},[55,40523,2496],{"class":69},[55,40525,66],{"class":65},[55,40527,704],{"class":703},[55,40529,707],{"class":75},[55,40531,79],{"class":65},[14,40533,281],{},[46,40535,40537],{"className":48,"code":40536,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"5.0\n-2.0\n",[18,40538,40539,40543],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,40540,40541],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40542,2781],{"class":75},[55,40544,40545,40547],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,40546,704],{"class":703},[55,40548,40549],{"class":75},"2.0\n",[889,40551,40553],{"id":40552},"numeric-strings","Numeric strings",[14,40555,40556],{},"Strings containing valid numbers can be converted:",[46,40558,40560],{"className":48,"code":40559,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(\"10\"))\n",[18,40561,40562,40580],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,40563,40564,40566,40568,40570,40572,40574,40576,40578],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40565,62],{"class":61},[55,40567,66],{"class":65},[55,40569,2496],{"class":69},[55,40571,66],{"class":65},[55,40573,126],{"class":109},[55,40575,40207],{"class":129},[55,40577,126],{"class":109},[55,40579,79],{"class":65},[55,40581,40582,40584,40586,40588,40590,40592,40594,40596],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,40583,62],{"class":61},[55,40585,66],{"class":65},[55,40587,2496],{"class":69},[55,40589,66],{"class":65},[55,40591,126],{"class":109},[55,40593,376],{"class":129},[55,40595,126],{"class":109},[55,40597,79],{"class":65},[14,40599,281],{},[46,40601,40603],{"className":48,"code":40602,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"3.14\n10.0\n",[18,40604,40605,40609],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,40606,40607],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40608,40241],{"class":75},[55,40610,40611],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,40612,40613],{"class":75},"10.0\n",[889,40615,40617],{"id":40616},"strings-with-spaces","Strings with spaces",[14,40619,40620],{},"Extra spaces around the number are usually fine:",[46,40622,40624],{"className":48,"code":40623,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(float(\"  8.5  \"))\n",[18,40625,40626],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,40627,40628,40630,40632,40634,40636,40638,40641,40643],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40629,62],{"class":61},[55,40631,66],{"class":65},[55,40633,2496],{"class":69},[55,40635,66],{"class":65},[55,40637,126],{"class":109},[55,40639,40640],{"class":129},"  8.5  ",[55,40642,126],{"class":109},[55,40644,79],{"class":65},[14,40646,281],{},[46,40648,40650],{"className":48,"code":40649,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"8.5\n",[18,40651,40652],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,40653,40654],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40655,40649],{"class":75},[889,40657,40659],{"id":40658},"booleans","Booleans",[14,40661,40662],{},"Boolean values also work:",[46,40664,40666],{"className":48,"code":40665,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(float(True))\nprint(float(False))\n",[18,40667,40668,40682],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,40669,40670,40672,40674,40676,40678,40680],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40671,62],{"class":61},[55,40673,66],{"class":65},[55,40675,2496],{"class":69},[55,40677,66],{"class":65},[55,40679,24],{"class":187},[55,40681,79],{"class":65},[55,40683,40684,40686,40688,40690,40692,40694],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,40685,62],{"class":61},[55,40687,66],{"class":65},[55,40689,2496],{"class":69},[55,40691,66],{"class":65},[55,40693,28],{"class":187},[55,40695,79],{"class":65},[14,40697,281],{},[46,40699,40701],{"className":48,"code":40700,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"1.0\n0.0\n",[18,40702,40703,40707],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,40704,40705],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40706,40246],{"class":75},[55,40708,40709],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,40710,40432],{"class":75},[889,40712,40714],{"id":40713},"existing-floats","Existing floats",[14,40716,40717,40718,40720],{},"If the value is already a float, ",[18,40719,3186],{}," returns a float version of it:",[46,40722,40724],{"className":48,"code":40723,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(float(4.2))\n",[18,40725,40726],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,40727,40728,40730,40732,40734,40736,40738],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40729,62],{"class":61},[55,40731,66],{"class":65},[55,40733,2496],{"class":69},[55,40735,66],{"class":65},[55,40737,2666],{"class":75},[55,40739,79],{"class":65},[14,40741,281],{},[46,40743,40744],{"className":48,"code":2690,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,40745,40746],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,40747,40748],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40749,2690],{"class":75},[41,40751,40753],{"id":40752},"values-that-cause-errors","Values that cause errors",[14,40755,40756,40757,29],{},"Some values cannot be converted by ",[18,40758,3186],{},[889,40760,40762],{"id":40761},"non-numeric-text","Non-numeric text",[14,40764,40765,40766,790],{},"If the string does not contain a valid number, Python raises a ",[18,40767,40768],{},"ValueError",[46,40770,40772],{"className":48,"code":40771,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(float(\"hello\"))\n",[18,40773,40774],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,40775,40776,40778,40780,40782,40784,40786,40788,40790],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40777,62],{"class":61},[55,40779,66],{"class":65},[55,40781,2496],{"class":69},[55,40783,66],{"class":65},[55,40785,126],{"class":109},[55,40787,130],{"class":129},[55,40789,126],{"class":109},[55,40791,79],{"class":65},[14,40793,29736],{},[46,40795,40797],{"className":48,"code":40796,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'hello'\n",[18,40798,40799],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,40800,40801,40803,40805,40808,40810,40813,40815,40817,40819,40821],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40802,40768],{"class":69},[55,40804,790],{"class":65},[55,40806,40807],{"class":902}," could ",[55,40809,4916],{"class":703},[55,40811,40812],{"class":902}," convert string to ",[55,40814,2496],{"class":69},[55,40816,790],{"class":65},[55,40818,1918],{"class":109},[55,40820,130],{"class":129},[55,40822,29755],{"class":109},[14,40824,40825],{},"This also happens with an empty string:",[46,40827,40829],{"className":48,"code":40828,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(float(\"\"))\n",[18,40830,40831],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,40832,40833,40835,40837,40839,40841,40843],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40834,62],{"class":61},[55,40836,66],{"class":65},[55,40838,2496],{"class":69},[55,40840,66],{"class":65},[55,40842,110],{"class":109},[55,40844,79],{"class":65},[889,40846,40848],{"id":40847},"unsupported-types","Unsupported types",[14,40850,40851],{},"Some types are not accepted directly, such as lists and dictionaries:",[46,40853,40855],{"className":48,"code":40854,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(float([1, 2, 3]))\n",[18,40856,40857],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,40858,40859,40861,40863,40865,40867,40869,40871,40873,40875,40877],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40860,62],{"class":61},[55,40862,66],{"class":65},[55,40864,2496],{"class":69},[55,40866,158],{"class":65},[55,40868,93],{"class":75},[55,40870,163],{"class":65},[55,40872,166],{"class":75},[55,40874,163],{"class":65},[55,40876,171],{"class":75},[55,40878,174],{"class":65},[14,40880,29736],{},[46,40882,40884],{"className":48,"code":40883,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"TypeError: float() argument must be a string or a real number, not 'list'\n",[18,40885,40886],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,40887,40888,40890,40892,40894,40896,40899,40902,40905,40907,40909,40911,40913],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40889,3303],{"class":69},[55,40891,790],{"class":65},[55,40893,40319],{"class":69},[55,40895,466],{"class":65},[55,40897,40898],{"class":902}," argument must be a string ",[55,40900,40901],{"class":703},"or",[55,40903,40904],{"class":902}," a real number",[55,40906,163],{"class":65},[55,40908,1235],{"class":703},[55,40910,1918],{"class":109},[55,40912,1229],{"class":129},[55,40914,29755],{"class":109},[889,40916,40918],{"id":40917},"strings-with-commas","Strings with commas",[14,40920,40921],{},"In normal Python code, a comma is not treated as a decimal point:",[46,40923,40925],{"className":48,"code":40924,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(float(\"3,14\"))\n",[18,40926,40927],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,40928,40929,40931,40933,40935,40937,40939,40942,40944],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40930,62],{"class":61},[55,40932,66],{"class":65},[55,40934,2496],{"class":69},[55,40936,66],{"class":65},[55,40938,126],{"class":109},[55,40940,40941],{"class":129},"3,14",[55,40943,126],{"class":109},[55,40945,79],{"class":65},[14,40947,3300,40948,29],{},[18,40949,40768],{},[14,40951,40952,40953,4679,40957,29],{},"If you are fixing this specific problem, see ",[294,40954,40956],{"href":40955},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-float-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to float in Python",[294,40958,40960],{"href":40959},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-could-not-convert-string-to-float-fix\u002F","ValueError: could not convert string to float",[41,40962,17468],{"id":17467},[14,40964,40965,40967],{},[18,40966,3186],{}," returns a new float value.",[14,40969,40970,40971,40973],{},"It does ",[435,40972,4916],{}," change the original value in place.",[14,40975,358],{},[46,40977,40979],{"className":48,"code":40978,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"6.5\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[18,40980,40981,40994,41008,41012,41022,41032,41046],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,40982,40983,40985,40987,40989,40992],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40984,34746],{"class":902},[55,40986,906],{"class":703},[55,40988,793],{"class":109},[55,40990,40991],{"class":129},"6.5",[55,40993,1052],{"class":109},[55,40995,40996,40998,41000,41002,41004,41006],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,40997,2521],{"class":902},[55,40999,906],{"class":703},[55,41001,40319],{"class":69},[55,41003,66],{"class":65},[55,41005,34767],{"class":318},[55,41007,322],{"class":65},[55,41009,41010],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,41011,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,41013,41014,41016,41018,41020],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,41015,62],{"class":61},[55,41017,66],{"class":65},[55,41019,34767],{"class":318},[55,41021,322],{"class":65},[55,41023,41024,41026,41028,41030],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,41025,62],{"class":61},[55,41027,66],{"class":65},[55,41029,2544],{"class":318},[55,41031,322],{"class":65},[55,41033,41034,41036,41038,41040,41042,41044],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,41035,62],{"class":61},[55,41037,66],{"class":65},[55,41039,1879],{"class":69},[55,41041,66],{"class":65},[55,41043,34767],{"class":318},[55,41045,79],{"class":65},[55,41047,41048,41050,41052,41054,41056,41058],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,41049,62],{"class":61},[55,41051,66],{"class":65},[55,41053,1879],{"class":69},[55,41055,66],{"class":65},[55,41057,2544],{"class":318},[55,41059,79],{"class":65},[14,41061,281],{},[46,41063,41065],{"className":48,"code":41064,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"6.5\n6.5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[18,41066,41067,41072,41076,41090],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,41068,41069],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,41070,41071],{"class":75},"6.5\n",[55,41073,41074],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,41075,41071],{"class":75},[55,41077,41078,41080,41082,41084,41086,41088],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,41079,1911],{"class":703},[55,41081,1915],{"class":1914},[55,41083,1918],{"class":109},[55,41085,3738],{"class":129},[55,41087,1923],{"class":109},[55,41089,1926],{"class":703},[55,41091,41092,41094,41096,41098,41100,41102],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,41093,1911],{"class":703},[55,41095,1915],{"class":1914},[55,41097,1918],{"class":109},[55,41099,2496],{"class":129},[55,41101,1923],{"class":109},[55,41103,1926],{"class":703},[14,41105,41106],{},"In real programs, you usually assign the result to a variable so you can use it later.",[41,41108,41110],{"id":41109},"common-beginner-use-cases","Common beginner use cases",[889,41112,41114,41115,41117],{"id":41113},"convert-input-text-into-a-decimal-number","Convert ",[18,41116,1359],{}," text into a decimal number",[14,41119,16,41120,41124,41125,29],{},[294,41121,41122,2607],{"href":1356},[18,41123,1359],{}," always returns a string. If you want to do math, you often need ",[18,41126,3186],{},[46,41128,41130],{"className":48,"code":41129,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"user_value = input(\"Enter a price: \")\nprice = float(user_value)\n\nprint(price * 2)\n",[18,41131,41132,41151,41165,41169],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,41133,41134,41136,41138,41140,41142,41144,41147,41149],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,41135,1375],{"class":902},[55,41137,906],{"class":703},[55,41139,1380],{"class":61},[55,41141,66],{"class":65},[55,41143,126],{"class":109},[55,41145,41146],{"class":129},"Enter a price: ",[55,41148,126],{"class":109},[55,41150,322],{"class":65},[55,41152,41153,41155,41157,41159,41161,41163],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,41154,40451],{"class":902},[55,41156,906],{"class":703},[55,41158,40319],{"class":69},[55,41160,66],{"class":65},[55,41162,1404],{"class":318},[55,41164,322],{"class":65},[55,41166,41167],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,41168,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,41170,41171,41173,41175,41177,41179,41181],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,41172,62],{"class":61},[55,41174,66],{"class":65},[55,41176,40451],{"class":318},[55,41178,39936],{"class":703},[55,41180,166],{"class":75},[55,41182,322],{"class":65},[14,41184,41185,41186,41189],{},"If the user enters ",[18,41187,41188],{},"4.5",", the output will be:",[46,41191,41193],{"className":48,"code":41192,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"9.0\n",[18,41194,41195],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,41196,41197],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,41198,41192],{"class":75},[14,41200,41201,41202,29],{},"For more help with this, see ",[294,41203,2135],{"href":2134},[889,41205,41207],{"id":41206},"prepare-values-for-math","Prepare values for math",[46,41209,41211],{"className":48,"code":41210,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = \"2.5\"\nb = \"1.5\"\n\ntotal = float(a) + float(b)\nprint(total)\n",[18,41212,41213,41226,41239,41243,41268],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,41214,41215,41217,41219,41221,41224],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,41216,2857],{"class":902},[55,41218,906],{"class":703},[55,41220,793],{"class":109},[55,41222,41223],{"class":129},"2.5",[55,41225,1052],{"class":109},[55,41227,41228,41230,41232,41234,41237],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,41229,2885],{"class":902},[55,41231,906],{"class":703},[55,41233,793],{"class":109},[55,41235,41236],{"class":129},"1.5",[55,41238,1052],{"class":109},[55,41240,41241],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,41242,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,41244,41245,41248,41250,41252,41254,41256,41258,41260,41262,41264,41266],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,41246,41247],{"class":902},"total ",[55,41249,906],{"class":703},[55,41251,40319],{"class":69},[55,41253,66],{"class":65},[55,41255,294],{"class":318},[55,41257,3953],{"class":65},[55,41259,2756],{"class":703},[55,41261,40319],{"class":69},[55,41263,66],{"class":65},[55,41265,5046],{"class":318},[55,41267,322],{"class":65},[55,41269,41270,41272,41274,41277],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,41271,62],{"class":61},[55,41273,66],{"class":65},[55,41275,41276],{"class":318},"total",[55,41278,322],{"class":65},[14,41280,281],{},[46,41282,41284],{"className":48,"code":41283,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"4.0\n",[18,41285,41286],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,41287,41288],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,41289,41283],{"class":75},[889,41291,41293],{"id":41292},"convert-whole-numbers-to-floats","Convert whole numbers to floats",[14,41295,41296],{},"Sometimes a function or calculation expects float values:",[46,41298,41300],{"className":48,"code":41299,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"count = 7\nresult = float(count)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,41301,41302,41312,41327,41331],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,41303,41304,41307,41309],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,41305,41306],{"class":902},"count ",[55,41308,906],{"class":703},[55,41310,41311],{"class":75}," 7\n",[55,41313,41314,41316,41318,41320,41322,41325],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,41315,2534],{"class":902},[55,41317,906],{"class":703},[55,41319,40319],{"class":69},[55,41321,66],{"class":65},[55,41323,41324],{"class":318},"count",[55,41326,322],{"class":65},[55,41328,41329],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,41330,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,41332,41333,41335,41337,41339],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,41334,62],{"class":61},[55,41336,66],{"class":65},[55,41338,2569],{"class":318},[55,41340,322],{"class":65},[14,41342,281],{},[46,41344,41346],{"className":48,"code":41345,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"7.0\n",[18,41347,41348],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,41349,41350],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,41351,41345],{"class":75},[889,41353,41355],{"id":41354},"convert-numbers-read-from-files-or-apis","Convert numbers read from files or APIs",[14,41357,41358,41359,41361],{},"Data often arrives as strings. ",[18,41360,3186],{}," helps turn that text into usable numbers.",[46,41363,41365],{"className":48,"code":41364,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"temperature_text = \"21.8\"\ntemperature = float(temperature_text)\n\nprint(temperature)\n",[18,41366,41367,41381,41397,41401],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,41368,41369,41372,41374,41376,41379],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,41370,41371],{"class":902},"temperature_text ",[55,41373,906],{"class":703},[55,41375,793],{"class":109},[55,41377,41378],{"class":129},"21.8",[55,41380,1052],{"class":109},[55,41382,41383,41386,41388,41390,41392,41395],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,41384,41385],{"class":902},"temperature ",[55,41387,906],{"class":703},[55,41389,40319],{"class":69},[55,41391,66],{"class":65},[55,41393,41394],{"class":318},"temperature_text",[55,41396,322],{"class":65},[55,41398,41399],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,41400,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,41402,41403,41405,41407,41410],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,41404,62],{"class":61},[55,41406,66],{"class":65},[55,41408,41409],{"class":318},"temperature",[55,41411,322],{"class":65},[41,41413,41415],{"id":41414},"special-values","Special values",[14,41417,41418,41420],{},[18,41419,3186],{}," can also create some special floating-point values.",[889,41422,41424],{"id":41423},"positive-infinity","Positive infinity",[46,41426,41428],{"className":48,"code":41427,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(float(\"inf\"))\n",[18,41429,41430],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,41431,41432,41434,41436,41438,41440,41442,41445,41447],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,41433,62],{"class":61},[55,41435,66],{"class":65},[55,41437,2496],{"class":69},[55,41439,66],{"class":65},[55,41441,126],{"class":109},[55,41443,41444],{"class":129},"inf",[55,41446,126],{"class":109},[55,41448,79],{"class":65},[14,41450,281],{},[46,41452,41454],{"className":48,"code":41453,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"inf\n",[18,41455,41456],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,41457,41458],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,41459,41453],{"class":902},[889,41461,41463],{"id":41462},"negative-infinity","Negative infinity",[46,41465,41467],{"className":48,"code":41466,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(float(\"-inf\"))\n",[18,41468,41469],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,41470,41471,41473,41475,41477,41479,41481,41484,41486],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,41472,62],{"class":61},[55,41474,66],{"class":65},[55,41476,2496],{"class":69},[55,41478,66],{"class":65},[55,41480,126],{"class":109},[55,41482,41483],{"class":129},"-inf",[55,41485,126],{"class":109},[55,41487,79],{"class":65},[14,41489,281],{},[46,41491,41493],{"className":48,"code":41492,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"-inf\n",[18,41494,41495],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,41496,41497,41499],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,41498,704],{"class":703},[55,41500,41453],{"class":902},[889,41502,41504],{"id":41503},"not-a-number","Not a number",[46,41506,41508],{"className":48,"code":41507,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(float(\"nan\"))\n",[18,41509,41510],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,41511,41512,41514,41516,41518,41520,41522,41525,41527],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,41513,62],{"class":61},[55,41515,66],{"class":65},[55,41517,2496],{"class":69},[55,41519,66],{"class":65},[55,41521,126],{"class":109},[55,41523,41524],{"class":129},"nan",[55,41526,126],{"class":109},[55,41528,79],{"class":65},[14,41530,281],{},[46,41532,41534],{"className":48,"code":41533,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"nan\n",[18,41535,41536],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,41537,41538],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,41539,41533],{"class":902},[14,41541,41542],{},"These values are valid floats, but they can be confusing at first:",[240,41544,41545,41550,41555],{},[243,41546,41547,41549],{},[18,41548,41444],{}," means positive infinity",[243,41551,41552,41554],{},[18,41553,41483],{}," means negative infinity",[243,41556,41557,41559],{},[18,41558,41524],{}," means “not a number”",[14,41561,41562,41563,41565],{},"Beginners usually do not need these right away, but it is helpful to know that ",[18,41564,3186],{}," accepts them.",[41,41567,41569],{"id":41568},"common-errors-and-fixes","Common errors and fixes",[14,41571,41572,41573,41575],{},"The most common problems with ",[18,41574,3186],{}," happen when the value is not in the right format.",[889,41577,40768],{"id":41578},"valueerror",[14,41580,15236,41581,41583],{},[18,41582,40768],{}," happens when the value is the right general type, usually a string, but the string is not a valid number.",[14,41585,41586],{},"Common causes:",[240,41588,41589,41595,41598,41601],{},[243,41590,41591,41592],{},"Passing non-numeric text like ",[18,41593,41594],{},"\"abc\"",[243,41596,41597],{},"Trying to convert an empty string",[243,41599,41600],{},"Using a comma instead of a decimal point",[243,41602,4989,41603],{},[294,41604,41605,41607],{"href":1356},[18,41606,1359],{}," returns a string",[14,41609,358],{},[46,41611,41613],{"className":48,"code":41612,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = \"abc\"\nprint(float(value))\n",[18,41614,41615,41628],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,41616,41617,41619,41621,41623,41626],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,41618,1654],{"class":902},[55,41620,906],{"class":703},[55,41622,793],{"class":109},[55,41624,41625],{"class":129},"abc",[55,41627,1052],{"class":109},[55,41629,41630,41632,41634,41636,41638,41640],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,41631,62],{"class":61},[55,41633,66],{"class":65},[55,41635,2496],{"class":69},[55,41637,66],{"class":65},[55,41639,319],{"class":318},[55,41641,79],{"class":65},[889,41643,3303],{"id":41644},"typeerror",[14,41646,15236,41647,41649],{},[18,41648,3303],{}," happens when the value type cannot be converted directly.",[14,41651,41586],{},[240,41653,41654,41657,41660],{},[243,41655,41656],{},"Passing a list",[243,41658,41659],{},"Passing a dictionary",[243,41661,41662],{},"Passing another unsupported type",[14,41664,358],{},[46,41666,41668],{"className":48,"code":41667,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = {\"price\": \"9.99\"}\nprint(float(value))\n",[18,41669,41670,41695],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,41671,41672,41674,41676,41678,41680,41682,41684,41686,41688,41691,41693],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,41673,1654],{"class":902},[55,41675,906],{"class":703},[55,41677,10529],{"class":65},[55,41679,126],{"class":109},[55,41681,25203],{"class":129},[55,41683,126],{"class":109},[55,41685,790],{"class":65},[55,41687,793],{"class":109},[55,41689,41690],{"class":129},"9.99",[55,41692,126],{"class":109},[55,41694,9346],{"class":65},[55,41696,41697,41699,41701,41703,41705,41707],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,41698,62],{"class":61},[55,41700,66],{"class":65},[55,41702,2496],{"class":69},[55,41704,66],{"class":65},[55,41706,319],{"class":318},[55,41708,79],{"class":65},[889,41710,41712],{"id":41711},"clean-the-string-first","Clean the string first",[14,41714,41715,41716,41719],{},"If the string may contain extra spaces, ",[18,41717,41718],{},"strip()"," can help:",[46,41721,41723],{"className":48,"code":41722,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = \"  7.25  \"\nclean_value = value.strip()\n\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[18,41724,41725,41738,41753,41757],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,41726,41727,41729,41731,41733,41736],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,41728,1654],{"class":902},[55,41730,906],{"class":703},[55,41732,793],{"class":109},[55,41734,41735],{"class":129},"  7.25  ",[55,41737,1052],{"class":109},[55,41739,41740,41743,41745,41747,41749,41751],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,41741,41742],{"class":902},"clean_value ",[55,41744,906],{"class":703},[55,41746,1572],{"class":902},[55,41748,29],{"class":65},[55,41750,1780],{"class":318},[55,41752,1789],{"class":65},[55,41754,41755],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,41756,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,41758,41759,41761,41763,41765,41767,41770],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,41760,62],{"class":61},[55,41762,66],{"class":65},[55,41764,2496],{"class":69},[55,41766,66],{"class":65},[55,41768,41769],{"class":318},"clean_value",[55,41771,79],{"class":65},[14,41773,281],{},[46,41775,41777],{"className":48,"code":41776,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"7.25\n",[18,41778,41779],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,41780,41781],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,41782,41776],{"class":75},[889,41784,41786],{"id":41785},"use-debugging-prints","Use debugging prints",[14,41788,41789],{},"If conversion fails, these checks are useful:",[46,41791,41793],{"className":48,"code":41792,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = \" 3.5 \"\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n\nclean_value = value.strip()\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[18,41794,41795,41808,41812,41822,41836,41851,41855,41869],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,41796,41797,41799,41801,41803,41806],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,41798,1654],{"class":902},[55,41800,906],{"class":703},[55,41802,793],{"class":109},[55,41804,41805],{"class":129}," 3.5 ",[55,41807,1052],{"class":109},[55,41809,41810],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,41811,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,41813,41814,41816,41818,41820],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,41815,62],{"class":61},[55,41817,66],{"class":65},[55,41819,319],{"class":318},[55,41821,322],{"class":65},[55,41823,41824,41826,41828,41830,41832,41834],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,41825,62],{"class":61},[55,41827,66],{"class":65},[55,41829,1879],{"class":69},[55,41831,66],{"class":65},[55,41833,319],{"class":318},[55,41835,79],{"class":65},[55,41837,41838,41840,41842,41845,41847,41849],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,41839,62],{"class":61},[55,41841,66],{"class":65},[55,41843,41844],{"class":61},"repr",[55,41846,66],{"class":65},[55,41848,319],{"class":318},[55,41850,79],{"class":65},[55,41852,41853],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,41854,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,41856,41857,41859,41861,41863,41865,41867],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,41858,41742],{"class":902},[55,41860,906],{"class":703},[55,41862,1572],{"class":902},[55,41864,29],{"class":65},[55,41866,1780],{"class":318},[55,41868,1789],{"class":65},[55,41870,41871,41873,41875,41877,41879,41881],{"class":57,"line":582},[55,41872,62],{"class":61},[55,41874,66],{"class":65},[55,41876,2496],{"class":69},[55,41878,66],{"class":65},[55,41880,41769],{"class":318},[55,41882,79],{"class":65},[14,41884,41885],{},"Why this helps:",[240,41887,41888,41894,41899,41905],{},[243,41889,41890,41893],{},[18,41891,41892],{},"print(value)"," shows the visible content",[243,41895,41896,21419],{},[18,41897,41898],{},"print(type(value))",[243,41900,41901,41904],{},[18,41902,41903],{},"print(repr(value))"," reveals hidden spaces or characters",[243,41906,41907,41909],{},[18,41908,41718],{}," removes spaces at the start and end",[889,41911,41913],{"id":41912},"use-try-except-for-unsafe-input","Use try-except for unsafe input",[14,41915,41916],{},"If the value may not be valid, handle the error safely:",[46,41918,41920],{"className":48,"code":41919,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\ntry:\n    number = float(value)\n    print(\"Converted:\", number)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"That is not a valid number.\")\n",[18,41921,41922,41941,41945,41951,41966,41985,41994],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,41923,41924,41926,41928,41930,41932,41934,41937,41939],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,41925,1654],{"class":902},[55,41927,906],{"class":703},[55,41929,1380],{"class":61},[55,41931,66],{"class":65},[55,41933,126],{"class":109},[55,41935,41936],{"class":129},"Enter a number: ",[55,41938,126],{"class":109},[55,41940,322],{"class":65},[55,41942,41943],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,41944,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,41946,41947,41949],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,41948,29859],{"class":1193},[55,41950,1199],{"class":65},[55,41952,41953,41956,41958,41960,41962,41964],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,41954,41955],{"class":902},"    number ",[55,41957,906],{"class":703},[55,41959,40319],{"class":69},[55,41961,66],{"class":65},[55,41963,319],{"class":318},[55,41965,322],{"class":65},[55,41967,41968,41970,41972,41974,41977,41979,41981,41983],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,41969,1204],{"class":61},[55,41971,66],{"class":65},[55,41973,126],{"class":109},[55,41975,41976],{"class":129},"Converted:",[55,41978,126],{"class":109},[55,41980,163],{"class":65},[55,41982,2501],{"class":318},[55,41984,322],{"class":65},[55,41986,41987,41989,41992],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,41988,29890],{"class":1193},[55,41990,41991],{"class":69}," ValueError",[55,41993,1199],{"class":65},[55,41995,41996,41998,42000,42002,42005,42007],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,41997,1204],{"class":61},[55,41999,66],{"class":65},[55,42001,126],{"class":109},[55,42003,42004],{"class":129},"That is not a valid number.",[55,42006,126],{"class":109},[55,42008,322],{"class":65},[14,42010,42011,42012,29],{},"If you are dealing with this exact error, see ",[294,42013,40960],{"href":40959},[41,42015,42017],{"id":42016},"float-vs-int","float() vs int()",[14,42019,10629,42020,4679,42022,42024],{},[18,42021,3186],{},[18,42023,3180],{}," convert values to numbers, but they do not behave the same way.",[14,42026,42027,42029],{},[18,42028,3186],{}," creates decimal numbers:",[46,42031,42033],{"className":48,"code":42032,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(float(\"3.9\"))\n",[18,42034,42035],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,42036,42037,42039,42041,42043,42045,42047,42050,42052],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,42038,62],{"class":61},[55,42040,66],{"class":65},[55,42042,2496],{"class":69},[55,42044,66],{"class":65},[55,42046,126],{"class":109},[55,42048,42049],{"class":129},"3.9",[55,42051,126],{"class":109},[55,42053,79],{"class":65},[14,42055,281],{},[46,42057,42059],{"className":48,"code":42058,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"3.9\n",[18,42060,42061],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,42062,42063],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,42064,42058],{"class":75},[14,42066,42067,42069],{},[18,42068,3180],{}," creates whole numbers:",[46,42071,42073],{"className":48,"code":42072,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(int(\"10\"))\n",[18,42074,42075],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,42076,42077,42079,42081,42083,42085,42087,42089,42091],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,42078,62],{"class":61},[55,42080,66],{"class":65},[55,42082,2492],{"class":69},[55,42084,66],{"class":65},[55,42086,126],{"class":109},[55,42088,376],{"class":129},[55,42090,126],{"class":109},[55,42092,79],{"class":65},[14,42094,281],{},[46,42096,42097],{"className":48,"code":2680,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,42098,42099],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,42100,42101],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,42102,2680],{"class":75},[14,42104,42105,42106,42109],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting ",[18,42107,42108],{},"int(\"3.9\")"," to work:",[46,42111,42113],{"className":48,"code":42112,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(int(\"3.9\"))\n",[18,42114,42115],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,42116,42117,42119,42121,42123,42125,42127,42129,42131],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,42118,62],{"class":61},[55,42120,66],{"class":65},[55,42122,2492],{"class":69},[55,42124,66],{"class":65},[55,42126,126],{"class":109},[55,42128,42049],{"class":129},[55,42130,126],{"class":109},[55,42132,79],{"class":65},[14,42134,3300,42135,1747,42137,42140],{},[18,42136,40768],{},[18,42138,42139],{},"\"3.9\""," is not a valid integer string.",[14,42142,10752],{},[240,42144,42145,42151],{},[243,42146,42147,42150],{},[18,42148,42149],{},"float(\"3.9\")"," works",[243,42152,42153,42155],{},[18,42154,42108],{}," fails",[14,42157,42158,42159,42162,42163,42165],{},"If you want a full comparison, see ",[294,42160,42161],{"href":3177},"Python int() Function Explained",". You may also find ",[294,42164,2723],{"href":2722}," helpful.",[41,42167,2139],{"id":2138},[889,42169,42171],{"id":42170},"what-does-float-return-in-python","What does float() return in Python?",[14,42173,42174,42175,25,42177,29],{},"It returns a floating-point number, such as ",[18,42176,2793],{},[18,42178,40207],{},[889,42180,42182],{"id":42181},"can-float-convert-a-string","Can float() convert a string?",[14,42184,42185,42186,25,42189,29],{},"Yes, if the string contains a valid number like ",[18,42187,42188],{},"\"2.5\"",[18,42190,42191],{},"\"10\"",[889,42193,42195],{"id":42194},"why-does-floatabc-fail","Why does float(\"abc\") fail?",[14,42197,29116,42198,42200,42201,29],{},[18,42199,41594],{}," is not a valid numeric string, so Python raises a ",[18,42202,40768],{},[889,42204,42206],{"id":42205},"what-does-float-with-no-argument-return","What does float() with no argument return?",[14,42208,2157,42209,29],{},[18,42210,452],{},[889,42212,42214],{"id":42213},"can-float-convert-true-and-false","Can float() convert True and False?",[14,42216,42217,42218,42220,42221,4679,42224,42220,42226,29],{},"Yes. ",[18,42219,24],{}," becomes ",[18,42222,42223],{},"1.0",[18,42225,28],{},[18,42227,452],{},[41,42229,2193],{"id":2192},[240,42231,42232,42236,42242,42247,42251,42255],{},[243,42233,42234],{},[294,42235,42161],{"href":3177},[243,42237,42238],{},[294,42239,42241],{"href":42240},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained\u002F","Python str() Function Explained",[243,42243,42244],{},[294,42245,42246],{"href":40955},"How to convert a string to float in Python",[243,42248,42249],{},[294,42250,2219],{"href":2134},[243,42252,42253],{},[294,42254,40960],{"href":40959},[243,42256,42257],{},[294,42258,42259],{"href":1356},"Python input() Function Explained",[2226,42261,42262],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki 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.default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":42264},[42265,42266,42267,42268,42275,42280,42281,42288,42293,42300,42301,42308],{"id":2307,"depth":82,"text":2308},{"id":40254,"depth":82,"text":40255},{"id":2459,"depth":82,"text":2460},{"id":40479,"depth":82,"text":40480,"children":42269},[42270,42271,42272,42273,42274],{"id":40488,"depth":98,"text":40489},{"id":40552,"depth":98,"text":40553},{"id":40616,"depth":98,"text":40617},{"id":40658,"depth":98,"text":40659},{"id":40713,"depth":98,"text":40714},{"id":40752,"depth":82,"text":40753,"children":42276},[42277,42278,42279],{"id":40761,"depth":98,"text":40762},{"id":40847,"depth":98,"text":40848},{"id":40917,"depth":98,"text":40918},{"id":17467,"depth":82,"text":17468},{"id":41109,"depth":82,"text":41110,"children":42282},[42283,42285,42286,42287],{"id":41113,"depth":98,"text":42284},"Convert input() text into a decimal number",{"id":41206,"depth":98,"text":41207},{"id":41292,"depth":98,"text":41293},{"id":41354,"depth":98,"text":41355},{"id":41414,"depth":82,"text":41415,"children":42289},[42290,42291,42292],{"id":41423,"depth":98,"text":41424},{"id":41462,"depth":98,"text":41463},{"id":41503,"depth":98,"text":41504},{"id":41568,"depth":82,"text":41569,"children":42294},[42295,42296,42297,42298,42299],{"id":41578,"depth":98,"text":40768},{"id":41644,"depth":98,"text":3303},{"id":41711,"depth":98,"text":41712},{"id":41785,"depth":98,"text":41786},{"id":41912,"depth":98,"text":41913},{"id":42016,"depth":82,"text":42017},{"id":2138,"depth":82,"text":2139,"children":42302},[42303,42304,42305,42306,42307],{"id":42170,"depth":98,"text":42171},{"id":42181,"depth":98,"text":42182},{"id":42194,"depth":98,"text":42195},{"id":42205,"depth":98,"text":42206},{"id":42213,"depth":98,"text":42214},{"id":2192,"depth":82,"text":2193},"Master python float function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained",{"title":40155,"description":42309},"reference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained","QDhcZeHPZNHjvzUBG1y5YosAc2zbXVrHayPblHEmejE",{"id":42316,"title":42317,"body":42318,"description":43539,"extension":2267,"meta":43540,"navigation":1121,"path":35083,"seo":43541,"stem":43542,"__hash__":43543},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained.md","Python help() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":42319,"toc":43505},[42320,42323,42328,42331,42333,42372,42386,42390,42395,42398,42415,42418,42428,42443,42446,42448,42451,42467,42470,42473,42493,42497,42508,42511,42515,42519,42533,42568,42572,42583,42618,42621,42623,42631,42664,42680,42682,42692,42713,42724,42726,42731,42734,42748,42750,42769,42772,42785,42788,42792,42796,42810,42813,42831,42834,42849,42853,42858,42872,42878,42880,42937,42939,42972,42975,42991,42995,43002,43006,43011,43014,43025,43029,43034,43049,43058,43063,43082,43085,43097,43099,43104,43114,43117,43146,43151,43160,43164,43169,43172,43176,43181,43183,43213,43216,43223,43228,43233,43237,43240,43248,43251,43329,43332,43354,43356,43360,43363,43367,43373,43436,43440,43448,43452,43455,43457,43482,43502],[10,42321,42317],{"id":42322},"python-help-function-explained",[14,42324,3878,42325,42327],{},[18,42326,35086],{}," function shows built-in documentation inside Python.",[14,42329,42330],{},"It is useful when you want to quickly inspect a function, class, method, or module without leaving the Python shell. For beginners, it is a simple way to check what something does, what arguments it accepts, and how it is meant to be used.",[41,42332,2308],{"id":2307},[46,42334,42336],{"className":48,"code":42335,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"help(len)\nhelp(str)\nhelp('modules')\n",[18,42337,42338,42348,42358],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,42339,42340,42342,42344,42346],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,42341,32209],{"class":61},[55,42343,66],{"class":65},[55,42345,11202],{"class":61},[55,42347,322],{"class":65},[55,42349,42350,42352,42354,42356],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,42351,32209],{"class":61},[55,42353,66],{"class":65},[55,42355,3738],{"class":69},[55,42357,322],{"class":65},[55,42359,42360,42362,42364,42366,42368,42370],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,42361,32209],{"class":61},[55,42363,66],{"class":65},[55,42365,1923],{"class":109},[55,42367,34717],{"class":129},[55,42369,1923],{"class":109},[55,42371,322],{"class":65},[14,42373,212,42374,42376,42377,25,42379,42381,42382,42385],{},[18,42375,35086],{}," to view built-in documentation in the Python shell. Pass an object like ",[18,42378,11202],{},[18,42380,3738],{},", or use a string such as ",[18,42383,42384],{},"'modules'"," for special interactive help topics.",[41,42387,42389],{"id":42388},"what-help-does","What help() does",[14,42391,42392,42394],{},[18,42393,35086],{}," displays Python’s built-in documentation.",[14,42396,42397],{},"You can use it to inspect:",[240,42399,42400,42403,42406,42409,42412],{},[243,42401,42402],{},"Functions",[243,42404,42405],{},"Classes",[243,42407,42408],{},"Methods",[243,42410,42411],{},"Modules",[243,42413,42414],{},"Some Python keywords and help topics",[14,42416,42417],{},"It is most useful in the Python shell, IDLE, or another interactive environment.",[14,42419,42420,42421,42427],{},"For example, if you forget how ",[294,42422,42424],{"href":42423},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained\u002F",[18,42425,42426],{},"len()"," works, you can ask Python directly:",[46,42429,42431],{"className":48,"code":42430,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"help(len)\n",[18,42432,42433],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,42434,42435,42437,42439,42441],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,42436,32209],{"class":61},[55,42438,66],{"class":65},[55,42440,11202],{"class":61},[55,42442,322],{"class":65},[14,42444,42445],{},"This is helpful when you are learning because you can explore Python while you code.",[41,42447,2460],{"id":2459},[14,42449,42450],{},"The main form is:",[46,42452,42454],{"className":48,"code":42453,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"help(object)\n",[18,42455,42456],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,42457,42458,42460,42462,42465],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,42459,32209],{"class":61},[55,42461,66],{"class":65},[55,42463,42464],{"class":69},"object",[55,42466,322],{"class":65},[14,42468,42469],{},"You pass in the thing you want to learn about.",[14,42471,42472],{},"Common examples include:",[240,42474,42475,42479,42484,42488],{},[243,42476,42477],{},[18,42478,11202],{},[243,42480,42481],{},[18,42482,42483],{},"list.append",[243,42485,42486],{},[18,42487,3738],{},[243,42489,42490],{},[18,42491,42492],{},"open",[14,42494,259,42495,262],{},[18,42496,35086],{},[46,42498,42500],{"className":48,"code":42499,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"help()\n",[18,42501,42502],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,42503,42504,42506],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,42505,32209],{"class":61},[55,42507,1789],{"class":65},[14,42509,42510],{},"This opens interactive help mode, where you can type help topics and search for information from inside Python.",[41,42512,42514],{"id":42513},"common-things-you-can-inspect","Common things you can inspect",[889,42516,42518],{"id":42517},"built-in-functions","Built-in functions",[14,42520,42521,42522,2493,42524,2493,42526,17121,42529,29],{},"You can inspect built-in functions such as ",[18,42523,11202],{},[18,42525,62],{},[18,42527,42528],{},"input",[294,42530,42531],{"href":1581},[18,42532,2606],{},[46,42534,42536],{"className":48,"code":42535,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"help(print)\nhelp(input)\nhelp(type)\n",[18,42537,42538,42548,42558],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,42539,42540,42542,42544,42546],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,42541,32209],{"class":61},[55,42543,66],{"class":65},[55,42545,62],{"class":61},[55,42547,322],{"class":65},[55,42549,42550,42552,42554,42556],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,42551,32209],{"class":61},[55,42553,66],{"class":65},[55,42555,42528],{"class":61},[55,42557,322],{"class":65},[55,42559,42560,42562,42564,42566],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,42561,32209],{"class":61},[55,42563,66],{"class":65},[55,42565,1879],{"class":69},[55,42567,322],{"class":65},[889,42569,42571],{"id":42570},"data-types","Data types",[14,42573,42574,42575,2493,42577,2493,42579,17121,42581,29],{},"You can inspect types such as ",[18,42576,3738],{},[18,42578,1229],{},[18,42580,1975],{},[18,42582,576],{},[46,42584,42586],{"className":48,"code":42585,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"help(str)\nhelp(list)\nhelp(dict)\n",[18,42587,42588,42598,42608],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,42589,42590,42592,42594,42596],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,42591,32209],{"class":61},[55,42593,66],{"class":65},[55,42595,3738],{"class":69},[55,42597,322],{"class":65},[55,42599,42600,42602,42604,42606],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,42601,32209],{"class":61},[55,42603,66],{"class":65},[55,42605,1229],{"class":69},[55,42607,322],{"class":65},[55,42609,42610,42612,42614,42616],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,42611,32209],{"class":61},[55,42613,66],{"class":65},[55,42615,1975],{"class":69},[55,42617,322],{"class":65},[14,42619,42620],{},"This is useful when you want to see available methods and basic behavior for a type.",[889,42622,42408],{"id":34564},[14,42624,42625,42626,4679,42629,29],{},"You can inspect methods such as ",[18,42627,42628],{},"str.split",[18,42630,42483],{},[46,42632,42634],{"className":48,"code":42633,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"help(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\n",[18,42635,42636,42650],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,42637,42638,42640,42642,42644,42646,42648],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,42639,32209],{"class":61},[55,42641,66],{"class":65},[55,42643,3738],{"class":69},[55,42645,29],{"class":65},[55,42647,34527],{"class":24803},[55,42649,322],{"class":65},[55,42651,42652,42654,42656,42658,42660,42662],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,42653,32209],{"class":61},[55,42655,66],{"class":65},[55,42657,1229],{"class":69},[55,42659,29],{"class":65},[55,42661,13599],{"class":24803},[55,42663,322],{"class":65},[14,42665,42666,42667,1851,42669,28368,42674,42676,42677,42679],{},"If you are not sure what methods a type has, compare ",[18,42668,35086],{},[294,42670,42672],{"href":42671},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained\u002F",[18,42673,34369],{},[18,42675,34369],{}," shows available names, while ",[18,42678,35086],{}," explains one of them.",[889,42681,42411],{"id":34717},[14,42683,42684,42685,2493,42687,17121,42689,29],{},"You can inspect modules such as ",[18,42686,18467],{},[18,42688,35249],{},[18,42690,42691],{},"os",[46,42693,42695],{"className":48,"code":42694,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"import math\nhelp(math)\n",[18,42696,42697,42703],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,42698,42699,42701],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,42700,35150],{"class":1193},[55,42702,35153],{"class":902},[55,42704,42705,42707,42709,42711],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,42706,32209],{"class":61},[55,42708,66],{"class":65},[55,42710,18467],{"class":318},[55,42712,322],{"class":65},[14,42714,42715,42716,42720,42721,29],{},"If you are still learning imports, see ",[294,42717,42719],{"href":42718},"\u002Flearn\u002Fhow-import-works-in-python\u002F","how import works in Python",". For a beginner-friendly module example, see the ",[294,42722,35216],{"href":42723},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview\u002F",[41,42725,34977],{"id":34976},[14,42727,42728,42730],{},[18,42729,35086],{}," output can look long at first. Do not try to read everything.",[14,42732,42733],{},"Focus on these parts first:",[240,42735,42736,42739,42742,42745],{},[243,42737,42738],{},"The function signature",[243,42740,42741],{},"The short description",[243,42743,42744],{},"Parameter names",[243,42746,42747],{},"Return value details, when shown",[14,42749,5756],{},[46,42751,42753],{"className":48,"code":42752,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"help(str.split)\n",[18,42754,42755],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,42756,42757,42759,42761,42763,42765,42767],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,42758,32209],{"class":61},[55,42760,66],{"class":65},[55,42762,3738],{"class":69},[55,42764,29],{"class":65},[55,42766,34527],{"class":24803},[55,42768,322],{"class":65},[14,42770,42771],{},"When you read the output, look for:",[240,42773,42774,42777,42780,42782],{},[243,42775,42776],{},"What object this is",[243,42778,42779],{},"What arguments it accepts",[243,42781,22022],{},[243,42783,42784],{},"Short notes about how it behaves",[14,42786,42787],{},"A good beginner habit is to read the first few useful lines, then test the function yourself with a small example.",[41,42789,42791],{"id":42790},"when-help-is-useful","When help() is useful",[14,42793,42794,29929],{},[18,42795,35086],{},[240,42797,42798,42801,42804,42807],{},[243,42799,42800],{},"You forget how a built-in function works",[243,42802,42803],{},"You want to check method names on a type",[243,42805,42806],{},"You are exploring a new module",[243,42808,42809],{},"You want quick documentation while coding",[14,42811,42812],{},"For example, if you remember that strings have a method for splitting text but forget the exact details, you can run:",[46,42814,42815],{"className":48,"code":42752,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,42816,42817],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,42818,42819,42821,42823,42825,42827,42829],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,42820,32209],{"class":61},[55,42822,66],{"class":65},[55,42824,3738],{"class":69},[55,42826,29],{"class":65},[55,42828,34527],{"class":24803},[55,42830,322],{"class":65},[14,42832,42833],{},"If you want to inspect file handling, you can also check:",[46,42835,42837],{"className":48,"code":42836,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"help(open)\n",[18,42838,42839],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,42840,42841,42843,42845,42847],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,42842,32209],{"class":61},[55,42844,66],{"class":65},[55,42846,42492],{"class":61},[55,42848,322],{"class":65},[41,42850,42852],{"id":42851},"limits-of-help","Limits of help()",[14,42854,42855,42857],{},[18,42856,35086],{}," is useful, but it has limits.",[240,42859,42860,42863,42866,42869],{},[243,42861,42862],{},"The output can feel dense for beginners",[243,42864,42865],{},"Some third-party libraries may have unclear or incomplete help text",[243,42867,42868],{},"It does not replace simple examples",[243,42870,42871],{},"It works best when combined with small practice programs",[14,42873,42874,42875,42877],{},"So, ",[18,42876,35086],{}," is great for quick checking, but you will usually learn faster if you also test what you read in short code examples.",[14,42879,5756],{},[46,42881,42883],{"className":48,"code":42882,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"a,b,c\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[18,42884,42885,42898,42922,42926],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,42886,42887,42889,42891,42893,42896],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,42888,34746],{"class":902},[55,42890,906],{"class":703},[55,42892,793],{"class":109},[55,42894,42895],{"class":129},"a,b,c",[55,42897,1052],{"class":109},[55,42899,42900,42903,42905,42908,42910,42912,42914,42916,42918,42920],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,42901,42902],{"class":902},"parts ",[55,42904,906],{"class":703},[55,42906,42907],{"class":902}," text",[55,42909,29],{"class":65},[55,42911,34527],{"class":318},[55,42913,66],{"class":65},[55,42915,126],{"class":109},[55,42917,163],{"class":129},[55,42919,126],{"class":109},[55,42921,322],{"class":65},[55,42923,42924],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,42925,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,42927,42928,42930,42932,42935],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,42929,62],{"class":61},[55,42931,66],{"class":65},[55,42933,42934],{"class":318},"parts",[55,42936,322],{"class":65},[14,42938,177],{},[46,42940,42942],{"className":48,"code":42941,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[18,42943,42944],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,42945,42946,42948,42950,42952,42954,42956,42958,42960,42962,42964,42966,42968,42970],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,42947,4186],{"class":65},[55,42949,1923],{"class":109},[55,42951,294],{"class":129},[55,42953,1923],{"class":109},[55,42955,163],{"class":65},[55,42957,1918],{"class":109},[55,42959,5046],{"class":129},[55,42961,1923],{"class":109},[55,42963,163],{"class":65},[55,42965,1918],{"class":109},[55,42967,9777],{"class":129},[55,42969,1923],{"class":109},[55,42971,924],{"class":65},[14,42973,42974],{},"A good workflow is:",[28768,42976,42977,42982,42985,42988],{},[243,42978,212,42979,42981],{},[18,42980,35086],{}," to inspect something",[243,42983,42984],{},"Write a tiny example",[243,42986,42987],{},"Check the result",[243,42989,42990],{},"Repeat",[41,42992,42994],{"id":42993},"difference-between-help-and-dir","Difference between help() and dir()",[14,42996,42997,4679,42999,43001],{},[18,42998,35086],{},[18,43000,34369],{}," are often used together, but they do different jobs.",[889,43003,43004],{"id":32209},[18,43005,35086],{},[14,43007,212,43008,43010],{},[18,43009,35086],{}," when you want an explanation.",[14,43012,43013],{},"It tells you:",[240,43015,43016,43019,43022],{},[243,43017,43018],{},"What something is",[243,43020,43021],{},"How to use it",[243,43023,43024],{},"What parameters it accepts",[889,43026,43027],{"id":34430},[18,43028,34369],{},[14,43030,212,43031,43033],{},[18,43032,34369],{}," when you want a list of available names or attributes.",[46,43035,43037],{"className":48,"code":43036,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"dir(str)\n",[18,43038,43039],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,43040,43041,43043,43045,43047],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,43042,34430],{"class":61},[55,43044,66],{"class":65},[55,43046,3738],{"class":69},[55,43048,322],{"class":65},[14,43050,43051,43052,2493,43054,17121,43056,29],{},"This shows many string methods, such as ",[18,43053,34527],{},[18,43055,1780],{},[18,43057,1786],{},[14,43059,43060,43061,790],{},"Then you can inspect one of them with ",[18,43062,35086],{},[46,43064,43066],{"className":48,"code":43065,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"help(str.lower)\n",[18,43067,43068],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,43069,43070,43072,43074,43076,43078,43080],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,43071,32209],{"class":61},[55,43073,66],{"class":65},[55,43075,3738],{"class":69},[55,43077,29],{"class":65},[55,43079,1786],{"class":24803},[55,43081,322],{"class":65},[14,43083,43084],{},"A simple way to remember the difference:",[240,43086,43087,43092],{},[243,43088,212,43089,43091],{},[18,43090,34369],{}," to discover options",[243,43093,212,43094,43096],{},[18,43095,35086],{}," to understand one option",[41,43098,1586],{"id":1585},[14,43100,43101,43102,29],{},"Beginners often run into these small problems when using ",[18,43103,35086],{},[889,43105,1556,43107,43110,43111],{"id":43106},"using-helplen-when-you-meant-helplen",[18,43108,43109],{},"help('len')"," when you meant ",[18,43112,43113],{},"help(len)",[14,43115,43116],{},"These are not always the same.",[46,43118,43120],{"className":48,"code":43119,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"help(len)\nhelp('len')\n",[18,43121,43122,43132],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,43123,43124,43126,43128,43130],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,43125,32209],{"class":61},[55,43127,66],{"class":65},[55,43129,11202],{"class":61},[55,43131,322],{"class":65},[55,43133,43134,43136,43138,43140,43142,43144],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,43135,32209],{"class":61},[55,43137,66],{"class":65},[55,43139,1923],{"class":109},[55,43141,11202],{"class":129},[55,43143,1923],{"class":109},[55,43145,322],{"class":65},[14,43147,43148,43150],{},[18,43149,43113],{}," asks for help on the actual function object.",[14,43152,43153,43155,43156,43159],{},[18,43154,43109],{}," treats ",[18,43157,43158],{},"'len'"," as a help topic string. That can work differently, so when you want to inspect a real function, use the function name without quotes.",[889,43161,43163],{"id":43162},"expecting-short-example-based-output","Expecting short, example-based output",[14,43165,43166,43168],{},[18,43167,35086],{}," is documentation, not a tutorial.",[14,43170,43171],{},"The text may be longer and more technical than you expect. Start with the first lines, then test the function yourself.",[889,43173,43175],{"id":43174},"running-help-in-a-script-and-not-noticing-where-output-goes","Running help() in a script and not noticing where output goes",[14,43177,40407,43178,43180],{},[18,43179,35086],{}," in a normal Python script, the documentation text is printed to the terminal or console.",[14,43182,358],{},[46,43184,43186],{"className":48,"code":43185,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"help(len)\nprint(\"Done\")\n",[18,43187,43188,43198],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,43189,43190,43192,43194,43196],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,43191,32209],{"class":61},[55,43193,66],{"class":65},[55,43195,11202],{"class":61},[55,43197,322],{"class":65},[55,43199,43200,43202,43204,43206,43209,43211],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,43201,62],{"class":61},[55,43203,66],{"class":65},[55,43205,126],{"class":109},[55,43207,43208],{"class":129},"Done",[55,43210,126],{"class":109},[55,43212,322],{"class":65},[14,43214,43215],{},"You may not see a neat interactive display like you do in the Python shell.",[889,43217,37266,43219,1851,43221],{"id":43218},"confusing-help-with-dir",[18,43220,35086],{},[18,43222,34369],{},[14,43224,43225,43226,29],{},"If you want a list of methods, use ",[18,43227,34369],{},[14,43229,43230,43231,29],{},"If you want an explanation of one method, use ",[18,43232,35086],{},[41,43234,43236],{"id":43235},"useful-commands-to-try","Useful commands to try",[14,43238,43239],{},"Open Python:",[46,43241,43242],{"className":48,"code":35602,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,43243,43244],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,43245,43246],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,43247,35602],{"class":902},[14,43249,43250],{},"Then test these commands:",[46,43252,43254],{"className":48,"code":43253,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"help(len)\nhelp(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\nhelp(open)\nhelp('keywords')\ndir(str)\n",[18,43255,43256,43266,43280,43294,43304,43319],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,43257,43258,43260,43262,43264],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,43259,32209],{"class":61},[55,43261,66],{"class":65},[55,43263,11202],{"class":61},[55,43265,322],{"class":65},[55,43267,43268,43270,43272,43274,43276,43278],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,43269,32209],{"class":61},[55,43271,66],{"class":65},[55,43273,3738],{"class":69},[55,43275,29],{"class":65},[55,43277,34527],{"class":24803},[55,43279,322],{"class":65},[55,43281,43282,43284,43286,43288,43290,43292],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,43283,32209],{"class":61},[55,43285,66],{"class":65},[55,43287,1229],{"class":69},[55,43289,29],{"class":65},[55,43291,13599],{"class":24803},[55,43293,322],{"class":65},[55,43295,43296,43298,43300,43302],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,43297,32209],{"class":61},[55,43299,66],{"class":65},[55,43301,42492],{"class":61},[55,43303,322],{"class":65},[55,43305,43306,43308,43310,43312,43315,43317],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,43307,32209],{"class":61},[55,43309,66],{"class":65},[55,43311,1923],{"class":109},[55,43313,43314],{"class":129},"keywords",[55,43316,1923],{"class":109},[55,43318,322],{"class":65},[55,43320,43321,43323,43325,43327],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,43322,34430],{"class":61},[55,43324,66],{"class":65},[55,43326,3738],{"class":69},[55,43328,322],{"class":65},[14,43330,43331],{},"These are good starting points because they show different kinds of objects:",[240,43333,43334,43337,43340,43343,43346,43349],{},[243,43335,43336],{},"A built-in function",[243,43338,43339],{},"A string method",[243,43341,43342],{},"A list method",[243,43344,43345],{},"A built-in file function",[243,43347,43348],{},"A special help topic",[243,43350,15236,43351,43353],{},[18,43352,34369],{}," example for comparison",[41,43355,2139],{"id":2138},[889,43357,43359],{"id":43358},"what-does-help-return-in-python","What does help() return in Python?",[14,43361,43362],{},"It mainly prints documentation text to the screen. It is used for inspection, not for producing a useful return value in normal beginner code.",[889,43364,43366],{"id":43365},"can-i-use-help-on-my-own-functions","Can I use help() on my own functions?",[14,43368,43369,43370,43372],{},"Yes. You can pass your own function to ",[18,43371,35086],{}," to see its name, parameters, and docstring if it has one.",[46,43374,43376],{"className":48,"code":43375,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"def greet(name):\n    \"\"\"Return a friendly greeting.\"\"\"\n    return f\"Hello, {name}!\"\n\nhelp(greet)\n",[18,43377,43378,43390,43403,43422,43426],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,43379,43380,43382,43384,43386,43388],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,43381,34910],{"class":1914},[55,43383,34914],{"class":34913},[55,43385,66],{"class":65},[55,43387,785],{"class":37725},[55,43389,1480],{"class":65},[55,43391,43392,43396,43400],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,43393,43395],{"class":43394},"s2W-s","    \"\"\"",[55,43397,43399],{"class":43398},"sithA","Return a friendly greeting.",[55,43401,43402],{"class":43394},"\"\"\"\n",[55,43404,43405,43407,43410,43413,43415,43417,43419],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,43406,34921],{"class":1193},[55,43408,43409],{"class":1914}," f",[55,43411,43412],{"class":129},"\"Hello, ",[55,43414,9315],{"class":75},[55,43416,785],{"class":902},[55,43418,22355],{"class":75},[55,43420,43421],{"class":129},"!\"\n",[55,43423,43424],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,43425,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,43427,43428,43430,43432,43434],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,43429,32209],{"class":61},[55,43431,66],{"class":65},[55,43433,34956],{"class":318},[55,43435,322],{"class":65},[889,43437,43439],{"id":43438},"what-is-the-difference-between-helplen-and-helplen","What is the difference between help(len) and help('len')?",[14,43441,43442,43444,43445,43447],{},[18,43443,43113],{}," asks for documentation for the actual function object. ",[18,43446,43109],{}," treats the value as a help topic string, which is a different lookup style.",[889,43449,43451],{"id":43450},"why-is-help-useful-for-beginners","Why is help() useful for beginners?",[14,43453,43454],{},"It gives quick built-in documentation inside Python, so you can check how something works without searching elsewhere first.",[41,43456,2193],{"id":2192},[240,43458,43459,43464,43468,43473,43478],{},[243,43460,43461],{},[294,43462,43463],{"href":42671},"Python dir() function explained",[243,43465,43466],{},[294,43467,1582],{"href":1581},[243,43469,43470],{},[294,43471,43472],{"href":42423},"Python len() function explained",[243,43474,43475],{},[294,43476,43477],{"href":42718},"How import works in Python",[243,43479,43480],{},[294,43481,35216],{"href":42723},[14,43483,43484,43485,43487,43488,2493,43490,17121,43492,43494,43495,25,43498,43501],{},"Try ",[18,43486,35086],{}," on three built-in functions you already know, such as ",[18,43489,11202],{},[18,43491,62],{},[18,43493,42528],{},". Then compare what you learn with ",[18,43496,43497],{},"dir(str)",[18,43499,43500],{},"dir(list)"," to build confidence exploring Python on your own.",[2226,43503,43504],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":43506},[43507,43508,43509,43510,43516,43517,43518,43519,43523,43531,43532,43538],{"id":2307,"depth":82,"text":2308},{"id":42388,"depth":82,"text":42389},{"id":2459,"depth":82,"text":2460},{"id":42513,"depth":82,"text":42514,"children":43511},[43512,43513,43514,43515],{"id":42517,"depth":98,"text":42518},{"id":42570,"depth":98,"text":42571},{"id":34564,"depth":98,"text":42408},{"id":34717,"depth":98,"text":42411},{"id":34976,"depth":82,"text":34977},{"id":42790,"depth":82,"text":42791},{"id":42851,"depth":82,"text":42852},{"id":42993,"depth":82,"text":42994,"children":43520},[43521,43522],{"id":32209,"depth":98,"text":35086},{"id":34430,"depth":98,"text":34369},{"id":1585,"depth":82,"text":1586,"children":43524},[43525,43527,43528,43529],{"id":43106,"depth":98,"text":43526},"Using help('len') when you meant help(len)",{"id":43162,"depth":98,"text":43163},{"id":43174,"depth":98,"text":43175},{"id":43218,"depth":98,"text":43530},"Confusing help() with dir()",{"id":43235,"depth":82,"text":43236},{"id":2138,"depth":82,"text":2139,"children":43533},[43534,43535,43536,43537],{"id":43358,"depth":98,"text":43359},{"id":43365,"depth":98,"text":43366},{"id":43438,"depth":98,"text":43439},{"id":43450,"depth":98,"text":43451},{"id":2192,"depth":82,"text":2193},"Master python help function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":42317,"description":43539},"reference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained","Vhkt5jzLBPMaA5aqAyYPSa-k-XAlASN-1vUAx7Hvu5k",{"id":43545,"title":43546,"body":43547,"description":44909,"extension":2267,"meta":44910,"navigation":1121,"path":44911,"seo":44912,"stem":44913,"__hash__":44914},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained.md","Python id() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":43548,"toc":44882},[43549,43555,43560,43566,43576,43635,43645,43656,43661,43667,43669,43687,43695,43697,43699,43714,43717,43728,43730,43821,43824,43828,43833,43854,43856,43967,43969,43996,44007,44011,44014,44097,44099,44107,44113,44119,44123,44126,44236,44238,44251,44254,44268,44276,44283,44288,44302,44308,44421,44423,44484,44487,44493,44499,44502,44524,44527,44597,44600,44632,44639,44641,44644,44662,44665,44677,44683,44685,44690,44716,44719,44791,44793,44799,44802,44808,44811,44817,44827,44833,44836,44843,44846,44848,44879],[10,43550,3871,43552,3875],{"id":43551},"python-id-function-explained",[18,43553,43554],{},"id()",[14,43556,32374,43557,43559],{},[18,43558,43554],{}," function returns a number that identifies an object while that object exists.",[14,43561,43562,43563,43565],{},"Beginners usually see ",[18,43564,43554],{}," when learning how variables and objects work in Python. It can help you understand whether two variables point to the same object, especially with mutable objects like lists and dictionaries.",[14,43567,212,43568,43570,43571,43573,43574,29],{},[18,43569,43554],{}," for inspection and debugging. Do ",[435,43572,4916],{}," use it to compare normal values. For value comparison, use ",[18,43575,1673],{},[46,43577,43579],{"className":48,"code":43578,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name = \"Python\"\nprint(id(name))\n\nother = name\nprint(id(other))\n",[18,43580,43581,43593,43607,43611,43621],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,43582,43583,43585,43587,43589,43591],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,43584,1004],{"class":902},[55,43586,906],{"class":703},[55,43588,793],{"class":109},[55,43590,393],{"class":129},[55,43592,1052],{"class":109},[55,43594,43595,43597,43599,43601,43603,43605],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,43596,62],{"class":61},[55,43598,66],{"class":65},[55,43600,12693],{"class":61},[55,43602,66],{"class":65},[55,43604,785],{"class":318},[55,43606,79],{"class":65},[55,43608,43609],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,43610,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,43612,43613,43616,43618],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,43614,43615],{"class":902},"other ",[55,43617,906],{"class":703},[55,43619,43620],{"class":902}," name\n",[55,43622,43623,43625,43627,43629,43631,43633],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,43624,62],{"class":61},[55,43626,66],{"class":65},[55,43628,12693],{"class":61},[55,43630,66],{"class":65},[55,43632,30799],{"class":318},[55,43634,79],{"class":65},[14,43636,43637,43638,43641,43642,43644],{},"In this example, ",[18,43639,43640],{},"other = name"," makes both variables refer to the same object, so the two ",[18,43643,43554],{}," values match.",[43646,43647,43648],"blockquote",{},[14,43649,212,43650,43652,43653,43655],{},[18,43651,43554],{}," to inspect object identity. Do not use it to check whether two values are equal. Use ",[18,43654,1673],{}," for value comparison.",[41,43657,3970,43659,3973],{"id":43658},"what-id-does",[18,43660,43554],{},[14,43662,43663,43666],{},[18,43664,43665],{},"id(obj)"," returns an integer that identifies an object during its lifetime.",[14,43668,13097],{},[240,43670,43671,43674,43681,43684],{},[243,43672,43673],{},"The returned value is unique for that object while it exists",[243,43675,43676,43677,43680],{},"It shows ",[435,43678,43679],{},"object identity",", not object value",[243,43682,43683],{},"Beginners mostly use it for learning and debugging",[243,43685,43686],{},"It is helpful when you want to see whether two names refer to the same object",[14,43688,43689,43690,43694],{},"This is closely related to how ",[294,43691,43693],{"href":43692},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-variables-explained-for-beginners","Python variables work",". A variable does not store a value in the same way a box stores an item. Instead, it refers to an object.",[41,43696,2460],{"id":2459},[14,43698,5718],{},[46,43700,43702],{"className":48,"code":43701,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"id(object)\n",[18,43703,43704],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,43705,43706,43708,43710,43712],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,43707,12693],{"class":61},[55,43709,66],{"class":65},[55,43711,42464],{"class":69},[55,43713,322],{"class":65},[14,43715,43716],{},"Important details:",[240,43718,43719,43722,43725],{},[243,43720,43721],{},"It takes one argument",[243,43723,43724],{},"It returns an integer",[243,43726,43727],{},"It works with strings, numbers, lists, dictionaries, functions, and other objects",[14,43729,358],{},[46,43731,43733],{"className":48,"code":43732,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"hello\"\nnumber = 42\nitems = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(id(text))\nprint(id(number))\nprint(id(items))\n",[18,43734,43735,43747,43755,43775,43779,43793,43807],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,43736,43737,43739,43741,43743,43745],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,43738,34746],{"class":902},[55,43740,906],{"class":703},[55,43742,793],{"class":109},[55,43744,130],{"class":129},[55,43746,1052],{"class":109},[55,43748,43749,43751,43753],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,43750,2521],{"class":902},[55,43752,906],{"class":703},[55,43754,3072],{"class":75},[55,43756,43757,43759,43761,43763,43765,43767,43769,43771,43773],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,43758,903],{"class":902},[55,43760,906],{"class":703},[55,43762,909],{"class":65},[55,43764,93],{"class":75},[55,43766,163],{"class":65},[55,43768,166],{"class":75},[55,43770,163],{"class":65},[55,43772,171],{"class":75},[55,43774,924],{"class":65},[55,43776,43777],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,43778,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,43780,43781,43783,43785,43787,43789,43791],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,43782,62],{"class":61},[55,43784,66],{"class":65},[55,43786,12693],{"class":61},[55,43788,66],{"class":65},[55,43790,34767],{"class":318},[55,43792,79],{"class":65},[55,43794,43795,43797,43799,43801,43803,43805],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,43796,62],{"class":61},[55,43798,66],{"class":65},[55,43800,12693],{"class":61},[55,43802,66],{"class":65},[55,43804,2544],{"class":318},[55,43806,79],{"class":65},[55,43808,43809,43811,43813,43815,43817,43819],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,43810,62],{"class":61},[55,43812,66],{"class":65},[55,43814,12693],{"class":61},[55,43816,66],{"class":65},[55,43818,937],{"class":318},[55,43820,79],{"class":65},[14,43822,43823],{},"Expected output will be three integers. The exact numbers will be different on your computer.",[41,43825,43827],{"id":43826},"object-identity-vs-value","Object identity vs value",[14,43829,43830,43831,29],{},"This is the most important idea behind ",[18,43832,43554],{},[240,43834,43835,43842,43849],{},[243,43836,43837,43839,43840],{},[18,43838,1673],{}," checks whether two objects have the same ",[435,43841,319],{},[243,43843,43844,43846,43847],{},[18,43845,12237],{}," checks whether two variables refer to the same ",[435,43848,42464],{},[243,43850,43851,43853],{},[18,43852,43554],{}," lets you inspect that identity as an integer",[14,43855,358],{},[46,43857,43859],{"className":48,"code":43858,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(a == b)   # True\nprint(a is b)   # False\nprint(id(a))\nprint(id(b))\n",[18,43860,43861,43881,43901,43905,43922,43939,43953],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,43862,43863,43865,43867,43869,43871,43873,43875,43877,43879],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,43864,2857],{"class":902},[55,43866,906],{"class":703},[55,43868,909],{"class":65},[55,43870,93],{"class":75},[55,43872,163],{"class":65},[55,43874,166],{"class":75},[55,43876,163],{"class":65},[55,43878,171],{"class":75},[55,43880,924],{"class":65},[55,43882,43883,43885,43887,43889,43891,43893,43895,43897,43899],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,43884,2885],{"class":902},[55,43886,906],{"class":703},[55,43888,909],{"class":65},[55,43890,93],{"class":75},[55,43892,163],{"class":65},[55,43894,166],{"class":75},[55,43896,163],{"class":65},[55,43898,171],{"class":75},[55,43900,924],{"class":65},[55,43902,43903],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,43904,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,43906,43907,43909,43911,43913,43915,43917,43919],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,43908,62],{"class":61},[55,43910,66],{"class":65},[55,43912,2857],{"class":318},[55,43914,1673],{"class":703},[55,43916,2862],{"class":318},[55,43918,3953],{"class":65},[55,43920,43921],{"class":3956},"   # True\n",[55,43923,43924,43926,43928,43930,43932,43934,43936],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,43925,62],{"class":61},[55,43927,66],{"class":65},[55,43929,2857],{"class":318},[55,43931,12237],{"class":1193},[55,43933,2862],{"class":318},[55,43935,3953],{"class":65},[55,43937,43938],{"class":3956},"   # False\n",[55,43940,43941,43943,43945,43947,43949,43951],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,43942,62],{"class":61},[55,43944,66],{"class":65},[55,43946,12693],{"class":61},[55,43948,66],{"class":65},[55,43950,294],{"class":318},[55,43952,79],{"class":65},[55,43954,43955,43957,43959,43961,43963,43965],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,43956,62],{"class":61},[55,43958,66],{"class":65},[55,43960,12693],{"class":61},[55,43962,66],{"class":65},[55,43964,5046],{"class":318},[55,43966,79],{"class":65},[14,43968,2482],{},[240,43970,43971,43979,43987],{},[243,43972,43973,5069,43976,43978],{},[18,43974,43975],{},"a == b",[18,43977,24],{}," because both lists contain the same values",[243,43980,43981,5069,43984,43986],{},[18,43982,43983],{},"a is b",[18,43985,28],{}," because they are different list objects",[243,43988,43989,4679,43992,43995],{},[18,43990,43991],{},"id(a)",[18,43993,43994],{},"id(b)"," are usually different",[14,43997,43998,43999,4679,44003,29],{},"If this topic feels confusing, it helps to read about ",[294,44000,44002],{"href":44001},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types","mutability in Python",[294,44004,44006],{"href":44005},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview","Python data types",[41,44008,44010],{"id":44009},"simple-example-with-shared-references","Simple example with shared references",[14,44012,44013],{},"When you assign one variable to another, both names can refer to the same object.",[46,44015,44017],{"className":48,"code":44016,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nother_numbers = numbers\n\nprint(id(numbers))\nprint(id(other_numbers))\nprint(numbers is other_numbers)\n",[18,44018,44019,44039,44049,44053,44067,44082],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,44020,44021,44023,44025,44027,44029,44031,44033,44035,44037],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,44022,1168],{"class":902},[55,44024,906],{"class":703},[55,44026,909],{"class":65},[55,44028,376],{"class":75},[55,44030,163],{"class":65},[55,44032,916],{"class":75},[55,44034,163],{"class":65},[55,44036,921],{"class":75},[55,44038,924],{"class":65},[55,44040,44041,44044,44046],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,44042,44043],{"class":902},"other_numbers ",[55,44045,906],{"class":703},[55,44047,44048],{"class":902}," numbers\n",[55,44050,44051],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,44052,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,44054,44055,44057,44059,44061,44063,44065],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,44056,62],{"class":61},[55,44058,66],{"class":65},[55,44060,12693],{"class":61},[55,44062,66],{"class":65},[55,44064,332],{"class":318},[55,44066,79],{"class":65},[55,44068,44069,44071,44073,44075,44077,44080],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,44070,62],{"class":61},[55,44072,66],{"class":65},[55,44074,12693],{"class":61},[55,44076,66],{"class":65},[55,44078,44079],{"class":318},"other_numbers",[55,44081,79],{"class":65},[55,44083,44084,44086,44088,44090,44092,44095],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,44085,62],{"class":61},[55,44087,66],{"class":65},[55,44089,1168],{"class":318},[55,44091,12237],{"class":1193},[55,44093,44094],{"class":318}," other_numbers",[55,44096,322],{"class":65},[14,44098,177],{},[46,44100,44101],{"className":48,"code":193,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,44102,44103],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,44104,44105],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,44106,193],{"class":187},[14,44108,44109,44110,44112],{},"The two ",[18,44111,43554],{}," values will also match.",[14,44114,22241,44115,44118],{},[18,44116,44117],{},"other_numbers = numbers"," does not create a new list. It creates a second reference to the same list.",[41,44120,44122],{"id":44121},"example-with-separate-objects","Example with separate objects",[14,44124,44125],{},"Now compare that with two separate lists that contain the same values.",[46,44127,44129],{"className":48,"code":44128,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"list_a = [1, 2, 3]\nlist_b = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(list_a == list_b)\nprint(list_a is list_b)\nprint(id(list_a))\nprint(id(list_b))\n",[18,44130,44131,44152,44173,44177,44192,44206,44221],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,44132,44133,44136,44138,44140,44142,44144,44146,44148,44150],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,44134,44135],{"class":902},"list_a ",[55,44137,906],{"class":703},[55,44139,909],{"class":65},[55,44141,93],{"class":75},[55,44143,163],{"class":65},[55,44145,166],{"class":75},[55,44147,163],{"class":65},[55,44149,171],{"class":75},[55,44151,924],{"class":65},[55,44153,44154,44157,44159,44161,44163,44165,44167,44169,44171],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,44155,44156],{"class":902},"list_b ",[55,44158,906],{"class":703},[55,44160,909],{"class":65},[55,44162,93],{"class":75},[55,44164,163],{"class":65},[55,44166,166],{"class":75},[55,44168,163],{"class":65},[55,44170,171],{"class":75},[55,44172,924],{"class":65},[55,44174,44175],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,44176,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,44178,44179,44181,44183,44185,44187,44190],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,44180,62],{"class":61},[55,44182,66],{"class":65},[55,44184,44135],{"class":318},[55,44186,1673],{"class":703},[55,44188,44189],{"class":318}," list_b",[55,44191,322],{"class":65},[55,44193,44194,44196,44198,44200,44202,44204],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,44195,62],{"class":61},[55,44197,66],{"class":65},[55,44199,44135],{"class":318},[55,44201,12237],{"class":1193},[55,44203,44189],{"class":318},[55,44205,322],{"class":65},[55,44207,44208,44210,44212,44214,44216,44219],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,44209,62],{"class":61},[55,44211,66],{"class":65},[55,44213,12693],{"class":61},[55,44215,66],{"class":65},[55,44217,44218],{"class":318},"list_a",[55,44220,79],{"class":65},[55,44222,44223,44225,44227,44229,44231,44234],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,44224,62],{"class":61},[55,44226,66],{"class":65},[55,44228,12693],{"class":61},[55,44230,66],{"class":65},[55,44232,44233],{"class":318},"list_b",[55,44235,79],{"class":65},[14,44237,177],{},[46,44239,44241],{"className":48,"code":44240,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"True\nFalse\n",[18,44242,44243,44247],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,44244,44245],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,44246,193],{"class":187},[55,44248,44249],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,44250,188],{"class":187},[14,44252,44253],{},"What this means:",[240,44255,44256,44259,44262],{},[243,44257,44258],{},"The lists are equal in value",[243,44260,44261],{},"They are not the same object",[243,44263,44264,44265,44267],{},"Their ",[18,44266,43554],{}," values are usually different",[14,44269,44270,44271,44273,44274,29],{},"This is why ",[18,44272,43554],{}," should not replace ",[18,44275,1673],{},[41,44277,44279,44280,44282],{"id":44278},"when-id-is-useful","When ",[18,44281,43554],{}," is useful",[14,44284,44285,44287],{},[18,44286,43554],{}," can be useful in a few situations:",[240,44289,44290,44293,44296,44299],{},[243,44291,44292],{},"Checking whether two variables refer to the same object",[243,44294,44295],{},"Understanding mutable objects like lists and dictionaries",[243,44297,44298],{},"Debugging code that changes data in place",[243,44300,44301],{},"Learning how assignment works in Python",[14,44303,44304,44305,44307],{},"For example, if a list changes unexpectedly, ",[18,44306,43554],{}," can help you see whether two variables point to the same list:",[46,44309,44311],{"className":48,"code":44310,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"original = [\"a\", \"b\"]\ncopy_ref = original\n\ncopy_ref.append(\"c\")\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copy_ref)\nprint(id(original))\nprint(id(copy_ref))\n",[18,44312,44313,44337,44346,44350,44369,44373,44383,44393,44407],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,44314,44315,44317,44319,44321,44323,44325,44327,44329,44331,44333,44335],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,44316,12129],{"class":902},[55,44318,906],{"class":703},[55,44320,909],{"class":65},[55,44322,126],{"class":109},[55,44324,294],{"class":129},[55,44326,126],{"class":109},[55,44328,163],{"class":65},[55,44330,793],{"class":109},[55,44332,5046],{"class":129},[55,44334,126],{"class":109},[55,44336,924],{"class":65},[55,44338,44339,44342,44344],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,44340,44341],{"class":902},"copy_ref ",[55,44343,906],{"class":703},[55,44345,12167],{"class":902},[55,44347,44348],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,44349,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,44351,44352,44355,44357,44359,44361,44363,44365,44367],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,44353,44354],{"class":902},"copy_ref",[55,44356,29],{"class":65},[55,44358,13599],{"class":318},[55,44360,66],{"class":65},[55,44362,126],{"class":109},[55,44364,9777],{"class":129},[55,44366,126],{"class":109},[55,44368,322],{"class":65},[55,44370,44371],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,44372,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,44374,44375,44377,44379,44381],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,44376,62],{"class":61},[55,44378,66],{"class":65},[55,44380,12176],{"class":318},[55,44382,322],{"class":65},[55,44384,44385,44387,44389,44391],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,44386,62],{"class":61},[55,44388,66],{"class":65},[55,44390,44354],{"class":318},[55,44392,322],{"class":65},[55,44394,44395,44397,44399,44401,44403,44405],{"class":57,"line":582},[55,44396,62],{"class":61},[55,44398,66],{"class":65},[55,44400,12693],{"class":61},[55,44402,66],{"class":65},[55,44404,12176],{"class":318},[55,44406,79],{"class":65},[55,44408,44409,44411,44413,44415,44417,44419],{"class":57,"line":6706},[55,44410,62],{"class":61},[55,44412,66],{"class":65},[55,44414,12693],{"class":61},[55,44416,66],{"class":65},[55,44418,44354],{"class":318},[55,44420,79],{"class":65},[14,44422,177],{},[46,44424,44426],{"className":48,"code":44425,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[18,44427,44428,44456],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,44429,44430,44432,44434,44436,44438,44440,44442,44444,44446,44448,44450,44452,44454],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,44431,4186],{"class":65},[55,44433,1923],{"class":109},[55,44435,294],{"class":129},[55,44437,1923],{"class":109},[55,44439,163],{"class":65},[55,44441,1918],{"class":109},[55,44443,5046],{"class":129},[55,44445,1923],{"class":109},[55,44447,163],{"class":65},[55,44449,1918],{"class":109},[55,44451,9777],{"class":129},[55,44453,1923],{"class":109},[55,44455,924],{"class":65},[55,44457,44458,44460,44462,44464,44466,44468,44470,44472,44474,44476,44478,44480,44482],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,44459,4186],{"class":65},[55,44461,1923],{"class":109},[55,44463,294],{"class":129},[55,44465,1923],{"class":109},[55,44467,163],{"class":65},[55,44469,1918],{"class":109},[55,44471,5046],{"class":129},[55,44473,1923],{"class":109},[55,44475,163],{"class":65},[55,44477,1918],{"class":109},[55,44479,9777],{"class":129},[55,44481,1923],{"class":109},[55,44483,924],{"class":65},[14,44485,44486],{},"Both variables show the same updated list because they refer to the same object.",[41,44488,44490,44491],{"id":44489},"when-not-to-use-id","When not to use ",[18,44492,43554],{},[14,44494,44495,44496,44498],{},"Do not use ",[18,44497,43554],{}," as a normal comparison tool.",[14,44500,44501],{},"Avoid these mistakes:",[240,44503,44504,44510,44516,44519],{},[243,44505,44506,44507,44509],{},"Do not use it instead of ",[18,44508,1673],{}," for strings, numbers, lists, or other normal values",[243,44511,44512,44513,44515],{},"Do not store or depend on ",[18,44514,43554],{}," values across program runs",[243,44517,44518],{},"Do not assume the integer has a meaning you should interpret",[243,44520,44521,44522],{},"Do not build unnecessary program logic around ",[18,44523,43554],{},[14,44525,44526],{},"Bad example:",[46,44528,44530],{"className":48,"code":44529,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = \"cat\"\nb = \"cat\"\n\nif id(a) == id(b):\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[18,44531,44532,44544,44556,44560,44582],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,44533,44534,44536,44538,44540,44542],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,44535,2857],{"class":902},[55,44537,906],{"class":703},[55,44539,793],{"class":109},[55,44541,37109],{"class":129},[55,44543,1052],{"class":109},[55,44545,44546,44548,44550,44552,44554],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,44547,2885],{"class":902},[55,44549,906],{"class":703},[55,44551,793],{"class":109},[55,44553,37109],{"class":129},[55,44555,1052],{"class":109},[55,44557,44558],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,44559,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,44561,44562,44564,44566,44568,44570,44572,44574,44576,44578,44580],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,44563,38],{"class":1193},[55,44565,14863],{"class":61},[55,44567,66],{"class":65},[55,44569,294],{"class":318},[55,44571,3953],{"class":65},[55,44573,6684],{"class":703},[55,44575,14863],{"class":61},[55,44577,66],{"class":65},[55,44579,5046],{"class":318},[55,44581,1480],{"class":65},[55,44583,44584,44586,44588,44590,44593,44595],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,44585,1204],{"class":61},[55,44587,66],{"class":65},[55,44589,126],{"class":109},[55,44591,44592],{"class":129},"The values are equal",[55,44594,126],{"class":109},[55,44596,322],{"class":65},[14,44598,44599],{},"This is the wrong test. Use:",[46,44601,44603],{"className":48,"code":44602,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"if a == b:\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[18,44604,44605,44618],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,44606,44607,44609,44612,44614,44616],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,44608,38],{"class":1193},[55,44610,44611],{"class":902}," a ",[55,44613,1673],{"class":703},[55,44615,2862],{"class":902},[55,44617,1199],{"class":65},[55,44619,44620,44622,44624,44626,44628,44630],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,44621,1204],{"class":61},[55,44623,66],{"class":65},[55,44625,126],{"class":109},[55,44627,44592],{"class":129},[55,44629,126],{"class":109},[55,44631,322],{"class":65},[14,44633,212,44634,25,44636,44638],{},[18,44635,12237],{},[18,44637,43554],{}," only when identity actually matters.",[41,44640,20852],{"id":20851},[14,44642,44643],{},"There are a few details that can confuse beginners:",[240,44645,44646,44649,44652,44657],{},[243,44647,44648],{},"Some small values may appear to share identities because Python can reuse objects",[243,44650,44651],{},"That behavior can vary between Python implementations",[243,44653,44654,44655],{},"Do not assume equal immutable values always have the same ",[18,44656,43554],{},[243,44658,44659,44660],{},"Do not assume they always have different ",[18,44661,43554],{},[14,44663,44664],{},"The important rule is:",[240,44666,44667,44672],{},[243,44668,212,44669,44671],{},[18,44670,1673],{}," to check value",[243,44673,212,44674,44676],{},[18,44675,12237],{}," to check identity",[14,44678,44679,44680,44682],{},"In everyday Python code, ",[18,44681,43554],{}," is mainly an inspection tool. It is not something you use all the time.",[41,44684,1586],{"id":1585},[14,44686,44687,44688,790],{},"Here are common beginner mistakes with ",[18,44689,43554],{},[240,44691,44692,44700,44703,44706,44711],{},[243,44693,1556,44694,44696,44697,44699],{},[18,44695,43554],{}," when ",[18,44698,1673],{}," should be used",[243,44701,44702],{},"Confusing identity with equality",[243,44704,44705],{},"Thinking the returned integer is a memory address you should rely on",[243,44707,44708,44709],{},"Assuming equal immutable values always have different or always have the same ",[18,44710,43554],{},[243,44712,1556,44713,44715],{},[18,44714,43554],{}," to make program logic decisions unnecessarily",[14,44717,44718],{},"If you are debugging, these commands are often helpful:",[46,44720,44722],{"className":48,"code":44721,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(id(my_object))\nprint(a == b)\nprint(a is b)\nprint(type(my_object))\nhelp(id)\n",[18,44723,44724,44739,44753,44767,44781],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,44725,44726,44728,44730,44732,44734,44737],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,44727,62],{"class":61},[55,44729,66],{"class":65},[55,44731,12693],{"class":61},[55,44733,66],{"class":65},[55,44735,44736],{"class":318},"my_object",[55,44738,79],{"class":65},[55,44740,44741,44743,44745,44747,44749,44751],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,44742,62],{"class":61},[55,44744,66],{"class":65},[55,44746,2857],{"class":318},[55,44748,1673],{"class":703},[55,44750,2862],{"class":318},[55,44752,322],{"class":65},[55,44754,44755,44757,44759,44761,44763,44765],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,44756,62],{"class":61},[55,44758,66],{"class":65},[55,44760,2857],{"class":318},[55,44762,12237],{"class":1193},[55,44764,2862],{"class":318},[55,44766,322],{"class":65},[55,44768,44769,44771,44773,44775,44777,44779],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,44770,62],{"class":61},[55,44772,66],{"class":65},[55,44774,1879],{"class":69},[55,44776,66],{"class":65},[55,44778,44736],{"class":318},[55,44780,79],{"class":65},[55,44782,44783,44785,44787,44789],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,44784,32209],{"class":61},[55,44786,66],{"class":65},[55,44788,12693],{"class":61},[55,44790,322],{"class":65},[41,44792,2139],{"id":2138},[889,44794,44796,44797,12760],{"id":44795},"what-does-python-id-return","What does Python ",[18,44798,43554],{},[14,44800,44801],{},"It returns an integer that identifies an object for as long as that object exists.",[889,44803,14950,44805,44807],{"id":44804},"is-id-the-same-as-a-memory-address",[18,44806,43554],{}," the same as a memory address?",[14,44809,44810],{},"In CPython, it is often related to the memory address, but beginners should treat it as an identity value, not as something to depend on.",[889,44812,21472,44814,44816],{"id":44813},"should-i-use-id-to-compare-two-values",[18,44815,43554],{}," to compare two values?",[14,44818,30326,44819,44821,44822,25,44824,44826],{},[18,44820,1673],{}," to compare values. Use ",[18,44823,43554],{},[18,44825,12237],{}," only when you need to know whether two variables refer to the same object.",[889,44828,44830,44831,2794],{"id":44829},"why-do-two-variables-sometimes-have-the-same-id","Why do two variables sometimes have the same ",[18,44832,43554],{},[14,44834,44835],{},"Because they can point to the same object.",[889,44837,44839,44840,44842],{"id":44838},"why-do-equal-lists-have-different-id-values","Why do equal lists have different ",[18,44841,43554],{}," values?",[14,44844,44845],{},"Because they can store the same values but still be separate objects.",[41,44847,2193],{"id":2192},[240,44849,44850,44855,44860,44865,44873],{},[243,44851,44852],{},[294,44853,44854],{"href":43692},"Python variables explained for beginners",[243,44856,44857],{},[294,44858,44859],{"href":44001},"Mutability in Python: mutable vs immutable types",[243,44861,44862],{},[294,44863,44864],{"href":44005},"Python data types overview",[243,44866,44867],{},[294,44868,3871,44870,3804],{"href":44869},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained",[18,44871,44872],{},"isinstance()",[243,44874,44875],{},[294,44876,44878],{"href":44877},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-functions-explained","Python functions explained",[2226,44880,44881],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":44883},[44884,44886,44887,44888,44889,44890,44892,44894,44895,44896,44908],{"id":43658,"depth":82,"text":44885},"What id() does",{"id":2459,"depth":82,"text":2460},{"id":43826,"depth":82,"text":43827},{"id":44009,"depth":82,"text":44010},{"id":44121,"depth":82,"text":44122},{"id":44278,"depth":82,"text":44891},"When id() is useful",{"id":44489,"depth":82,"text":44893},"When not to use id()",{"id":20851,"depth":82,"text":20852},{"id":1585,"depth":82,"text":1586},{"id":2138,"depth":82,"text":2139,"children":44897},[44898,44900,44902,44904,44906],{"id":44795,"depth":98,"text":44899},"What does Python id() return?",{"id":44804,"depth":98,"text":44901},"Is id() the same as a memory address?",{"id":44813,"depth":98,"text":44903},"Should I use id() to compare two values?",{"id":44829,"depth":98,"text":44905},"Why do two variables sometimes have the same id()?",{"id":44838,"depth":98,"text":44907},"Why do equal lists have different id() values?",{"id":2192,"depth":82,"text":2193},"Master python id function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained",{"title":43546,"description":44909},"reference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained","urpvIG90OiBF3OAxMd-CGWa-9xnfjJsWk0ZM8U_FOZA",{"id":44916,"title":42259,"body":44917,"description":46557,"extension":2267,"meta":46558,"navigation":1121,"path":46559,"seo":46560,"stem":46561,"__hash__":46562},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":44918,"toc":46523},[44919,44924,44929,44932,44934,44977,44982,44985,44990,44995,44998,45014,45016,45060,45062,45089,45091,45106,45108,45110,45112,45128,45130,45142,45145,45179,45182,45207,45212,45214,45219,45223,45226,45228,45276,45278,45311,45317,45328,45330,45382,45384,45415,45417,45421,45425,45468,45474,45480,45532,45540,45545,45549,45640,45642,45675,45678,45680,45740,45742,45768,45778,45780,45784,45789,45794,45796,45833,45835,45854,45857,45861,45864,45920,45932,45941,45943,45970,45978,45985,45989,45992,46029,46032,46038,46075,46077,46081,46087,46105,46110,46158,46162,46251,46254,46261,46263,46265,46270,46288,46290,46333,46339,46356,46358,46420,46422,46424,46430,46438,46444,46450,46459,46469,46473,46481,46483,46485,46520],[10,44920,3871,44922,3875],{"id":44921},"python-input-function-explained",[18,44923,1359],{},[14,44925,16,44926,44928],{},[18,44927,1359],{}," function lets your Python program receive text from the user.",[14,44930,44931],{},"It is one of the most common beginner tools in Python because it makes programs interactive. You can use it to ask for a name, an age, a number, or any other value the user types.",[41,44933,2308],{"id":2307},[46,44935,44937],{"className":48,"code":44936,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(\"Hello, \" + name)\n",[18,44938,44939,44958],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,44940,44941,44943,44945,44947,44949,44951,44954,44956],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,44942,1004],{"class":902},[55,44944,906],{"class":703},[55,44946,1380],{"class":61},[55,44948,66],{"class":65},[55,44950,126],{"class":109},[55,44952,44953],{"class":129},"Enter your name: ",[55,44955,126],{"class":109},[55,44957,322],{"class":65},[55,44959,44960,44962,44964,44966,44969,44971,44973,44975],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,44961,62],{"class":61},[55,44963,66],{"class":65},[55,44965,126],{"class":109},[55,44967,44968],{"class":129},"Hello, ",[55,44970,126],{"class":109},[55,44972,2756],{"class":703},[55,44974,36052],{"class":318},[55,44976,322],{"class":65},[14,44978,212,44979,44981],{},[18,44980,1359],{}," to get text from the user. It always returns a string.",[44983,44984],"hr",{},[41,44986,3970,44988,3973],{"id":44987},"what-input-does",[18,44989,1359],{},[14,44991,44992,44994],{},[18,44993,1359],{}," pauses the program and waits for the user to type something.",[14,44996,44997],{},"Here is what happens:",[240,44999,45000,45005,45008,45011],{},[243,45001,45002,45004],{},[18,45003,1359],{}," waits for the user to type",[243,45006,45007],{},"It reads text from the keyboard",[243,45009,45010],{},"It returns the typed value as a string",[243,45012,45013],{},"The program continues after the user presses Enter",[14,45015,358],{},[46,45017,45019],{"className":48,"code":45018,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\nprint(\"Your favorite color is\", color)\n",[18,45020,45021,45041],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,45022,45023,45026,45028,45030,45032,45034,45037,45039],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,45024,45025],{"class":902},"color ",[55,45027,906],{"class":703},[55,45029,1380],{"class":61},[55,45031,66],{"class":65},[55,45033,126],{"class":109},[55,45035,45036],{"class":129},"What is your favorite color? ",[55,45038,126],{"class":109},[55,45040,322],{"class":65},[55,45042,45043,45045,45047,45049,45052,45054,45056,45058],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,45044,62],{"class":61},[55,45046,66],{"class":65},[55,45048,126],{"class":109},[55,45050,45051],{"class":129},"Your favorite color is",[55,45053,126],{"class":109},[55,45055,163],{"class":65},[55,45057,35911],{"class":318},[55,45059,322],{"class":65},[14,45061,30085],{},[46,45063,45065],{"className":48,"code":45064,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"What is your favorite color? blue\nYour favorite color is blue\n",[18,45066,45067,45080],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,45068,45069,45071,45073,45076,45078],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,45070,3970],{"class":902},[55,45072,12237],{"class":703},[55,45074,45075],{"class":902}," your favorite color",[55,45077,2794],{"class":37429},[55,45079,35941],{"class":902},[55,45081,45082,45085,45087],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,45083,45084],{"class":902},"Your favorite color ",[55,45086,12237],{"class":703},[55,45088,35941],{"class":902},[14,45090,20008],{},[240,45092,45093,45098,45103],{},[243,45094,45095,45096],{},"The prompt is ",[18,45097,45036],{},[243,45099,45100,45101],{},"The user's answer is stored in ",[18,45102,32948],{},[243,45104,45105],{},"That value is then printed",[44983,45107],{},[41,45109,2460],{"id":2459},[14,45111,304],{},[46,45113,45115],{"className":48,"code":45114,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"input(prompt)\n",[18,45116,45117],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,45118,45119,45121,45123,45126],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,45120,42528],{"class":61},[55,45122,66],{"class":65},[55,45124,45125],{"class":318},"prompt",[55,45127,322],{"class":65},[14,45129,11500],{},[240,45131,45132,45136,45139],{},[243,45133,16,45134,20090],{},[18,45135,45125],{},[243,45137,45138],{},"The prompt appears before the user types",[243,45140,45141],{},"You usually store the result in a variable",[14,45143,45144],{},"Example with a prompt:",[46,45146,45148],{"className":48,"code":45147,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"username = input(\"Enter your username: \")\nprint(username)\n",[18,45149,45150,45169],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,45151,45152,45154,45156,45158,45160,45162,45165,45167],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,45153,1090],{"class":902},[55,45155,906],{"class":703},[55,45157,1380],{"class":61},[55,45159,66],{"class":65},[55,45161,126],{"class":109},[55,45163,45164],{"class":129},"Enter your username: ",[55,45166,126],{"class":109},[55,45168,322],{"class":65},[55,45170,45171,45173,45175,45177],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,45172,62],{"class":61},[55,45174,66],{"class":65},[55,45176,1114],{"class":318},[55,45178,322],{"class":65},[14,45180,45181],{},"Example without a prompt:",[46,45183,45185],{"className":48,"code":45184,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = input()\nprint(value)\n",[18,45186,45187,45197],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,45188,45189,45191,45193,45195],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,45190,1654],{"class":902},[55,45192,906],{"class":703},[55,45194,1380],{"class":61},[55,45196,1789],{"class":65},[55,45198,45199,45201,45203,45205],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,45200,62],{"class":61},[55,45202,66],{"class":65},[55,45204,319],{"class":318},[55,45206,322],{"class":65},[14,45208,884,45209,45211],{},[18,45210,1359],{}," without a prompt, but a clear prompt is usually better. It helps the user know what to enter.",[44983,45213],{},[41,45215,3970,45217,11748],{"id":45216},"what-input-returns",[18,45218,1359],{},[14,45220,45221,1363],{},[18,45222,1359],{},[14,45224,45225],{},"That is true even if the user types a number.",[14,45227,358],{},[46,45229,45231],{"className":48,"code":45230,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"age = input(\"Enter your age: \")\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[18,45232,45233,45252,45262],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,45234,45235,45237,45239,45241,45243,45245,45248,45250],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,45236,21680],{"class":902},[55,45238,906],{"class":703},[55,45240,1380],{"class":61},[55,45242,66],{"class":65},[55,45244,126],{"class":109},[55,45246,45247],{"class":129},"Enter your age: ",[55,45249,126],{"class":109},[55,45251,322],{"class":65},[55,45253,45254,45256,45258,45260],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,45255,62],{"class":61},[55,45257,66],{"class":65},[55,45259,9336],{"class":318},[55,45261,322],{"class":65},[55,45263,45264,45266,45268,45270,45272,45274],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,45265,62],{"class":61},[55,45267,66],{"class":65},[55,45269,1879],{"class":69},[55,45271,66],{"class":65},[55,45273,9336],{"class":318},[55,45275,79],{"class":65},[14,45277,30085],{},[46,45279,45281],{"className":48,"code":45280,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,45282,45283,45293,45297],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,45284,45285,45288,45290],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,45286,45287],{"class":902},"Enter your age",[55,45289,790],{"class":65},[55,45291,45292],{"class":75}," 25\n",[55,45294,45295],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,45296,3012],{"class":75},[55,45298,45299,45301,45303,45305,45307,45309],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,45300,1911],{"class":703},[55,45302,1915],{"class":1914},[55,45304,1918],{"class":109},[55,45306,3738],{"class":129},[55,45308,1923],{"class":109},[55,45310,1926],{"class":703},[14,45312,45313,45314,45316],{},"Even though the user typed ",[18,45315,9230],{},", Python treats it as text.",[14,45318,45319,45320,25,45324,29],{},"If you need a number, convert it with ",[294,45321,45322],{"href":3177},[18,45323,3180],{},[294,45325,45326],{"href":3183},[18,45327,3186],{},[14,45329,358],{},[46,45331,45333],{"className":48,"code":45332,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[18,45334,45335,45358,45368],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,45336,45337,45339,45341,45344,45346,45348,45350,45352,45354,45356],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,45338,21680],{"class":902},[55,45340,906],{"class":703},[55,45342,45343],{"class":69}," int",[55,45345,66],{"class":65},[55,45347,42528],{"class":61},[55,45349,66],{"class":65},[55,45351,126],{"class":109},[55,45353,45247],{"class":129},[55,45355,126],{"class":109},[55,45357,79],{"class":65},[55,45359,45360,45362,45364,45366],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,45361,62],{"class":61},[55,45363,66],{"class":65},[55,45365,9336],{"class":318},[55,45367,322],{"class":65},[55,45369,45370,45372,45374,45376,45378,45380],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,45371,62],{"class":61},[55,45373,66],{"class":65},[55,45375,1879],{"class":69},[55,45377,66],{"class":65},[55,45379,9336],{"class":318},[55,45381,79],{"class":65},[14,45383,30085],{},[46,45385,45387],{"className":48,"code":45386,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[18,45388,45389,45397,45401],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,45390,45391,45393,45395],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,45392,45287],{"class":902},[55,45394,790],{"class":65},[55,45396,45292],{"class":75},[55,45398,45399],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,45400,3012],{"class":75},[55,45402,45403,45405,45407,45409,45411,45413],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,45404,1911],{"class":703},[55,45406,1915],{"class":1914},[55,45408,1918],{"class":109},[55,45410,2492],{"class":129},[55,45412,1923],{"class":109},[55,45414,1926],{"class":703},[44983,45416],{},[41,45418,45420],{"id":45419},"simple-examples-beginners-need","Simple examples beginners need",[889,45422,45424],{"id":45423},"ask-for-a-name-and-print-it","Ask for a name and print it",[46,45426,45428],{"className":48,"code":45427,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name = input(\"What is your name? \")\nprint(\"Hello,\", name)\n",[18,45429,45430,45449],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,45431,45432,45434,45436,45438,45440,45442,45445,45447],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,45433,1004],{"class":902},[55,45435,906],{"class":703},[55,45437,1380],{"class":61},[55,45439,66],{"class":65},[55,45441,126],{"class":109},[55,45443,45444],{"class":129},"What is your name? ",[55,45446,126],{"class":109},[55,45448,322],{"class":65},[55,45450,45451,45453,45455,45457,45460,45462,45464,45466],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,45452,62],{"class":61},[55,45454,66],{"class":65},[55,45456,126],{"class":109},[55,45458,45459],{"class":129},"Hello,",[55,45461,126],{"class":109},[55,45463,163],{"class":65},[55,45465,36052],{"class":318},[55,45467,322],{"class":65},[14,45469,45470,45471,45473],{},"This stores the user's answer in ",[18,45472,785],{}," and prints it.",[889,45475,45477,45478],{"id":45476},"ask-for-age-and-convert-it-with-int","Ask for age and convert it with ",[18,45479,3180],{},[46,45481,45483],{"className":48,"code":45482,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"age = int(input(\"How old are you? \"))\nprint(\"Next year you will be\", age + 1)\n",[18,45484,45485,45508],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,45486,45487,45489,45491,45493,45495,45497,45499,45501,45504,45506],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,45488,21680],{"class":902},[55,45490,906],{"class":703},[55,45492,45343],{"class":69},[55,45494,66],{"class":65},[55,45496,42528],{"class":61},[55,45498,66],{"class":65},[55,45500,126],{"class":109},[55,45502,45503],{"class":129},"How old are you? ",[55,45505,126],{"class":109},[55,45507,79],{"class":65},[55,45509,45510,45512,45514,45516,45519,45521,45523,45526,45528,45530],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,45511,62],{"class":61},[55,45513,66],{"class":65},[55,45515,126],{"class":109},[55,45517,45518],{"class":129},"Next year you will be",[55,45520,126],{"class":109},[55,45522,163],{"class":65},[55,45524,45525],{"class":318}," age ",[55,45527,2363],{"class":703},[55,45529,5782],{"class":75},[55,45531,322],{"class":65},[14,45533,6339,45534,45536,45537,45539],{},[18,45535,3180],{}," converts the text from ",[18,45538,1359],{}," into a whole number.",[14,45541,45542,45543,29],{},"If you want more help with this step, see ",[294,45544,2135],{"href":2134},[889,45546,45548],{"id":45547},"ask-for-two-numbers-and-add-them-after-conversion","Ask for two numbers and add them after conversion",[46,45550,45552],{"className":48,"code":45551,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"num1 = int(input(\"Enter the first number: \"))\nnum2 = int(input(\"Enter the second number: \"))\ntotal = num1 + num2\n\nprint(\"Total:\", total)\n",[18,45553,45554,45578,45602,45616,45620],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,45555,45556,45559,45561,45563,45565,45567,45569,45571,45574,45576],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,45557,45558],{"class":902},"num1 ",[55,45560,906],{"class":703},[55,45562,45343],{"class":69},[55,45564,66],{"class":65},[55,45566,42528],{"class":61},[55,45568,66],{"class":65},[55,45570,126],{"class":109},[55,45572,45573],{"class":129},"Enter the first number: ",[55,45575,126],{"class":109},[55,45577,79],{"class":65},[55,45579,45580,45583,45585,45587,45589,45591,45593,45595,45598,45600],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,45581,45582],{"class":902},"num2 ",[55,45584,906],{"class":703},[55,45586,45343],{"class":69},[55,45588,66],{"class":65},[55,45590,42528],{"class":61},[55,45592,66],{"class":65},[55,45594,126],{"class":109},[55,45596,45597],{"class":129},"Enter the second number: ",[55,45599,126],{"class":109},[55,45601,79],{"class":65},[55,45603,45604,45606,45608,45611,45613],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,45605,41247],{"class":902},[55,45607,906],{"class":703},[55,45609,45610],{"class":902}," num1 ",[55,45612,2363],{"class":703},[55,45614,45615],{"class":902}," num2\n",[55,45617,45618],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,45619,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,45621,45622,45624,45626,45628,45631,45633,45635,45638],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,45623,62],{"class":61},[55,45625,66],{"class":65},[55,45627,126],{"class":109},[55,45629,45630],{"class":129},"Total:",[55,45632,126],{"class":109},[55,45634,163],{"class":65},[55,45636,45637],{"class":318}," total",[55,45639,322],{"class":65},[14,45641,30085],{},[46,45643,45645],{"className":48,"code":45644,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\nTotal: 5\n",[18,45646,45647,45657,45666],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,45648,45649,45652,45654],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,45650,45651],{"class":902},"Enter the first number",[55,45653,790],{"class":65},[55,45655,45656],{"class":75}," 2\n",[55,45658,45659,45662,45664],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,45660,45661],{"class":902},"Enter the second number",[55,45663,790],{"class":65},[55,45665,2880],{"class":75},[55,45667,45668,45671,45673],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,45669,45670],{"class":902},"Total",[55,45672,790],{"class":65},[55,45674,34901],{"class":75},[14,45676,45677],{},"If you skip the conversion, Python joins the values as strings instead of adding them as numbers.",[14,45679,358],{},[46,45681,45683],{"className":48,"code":45682,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"num1 = input(\"Enter the first number: \")\nnum2 = input(\"Enter the second number: \")\n\nprint(num1 + num2)\n",[18,45684,45685,45703,45721,45725],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,45686,45687,45689,45691,45693,45695,45697,45699,45701],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,45688,45558],{"class":902},[55,45690,906],{"class":703},[55,45692,1380],{"class":61},[55,45694,66],{"class":65},[55,45696,126],{"class":109},[55,45698,45573],{"class":129},[55,45700,126],{"class":109},[55,45702,322],{"class":65},[55,45704,45705,45707,45709,45711,45713,45715,45717,45719],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,45706,45582],{"class":902},[55,45708,906],{"class":703},[55,45710,1380],{"class":61},[55,45712,66],{"class":65},[55,45714,126],{"class":109},[55,45716,45597],{"class":129},[55,45718,126],{"class":109},[55,45720,322],{"class":65},[55,45722,45723],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,45724,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,45726,45727,45729,45731,45733,45735,45738],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,45728,62],{"class":61},[55,45730,66],{"class":65},[55,45732,45558],{"class":318},[55,45734,2363],{"class":703},[55,45736,45737],{"class":318}," num2",[55,45739,322],{"class":65},[14,45741,30085],{},[46,45743,45745],{"className":48,"code":45744,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\n23\n",[18,45746,45747,45755,45763],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,45748,45749,45751,45753],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,45750,45651],{"class":902},[55,45752,790],{"class":65},[55,45754,45656],{"class":75},[55,45756,45757,45759,45761],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,45758,45661],{"class":902},[55,45760,790],{"class":65},[55,45762,2880],{"class":75},[55,45764,45765],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,45766,45767],{"class":75},"23\n",[14,45769,45770,45771,45774,45775,29],{},"That happens because ",[18,45772,45773],{},"\"2\" + \"3\""," creates ",[18,45776,45777],{},"\"23\"",[44983,45779],{},[41,45781,45783],{"id":45782},"common-beginner-problems","Common beginner problems",[14,45785,45786,45787,29],{},"Beginners often run into the same few issues with ",[18,45788,1359],{},[889,45790,4989,45792,41607],{"id":45791},"forgetting-that-input-returns-a-string",[18,45793,1359],{},[14,45795,39262],{},[46,45797,45799],{"className":48,"code":45798,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[18,45800,45801,45819],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,45802,45803,45805,45807,45809,45811,45813,45815,45817],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,45804,1654],{"class":902},[55,45806,906],{"class":703},[55,45808,1380],{"class":61},[55,45810,66],{"class":65},[55,45812,126],{"class":109},[55,45814,41936],{"class":129},[55,45816,126],{"class":109},[55,45818,322],{"class":65},[55,45820,45821,45823,45825,45827,45829,45831],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,45822,62],{"class":61},[55,45824,66],{"class":65},[55,45826,1879],{"class":69},[55,45828,66],{"class":65},[55,45830,319],{"class":318},[55,45832,79],{"class":65},[14,45834,281],{},[46,45836,45838],{"className":48,"code":45837,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,45839,45840],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,45841,45842,45844,45846,45848,45850,45852],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,45843,1911],{"class":703},[55,45845,1915],{"class":1914},[55,45847,1918],{"class":109},[55,45849,3738],{"class":129},[55,45851,1923],{"class":109},[55,45853,1926],{"class":703},[14,45855,45856],{},"If you need a number, convert it first.",[889,45858,45860],{"id":45859},"trying-to-add-numbers-without-converting-them","Trying to add numbers without converting them",[14,45862,45863],{},"This gives string joining, not math.",[46,45865,45867],{"className":48,"code":45866,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nb = input(\"Enter another number: \")\nprint(a + b)\n",[18,45868,45869,45887,45906],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,45870,45871,45873,45875,45877,45879,45881,45883,45885],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,45872,2857],{"class":902},[55,45874,906],{"class":703},[55,45876,1380],{"class":61},[55,45878,66],{"class":65},[55,45880,126],{"class":109},[55,45882,41936],{"class":129},[55,45884,126],{"class":109},[55,45886,322],{"class":65},[55,45888,45889,45891,45893,45895,45897,45899,45902,45904],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,45890,2885],{"class":902},[55,45892,906],{"class":703},[55,45894,1380],{"class":61},[55,45896,66],{"class":65},[55,45898,126],{"class":109},[55,45900,45901],{"class":129},"Enter another number: ",[55,45903,126],{"class":109},[55,45905,322],{"class":65},[55,45907,45908,45910,45912,45914,45916,45918],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,45909,62],{"class":61},[55,45911,66],{"class":65},[55,45913,2857],{"class":318},[55,45915,2363],{"class":703},[55,45917,2862],{"class":318},[55,45919,322],{"class":65},[14,45921,41185,45922,4679,45924,45926,45927,19014,45930,29],{},[18,45923,2807],{},[18,45925,688],{},", the result is ",[18,45928,45929],{},"45",[18,45931,2446],{},[889,45933,45935,45936,45938,45939],{"id":45934},"getting-valueerror-when-converting-invalid-text-to-int","Getting ",[18,45937,40768],{}," when converting invalid text to ",[18,45940,3180],{},[14,45942,358],{},[46,45944,45946],{"className":48,"code":45945,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n",[18,45947,45948],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,45949,45950,45952,45954,45956,45958,45960,45962,45964,45966,45968],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,45951,21680],{"class":902},[55,45953,906],{"class":703},[55,45955,45343],{"class":69},[55,45957,66],{"class":65},[55,45959,42528],{"class":61},[55,45961,66],{"class":65},[55,45963,126],{"class":109},[55,45965,45247],{"class":129},[55,45967,126],{"class":109},[55,45969,79],{"class":65},[14,45971,1409,45972,45975,45976,29],{},[18,45973,45974],{},"ten",", Python raises a ",[18,45977,40768],{},[14,45979,45980,45981,29],{},"If you see this problem, read ",[294,45982,45984],{"href":45983},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-invalid-literal-for-int-with-base-10-fix\u002F","ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10",[889,45986,45988],{"id":45987},"leaving-extra-spaces-in-user-input","Leaving extra spaces in user input",[14,45990,45991],{},"Users sometimes type extra spaces before or after their answer.",[46,45993,45995],{"className":48,"code":45994,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(repr(name))\n",[18,45996,45997,46015],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,45998,45999,46001,46003,46005,46007,46009,46011,46013],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,46000,1004],{"class":902},[55,46002,906],{"class":703},[55,46004,1380],{"class":61},[55,46006,66],{"class":65},[55,46008,126],{"class":109},[55,46010,44953],{"class":129},[55,46012,126],{"class":109},[55,46014,322],{"class":65},[55,46016,46017,46019,46021,46023,46025,46027],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,46018,62],{"class":61},[55,46020,66],{"class":65},[55,46022,41844],{"class":61},[55,46024,66],{"class":65},[55,46026,785],{"class":318},[55,46028,79],{"class":65},[14,46030,46031],{},"If the user enters spaces, those spaces become part of the string.",[14,46033,46034,46035,790],{},"You can remove them with ",[18,46036,46037],{},".strip()",[46,46039,46041],{"className":48,"code":46040,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \").strip()\nprint(name)\n",[18,46042,46043,46065],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,46044,46045,46047,46049,46051,46053,46055,46057,46059,46061,46063],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,46046,1004],{"class":902},[55,46048,906],{"class":703},[55,46050,1380],{"class":61},[55,46052,66],{"class":65},[55,46054,126],{"class":109},[55,46056,44953],{"class":129},[55,46058,126],{"class":109},[55,46060,1777],{"class":65},[55,46062,1780],{"class":318},[55,46064,1789],{"class":65},[55,46066,46067,46069,46071,46073],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,46068,62],{"class":61},[55,46070,66],{"class":65},[55,46072,785],{"class":318},[55,46074,322],{"class":65},[44983,46076],{},[41,46078,46080],{"id":46079},"helpful-tips","Helpful tips",[14,46082,46083,46084,46086],{},"These habits make ",[18,46085,1359],{}," easier and safer to use.",[240,46088,46089,46092,46097,46100],{},[243,46090,46091],{},"Use clear prompts so users know what to enter",[243,46093,212,46094,46096],{},[18,46095,46037],{}," to remove extra spaces when needed",[243,46098,46099],{},"Validate input before using it in larger programs",[243,46101,212,46102,46104],{},[18,46103,29837],{}," when converting input to numbers",[14,46106,46107,46108,790],{},"Example with ",[18,46109,46037],{},[46,46111,46113],{"className":48,"code":46112,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"city = input(\"Enter your city: \").strip()\nprint(\"City:\", city)\n",[18,46114,46115,46139],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,46116,46117,46120,46122,46124,46126,46128,46131,46133,46135,46137],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,46118,46119],{"class":902},"city ",[55,46121,906],{"class":703},[55,46123,1380],{"class":61},[55,46125,66],{"class":65},[55,46127,126],{"class":109},[55,46129,46130],{"class":129},"Enter your city: ",[55,46132,126],{"class":109},[55,46134,1777],{"class":65},[55,46136,1780],{"class":318},[55,46138,1789],{"class":65},[55,46140,46141,46143,46145,46147,46150,46152,46154,46156],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,46142,62],{"class":61},[55,46144,66],{"class":65},[55,46146,126],{"class":109},[55,46148,46149],{"class":129},"City:",[55,46151,126],{"class":109},[55,46153,163],{"class":65},[55,46155,31441],{"class":318},[55,46157,322],{"class":65},[14,46159,46107,46160,790],{},[18,46161,29837],{},[46,46163,46165],{"className":48,"code":46164,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"try:\n    age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n    print(\"You will be\", age + 1, \"next year\")\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Please enter a whole number.\")\n",[18,46166,46167,46173,46196,46228,46236],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,46168,46169,46171],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,46170,29859],{"class":1193},[55,46172,1199],{"class":65},[55,46174,46175,46178,46180,46182,46184,46186,46188,46190,46192,46194],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,46176,46177],{"class":902},"    age ",[55,46179,906],{"class":703},[55,46181,45343],{"class":69},[55,46183,66],{"class":65},[55,46185,42528],{"class":61},[55,46187,66],{"class":65},[55,46189,126],{"class":109},[55,46191,45247],{"class":129},[55,46193,126],{"class":109},[55,46195,79],{"class":65},[55,46197,46198,46200,46202,46204,46207,46209,46211,46213,46215,46217,46219,46221,46224,46226],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,46199,1204],{"class":61},[55,46201,66],{"class":65},[55,46203,126],{"class":109},[55,46205,46206],{"class":129},"You will be",[55,46208,126],{"class":109},[55,46210,163],{"class":65},[55,46212,45525],{"class":318},[55,46214,2363],{"class":703},[55,46216,5782],{"class":75},[55,46218,163],{"class":65},[55,46220,793],{"class":109},[55,46222,46223],{"class":129},"next year",[55,46225,126],{"class":109},[55,46227,322],{"class":65},[55,46229,46230,46232,46234],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,46231,29890],{"class":1193},[55,46233,41991],{"class":69},[55,46235,1199],{"class":65},[55,46237,46238,46240,46242,46244,46247,46249],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,46239,1204],{"class":61},[55,46241,66],{"class":65},[55,46243,126],{"class":109},[55,46245,46246],{"class":129},"Please enter a whole number.",[55,46248,126],{"class":109},[55,46250,322],{"class":65},[14,46252,46253],{},"This prevents the program from crashing when the user enters invalid text.",[14,46255,46256,46257,29],{},"If you are new to interactive programs, see ",[294,46258,46260],{"href":46259},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-user-input-in-python\u002F","how to get user input in Python",[44983,46262],{},[41,46264,1586],{"id":1585},[14,46266,46267,46268,790],{},"These are the most common causes of problems when using ",[18,46269,1359],{},[240,46271,46272,46279,46282,46285],{},[243,46273,46274,46275,25,46277],{},"Treating user input as a number without using ",[18,46276,3180],{},[18,46278,3186],{},[243,46280,46281],{},"Concatenating strings and numbers together incorrectly",[243,46283,46284],{},"Entering non-numeric text when the program expects a number",[243,46286,46287],{},"Assuming pressing Enter gives a number instead of an empty string",[14,46289,32139],{},[46,46291,46293],{"className":48,"code":46292,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[18,46294,46295,46305,46319],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,46296,46297,46299,46301,46303],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,46298,62],{"class":61},[55,46300,66],{"class":65},[55,46302,319],{"class":318},[55,46304,322],{"class":65},[55,46306,46307,46309,46311,46313,46315,46317],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,46308,62],{"class":61},[55,46310,66],{"class":65},[55,46312,1879],{"class":69},[55,46314,66],{"class":65},[55,46316,319],{"class":318},[55,46318,79],{"class":65},[55,46320,46321,46323,46325,46327,46329,46331],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,46322,62],{"class":61},[55,46324,66],{"class":65},[55,46326,41844],{"class":61},[55,46328,66],{"class":65},[55,46330,319],{"class":318},[55,46332,79],{"class":65},[14,46334,46335,46336,46338],{},"These help you inspect what ",[18,46337,1359],{}," actually returned:",[240,46340,46341,46346,46351],{},[243,46342,46343,46345],{},[18,46344,41892],{}," shows the value",[243,46347,46348,46350],{},[18,46349,41898],{}," shows the data type",[243,46352,46353,46355],{},[18,46354,41903],{}," shows hidden spaces and special characters",[14,46357,358],{},[46,46359,46361],{"className":48,"code":46360,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[18,46362,46363,46382,46392,46406],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,46364,46365,46367,46369,46371,46373,46375,46378,46380],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,46366,1654],{"class":902},[55,46368,906],{"class":703},[55,46370,1380],{"class":61},[55,46372,66],{"class":65},[55,46374,126],{"class":109},[55,46376,46377],{"class":129},"Enter something: ",[55,46379,126],{"class":109},[55,46381,322],{"class":65},[55,46383,46384,46386,46388,46390],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,46385,62],{"class":61},[55,46387,66],{"class":65},[55,46389,319],{"class":318},[55,46391,322],{"class":65},[55,46393,46394,46396,46398,46400,46402,46404],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,46395,62],{"class":61},[55,46397,66],{"class":65},[55,46399,1879],{"class":69},[55,46401,66],{"class":65},[55,46403,319],{"class":318},[55,46405,79],{"class":65},[55,46407,46408,46410,46412,46414,46416,46418],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,46409,62],{"class":61},[55,46411,66],{"class":65},[55,46413,41844],{"class":61},[55,46415,66],{"class":65},[55,46417,319],{"class":318},[55,46419,79],{"class":65},[44983,46421],{},[41,46423,2139],{"id":2138},[889,46425,12748,46427,46429],{"id":46426},"does-input-return-an-integer",[18,46428,1359],{}," return an integer?",[14,46431,46432,46433,46435,46436,39993],{},"No. ",[18,46434,1359],{}," always returns a string. Convert it with ",[18,46437,3180],{},[889,46439,46441,46442,2794],{"id":46440},"is-the-prompt-required-in-input","Is the prompt required in ",[18,46443,1359],{},[14,46445,46446,46447,46449],{},"No. You can call ",[18,46448,1359],{}," with no prompt, but prompts help users know what to type.",[889,46451,5444,46453,46456,46457,2794],{"id":46452},"why-does-2-3-not-work-correctly-with-input",[18,46454,46455],{},"2 + 3"," not work correctly with ",[18,46458,1359],{},[14,46460,29116,46461,46463,46464,42220,46466,46468],{},[18,46462,1359],{}," returns strings. ",[18,46465,45773],{},[18,46467,45777],{}," unless you convert both values to numbers.",[889,46470,46472],{"id":46471},"how-do-i-remove-spaces-from-input","How do I remove spaces from input?",[14,46474,212,46475,46477,46478,29],{},[18,46476,46037],{}," on the returned string, such as ",[18,46479,46480],{},"input(\"Name: \").strip()",[44983,46482],{},[41,46484,2193],{"id":2192},[240,46486,46487,46492,46496,46502,46508,46512],{},[243,46488,46489],{},[294,46490,46491],{"href":46259},"How to get user input in Python",[243,46493,46494],{},[294,46495,2219],{"href":2134},[243,46497,46498],{},[294,46499,3871,46500,3804],{"href":3177},[18,46501,3180],{},[243,46503,46504],{},[294,46505,3871,46506,3804],{"href":3183},[18,46507,3186],{},[243,46509,46510],{},[294,46511,45984],{"href":45983},[243,46513,46514],{},[294,46515,3871,46517,3804],{"href":46516},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained\u002F",[18,46518,46519],{},"print()",[2226,46521,46522],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":46524},[46525,46526,46528,46529,46531,46537,46545,46546,46547,46556],{"id":2307,"depth":82,"text":2308},{"id":44987,"depth":82,"text":46527},"What input() does",{"id":2459,"depth":82,"text":2460},{"id":45216,"depth":82,"text":46530},"What input() returns",{"id":45419,"depth":82,"text":45420,"children":46532},[46533,46534,46536],{"id":45423,"depth":98,"text":45424},{"id":45476,"depth":98,"text":46535},"Ask for age and convert it with int()",{"id":45547,"depth":98,"text":45548},{"id":45782,"depth":82,"text":45783,"children":46538},[46539,46541,46542,46544],{"id":45791,"depth":98,"text":46540},"Forgetting that input() returns a string",{"id":45859,"depth":98,"text":45860},{"id":45934,"depth":98,"text":46543},"Getting ValueError when converting invalid text to int()",{"id":45987,"depth":98,"text":45988},{"id":46079,"depth":82,"text":46080},{"id":1585,"depth":82,"text":1586},{"id":2138,"depth":82,"text":2139,"children":46548},[46549,46551,46553,46555],{"id":46426,"depth":98,"text":46550},"Does input() return an integer?",{"id":46440,"depth":98,"text":46552},"Is the prompt required in input()?",{"id":46452,"depth":98,"text":46554},"Why does 2 + 3 not work correctly with input()?",{"id":46471,"depth":98,"text":46472},{"id":2192,"depth":82,"text":2193},"Master python input function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained",{"title":42259,"description":46557},"reference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained","mgCYTLqY7_xdXYb-uIqvqqWNrZiPlmc9q8zaEr1fEyw",{"id":46564,"title":42161,"body":46565,"description":48878,"extension":2267,"meta":48879,"navigation":1121,"path":48880,"seo":48881,"stem":48882,"__hash__":48883},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":46566,"toc":48830},[46567,46572,46577,46582,46603,46606,46608,46668,46670,46689,46694,46699,46704,46706,46719,46721,46804,46806,46847,46853,46855,46885,46891,46894,46911,46913,46965,46967,46985,46991,46997,47000,47018,47020,47093,47095,47114,47121,47127,47132,47135,47195,47197,47216,47219,47222,47237,47243,47247,47308,47310,47331,47335,47464,47466,47596,47606,47612,47618,47626,47692,47694,47719,47722,47739,47752,47758,47761,47794,47796,47809,47812,47855,47857,47865,47872,47876,47883,47887,47914,47916,47924,47930,47947,47952,47956,47983,47985,47993,47997,48002,48005,48031,48034,48043,48051,48055,48065,48069,48072,48074,48125,48127,48157,48167,48194,48196,48204,48214,48218,48221,48223,48271,48273,48317,48323,48374,48376,48395,48400,48405,48408,48427,48430,48482,48484,48493,48495,48499,48503,48506,48515,48522,48524,48551,48555,48557,48566,48569,48576,48582,48642,48646,48648,48656,48659,48685,48691,48694,48714,48716,48725,48733,48735,48741,48746,48753,48763,48769,48777,48781,48784,48786,48827],[10,46568,3871,46570,3875],{"id":46569},"python-int-function-explained",[18,46571,3180],{},[14,46573,32374,46574,46576],{},[18,46575,3180],{}," function converts a value into an integer.",[14,46578,35465,46579,46581],{},[18,46580,3180],{}," when they want to:",[240,46583,46584,46594,46597,46600],{},[243,46585,46586,46587,46590,46591],{},"turn text like ",[18,46588,46589],{},"\"42\""," into the number ",[18,46592,46593],{},"42",[243,46595,46596],{},"convert user input into a whole number",[243,46598,46599],{},"remove the decimal part from a float",[243,46601,46602],{},"read numbers written in binary or hexadecimal",[14,46604,46605],{},"It is a built-in function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[41,46607,2308],{"id":2307},[46,46609,46611],{"className":48,"code":46610,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(int(\"42\"))\nprint(int(3.9))\nprint(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[18,46612,46613,46631,46645],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,46614,46615,46617,46619,46621,46623,46625,46627,46629],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,46616,62],{"class":61},[55,46618,66],{"class":65},[55,46620,2492],{"class":69},[55,46622,66],{"class":65},[55,46624,126],{"class":109},[55,46626,46593],{"class":129},[55,46628,126],{"class":109},[55,46630,79],{"class":65},[55,46632,46633,46635,46637,46639,46641,46643],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,46634,62],{"class":61},[55,46636,66],{"class":65},[55,46638,2492],{"class":69},[55,46640,66],{"class":65},[55,46642,42049],{"class":75},[55,46644,79],{"class":65},[55,46646,46647,46649,46651,46653,46655,46657,46660,46662,46664,46666],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,46648,62],{"class":61},[55,46650,66],{"class":65},[55,46652,2492],{"class":69},[55,46654,66],{"class":65},[55,46656,126],{"class":109},[55,46658,46659],{"class":129},"101",[55,46661,126],{"class":109},[55,46663,163],{"class":65},[55,46665,166],{"class":75},[55,46667,79],{"class":65},[14,46669,281],{},[46,46671,46673],{"className":48,"code":46672,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"42\n3\n5\n",[18,46674,46675,46680,46685],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,46676,46677],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,46678,46679],{"class":75},"42\n",[55,46681,46682],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,46683,46684],{"class":75},"3\n",[55,46686,46687],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,46688,3248],{"class":75},[14,46690,212,46691,46693],{},[18,46692,3180],{}," to convert a number-like value to an integer. Strings must contain a valid whole number unless you also provide a base.",[41,46695,3970,46697,3973],{"id":46696},"what-int-does",[18,46698,3180],{},[14,46700,46701,46703],{},[18,46702,3180],{}," converts a value into an integer.",[14,46705,13097],{},[240,46707,46708,46713,46716],{},[243,46709,46710,46711,438],{},"It can turn strings, floats, and booleans into ",[18,46712,2492],{},[243,46714,46715],{},"It returns a new integer value.",[243,46717,46718],{},"It does not change the original object.",[14,46720,358],{},[46,46722,46724],{"className":48,"code":46723,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"25\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[18,46725,46726,46738,46752,46756,46766,46776,46790],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,46727,46728,46730,46732,46734,46736],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,46729,34746],{"class":902},[55,46731,906],{"class":703},[55,46733,793],{"class":109},[55,46735,9230],{"class":129},[55,46737,1052],{"class":109},[55,46739,46740,46742,46744,46746,46748,46750],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,46741,2521],{"class":902},[55,46743,906],{"class":703},[55,46745,45343],{"class":69},[55,46747,66],{"class":65},[55,46749,34767],{"class":318},[55,46751,322],{"class":65},[55,46753,46754],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,46755,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,46757,46758,46760,46762,46764],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,46759,62],{"class":61},[55,46761,66],{"class":65},[55,46763,34767],{"class":318},[55,46765,322],{"class":65},[55,46767,46768,46770,46772,46774],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,46769,62],{"class":61},[55,46771,66],{"class":65},[55,46773,2544],{"class":318},[55,46775,322],{"class":65},[55,46777,46778,46780,46782,46784,46786,46788],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,46779,62],{"class":61},[55,46781,66],{"class":65},[55,46783,1879],{"class":69},[55,46785,66],{"class":65},[55,46787,34767],{"class":318},[55,46789,79],{"class":65},[55,46791,46792,46794,46796,46798,46800,46802],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,46793,62],{"class":61},[55,46795,66],{"class":65},[55,46797,1879],{"class":69},[55,46799,66],{"class":65},[55,46801,2544],{"class":318},[55,46803,79],{"class":65},[14,46805,281],{},[46,46807,46809],{"className":48,"code":46808,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[18,46810,46811,46815,46819,46833],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,46812,46813],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,46814,3012],{"class":75},[55,46816,46817],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,46818,3012],{"class":75},[55,46820,46821,46823,46825,46827,46829,46831],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,46822,1911],{"class":703},[55,46824,1915],{"class":1914},[55,46826,1918],{"class":109},[55,46828,3738],{"class":129},[55,46830,1923],{"class":109},[55,46832,1926],{"class":703},[55,46834,46835,46837,46839,46841,46843,46845],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,46836,1911],{"class":703},[55,46838,1915],{"class":1914},[55,46840,1918],{"class":109},[55,46842,2492],{"class":129},[55,46844,1923],{"class":109},[55,46846,1926],{"class":703},[14,46848,46849,46850,46852],{},"The original string stays a string. ",[18,46851,3180],{}," creates a new integer from it.",[41,46854,2460],{"id":2459},[46,46856,46858],{"className":48,"code":46857,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"int(x)\nint(x, base)\n",[18,46859,46860,46870],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,46861,46862,46864,46866,46868],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,46863,2492],{"class":69},[55,46865,66],{"class":65},[55,46867,2477],{"class":318},[55,46869,322],{"class":65},[55,46871,46872,46874,46876,46878,46880,46883],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,46873,2492],{"class":69},[55,46875,66],{"class":65},[55,46877,2477],{"class":318},[55,46879,163],{"class":65},[55,46881,46882],{"class":318}," base",[55,46884,322],{"class":65},[889,46886,46888],{"id":46887},"intx",[18,46889,46890],{},"int(x)",[14,46892,46893],{},"Use this form when you want to convert a value like:",[240,46895,46896,46901,46906],{},[243,46897,46898,46899],{},"a string such as ",[18,46900,42191],{},[243,46902,46903,46904],{},"a float such as ",[18,46905,42049],{},[243,46907,46908,46909],{},"a boolean such as ",[18,46910,24],{},[14,46912,358],{},[46,46914,46916],{"className":48,"code":46915,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(int(\"10\"))\nprint(int(8.7))\nprint(int(True))\n",[18,46917,46918,46936,46951],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,46919,46920,46922,46924,46926,46928,46930,46932,46934],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,46921,62],{"class":61},[55,46923,66],{"class":65},[55,46925,2492],{"class":69},[55,46927,66],{"class":65},[55,46929,126],{"class":109},[55,46931,376],{"class":129},[55,46933,126],{"class":109},[55,46935,79],{"class":65},[55,46937,46938,46940,46942,46944,46946,46949],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,46939,62],{"class":61},[55,46941,66],{"class":65},[55,46943,2492],{"class":69},[55,46945,66],{"class":65},[55,46947,46948],{"class":75},"8.7",[55,46950,79],{"class":65},[55,46952,46953,46955,46957,46959,46961,46963],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,46954,62],{"class":61},[55,46956,66],{"class":65},[55,46958,2492],{"class":69},[55,46960,66],{"class":65},[55,46962,24],{"class":187},[55,46964,79],{"class":65},[14,46966,281],{},[46,46968,46970],{"className":48,"code":46969,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"10\n8\n1\n",[18,46971,46972,46976,46980],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,46973,46974],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,46975,2680],{"class":75},[55,46977,46978],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,46979,2685],{"class":75},[55,46981,46982],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,46983,46984],{"class":75},"1\n",[889,46986,46988],{"id":46987},"intx-base",[18,46989,46990],{},"int(x, base)",[14,46992,46993,46994,46996],{},"Use this form when ",[18,46995,2477],{}," is a string that represents a number in another base.",[14,46998,46999],{},"Common bases:",[240,47001,47002,47007,47012],{},[243,47003,47004,47006],{},[18,47005,707],{}," for binary",[243,47008,47009,47011],{},[18,47010,2649],{}," for octal",[243,47013,47014,47017],{},[18,47015,47016],{},"16"," for hexadecimal",[14,47019,358],{},[46,47021,47023],{"className":48,"code":47022,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\nprint(int(\"17\", 8))\nprint(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[18,47024,47025,47047,47070],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,47026,47027,47029,47031,47033,47035,47037,47039,47041,47043,47045],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,47028,62],{"class":61},[55,47030,66],{"class":65},[55,47032,2492],{"class":69},[55,47034,66],{"class":65},[55,47036,126],{"class":109},[55,47038,46659],{"class":129},[55,47040,126],{"class":109},[55,47042,163],{"class":65},[55,47044,166],{"class":75},[55,47046,79],{"class":65},[55,47048,47049,47051,47053,47055,47057,47059,47062,47064,47066,47068],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,47050,62],{"class":61},[55,47052,66],{"class":65},[55,47054,2492],{"class":69},[55,47056,66],{"class":65},[55,47058,126],{"class":109},[55,47060,47061],{"class":129},"17",[55,47063,126],{"class":109},[55,47065,163],{"class":65},[55,47067,6636],{"class":75},[55,47069,79],{"class":65},[55,47071,47072,47074,47076,47078,47080,47082,47085,47087,47089,47091],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,47073,62],{"class":61},[55,47075,66],{"class":65},[55,47077,2492],{"class":69},[55,47079,66],{"class":65},[55,47081,126],{"class":109},[55,47083,47084],{"class":129},"1A",[55,47086,126],{"class":109},[55,47088,163],{"class":65},[55,47090,14034],{"class":75},[55,47092,79],{"class":65},[14,47094,281],{},[46,47096,47098],{"className":48,"code":47097,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"5\n15\n26\n",[18,47099,47100,47104,47109],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,47101,47102],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,47103,3248],{"class":75},[55,47105,47106],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,47107,47108],{"class":75},"15\n",[55,47110,47111],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,47112,47113],{"class":75},"26\n",[14,47115,47116,47117,29],{},"If you want to compare integer conversion with decimal conversion, see the ",[294,47118,47119,2607],{"href":3183},[18,47120,3186],{},[41,47122,1556,47124,47126],{"id":47123},"using-int-with-strings",[18,47125,3180],{}," with strings",[14,47128,47129,47131],{},[18,47130,3180],{}," works with strings that contain a valid integer.",[14,47133,47134],{},"Examples that work:",[46,47136,47138],{"className":48,"code":47137,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(int(\"5\"))\nprint(int(\"-12\"))\nprint(int(\"  42  \"))\n",[18,47139,47140,47158,47176],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,47141,47142,47144,47146,47148,47150,47152,47154,47156],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,47143,62],{"class":61},[55,47145,66],{"class":65},[55,47147,2492],{"class":69},[55,47149,66],{"class":65},[55,47151,126],{"class":109},[55,47153,688],{"class":129},[55,47155,126],{"class":109},[55,47157,79],{"class":65},[55,47159,47160,47162,47164,47166,47168,47170,47172,47174],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,47161,62],{"class":61},[55,47163,66],{"class":65},[55,47165,2492],{"class":69},[55,47167,66],{"class":65},[55,47169,126],{"class":109},[55,47171,2597],{"class":129},[55,47173,126],{"class":109},[55,47175,79],{"class":65},[55,47177,47178,47180,47182,47184,47186,47188,47191,47193],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,47179,62],{"class":61},[55,47181,66],{"class":65},[55,47183,2492],{"class":69},[55,47185,66],{"class":65},[55,47187,126],{"class":109},[55,47189,47190],{"class":129},"  42  ",[55,47192,126],{"class":109},[55,47194,79],{"class":65},[14,47196,281],{},[46,47198,47200],{"className":48,"code":47199,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"5\n-12\n42\n",[18,47201,47202,47206,47212],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,47203,47204],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,47205,3248],{"class":75},[55,47207,47208,47210],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,47209,704],{"class":703},[55,47211,2529],{"class":75},[55,47213,47214],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,47215,46679],{"class":75},[14,47217,47218],{},"This works because each string contains valid whole-number text. Leading and trailing spaces are usually allowed.",[14,47220,47221],{},"Examples that fail:",[46,47223,47225],{"className":48,"code":47224,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[18,47226,47227,47232],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,47228,47229],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,47230,47231],{"class":3956},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n",[55,47233,47234],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,47235,47236],{"class":3956},"# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[14,47238,47239,47240,47242],{},"These raise ",[18,47241,40768],{}," because the strings are not valid integer text.",[889,47244,47246],{"id":47245},"valid-string-examples","Valid string examples",[46,47248,47250],{"className":48,"code":47249,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(int(\"0\"))\nprint(int(\"+7\"))\nprint(int(\"-100\"))\n",[18,47251,47252,47270,47289],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,47253,47254,47256,47258,47260,47262,47264,47266,47268],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,47255,62],{"class":61},[55,47257,66],{"class":65},[55,47259,2492],{"class":69},[55,47261,66],{"class":65},[55,47263,126],{"class":109},[55,47265,76],{"class":129},[55,47267,126],{"class":109},[55,47269,79],{"class":65},[55,47271,47272,47274,47276,47278,47280,47282,47285,47287],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,47273,62],{"class":61},[55,47275,66],{"class":65},[55,47277,2492],{"class":69},[55,47279,66],{"class":65},[55,47281,126],{"class":109},[55,47283,47284],{"class":129},"+7",[55,47286,126],{"class":109},[55,47288,79],{"class":65},[55,47290,47291,47293,47295,47297,47299,47301,47304,47306],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,47292,62],{"class":61},[55,47294,66],{"class":65},[55,47296,2492],{"class":69},[55,47298,66],{"class":65},[55,47300,126],{"class":109},[55,47302,47303],{"class":129},"-100",[55,47305,126],{"class":109},[55,47307,79],{"class":65},[14,47309,281],{},[46,47311,47313],{"className":48,"code":47312,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"0\n7\n-100\n",[18,47314,47315,47320,47324],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,47316,47317],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,47318,47319],{"class":75},"0\n",[55,47321,47322],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,47323,2383],{"class":75},[55,47325,47326,47328],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,47327,704],{"class":703},[55,47329,47330],{"class":75},"100\n",[889,47332,47334],{"id":47333},"invalid-string-examples","Invalid string examples",[46,47336,47338],{"className":48,"code":47337,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = [\"3.14\", \"12abc\", \"\", \"seven\"]\n\nfor value in values:\n    try:\n        print(int(value))\n    except ValueError as error:\n        print(f\"{value!r} -> {error}\")\n",[18,47339,47340,47378,47382,47394,47401,47416,47431],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,47341,47342,47344,47346,47348,47350,47352,47354,47356,47358,47361,47363,47365,47367,47369,47371,47374,47376],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,47343,4110],{"class":902},[55,47345,906],{"class":703},[55,47347,909],{"class":65},[55,47349,126],{"class":109},[55,47351,40207],{"class":129},[55,47353,126],{"class":109},[55,47355,163],{"class":65},[55,47357,793],{"class":109},[55,47359,47360],{"class":129},"12abc",[55,47362,126],{"class":109},[55,47364,163],{"class":65},[55,47366,6405],{"class":109},[55,47368,163],{"class":65},[55,47370,793],{"class":109},[55,47372,47373],{"class":129},"seven",[55,47375,126],{"class":109},[55,47377,924],{"class":65},[55,47379,47380],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,47381,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,47383,47384,47386,47388,47390,47392],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,47385,6236],{"class":1193},[55,47387,21636],{"class":902},[55,47389,4168],{"class":1193},[55,47391,4171],{"class":902},[55,47393,1199],{"class":65},[55,47395,47396,47399],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,47397,47398],{"class":1193},"    try",[55,47400,1199],{"class":65},[55,47402,47403,47406,47408,47410,47412,47414],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,47404,47405],{"class":61},"        print",[55,47407,66],{"class":65},[55,47409,2492],{"class":69},[55,47411,66],{"class":65},[55,47413,319],{"class":318},[55,47415,79],{"class":65},[55,47417,47418,47421,47423,47426,47429],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,47419,47420],{"class":1193},"    except",[55,47422,41991],{"class":69},[55,47424,47425],{"class":1193}," as",[55,47427,47428],{"class":902}," error",[55,47430,1199],{"class":65},[55,47432,47433,47435,47437,47439,47441,47443,47445,47448,47450,47453,47455,47458,47460,47462],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,47434,47405],{"class":61},[55,47436,66],{"class":65},[55,47438,22346],{"class":1914},[55,47440,126],{"class":129},[55,47442,9315],{"class":75},[55,47444,319],{"class":318},[55,47446,47447],{"class":1914},"!r",[55,47449,22355],{"class":75},[55,47451,47452],{"class":129}," -> ",[55,47454,9315],{"class":75},[55,47456,47457],{"class":318},"error",[55,47459,22355],{"class":75},[55,47461,126],{"class":129},[55,47463,322],{"class":65},[14,47465,281],{},[46,47467,47469],{"className":48,"code":47468,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"'3.14' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n'12abc' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '12abc'\n'' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''\n'seven' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'seven'\n",[18,47470,47471,47507,47539,47564],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,47472,47473,47475,47477,47479,47482,47485,47487,47489,47491,47494,47497,47499,47501,47503,47505],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,47474,1923],{"class":43394},[55,47476,40207],{"class":43398},[55,47478,1923],{"class":43394},[55,47480,47481],{"class":37429}," ->",[55,47483,47484],{"class":902}," invalid literal ",[55,47486,6236],{"class":1193},[55,47488,45343],{"class":69},[55,47490,466],{"class":65},[55,47492,47493],{"class":1193}," with",[55,47495,47496],{"class":902}," base ",[55,47498,376],{"class":75},[55,47500,790],{"class":65},[55,47502,1918],{"class":109},[55,47504,40207],{"class":129},[55,47506,29755],{"class":109},[55,47508,47509,47511,47513,47515,47517,47519,47521,47523,47525,47527,47529,47531,47533,47535,47537],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,47510,1923],{"class":109},[55,47512,47360],{"class":129},[55,47514,1923],{"class":109},[55,47516,47481],{"class":37429},[55,47518,47484],{"class":902},[55,47520,6236],{"class":1193},[55,47522,45343],{"class":69},[55,47524,466],{"class":65},[55,47526,47493],{"class":1193},[55,47528,47496],{"class":902},[55,47530,376],{"class":75},[55,47532,790],{"class":65},[55,47534,1918],{"class":109},[55,47536,47360],{"class":129},[55,47538,29755],{"class":109},[55,47540,47541,47543,47545,47547,47549,47551,47553,47555,47557,47559,47561],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,47542,4065],{"class":109},[55,47544,47481],{"class":37429},[55,47546,47484],{"class":902},[55,47548,6236],{"class":1193},[55,47550,45343],{"class":69},[55,47552,466],{"class":65},[55,47554,47493],{"class":1193},[55,47556,47496],{"class":902},[55,47558,376],{"class":75},[55,47560,790],{"class":65},[55,47562,47563],{"class":109}," ''\n",[55,47565,47566,47568,47570,47572,47574,47576,47578,47580,47582,47584,47586,47588,47590,47592,47594],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,47567,1923],{"class":109},[55,47569,47373],{"class":129},[55,47571,1923],{"class":109},[55,47573,47481],{"class":37429},[55,47575,47484],{"class":902},[55,47577,6236],{"class":1193},[55,47579,45343],{"class":69},[55,47581,466],{"class":65},[55,47583,47493],{"class":1193},[55,47585,47496],{"class":902},[55,47587,376],{"class":75},[55,47589,790],{"class":65},[55,47591,1918],{"class":109},[55,47593,47373],{"class":129},[55,47595,29755],{"class":109},[14,47597,47598,47599,47601,47602,29],{},"If you are working with user input, see ",[294,47600,2135],{"href":2134}," and the ",[294,47603,47604,2607],{"href":1356},[18,47605,1359],{},[41,47607,1556,47609,47611],{"id":47608},"using-int-with-floats",[18,47610,3180],{}," with floats",[14,47613,47614,47615,47617],{},"When you pass a float to ",[18,47616,3180],{},", Python removes the decimal part.",[14,47619,47620,47621,14100,47623,47625],{},"Important: ",[18,47622,3180],{},[435,47624,4916],{}," round. It truncates toward zero.",[46,47627,47629],{"className":48,"code":47628,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(int(3.9))\nprint(int(3.1))\nprint(int(-3.9))\nprint(int(-3.1))\n",[18,47630,47631,47645,47660,47676],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,47632,47633,47635,47637,47639,47641,47643],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,47634,62],{"class":61},[55,47636,66],{"class":65},[55,47638,2492],{"class":69},[55,47640,66],{"class":65},[55,47642,42049],{"class":75},[55,47644,79],{"class":65},[55,47646,47647,47649,47651,47653,47655,47658],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,47648,62],{"class":61},[55,47650,66],{"class":65},[55,47652,2492],{"class":69},[55,47654,66],{"class":65},[55,47656,47657],{"class":75},"3.1",[55,47659,79],{"class":65},[55,47661,47662,47664,47666,47668,47670,47672,47674],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,47663,62],{"class":61},[55,47665,66],{"class":65},[55,47667,2492],{"class":69},[55,47669,66],{"class":65},[55,47671,704],{"class":703},[55,47673,42049],{"class":75},[55,47675,79],{"class":65},[55,47677,47678,47680,47682,47684,47686,47688,47690],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,47679,62],{"class":61},[55,47681,66],{"class":65},[55,47683,2492],{"class":69},[55,47685,66],{"class":65},[55,47687,704],{"class":703},[55,47689,47657],{"class":75},[55,47691,79],{"class":65},[14,47693,281],{},[46,47695,47697],{"className":48,"code":47696,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"3\n3\n-3\n-3\n",[18,47698,47699,47703,47707,47713],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,47700,47701],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,47702,46684],{"class":75},[55,47704,47705],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,47706,46684],{"class":75},[55,47708,47709,47711],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,47710,704],{"class":703},[55,47712,46684],{"class":75},[55,47714,47715,47717],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,47716,704],{"class":703},[55,47718,46684],{"class":75},[14,47720,47721],{},"This behavior matters with negative numbers.",[240,47723,47724,47731],{},[243,47725,47726,42220,47729],{},[18,47727,47728],{},"int(3.9)",[18,47730,2366],{},[243,47732,47733,42220,47736],{},[18,47734,47735],{},"int(-3.9)",[18,47737,47738],{},"-3",[14,47740,47741,47742,47746,47747,29],{},"If you want decimal conversion instead, use ",[294,47743,47744],{"href":3183},[18,47745,3186],{},". If you want text conversion, use ",[294,47748,47749],{"href":42240},[18,47750,47751],{},"str()",[41,47753,1556,47755,47757],{"id":47754},"using-int-with-booleans",[18,47756,3180],{}," with booleans",[14,47759,47760],{},"Booleans can also be converted to integers.",[46,47762,47764],{"className":48,"code":47763,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(int(True))\nprint(int(False))\n",[18,47765,47766,47780],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,47767,47768,47770,47772,47774,47776,47778],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,47769,62],{"class":61},[55,47771,66],{"class":65},[55,47773,2492],{"class":69},[55,47775,66],{"class":65},[55,47777,24],{"class":187},[55,47779,79],{"class":65},[55,47781,47782,47784,47786,47788,47790,47792],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,47783,62],{"class":61},[55,47785,66],{"class":65},[55,47787,2492],{"class":69},[55,47789,66],{"class":65},[55,47791,28],{"class":187},[55,47793,79],{"class":65},[14,47795,281],{},[46,47797,47799],{"className":48,"code":47798,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"1\n0\n",[18,47800,47801,47805],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,47802,47803],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,47804,46984],{"class":75},[55,47806,47807],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,47808,47319],{"class":75},[14,47810,47811],{},"This can be useful in simple counting logic:",[46,47813,47815],{"className":48,"code":47814,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"passed = True\ntotal = int(passed)\n\nprint(total)\n",[18,47816,47817,47826,47841,47845],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,47818,47819,47822,47824],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,47820,47821],{"class":902},"passed ",[55,47823,906],{"class":703},[55,47825,6698],{"class":187},[55,47827,47828,47830,47832,47834,47836,47839],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,47829,41247],{"class":902},[55,47831,906],{"class":703},[55,47833,45343],{"class":69},[55,47835,66],{"class":65},[55,47837,47838],{"class":318},"passed",[55,47840,322],{"class":65},[55,47842,47843],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,47844,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,47846,47847,47849,47851,47853],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,47848,62],{"class":61},[55,47850,66],{"class":65},[55,47852,41276],{"class":318},[55,47854,322],{"class":65},[14,47856,281],{},[46,47858,47859],{"className":48,"code":46984,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,47860,47861],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,47862,47863],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,47864,46984],{"class":75},[14,47866,47867,47868,29],{},"If you want to learn more about boolean values, see the ",[294,47869,47870,2607],{"href":6058},[18,47871,20],{},[41,47873,47875],{"id":47874},"using-the-base-argument","Using the base argument",[14,47877,47878,47879,47882],{},"Use the ",[18,47880,47881],{},"base"," argument when a string represents a number in a different number system.",[889,47884,47886],{"id":47885},"binary-example","Binary example",[46,47888,47890],{"className":48,"code":47889,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[18,47891,47892],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,47893,47894,47896,47898,47900,47902,47904,47906,47908,47910,47912],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,47895,62],{"class":61},[55,47897,66],{"class":65},[55,47899,2492],{"class":69},[55,47901,66],{"class":65},[55,47903,126],{"class":109},[55,47905,46659],{"class":129},[55,47907,126],{"class":109},[55,47909,163],{"class":65},[55,47911,166],{"class":75},[55,47913,79],{"class":65},[14,47915,281],{},[46,47917,47918],{"className":48,"code":3248,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,47919,47920],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,47921,47922],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,47923,3248],{"class":75},[14,47925,47926,47929],{},[18,47927,47928],{},"\"101\""," in binary means:",[240,47931,47932,47937,47942],{},[243,47933,47934],{},[18,47935,47936],{},"1 × 4",[243,47938,47939],{},[18,47940,47941],{},"0 × 2",[243,47943,47944],{},[18,47945,47946],{},"1 × 1",[14,47948,47949,47950,29],{},"So the result is ",[18,47951,688],{},[889,47953,47955],{"id":47954},"hexadecimal-example","Hexadecimal example",[46,47957,47959],{"className":48,"code":47958,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[18,47960,47961],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,47962,47963,47965,47967,47969,47971,47973,47975,47977,47979,47981],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,47964,62],{"class":61},[55,47966,66],{"class":65},[55,47968,2492],{"class":69},[55,47970,66],{"class":65},[55,47972,126],{"class":109},[55,47974,47084],{"class":129},[55,47976,126],{"class":109},[55,47978,163],{"class":65},[55,47980,14034],{"class":75},[55,47982,79],{"class":65},[14,47984,281],{},[46,47986,47987],{"className":48,"code":47113,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,47988,47989],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,47990,47991],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,47992,47113],{"class":75},[889,47994,47996],{"id":47995},"important-rule","Important rule",[14,47998,16,47999,48001],{},[18,48000,47881],{}," argument is for string-like input, not normal numeric values.",[14,48003,48004],{},"Good:",[46,48006,48007],{"className":48,"code":47889,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,48008,48009],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,48010,48011,48013,48015,48017,48019,48021,48023,48025,48027,48029],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,48012,62],{"class":61},[55,48014,66],{"class":65},[55,48016,2492],{"class":69},[55,48018,66],{"class":65},[55,48020,126],{"class":109},[55,48022,46659],{"class":129},[55,48024,126],{"class":109},[55,48026,163],{"class":65},[55,48028,166],{"class":75},[55,48030,79],{"class":65},[14,48032,48033],{},"Not correct:",[46,48035,48037],{"className":48,"code":48036,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"# int(101, 2)\n",[18,48038,48039],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,48040,48041],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,48042,48036],{"class":3956},[14,48044,48045,48046,1747,48048,48050],{},"That causes a ",[18,48047,3303],{},[18,48049,47881],{}," should not be used with a normal integer value.",[41,48052,48054],{"id":48053},"what-errors-can-happen","What errors can happen",[14,48056,48057,48058,48060,48061,4679,48063,29],{},"Two common errors with ",[18,48059,3180],{}," are ",[18,48062,40768],{},[18,48064,3303],{},[889,48066,48067],{"id":41578},[18,48068,40768],{},[14,48070,48071],{},"This happens when a string is not a valid integer.",[14,48073,358],{},[46,48075,48077],{"className":48,"code":48076,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"try:\n    print(int(\"3.14\"))\nexcept ValueError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[18,48078,48079,48085,48103,48115],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,48080,48081,48083],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,48082,29859],{"class":1193},[55,48084,1199],{"class":65},[55,48086,48087,48089,48091,48093,48095,48097,48099,48101],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,48088,1204],{"class":61},[55,48090,66],{"class":65},[55,48092,2492],{"class":69},[55,48094,66],{"class":65},[55,48096,126],{"class":109},[55,48098,40207],{"class":129},[55,48100,126],{"class":109},[55,48102,79],{"class":65},[55,48104,48105,48107,48109,48111,48113],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,48106,29890],{"class":1193},[55,48108,41991],{"class":69},[55,48110,47425],{"class":1193},[55,48112,47428],{"class":902},[55,48114,1199],{"class":65},[55,48116,48117,48119,48121,48123],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,48118,1204],{"class":61},[55,48120,66],{"class":65},[55,48122,47457],{"class":318},[55,48124,322],{"class":65},[14,48126,281],{},[46,48128,48130],{"className":48,"code":48129,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n",[18,48131,48132],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,48133,48134,48137,48139,48141,48143,48145,48147,48149,48151,48153,48155],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,48135,48136],{"class":902},"invalid literal ",[55,48138,6236],{"class":1193},[55,48140,45343],{"class":69},[55,48142,466],{"class":65},[55,48144,47493],{"class":1193},[55,48146,47496],{"class":902},[55,48148,376],{"class":75},[55,48150,790],{"class":65},[55,48152,1918],{"class":109},[55,48154,40207],{"class":129},[55,48156,29755],{"class":109},[14,48158,48159,48160,48163,48164,48166],{},"A decimal string like ",[18,48161,48162],{},"\"3.14\""," does not work directly with ",[18,48165,3180],{},". You need to convert it to a float first:",[46,48168,48170],{"className":48,"code":48169,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(int(float(\"3.14\")))\n",[18,48171,48172],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,48173,48174,48176,48178,48180,48182,48184,48186,48188,48190,48192],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,48175,62],{"class":61},[55,48177,66],{"class":65},[55,48179,2492],{"class":69},[55,48181,66],{"class":65},[55,48183,2496],{"class":69},[55,48185,66],{"class":65},[55,48187,126],{"class":109},[55,48189,40207],{"class":129},[55,48191,126],{"class":109},[55,48193,769],{"class":65},[14,48195,281],{},[46,48197,48198],{"className":48,"code":46684,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,48199,48200],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,48201,48202],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,48203,46684],{"class":75},[14,48205,48206,48207,4679,48210,29],{},"If you see this often, read ",[294,48208,48209],{"href":3262},"how to convert string to int in Python",[294,48211,25733,48212],{"href":45983},[18,48213,45984],{},[889,48215,48216],{"id":41644},[18,48217,3303],{},[14,48219,48220],{},"This can happen with unsupported input types.",[14,48222,358],{},[46,48224,48226],{"className":48,"code":48225,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"try:\n    print(int(None))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[18,48227,48228,48234,48248,48261],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,48229,48230,48232],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,48231,29859],{"class":1193},[55,48233,1199],{"class":65},[55,48235,48236,48238,48240,48242,48244,48246],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,48237,1204],{"class":61},[55,48239,66],{"class":65},[55,48241,2492],{"class":69},[55,48243,66],{"class":65},[55,48245,481],{"class":187},[55,48247,79],{"class":65},[55,48249,48250,48252,48255,48257,48259],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,48251,29890],{"class":1193},[55,48253,48254],{"class":69}," TypeError",[55,48256,47425],{"class":1193},[55,48258,47428],{"class":902},[55,48260,1199],{"class":65},[55,48262,48263,48265,48267,48269],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,48264,1204],{"class":61},[55,48266,66],{"class":65},[55,48268,47457],{"class":318},[55,48270,322],{"class":65},[14,48272,281],{},[46,48274,48276],{"className":48,"code":48275,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a real number, not 'NoneType'\n",[18,48277,48278],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,48279,48280,48282,48284,48287,48289,48291,48294,48296,48299,48301,48304,48306,48308,48310,48312,48315],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,48281,2492],{"class":69},[55,48283,466],{"class":65},[55,48285,48286],{"class":902}," argument must be a string",[55,48288,163],{"class":65},[55,48290,44611],{"class":902},[55,48292,48293],{"class":69},"bytes",[55,48295,704],{"class":703},[55,48297,48298],{"class":902},"like ",[55,48300,42464],{"class":69},[55,48302,48303],{"class":703}," or",[55,48305,40904],{"class":902},[55,48307,163],{"class":65},[55,48309,1235],{"class":703},[55,48311,1918],{"class":109},[55,48313,48314],{"class":129},"NoneType",[55,48316,29755],{"class":109},[14,48318,48319,48320,48322],{},"Another example is using the ",[18,48321,47881],{}," argument with a non-string numeric value:",[46,48324,48326],{"className":48,"code":48325,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"try:\n    print(int(101, 2))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[18,48327,48328,48334,48352,48364],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,48329,48330,48332],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,48331,29859],{"class":1193},[55,48333,1199],{"class":65},[55,48335,48336,48338,48340,48342,48344,48346,48348,48350],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,48337,1204],{"class":61},[55,48339,66],{"class":65},[55,48341,2492],{"class":69},[55,48343,66],{"class":65},[55,48345,46659],{"class":75},[55,48347,163],{"class":65},[55,48349,166],{"class":75},[55,48351,79],{"class":65},[55,48353,48354,48356,48358,48360,48362],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,48355,29890],{"class":1193},[55,48357,48254],{"class":69},[55,48359,47425],{"class":1193},[55,48361,47428],{"class":902},[55,48363,1199],{"class":65},[55,48365,48366,48368,48370,48372],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,48367,1204],{"class":61},[55,48369,66],{"class":65},[55,48371,47457],{"class":318},[55,48373,322],{"class":65},[14,48375,281],{},[46,48377,48379],{"className":48,"code":48378,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"int() can't convert non-string with explicit base\n",[18,48380,48381],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,48382,48383,48385,48387,48390,48392],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,48384,2492],{"class":69},[55,48386,466],{"class":65},[55,48388,48389],{"class":902}," can",[55,48391,1923],{"class":109},[55,48393,48394],{"class":129},"t convert non-string with explicit base\n",[41,48396,5247,48398],{"id":48397},"when-to-use-int",[18,48399,3180],{},[14,48401,212,48402,48404],{},[18,48403,3180],{}," when you need a whole number.",[14,48406,48407],{},"Common uses:",[240,48409,48410,48416,48419,48422],{},[243,48411,48412,48413,48415],{},"Convert user input from ",[18,48414,1359],{}," into integers",[243,48417,48418],{},"Turn float results into integers when truncation is acceptable",[243,48420,48421],{},"Parse numeric strings from files or APIs",[243,48423,48424,48425,36677],{},"Convert binary or hexadecimal strings with the ",[18,48426,47881],{},[14,48428,48429],{},"Example with user input:",[46,48431,48433],{"className":48,"code":48432,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"age_text = \"18\"\nage = int(age_text)\n\nprint(age + 1)\n",[18,48434,48435,48449,48464,48468],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,48436,48437,48440,48442,48444,48447],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,48438,48439],{"class":902},"age_text ",[55,48441,906],{"class":703},[55,48443,793],{"class":109},[55,48445,48446],{"class":129},"18",[55,48448,1052],{"class":109},[55,48450,48451,48453,48455,48457,48459,48462],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,48452,21680],{"class":902},[55,48454,906],{"class":703},[55,48456,45343],{"class":69},[55,48458,66],{"class":65},[55,48460,48461],{"class":318},"age_text",[55,48463,322],{"class":65},[55,48465,48466],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,48467,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,48469,48470,48472,48474,48476,48478,48480],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,48471,62],{"class":61},[55,48473,66],{"class":65},[55,48475,21680],{"class":318},[55,48477,2363],{"class":703},[55,48479,5782],{"class":75},[55,48481,322],{"class":65},[14,48483,281],{},[46,48485,48487],{"className":48,"code":48486,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"19\n",[18,48488,48489],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,48490,48491],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,48492,48486],{"class":75},[41,48494,1586],{"id":1585},[14,48496,14780,48497,29],{},[18,48498,3180],{},[889,48500,48502],{"id":48501},"passing-a-string-with-decimal-text","Passing a string with decimal text",[14,48504,48505],{},"This fails:",[46,48507,48509],{"className":48,"code":48508,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"# int(\"4.5\")\n",[18,48510,48511],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,48512,48513],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,48514,48508],{"class":3956},[14,48516,48517,48518,48521],{},"Why: ",[18,48519,48520],{},"\"4.5\""," is not an integer string.",[14,48523,18891],{},[46,48525,48527],{"className":48,"code":48526,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(int(float(\"4.5\")))\n",[18,48528,48529],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,48530,48531,48533,48535,48537,48539,48541,48543,48545,48547,48549],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,48532,62],{"class":61},[55,48534,66],{"class":65},[55,48536,2492],{"class":69},[55,48538,66],{"class":65},[55,48540,2496],{"class":69},[55,48542,66],{"class":65},[55,48544,126],{"class":109},[55,48546,41188],{"class":129},[55,48548,126],{"class":109},[55,48550,769],{"class":65},[889,48552,48554],{"id":48553},"passing-text-with-letters","Passing text with letters",[14,48556,48505],{},[46,48558,48560],{"className":48,"code":48559,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"# int(\"12abc\")\n",[18,48561,48562],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,48563,48564],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,48565,48559],{"class":3956},[14,48567,48568],{},"Why: the string contains non-numeric characters.",[889,48570,48572,48573],{"id":48571},"trying-intnone","Trying ",[18,48574,48575],{},"int(None)",[14,48577,48578,48579,48581],{},"This fails because ",[18,48580,481],{}," is not a number or numeric string.",[46,48583,48585],{"className":48,"code":48584,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = None\n\ntry:\n    print(int(value))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[18,48586,48587,48596,48600,48606,48620,48632],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,48588,48589,48591,48593],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,48590,1654],{"class":902},[55,48592,906],{"class":703},[55,48594,48595],{"class":187}," None\n",[55,48597,48598],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,48599,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,48601,48602,48604],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,48603,29859],{"class":1193},[55,48605,1199],{"class":65},[55,48607,48608,48610,48612,48614,48616,48618],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,48609,1204],{"class":61},[55,48611,66],{"class":65},[55,48613,2492],{"class":69},[55,48615,66],{"class":65},[55,48617,319],{"class":318},[55,48619,79],{"class":65},[55,48621,48622,48624,48626,48628,48630],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,48623,29890],{"class":1193},[55,48625,48254],{"class":69},[55,48627,47425],{"class":1193},[55,48629,47428],{"class":902},[55,48631,1199],{"class":65},[55,48633,48634,48636,48638,48640],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,48635,1204],{"class":61},[55,48637,66],{"class":65},[55,48639,47457],{"class":318},[55,48641,322],{"class":65},[889,48643,48645],{"id":48644},"using-the-base-argument-with-a-non-string","Using the base argument with a non-string",[14,48647,48505],{},[46,48649,48650],{"className":48,"code":48036,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,48651,48652],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,48653,48654],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,48655,48036],{"class":3956},[14,48657,48658],{},"Use a string instead:",[46,48660,48661],{"className":48,"code":47889,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,48662,48663],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,48664,48665,48667,48669,48671,48673,48675,48677,48679,48681,48683],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,48666,62],{"class":61},[55,48668,66],{"class":65},[55,48670,2492],{"class":69},[55,48672,66],{"class":65},[55,48674,126],{"class":109},[55,48676,46659],{"class":129},[55,48678,126],{"class":109},[55,48680,163],{"class":65},[55,48682,166],{"class":75},[55,48684,79],{"class":65},[889,48686,1595,48688,48690],{"id":48687},"expecting-int-to-round",[18,48689,3180],{}," to round",[14,48692,48693],{},"This is a very common misunderstanding.",[46,48695,48697],{"className":48,"code":48696,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(int(4.9))\n",[18,48698,48699],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,48700,48701,48703,48705,48707,48709,48712],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,48702,62],{"class":61},[55,48704,66],{"class":65},[55,48706,2492],{"class":69},[55,48708,66],{"class":65},[55,48710,48711],{"class":75},"4.9",[55,48713,79],{"class":65},[14,48715,281],{},[46,48717,48719],{"className":48,"code":48718,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"4\n",[18,48720,48721],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,48722,48723],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,48724,48718],{"class":75},[14,48726,3468,48727,48729,48730,48732],{},[18,48728,688],{},", remember that ",[18,48731,3180],{}," truncates. It does not round.",[41,48734,2139],{"id":2138},[889,48736,12748,48738,48740],{"id":48737},"does-int-round-numbers",[18,48739,3180],{}," round numbers?",[14,48742,46432,48743,48745],{},[18,48744,3180],{}," removes the decimal part. It does not round to the nearest whole number.",[889,48747,5444,48749,48752],{"id":48748},"why-does-int314-fail",[18,48750,48751],{},"int(\"3.14\")"," fail?",[14,48754,29116,48755,48757,48758,48760,48761,39993],{},[18,48756,48162],{}," is not an integer string. Convert it with ",[18,48759,3186],{}," first, then use ",[18,48762,3180],{},[889,48764,5429,48766,12760],{"id":48765},"what-does-inttrue-return",[18,48767,48768],{},"int(True)",[14,48770,2157,48771,28368,48773,42220,48775,29],{},[18,48772,93],{},[18,48774,28],{},[18,48776,76],{},[889,48778,48780],{"id":48779},"when-should-i-use-the-base-argument","When should I use the base argument?",[14,48782,48783],{},"Use it when the input string is written in another base, such as binary or hexadecimal.",[41,48785,2193],{"id":2192},[240,48787,48788,48794,48800,48806,48811,48815,48821],{},[243,48789,48790],{},[294,48791,48792,3804],{"href":3183},[18,48793,3186],{},[243,48795,48796],{},[294,48797,48798,3804],{"href":42240},[18,48799,47751],{},[243,48801,48802],{},[294,48803,48804,3804],{"href":6058},[18,48805,20],{},[243,48807,48808],{},[294,48809,48810],{"href":3262},"How to convert string to int in Python",[243,48812,48813],{},[294,48814,2219],{"href":2134},[243,48816,48817],{},[294,48818,48819,3804],{"href":1356},[18,48820,1359],{},[243,48822,48823],{},[294,48824,30403,48825],{"href":45983},[18,48826,45984],{},[2226,48828,48829],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":48831},[48832,48833,48835,48839,48844,48846,48848,48853,48857,48859,48868,48877],{"id":2307,"depth":82,"text":2308},{"id":46696,"depth":82,"text":48834},"What int() does",{"id":2459,"depth":82,"text":2460,"children":48836},[48837,48838],{"id":46887,"depth":98,"text":46890},{"id":46987,"depth":98,"text":46990},{"id":47123,"depth":82,"text":48840,"children":48841},"Using int() with strings",[48842,48843],{"id":47245,"depth":98,"text":47246},{"id":47333,"depth":98,"text":47334},{"id":47608,"depth":82,"text":48845},"Using int() with floats",{"id":47754,"depth":82,"text":48847},"Using int() with booleans",{"id":47874,"depth":82,"text":47875,"children":48849},[48850,48851,48852],{"id":47885,"depth":98,"text":47886},{"id":47954,"depth":98,"text":47955},{"id":47995,"depth":98,"text":47996},{"id":48053,"depth":82,"text":48054,"children":48854},[48855,48856],{"id":41578,"depth":98,"text":40768},{"id":41644,"depth":98,"text":3303},{"id":48397,"depth":82,"text":48858},"When to use int()",{"id":1585,"depth":82,"text":1586,"children":48860},[48861,48862,48863,48865,48866],{"id":48501,"depth":98,"text":48502},{"id":48553,"depth":98,"text":48554},{"id":48571,"depth":98,"text":48864},"Trying int(None)",{"id":48644,"depth":98,"text":48645},{"id":48687,"depth":98,"text":48867},"Expecting int() to round",{"id":2138,"depth":82,"text":2139,"children":48869},[48870,48872,48874,48876],{"id":48737,"depth":98,"text":48871},"Does int() round numbers?",{"id":48748,"depth":98,"text":48873},"Why does int(\"3.14\") fail?",{"id":48765,"depth":98,"text":48875},"What does int(True) return?",{"id":48779,"depth":98,"text":48780},{"id":2192,"depth":82,"text":2193},"Master python int function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained",{"title":42161,"description":48878},"reference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained","kWr352mNCnbYYS6Ka2UotgJ1vPfx2o66tzsvdXJo79A",{"id":48885,"title":48886,"body":48887,"description":50723,"extension":2267,"meta":50724,"navigation":1121,"path":44869,"seo":50725,"stem":50726,"__hash__":50727},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained.md","Python isinstance() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":48888,"toc":50679},[48889,48894,48899,48907,48916,48918,48977,48983,48988,48993,48996,49024,49027,49030,49041,49051,49053,49055,49075,49079,49107,49109,49148,49150,49158,49160,49163,49167,49220,49222,49234,49238,49295,49297,49309,49315,49321,49325,49328,49331,49397,49399,49411,49417,49419,49471,49474,49515,49518,49525,49534,49540,49543,49576,49582,49585,49616,49622,49625,49637,49641,49646,49650,49808,49810,49825,49828,49832,49936,49938,49955,49959,50020,50022,50030,50033,50037,50104,50106,50115,50121,50123,50132,50134,50169,50174,50176,50206,50210,50212,50249,50252,50254,50291,50297,50299,50349,50351,50359,50369,50375,50379,50384,50433,50435,50448,50451,50453,50456,50531,50534,50553,50556,50586,50596,50598,50603,50610,50616,50622,50629,50637,50643,50646,50648,50676],[10,48890,3871,48892,3875],{"id":48891},"python-isinstance-function-explained",[18,48893,44872],{},[14,48895,48896,48898],{},[18,48897,44872],{}," checks whether a value matches a type.",[14,48900,48901,48902,25,48904,48906],{},"It is a built-in Python function that returns either ",[18,48903,24],{},[18,48905,28],{},". It is often used before running code that depends on a value being a string, number, list, tuple, or dictionary.",[14,48908,48909,48910,48912,48913,48915],{},"In many cases, ",[18,48911,44872],{}," is a better choice than checking ",[18,48914,2606],{}," directly because it also works with parent and child types.",[41,48917,44],{"id":43},[46,48919,48921],{"className":48,"code":48920,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = 10\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))   # True\nprint(isinstance(value, str))   # False\n",[18,48922,48923,48931,48935,48956],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,48924,48925,48927,48929],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,48926,1654],{"class":902},[55,48928,906],{"class":703},[55,48930,2890],{"class":75},[55,48932,48933],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,48934,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,48936,48937,48939,48941,48944,48946,48948,48950,48952,48954],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,48938,62],{"class":61},[55,48940,66],{"class":65},[55,48942,48943],{"class":61},"isinstance",[55,48945,66],{"class":65},[55,48947,319],{"class":318},[55,48949,163],{"class":65},[55,48951,45343],{"class":69},[55,48953,5645],{"class":65},[55,48955,43921],{"class":3956},[55,48957,48958,48960,48962,48964,48966,48968,48970,48973,48975],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,48959,62],{"class":61},[55,48961,66],{"class":65},[55,48963,48943],{"class":61},[55,48965,66],{"class":65},[55,48967,319],{"class":318},[55,48969,163],{"class":65},[55,48971,48972],{"class":69}," str",[55,48974,5645],{"class":65},[55,48976,43938],{"class":3956},[14,48978,212,48979,48982],{},[18,48980,48981],{},"isinstance(object, classinfo)"," to check whether a value matches a type or one of its parent types.",[41,48984,3970,48986,3973],{"id":48985},"what-isinstance-does",[18,48987,44872],{},[14,48989,48990,48992],{},[18,48991,44872],{}," is used to test a value against a type.",[14,48994,48995],{},"It:",[240,48997,48998,49001,49007,49010],{},[243,48999,49000],{},"Checks whether a value is an instance of a type",[243,49002,11465,49003,25,49005],{},[18,49004,24],{},[18,49006,28],{},[243,49008,49009],{},"Helps you safely run type-specific code",[243,49011,49012,49013,2493,49015,2493,49017,2493,49019,17121,49022],{},"Is commonly used with ",[18,49014,3738],{},[18,49016,2492],{},[18,49018,1229],{},[18,49020,49021],{},"tuple",[18,49023,1975],{},[14,49025,49026],{},"This is useful when your code needs to behave differently for different kinds of data.",[14,49028,49029],{},"For example, you might want to:",[240,49031,49032,49035,49038],{},[243,49033,49034],{},"loop through a list",[243,49036,49037],{},"join text only if a value is a string",[243,49039,49040],{},"do math only if a value is a number",[14,49042,49043,49044,25,49047,29],{},"If you need a refresher on Python types, see ",[294,49045,44864],{"href":49046},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview\u002F",[294,49048,49050],{"href":49049},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-data-type-in-python\u002F","what a data type means in Python",[41,49052,2460],{"id":2459},[14,49054,2463],{},[46,49056,49058],{"className":48,"code":49057,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"isinstance(object, classinfo)\n",[18,49059,49060],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,49061,49062,49064,49066,49068,49070,49073],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,49063,48943],{"class":61},[55,49065,66],{"class":65},[55,49067,42464],{"class":69},[55,49069,163],{"class":65},[55,49071,49072],{"class":318}," classinfo",[55,49074,322],{"class":65},[889,49076,49078],{"id":49077},"parts-of-the-syntax","Parts of the syntax",[240,49080,49081,49086,49100],{},[243,49082,49083,49085],{},[18,49084,42464],{}," is the value you want to test",[243,49087,49088,49091,49092,2493,49094,2493,49096,2497,49098],{},[18,49089,49090],{},"classinfo"," is the type to check against, such as ",[18,49093,2492],{},[18,49095,3738],{},[18,49097,1229],{},[18,49099,1975],{},[243,49101,49102,49103,25,49105],{},"The result is always a Boolean value: ",[18,49104,24],{},[18,49106,28],{},[14,49108,358],{},[46,49110,49112],{"className":48,"code":49111,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name = \"Maya\"\n\nprint(isinstance(name, str))\n",[18,49113,49114,49126,49130],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,49115,49116,49118,49120,49122,49124],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,49117,1004],{"class":902},[55,49119,906],{"class":703},[55,49121,793],{"class":109},[55,49123,11551],{"class":129},[55,49125,1052],{"class":109},[55,49127,49128],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,49129,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,49131,49132,49134,49136,49138,49140,49142,49144,49146],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,49133,62],{"class":61},[55,49135,66],{"class":65},[55,49137,48943],{"class":61},[55,49139,66],{"class":65},[55,49141,785],{"class":318},[55,49143,163],{"class":65},[55,49145,48972],{"class":69},[55,49147,79],{"class":65},[14,49149,281],{},[46,49151,49152],{"className":48,"code":193,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,49153,49154],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,49155,49156],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,49157,193],{"class":187},[41,49159,11517],{"id":11516},[14,49161,49162],{},"Here is a small example that checks one value at a time.",[889,49164,49166],{"id":49165},"check-an-integer","Check an integer",[46,49168,49170],{"className":48,"code":49169,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = 25\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\n",[18,49171,49172,49180,49184,49202],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,49173,49174,49176,49178],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,49175,1654],{"class":902},[55,49177,906],{"class":703},[55,49179,45292],{"class":75},[55,49181,49182],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,49183,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,49185,49186,49188,49190,49192,49194,49196,49198,49200],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,49187,62],{"class":61},[55,49189,66],{"class":65},[55,49191,48943],{"class":61},[55,49193,66],{"class":65},[55,49195,319],{"class":318},[55,49197,163],{"class":65},[55,49199,45343],{"class":69},[55,49201,79],{"class":65},[55,49203,49204,49206,49208,49210,49212,49214,49216,49218],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,49205,62],{"class":61},[55,49207,66],{"class":65},[55,49209,48943],{"class":61},[55,49211,66],{"class":65},[55,49213,319],{"class":318},[55,49215,163],{"class":65},[55,49217,48972],{"class":69},[55,49219,79],{"class":65},[14,49221,281],{},[46,49223,49224],{"className":48,"code":44240,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,49225,49226,49230],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,49227,49228],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,49229,193],{"class":187},[55,49231,49232],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,49233,188],{"class":187},[889,49235,49237],{"id":49236},"check-text","Check text",[46,49239,49241],{"className":48,"code":49240,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(isinstance(text, str))\nprint(isinstance(text, int))\n",[18,49242,49243,49255,49259,49277],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,49244,49245,49247,49249,49251,49253],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,49246,34746],{"class":902},[55,49248,906],{"class":703},[55,49250,793],{"class":109},[55,49252,130],{"class":129},[55,49254,1052],{"class":109},[55,49256,49257],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,49258,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,49260,49261,49263,49265,49267,49269,49271,49273,49275],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,49262,62],{"class":61},[55,49264,66],{"class":65},[55,49266,48943],{"class":61},[55,49268,66],{"class":65},[55,49270,34767],{"class":318},[55,49272,163],{"class":65},[55,49274,48972],{"class":69},[55,49276,79],{"class":65},[55,49278,49279,49281,49283,49285,49287,49289,49291,49293],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,49280,62],{"class":61},[55,49282,66],{"class":65},[55,49284,48943],{"class":61},[55,49286,66],{"class":65},[55,49288,34767],{"class":318},[55,49290,163],{"class":65},[55,49292,45343],{"class":69},[55,49294,79],{"class":65},[14,49296,281],{},[46,49298,49299],{"className":48,"code":44240,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,49300,49301,49305],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,49302,49303],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,49304,193],{"class":187},[55,49306,49307],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,49308,188],{"class":187},[14,49310,49311,49312,49314],{},"In both examples, ",[18,49313,44872],{}," only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[14,49316,49317,49318,29],{},"If you want to change a value from one type to another, that is conversion, not type checking. For example, see ",[294,49319,49320],{"href":3262},"how to convert a string to an integer in Python",[41,49322,49324],{"id":49323},"checking-against-multiple-types","Checking against multiple types",[14,49326,49327],{},"The second argument can be a tuple of types.",[14,49329,49330],{},"This is helpful when more than one type is acceptable.",[46,49332,49334],{"className":48,"code":49333,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(isinstance(value, (str, list)))\n",[18,49335,49336,49345,49349,49373],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,49337,49338,49340,49342],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,49339,1654],{"class":902},[55,49341,906],{"class":703},[55,49343,49344],{"class":75}," 3.5\n",[55,49346,49347],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,49348,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,49350,49351,49353,49355,49357,49359,49361,49363,49365,49367,49369,49371],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,49352,62],{"class":61},[55,49354,66],{"class":65},[55,49356,48943],{"class":61},[55,49358,66],{"class":65},[55,49360,319],{"class":318},[55,49362,163],{"class":65},[55,49364,9273],{"class":65},[55,49366,2492],{"class":69},[55,49368,163],{"class":65},[55,49370,40319],{"class":69},[55,49372,769],{"class":65},[55,49374,49375,49377,49379,49381,49383,49385,49387,49389,49391,49393,49395],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,49376,62],{"class":61},[55,49378,66],{"class":65},[55,49380,48943],{"class":61},[55,49382,66],{"class":65},[55,49384,319],{"class":318},[55,49386,163],{"class":65},[55,49388,9273],{"class":65},[55,49390,3738],{"class":69},[55,49392,163],{"class":65},[55,49394,22612],{"class":69},[55,49396,769],{"class":65},[14,49398,281],{},[46,49400,49401],{"className":48,"code":44240,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,49402,49403,49407],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,49404,49405],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,49406,193],{"class":187},[55,49408,49409],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,49410,188],{"class":187},[14,49412,49413,49414,49416],{},"This is much cleaner than writing long ",[18,49415,40901],{}," conditions.",[14,49418,1436],{},[46,49420,49422],{"className":48,"code":49421,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(type(value) == int or type(value) == float)\n",[18,49423,49424,49432,49436],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,49425,49426,49428,49430],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,49427,1654],{"class":902},[55,49429,906],{"class":703},[55,49431,49344],{"class":75},[55,49433,49434],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,49435,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,49437,49438,49440,49442,49444,49446,49448,49450,49452,49454,49456,49459,49461,49463,49465,49467,49469],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,49439,62],{"class":61},[55,49441,66],{"class":65},[55,49443,1879],{"class":69},[55,49445,66],{"class":65},[55,49447,319],{"class":318},[55,49449,3953],{"class":65},[55,49451,6684],{"class":703},[55,49453,45343],{"class":69},[55,49455,48303],{"class":1193},[55,49457,49458],{"class":69}," type",[55,49460,66],{"class":65},[55,49462,319],{"class":318},[55,49464,3953],{"class":65},[55,49466,6684],{"class":703},[55,49468,40319],{"class":69},[55,49470,322],{"class":65},[14,49472,49473],{},"you can write this:",[46,49475,49477],{"className":48,"code":49476,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[18,49478,49479,49487,49491],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,49480,49481,49483,49485],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,49482,1654],{"class":902},[55,49484,906],{"class":703},[55,49486,49344],{"class":75},[55,49488,49489],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,49490,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,49492,49493,49495,49497,49499,49501,49503,49505,49507,49509,49511,49513],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,49494,62],{"class":61},[55,49496,66],{"class":65},[55,49498,48943],{"class":61},[55,49500,66],{"class":65},[55,49502,319],{"class":318},[55,49504,163],{"class":65},[55,49506,9273],{"class":65},[55,49508,2492],{"class":69},[55,49510,163],{"class":65},[55,49512,40319],{"class":69},[55,49514,769],{"class":65},[14,49516,49517],{},"A common use case is accepting both integers and decimal numbers as numeric input.",[41,49519,49521,10624,49523],{"id":49520},"isinstance-vs-type",[18,49522,44872],{},[18,49524,2606],{},[14,49526,10629,49527,4679,49529,49533],{},[18,49528,44872],{},[294,49530,49531],{"href":1581},[18,49532,2606],{}," are related to types, but they are not the same.",[889,49535,49537],{"id":49536},"typevalue-int",[18,49538,49539],{},"type(value) == int",[14,49541,49542],{},"This checks for one exact type.",[46,49544,49546],{"className":48,"code":49545,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = 10\nprint(type(value) == int)\n",[18,49547,49548,49556],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,49549,49550,49552,49554],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,49551,1654],{"class":902},[55,49553,906],{"class":703},[55,49555,2890],{"class":75},[55,49557,49558,49560,49562,49564,49566,49568,49570,49572,49574],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,49559,62],{"class":61},[55,49561,66],{"class":65},[55,49563,1879],{"class":69},[55,49565,66],{"class":65},[55,49567,319],{"class":318},[55,49569,3953],{"class":65},[55,49571,6684],{"class":703},[55,49573,45343],{"class":69},[55,49575,322],{"class":65},[889,49577,49579],{"id":49578},"isinstancevalue-int",[18,49580,49581],{},"isinstance(value, int)",[14,49583,49584],{},"This checks whether the value matches that type, including inherited types.",[46,49586,49588],{"className":48,"code":49587,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[18,49589,49590,49598],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,49591,49592,49594,49596],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,49593,1654],{"class":902},[55,49595,906],{"class":703},[55,49597,2890],{"class":75},[55,49599,49600,49602,49604,49606,49608,49610,49612,49614],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,49601,62],{"class":61},[55,49603,66],{"class":65},[55,49605,48943],{"class":61},[55,49607,66],{"class":65},[55,49609,319],{"class":318},[55,49611,163],{"class":65},[55,49613,45343],{"class":69},[55,49615,79],{"class":65},[14,49617,49618,49619,49621],{},"For beginners, ",[18,49620,44872],{}," is usually the safer choice when you want to know whether a value can be treated like a certain type.",[14,49623,49624],{},"In everyday code:",[240,49626,49627,49632],{},[243,49628,40054,49629,49631],{},[18,49630,2606],{}," when you need the exact type",[243,49633,40054,49634,49636],{},[18,49635,44872],{}," when you want a practical type check",[41,49638,49640],{"id":49639},"common-real-uses","Common real uses",[14,49642,49643,49644,29],{},"Here are some common beginner-friendly uses for ",[18,49645,44872],{},[889,49647,49649],{"id":49648},"validate-function-inputs","Validate function inputs",[46,49651,49653],{"className":48,"code":49652,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"def repeat_text(text, count):\n    if not isinstance(text, str):\n        return \"text must be a string\"\n    \n    if not isinstance(count, int):\n        return \"count must be an integer\"\n    \n    return text * count\n\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", 3))\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", \"3\"))\n",[18,49654,49655,49673,49692,49704,49709,49727,49738,49742,49754,49758,49782],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,49656,49657,49659,49662,49664,49666,49668,49671],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,49658,34910],{"class":1914},[55,49660,49661],{"class":34913}," repeat_text",[55,49663,66],{"class":65},[55,49665,34767],{"class":37725},[55,49667,163],{"class":65},[55,49669,49670],{"class":37725}," count",[55,49672,1480],{"class":65},[55,49674,49675,49677,49679,49682,49684,49686,49688,49690],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,49676,6674],{"class":1193},[55,49678,1235],{"class":703},[55,49680,49681],{"class":61}," isinstance",[55,49683,66],{"class":65},[55,49685,34767],{"class":318},[55,49687,163],{"class":65},[55,49689,48972],{"class":69},[55,49691,1480],{"class":65},[55,49693,49694,49697,49699,49702],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,49695,49696],{"class":1193},"        return",[55,49698,793],{"class":109},[55,49700,49701],{"class":129},"text must be a string",[55,49703,1052],{"class":109},[55,49705,49706],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,49707,49708],{"class":902},"    \n",[55,49710,49711,49713,49715,49717,49719,49721,49723,49725],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,49712,6674],{"class":1193},[55,49714,1235],{"class":703},[55,49716,49681],{"class":61},[55,49718,66],{"class":65},[55,49720,41324],{"class":318},[55,49722,163],{"class":65},[55,49724,45343],{"class":69},[55,49726,1480],{"class":65},[55,49728,49729,49731,49733,49736],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,49730,49696],{"class":1193},[55,49732,793],{"class":109},[55,49734,49735],{"class":129},"count must be an integer",[55,49737,1052],{"class":109},[55,49739,49740],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,49741,49708],{"class":902},[55,49743,49744,49746,49749,49751],{"class":57,"line":582},[55,49745,34921],{"class":1193},[55,49747,49748],{"class":902}," text ",[55,49750,39936],{"class":703},[55,49752,49753],{"class":902}," count\n",[55,49755,49756],{"class":57,"line":6706},[55,49757,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,49759,49760,49762,49764,49767,49769,49771,49774,49776,49778,49780],{"class":57,"line":6711},[55,49761,62],{"class":61},[55,49763,66],{"class":65},[55,49765,49766],{"class":318},"repeat_text",[55,49768,66],{"class":65},[55,49770,126],{"class":109},[55,49772,49773],{"class":129},"Hi ",[55,49775,126],{"class":109},[55,49777,163],{"class":65},[55,49779,171],{"class":75},[55,49781,79],{"class":65},[55,49783,49784,49786,49788,49790,49792,49794,49796,49798,49800,49802,49804,49806],{"class":57,"line":11637},[55,49785,62],{"class":61},[55,49787,66],{"class":65},[55,49789,49766],{"class":318},[55,49791,66],{"class":65},[55,49793,126],{"class":109},[55,49795,49773],{"class":129},[55,49797,126],{"class":109},[55,49799,163],{"class":65},[55,49801,793],{"class":109},[55,49803,2366],{"class":129},[55,49805,126],{"class":109},[55,49807,79],{"class":65},[14,49809,281],{},[46,49811,49813],{"className":48,"code":49812,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Hi Hi Hi \ncount must be an integer\n",[18,49814,49815,49820],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,49816,49817],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,49818,49819],{"class":902},"Hi Hi Hi \n",[55,49821,49822],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,49823,49824],{"class":902},"count must be an integer\n",[14,49826,49827],{},"This can help prevent errors such as unsupported operand type errors.",[889,49829,49831],{"id":49830},"handle-strings-and-lists-differently","Handle strings and lists differently",[46,49833,49835],{"className":48,"code":49834,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    print(\"This is text\")\nelif isinstance(value, list):\n    print(\"This is a list\")\n",[18,49836,49837,49869,49873,49889,49904,49921],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,49838,49839,49841,49843,49845,49847,49849,49851,49853,49855,49857,49859,49861,49863,49865,49867],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,49840,1654],{"class":902},[55,49842,906],{"class":703},[55,49844,909],{"class":65},[55,49846,126],{"class":109},[55,49848,294],{"class":129},[55,49850,126],{"class":109},[55,49852,163],{"class":65},[55,49854,793],{"class":109},[55,49856,5046],{"class":129},[55,49858,126],{"class":109},[55,49860,163],{"class":65},[55,49862,793],{"class":109},[55,49864,9777],{"class":129},[55,49866,126],{"class":109},[55,49868,924],{"class":65},[55,49870,49871],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,49872,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,49874,49875,49877,49879,49881,49883,49885,49887],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,49876,38],{"class":1193},[55,49878,49681],{"class":61},[55,49880,66],{"class":65},[55,49882,319],{"class":318},[55,49884,163],{"class":65},[55,49886,48972],{"class":69},[55,49888,1480],{"class":65},[55,49890,49891,49893,49895,49897,49900,49902],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,49892,1204],{"class":61},[55,49894,66],{"class":65},[55,49896,126],{"class":109},[55,49898,49899],{"class":129},"This is text",[55,49901,126],{"class":109},[55,49903,322],{"class":65},[55,49905,49906,49909,49911,49913,49915,49917,49919],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,49907,49908],{"class":1193},"elif",[55,49910,49681],{"class":61},[55,49912,66],{"class":65},[55,49914,319],{"class":318},[55,49916,163],{"class":65},[55,49918,22612],{"class":69},[55,49920,1480],{"class":65},[55,49922,49923,49925,49927,49929,49932,49934],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,49924,1204],{"class":61},[55,49926,66],{"class":65},[55,49928,126],{"class":109},[55,49930,49931],{"class":129},"This is a list",[55,49933,126],{"class":109},[55,49935,322],{"class":65},[14,49937,281],{},[46,49939,49941],{"className":48,"code":49940,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"This is a list\n",[18,49942,49943],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,49944,49945,49948,49950,49952],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,49946,49947],{"class":902},"This ",[55,49949,12237],{"class":703},[55,49951,44611],{"class":902},[55,49953,49954],{"class":69},"list\n",[889,49956,49958],{"id":49957},"check-data-before-converting","Check data before converting",[46,49960,49962],{"className":48,"code":49961,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = \"42\"\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    number = int(value)\n    print(number)\n",[18,49963,49964,49976,49980,49996,50010],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,49965,49966,49968,49970,49972,49974],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,49967,1654],{"class":902},[55,49969,906],{"class":703},[55,49971,793],{"class":109},[55,49973,46593],{"class":129},[55,49975,1052],{"class":109},[55,49977,49978],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,49979,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,49981,49982,49984,49986,49988,49990,49992,49994],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,49983,38],{"class":1193},[55,49985,49681],{"class":61},[55,49987,66],{"class":65},[55,49989,319],{"class":318},[55,49991,163],{"class":65},[55,49993,48972],{"class":69},[55,49995,1480],{"class":65},[55,49997,49998,50000,50002,50004,50006,50008],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,49999,41955],{"class":902},[55,50001,906],{"class":703},[55,50003,45343],{"class":69},[55,50005,66],{"class":65},[55,50007,319],{"class":318},[55,50009,322],{"class":65},[55,50011,50012,50014,50016,50018],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,50013,1204],{"class":61},[55,50015,66],{"class":65},[55,50017,2544],{"class":318},[55,50019,322],{"class":65},[14,50021,281],{},[46,50023,50024],{"className":48,"code":46679,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,50025,50026],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,50027,50028],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,50029,46679],{"class":75},[14,50031,50032],{},"This is useful when working with user input, since input often starts as text.",[889,50034,50036],{"id":50035},"prevent-errors-before-using-methods-or-loops","Prevent errors before using methods or loops",[46,50038,50040],{"className":48,"code":50039,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nif isinstance(value, dict):\n    print(value[\"name\"])\n",[18,50041,50042,50066,50070,50086],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,50043,50044,50046,50048,50050,50052,50054,50056,50058,50060,50062,50064],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,50045,1654],{"class":902},[55,50047,906],{"class":703},[55,50049,10529],{"class":65},[55,50051,126],{"class":109},[55,50053,785],{"class":129},[55,50055,126],{"class":109},[55,50057,790],{"class":65},[55,50059,793],{"class":109},[55,50061,12925],{"class":129},[55,50063,126],{"class":109},[55,50065,9346],{"class":65},[55,50067,50068],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,50069,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,50071,50072,50074,50076,50078,50080,50082,50084],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,50073,38],{"class":1193},[55,50075,49681],{"class":61},[55,50077,66],{"class":65},[55,50079,319],{"class":318},[55,50081,163],{"class":65},[55,50083,9207],{"class":69},[55,50085,1480],{"class":65},[55,50087,50088,50090,50092,50094,50096,50098,50100,50102],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,50089,1204],{"class":61},[55,50091,66],{"class":65},[55,50093,319],{"class":318},[55,50095,4186],{"class":65},[55,50097,126],{"class":109},[55,50099,785],{"class":129},[55,50101,126],{"class":109},[55,50103,4174],{"class":65},[14,50105,281],{},[46,50107,50109],{"className":48,"code":50108,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Ana\n",[18,50110,50111],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,50112,50113],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,50114,50108],{"class":902},[14,50116,50117,50118,50120],{},"Checking first can help you avoid confusing ",[18,50119,3303],{}," messages later.",[41,50122,4803],{"id":4802},[889,50124,50126,50127,11132,50130],{"id":50125},"passing-int-instead-of-int","Passing ",[18,50128,50129],{},"\"int\"",[18,50131,2492],{},[14,50133,16692],{},[46,50135,50137],{"className":48,"code":50136,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, \"int\"))\n",[18,50138,50139,50147],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,50140,50141,50143,50145],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,50142,1654],{"class":902},[55,50144,906],{"class":703},[55,50146,2890],{"class":75},[55,50148,50149,50151,50153,50155,50157,50159,50161,50163,50165,50167],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,50150,62],{"class":61},[55,50152,66],{"class":65},[55,50154,48943],{"class":61},[55,50156,66],{"class":65},[55,50158,319],{"class":318},[55,50160,163],{"class":65},[55,50162,793],{"class":109},[55,50164,2492],{"class":129},[55,50166,126],{"class":109},[55,50168,79],{"class":65},[14,50170,50171,50173],{},[18,50172,50129],{}," is a string, not a type.",[14,50175,16704],{},[46,50177,50178],{"className":48,"code":49587,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,50179,50180,50188],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,50181,50182,50184,50186],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,50183,1654],{"class":902},[55,50185,906],{"class":703},[55,50187,2890],{"class":75},[55,50189,50190,50192,50194,50196,50198,50200,50202,50204],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,50191,62],{"class":61},[55,50193,66],{"class":65},[55,50195,48943],{"class":61},[55,50197,66],{"class":65},[55,50199,319],{"class":318},[55,50201,163],{"class":65},[55,50203,45343],{"class":69},[55,50205,79],{"class":65},[889,50207,50209],{"id":50208},"using-square-brackets-for-multiple-types","Using square brackets for multiple types",[14,50211,16692],{},[46,50213,50215],{"className":48,"code":50214,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, [int, float]))\n",[18,50216,50217,50225],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,50218,50219,50221,50223],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,50220,1654],{"class":902},[55,50222,906],{"class":703},[55,50224,34901],{"class":75},[55,50226,50227,50229,50231,50233,50235,50237,50239,50241,50243,50245,50247],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,50228,62],{"class":61},[55,50230,66],{"class":65},[55,50232,48943],{"class":61},[55,50234,66],{"class":65},[55,50236,319],{"class":318},[55,50238,163],{"class":65},[55,50240,909],{"class":65},[55,50242,2492],{"class":69},[55,50244,163],{"class":65},[55,50246,40319],{"class":69},[55,50248,174],{"class":65},[14,50250,50251],{},"The second argument should be a type or a tuple of types.",[14,50253,16704],{},[46,50255,50257],{"className":48,"code":50256,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[18,50258,50259,50267],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,50260,50261,50263,50265],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,50262,1654],{"class":902},[55,50264,906],{"class":703},[55,50266,34901],{"class":75},[55,50268,50269,50271,50273,50275,50277,50279,50281,50283,50285,50287,50289],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,50270,62],{"class":61},[55,50272,66],{"class":65},[55,50274,48943],{"class":61},[55,50276,66],{"class":65},[55,50278,319],{"class":318},[55,50280,163],{"class":65},[55,50282,9273],{"class":65},[55,50284,2492],{"class":69},[55,50286,163],{"class":65},[55,50288,40319],{"class":69},[55,50290,769],{"class":65},[889,50292,25828,50294,50296],{"id":50293},"thinking-isinstance-converts-a-value",[18,50295,44872],{}," converts a value",[14,50298,18964],{},[46,50300,50302],{"className":48,"code":50301,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = \"123\"\nresult = isinstance(value, int)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,50303,50304,50317,50335,50339],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,50305,50306,50308,50310,50312,50315],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,50307,1654],{"class":902},[55,50309,906],{"class":703},[55,50311,793],{"class":109},[55,50313,50314],{"class":129},"123",[55,50316,1052],{"class":109},[55,50318,50319,50321,50323,50325,50327,50329,50331,50333],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,50320,2534],{"class":902},[55,50322,906],{"class":703},[55,50324,49681],{"class":61},[55,50326,66],{"class":65},[55,50328,319],{"class":318},[55,50330,163],{"class":65},[55,50332,45343],{"class":69},[55,50334,322],{"class":65},[55,50336,50337],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,50338,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,50340,50341,50343,50345,50347],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,50342,62],{"class":61},[55,50344,66],{"class":65},[55,50346,2569],{"class":318},[55,50348,322],{"class":65},[14,50350,281],{},[46,50352,50353],{"className":48,"code":188,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,50354,50355],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,50356,50357],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,50358,188],{"class":187},[14,50360,50361,50362,50365,50366,50368],{},"This does not convert ",[18,50363,50364],{},"\"123\""," into ",[18,50367,50314],{},". It only checks the type.",[14,50370,50371,50372,6906],{},"If your goal is conversion, use ",[18,50373,50374],{},"int(value)",[889,50376,50378],{"id":50377},"assuming-it-changes-the-value","Assuming it changes the value",[14,50380,50381,50383],{},[18,50382,44872],{}," does not modify anything.",[46,50385,50387],{"className":48,"code":50386,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = \"100\"\n\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(value)\n",[18,50388,50389,50401,50405,50423],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,50390,50391,50393,50395,50397,50399],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,50392,1654],{"class":902},[55,50394,906],{"class":703},[55,50396,793],{"class":109},[55,50398,13604],{"class":129},[55,50400,1052],{"class":109},[55,50402,50403],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,50404,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,50406,50407,50409,50411,50413,50415,50417,50419,50421],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,50408,62],{"class":61},[55,50410,66],{"class":65},[55,50412,48943],{"class":61},[55,50414,66],{"class":65},[55,50416,319],{"class":318},[55,50418,163],{"class":65},[55,50420,48972],{"class":69},[55,50422,79],{"class":65},[55,50424,50425,50427,50429,50431],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,50426,62],{"class":61},[55,50428,66],{"class":65},[55,50430,319],{"class":318},[55,50432,322],{"class":65},[14,50434,281],{},[46,50436,50438],{"className":48,"code":50437,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"True\n100\n",[18,50439,50440,50444],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,50441,50442],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,50443,193],{"class":187},[55,50445,50446],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,50447,47330],{"class":75},[14,50449,50450],{},"The value stays the same.",[41,50452,25996],{"id":25995},[14,50454,50455],{},"If you are not sure what kind of value you have, these checks are useful:",[46,50457,50459],{"className":48,"code":50458,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[18,50460,50461,50475,50493,50517],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,50462,50463,50465,50467,50469,50471,50473],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,50464,62],{"class":61},[55,50466,66],{"class":65},[55,50468,1879],{"class":69},[55,50470,66],{"class":65},[55,50472,319],{"class":318},[55,50474,79],{"class":65},[55,50476,50477,50479,50481,50483,50485,50487,50489,50491],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,50478,62],{"class":61},[55,50480,66],{"class":65},[55,50482,48943],{"class":61},[55,50484,66],{"class":65},[55,50486,319],{"class":318},[55,50488,163],{"class":65},[55,50490,45343],{"class":69},[55,50492,79],{"class":65},[55,50494,50495,50497,50499,50501,50503,50505,50507,50509,50511,50513,50515],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,50496,62],{"class":61},[55,50498,66],{"class":65},[55,50500,48943],{"class":61},[55,50502,66],{"class":65},[55,50504,319],{"class":318},[55,50506,163],{"class":65},[55,50508,9273],{"class":65},[55,50510,2492],{"class":69},[55,50512,163],{"class":65},[55,50514,40319],{"class":69},[55,50516,769],{"class":65},[55,50518,50519,50521,50523,50525,50527,50529],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,50520,62],{"class":61},[55,50522,66],{"class":65},[55,50524,41844],{"class":61},[55,50526,66],{"class":65},[55,50528,319],{"class":318},[55,50530,79],{"class":65},[14,50532,50533],{},"These can help when:",[240,50535,50536,50539,50544,50547],{},[243,50537,50538],{},"a value looks like a number but is actually a string",[243,50540,50541,50542],{},"you are getting a ",[18,50543,3303],{},[243,50545,50546],{},"your condition is not behaving as expected",[243,50548,50549,50550,50552],{},"the second argument to ",[18,50551,44872],{}," is invalid",[14,50554,50555],{},"Common causes of mistakes include:",[240,50557,50558,50572,50578,50583],{},[243,50559,50560,50561,25,50564,50567,50568,25,50570],{},"using ",[18,50562,50563],{},"'int'",[18,50565,50566],{},"'str'"," as text instead of ",[18,50569,2492],{},[18,50571,3738],{},[243,50573,50574,50575,50577],{},"expecting ",[18,50576,44872],{}," to convert a value",[243,50579,50560,50580,50582],{},[18,50581,2606],{}," when inherited types should also match",[243,50584,50585],{},"passing an invalid second argument",[14,50587,50588,50589,29],{},"If you get an error because Python expected a number but found text, see ",[294,50590,50592,50593],{"href":50591},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-str-object-cannot-be-interpreted-as-an-integer-fix\u002F","TypeError: ",[18,50594,50595],{},"'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer",[41,50597,2139],{"id":2138},[889,50599,5429,50601,5432],{"id":50600},"what-does-isinstance-return-in-python",[18,50602,44872],{},[14,50604,2157,50605,50607,50608,29],{},[18,50606,24],{}," if the value matches the given type, otherwise ",[18,50609,28],{},[889,50611,5456,50613,50615],{"id":50612},"can-isinstance-check-more-than-one-type",[18,50614,44872],{}," check more than one type?",[14,50617,50618,50619,29],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of types, such as ",[18,50620,50621],{},"isinstance(x, (int, float))",[889,50623,5466,50625,4679,50627,2794],{"id":50624},"what-is-the-difference-between-isinstance-and-type",[18,50626,44872],{},[18,50628,2606],{},[14,50630,50631,50633,50634,50636],{},[18,50632,2606],{}," gives the exact type. ",[18,50635,44872],{}," checks whether a value matches a type and also supports inheritance.",[889,50638,12748,50640,50642],{"id":50639},"does-isinstance-convert-a-value",[18,50641,44872],{}," convert a value?",[14,50644,50645],{},"No. It only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[41,50647,2193],{"id":2192},[240,50649,50650,50656,50660,50665,50670],{},[243,50651,50652],{},[294,50653,3871,50654,3804],{"href":1581},[18,50655,2606],{},[243,50657,50658],{},[294,50659,44864],{"href":49046},[243,50661,50662],{},[294,50663,50664],{"href":3262},"How to convert a string to an integer in Python",[243,50666,50667],{},[294,50668,50669],{"href":49049},"What is a data type in Python?",[243,50671,50672],{},[294,50673,50592,50674],{"href":50591},[18,50675,50595],{},[2226,50677,50678],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":50680},[50681,50682,50684,50687,50691,50692,50697,50703,50711,50712,50722],{"id":43,"depth":82,"text":44},{"id":48985,"depth":82,"text":50683},"What isinstance() does",{"id":2459,"depth":82,"text":2460,"children":50685},[50686],{"id":49077,"depth":98,"text":49078},{"id":11516,"depth":82,"text":11517,"children":50688},[50689,50690],{"id":49165,"depth":98,"text":49166},{"id":49236,"depth":98,"text":49237},{"id":49323,"depth":82,"text":49324},{"id":49520,"depth":82,"text":50693,"children":50694},"isinstance() vs type()",[50695,50696],{"id":49536,"depth":98,"text":49539},{"id":49578,"depth":98,"text":49581},{"id":49639,"depth":82,"text":49640,"children":50698},[50699,50700,50701,50702],{"id":49648,"depth":98,"text":49649},{"id":49830,"depth":98,"text":49831},{"id":49957,"depth":98,"text":49958},{"id":50035,"depth":98,"text":50036},{"id":4802,"depth":82,"text":4803,"children":50704},[50705,50707,50708,50710],{"id":50125,"depth":98,"text":50706},"Passing \"int\" instead of int",{"id":50208,"depth":98,"text":50209},{"id":50293,"depth":98,"text":50709},"Thinking isinstance() converts a value",{"id":50377,"depth":98,"text":50378},{"id":25995,"depth":82,"text":25996},{"id":2138,"depth":82,"text":2139,"children":50713},[50714,50716,50718,50720],{"id":50600,"depth":98,"text":50715},"What does isinstance() return in Python?",{"id":50612,"depth":98,"text":50717},"Can isinstance() check more than one type?",{"id":50624,"depth":98,"text":50719},"What is the difference between isinstance() and type()?",{"id":50639,"depth":98,"text":50721},"Does isinstance() convert a value?",{"id":2192,"depth":82,"text":2193},"Master python isinstance function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":48886,"description":50723},"reference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained","iF3_lagEov6vfWHAzwGq_MdJMAghMPTpi88oMC-pOfw",{"id":50729,"title":50730,"body":50731,"description":52704,"extension":2267,"meta":52705,"navigation":1121,"path":52706,"seo":52707,"stem":52708,"__hash__":52709},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained.md","Python len() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":50732,"toc":52679},[50733,50736,50741,50746,50760,50763,50765,50840,50845,50849,50854,50857,50871,50873,51039,51052,51054,51056,51071,51074,51077,51090,51092,51190,51194,51200,51203,51212,51214,51249,51254,51275,51280,51285,51317,51320,51377,51381,51387,51390,51443,51445,51485,51488,51556,51559,51610,51617,51621,51627,51712,51718,51724,51773,51776,51779,51829,51831,51836,51840,51890,51894,51941,51945,52022,52026,52091,52094,52098,52103,52108,52120,52122,52141,52147,52150,52169,52174,52201,52208,52212,52218,52221,52316,52319,52322,52371,52376,52378,52382,52417,52420,52477,52487,52490,52524,52527,52529,52533,52536,52540,52543,52547,52550,52554,52567,52571,52576,52578,52628,52640,52642,52676],[10,50734,50730],{"id":50735},"python-len-function-explained",[14,50737,9159,50738,50740],{},[18,50739,42426],{}," function returns the size of an object.",[14,50742,35465,50743,50745],{},[18,50744,42426],{}," to count:",[240,50747,50748,50751,50754,50757],{},[243,50749,50750],{},"characters in a string",[243,50752,50753],{},"items in a list or tuple",[243,50755,50756],{},"keys in a dictionary",[243,50758,50759],{},"unique items in a set",[14,50761,50762],{},"It is a simple but very useful function. You will use it often when checking if something is empty, validating input, or counting stored values safely.",[41,50764,2308],{"id":2307},[46,50766,50768],{"className":48,"code":50767,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"hello\"\nitems = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(len(text))   # 5\nprint(len(items))  # 3\n",[18,50769,50770,50782,50802,50806,50823],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,50771,50772,50774,50776,50778,50780],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,50773,34746],{"class":902},[55,50775,906],{"class":703},[55,50777,793],{"class":109},[55,50779,130],{"class":129},[55,50781,1052],{"class":109},[55,50783,50784,50786,50788,50790,50792,50794,50796,50798,50800],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,50785,903],{"class":902},[55,50787,906],{"class":703},[55,50789,909],{"class":65},[55,50791,376],{"class":75},[55,50793,163],{"class":65},[55,50795,916],{"class":75},[55,50797,163],{"class":65},[55,50799,921],{"class":75},[55,50801,924],{"class":65},[55,50803,50804],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,50805,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,50807,50808,50810,50812,50814,50816,50818,50820],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,50809,62],{"class":61},[55,50811,66],{"class":65},[55,50813,11202],{"class":61},[55,50815,66],{"class":65},[55,50817,34767],{"class":318},[55,50819,5645],{"class":65},[55,50821,50822],{"class":3956},"   # 5\n",[55,50824,50825,50827,50829,50831,50833,50835,50837],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,50826,62],{"class":61},[55,50828,66],{"class":65},[55,50830,11202],{"class":61},[55,50832,66],{"class":65},[55,50834,937],{"class":318},[55,50836,5645],{"class":65},[55,50838,50839],{"class":3956},"  # 3\n",[14,50841,212,50842,50844],{},[18,50843,42426],{}," to get the number of characters in a string or the number of items in a container like a list, tuple, set, or dictionary.",[41,50846,50848],{"id":50847},"what-len-does","What len() does",[14,50850,50851,50853],{},[18,50852,42426],{}," returns the size of an object.",[14,50855,50856],{},"Here is what that means for common Python types:",[240,50858,50859,50862,50865,50868],{},[243,50860,50861],{},"For strings, it counts characters",[243,50863,50864],{},"For lists, tuples, and sets, it counts items",[243,50866,50867],{},"For dictionaries, it counts keys",[243,50869,50870],{},"It always returns an integer",[14,50872,358],{},[46,50874,50876],{"className":48,"code":50875,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name = \"Sam\"\nnumbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\ndata = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nvalues = {5, 6, 7}\n\nprint(len(name))     # 3\nprint(len(numbers))  # 4\nprint(len(data))     # 2\nprint(len(values))   # 3\n",[18,50877,50878,50890,50915,50947,50967,50971,50988,51005,51022],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,50879,50880,50882,50884,50886,50888],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,50881,1004],{"class":902},[55,50883,906],{"class":703},[55,50885,793],{"class":109},[55,50887,796],{"class":129},[55,50889,1052],{"class":109},[55,50891,50892,50894,50896,50898,50900,50902,50904,50906,50908,50910,50913],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,50893,1168],{"class":902},[55,50895,906],{"class":703},[55,50897,909],{"class":65},[55,50899,376],{"class":75},[55,50901,163],{"class":65},[55,50903,916],{"class":75},[55,50905,163],{"class":65},[55,50907,921],{"class":75},[55,50909,163],{"class":65},[55,50911,50912],{"class":75}," 40",[55,50914,924],{"class":65},[55,50916,50917,50919,50921,50923,50925,50927,50929,50931,50933,50935,50937,50939,50941,50943,50945],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,50918,9202],{"class":902},[55,50920,906],{"class":703},[55,50922,10529],{"class":65},[55,50924,126],{"class":109},[55,50926,294],{"class":129},[55,50928,126],{"class":109},[55,50930,790],{"class":65},[55,50932,5782],{"class":75},[55,50934,163],{"class":65},[55,50936,793],{"class":109},[55,50938,5046],{"class":129},[55,50940,126],{"class":109},[55,50942,790],{"class":65},[55,50944,166],{"class":75},[55,50946,9346],{"class":65},[55,50948,50949,50951,50953,50955,50957,50959,50961,50963,50965],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,50950,4110],{"class":902},[55,50952,906],{"class":703},[55,50954,10529],{"class":65},[55,50956,688],{"class":75},[55,50958,163],{"class":65},[55,50960,37706],{"class":75},[55,50962,163],{"class":65},[55,50964,6272],{"class":75},[55,50966,9346],{"class":65},[55,50968,50969],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,50970,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,50972,50973,50975,50977,50979,50981,50983,50985],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,50974,62],{"class":61},[55,50976,66],{"class":65},[55,50978,11202],{"class":61},[55,50980,66],{"class":65},[55,50982,785],{"class":318},[55,50984,5645],{"class":65},[55,50986,50987],{"class":3956},"     # 3\n",[55,50989,50990,50992,50994,50996,50998,51000,51002],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,50991,62],{"class":61},[55,50993,66],{"class":65},[55,50995,11202],{"class":61},[55,50997,66],{"class":65},[55,50999,332],{"class":318},[55,51001,5645],{"class":65},[55,51003,51004],{"class":3956},"  # 4\n",[55,51006,51007,51009,51011,51013,51015,51017,51019],{"class":57,"line":582},[55,51008,62],{"class":61},[55,51010,66],{"class":65},[55,51012,11202],{"class":61},[55,51014,66],{"class":65},[55,51016,9241],{"class":318},[55,51018,5645],{"class":65},[55,51020,51021],{"class":3956},"     # 2\n",[55,51023,51024,51026,51028,51030,51032,51034,51036],{"class":57,"line":6706},[55,51025,62],{"class":61},[55,51027,66],{"class":65},[55,51029,11202],{"class":61},[55,51031,66],{"class":65},[55,51033,5642],{"class":318},[55,51035,5645],{"class":65},[55,51037,51038],{"class":3956},"   # 3\n",[14,51040,51041,51042,2493,51046,17121,51050,29],{},"If you are still learning these data types, see ",[294,51043,51045],{"href":51044},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-strings-explained-basics-and-examples\u002F","Python strings explained",[294,51047,51049],{"href":51048},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide\u002F","Python lists explained",[294,51051,9192],{"href":9191},[41,51053,2460],{"id":2459},[14,51055,2463],{},[46,51057,51059],{"className":48,"code":51058,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"len(object)\n",[18,51060,51061],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,51062,51063,51065,51067,51069],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,51064,11202],{"class":61},[55,51066,66],{"class":65},[55,51068,42464],{"class":69},[55,51070,322],{"class":65},[14,51072,51073],{},"You pass one object inside the parentheses.",[14,51075,51076],{},"That object must be something that has a length, such as:",[240,51078,51079,51081,51083,51085,51087],{},[243,51080,37970],{},[243,51082,37964],{},[243,51084,37967],{},[243,51086,37973],{},[243,51088,51089],{},"a dictionary",[14,51091,358],{},[46,51093,51095],{"className":48,"code":51094,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(len(\"python\"))      # 6\nprint(len([1, 2, 3]))     # 3\nprint(len((10, 20)))      # 2\nprint(len({\"x\": 1}))      # 1\n",[18,51096,51097,51118,51142,51164],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,51098,51099,51101,51103,51105,51107,51109,51111,51113,51115],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,51100,62],{"class":61},[55,51102,66],{"class":65},[55,51104,11202],{"class":61},[55,51106,66],{"class":65},[55,51108,126],{"class":109},[55,51110,50],{"class":129},[55,51112,126],{"class":109},[55,51114,5645],{"class":65},[55,51116,51117],{"class":3956},"      # 6\n",[55,51119,51120,51122,51124,51126,51128,51130,51132,51134,51136,51138,51140],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,51121,62],{"class":61},[55,51123,66],{"class":65},[55,51125,11202],{"class":61},[55,51127,158],{"class":65},[55,51129,93],{"class":75},[55,51131,163],{"class":65},[55,51133,166],{"class":75},[55,51135,163],{"class":65},[55,51137,171],{"class":75},[55,51139,5020],{"class":65},[55,51141,50987],{"class":3956},[55,51143,51144,51146,51148,51150,51152,51154,51156,51158,51161],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,51145,62],{"class":61},[55,51147,66],{"class":65},[55,51149,11202],{"class":61},[55,51151,760],{"class":65},[55,51153,376],{"class":75},[55,51155,163],{"class":65},[55,51157,916],{"class":75},[55,51159,51160],{"class":65},")))",[55,51162,51163],{"class":3956},"      # 2\n",[55,51165,51166,51168,51170,51172,51174,51176,51178,51180,51182,51184,51187],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,51167,62],{"class":61},[55,51169,66],{"class":65},[55,51171,11202],{"class":61},[55,51173,780],{"class":65},[55,51175,126],{"class":109},[55,51177,2477],{"class":129},[55,51179,126],{"class":109},[55,51181,790],{"class":65},[55,51183,5782],{"class":75},[55,51185,51186],{"class":65},"}))",[55,51188,51189],{"class":3956},"      # 1\n",[41,51191,51193],{"id":51192},"using-len-with-strings","Using len() with strings",[14,51195,51196,51197,51199],{},"When you use ",[18,51198,42426],{}," on a string, Python counts every character.",[14,51201,51202],{},"That includes:",[240,51204,51205,51207,51209],{},[243,51206,36204],{},[243,51208,10490],{},[243,51210,51211],{},"punctuation",[14,51213,358],{},[46,51215,51217],{"className":48,"code":51216,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"Hi there!\"\nprint(len(text))  # 9\n",[18,51218,51219,51232],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,51220,51221,51223,51225,51227,51230],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,51222,34746],{"class":902},[55,51224,906],{"class":703},[55,51226,793],{"class":109},[55,51228,51229],{"class":129},"Hi there!",[55,51231,1052],{"class":109},[55,51233,51234,51236,51238,51240,51242,51244,51246],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,51235,62],{"class":61},[55,51237,66],{"class":65},[55,51239,11202],{"class":61},[55,51241,66],{"class":65},[55,51243,34767],{"class":318},[55,51245,5645],{"class":65},[55,51247,51248],{"class":3956},"  # 9\n",[14,51250,51251,51252,2794],{},"Why is the result ",[18,51253,2446],{},[240,51255,51256,51262,51266,51269],{},[243,51257,51258,51261],{},[18,51259,51260],{},"H"," = 1",[243,51263,51264,51261],{},[18,51265,36215],{},[243,51267,51268],{},"space = 1",[243,51270,51271,51274],{},[18,51272,51273],{},"t h e r e !"," = 6",[14,51276,51277,51278],{},"Total: ",[18,51279,2446],{},[14,51281,51282,51283,790],{},"An empty string has length ",[18,51284,76],{},[46,51286,51288],{"className":48,"code":51287,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"empty_text = \"\"\nprint(len(empty_text))  # 0\n",[18,51289,51290,51299],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,51291,51292,51295,51297],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,51293,51294],{"class":902},"empty_text ",[55,51296,906],{"class":703},[55,51298,1009],{"class":109},[55,51300,51301,51303,51305,51307,51309,51312,51314],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,51302,62],{"class":61},[55,51304,66],{"class":65},[55,51306,11202],{"class":61},[55,51308,66],{"class":65},[55,51310,51311],{"class":318},"empty_text",[55,51313,5645],{"class":65},[55,51315,51316],{"class":3956},"  # 0\n",[14,51318,51319],{},"This matters when checking user input:",[46,51321,51323],{"className":48,"code":51322,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"user_name = \"Alice\"\n\nif len(user_name) >= 3:\n    print(\"Name is long enough\")\n",[18,51324,51325,51338,51342,51362],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,51326,51327,51330,51332,51334,51336],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,51328,51329],{"class":902},"user_name ",[55,51331,906],{"class":703},[55,51333,793],{"class":109},[55,51335,5290],{"class":129},[55,51337,1052],{"class":109},[55,51339,51340],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,51341,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,51343,51344,51346,51348,51350,51353,51355,51358,51360],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,51345,38],{"class":1193},[55,51347,38449],{"class":61},[55,51349,66],{"class":65},[55,51351,51352],{"class":318},"user_name",[55,51354,3953],{"class":65},[55,51356,51357],{"class":703}," >=",[55,51359,171],{"class":75},[55,51361,1199],{"class":65},[55,51363,51364,51366,51368,51370,51373,51375],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,51365,1204],{"class":61},[55,51367,66],{"class":65},[55,51369,126],{"class":109},[55,51371,51372],{"class":129},"Name is long enough",[55,51374,126],{"class":109},[55,51376,322],{"class":65},[41,51378,51380],{"id":51379},"using-len-with-lists-and-tuples","Using len() with lists and tuples",[14,51382,51383,51384,51386],{},"For lists and tuples, ",[18,51385,42426],{}," counts how many elements are stored.",[14,51388,51389],{},"Example with a list:",[46,51391,51393],{"className":48,"code":51392,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))  # 3\n",[18,51394,51395,51427],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,51396,51397,51399,51401,51403,51405,51407,51409,51411,51413,51415,51417,51419,51421,51423,51425],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,51398,13121],{"class":902},[55,51400,906],{"class":703},[55,51402,909],{"class":65},[55,51404,126],{"class":109},[55,51406,13138],{"class":129},[55,51408,126],{"class":109},[55,51410,163],{"class":65},[55,51412,793],{"class":109},[55,51414,17505],{"class":129},[55,51416,126],{"class":109},[55,51418,163],{"class":65},[55,51420,793],{"class":109},[55,51422,13155],{"class":129},[55,51424,126],{"class":109},[55,51426,924],{"class":65},[55,51428,51429,51431,51433,51435,51437,51439,51441],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,51430,62],{"class":61},[55,51432,66],{"class":65},[55,51434,11202],{"class":61},[55,51436,66],{"class":65},[55,51438,17552],{"class":318},[55,51440,5645],{"class":65},[55,51442,50839],{"class":3956},[14,51444,37979],{},[46,51446,51448],{"className":48,"code":51447,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"point = (10, 20)\nprint(len(point))  # 2\n",[18,51449,51450,51467],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,51451,51452,51455,51457,51459,51461,51463,51465],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,51453,51454],{"class":902},"point ",[55,51456,906],{"class":703},[55,51458,9273],{"class":65},[55,51460,376],{"class":75},[55,51462,163],{"class":65},[55,51464,916],{"class":75},[55,51466,322],{"class":65},[55,51468,51469,51471,51473,51475,51477,51480,51482],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,51470,62],{"class":61},[55,51472,66],{"class":65},[55,51474,11202],{"class":61},[55,51476,66],{"class":65},[55,51478,51479],{"class":318},"point",[55,51481,5645],{"class":65},[55,51483,51484],{"class":3956},"  # 2\n",[14,51486,51487],{},"This is useful before indexing so you do not try to access an item that is not there:",[46,51489,51491],{"className":48,"code":51490,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\n\nif len(items) > 1:\n    print(items[1])  # banana\n",[18,51492,51493,51517,51521,51539],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,51494,51495,51497,51499,51501,51503,51505,51507,51509,51511,51513,51515],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,51496,903],{"class":902},[55,51498,906],{"class":703},[55,51500,909],{"class":65},[55,51502,126],{"class":109},[55,51504,4364],{"class":129},[55,51506,126],{"class":109},[55,51508,163],{"class":65},[55,51510,793],{"class":109},[55,51512,4373],{"class":129},[55,51514,126],{"class":109},[55,51516,924],{"class":65},[55,51518,51519],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,51520,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,51522,51523,51525,51527,51529,51531,51533,51535,51537],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,51524,38],{"class":1193},[55,51526,38449],{"class":61},[55,51528,66],{"class":65},[55,51530,937],{"class":318},[55,51532,3953],{"class":65},[55,51534,38459],{"class":703},[55,51536,5782],{"class":75},[55,51538,1199],{"class":65},[55,51540,51541,51543,51545,51547,51549,51551,51553],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,51542,1204],{"class":61},[55,51544,66],{"class":65},[55,51546,937],{"class":318},[55,51548,4186],{"class":65},[55,51550,93],{"class":75},[55,51552,20497],{"class":65},[55,51554,51555],{"class":3956},"  # banana\n",[14,51557,51558],{},"It is also common in loops and checks:",[46,51560,51562],{"className":48,"code":51561,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"scores = [88, 91, 75]\nprint(\"Number of scores:\", len(scores))\n",[18,51563,51564,51587],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,51565,51566,51568,51570,51572,51575,51577,51580,51582,51585],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,51567,5350],{"class":902},[55,51569,906],{"class":703},[55,51571,909],{"class":65},[55,51573,51574],{"class":75},"88",[55,51576,163],{"class":65},[55,51578,51579],{"class":75}," 91",[55,51581,163],{"class":65},[55,51583,51584],{"class":75}," 75",[55,51586,924],{"class":65},[55,51588,51589,51591,51593,51595,51598,51600,51602,51604,51606,51608],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,51590,62],{"class":61},[55,51592,66],{"class":65},[55,51594,126],{"class":109},[55,51596,51597],{"class":129},"Number of scores:",[55,51599,126],{"class":109},[55,51601,163],{"class":65},[55,51603,38449],{"class":61},[55,51605,66],{"class":65},[55,51607,16437],{"class":318},[55,51609,79],{"class":65},[14,51611,51612,51613,29],{},"If you want a task-focused example, see ",[294,51614,51616],{"href":51615},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to get the length of a list in Python",[41,51618,51620],{"id":51619},"using-len-with-dictionaries-and-sets","Using len() with dictionaries and sets",[14,51622,51623,51624,51626],{},"For dictionaries, ",[18,51625,42426],{}," counts keys.",[46,51628,51630],{"className":48,"code":51629,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Mia\",\n    \"age\": 12,\n    \"grade\": \"A\"\n}\n\nprint(len(student))  # 3\n",[18,51631,51632,51640,51658,51672,51688,51692,51696],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,51633,51634,51636,51638],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,51635,12908],{"class":902},[55,51637,906],{"class":703},[55,51639,11535],{"class":65},[55,51641,51642,51644,51646,51648,51650,51652,51654,51656],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,51643,11540],{"class":109},[55,51645,785],{"class":129},[55,51647,126],{"class":109},[55,51649,790],{"class":65},[55,51651,793],{"class":109},[55,51653,1049],{"class":129},[55,51655,126],{"class":109},[55,51657,11556],{"class":65},[55,51659,51660,51662,51664,51666,51668,51670],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,51661,11540],{"class":109},[55,51663,9336],{"class":129},[55,51665,126],{"class":109},[55,51667,790],{"class":65},[55,51669,30999],{"class":75},[55,51671,11556],{"class":65},[55,51673,51674,51676,51678,51680,51682,51684,51686],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,51675,11540],{"class":109},[55,51677,19942],{"class":129},[55,51679,126],{"class":109},[55,51681,790],{"class":65},[55,51683,793],{"class":109},[55,51685,22297],{"class":129},[55,51687,1052],{"class":109},[55,51689,51690],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,51691,9346],{"class":65},[55,51693,51694],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,51695,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,51697,51698,51700,51702,51704,51706,51708,51710],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,51699,62],{"class":61},[55,51701,66],{"class":65},[55,51703,11202],{"class":61},[55,51705,66],{"class":65},[55,51707,13672],{"class":318},[55,51709,5645],{"class":65},[55,51711,50839],{"class":3956},[14,51713,51714,51715,51717],{},"Even though the dictionary has keys and values, ",[18,51716,42426],{}," returns the number of keys.",[14,51719,51720,51721,51723],{},"For sets, ",[18,51722,42426],{}," counts unique items:",[46,51725,51727],{"className":48,"code":51726,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 3, 2}\nprint(len(numbers))  # 3\n",[18,51728,51729,51757],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,51730,51731,51733,51735,51737,51739,51741,51743,51745,51747,51749,51751,51753,51755],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,51732,1168],{"class":902},[55,51734,906],{"class":703},[55,51736,10529],{"class":65},[55,51738,93],{"class":75},[55,51740,163],{"class":65},[55,51742,166],{"class":75},[55,51744,163],{"class":65},[55,51746,171],{"class":75},[55,51748,163],{"class":65},[55,51750,171],{"class":75},[55,51752,163],{"class":65},[55,51754,166],{"class":75},[55,51756,9346],{"class":65},[55,51758,51759,51761,51763,51765,51767,51769,51771],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,51760,62],{"class":61},[55,51762,66],{"class":65},[55,51764,11202],{"class":61},[55,51766,66],{"class":65},[55,51768,332],{"class":318},[55,51770,5645],{"class":65},[55,51772,50839],{"class":3956},[14,51774,51775],{},"The repeated values are removed in a set, so only unique items are counted.",[14,51777,51778],{},"This is useful when checking if a collection is empty:",[46,51780,51782],{"className":48,"code":51781,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {}\n\nif len(data) == 0:\n    print(\"The dictionary is empty\")\n",[18,51783,51784,51792,51796,51814],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,51785,51786,51788,51790],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,51787,9202],{"class":902},[55,51789,906],{"class":703},[55,51791,9876],{"class":65},[55,51793,51794],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,51795,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,51797,51798,51800,51802,51804,51806,51808,51810,51812],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,51799,38],{"class":1193},[55,51801,38449],{"class":61},[55,51803,66],{"class":65},[55,51805,9241],{"class":318},[55,51807,3953],{"class":65},[55,51809,6684],{"class":703},[55,51811,4121],{"class":75},[55,51813,1199],{"class":65},[55,51815,51816,51818,51820,51822,51825,51827],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,51817,1204],{"class":61},[55,51819,66],{"class":65},[55,51821,126],{"class":109},[55,51823,51824],{"class":129},"The dictionary is empty",[55,51826,126],{"class":109},[55,51828,322],{"class":65},[41,51830,41110],{"id":41109},[14,51832,51833,51834,29],{},"Here are some practical ways beginners use ",[18,51835,42426],{},[889,51837,51839],{"id":51838},"check-if-a-list-is-empty","Check if a list is empty",[46,51841,51843],{"className":48,"code":51842,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = []\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[18,51844,51845,51853,51857,51875],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,51846,51847,51849,51851],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,51848,903],{"class":902},[55,51850,906],{"class":703},[55,51852,966],{"class":65},[55,51854,51855],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,51856,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,51858,51859,51861,51863,51865,51867,51869,51871,51873],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,51860,38],{"class":1193},[55,51862,38449],{"class":61},[55,51864,66],{"class":65},[55,51866,937],{"class":318},[55,51868,3953],{"class":65},[55,51870,6684],{"class":703},[55,51872,4121],{"class":75},[55,51874,1199],{"class":65},[55,51876,51877,51879,51881,51883,51886,51888],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,51878,1204],{"class":61},[55,51880,66],{"class":65},[55,51882,126],{"class":109},[55,51884,51885],{"class":129},"The list is empty",[55,51887,126],{"class":109},[55,51889,322],{"class":65},[889,51891,51893],{"id":51892},"count-letters-in-user-input","Count letters in user input",[46,51895,51897],{"className":48,"code":51896,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"word = input(\"Enter a word: \")\nprint(\"Number of characters:\", len(word))\n",[18,51898,51899,51918],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,51900,51901,51903,51905,51907,51909,51911,51914,51916],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,51902,6433],{"class":902},[55,51904,906],{"class":703},[55,51906,1380],{"class":61},[55,51908,66],{"class":65},[55,51910,126],{"class":109},[55,51912,51913],{"class":129},"Enter a word: ",[55,51915,126],{"class":109},[55,51917,322],{"class":65},[55,51919,51920,51922,51924,51926,51929,51931,51933,51935,51937,51939],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,51921,62],{"class":61},[55,51923,66],{"class":65},[55,51925,126],{"class":109},[55,51927,51928],{"class":129},"Number of characters:",[55,51930,126],{"class":109},[55,51932,163],{"class":65},[55,51934,38449],{"class":61},[55,51936,66],{"class":65},[55,51938,38454],{"class":318},[55,51940,79],{"class":65},[889,51942,51944],{"id":51943},"validate-minimum-password-length","Validate minimum password length",[46,51946,51948],{"className":48,"code":51947,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"password = \"secret123\"\n\nif len(password) >= 8:\n    print(\"Password length is valid\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Password is too short\")\n",[18,51949,51950,51964,51968,51986,52001,52007],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,51951,51952,51955,51957,51959,51962],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,51953,51954],{"class":902},"password ",[55,51956,906],{"class":703},[55,51958,793],{"class":109},[55,51960,51961],{"class":129},"secret123",[55,51963,1052],{"class":109},[55,51965,51966],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,51967,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,51969,51970,51972,51974,51976,51978,51980,51982,51984],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,51971,38],{"class":1193},[55,51973,38449],{"class":61},[55,51975,66],{"class":65},[55,51977,17671],{"class":318},[55,51979,3953],{"class":65},[55,51981,51357],{"class":703},[55,51983,6636],{"class":75},[55,51985,1199],{"class":65},[55,51987,51988,51990,51992,51994,51997,51999],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,51989,1204],{"class":61},[55,51991,66],{"class":65},[55,51993,126],{"class":109},[55,51995,51996],{"class":129},"Password length is valid",[55,51998,126],{"class":109},[55,52000,322],{"class":65},[55,52002,52003,52005],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,52004,27488],{"class":1193},[55,52006,1199],{"class":65},[55,52008,52009,52011,52013,52015,52018,52020],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,52010,1204],{"class":61},[55,52012,66],{"class":65},[55,52014,126],{"class":109},[55,52016,52017],{"class":129},"Password is too short",[55,52019,126],{"class":109},[55,52021,322],{"class":65},[889,52023,52025],{"id":52024},"check-how-many-items-were-read","Check how many items were read",[46,52027,52029],{"className":48,"code":52028,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"results = [\"item1\", \"item2\", \"item3\"]\nprint(\"Items found:\", len(results))\n",[18,52030,52031,52067],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,52032,52033,52036,52038,52040,52042,52045,52047,52049,52051,52054,52056,52058,52060,52063,52065],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,52034,52035],{"class":902},"results ",[55,52037,906],{"class":703},[55,52039,909],{"class":65},[55,52041,126],{"class":109},[55,52043,52044],{"class":129},"item1",[55,52046,126],{"class":109},[55,52048,163],{"class":65},[55,52050,793],{"class":109},[55,52052,52053],{"class":129},"item2",[55,52055,126],{"class":109},[55,52057,163],{"class":65},[55,52059,793],{"class":109},[55,52061,52062],{"class":129},"item3",[55,52064,126],{"class":109},[55,52066,924],{"class":65},[55,52068,52069,52071,52073,52075,52078,52080,52082,52084,52086,52089],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,52070,62],{"class":61},[55,52072,66],{"class":65},[55,52074,126],{"class":109},[55,52076,52077],{"class":129},"Items found:",[55,52079,126],{"class":109},[55,52081,163],{"class":65},[55,52083,38449],{"class":61},[55,52085,66],{"class":65},[55,52087,52088],{"class":318},"results",[55,52090,79],{"class":65},[14,52092,52093],{},"These are the kinds of small checks that make programs safer and easier to debug.",[41,52095,52097],{"id":52096},"objects-that-can-cause-errors","Objects that can cause errors",[14,52099,52100,52102],{},[18,52101,42426],{}," does not work on every value.",[14,52104,52105,52106,790],{},"These will raise a ",[18,52107,3303],{},[240,52109,52110,52113,52116],{},[243,52111,52112],{},"plain integers",[243,52114,52115],{},"floats",[243,52117,52118],{},[18,52119,481],{},[14,52121,358],{},[46,52123,52125],{"className":48,"code":52124,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(len(5))\n",[18,52126,52127],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,52128,52129,52131,52133,52135,52137,52139],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,52130,62],{"class":61},[55,52132,66],{"class":65},[55,52134,11202],{"class":61},[55,52136,66],{"class":65},[55,52138,688],{"class":75},[55,52140,79],{"class":65},[14,52142,52143,52144,52146],{},"This causes an error because the integer ",[18,52145,688],{}," does not have a length.",[14,52148,52149],{},"Another example:",[46,52151,52153],{"className":48,"code":52152,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(len(3.14))\n",[18,52154,52155],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,52156,52157,52159,52161,52163,52165,52167],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,52158,62],{"class":61},[55,52160,66],{"class":65},[55,52162,11202],{"class":61},[55,52164,66],{"class":65},[55,52166,40207],{"class":75},[55,52168,79],{"class":65},[14,52170,52171,52172,790],{},"And with ",[18,52173,481],{},[46,52175,52177],{"className":48,"code":52176,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = None\nprint(len(value))\n",[18,52178,52179,52187],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,52180,52181,52183,52185],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,52182,1654],{"class":902},[55,52184,906],{"class":703},[55,52186,48595],{"class":187},[55,52188,52189,52191,52193,52195,52197,52199],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,52190,62],{"class":61},[55,52192,66],{"class":65},[55,52194,11202],{"class":61},[55,52196,66],{"class":65},[55,52198,319],{"class":318},[55,52200,79],{"class":65},[14,52202,52203,52204,29],{},"If your code fails because a value is missing, it may help to read ",[294,52205,52207],{"href":52206},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-nonetype-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable",[41,52209,52211],{"id":52210},"how-to-avoid-mistakes","How to avoid mistakes",[14,52213,52214,52215,52217],{},"Before using ",[18,52216,42426],{},", make sure the value is a string or collection.",[14,52219,52220],{},"Helpful debugging steps:",[46,52222,52224],{"className":48,"code":52223,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = None\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(isinstance(value, list))\nprint(isinstance(value, dict))\n",[18,52225,52226,52234,52238,52248,52262,52280,52298],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,52227,52228,52230,52232],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,52229,1654],{"class":902},[55,52231,906],{"class":703},[55,52233,48595],{"class":187},[55,52235,52236],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,52237,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,52239,52240,52242,52244,52246],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,52241,62],{"class":61},[55,52243,66],{"class":65},[55,52245,319],{"class":318},[55,52247,322],{"class":65},[55,52249,52250,52252,52254,52256,52258,52260],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,52251,62],{"class":61},[55,52253,66],{"class":65},[55,52255,1879],{"class":69},[55,52257,66],{"class":65},[55,52259,319],{"class":318},[55,52261,79],{"class":65},[55,52263,52264,52266,52268,52270,52272,52274,52276,52278],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,52265,62],{"class":61},[55,52267,66],{"class":65},[55,52269,48943],{"class":61},[55,52271,66],{"class":65},[55,52273,319],{"class":318},[55,52275,163],{"class":65},[55,52277,48972],{"class":69},[55,52279,79],{"class":65},[55,52281,52282,52284,52286,52288,52290,52292,52294,52296],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,52283,62],{"class":61},[55,52285,66],{"class":65},[55,52287,48943],{"class":61},[55,52289,66],{"class":65},[55,52291,319],{"class":318},[55,52293,163],{"class":65},[55,52295,22612],{"class":69},[55,52297,79],{"class":65},[55,52299,52300,52302,52304,52306,52308,52310,52312,52314],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,52301,62],{"class":61},[55,52303,66],{"class":65},[55,52305,48943],{"class":61},[55,52307,66],{"class":65},[55,52309,319],{"class":318},[55,52311,163],{"class":65},[55,52313,9207],{"class":69},[55,52315,79],{"class":65},[14,52317,52318],{},"This helps you see what the variable actually contains.",[14,52320,52321],{},"You can also use a safe check:",[46,52323,52325],{"className":48,"code":52324,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = \"hello\"\n\nif value is not None:\n    print(len(value))\n",[18,52326,52327,52339,52343,52357],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,52328,52329,52331,52333,52335,52337],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,52330,1654],{"class":902},[55,52332,906],{"class":703},[55,52334,793],{"class":109},[55,52336,130],{"class":129},[55,52338,1052],{"class":109},[55,52340,52341],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,52342,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,52344,52345,52347,52349,52351,52353,52355],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,52346,38],{"class":1193},[55,52348,21636],{"class":902},[55,52350,12237],{"class":703},[55,52352,1235],{"class":703},[55,52354,4139],{"class":187},[55,52356,1199],{"class":65},[55,52358,52359,52361,52363,52365,52367,52369],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,52360,1204],{"class":61},[55,52362,66],{"class":65},[55,52364,11202],{"class":61},[55,52366,66],{"class":65},[55,52368,319],{"class":318},[55,52370,79],{"class":65},[14,52372,52373,52374,29],{},"If you are learning how to inspect values, see ",[294,52375,1582],{"href":1581},[41,52377,1586],{"id":1585},[14,52379,23147,52380,790],{},[18,52381,42426],{},[240,52383,52384,52392,52400,52408,52414],{},[243,52385,1556,52386,52388,52389],{},[18,52387,42426],{}," on an integer like ",[18,52390,52391],{},"len(5)",[243,52393,1556,52394,52396,52397],{},[18,52395,42426],{}," on a float like ",[18,52398,52399],{},"len(3.14)",[243,52401,1556,52402,52404,52405,52407],{},[18,52403,42426],{}," on ",[18,52406,481],{}," after a function returns nothing",[243,52409,4864,52410,52413],{},[18,52411,52412],{},"len(dictionary)"," counts values instead of keys",[243,52415,52416],{},"Forgetting that spaces count in string length",[14,52418,52419],{},"Example of a dictionary misunderstanding:",[46,52421,52423],{"className":48,"code":52422,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(len(person))  # 2\n",[18,52424,52425,52461],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,52426,52427,52429,52431,52433,52435,52437,52439,52441,52443,52445,52447,52449,52451,52453,52455,52457,52459],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,52428,13250],{"class":902},[55,52430,906],{"class":703},[55,52432,10529],{"class":65},[55,52434,126],{"class":109},[55,52436,785],{"class":129},[55,52438,126],{"class":109},[55,52440,790],{"class":65},[55,52442,793],{"class":109},[55,52444,12925],{"class":129},[55,52446,126],{"class":109},[55,52448,163],{"class":65},[55,52450,793],{"class":109},[55,52452,9336],{"class":129},[55,52454,126],{"class":109},[55,52456,790],{"class":65},[55,52458,916],{"class":75},[55,52460,9346],{"class":65},[55,52462,52463,52465,52467,52469,52471,52473,52475],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,52464,62],{"class":61},[55,52466,66],{"class":65},[55,52468,11202],{"class":61},[55,52470,66],{"class":65},[55,52472,17356],{"class":318},[55,52474,5645],{"class":65},[55,52476,51484],{"class":3956},[14,52478,37657,52479,52481,52482,4679,52484,29],{},[18,52480,707],{}," because there are two keys: ",[18,52483,15287],{},[18,52485,52486],{},"\"age\"",[14,52488,52489],{},"Example showing that spaces count:",[46,52491,52493],{"className":48,"code":52492,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"a b\"\nprint(len(text))  # 3\n",[18,52494,52495,52508],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,52496,52497,52499,52501,52503,52506],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,52498,34746],{"class":902},[55,52500,906],{"class":703},[55,52502,793],{"class":109},[55,52504,52505],{"class":129},"a b",[55,52507,1052],{"class":109},[55,52509,52510,52512,52514,52516,52518,52520,52522],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,52511,62],{"class":61},[55,52513,66],{"class":65},[55,52515,11202],{"class":61},[55,52517,66],{"class":65},[55,52519,34767],{"class":318},[55,52521,5645],{"class":65},[55,52523,50839],{"class":3956},[14,52525,52526],{},"The space in the middle is counted as a character.",[41,52528,2139],{"id":2138},[889,52530,52532],{"id":52531},"what-does-len-return-in-python","What does len() return in Python?",[14,52534,52535],{},"It returns an integer that shows how many characters or items an object contains.",[889,52537,52539],{"id":52538},"does-len-count-spaces-in-a-string","Does len() count spaces in a string?",[14,52541,52542],{},"Yes. Spaces are characters, so they are included.",[889,52544,52546],{"id":52545},"what-does-len-return-for-a-dictionary","What does len() return for a dictionary?",[14,52548,52549],{},"It returns the number of keys in the dictionary.",[889,52551,52553],{"id":52552},"can-i-use-len-on-a-number","Can I use len() on a number?",[14,52555,52556,52557,52559,52560,25,52562,52564,52565,29],{},"No. Using ",[18,52558,42426],{}," on an ",[18,52561,2492],{},[18,52563,2496],{}," raises a ",[18,52566,3303],{},[889,52568,52570],{"id":52569},"how-do-i-check-if-a-list-is-empty","How do I check if a list is empty?",[14,52572,884,52573,29],{},[18,52574,52575],{},"len(my_list) == 0",[14,52577,358],{},[46,52579,52581],{"className":48,"code":52580,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_list = []\n\nif len(my_list) == 0:\n    print(\"Empty list\")\n",[18,52582,52583,52591,52595,52613],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,52584,52585,52587,52589],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,52586,1446],{"class":902},[55,52588,906],{"class":703},[55,52590,966],{"class":65},[55,52592,52593],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,52594,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,52596,52597,52599,52601,52603,52605,52607,52609,52611],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,52598,38],{"class":1193},[55,52600,38449],{"class":61},[55,52602,66],{"class":65},[55,52604,1477],{"class":318},[55,52606,3953],{"class":65},[55,52608,6684],{"class":703},[55,52610,4121],{"class":75},[55,52612,1199],{"class":65},[55,52614,52615,52617,52619,52621,52624,52626],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,52616,1204],{"class":61},[55,52618,66],{"class":65},[55,52620,126],{"class":109},[55,52622,52623],{"class":129},"Empty list",[55,52625,126],{"class":109},[55,52627,322],{"class":65},[14,52629,52630,52631,52633,52634,52636,52637,52639],{},"You should also learn that an empty list is treated as ",[18,52632,28],{}," in an ",[18,52635,38],{}," statement, but ",[18,52638,42426],{}," is often clearer for beginners.",[41,52641,2193],{"id":2192},[240,52643,52644,52648,52652,52656,52661,52665,52671],{},[243,52645,52646],{},[294,52647,51045],{"href":51044},[243,52649,52650],{},[294,52651,51049],{"href":51048},[243,52653,52654],{},[294,52655,9192],{"href":9191},[243,52657,52658],{},[294,52659,52660],{"href":51615},"How to get the length of a list in Python",[243,52662,52663],{},[294,52664,1582],{"href":1581},[243,52666,52667],{},[294,52668,52670],{"href":52669},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable fix",[243,52672,52673],{},[294,52674,52675],{"href":52206},"TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable fix",[2226,52677,52678],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":52680},[52681,52682,52683,52684,52685,52686,52687,52693,52694,52695,52696,52703],{"id":2307,"depth":82,"text":2308},{"id":50847,"depth":82,"text":50848},{"id":2459,"depth":82,"text":2460},{"id":51192,"depth":82,"text":51193},{"id":51379,"depth":82,"text":51380},{"id":51619,"depth":82,"text":51620},{"id":41109,"depth":82,"text":41110,"children":52688},[52689,52690,52691,52692],{"id":51838,"depth":98,"text":51839},{"id":51892,"depth":98,"text":51893},{"id":51943,"depth":98,"text":51944},{"id":52024,"depth":98,"text":52025},{"id":52096,"depth":82,"text":52097},{"id":52210,"depth":82,"text":52211},{"id":1585,"depth":82,"text":1586},{"id":2138,"depth":82,"text":2139,"children":52697},[52698,52699,52700,52701,52702],{"id":52531,"depth":98,"text":52532},{"id":52538,"depth":98,"text":52539},{"id":52545,"depth":98,"text":52546},{"id":52552,"depth":98,"text":52553},{"id":52569,"depth":98,"text":52570},{"id":2192,"depth":82,"text":2193},"Master python len function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained",{"title":50730,"description":52704},"reference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained","du6gacH3zkUY8V4BWqahXrJZO1Il9uelaQIY05kGhk4",{"id":52711,"title":52712,"body":52713,"description":54398,"extension":2267,"meta":54399,"navigation":1121,"path":54400,"seo":54401,"stem":54402,"__hash__":54403},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method.md","Python List append() Method",{"type":7,"value":52714,"toc":54371},[52715,52718,52732,52738,52740,52794,52799,52803,52819,52822,52836,52842,52844,52847,52866,52882,52884,52960,52962,52999,53010,53012,53015,53076,53078,53111,53114,53120,53124,53127,53252,53254,53313,53321,53374,53376,53403,53409,53419,53423,53426,53431,53483,53485,53511,53517,53571,53573,53598,53601,53625,53631,53633,53637,53639,53696,53698,53706,53708,53730,53732,53785,53787,53811,53815,53817,53856,53858,53866,53872,53876,53928,53930,53956,53964,53968,53973,53982,53984,54050,54052,54084,54088,54093,54095,54109,54112,54185,54187,54213,54215,54219,54226,54230,54237,54241,54244,54246,54299,54301,54327,54331,54340,54342,54368],[10,52716,52712],{"id":52717},"python-list-append-method",[14,52719,16,52720,52723,52724,52727,52728,52731],{},[18,52721,52722],{},"append()"," method adds ",[435,52725,52726],{},"one item"," to the ",[435,52729,52730],{},"end"," of a Python list.",[14,52733,52734,52735,52737],{},"Use it when you want to grow a list step by step. This method changes the original list directly, so it does ",[435,52736,4916],{}," create a new list.",[41,52739,44],{"id":43},[46,52741,52743],{"className":48,"code":52742,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.append(4)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,52744,52745,52765,52779,52789],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,52746,52747,52749,52751,52753,52755,52757,52759,52761,52763],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,52748,1168],{"class":902},[55,52750,906],{"class":703},[55,52752,909],{"class":65},[55,52754,93],{"class":75},[55,52756,163],{"class":65},[55,52758,166],{"class":75},[55,52760,163],{"class":65},[55,52762,171],{"class":75},[55,52764,924],{"class":65},[55,52766,52767,52769,52771,52773,52775,52777],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,52768,332],{"class":902},[55,52770,29],{"class":65},[55,52772,13599],{"class":318},[55,52774,66],{"class":65},[55,52776,2807],{"class":75},[55,52778,322],{"class":65},[55,52780,52781,52783,52785,52787],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,52782,62],{"class":61},[55,52784,66],{"class":65},[55,52786,332],{"class":318},[55,52788,322],{"class":65},[55,52790,52791],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,52792,52793],{"class":3956},"# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[14,52795,212,52796,52798],{},[18,52797,52722],{}," to add one item to the end of a list. It changes the original list.",[41,52800,52802],{"id":52801},"what-append-does","What append() does",[240,52804,52805,52810,52813,52816],{},[243,52806,52807,52809],{},[18,52808,52722],{}," adds one item to the end of a list",[243,52811,52812],{},"It changes the existing list in place",[243,52814,52815],{},"It does not create a new list",[243,52817,52818],{},"It can add any Python object as one item",[14,52820,52821],{},"This means you can append:",[240,52823,52824,52826,52828,52830,52832,52834],{},[243,52825,332],{},[243,52827,335],{},[243,52829,40658],{},[243,52831,338],{},[243,52833,344],{},[243,52835,34720],{},[14,52837,52838,52839,29],{},"If you need a broader introduction to lists first, see ",[294,52840,52841],{"href":51048},"Python lists explained for beginners",[41,52843,5715],{"id":5714},[14,52845,52846],{},"Basic form:",[46,52848,52850],{"className":48,"code":52849,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_list.append(item)\n",[18,52851,52852],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,52853,52854,52856,52858,52860,52862,52864],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,52855,1477],{"class":902},[55,52857,29],{"class":65},[55,52859,13599],{"class":318},[55,52861,66],{"class":65},[55,52863,23363],{"class":318},[55,52865,322],{"class":65},[240,52867,52868,52873,52878],{},[243,52869,52870,52872],{},[18,52871,1477],{}," is the list you want to change",[243,52874,52875,52877],{},[18,52876,23363],{}," is the value or object to add",[243,52879,11954,52880],{},[18,52881,481],{},[14,52883,358],{},[46,52885,52887],{"className":48,"code":52886,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nresult = fruits.append(\"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(result)\n",[18,52888,52889,52913,52936,52940,52950],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,52890,52891,52893,52895,52897,52899,52901,52903,52905,52907,52909,52911],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,52892,36300],{"class":902},[55,52894,906],{"class":703},[55,52896,909],{"class":65},[55,52898,126],{"class":109},[55,52900,4364],{"class":129},[55,52902,126],{"class":109},[55,52904,163],{"class":65},[55,52906,793],{"class":109},[55,52908,4373],{"class":129},[55,52910,126],{"class":109},[55,52912,924],{"class":65},[55,52914,52915,52917,52919,52922,52924,52926,52928,52930,52932,52934],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,52916,2534],{"class":902},[55,52918,906],{"class":703},[55,52920,52921],{"class":902}," fruits",[55,52923,29],{"class":65},[55,52925,13599],{"class":318},[55,52927,66],{"class":65},[55,52929,126],{"class":109},[55,52931,33278],{"class":129},[55,52933,126],{"class":109},[55,52935,322],{"class":65},[55,52937,52938],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,52939,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,52941,52942,52944,52946,52948],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,52943,62],{"class":61},[55,52945,66],{"class":65},[55,52947,36352],{"class":318},[55,52949,322],{"class":65},[55,52951,52952,52954,52956,52958],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,52953,62],{"class":61},[55,52955,66],{"class":65},[55,52957,2569],{"class":318},[55,52959,322],{"class":65},[14,52961,281],{},[46,52963,52965],{"className":48,"code":52964,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\nNone\n",[18,52966,52967,52995],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,52968,52969,52971,52973,52975,52977,52979,52981,52983,52985,52987,52989,52991,52993],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,52970,4186],{"class":65},[55,52972,1923],{"class":109},[55,52974,4364],{"class":129},[55,52976,1923],{"class":109},[55,52978,163],{"class":65},[55,52980,1918],{"class":109},[55,52982,4373],{"class":129},[55,52984,1923],{"class":109},[55,52986,163],{"class":65},[55,52988,1918],{"class":109},[55,52990,33278],{"class":129},[55,52992,1923],{"class":109},[55,52994,924],{"class":65},[55,52996,52997],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,52998,11851],{"class":187},[14,53000,53001,53002,53004,53005,53007,53008,29],{},"The important detail is that ",[18,53003,52722],{}," updates ",[18,53006,36352],{},", but the method itself returns ",[18,53009,481],{},[41,53011,11517],{"id":11516},[14,53013,53014],{},"Start with a short list, append one value, then print the list.",[46,53016,53018],{"className":48,"code":53017,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.append(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[18,53019,53020,53044,53062,53066],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,53021,53022,53024,53026,53028,53030,53032,53034,53036,53038,53040,53042],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,53023,13121],{"class":902},[55,53025,906],{"class":703},[55,53027,909],{"class":65},[55,53029,126],{"class":109},[55,53031,13138],{"class":129},[55,53033,126],{"class":109},[55,53035,163],{"class":65},[55,53037,793],{"class":109},[55,53039,13155],{"class":129},[55,53041,126],{"class":109},[55,53043,924],{"class":65},[55,53045,53046,53048,53050,53052,53054,53056,53058,53060],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,53047,17552],{"class":902},[55,53049,29],{"class":65},[55,53051,13599],{"class":318},[55,53053,66],{"class":65},[55,53055,126],{"class":109},[55,53057,17505],{"class":129},[55,53059,126],{"class":109},[55,53061,322],{"class":65},[55,53063,53064],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,53065,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,53067,53068,53070,53072,53074],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,53069,62],{"class":61},[55,53071,66],{"class":65},[55,53073,17552],{"class":318},[55,53075,322],{"class":65},[14,53077,281],{},[46,53079,53081],{"className":48,"code":53080,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[18,53082,53083],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,53084,53085,53087,53089,53091,53093,53095,53097,53099,53101,53103,53105,53107,53109],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,53086,4186],{"class":65},[55,53088,1923],{"class":109},[55,53090,13138],{"class":129},[55,53092,1923],{"class":109},[55,53094,163],{"class":65},[55,53096,1918],{"class":109},[55,53098,13155],{"class":129},[55,53100,1923],{"class":109},[55,53102,163],{"class":65},[55,53104,1918],{"class":109},[55,53106,17505],{"class":129},[55,53108,1923],{"class":109},[55,53110,924],{"class":65},[14,53112,53113],{},"The new item becomes the last item in the list.",[14,53115,31139,53116,29],{},[294,53117,53119],{"href":53118},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to add an item to a list in Python",[41,53121,53123],{"id":53122},"appending-different-data-types","Appending different data types",[14,53125,53126],{},"You can append many kinds of values.",[46,53128,53130],{"className":48,"code":53129,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = []\n\nitems.append(10)\nitems.append(\"hello\")\nitems.append(True)\nitems.append({\"name\": \"Sam\"})\nitems.append([1, 2, 3])\n\nprint(items)\n",[18,53131,53132,53140,53144,53158,53176,53190,53216,53238,53242],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,53133,53134,53136,53138],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,53135,903],{"class":902},[55,53137,906],{"class":703},[55,53139,966],{"class":65},[55,53141,53142],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,53143,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,53145,53146,53148,53150,53152,53154,53156],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,53147,937],{"class":902},[55,53149,29],{"class":65},[55,53151,13599],{"class":318},[55,53153,66],{"class":65},[55,53155,376],{"class":75},[55,53157,322],{"class":65},[55,53159,53160,53162,53164,53166,53168,53170,53172,53174],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,53161,937],{"class":902},[55,53163,29],{"class":65},[55,53165,13599],{"class":318},[55,53167,66],{"class":65},[55,53169,126],{"class":109},[55,53171,130],{"class":129},[55,53173,126],{"class":109},[55,53175,322],{"class":65},[55,53177,53178,53180,53182,53184,53186,53188],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,53179,937],{"class":902},[55,53181,29],{"class":65},[55,53183,13599],{"class":318},[55,53185,66],{"class":65},[55,53187,24],{"class":187},[55,53189,322],{"class":65},[55,53191,53192,53194,53196,53198,53200,53202,53204,53206,53208,53210,53212,53214],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,53193,937],{"class":902},[55,53195,29],{"class":65},[55,53197,13599],{"class":318},[55,53199,780],{"class":65},[55,53201,126],{"class":109},[55,53203,785],{"class":129},[55,53205,126],{"class":109},[55,53207,790],{"class":65},[55,53209,793],{"class":109},[55,53211,796],{"class":129},[55,53213,126],{"class":109},[55,53215,30552],{"class":65},[55,53217,53218,53220,53222,53224,53226,53228,53230,53232,53234,53236],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,53219,937],{"class":902},[55,53221,29],{"class":65},[55,53223,13599],{"class":318},[55,53225,158],{"class":65},[55,53227,93],{"class":75},[55,53229,163],{"class":65},[55,53231,166],{"class":75},[55,53233,163],{"class":65},[55,53235,171],{"class":75},[55,53237,4174],{"class":65},[55,53239,53240],{"class":57,"line":582},[55,53241,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,53243,53244,53246,53248,53250],{"class":57,"line":6706},[55,53245,62],{"class":61},[55,53247,66],{"class":65},[55,53249,937],{"class":318},[55,53251,322],{"class":65},[14,53253,281],{},[46,53255,53257],{"className":48,"code":53256,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[10, 'hello', True, {'name': 'Sam'}, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[18,53258,53259],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,53260,53261,53263,53265,53267,53269,53271,53273,53275,53277,53279,53281,53283,53285,53287,53289,53291,53293,53295,53298,53300,53302,53304,53306,53308,53310],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,53262,4186],{"class":65},[55,53264,376],{"class":75},[55,53266,163],{"class":65},[55,53268,1918],{"class":109},[55,53270,130],{"class":129},[55,53272,1923],{"class":109},[55,53274,163],{"class":65},[55,53276,4202],{"class":187},[55,53278,163],{"class":65},[55,53280,10529],{"class":65},[55,53282,1923],{"class":109},[55,53284,785],{"class":129},[55,53286,1923],{"class":109},[55,53288,790],{"class":65},[55,53290,1918],{"class":109},[55,53292,796],{"class":129},[55,53294,1923],{"class":109},[55,53296,53297],{"class":65},"},",[55,53299,909],{"class":65},[55,53301,93],{"class":75},[55,53303,163],{"class":65},[55,53305,166],{"class":75},[55,53307,163],{"class":65},[55,53309,171],{"class":75},[55,53311,53312],{"class":65},"]]\n",[14,53314,53315,53316,42220,53318,29],{},"A list added with ",[18,53317,52722],{},[435,53319,53320],{},"one single item",[46,53322,53324],{"className":48,"code":53323,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,53325,53326,53342,53360,53364],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,53327,53328,53330,53332,53334,53336,53338,53340],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,53329,1168],{"class":902},[55,53331,906],{"class":703},[55,53333,909],{"class":65},[55,53335,93],{"class":75},[55,53337,163],{"class":65},[55,53339,166],{"class":75},[55,53341,924],{"class":65},[55,53343,53344,53346,53348,53350,53352,53354,53356,53358],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,53345,332],{"class":902},[55,53347,29],{"class":65},[55,53349,13599],{"class":318},[55,53351,158],{"class":65},[55,53353,2366],{"class":75},[55,53355,163],{"class":65},[55,53357,2759],{"class":75},[55,53359,4174],{"class":65},[55,53361,53362],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,53363,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,53365,53366,53368,53370,53372],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,53367,62],{"class":61},[55,53369,66],{"class":65},[55,53371,332],{"class":318},[55,53373,322],{"class":65},[14,53375,281],{},[46,53377,53379],{"className":48,"code":53378,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[18,53380,53381],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,53382,53383,53385,53387,53389,53391,53393,53395,53397,53399,53401],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,53384,4186],{"class":65},[55,53386,93],{"class":75},[55,53388,163],{"class":65},[55,53390,166],{"class":75},[55,53392,163],{"class":65},[55,53394,909],{"class":65},[55,53396,2366],{"class":75},[55,53398,163],{"class":65},[55,53400,2759],{"class":75},[55,53402,53312],{"class":65},[14,53404,2591,53405,53408],{},[18,53406,53407],{},"[3, 4]"," was added as one nested list item.",[14,53410,53411,53412,53418],{},"This is different from ",[294,53413,53415],{"href":53414},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method\u002F",[18,53416,53417],{},"list.extend()",", which adds items one by one from another iterable.",[41,53420,53422],{"id":53421},"append-vs-extend","append() vs extend()",[14,53424,53425],{},"This is one of the most common beginner questions.",[889,53427,1556,53429],{"id":53428},"using-append",[18,53430,52722],{},[46,53432,53433],{"className":48,"code":53323,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,53434,53435,53451,53469,53473],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,53436,53437,53439,53441,53443,53445,53447,53449],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,53438,1168],{"class":902},[55,53440,906],{"class":703},[55,53442,909],{"class":65},[55,53444,93],{"class":75},[55,53446,163],{"class":65},[55,53448,166],{"class":75},[55,53450,924],{"class":65},[55,53452,53453,53455,53457,53459,53461,53463,53465,53467],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,53454,332],{"class":902},[55,53456,29],{"class":65},[55,53458,13599],{"class":318},[55,53460,158],{"class":65},[55,53462,2366],{"class":75},[55,53464,163],{"class":65},[55,53466,2759],{"class":75},[55,53468,4174],{"class":65},[55,53470,53471],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,53472,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,53474,53475,53477,53479,53481],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,53476,62],{"class":61},[55,53478,66],{"class":65},[55,53480,332],{"class":318},[55,53482,322],{"class":65},[14,53484,281],{},[46,53486,53487],{"className":48,"code":53378,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,53488,53489],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,53490,53491,53493,53495,53497,53499,53501,53503,53505,53507,53509],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,53492,4186],{"class":65},[55,53494,93],{"class":75},[55,53496,163],{"class":65},[55,53498,166],{"class":75},[55,53500,163],{"class":65},[55,53502,909],{"class":65},[55,53504,2366],{"class":75},[55,53506,163],{"class":65},[55,53508,2759],{"class":75},[55,53510,53312],{"class":65},[889,53512,1556,53514],{"id":53513},"using-extend",[18,53515,53516],{},"extend()",[46,53518,53520],{"className":48,"code":53519,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,53521,53522,53538,53557,53561],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,53523,53524,53526,53528,53530,53532,53534,53536],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,53525,1168],{"class":902},[55,53527,906],{"class":703},[55,53529,909],{"class":65},[55,53531,93],{"class":75},[55,53533,163],{"class":65},[55,53535,166],{"class":75},[55,53537,924],{"class":65},[55,53539,53540,53542,53544,53547,53549,53551,53553,53555],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,53541,332],{"class":902},[55,53543,29],{"class":65},[55,53545,53546],{"class":318},"extend",[55,53548,158],{"class":65},[55,53550,2366],{"class":75},[55,53552,163],{"class":65},[55,53554,2759],{"class":75},[55,53556,4174],{"class":65},[55,53558,53559],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,53560,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,53562,53563,53565,53567,53569],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,53564,62],{"class":61},[55,53566,66],{"class":65},[55,53568,332],{"class":318},[55,53570,322],{"class":65},[14,53572,281],{},[46,53574,53576],{"className":48,"code":53575,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,53577,53578],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,53579,53580,53582,53584,53586,53588,53590,53592,53594,53596],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,53581,4186],{"class":65},[55,53583,93],{"class":75},[55,53585,163],{"class":65},[55,53587,166],{"class":75},[55,53589,163],{"class":65},[55,53591,171],{"class":75},[55,53593,163],{"class":65},[55,53595,2759],{"class":75},[55,53597,924],{"class":65},[14,53599,53600],{},"The difference:",[240,53602,53603,53609,53615,53620],{},[243,53604,53605,53608],{},[18,53606,53607],{},"append([3, 4])"," adds one item: the whole list",[243,53610,53611,53614],{},[18,53612,53613],{},"extend([3, 4])"," adds two separate items",[243,53616,212,53617,53619],{},[18,53618,52722],{}," for one item",[243,53621,212,53622,53624],{},[18,53623,53516],{}," for multiple items from another iterable",[14,53626,53627,53628,29],{},"For the full method reference, see ",[294,53629,53630],{"href":53414},"Python list extend() method",[41,53632,4803],{"id":4802},[889,53634,53636],{"id":53635},"assigning-the-result-of-append","Assigning the result of append()",[14,53638,25744],{},[46,53640,53642],{"className":48,"code":53641,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[18,53643,53644,53664,53682,53686],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,53645,53646,53648,53650,53652,53654,53656,53658,53660,53662],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,53647,903],{"class":902},[55,53649,906],{"class":703},[55,53651,909],{"class":65},[55,53653,93],{"class":75},[55,53655,163],{"class":65},[55,53657,166],{"class":75},[55,53659,163],{"class":65},[55,53661,171],{"class":75},[55,53663,924],{"class":65},[55,53665,53666,53668,53670,53672,53674,53676,53678,53680],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,53667,903],{"class":902},[55,53669,906],{"class":703},[55,53671,6244],{"class":902},[55,53673,29],{"class":65},[55,53675,13599],{"class":318},[55,53677,66],{"class":65},[55,53679,2807],{"class":75},[55,53681,322],{"class":65},[55,53683,53684],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,53685,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,53687,53688,53690,53692,53694],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,53689,62],{"class":61},[55,53691,66],{"class":65},[55,53693,937],{"class":318},[55,53695,322],{"class":65},[14,53697,281],{},[46,53699,53700],{"className":48,"code":11851,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,53701,53702],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,53703,53704],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,53705,11851],{"class":187},[14,53707,11943],{},[240,53709,53710,53715,53721],{},[243,53711,53712,53714],{},[18,53713,52722],{}," changes the list in place",[243,53716,53717,1265,53719],{},[18,53718,52722],{},[18,53720,481],{},[243,53722,53723,53724,53727,53728],{},"So ",[18,53725,53726],{},"items = items.append(4)"," replaces your list with ",[18,53729,481],{},[14,53731,10847],{},[46,53733,53735],{"className":48,"code":53734,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[18,53736,53737,53757,53771,53775],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,53738,53739,53741,53743,53745,53747,53749,53751,53753,53755],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,53740,903],{"class":902},[55,53742,906],{"class":703},[55,53744,909],{"class":65},[55,53746,93],{"class":75},[55,53748,163],{"class":65},[55,53750,166],{"class":75},[55,53752,163],{"class":65},[55,53754,171],{"class":75},[55,53756,924],{"class":65},[55,53758,53759,53761,53763,53765,53767,53769],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,53760,937],{"class":902},[55,53762,29],{"class":65},[55,53764,13599],{"class":318},[55,53766,66],{"class":65},[55,53768,2807],{"class":75},[55,53770,322],{"class":65},[55,53772,53773],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,53774,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,53776,53777,53779,53781,53783],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,53778,62],{"class":61},[55,53780,66],{"class":65},[55,53782,937],{"class":318},[55,53784,322],{"class":65},[14,53786,281],{},[46,53788,53789],{"className":48,"code":53575,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,53790,53791],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,53792,53793,53795,53797,53799,53801,53803,53805,53807,53809],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,53794,4186],{"class":65},[55,53796,93],{"class":75},[55,53798,163],{"class":65},[55,53800,166],{"class":75},[55,53802,163],{"class":65},[55,53804,171],{"class":75},[55,53806,163],{"class":65},[55,53808,2759],{"class":75},[55,53810,924],{"class":65},[889,53812,53814],{"id":53813},"expecting-append-to-return-the-updated-list","Expecting append() to return the updated list",[14,53816,18964],{},[46,53818,53820],{"className":48,"code":53819,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"updated = [1, 2].append(3)\nprint(updated)\n",[18,53821,53822,53846],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,53823,53824,53826,53828,53830,53832,53834,53836,53838,53840,53842,53844],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,53825,31939],{"class":902},[55,53827,906],{"class":703},[55,53829,909],{"class":65},[55,53831,93],{"class":75},[55,53833,163],{"class":65},[55,53835,166],{"class":75},[55,53837,13596],{"class":65},[55,53839,13599],{"class":318},[55,53841,66],{"class":65},[55,53843,2366],{"class":75},[55,53845,322],{"class":65},[55,53847,53848,53850,53852,53854],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,53849,62],{"class":61},[55,53851,66],{"class":65},[55,53853,31958],{"class":318},[55,53855,322],{"class":65},[14,53857,281],{},[46,53859,53860],{"className":48,"code":11851,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,53861,53862],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,53863,53864],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,53865,11851],{"class":187},[14,53867,53868,53869,53871],{},"Remember: ",[18,53870,52722],{}," updates the list you already have.",[889,53873,53875],{"id":53874},"using-append-when-extend-is-needed","Using append() when extend() is needed",[46,53877,53878],{"className":48,"code":53323,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,53879,53880,53896,53914,53918],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,53881,53882,53884,53886,53888,53890,53892,53894],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,53883,1168],{"class":902},[55,53885,906],{"class":703},[55,53887,909],{"class":65},[55,53889,93],{"class":75},[55,53891,163],{"class":65},[55,53893,166],{"class":75},[55,53895,924],{"class":65},[55,53897,53898,53900,53902,53904,53906,53908,53910,53912],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,53899,332],{"class":902},[55,53901,29],{"class":65},[55,53903,13599],{"class":318},[55,53905,158],{"class":65},[55,53907,2366],{"class":75},[55,53909,163],{"class":65},[55,53911,2759],{"class":75},[55,53913,4174],{"class":65},[55,53915,53916],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,53917,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,53919,53920,53922,53924,53926],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,53921,62],{"class":61},[55,53923,66],{"class":65},[55,53925,332],{"class":318},[55,53927,322],{"class":65},[14,53929,281],{},[46,53931,53932],{"className":48,"code":53378,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,53933,53934],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,53935,53936,53938,53940,53942,53944,53946,53948,53950,53952,53954],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,53937,4186],{"class":65},[55,53939,93],{"class":75},[55,53941,163],{"class":65},[55,53943,166],{"class":75},[55,53945,163],{"class":65},[55,53947,909],{"class":65},[55,53949,2366],{"class":75},[55,53951,163],{"class":65},[55,53953,2759],{"class":75},[55,53955,53312],{"class":65},[14,53957,3468,53958,53961,53962,6906],{},[18,53959,53960],{},"[1, 2, 3, 4]",", use ",[18,53963,53516],{},[889,53965,53967],{"id":53966},"forgetting-that-append-always-adds-at-the-end","Forgetting that append() always adds at the end",[14,53969,53970,53972],{},[18,53971,52722],{}," cannot choose a position. It always adds the new item at the end of the list.",[14,53974,53975,53976,29],{},"If you need to add an item at a specific index, use ",[294,53977,53979],{"href":53978},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method\u002F",[18,53980,53981],{},"list.insert()",[14,53983,358],{},[46,53985,53987],{"className":48,"code":53986,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[18,53988,53989,54013,54036,54040],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,53990,53991,53993,53995,53997,53999,54001,54003,54005,54007,54009,54011],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,53992,36151],{"class":902},[55,53994,906],{"class":703},[55,53996,909],{"class":65},[55,53998,126],{"class":109},[55,54000,294],{"class":129},[55,54002,126],{"class":109},[55,54004,163],{"class":65},[55,54006,793],{"class":109},[55,54008,9777],{"class":129},[55,54010,126],{"class":109},[55,54012,924],{"class":65},[55,54014,54015,54017,54019,54022,54024,54026,54028,54030,54032,54034],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,54016,36204],{"class":902},[55,54018,29],{"class":65},[55,54020,54021],{"class":318},"insert",[55,54023,66],{"class":65},[55,54025,93],{"class":75},[55,54027,163],{"class":65},[55,54029,793],{"class":109},[55,54031,5046],{"class":129},[55,54033,126],{"class":109},[55,54035,322],{"class":65},[55,54037,54038],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,54039,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,54041,54042,54044,54046,54048],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,54043,62],{"class":61},[55,54045,66],{"class":65},[55,54047,36204],{"class":318},[55,54049,322],{"class":65},[14,54051,281],{},[46,54053,54054],{"className":48,"code":42941,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,54055,54056],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,54057,54058,54060,54062,54064,54066,54068,54070,54072,54074,54076,54078,54080,54082],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,54059,4186],{"class":65},[55,54061,1923],{"class":109},[55,54063,294],{"class":129},[55,54065,1923],{"class":109},[55,54067,163],{"class":65},[55,54069,1918],{"class":109},[55,54071,5046],{"class":129},[55,54073,1923],{"class":109},[55,54075,163],{"class":65},[55,54077,1918],{"class":109},[55,54079,9777],{"class":129},[55,54081,1923],{"class":109},[55,54083,924],{"class":65},[41,54085,54087],{"id":54086},"when-to-use-append","When to use append()",[14,54089,54090,54092],{},[18,54091,52722],{}," is useful when you are adding items one at a time.",[14,54094,36487],{},[240,54096,54097,54100,54103,54106],{},[243,54098,54099],{},"building a list in a loop",[243,54101,54102],{},"collecting user input",[243,54104,54105],{},"storing results step by step",[243,54107,54108],{},"adding one new item to existing data",[14,54110,54111],{},"Example with a loop:",[46,54113,54115],{"className":48,"code":54114,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"squares = []\n\nfor number in range(1, 5):\n    squares.append(number * number)\n\nprint(squares)\n",[18,54116,54117,54126,54130,54151,54170,54174],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,54118,54119,54122,54124],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,54120,54121],{"class":902},"squares ",[55,54123,906],{"class":703},[55,54125,966],{"class":65},[55,54127,54128],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,54129,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,54131,54132,54134,54136,54138,54141,54143,54145,54147,54149],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,54133,6236],{"class":1193},[55,54135,6663],{"class":902},[55,54137,4168],{"class":1193},[55,54139,54140],{"class":61}," range",[55,54142,66],{"class":65},[55,54144,93],{"class":75},[55,54146,163],{"class":65},[55,54148,4890],{"class":75},[55,54150,1480],{"class":65},[55,54152,54153,54156,54158,54160,54162,54164,54166,54168],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,54154,54155],{"class":902},"    squares",[55,54157,29],{"class":65},[55,54159,13599],{"class":318},[55,54161,66],{"class":65},[55,54163,2521],{"class":318},[55,54165,39936],{"class":703},[55,54167,2501],{"class":318},[55,54169,322],{"class":65},[55,54171,54172],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,54173,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,54175,54176,54178,54180,54183],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,54177,62],{"class":61},[55,54179,66],{"class":65},[55,54181,54182],{"class":318},"squares",[55,54184,322],{"class":65},[14,54186,281],{},[46,54188,54190],{"className":48,"code":54189,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[1, 4, 9, 16]\n",[18,54191,54192],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,54193,54194,54196,54198,54200,54202,54204,54207,54209,54211],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,54195,4186],{"class":65},[55,54197,93],{"class":75},[55,54199,163],{"class":65},[55,54201,2759],{"class":75},[55,54203,163],{"class":65},[55,54205,54206],{"class":75}," 9",[55,54208,163],{"class":65},[55,54210,14034],{"class":75},[55,54212,924],{"class":65},[41,54214,2139],{"id":2138},[889,54216,54218],{"id":54217},"does-append-return-a-new-list","Does append() return a new list?",[14,54220,46432,54221,54223,54224,29],{},[18,54222,52722],{}," changes the original list and returns ",[18,54225,481],{},[889,54227,54229],{"id":54228},"can-append-add-multiple-items-at-once","Can append() add multiple items at once?",[14,54231,54232,54233,29],{},"No. It adds one item. To add multiple items from another iterable, use ",[294,54234,54235],{"href":53414},[18,54236,53516],{},[889,54238,54240],{"id":54239},"what-happens-if-i-append-a-list","What happens if I append a list?",[14,54242,54243],{},"The whole list is added as one item at the end, creating a nested list.",[14,54245,358],{},[46,54247,54249],{"className":48,"code":54248,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = [1, 2]\ndata.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(data)\n",[18,54250,54251,54267,54285,54289],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,54252,54253,54255,54257,54259,54261,54263,54265],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,54254,9202],{"class":902},[55,54256,906],{"class":703},[55,54258,909],{"class":65},[55,54260,93],{"class":75},[55,54262,163],{"class":65},[55,54264,166],{"class":75},[55,54266,924],{"class":65},[55,54268,54269,54271,54273,54275,54277,54279,54281,54283],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,54270,9241],{"class":902},[55,54272,29],{"class":65},[55,54274,13599],{"class":318},[55,54276,158],{"class":65},[55,54278,2366],{"class":75},[55,54280,163],{"class":65},[55,54282,2759],{"class":75},[55,54284,4174],{"class":65},[55,54286,54287],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,54288,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,54290,54291,54293,54295,54297],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,54292,62],{"class":61},[55,54294,66],{"class":65},[55,54296,9241],{"class":318},[55,54298,322],{"class":65},[14,54300,281],{},[46,54302,54303],{"className":48,"code":53378,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,54304,54305],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,54306,54307,54309,54311,54313,54315,54317,54319,54321,54323,54325],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,54308,4186],{"class":65},[55,54310,93],{"class":75},[55,54312,163],{"class":65},[55,54314,166],{"class":75},[55,54316,163],{"class":65},[55,54318,909],{"class":65},[55,54320,2366],{"class":75},[55,54322,163],{"class":65},[55,54324,2759],{"class":75},[55,54326,53312],{"class":65},[889,54328,54330],{"id":54329},"what-is-the-difference-between-append-and-insert","What is the difference between append() and insert()?",[14,54332,54333,54335,54336,54339],{},[18,54334,52722],{}," adds at the end. ",[18,54337,54338],{},"insert()"," adds at a specific position.",[41,54341,2193],{"id":2192},[240,54343,54344,54349,54353,54358,54362],{},[243,54345,54346],{},[294,54347,54348],{"href":53118},"How to add an item to a list in Python",[243,54350,54351],{},[294,54352,53630],{"href":53414},[243,54354,54355],{},[294,54356,54357],{"href":53978},"Python list insert() method",[243,54359,54360],{},[294,54361,52841],{"href":51048},[243,54363,54364],{},[294,54365,54367],{"href":54366},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-list-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","Fix list-related AttributeError problems",[2226,54369,54370],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":54372},[54373,54374,54375,54376,54377,54378,54384,54390,54391,54397],{"id":43,"depth":82,"text":44},{"id":52801,"depth":82,"text":52802},{"id":5714,"depth":82,"text":5715},{"id":11516,"depth":82,"text":11517},{"id":53122,"depth":82,"text":53123},{"id":53421,"depth":82,"text":53422,"children":54379},[54380,54382],{"id":53428,"depth":98,"text":54381},"Using append()",{"id":53513,"depth":98,"text":54383},"Using extend()",{"id":4802,"depth":82,"text":4803,"children":54385},[54386,54387,54388,54389],{"id":53635,"depth":98,"text":53636},{"id":53813,"depth":98,"text":53814},{"id":53874,"depth":98,"text":53875},{"id":53966,"depth":98,"text":53967},{"id":54086,"depth":82,"text":54087},{"id":2138,"depth":82,"text":2139,"children":54392},[54393,54394,54395,54396],{"id":54217,"depth":98,"text":54218},{"id":54228,"depth":98,"text":54229},{"id":54239,"depth":98,"text":54240},{"id":54329,"depth":98,"text":54330},{"id":2192,"depth":82,"text":2193},"Master python list append method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method",{"title":52712,"description":54398},"reference\u002Fpython-list-append-method","cBBksi6Gcs0V4z_ykk5oU9TSrL_TTVPGb-hIaffmg1I",{"id":54405,"title":54406,"body":54407,"description":55651,"extension":2267,"meta":55652,"navigation":1121,"path":55653,"seo":55654,"stem":55655,"__hash__":55656},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method.md","Python List clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":54408,"toc":55616},[54409,54415,54421,54427,54429,54477,54482,54487,54491,54507,54513,54515,54518,54533,54535,54546,54548,54550,54607,54609,54617,54619,54635,54641,54643,54649,54653,54737,54740,54789,54796,54804,54807,54821,54834,54840,54915,54922,54929,55003,55011,55014,55025,55034,55038,55042,55053,55055,55132,55153,55155,55165,55168,55216,55218,55239,55242,55244,55295,55301,55308,55375,55381,55387,55390,55417,55422,55428,55431,55503,55506,55517,55523,55525,55531,55534,55540,55546,55553,55561,55567,55573,55575,55613],[10,54410,54412,54413,11363],{"id":54411},"python-list-clear-method","Python List ",[18,54414,11362],{},[14,54416,54417,54420],{},[18,54418,54419],{},"list.clear()"," removes every item from a list.",[14,54422,54423,54424,54426],{},"Use it when you want to empty an existing list ",[435,54425,11375],{},". This is useful when you want to keep using the same list object, but remove all of its contents.",[41,54428,44],{"id":43},[46,54430,54432],{"className":48,"code":54431,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[18,54433,54434,54454,54464],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,54435,54436,54438,54440,54442,54444,54446,54448,54450,54452],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,54437,903],{"class":902},[55,54439,906],{"class":703},[55,54441,909],{"class":65},[55,54443,93],{"class":75},[55,54445,163],{"class":65},[55,54447,166],{"class":75},[55,54449,163],{"class":65},[55,54451,171],{"class":75},[55,54453,924],{"class":65},[55,54455,54456,54458,54460,54462],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,54457,937],{"class":902},[55,54459,29],{"class":65},[55,54461,11424],{"class":318},[55,54463,1789],{"class":65},[55,54465,54466,54468,54470,54472,54474],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,54467,62],{"class":61},[55,54469,66],{"class":65},[55,54471,937],{"class":318},[55,54473,3953],{"class":65},[55,54475,54476],{"class":3956},"  # []\n",[14,54478,212,54479,54481],{},[18,54480,11362],{}," to remove all items from an existing list in place.",[41,54483,3970,54485,3973],{"id":54484},"what-listclear-does",[18,54486,54419],{},[14,54488,54489,790],{},[18,54490,54419],{},[240,54492,54493,54496,54499,54504],{},[243,54494,54495],{},"Removes every item from a list",[243,54497,54498],{},"Changes the original list in place",[243,54500,54501,54502],{},"Leaves you with an empty list: ",[18,54503,461],{},[243,54505,54506],{},"Takes no arguments",[14,54508,54509,54510,54512],{},"This means the list still exists after calling ",[18,54511,11362],{},", but it contains no values.",[41,54514,2460],{"id":2459},[14,54516,54517],{},"Syntax:",[46,54519,54521],{"className":48,"code":54520,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_list.clear()\n",[18,54522,54523],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,54524,54525,54527,54529,54531],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,54526,1477],{"class":902},[55,54528,29],{"class":65},[55,54530,11424],{"class":318},[55,54532,1789],{"class":65},[14,54534,11500],{},[240,54536,54537,54540,54543],{},[243,54538,54539],{},"Call it on a list object",[243,54541,54542],{},"Do not pass values inside the parentheses",[243,54544,54545],{},"Include the parentheses so the method actually runs",[41,54547,11517],{"id":11516},[14,54549,11520],{},[46,54551,54553],{"className":48,"code":54552,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nnumbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,54554,54555,54579,54583,54593,54597],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,54556,54557,54559,54561,54563,54565,54567,54569,54571,54573,54575,54577],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,54558,1168],{"class":902},[55,54560,906],{"class":703},[55,54562,909],{"class":65},[55,54564,376],{"class":75},[55,54566,163],{"class":65},[55,54568,916],{"class":75},[55,54570,163],{"class":65},[55,54572,921],{"class":75},[55,54574,163],{"class":65},[55,54576,50912],{"class":75},[55,54578,924],{"class":65},[55,54580,54581],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,54582,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,54584,54585,54587,54589,54591],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,54586,332],{"class":902},[55,54588,29],{"class":65},[55,54590,11424],{"class":318},[55,54592,1789],{"class":65},[55,54594,54595],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,54596,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,54598,54599,54601,54603,54605],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,54600,62],{"class":61},[55,54602,66],{"class":65},[55,54604,332],{"class":318},[55,54606,322],{"class":65},[14,54608,281],{},[46,54610,54611],{"className":48,"code":38360,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,54612,54613],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,54614,54615],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,54616,38360],{"class":65},[14,54618,11726],{},[240,54620,54621,54626,54632],{},[243,54622,54623,54625],{},[18,54624,332],{}," starts with four items",[243,54627,54628,54631],{},[18,54629,54630],{},"numbers.clear()"," removes all of them",[243,54633,54634],{},"Printing the list shows that it is now empty",[14,54636,54637,54638,29],{},"If you are new to lists, see ",[294,54639,52841],{"href":54640},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide",[41,54642,17468],{"id":17467},[14,54644,54645,1265,54647,29],{},[18,54646,11362],{},[18,54648,481],{},[14,54650,40970,54651,52737],{},[435,54652,4916],{},[46,54654,54656],{"className":48,"code":54655,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(items)   # []\nprint(result)  # None\n",[18,54657,54658,54690,54694,54708,54712,54725],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,54659,54660,54662,54664,54666,54668,54670,54672,54674,54676,54678,54680,54682,54684,54686,54688],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,54661,903],{"class":902},[55,54663,906],{"class":703},[55,54665,909],{"class":65},[55,54667,126],{"class":109},[55,54669,294],{"class":129},[55,54671,126],{"class":109},[55,54673,163],{"class":65},[55,54675,793],{"class":109},[55,54677,5046],{"class":129},[55,54679,126],{"class":109},[55,54681,163],{"class":65},[55,54683,793],{"class":109},[55,54685,9777],{"class":129},[55,54687,126],{"class":109},[55,54689,924],{"class":65},[55,54691,54692],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,54693,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,54695,54696,54698,54700,54702,54704,54706],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,54697,2534],{"class":902},[55,54699,906],{"class":703},[55,54701,6244],{"class":902},[55,54703,29],{"class":65},[55,54705,11424],{"class":318},[55,54707,1789],{"class":65},[55,54709,54710],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,54711,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,54713,54714,54716,54718,54720,54722],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,54715,62],{"class":61},[55,54717,66],{"class":65},[55,54719,937],{"class":318},[55,54721,3953],{"class":65},[55,54723,54724],{"class":3956},"   # []\n",[55,54726,54727,54729,54731,54733,54735],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,54728,62],{"class":61},[55,54730,66],{"class":65},[55,54732,2569],{"class":318},[55,54734,3953],{"class":65},[55,54736,20927],{"class":3956},[14,54738,54739],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. If you write:",[46,54741,54743],{"className":48,"code":54742,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.clear()\nprint(items)\n",[18,54744,54745,54765,54779],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,54746,54747,54749,54751,54753,54755,54757,54759,54761,54763],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,54748,903],{"class":902},[55,54750,906],{"class":703},[55,54752,909],{"class":65},[55,54754,93],{"class":75},[55,54756,163],{"class":65},[55,54758,166],{"class":75},[55,54760,163],{"class":65},[55,54762,171],{"class":75},[55,54764,924],{"class":65},[55,54766,54767,54769,54771,54773,54775,54777],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,54768,903],{"class":902},[55,54770,906],{"class":703},[55,54772,6244],{"class":902},[55,54774,29],{"class":65},[55,54776,11424],{"class":318},[55,54778,1789],{"class":65},[55,54780,54781,54783,54785,54787],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,54782,62],{"class":61},[55,54784,66],{"class":65},[55,54786,937],{"class":318},[55,54788,322],{"class":65},[14,54790,11959,54791,42220,54793,54795],{},[18,54792,937],{},[18,54794,481],{},", not an empty list.",[41,54797,54799,54801,54802],{"id":54798},"clear-vs-assigning",[18,54800,11362],{}," vs assigning ",[18,54803,461],{},[14,54805,54806],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they are not the same:",[46,54808,54809],{"className":48,"code":54520,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,54810,54811],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,54812,54813,54815,54817,54819],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,54814,1477],{"class":902},[55,54816,29],{"class":65},[55,54818,11424],{"class":318},[55,54820,1789],{"class":65},[46,54822,54824],{"className":48,"code":54823,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_list = []\n",[18,54825,54826],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,54827,54828,54830,54832],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,54829,1446],{"class":902},[55,54831,906],{"class":703},[55,54833,966],{"class":65},[889,54835,54837,54839],{"id":54836},"clear-empties-the-same-list-object",[18,54838,11362],{}," empties the same list object",[46,54841,54843],{"className":48,"code":54842,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # []\n",[18,54844,54845,54865,54873,54877,54887,54891,54903],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,54846,54847,54849,54851,54853,54855,54857,54859,54861,54863],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,54848,2857],{"class":902},[55,54850,906],{"class":703},[55,54852,909],{"class":65},[55,54854,93],{"class":75},[55,54856,163],{"class":65},[55,54858,166],{"class":75},[55,54860,163],{"class":65},[55,54862,171],{"class":75},[55,54864,924],{"class":65},[55,54866,54867,54869,54871],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,54868,2885],{"class":902},[55,54870,906],{"class":703},[55,54872,36236],{"class":902},[55,54874,54875],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,54876,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,54878,54879,54881,54883,54885],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,54880,294],{"class":902},[55,54882,29],{"class":65},[55,54884,11424],{"class":318},[55,54886,1789],{"class":65},[55,54888,54889],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,54890,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,54892,54893,54895,54897,54899,54901],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,54894,62],{"class":61},[55,54896,66],{"class":65},[55,54898,294],{"class":318},[55,54900,3953],{"class":65},[55,54902,54476],{"class":3956},[55,54904,54905,54907,54909,54911,54913],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,54906,62],{"class":61},[55,54908,66],{"class":65},[55,54910,5046],{"class":318},[55,54912,3953],{"class":65},[55,54914,54476],{"class":3956},[14,54916,10629,54917,4679,54919,54921],{},[18,54918,294],{},[18,54920,5046],{}," point to the same list, so clearing it affects both variables.",[889,54923,54925,54928],{"id":54924},"my_list-creates-a-new-empty-list",[18,54926,54927],{},"my_list = []"," creates a new empty list",[46,54930,54932],{"className":48,"code":54931,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na = []\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[18,54933,54934,54954,54962,54966,54974,54978,54990],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,54935,54936,54938,54940,54942,54944,54946,54948,54950,54952],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,54937,2857],{"class":902},[55,54939,906],{"class":703},[55,54941,909],{"class":65},[55,54943,93],{"class":75},[55,54945,163],{"class":65},[55,54947,166],{"class":75},[55,54949,163],{"class":65},[55,54951,171],{"class":75},[55,54953,924],{"class":65},[55,54955,54956,54958,54960],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,54957,2885],{"class":902},[55,54959,906],{"class":703},[55,54961,36236],{"class":902},[55,54963,54964],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,54965,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,54967,54968,54970,54972],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,54969,2857],{"class":902},[55,54971,906],{"class":703},[55,54973,966],{"class":65},[55,54975,54976],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,54977,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,54979,54980,54982,54984,54986,54988],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,54981,62],{"class":61},[55,54983,66],{"class":65},[55,54985,294],{"class":318},[55,54987,3953],{"class":65},[55,54989,54476],{"class":3956},[55,54991,54992,54994,54996,54998,55000],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,54993,62],{"class":61},[55,54995,66],{"class":65},[55,54997,5046],{"class":318},[55,54999,3953],{"class":65},[55,55001,55002],{"class":3956},"  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[14,55004,20822,55005,55007,55008,55010],{},[18,55006,294],{}," now points to a new empty list. But ",[18,55009,5046],{}," still points to the original list.",[14,55012,55013],{},"This difference matters when:",[240,55015,55016,55019,55022],{},[243,55017,55018],{},"Two variables refer to the same list",[243,55020,55021],{},"A list is shared between parts of a program",[243,55023,55024],{},"You want to empty the original list instead of replacing it",[14,55026,55027,55028,29],{},"This idea is also helpful when learning ",[294,55029,55031,55032,10780],{"href":55030},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method\u002F","the list ",[18,55033,12821],{},[41,55035,5247,55036],{"id":12481},[18,55037,11362],{},[14,55039,212,55040,6594],{},[18,55041,11362],{},[240,55043,55044,55047,55050],{},[243,55045,55046],{},"Reset a list before reusing it",[243,55048,55049],{},"Empty shared list data in place",[243,55051,55052],{},"Remove all items without deleting the list variable",[14,55054,358],{},[46,55056,55058],{"className":48,"code":55057,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"shopping_cart = [\"milk\", \"bread\", \"eggs\"]\n\n# Order completed, reuse the same list\nshopping_cart.clear()\n\nprint(shopping_cart)  # []\n",[18,55059,55060,55096,55100,55105,55116,55120],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,55061,55062,55065,55067,55069,55071,55074,55076,55078,55080,55083,55085,55087,55089,55092,55094],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,55063,55064],{"class":902},"shopping_cart ",[55,55066,906],{"class":703},[55,55068,909],{"class":65},[55,55070,126],{"class":109},[55,55072,55073],{"class":129},"milk",[55,55075,126],{"class":109},[55,55077,163],{"class":65},[55,55079,793],{"class":109},[55,55081,55082],{"class":129},"bread",[55,55084,126],{"class":109},[55,55086,163],{"class":65},[55,55088,793],{"class":109},[55,55090,55091],{"class":129},"eggs",[55,55093,126],{"class":109},[55,55095,924],{"class":65},[55,55097,55098],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,55099,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,55101,55102],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,55103,55104],{"class":3956},"# Order completed, reuse the same list\n",[55,55106,55107,55110,55112,55114],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,55108,55109],{"class":902},"shopping_cart",[55,55111,29],{"class":65},[55,55113,11424],{"class":318},[55,55115,1789],{"class":65},[55,55117,55118],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,55119,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,55121,55122,55124,55126,55128,55130],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,55123,62],{"class":61},[55,55125,66],{"class":65},[55,55127,55109],{"class":318},[55,55129,3953],{"class":65},[55,55131,54476],{"class":3956},[14,55133,55134,55135,55139,55140,55146,55147,29],{},"If you only want to remove one item, see ",[294,55136,55138],{"href":55137},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-an-item-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove an item from a list in Python"," or the ",[294,55141,55143,10780],{"href":55142},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method\u002F",[18,55144,55145],{},"list.remove()",". If you want to remove and return one item, see the ",[294,55148,55150,10780],{"href":55149},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method\u002F",[18,55151,55152],{},"list.pop()",[41,55154,4803],{"id":4802},[889,55156,55158,55159,11132,55162],{"id":55157},"writing-my_listclear-instead-of-my_listclear","Writing ",[18,55160,55161],{},"my_list.clear",[18,55163,55164],{},"my_list.clear()",[14,55166,55167],{},"This does not call the method.",[46,55169,55171],{"className":48,"code":55170,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear\nprint(items)\n",[18,55172,55173,55193,55197,55206],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,55174,55175,55177,55179,55181,55183,55185,55187,55189,55191],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,55176,903],{"class":902},[55,55178,906],{"class":703},[55,55180,909],{"class":65},[55,55182,93],{"class":75},[55,55184,163],{"class":65},[55,55186,166],{"class":75},[55,55188,163],{"class":65},[55,55190,171],{"class":75},[55,55192,924],{"class":65},[55,55194,55195],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,55196,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,55198,55199,55201,55203],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,55200,937],{"class":902},[55,55202,29],{"class":65},[55,55204,55205],{"class":24803},"clear\n",[55,55207,55208,55210,55212,55214],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,55209,62],{"class":61},[55,55211,66],{"class":65},[55,55213,937],{"class":318},[55,55215,322],{"class":65},[14,55217,281],{},[46,55219,55221],{"className":48,"code":55220,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[1, 2, 3]\n",[18,55222,55223],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,55224,55225,55227,55229,55231,55233,55235,55237],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,55226,4186],{"class":65},[55,55228,93],{"class":75},[55,55230,163],{"class":65},[55,55232,166],{"class":75},[55,55234,163],{"class":65},[55,55236,171],{"class":75},[55,55238,924],{"class":65},[14,55240,55241],{},"Nothing changes because the method was not run.",[14,55243,10847],{},[46,55245,55247],{"className":48,"code":55246,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[18,55248,55249,55269,55273,55283],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,55250,55251,55253,55255,55257,55259,55261,55263,55265,55267],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,55252,903],{"class":902},[55,55254,906],{"class":703},[55,55256,909],{"class":65},[55,55258,93],{"class":75},[55,55260,163],{"class":65},[55,55262,166],{"class":75},[55,55264,163],{"class":65},[55,55266,171],{"class":75},[55,55268,924],{"class":65},[55,55270,55271],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,55272,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,55274,55275,55277,55279,55281],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,55276,937],{"class":902},[55,55278,29],{"class":65},[55,55280,11424],{"class":318},[55,55282,1789],{"class":65},[55,55284,55285,55287,55289,55291,55293],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,55286,62],{"class":61},[55,55288,66],{"class":65},[55,55290,937],{"class":318},[55,55292,3953],{"class":65},[55,55294,54476],{"class":3956},[889,55296,1595,55298,55300],{"id":55297},"expecting-clear-to-return-the-emptied-list",[18,55299,11362],{}," to return the emptied list",[14,55302,55303,1265,55305,55307],{},[18,55304,11362],{},[18,55306,481],{},", not the list.",[46,55309,55311],{"className":48,"code":55310,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(result)  # None\nprint(items)   # []\n",[18,55312,55313,55333,55347,55351,55363],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,55314,55315,55317,55319,55321,55323,55325,55327,55329,55331],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,55316,903],{"class":902},[55,55318,906],{"class":703},[55,55320,909],{"class":65},[55,55322,93],{"class":75},[55,55324,163],{"class":65},[55,55326,166],{"class":75},[55,55328,163],{"class":65},[55,55330,171],{"class":75},[55,55332,924],{"class":65},[55,55334,55335,55337,55339,55341,55343,55345],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,55336,2534],{"class":902},[55,55338,906],{"class":703},[55,55340,6244],{"class":902},[55,55342,29],{"class":65},[55,55344,11424],{"class":318},[55,55346,1789],{"class":65},[55,55348,55349],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,55350,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,55352,55353,55355,55357,55359,55361],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,55354,62],{"class":61},[55,55356,66],{"class":65},[55,55358,2569],{"class":318},[55,55360,3953],{"class":65},[55,55362,20927],{"class":3956},[55,55364,55365,55367,55369,55371,55373],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,55366,62],{"class":61},[55,55368,66],{"class":65},[55,55370,937],{"class":318},[55,55372,3953],{"class":65},[55,55374,54724],{"class":3956},[889,55376,1556,55378,55380],{"id":55377},"using-clear-on-a-value-that-is-not-a-list",[18,55379,11362],{}," on a value that is not a list",[14,55382,55383,55384,55386],{},"Some types have a ",[18,55385,11362],{}," method, but not all of them.",[14,55388,55389],{},"This will fail:",[46,55391,55393],{"className":48,"code":55392,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.clear()\n",[18,55394,55395,55407],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,55396,55397,55399,55401,55403,55405],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,55398,34746],{"class":902},[55,55400,906],{"class":703},[55,55402,793],{"class":109},[55,55404,130],{"class":129},[55,55406,1052],{"class":109},[55,55408,55409,55411,55413,55415],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,55410,34767],{"class":902},[55,55412,29],{"class":65},[55,55414,11424],{"class":318},[55,55416,1789],{"class":65},[14,55418,55419,55420,33658],{},"A string does not have a ",[18,55421,11362],{},[14,55423,55424,55425,55427],{},"You may also get errors if your variable is ",[18,55426,481],{}," or another unexpected type. If that happens, print the type first.",[14,55429,55430],{},"Useful checks:",[46,55432,55434],{"className":48,"code":55433,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(id(my_list))\nother = my_list\nmy_list.clear()\nprint(other)\n",[18,55435,55436,55446,55460,55474,55483,55493],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,55437,55438,55440,55442,55444],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,55439,62],{"class":61},[55,55441,66],{"class":65},[55,55443,1477],{"class":318},[55,55445,322],{"class":65},[55,55447,55448,55450,55452,55454,55456,55458],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,55449,62],{"class":61},[55,55451,66],{"class":65},[55,55453,1879],{"class":69},[55,55455,66],{"class":65},[55,55457,1477],{"class":318},[55,55459,79],{"class":65},[55,55461,55462,55464,55466,55468,55470,55472],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,55463,62],{"class":61},[55,55465,66],{"class":65},[55,55467,12693],{"class":61},[55,55469,66],{"class":65},[55,55471,1477],{"class":318},[55,55473,79],{"class":65},[55,55475,55476,55478,55480],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,55477,43615],{"class":902},[55,55479,906],{"class":703},[55,55481,55482],{"class":902}," my_list\n",[55,55484,55485,55487,55489,55491],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,55486,1477],{"class":902},[55,55488,29],{"class":65},[55,55490,11424],{"class":318},[55,55492,1789],{"class":65},[55,55494,55495,55497,55499,55501],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,55496,62],{"class":61},[55,55498,66],{"class":65},[55,55500,30799],{"class":318},[55,55502,322],{"class":65},[14,55504,55505],{},"These can help you see:",[240,55507,55508,55511,55514],{},[243,55509,55510],{},"What the variable currently contains",[243,55512,55513],{},"Whether it is really a list",[243,55515,55516],{},"Whether two variables point to the same object",[14,55518,55519,55520,29],{},"If you run into method-related problems, you may also need help with ",[294,55521,55522],{"href":54366},"fixing attribute errors in Python",[41,55524,2139],{"id":2138},[889,55526,12748,55528,55530],{"id":55527},"does-listclear-delete-the-list",[18,55529,54419],{}," delete the list?",[14,55532,55533],{},"No. It keeps the list object but removes all items from it.",[889,55535,12748,55537,55539],{"id":55536},"does-listclear-return-a-new-list",[18,55538,54419],{}," return a new list?",[14,55541,55542,55543,55545],{},"No. It returns ",[18,55544,481],{}," and changes the existing list in place.",[889,55547,5466,55549,4679,55551,2794],{"id":55548},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-my_list",[18,55550,11362],{},[18,55552,54927],{},[14,55554,55555,55557,55558,55560],{},[18,55556,11362],{}," empties the same list object. ",[18,55559,54927],{}," points the variable to a new empty list.",[889,55562,28383,55564,55566],{"id":55563},"can-i-use-clear-on-other-types",[18,55565,11362],{}," on other types?",[14,55568,55569,55570,55572],{},"Some types like dictionaries and sets also have ",[18,55571,11362],{},", but strings and tuples do not.",[41,55574,2193],{"id":2192},[240,55576,55577,55581,55586,55593,55600,55606],{},[243,55578,55579],{},[294,55580,52841],{"href":54640},[243,55582,55583],{},[294,55584,55585],{"href":55137},"How to remove an item from a list in Python",[243,55587,55588],{},[294,55589,55590,55591,10780],{"href":55149},"Python list ",[18,55592,12807],{},[243,55594,55595],{},[294,55596,55590,55597,10780],{"href":55142},[18,55598,55599],{},"remove()",[243,55601,55602],{},[294,55603,55590,55604,10780],{"href":55030},[18,55605,12821],{},[243,55607,55608],{},[294,55609,30403,55610,33691],{"href":54366},[18,55611,55612],{},"'list' object has no attribute",[2226,55614,55615],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":55617},[55618,55619,55621,55622,55623,55624,55631,55632,55640,55650],{"id":43,"depth":82,"text":44},{"id":54484,"depth":82,"text":55620},"What list.clear() does",{"id":2459,"depth":82,"text":2460},{"id":11516,"depth":82,"text":11517},{"id":17467,"depth":82,"text":17468},{"id":54798,"depth":82,"text":55625,"children":55626},"clear() vs assigning []",[55627,55629],{"id":54836,"depth":98,"text":55628},"clear() empties the same list object",{"id":54924,"depth":98,"text":55630},"my_list = [] creates a new empty list",{"id":12481,"depth":82,"text":12853},{"id":4802,"depth":82,"text":4803,"children":55633},[55634,55636,55638],{"id":55157,"depth":98,"text":55635},"Writing my_list.clear instead of my_list.clear()",{"id":55297,"depth":98,"text":55637},"Expecting clear() to return the emptied list",{"id":55377,"depth":98,"text":55639},"Using clear() on a value that is not a list",{"id":2138,"depth":82,"text":2139,"children":55641},[55642,55644,55646,55648],{"id":55527,"depth":98,"text":55643},"Does list.clear() delete the list?",{"id":55536,"depth":98,"text":55645},"Does list.clear() return a new list?",{"id":55548,"depth":98,"text":55647},"What is the difference between clear() and my_list = []?",{"id":55563,"depth":98,"text":55649},"Can I use clear() on other types?",{"id":2192,"depth":82,"text":2193},"Master python list clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method",{"title":54406,"description":55651},"reference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method","99lr7F7Fwd7-AwSOSGz-bBA8zQ5YwXwJzSYBs0JP2O4",{"id":55658,"title":55659,"body":55660,"description":57345,"extension":2267,"meta":57346,"navigation":1121,"path":57347,"seo":57348,"stem":57349,"__hash__":57350},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method.md","Python List copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":55661,"toc":57313},[55662,55667,55673,55681,55683,55772,55779,55784,55788,55802,55804,55881,55883,55944,55947,55949,55951,55972,55975,55989,55992,56037,56039,56047,56050,56056,56062,56065,56142,56144,56189,56192,56197,56280,56282,56323,56328,56332,56338,56340,56348,56351,56444,56446,56504,56507,56523,56528,56538,56543,56545,56550,56555,56558,56560,56617,56620,56673,56679,56684,56688,56705,56707,56791,56793,56834,56842,56844,56849,56855,56857,56920,56925,56995,56999,57034,57037,57039,57078,57082,57158,57164,57170,57175,57197,57200,57219,57227,57229,57235,57238,57245,57253,57258,57261,57265,57271,57279,57282,57284,57310],[10,55663,54412,55665,11363],{"id":55664},"python-list-copy-method",[18,55666,12821],{},[14,55668,55669,55672],{},[18,55670,55671],{},"list.copy()"," creates a new list with the same items as an existing list.",[14,55674,55675,55676,14100,55678,55680],{},"This method is useful when you want to work with a list without changing the original one. It is especially important for beginners because using ",[18,55677,906],{},[435,55679,4916],{}," make a real copy.",[41,55682,2308],{"id":2307},[46,55684,55686],{"className":48,"code":55685,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\nnew_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(new_numbers)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,55687,55688,55708,55723,55727,55742,55746,55759],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,55689,55690,55692,55694,55696,55698,55700,55702,55704,55706],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,55691,1168],{"class":902},[55,55693,906],{"class":703},[55,55695,909],{"class":65},[55,55697,93],{"class":75},[55,55699,163],{"class":65},[55,55701,166],{"class":75},[55,55703,163],{"class":65},[55,55705,171],{"class":75},[55,55707,924],{"class":65},[55,55709,55710,55713,55715,55717,55719,55721],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,55711,55712],{"class":902},"new_numbers ",[55,55714,906],{"class":703},[55,55716,1196],{"class":902},[55,55718,29],{"class":65},[55,55720,12956],{"class":318},[55,55722,1789],{"class":65},[55,55724,55725],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,55726,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,55728,55729,55732,55734,55736,55738,55740],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,55730,55731],{"class":902},"new_numbers",[55,55733,29],{"class":65},[55,55735,13599],{"class":318},[55,55737,66],{"class":65},[55,55739,2807],{"class":75},[55,55741,322],{"class":65},[55,55743,55744],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,55745,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,55747,55748,55750,55752,55754,55756],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,55749,62],{"class":61},[55,55751,66],{"class":65},[55,55753,332],{"class":318},[55,55755,3953],{"class":65},[55,55757,55758],{"class":3956},"      # [1, 2, 3]\n",[55,55760,55761,55763,55765,55767,55769],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,55762,62],{"class":61},[55,55764,66],{"class":65},[55,55766,55731],{"class":318},[55,55768,3953],{"class":65},[55,55770,55771],{"class":3956},"  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[14,55773,212,55774,55776,55777,29],{},[18,55775,55671],{}," when you want a new list object with the same items. This is a ",[435,55778,12895],{},[41,55780,3970,55782,3973],{"id":55781},"what-listcopy-does",[18,55783,55671],{},[14,55785,55786,790],{},[18,55787,55671],{},[240,55789,55790,55793,55796,55799],{},[243,55791,55792],{},"Creates a new list with the same items as the original list",[243,55794,55795],{},"Returns that new list",[243,55797,55798],{},"Makes the original list and copied list different objects",[243,55800,55801],{},"Lets you change the new list without affecting the original list when the list contains simple values like numbers or strings",[14,55803,358],{},[46,55805,55807],{"className":48,"code":55806,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ncopied_fruits = fruits.copy()\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(copied_fruits)\n",[18,55808,55809,55841,55856,55860,55870],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,55810,55811,55813,55815,55817,55819,55821,55823,55825,55827,55829,55831,55833,55835,55837,55839],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,55812,36300],{"class":902},[55,55814,906],{"class":703},[55,55816,909],{"class":65},[55,55818,126],{"class":109},[55,55820,4364],{"class":129},[55,55822,126],{"class":109},[55,55824,163],{"class":65},[55,55826,793],{"class":109},[55,55828,4373],{"class":129},[55,55830,126],{"class":109},[55,55832,163],{"class":65},[55,55834,793],{"class":109},[55,55836,33278],{"class":129},[55,55838,126],{"class":109},[55,55840,924],{"class":65},[55,55842,55843,55846,55848,55850,55852,55854],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,55844,55845],{"class":902},"copied_fruits ",[55,55847,906],{"class":703},[55,55849,52921],{"class":902},[55,55851,29],{"class":65},[55,55853,12956],{"class":318},[55,55855,1789],{"class":65},[55,55857,55858],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,55859,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,55861,55862,55864,55866,55868],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,55863,62],{"class":61},[55,55865,66],{"class":65},[55,55867,36352],{"class":318},[55,55869,322],{"class":65},[55,55871,55872,55874,55876,55879],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,55873,62],{"class":61},[55,55875,66],{"class":65},[55,55877,55878],{"class":318},"copied_fruits",[55,55880,322],{"class":65},[14,55882,281],{},[46,55884,55886],{"className":48,"code":55885,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[18,55887,55888,55916],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,55889,55890,55892,55894,55896,55898,55900,55902,55904,55906,55908,55910,55912,55914],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,55891,4186],{"class":65},[55,55893,1923],{"class":109},[55,55895,4364],{"class":129},[55,55897,1923],{"class":109},[55,55899,163],{"class":65},[55,55901,1918],{"class":109},[55,55903,4373],{"class":129},[55,55905,1923],{"class":109},[55,55907,163],{"class":65},[55,55909,1918],{"class":109},[55,55911,33278],{"class":129},[55,55913,1923],{"class":109},[55,55915,924],{"class":65},[55,55917,55918,55920,55922,55924,55926,55928,55930,55932,55934,55936,55938,55940,55942],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,55919,4186],{"class":65},[55,55921,1923],{"class":109},[55,55923,4364],{"class":129},[55,55925,1923],{"class":109},[55,55927,163],{"class":65},[55,55929,1918],{"class":109},[55,55931,4373],{"class":129},[55,55933,1923],{"class":109},[55,55935,163],{"class":65},[55,55937,1918],{"class":109},[55,55939,33278],{"class":129},[55,55941,1923],{"class":109},[55,55943,924],{"class":65},[14,55945,55946],{},"Even though the contents are the same, these are two different lists.",[41,55948,2460],{"id":2459},[14,55950,2463],{},[46,55952,55954],{"className":48,"code":55953,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"new_list = old_list.copy()\n",[18,55955,55956],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,55957,55958,55961,55963,55966,55968,55970],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,55959,55960],{"class":902},"new_list ",[55,55962,906],{"class":703},[55,55964,55965],{"class":902}," old_list",[55,55967,29],{"class":65},[55,55969,12956],{"class":318},[55,55971,1789],{"class":65},[14,55973,55974],{},"How it works:",[240,55976,55977,55983,55986],{},[243,55978,55979,55980,55982],{},"Call ",[18,55981,12821],{}," on an existing list",[243,55984,55985],{},"Save the returned value in a new variable",[243,55987,55988],{},"Use the new variable as your copied list",[14,55990,55991],{},"Example with an empty list:",[46,55993,55995],{"className":48,"code":55994,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"empty_list = []\nnew_empty_list = empty_list.copy()\n\nprint(new_empty_list)\n",[18,55996,55997,56006,56022,56026],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,55998,55999,56002,56004],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,56000,56001],{"class":902},"empty_list ",[55,56003,906],{"class":703},[55,56005,966],{"class":65},[55,56007,56008,56011,56013,56016,56018,56020],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,56009,56010],{"class":902},"new_empty_list ",[55,56012,906],{"class":703},[55,56014,56015],{"class":902}," empty_list",[55,56017,29],{"class":65},[55,56019,12956],{"class":318},[55,56021,1789],{"class":65},[55,56023,56024],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,56025,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,56027,56028,56030,56032,56035],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,56029,62],{"class":61},[55,56031,66],{"class":65},[55,56033,56034],{"class":318},"new_empty_list",[55,56036,322],{"class":65},[14,56038,281],{},[46,56040,56041],{"className":48,"code":38360,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,56042,56043],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,56044,56045],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,56046,38360],{"class":65},[14,56048,56049],{},"This works for both empty and non-empty lists.",[41,56051,56053,56054],{"id":56052},"why-not-use","Why not use ",[18,56055,906],{},[14,56057,1556,56058,14100,56060,52737],{},[18,56059,906],{},[435,56061,4916],{},[14,56063,56064],{},"It only creates a new variable that points to the same list in memory.",[46,56066,56068],{"className":48,"code":56067,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nsame_list = numbers\n\nsame_list.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(same_list)\n",[18,56069,56070,56090,56099,56103,56118,56122,56132],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,56071,56072,56074,56076,56078,56080,56082,56084,56086,56088],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,56073,1168],{"class":902},[55,56075,906],{"class":703},[55,56077,909],{"class":65},[55,56079,93],{"class":75},[55,56081,163],{"class":65},[55,56083,166],{"class":75},[55,56085,163],{"class":65},[55,56087,171],{"class":75},[55,56089,924],{"class":65},[55,56091,56092,56095,56097],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,56093,56094],{"class":902},"same_list ",[55,56096,906],{"class":703},[55,56098,44048],{"class":902},[55,56100,56101],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,56102,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,56104,56105,56108,56110,56112,56114,56116],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,56106,56107],{"class":902},"same_list",[55,56109,29],{"class":65},[55,56111,13599],{"class":318},[55,56113,66],{"class":65},[55,56115,2807],{"class":75},[55,56117,322],{"class":65},[55,56119,56120],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,56121,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,56123,56124,56126,56128,56130],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,56125,62],{"class":61},[55,56127,66],{"class":65},[55,56129,332],{"class":318},[55,56131,322],{"class":65},[55,56133,56134,56136,56138,56140],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,56135,62],{"class":61},[55,56137,66],{"class":65},[55,56139,56107],{"class":318},[55,56141,322],{"class":65},[14,56143,281],{},[46,56145,56147],{"className":48,"code":56146,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,56148,56149,56169],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,56150,56151,56153,56155,56157,56159,56161,56163,56165,56167],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,56152,4186],{"class":65},[55,56154,93],{"class":75},[55,56156,163],{"class":65},[55,56158,166],{"class":75},[55,56160,163],{"class":65},[55,56162,171],{"class":75},[55,56164,163],{"class":65},[55,56166,2759],{"class":75},[55,56168,924],{"class":65},[55,56170,56171,56173,56175,56177,56179,56181,56183,56185,56187],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,56172,4186],{"class":65},[55,56174,93],{"class":75},[55,56176,163],{"class":65},[55,56178,166],{"class":75},[55,56180,163],{"class":65},[55,56182,171],{"class":75},[55,56184,163],{"class":65},[55,56186,2759],{"class":75},[55,56188,924],{"class":65},[14,56190,56191],{},"Both variables refer to the same list, so changing one also changes the other.",[14,56193,56194,56195,790],{},"Now compare that with ",[18,56196,12821],{},[46,56198,56200],{"className":48,"code":56199,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\ncopied_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(copied_numbers)\n",[18,56201,56202,56222,56237,56241,56256,56260,56270],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,56203,56204,56206,56208,56210,56212,56214,56216,56218,56220],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,56205,1168],{"class":902},[55,56207,906],{"class":703},[55,56209,909],{"class":65},[55,56211,93],{"class":75},[55,56213,163],{"class":65},[55,56215,166],{"class":75},[55,56217,163],{"class":65},[55,56219,171],{"class":75},[55,56221,924],{"class":65},[55,56223,56224,56227,56229,56231,56233,56235],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,56225,56226],{"class":902},"copied_numbers ",[55,56228,906],{"class":703},[55,56230,1196],{"class":902},[55,56232,29],{"class":65},[55,56234,12956],{"class":318},[55,56236,1789],{"class":65},[55,56238,56239],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,56240,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,56242,56243,56246,56248,56250,56252,56254],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,56244,56245],{"class":902},"copied_numbers",[55,56247,29],{"class":65},[55,56249,13599],{"class":318},[55,56251,66],{"class":65},[55,56253,2807],{"class":75},[55,56255,322],{"class":65},[55,56257,56258],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,56259,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,56261,56262,56264,56266,56268],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,56263,62],{"class":61},[55,56265,66],{"class":65},[55,56267,332],{"class":318},[55,56269,322],{"class":65},[55,56271,56272,56274,56276,56278],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,56273,62],{"class":61},[55,56275,66],{"class":65},[55,56277,56245],{"class":318},[55,56279,322],{"class":65},[14,56281,281],{},[46,56283,56285],{"className":48,"code":56284,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,56286,56287,56303],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,56288,56289,56291,56293,56295,56297,56299,56301],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,56290,4186],{"class":65},[55,56292,93],{"class":75},[55,56294,163],{"class":65},[55,56296,166],{"class":75},[55,56298,163],{"class":65},[55,56300,171],{"class":75},[55,56302,924],{"class":65},[55,56304,56305,56307,56309,56311,56313,56315,56317,56319,56321],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,56306,4186],{"class":65},[55,56308,93],{"class":75},[55,56310,163],{"class":65},[55,56312,166],{"class":75},[55,56314,163],{"class":65},[55,56316,171],{"class":75},[55,56318,163],{"class":65},[55,56320,2759],{"class":75},[55,56322,924],{"class":65},[14,56324,56325,56326,29],{},"If you want to learn more about creating and working with lists, see ",[294,56327,52841],{"href":51048},[41,56329,56331],{"id":56330},"shallow-copy-meaning","Shallow copy meaning",[14,56333,56334,12892,56336,29],{},[18,56335,55671],{},[435,56337,12895],{},[14,56339,2410],{},[240,56341,56342,56345],{},[243,56343,56344],{},"The outer list is new",[243,56346,56347],{},"But nested mutable items inside it can still be shared",[14,56349,56350],{},"This matters when your list contains other lists.",[46,56352,56354],{"className":48,"code":56353,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[18,56355,56356,56383,56397,56401,56420,56424,56434],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,56357,56358,56360,56362,56365,56367,56369,56371,56373,56375,56377,56379,56381],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,56359,12129],{"class":902},[55,56361,906],{"class":703},[55,56363,56364],{"class":65}," [[",[55,56366,93],{"class":75},[55,56368,163],{"class":65},[55,56370,166],{"class":75},[55,56372,18112],{"class":65},[55,56374,909],{"class":65},[55,56376,2366],{"class":75},[55,56378,163],{"class":65},[55,56380,2759],{"class":75},[55,56382,53312],{"class":65},[55,56384,56385,56387,56389,56391,56393,56395],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,56386,14358],{"class":902},[55,56388,906],{"class":703},[55,56390,12204],{"class":902},[55,56392,29],{"class":65},[55,56394,12956],{"class":318},[55,56396,1789],{"class":65},[55,56398,56399],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,56400,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,56402,56403,56405,56407,56409,56411,56413,56415,56418],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,56404,14377],{"class":902},[55,56406,4186],{"class":65},[55,56408,76],{"class":75},[55,56410,13596],{"class":65},[55,56412,13599],{"class":318},[55,56414,66],{"class":65},[55,56416,56417],{"class":75},"99",[55,56419,322],{"class":65},[55,56421,56422],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,56423,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,56425,56426,56428,56430,56432],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,56427,62],{"class":61},[55,56429,66],{"class":65},[55,56431,12176],{"class":318},[55,56433,322],{"class":65},[55,56435,56436,56438,56440,56442],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,56437,62],{"class":61},[55,56439,66],{"class":65},[55,56441,14377],{"class":318},[55,56443,322],{"class":65},[14,56445,281],{},[46,56447,56449],{"className":48,"code":56448,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[18,56450,56451,56478],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,56452,56453,56456,56458,56460,56462,56464,56466,56468,56470,56472,56474,56476],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,56454,56455],{"class":65},"[[",[55,56457,93],{"class":75},[55,56459,163],{"class":65},[55,56461,166],{"class":75},[55,56463,163],{"class":65},[55,56465,10235],{"class":75},[55,56467,18112],{"class":65},[55,56469,909],{"class":65},[55,56471,2366],{"class":75},[55,56473,163],{"class":65},[55,56475,2759],{"class":75},[55,56477,53312],{"class":65},[55,56479,56480,56482,56484,56486,56488,56490,56492,56494,56496,56498,56500,56502],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,56481,56455],{"class":65},[55,56483,93],{"class":75},[55,56485,163],{"class":65},[55,56487,166],{"class":75},[55,56489,163],{"class":65},[55,56491,10235],{"class":75},[55,56493,18112],{"class":65},[55,56495,909],{"class":65},[55,56497,2366],{"class":75},[55,56499,163],{"class":65},[55,56501,2759],{"class":75},[55,56503,53312],{"class":65},[14,56505,56506],{},"Why did both change?",[240,56508,56509,56516],{},[243,56510,56511,4679,56513,56515],{},[18,56512,12176],{},[18,56514,14377],{}," are different outer lists",[243,56517,56518,56519,56522],{},"But the inner list ",[18,56520,56521],{},"original[0]"," is the same object in both lists",[14,56524,53723,56525,56527],{},[18,56526,12821],{}," is usually safe for simple lists like:",[240,56529,56530,56533,56536],{},[243,56531,56532],{},"Numbers",[243,56534,56535],{},"Strings",[243,56537,40659],{},[14,56539,56540,56541,29],{},"If you need to understand this better, read ",[294,56542,13837],{"href":13836},[41,56544,17468],{"id":17467},[14,56546,56547,56549],{},[18,56548,55671],{}," returns a new list.",[14,56551,40970,56552,56554],{},[435,56553,4916],{}," change the original list by itself.",[14,56556,56557],{},"You must save the result if you want to use the copied list.",[14,56559,16704],{},[46,56561,56563],{"className":48,"code":56562,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[18,56564,56565,56589,56603,56607],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,56566,56567,56569,56571,56573,56575,56577,56579,56581,56583,56585,56587],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,56568,13121],{"class":902},[55,56570,906],{"class":703},[55,56572,909],{"class":65},[55,56574,126],{"class":109},[55,56576,13138],{"class":129},[55,56578,126],{"class":109},[55,56580,163],{"class":65},[55,56582,793],{"class":109},[55,56584,13155],{"class":129},[55,56586,126],{"class":109},[55,56588,924],{"class":65},[55,56590,56591,56593,56595,56597,56599,56601],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,56592,13164],{"class":902},[55,56594,906],{"class":703},[55,56596,13169],{"class":902},[55,56598,29],{"class":65},[55,56600,12956],{"class":318},[55,56602,1789],{"class":65},[55,56604,56605],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,56606,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,56608,56609,56611,56613,56615],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,56610,62],{"class":61},[55,56612,66],{"class":65},[55,56614,13188],{"class":318},[55,56616,322],{"class":65},[14,56618,56619],{},"Incorrect if you expected a saved copy:",[46,56621,56623],{"className":48,"code":56622,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.copy()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[18,56624,56625,56649,56659,56663],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,56626,56627,56629,56631,56633,56635,56637,56639,56641,56643,56645,56647],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,56628,13121],{"class":902},[55,56630,906],{"class":703},[55,56632,909],{"class":65},[55,56634,126],{"class":109},[55,56636,13138],{"class":129},[55,56638,126],{"class":109},[55,56640,163],{"class":65},[55,56642,793],{"class":109},[55,56644,13155],{"class":129},[55,56646,126],{"class":109},[55,56648,924],{"class":65},[55,56650,56651,56653,56655,56657],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,56652,17552],{"class":902},[55,56654,29],{"class":65},[55,56656,12956],{"class":318},[55,56658,1789],{"class":65},[55,56660,56661],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,56662,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,56664,56665,56667,56669,56671],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,56666,62],{"class":61},[55,56668,66],{"class":65},[55,56670,17552],{"class":318},[55,56672,322],{"class":65},[14,56674,56675,56676,56678],{},"In the second example, ",[18,56677,12821],{}," runs, but the returned list is not stored anywhere.",[41,56680,5247,56682],{"id":56681},"when-to-use-listcopy",[18,56683,55671],{},[14,56685,212,56686,10640],{},[18,56687,55671],{},[240,56689,56690,56693,56696,56699],{},[243,56691,56692],{},"You want to edit a list without changing the original",[243,56694,56695],{},"You want to pass a list to code that may modify it",[243,56697,56698],{},"You want a simple backup before making changes",[243,56700,56701,56702],{},"You want a clear alternative to slicing with ",[18,56703,56704],{},"[:]",[14,56706,358],{},[46,56708,56710],{"className":48,"code":56709,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"scores = [10, 20, 30]\nbackup_scores = scores.copy()\n\nscores.append(40)\n\nprint(scores)\nprint(backup_scores)\n",[18,56711,56712,56732,56747,56751,56766,56770,56780],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,56713,56714,56716,56718,56720,56722,56724,56726,56728,56730],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,56715,5350],{"class":902},[55,56717,906],{"class":703},[55,56719,909],{"class":65},[55,56721,376],{"class":75},[55,56723,163],{"class":65},[55,56725,916],{"class":75},[55,56727,163],{"class":65},[55,56729,921],{"class":75},[55,56731,924],{"class":65},[55,56733,56734,56737,56739,56741,56743,56745],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,56735,56736],{"class":902},"backup_scores ",[55,56738,906],{"class":703},[55,56740,5397],{"class":902},[55,56742,29],{"class":65},[55,56744,12956],{"class":318},[55,56746,1789],{"class":65},[55,56748,56749],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,56750,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,56752,56753,56755,56757,56759,56761,56764],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,56754,16437],{"class":902},[55,56756,29],{"class":65},[55,56758,13599],{"class":318},[55,56760,66],{"class":65},[55,56762,56763],{"class":75},"40",[55,56765,322],{"class":65},[55,56767,56768],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,56769,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,56771,56772,56774,56776,56778],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,56773,62],{"class":61},[55,56775,66],{"class":65},[55,56777,16437],{"class":318},[55,56779,322],{"class":65},[55,56781,56782,56784,56786,56789],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,56783,62],{"class":61},[55,56785,66],{"class":65},[55,56787,56788],{"class":318},"backup_scores",[55,56790,322],{"class":65},[14,56792,281],{},[46,56794,56796],{"className":48,"code":56795,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[10, 20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[18,56797,56798,56818],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,56799,56800,56802,56804,56806,56808,56810,56812,56814,56816],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,56801,4186],{"class":65},[55,56803,376],{"class":75},[55,56805,163],{"class":65},[55,56807,916],{"class":75},[55,56809,163],{"class":65},[55,56811,921],{"class":75},[55,56813,163],{"class":65},[55,56815,50912],{"class":75},[55,56817,924],{"class":65},[55,56819,56820,56822,56824,56826,56828,56830,56832],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,56821,4186],{"class":65},[55,56823,376],{"class":75},[55,56825,163],{"class":65},[55,56827,916],{"class":75},[55,56829,163],{"class":65},[55,56831,921],{"class":75},[55,56833,924],{"class":65},[14,56835,56836,56837,29],{},"If you want to add items after copying, see ",[294,56838,55590,56840,10780],{"href":56839},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method\u002F",[18,56841,52722],{},[41,56843,4803],{"id":4802},[14,56845,56846,56847,29],{},"Here are the most common problems with ",[18,56848,55671],{},[889,56850,1556,56852,56854],{"id":56851},"using-and-expecting-a-real-copy",[18,56853,906],{}," and expecting a real copy",[14,56856,39262],{},[46,56858,56860],{"className":48,"code":56859,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,56861,56862,56882,56890,56904,56908],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,56863,56864,56866,56868,56870,56872,56874,56876,56878,56880],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,56865,2857],{"class":902},[55,56867,906],{"class":703},[55,56869,909],{"class":65},[55,56871,93],{"class":75},[55,56873,163],{"class":65},[55,56875,166],{"class":75},[55,56877,163],{"class":65},[55,56879,171],{"class":75},[55,56881,924],{"class":65},[55,56883,56884,56886,56888],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,56885,2885],{"class":902},[55,56887,906],{"class":703},[55,56889,36236],{"class":902},[55,56891,56892,56894,56896,56898,56900,56902],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,56893,5046],{"class":902},[55,56895,29],{"class":65},[55,56897,13599],{"class":318},[55,56899,66],{"class":65},[55,56901,2807],{"class":75},[55,56903,322],{"class":65},[55,56905,56906],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,56907,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,56909,56910,56912,56914,56916,56918],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,56911,62],{"class":61},[55,56913,66],{"class":65},[55,56915,294],{"class":318},[55,56917,3953],{"class":65},[55,56919,55771],{"class":3956},[14,56921,56922,56923,6906],{},"Fix: use ",[18,56924,12821],{},[46,56926,56928],{"className":48,"code":56927,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a.copy()\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[18,56929,56930,56950,56965,56979,56983],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,56931,56932,56934,56936,56938,56940,56942,56944,56946,56948],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,56933,2857],{"class":902},[55,56935,906],{"class":703},[55,56937,909],{"class":65},[55,56939,93],{"class":75},[55,56941,163],{"class":65},[55,56943,166],{"class":75},[55,56945,163],{"class":65},[55,56947,171],{"class":75},[55,56949,924],{"class":65},[55,56951,56952,56954,56956,56959,56961,56963],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,56953,2885],{"class":902},[55,56955,906],{"class":703},[55,56957,56958],{"class":902}," a",[55,56960,29],{"class":65},[55,56962,12956],{"class":318},[55,56964,1789],{"class":65},[55,56966,56967,56969,56971,56973,56975,56977],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,56968,5046],{"class":902},[55,56970,29],{"class":65},[55,56972,13599],{"class":318},[55,56974,66],{"class":65},[55,56976,2807],{"class":75},[55,56978,322],{"class":65},[55,56980,56981],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,56982,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,56984,56985,56987,56989,56991,56993],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,56986,62],{"class":61},[55,56988,66],{"class":65},[55,56990,294],{"class":318},[55,56992,3953],{"class":65},[55,56994,55002],{"class":3956},[889,56996,56998],{"id":56997},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-list","Forgetting to save the returned list",[46,57000,57002],{"className":48,"code":57001,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.copy()\n",[18,57003,57004,57024],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,57005,57006,57008,57010,57012,57014,57016,57018,57020,57022],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,57007,1168],{"class":902},[55,57009,906],{"class":703},[55,57011,909],{"class":65},[55,57013,93],{"class":75},[55,57015,163],{"class":65},[55,57017,166],{"class":75},[55,57019,163],{"class":65},[55,57021,171],{"class":75},[55,57023,924],{"class":65},[55,57025,57026,57028,57030,57032],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,57027,332],{"class":902},[55,57029,29],{"class":65},[55,57031,12956],{"class":318},[55,57033,1789],{"class":65},[14,57035,57036],{},"This creates a copy, but you do not keep it.",[14,57038,39325],{},[46,57040,57042],{"className":48,"code":57041,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n",[18,57043,57044,57064],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,57045,57046,57048,57050,57052,57054,57056,57058,57060,57062],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,57047,1168],{"class":902},[55,57049,906],{"class":703},[55,57051,909],{"class":65},[55,57053,93],{"class":75},[55,57055,163],{"class":65},[55,57057,166],{"class":75},[55,57059,163],{"class":65},[55,57061,171],{"class":75},[55,57063,924],{"class":65},[55,57065,57066,57068,57070,57072,57074,57076],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,57067,56226],{"class":902},[55,57069,906],{"class":703},[55,57071,1196],{"class":902},[55,57073,29],{"class":65},[55,57075,12956],{"class":318},[55,57077,1789],{"class":65},[889,57079,57081],{"id":57080},"assuming-nested-lists-are-fully-copied","Assuming nested lists are fully copied",[46,57083,57085],{"className":48,"code":57084,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = [[1], [2]]\nb = a.copy()\n\nb[0].append(99)\n\nprint(a)  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[18,57086,57087,57105,57119,57123,57141,57145],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,57088,57089,57091,57093,57095,57097,57099,57101,57103],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,57090,2857],{"class":902},[55,57092,906],{"class":703},[55,57094,56364],{"class":65},[55,57096,93],{"class":75},[55,57098,18112],{"class":65},[55,57100,909],{"class":65},[55,57102,707],{"class":75},[55,57104,53312],{"class":65},[55,57106,57107,57109,57111,57113,57115,57117],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,57108,2885],{"class":902},[55,57110,906],{"class":703},[55,57112,56958],{"class":902},[55,57114,29],{"class":65},[55,57116,12956],{"class":318},[55,57118,1789],{"class":65},[55,57120,57121],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,57122,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,57124,57125,57127,57129,57131,57133,57135,57137,57139],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,57126,5046],{"class":902},[55,57128,4186],{"class":65},[55,57130,76],{"class":75},[55,57132,13596],{"class":65},[55,57134,13599],{"class":318},[55,57136,66],{"class":65},[55,57138,56417],{"class":75},[55,57140,322],{"class":65},[55,57142,57143],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,57144,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,57146,57147,57149,57151,57153,57155],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,57148,62],{"class":61},[55,57150,66],{"class":65},[55,57152,294],{"class":318},[55,57154,3953],{"class":65},[55,57156,57157],{"class":3956},"  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[14,57159,57160,57161,57163],{},"Fix: remember that ",[18,57162,55671],{}," is shallow.",[889,57165,25670,57167,57169],{"id":57166},"trying-to-use-copy-on-the-wrong-data-type",[18,57168,12821],{}," on the wrong data type",[14,57171,57172,57174],{},[18,57173,12821],{}," here is a list method, so the value must be a list.",[46,57176,57178],{"className":48,"code":57177,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name = \"Alice\"\n# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[18,57179,57180,57192],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,57181,57182,57184,57186,57188,57190],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,57183,1004],{"class":902},[55,57185,906],{"class":703},[55,57187,793],{"class":109},[55,57189,5290],{"class":129},[55,57191,1052],{"class":109},[55,57193,57194],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,57195,57196],{"class":3956},"# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[14,57198,57199],{},"If you are not sure what the variable contains, check its type:",[46,57201,57203],{"className":48,"code":57202,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(type(name))\n",[18,57204,57205],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,57206,57207,57209,57211,57213,57215,57217],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,57208,62],{"class":61},[55,57210,66],{"class":65},[55,57212,1879],{"class":69},[55,57214,66],{"class":65},[55,57216,785],{"class":318},[55,57218,79],{"class":65},[14,57220,57221,57222,57226],{},"You can also review ",[294,57223,57225],{"href":57224},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list\u002F","creating a list in Python"," if you need a quick refresher.",[41,57228,2139],{"id":2138},[889,57230,12748,57232,57234],{"id":57231},"does-listcopy-change-the-original-list",[18,57233,55671],{}," change the original list?",[14,57236,57237],{},"No. It returns a new list. The original list stays the same unless you change it separately.",[889,57239,5466,57241,4679,57243,2794],{"id":57240},"what-is-the-difference-between-listcopy-and",[18,57242,55671],{},[18,57244,906],{},[14,57246,57247,57249,57250,57252],{},[18,57248,12821],{}," creates a new list. ",[18,57251,906],{}," creates another reference to the same list.",[889,57254,14950,57256,14953],{"id":57255},"is-listcopy-a-deep-copy",[18,57257,55671],{},[14,57259,57260],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable items are still shared.",[889,57262,57264],{"id":57263},"can-i-copy-an-empty-list","Can I copy an empty list?",[14,57266,42217,57267,57270],{},[18,57268,57269],{},"empty_list.copy()"," returns another empty list.",[889,57272,14950,57274,57276,57277,2794],{"id":57273},"is-listcopy-the-same-as",[18,57275,55671],{}," the same as ",[18,57278,56704],{},[14,57280,57281],{},"For basic list copying, yes. Both create a shallow copy of the list.",[41,57283,2193],{"id":2192},[240,57285,57286,57291,57295,57300,57306],{},[243,57287,57288],{},[294,57289,15012],{"href":57290},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python\u002F",[243,57292,57293],{},[294,57294,52841],{"href":51048},[243,57296,57297],{},[294,57298,57299],{"href":57224},"Creating a list in Python",[243,57301,57302],{},[294,57303,55590,57304,10780],{"href":56839},[18,57305,52722],{},[243,57307,57308],{},[294,57309,13837],{"href":13836},[2226,57311,57312],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":57314},[57315,57316,57318,57319,57321,57322,57323,57325,57333,57344],{"id":2307,"depth":82,"text":2308},{"id":55781,"depth":82,"text":57317},"What list.copy() does",{"id":2459,"depth":82,"text":2460},{"id":56052,"depth":82,"text":57320},"Why not use =",{"id":56330,"depth":82,"text":56331},{"id":17467,"depth":82,"text":17468},{"id":56681,"depth":82,"text":57324},"When to use list.copy()",{"id":4802,"depth":82,"text":4803,"children":57326},[57327,57329,57330,57331],{"id":56851,"depth":98,"text":57328},"Using = and expecting a real copy",{"id":56997,"depth":98,"text":56998},{"id":57080,"depth":98,"text":57081},{"id":57166,"depth":98,"text":57332},"Trying to use copy() on the wrong data type",{"id":2138,"depth":82,"text":2139,"children":57334},[57335,57337,57339,57341,57342],{"id":57231,"depth":98,"text":57336},"Does list.copy() change the original list?",{"id":57240,"depth":98,"text":57338},"What is the difference between list.copy() and =?",{"id":57255,"depth":98,"text":57340},"Is list.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":57263,"depth":98,"text":57264},{"id":57273,"depth":98,"text":57343},"Is list.copy() the same as [:]?",{"id":2192,"depth":82,"text":2193},"Master python list copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method",{"title":55659,"description":57345},"reference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method","11yUo2QbfqRZ7h2dQr_jV0K1th-3cpd3G63JAUj7QoI",{"id":57352,"title":57353,"body":57354,"description":59096,"extension":2267,"meta":59097,"navigation":1121,"path":59098,"seo":59099,"stem":59100,"__hash__":59101},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method.md","Python List count() Method",{"type":7,"value":57355,"toc":59055},[57356,57362,57368,57371,57382,57385,57387,57450,57456,57461,57465,57479,57482,57487,57492,57494,57496,57515,57527,57529,57596,57598,57606,57611,57613,57621,57624,57641,57643,57767,57778,57782,57787,57790,57792,57810,57814,57900,57909,57917,57986,57988,57991,58003,58008,58012,58083,58086,58090,58094,58159,58161,58169,58173,58256,58258,58266,58270,58331,58333,58341,58345,58432,58434,58442,58447,58452,58455,58466,58468,58553,58558,58567,58569,58573,58577,58582,58644,58648,58656,58662,58671,58676,58725,58728,58749,58753,58815,58822,58827,58830,58917,58920,58931,58934,58954,58956,58962,58965,58969,58973,58979,58982,58988,58995,59003,59014,59016,59052],[10,57357,54412,57359,11363],{"id":57358},"python-list-count-method",[18,57360,57361],{},"count()",[14,57363,57364,57367],{},[18,57365,57366],{},"list.count()"," tells you how many times one value appears in a list.",[14,57369,57370],{},"It is a useful method when you want to:",[240,57372,57373,57376,57379],{},[243,57374,57375],{},"count one specific item",[243,57377,57378],{},"check whether a value appears more than once",[243,57380,57381],{},"quickly see how many matches exist",[14,57383,57384],{},"It returns a number and does not change the original list.",[41,57386,44],{"id":43},[46,57388,57390],{"className":48,"code":57389,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 2]\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[18,57391,57392,57420,57438],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,57393,57394,57396,57398,57400,57402,57404,57406,57408,57410,57412,57414,57416,57418],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,57395,1168],{"class":902},[55,57397,906],{"class":703},[55,57399,909],{"class":65},[55,57401,93],{"class":75},[55,57403,163],{"class":65},[55,57405,166],{"class":75},[55,57407,163],{"class":65},[55,57409,166],{"class":75},[55,57411,163],{"class":65},[55,57413,171],{"class":75},[55,57415,163],{"class":65},[55,57417,166],{"class":75},[55,57419,924],{"class":65},[55,57421,57422,57424,57426,57428,57430,57432,57434,57436],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,57423,2534],{"class":902},[55,57425,906],{"class":703},[55,57427,1196],{"class":902},[55,57429,29],{"class":65},[55,57431,41324],{"class":318},[55,57433,66],{"class":65},[55,57435,707],{"class":75},[55,57437,322],{"class":65},[55,57439,57440,57442,57444,57446,57448],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,57441,62],{"class":61},[55,57443,66],{"class":65},[55,57445,2569],{"class":318},[55,57447,3953],{"class":65},[55,57449,50839],{"class":3956},[14,57451,212,57452,57455],{},[18,57453,57454],{},"list.count(value)"," to count how many times one value appears in a list.",[41,57457,3970,57459,3973],{"id":57458},"what-listcount-does",[18,57460,57366],{},[14,57462,57463,790],{},[18,57464,57366],{},[240,57466,57467,57470,57473,57476],{},[243,57468,57469],{},"counts how many times a given value appears in a list",[243,57471,57472],{},"returns an integer",[243,57474,57475],{},"does not change the original list",[243,57477,57478],{},"checks for exact matches",[14,57480,57481],{},"This means Python looks through the whole list and compares each item to the value you gave it.",[14,57483,57484,57485,29],{},"If the value appears 3 times, the method returns ",[18,57486,2366],{},[14,57488,57489,57490,29],{},"If it does not appear at all, the method returns ",[18,57491,76],{},[41,57493,2460],{"id":2459},[14,57495,2463],{},[46,57497,57499],{"className":48,"code":57498,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_list.count(value)\n",[18,57500,57501],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,57502,57503,57505,57507,57509,57511,57513],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,57504,1477],{"class":902},[55,57506,29],{"class":65},[55,57508,41324],{"class":318},[55,57510,66],{"class":65},[55,57512,319],{"class":318},[55,57514,322],{"class":65},[240,57516,57517,57522],{},[243,57518,57519,57521],{},[18,57520,1477],{}," is the list you want to search",[243,57523,57524,57526],{},[18,57525,319],{}," is the item you want to count",[14,57528,358],{},[46,57530,57532],{"className":48,"code":57531,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"a\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters.count(\"a\"))\n",[18,57533,57534,57574],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,57535,57536,57538,57540,57542,57544,57546,57548,57550,57552,57554,57556,57558,57560,57562,57564,57566,57568,57570,57572],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,57537,36151],{"class":902},[55,57539,906],{"class":703},[55,57541,909],{"class":65},[55,57543,126],{"class":109},[55,57545,294],{"class":129},[55,57547,126],{"class":109},[55,57549,163],{"class":65},[55,57551,793],{"class":109},[55,57553,5046],{"class":129},[55,57555,126],{"class":109},[55,57557,163],{"class":65},[55,57559,793],{"class":109},[55,57561,294],{"class":129},[55,57563,126],{"class":109},[55,57565,163],{"class":65},[55,57567,793],{"class":109},[55,57569,9777],{"class":129},[55,57571,126],{"class":109},[55,57573,924],{"class":65},[55,57575,57576,57578,57580,57582,57584,57586,57588,57590,57592,57594],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,57577,62],{"class":61},[55,57579,66],{"class":65},[55,57581,36204],{"class":318},[55,57583,29],{"class":65},[55,57585,41324],{"class":318},[55,57587,66],{"class":65},[55,57589,126],{"class":109},[55,57591,294],{"class":129},[55,57593,126],{"class":109},[55,57595,79],{"class":65},[14,57597,281],{},[46,57599,57600],{"className":48,"code":17105,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,57601,57602],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,57603,57604],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,57605,17105],{"class":75},[14,57607,57608,57609,29],{},"Python checks the whole list. If the value is not found, it returns ",[18,57610,76],{},[41,57612,38083],{"id":38082},[14,57614,57615,57616,57618,57619,29],{},"The return value from ",[18,57617,57361],{}," is always an ",[18,57620,2492],{},[14,57622,57623],{},"Possible results:",[240,57625,57626,57631,57636],{},[243,57627,57628,57630],{},[18,57629,76],{}," if the value does not exist in the list",[243,57632,57633,57635],{},[18,57634,93],{}," if it appears once",[243,57637,57638,57640],{},[18,57639,707],{}," or more if it appears multiple times",[14,57642,358],{},[46,57644,57646],{"className":48,"code":57645,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nprint(colors.count(\"blue\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))    # 1\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\")) # 0\n",[18,57647,57648,57688,57692,57717,57742],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,57649,57650,57652,57654,57656,57658,57660,57662,57664,57666,57668,57670,57672,57674,57676,57678,57680,57682,57684,57686],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,57651,13121],{"class":902},[55,57653,906],{"class":703},[55,57655,909],{"class":65},[55,57657,126],{"class":109},[55,57659,13138],{"class":129},[55,57661,126],{"class":109},[55,57663,163],{"class":65},[55,57665,793],{"class":109},[55,57667,13155],{"class":129},[55,57669,126],{"class":109},[55,57671,163],{"class":65},[55,57673,793],{"class":109},[55,57675,17505],{"class":129},[55,57677,126],{"class":109},[55,57679,163],{"class":65},[55,57681,793],{"class":109},[55,57683,13155],{"class":129},[55,57685,126],{"class":109},[55,57687,924],{"class":65},[55,57689,57690],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,57691,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,57693,57694,57696,57698,57700,57702,57704,57706,57708,57710,57712,57714],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,57695,62],{"class":61},[55,57697,66],{"class":65},[55,57699,17552],{"class":318},[55,57701,29],{"class":65},[55,57703,41324],{"class":318},[55,57705,66],{"class":65},[55,57707,126],{"class":109},[55,57709,13155],{"class":129},[55,57711,126],{"class":109},[55,57713,5645],{"class":65},[55,57715,57716],{"class":3956},"   # 2\n",[55,57718,57719,57721,57723,57725,57727,57729,57731,57733,57735,57737,57739],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,57720,62],{"class":61},[55,57722,66],{"class":65},[55,57724,17552],{"class":318},[55,57726,29],{"class":65},[55,57728,41324],{"class":318},[55,57730,66],{"class":65},[55,57732,126],{"class":109},[55,57734,13138],{"class":129},[55,57736,126],{"class":109},[55,57738,5645],{"class":65},[55,57740,57741],{"class":3956},"    # 1\n",[55,57743,57744,57746,57748,57750,57752,57754,57756,57758,57760,57762,57764],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,57745,62],{"class":61},[55,57747,66],{"class":65},[55,57749,17552],{"class":318},[55,57751,29],{"class":65},[55,57753,41324],{"class":318},[55,57755,66],{"class":65},[55,57757,126],{"class":109},[55,57759,22576],{"class":129},[55,57761,126],{"class":109},[55,57763,5645],{"class":65},[55,57765,57766],{"class":3956}," # 0\n",[14,57768,57769,57770,57772,57773,57775,57776,29],{},"If you only want to know whether a value exists, ",[18,57771,57361],{}," works, but using ",[18,57774,4168],{}," is often simpler. See ",[294,57777,6477],{"href":6476},[41,57779,57781],{"id":57780},"how-matching-works","How matching works",[14,57783,57784,57786],{},[18,57785,57366],{}," uses equality matching.",[14,57788,57789],{},"That means Python checks whether each item is equal to the value you passed in.",[14,57791,43716],{},[240,57793,57794,57797,57800,57807],{},[243,57795,57796],{},"matches are based on equality",[243,57798,57799],{},"strings are case-sensitive",[243,57801,57802,4679,57804,57806],{},[18,57803,93],{},[18,57805,24],{}," may compare as equal in Python",[243,57808,57809],{},"nested lists can be counted if the entire nested list matches",[889,57811,57813],{"id":57812},"strings-are-case-sensitive","Strings are case-sensitive",[46,57815,57817],{"className":48,"code":57816,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"apple\", \"Apple\", \"apple\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\nprint(words.count(\"Apple\"))  # 1\n",[18,57818,57819,57852,57876],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,57820,57821,57823,57825,57827,57829,57831,57833,57835,57837,57840,57842,57844,57846,57848,57850],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,57822,4355],{"class":902},[55,57824,906],{"class":703},[55,57826,909],{"class":65},[55,57828,126],{"class":109},[55,57830,4364],{"class":129},[55,57832,126],{"class":109},[55,57834,163],{"class":65},[55,57836,793],{"class":109},[55,57838,57839],{"class":129},"Apple",[55,57841,126],{"class":109},[55,57843,163],{"class":65},[55,57845,793],{"class":109},[55,57847,4364],{"class":129},[55,57849,126],{"class":109},[55,57851,924],{"class":65},[55,57853,57854,57856,57858,57860,57862,57864,57866,57868,57870,57872,57874],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,57855,62],{"class":61},[55,57857,66],{"class":65},[55,57859,4399],{"class":318},[55,57861,29],{"class":65},[55,57863,41324],{"class":318},[55,57865,66],{"class":65},[55,57867,126],{"class":109},[55,57869,4364],{"class":129},[55,57871,126],{"class":109},[55,57873,5645],{"class":65},[55,57875,51484],{"class":3956},[55,57877,57878,57880,57882,57884,57886,57888,57890,57892,57894,57896,57898],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,57879,62],{"class":61},[55,57881,66],{"class":65},[55,57883,4399],{"class":318},[55,57885,29],{"class":65},[55,57887,41324],{"class":318},[55,57889,66],{"class":65},[55,57891,126],{"class":109},[55,57893,57839],{"class":129},[55,57895,126],{"class":109},[55,57897,5645],{"class":65},[55,57899,27834],{"class":3956},[14,57901,57902,4679,57905,57908],{},[18,57903,57904],{},"\"apple\"",[18,57906,57907],{},"\"Apple\""," are different strings.",[889,57910,57912,4679,57914,57916],{"id":57911},"_1-and-true-can-match",[18,57913,93],{},[18,57915,24],{}," can match",[46,57918,57920],{"className":48,"code":57919,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = [1, True, 2, 1]\nprint(values.count(1))     # 3\nprint(values.count(True))  # 3\n",[18,57921,57922,57946,57966],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,57923,57924,57926,57928,57930,57932,57934,57936,57938,57940,57942,57944],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,57925,4110],{"class":902},[55,57927,906],{"class":703},[55,57929,909],{"class":65},[55,57931,93],{"class":75},[55,57933,163],{"class":65},[55,57935,4202],{"class":187},[55,57937,163],{"class":65},[55,57939,166],{"class":75},[55,57941,163],{"class":65},[55,57943,5782],{"class":75},[55,57945,924],{"class":65},[55,57947,57948,57950,57952,57954,57956,57958,57960,57962,57964],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,57949,62],{"class":61},[55,57951,66],{"class":65},[55,57953,5642],{"class":318},[55,57955,29],{"class":65},[55,57957,41324],{"class":318},[55,57959,66],{"class":65},[55,57961,93],{"class":75},[55,57963,5645],{"class":65},[55,57965,50987],{"class":3956},[55,57967,57968,57970,57972,57974,57976,57978,57980,57982,57984],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,57969,62],{"class":61},[55,57971,66],{"class":65},[55,57973,5642],{"class":318},[55,57975,29],{"class":65},[55,57977,41324],{"class":318},[55,57979,66],{"class":65},[55,57981,24],{"class":187},[55,57983,5645],{"class":65},[55,57985,50839],{"class":3956},[14,57987,4696],{},[14,57989,57990],{},"In Python:",[240,57992,57993,57998],{},[243,57994,57995],{},[18,57996,57997],{},"True == 1",[243,57999,58000],{},[18,58001,58002],{},"False == 0",[14,58004,53723,58005,58007],{},[18,58006,57361],{}," may include both booleans and integers when they compare as equal.",[889,58009,58011],{"id":58010},"nested-lists-must-match-exactly","Nested lists must match exactly",[46,58013,58015],{"className":48,"code":58014,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [1, 2], [1]]\nprint(items.count([1, 2]))  # 2\n",[18,58016,58017,58059],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,58018,58019,58021,58023,58025,58027,58029,58031,58033,58035,58037,58039,58041,58043,58045,58047,58049,58051,58053,58055,58057],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,58020,903],{"class":902},[55,58022,906],{"class":703},[55,58024,56364],{"class":65},[55,58026,93],{"class":75},[55,58028,163],{"class":65},[55,58030,166],{"class":75},[55,58032,18112],{"class":65},[55,58034,909],{"class":65},[55,58036,2366],{"class":75},[55,58038,163],{"class":65},[55,58040,2759],{"class":75},[55,58042,18112],{"class":65},[55,58044,909],{"class":65},[55,58046,93],{"class":75},[55,58048,163],{"class":65},[55,58050,166],{"class":75},[55,58052,18112],{"class":65},[55,58054,909],{"class":65},[55,58056,93],{"class":75},[55,58058,53312],{"class":65},[55,58060,58061,58063,58065,58067,58069,58071,58073,58075,58077,58079,58081],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,58062,62],{"class":61},[55,58064,66],{"class":65},[55,58066,937],{"class":318},[55,58068,29],{"class":65},[55,58070,41324],{"class":318},[55,58072,158],{"class":65},[55,58074,93],{"class":75},[55,58076,163],{"class":65},[55,58078,166],{"class":75},[55,58080,5020],{"class":65},[55,58082,51484],{"class":3956},[14,58084,58085],{},"Python counts only exact matches of the full nested list.",[41,58087,58089],{"id":58088},"beginner-examples-to-include","Beginner examples to include",[889,58091,58093],{"id":58092},"count-a-number-in-a-list-of-numbers","Count a number in a list of numbers",[46,58095,58097],{"className":48,"code":58096,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 10, 30, 10]\nresult = numbers.count(10)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,58098,58099,58127,58145,58149],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,58100,58101,58103,58105,58107,58109,58111,58113,58115,58117,58119,58121,58123,58125],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,58102,1168],{"class":902},[55,58104,906],{"class":703},[55,58106,909],{"class":65},[55,58108,376],{"class":75},[55,58110,163],{"class":65},[55,58112,916],{"class":75},[55,58114,163],{"class":65},[55,58116,6283],{"class":75},[55,58118,163],{"class":65},[55,58120,921],{"class":75},[55,58122,163],{"class":65},[55,58124,6283],{"class":75},[55,58126,924],{"class":65},[55,58128,58129,58131,58133,58135,58137,58139,58141,58143],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,58130,2534],{"class":902},[55,58132,906],{"class":703},[55,58134,1196],{"class":902},[55,58136,29],{"class":65},[55,58138,41324],{"class":318},[55,58140,66],{"class":65},[55,58142,376],{"class":75},[55,58144,322],{"class":65},[55,58146,58147],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,58148,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,58150,58151,58153,58155,58157],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,58152,62],{"class":61},[55,58154,66],{"class":65},[55,58156,2569],{"class":318},[55,58158,322],{"class":65},[14,58160,281],{},[46,58162,58163],{"className":48,"code":46684,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,58164,58165],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,58166,58167],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,58168,46684],{"class":75},[889,58170,58172],{"id":58171},"count-a-word-in-a-list-of-strings","Count a word in a list of strings",[46,58174,58176],{"className":48,"code":58175,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"cat\", \"dog\", \"cat\", \"bird\"]\nresult = words.count(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,58177,58178,58220,58242,58246],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,58179,58180,58182,58184,58186,58188,58190,58192,58194,58196,58199,58201,58203,58205,58207,58209,58211,58213,58216,58218],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,58181,4355],{"class":902},[55,58183,906],{"class":703},[55,58185,909],{"class":65},[55,58187,126],{"class":109},[55,58189,37109],{"class":129},[55,58191,126],{"class":109},[55,58193,163],{"class":65},[55,58195,793],{"class":109},[55,58197,58198],{"class":129},"dog",[55,58200,126],{"class":109},[55,58202,163],{"class":65},[55,58204,793],{"class":109},[55,58206,37109],{"class":129},[55,58208,126],{"class":109},[55,58210,163],{"class":65},[55,58212,793],{"class":109},[55,58214,58215],{"class":129},"bird",[55,58217,126],{"class":109},[55,58219,924],{"class":65},[55,58221,58222,58224,58226,58228,58230,58232,58234,58236,58238,58240],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,58223,2534],{"class":902},[55,58225,906],{"class":703},[55,58227,6447],{"class":902},[55,58229,29],{"class":65},[55,58231,41324],{"class":318},[55,58233,66],{"class":65},[55,58235,126],{"class":109},[55,58237,37109],{"class":129},[55,58239,126],{"class":109},[55,58241,322],{"class":65},[55,58243,58244],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,58245,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,58247,58248,58250,58252,58254],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,58249,62],{"class":61},[55,58251,66],{"class":65},[55,58253,2569],{"class":318},[55,58255,322],{"class":65},[14,58257,281],{},[46,58259,58260],{"className":48,"code":17105,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,58261,58262],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,58263,58264],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,58265,17105],{"class":75},[889,58267,58269],{"id":58268},"count-a-value-that-is-not-in-the-list","Count a value that is not in the list",[46,58271,58273],{"className":48,"code":58272,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = numbers.count(5)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,58274,58275,58299,58317,58321],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,58276,58277,58279,58281,58283,58285,58287,58289,58291,58293,58295,58297],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,58278,1168],{"class":902},[55,58280,906],{"class":703},[55,58282,909],{"class":65},[55,58284,93],{"class":75},[55,58286,163],{"class":65},[55,58288,166],{"class":75},[55,58290,163],{"class":65},[55,58292,171],{"class":75},[55,58294,163],{"class":65},[55,58296,2759],{"class":75},[55,58298,924],{"class":65},[55,58300,58301,58303,58305,58307,58309,58311,58313,58315],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,58302,2534],{"class":902},[55,58304,906],{"class":703},[55,58306,1196],{"class":902},[55,58308,29],{"class":65},[55,58310,41324],{"class":318},[55,58312,66],{"class":65},[55,58314,688],{"class":75},[55,58316,322],{"class":65},[55,58318,58319],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,58320,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,58322,58323,58325,58327,58329],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,58324,62],{"class":61},[55,58326,66],{"class":65},[55,58328,2569],{"class":318},[55,58330,322],{"class":65},[14,58332,281],{},[46,58334,58335],{"className":48,"code":47319,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,58336,58337],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,58338,58339],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,58340,47319],{"class":75},[889,58342,58344],{"id":58343},"count-repeated-nested-list-values","Count repeated nested list values",[46,58346,58348],{"className":48,"code":58347,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = [[1, 2], [1, 2], [2, 3], [1, 2]]\nresult = data.count([1, 2])\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,58349,58350,58396,58418,58422],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,58351,58352,58354,58356,58358,58360,58362,58364,58366,58368,58370,58372,58374,58376,58378,58380,58382,58384,58386,58388,58390,58392,58394],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,58353,9202],{"class":902},[55,58355,906],{"class":703},[55,58357,56364],{"class":65},[55,58359,93],{"class":75},[55,58361,163],{"class":65},[55,58363,166],{"class":75},[55,58365,18112],{"class":65},[55,58367,909],{"class":65},[55,58369,93],{"class":75},[55,58371,163],{"class":65},[55,58373,166],{"class":75},[55,58375,18112],{"class":65},[55,58377,909],{"class":65},[55,58379,707],{"class":75},[55,58381,163],{"class":65},[55,58383,171],{"class":75},[55,58385,18112],{"class":65},[55,58387,909],{"class":65},[55,58389,93],{"class":75},[55,58391,163],{"class":65},[55,58393,166],{"class":75},[55,58395,53312],{"class":65},[55,58397,58398,58400,58402,58404,58406,58408,58410,58412,58414,58416],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,58399,2534],{"class":902},[55,58401,906],{"class":703},[55,58403,14613],{"class":902},[55,58405,29],{"class":65},[55,58407,41324],{"class":318},[55,58409,158],{"class":65},[55,58411,93],{"class":75},[55,58413,163],{"class":65},[55,58415,166],{"class":75},[55,58417,4174],{"class":65},[55,58419,58420],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,58421,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,58423,58424,58426,58428,58430],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,58425,62],{"class":61},[55,58427,66],{"class":65},[55,58429,2569],{"class":318},[55,58431,322],{"class":65},[14,58433,281],{},[46,58435,58436],{"className":48,"code":46684,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,58437,58438],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,58439,58440],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,58441,46684],{"class":75},[41,58443,5247,58445],{"id":58444},"when-to-use-count",[18,58446,57361],{},[14,58448,212,58449,58451],{},[18,58450,57361],{}," when you need the number of appearances of one value.",[14,58453,58454],{},"Good use cases:",[240,58456,58457,58460,58463],{},[243,58458,58459],{},"counting one specific item",[243,58461,58462],{},"checking whether a list contains duplicates of a value",[243,58464,58465],{},"doing a quick count before making a decision",[14,58467,358],{},[46,58469,58471],{"className":48,"code":58470,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"votes = [\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\"]\nyes_votes = votes.count(\"yes\")\n\nprint(yes_votes)\n",[18,58472,58473,58514,58538,58542],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,58474,58475,58478,58480,58482,58484,58486,58488,58490,58492,58494,58496,58498,58500,58502,58504,58506,58508,58510,58512],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,58476,58477],{"class":902},"votes ",[55,58479,906],{"class":703},[55,58481,909],{"class":65},[55,58483,126],{"class":109},[55,58485,1804],{"class":129},[55,58487,126],{"class":109},[55,58489,163],{"class":65},[55,58491,793],{"class":109},[55,58493,1743],{"class":129},[55,58495,126],{"class":109},[55,58497,163],{"class":65},[55,58499,793],{"class":109},[55,58501,1804],{"class":129},[55,58503,126],{"class":109},[55,58505,163],{"class":65},[55,58507,793],{"class":109},[55,58509,1804],{"class":129},[55,58511,126],{"class":109},[55,58513,924],{"class":65},[55,58515,58516,58519,58521,58524,58526,58528,58530,58532,58534,58536],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,58517,58518],{"class":902},"yes_votes ",[55,58520,906],{"class":703},[55,58522,58523],{"class":902}," votes",[55,58525,29],{"class":65},[55,58527,41324],{"class":318},[55,58529,66],{"class":65},[55,58531,126],{"class":109},[55,58533,1804],{"class":129},[55,58535,126],{"class":109},[55,58537,322],{"class":65},[55,58539,58540],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,58541,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,58543,58544,58546,58548,58551],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,58545,62],{"class":61},[55,58547,66],{"class":65},[55,58549,58550],{"class":318},"yes_votes",[55,58552,322],{"class":65},[14,58554,58555,58557],{},[18,58556,57361],{}," is not the best choice if you need counts for many different values. In that case, you would usually use a loop or another tool.",[14,58559,58560,58561,4679,58563,29],{},"If you are still learning list basics, see ",[294,58562,52841],{"href":51048},[294,58564,58566],{"href":58565},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-list-in-python\u002F","what is a list in Python",[41,58568,1586],{"id":1585},[14,58570,1589,58571,29],{},[18,58572,57366],{},[889,58574,58576],{"id":58575},"trying-to-count-part-of-a-string-instead-of-list-items","Trying to count part of a string instead of list items",[14,58578,58579,58581],{},[18,58580,57366],{}," counts list items, not parts of a string.",[46,58583,58585],{"className":48,"code":58584,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"apple pie\", \"banana\", \"apple pie\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 0\n",[18,58586,58587,58620],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,58588,58589,58591,58593,58595,58597,58600,58602,58604,58606,58608,58610,58612,58614,58616,58618],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,58590,4355],{"class":902},[55,58592,906],{"class":703},[55,58594,909],{"class":65},[55,58596,126],{"class":109},[55,58598,58599],{"class":129},"apple pie",[55,58601,126],{"class":109},[55,58603,163],{"class":65},[55,58605,793],{"class":109},[55,58607,4373],{"class":129},[55,58609,126],{"class":109},[55,58611,163],{"class":65},[55,58613,793],{"class":109},[55,58615,58599],{"class":129},[55,58617,126],{"class":109},[55,58619,924],{"class":65},[55,58621,58622,58624,58626,58628,58630,58632,58634,58636,58638,58640,58642],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,58623,62],{"class":61},[55,58625,66],{"class":65},[55,58627,4399],{"class":318},[55,58629,29],{"class":65},[55,58631,41324],{"class":318},[55,58633,66],{"class":65},[55,58635,126],{"class":109},[55,58637,4364],{"class":129},[55,58639,126],{"class":109},[55,58641,5645],{"class":65},[55,58643,51316],{"class":3956},[14,58645,2790,58646,2794],{},[18,58647,76],{},[14,58649,29116,58650,58652,58653,29],{},[18,58651,57904],{}," is not a full item in the list. The list contains ",[18,58654,58655],{},"\"apple pie\"",[14,58657,58658,58659,29],{},"If your data is a string instead of a list, you may be thinking of ",[18,58660,58661],{},"str.count()",[889,58663,1595,58665,1598,58667,25,58669],{"id":58664},"expecting-count-to-return-true-or-false",[18,58666,57361],{},[18,58668,24],{},[18,58670,28],{},[14,58672,58673,58675],{},[18,58674,57361],{}," returns a number, not a boolean.",[46,58677,58679],{"className":48,"code":58678,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.count(2))  # 2\n",[18,58680,58681,58705],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,58682,58683,58685,58687,58689,58691,58693,58695,58697,58699,58701,58703],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,58684,1168],{"class":902},[55,58686,906],{"class":703},[55,58688,909],{"class":65},[55,58690,93],{"class":75},[55,58692,163],{"class":65},[55,58694,166],{"class":75},[55,58696,163],{"class":65},[55,58698,166],{"class":75},[55,58700,163],{"class":65},[55,58702,171],{"class":75},[55,58704,924],{"class":65},[55,58706,58707,58709,58711,58713,58715,58717,58719,58721,58723],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,58708,62],{"class":61},[55,58710,66],{"class":65},[55,58712,332],{"class":318},[55,58714,29],{"class":65},[55,58716,41324],{"class":318},[55,58718,66],{"class":65},[55,58720,707],{"class":75},[55,58722,5645],{"class":65},[55,58724,51484],{"class":3956},[14,58726,58727],{},"If you want a true\u002Ffalse answer, use:",[46,58729,58731],{"className":48,"code":58730,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(2 in numbers)  # True\n",[18,58732,58733],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,58734,58735,58737,58739,58741,58743,58745,58747],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,58736,62],{"class":61},[55,58738,66],{"class":65},[55,58740,707],{"class":75},[55,58742,21225],{"class":1193},[55,58744,1196],{"class":318},[55,58746,3953],{"class":65},[55,58748,3957],{"class":3956},[889,58750,58752],{"id":58751},"forgetting-that-string-matching-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that string matching is case-sensitive",[46,58754,58756],{"className":48,"code":58755,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"names = [\"Sam\", \"sam\", \"SAM\"]\nprint(names.count(\"sam\"))  # 1\n",[18,58757,58758,58791],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,58759,58760,58762,58764,58766,58768,58770,58772,58774,58776,58778,58780,58782,58784,58787,58789],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,58761,5281],{"class":902},[55,58763,906],{"class":703},[55,58765,909],{"class":65},[55,58767,126],{"class":109},[55,58769,796],{"class":129},[55,58771,126],{"class":109},[55,58773,163],{"class":65},[55,58775,793],{"class":109},[55,58777,20269],{"class":129},[55,58779,126],{"class":109},[55,58781,163],{"class":65},[55,58783,793],{"class":109},[55,58785,58786],{"class":129},"SAM",[55,58788,126],{"class":109},[55,58790,924],{"class":65},[55,58792,58793,58795,58797,58799,58801,58803,58805,58807,58809,58811,58813],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,58794,62],{"class":61},[55,58796,66],{"class":65},[55,58798,5325],{"class":318},[55,58800,29],{"class":65},[55,58802,41324],{"class":318},[55,58804,66],{"class":65},[55,58806,126],{"class":109},[55,58808,20269],{"class":129},[55,58810,126],{"class":109},[55,58812,5645],{"class":65},[55,58814,27834],{"class":3956},[14,58816,58817,58818,58821],{},"Only the exact string ",[18,58819,58820],{},"\"sam\""," matches.",[889,58823,29705,58825,33606],{"id":58824},"calling-count-on-the-wrong-type",[18,58826,57361],{},[14,58828,58829],{},"If you are not sure what your variable contains, inspect it first:",[46,58831,58833],{"className":48,"code":58832,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(value in my_list)\nfor item in my_list:\n    print(repr(item))\n",[18,58834,58835,58845,58859,58877,58891,58903],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,58836,58837,58839,58841,58843],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,58838,62],{"class":61},[55,58840,66],{"class":65},[55,58842,1477],{"class":318},[55,58844,322],{"class":65},[55,58846,58847,58849,58851,58853,58855,58857],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,58848,62],{"class":61},[55,58850,66],{"class":65},[55,58852,1879],{"class":69},[55,58854,66],{"class":65},[55,58856,1477],{"class":318},[55,58858,79],{"class":65},[55,58860,58861,58863,58865,58867,58869,58871,58873,58875],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,58862,62],{"class":61},[55,58864,66],{"class":65},[55,58866,1477],{"class":318},[55,58868,29],{"class":65},[55,58870,41324],{"class":318},[55,58872,66],{"class":65},[55,58874,319],{"class":318},[55,58876,79],{"class":65},[55,58878,58879,58881,58883,58885,58887,58889],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,58880,62],{"class":61},[55,58882,66],{"class":65},[55,58884,1654],{"class":318},[55,58886,4168],{"class":1193},[55,58888,1534],{"class":318},[55,58890,322],{"class":65},[55,58892,58893,58895,58897,58899,58901],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,58894,6236],{"class":1193},[55,58896,6239],{"class":902},[55,58898,4168],{"class":1193},[55,58900,1534],{"class":902},[55,58902,1199],{"class":65},[55,58904,58905,58907,58909,58911,58913,58915],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,58906,1204],{"class":61},[55,58908,66],{"class":65},[55,58910,41844],{"class":61},[55,58912,66],{"class":65},[55,58914,23363],{"class":318},[55,58916,79],{"class":65},[14,58918,58919],{},"These checks can help you see:",[240,58921,58922,58925,58928],{},[243,58923,58924],{},"whether the variable is really a list",[243,58926,58927],{},"whether the values are exactly what you expect",[243,58929,58930],{},"whether spacing, capitalization, or data type differences are causing problems",[14,58932,58933],{},"Common causes of confusion include:",[240,58935,58936,58941,58944,58951],{},[243,58937,50560,58938,58940],{},[18,58939,57361],{}," when the data is a string, not a list",[243,58942,58943],{},"expecting substring behavior instead of exact list-item matching",[243,58945,11147,58946,58948,58949],{},[18,58947,57366],{}," with string ",[18,58950,57361],{},[243,58952,58953],{},"being surprised that booleans and integers can compare as equal",[41,58955,2139],{"id":2138},[889,58957,12748,58959,58961],{"id":58958},"does-listcount-change-the-list",[18,58960,57366],{}," change the list?",[14,58963,58964],{},"No. It only returns how many times a value appears.",[889,58966,58968],{"id":58967},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-list","What happens if the value is not in the list?",[14,58970,11954,58971,29],{},[18,58972,76],{},[889,58974,5456,58976,58978],{"id":58975},"can-listcount-count-multiple-different-values-at-once",[18,58977,57366],{}," count multiple different values at once?",[14,58980,58981],{},"No. It counts one value per call.",[889,58983,14950,58985,58987],{"id":58984},"is-listcount-case-sensitive-for-strings",[18,58986,57366],{}," case-sensitive for strings?",[14,58989,42217,58990,4679,58992,58994],{},[18,58991,57907],{},[18,58993,57904],{}," are different values.",[889,58996,5444,58998,59000,59001,2794],{"id":58997},"why-does-true-sometimes-count-like-1",[18,58999,24],{}," sometimes count like ",[18,59002,93],{},[14,59004,1939,59005,59007,59008,4679,59010,59007,59012,29],{},[18,59006,24],{}," compares equal to ",[18,59009,93],{},[18,59011,28],{},[18,59013,76],{},[41,59015,2193],{"id":2192},[240,59017,59018,59022,59028,59032,59040,59047],{},[243,59019,59020],{},[294,59021,52841],{"href":51048},[243,59023,59024],{},[294,59025,59027],{"href":59026},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to find an item in a list in Python",[243,59029,59030],{},[294,59031,7209],{"href":6476},[243,59033,59034],{},[294,59035,55590,59037,10780],{"href":59036},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method\u002F",[18,59038,59039],{},"index()",[243,59041,59042],{},[294,59043,3871,59045],{"href":59044},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len",[18,59046,42426],{},[243,59048,59049],{},[294,59050,59051],{"href":58565},"What is a list in Python",[2226,59053,59054],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":59056},[59057,59058,59060,59061,59062,59068,59074,59076,59084,59095],{"id":43,"depth":82,"text":44},{"id":57458,"depth":82,"text":59059},"What list.count() does",{"id":2459,"depth":82,"text":2460},{"id":38082,"depth":82,"text":38083},{"id":57780,"depth":82,"text":57781,"children":59063},[59064,59065,59067],{"id":57812,"depth":98,"text":57813},{"id":57911,"depth":98,"text":59066},"1 and True can match",{"id":58010,"depth":98,"text":58011},{"id":58088,"depth":82,"text":58089,"children":59069},[59070,59071,59072,59073],{"id":58092,"depth":98,"text":58093},{"id":58171,"depth":98,"text":58172},{"id":58268,"depth":98,"text":58269},{"id":58343,"depth":98,"text":58344},{"id":58444,"depth":82,"text":59075},"When to use count()",{"id":1585,"depth":82,"text":1586,"children":59077},[59078,59079,59081,59082],{"id":58575,"depth":98,"text":58576},{"id":58664,"depth":98,"text":59080},"Expecting count() to return True or False",{"id":58751,"depth":98,"text":58752},{"id":58824,"depth":98,"text":59083},"Calling count() on the wrong type",{"id":2138,"depth":82,"text":2139,"children":59085},[59086,59088,59089,59091,59093],{"id":58958,"depth":98,"text":59087},"Does list.count() change the list?",{"id":58967,"depth":98,"text":58968},{"id":58975,"depth":98,"text":59090},"Can list.count() count multiple different values at once?",{"id":58984,"depth":98,"text":59092},"Is list.count() case-sensitive for strings?",{"id":58997,"depth":98,"text":59094},"Why does True sometimes count like 1?",{"id":2192,"depth":82,"text":2193},"Master python list count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method",{"title":57353,"description":59096},"reference\u002Fpython-list-count-method","OaDs4b1B53uOAHV8umIolgeKHFj-NyORlCwOR-o8JYw",{"id":59103,"title":59104,"body":59105,"description":61068,"extension":2267,"meta":61069,"navigation":1121,"path":61070,"seo":61071,"stem":61072,"__hash__":61073},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list.md","Python List: Creating a List",{"type":7,"value":59106,"toc":61031},[59107,59110,59113,59115,59243,59247,59328,59339,59341,59360,59364,59367,59370,59388,59390,59433,59437,59462,59471,59475,59480,59483,59600,59604,59673,59677,59689,59693,59696,59737,59741,59754,59757,59842,59846,59879,59886,59892,59897,59899,59911,59915,59948,59952,59984,59988,60025,60029,60049,60053,60087,60091,60120,60131,60135,60138,60141,60154,60211,60215,60254,60260,60263,60265,60268,60272,60275,60300,60302,60327,60334,60337,60382,60386,60405,60408,60447,60454,60459,60493,60497,60598,60605,60638,60642,60668,60672,60675,60713,60716,60753,60757,60760,60779,60783,60844,60846,60864,60868,60871,60874,60903,60905,60909,60912,60920,60924,60927,60947,60953,60959,60963,60966,60973,60981,60983,61022,61028],[10,59108,59104],{"id":59109},"python-list-creating-a-list",[14,59111,59112],{},"A Python list is one of the most common data structures you will use. This page shows the main ways to create a list, what list syntax looks like, and when each approach is useful.",[41,59114,44],{"id":43},[46,59116,59118],{"className":48,"code":59117,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nempty_list = []\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(empty_list)\nprint(letters)\n",[18,59119,59120,59140,59172,59180,59198,59202,59212,59222,59233],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,59121,59122,59124,59126,59128,59130,59132,59134,59136,59138],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,59123,1168],{"class":902},[55,59125,906],{"class":703},[55,59127,909],{"class":65},[55,59129,93],{"class":75},[55,59131,163],{"class":65},[55,59133,166],{"class":75},[55,59135,163],{"class":65},[55,59137,171],{"class":75},[55,59139,924],{"class":65},[55,59141,59142,59144,59146,59148,59150,59152,59154,59156,59158,59160,59162,59164,59166,59168,59170],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,59143,5281],{"class":902},[55,59145,906],{"class":703},[55,59147,909],{"class":65},[55,59149,126],{"class":109},[55,59151,12925],{"class":129},[55,59153,126],{"class":109},[55,59155,163],{"class":65},[55,59157,793],{"class":109},[55,59159,36001],{"class":129},[55,59161,126],{"class":109},[55,59163,163],{"class":65},[55,59165,793],{"class":109},[55,59167,36010],{"class":129},[55,59169,126],{"class":109},[55,59171,924],{"class":65},[55,59173,59174,59176,59178],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,59175,56001],{"class":902},[55,59177,906],{"class":703},[55,59179,966],{"class":65},[55,59181,59182,59184,59186,59188,59190,59192,59194,59196],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,59183,36151],{"class":902},[55,59185,906],{"class":703},[55,59187,22612],{"class":69},[55,59189,66],{"class":65},[55,59191,126],{"class":109},[55,59193,41625],{"class":129},[55,59195,126],{"class":109},[55,59197,322],{"class":65},[55,59199,59200],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,59201,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,59203,59204,59206,59208,59210],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,59205,62],{"class":61},[55,59207,66],{"class":65},[55,59209,332],{"class":318},[55,59211,322],{"class":65},[55,59213,59214,59216,59218,59220],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,59215,62],{"class":61},[55,59217,66],{"class":65},[55,59219,5325],{"class":318},[55,59221,322],{"class":65},[55,59223,59224,59226,59228,59231],{"class":57,"line":582},[55,59225,62],{"class":61},[55,59227,66],{"class":65},[55,59229,59230],{"class":318},"empty_list",[55,59232,322],{"class":65},[55,59234,59235,59237,59239,59241],{"class":57,"line":6706},[55,59236,62],{"class":61},[55,59238,66],{"class":65},[55,59240,36204],{"class":318},[55,59242,322],{"class":65},[14,59244,59245],{},[435,59246,281],{},[46,59248,59250],{"className":48,"code":59249,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[18,59251,59252,59268,59296,59300],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,59253,59254,59256,59258,59260,59262,59264,59266],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,59255,4186],{"class":65},[55,59257,93],{"class":75},[55,59259,163],{"class":65},[55,59261,166],{"class":75},[55,59263,163],{"class":65},[55,59265,171],{"class":75},[55,59267,924],{"class":65},[55,59269,59270,59272,59274,59276,59278,59280,59282,59284,59286,59288,59290,59292,59294],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,59271,4186],{"class":65},[55,59273,1923],{"class":109},[55,59275,12925],{"class":129},[55,59277,1923],{"class":109},[55,59279,163],{"class":65},[55,59281,1918],{"class":109},[55,59283,36001],{"class":129},[55,59285,1923],{"class":109},[55,59287,163],{"class":65},[55,59289,1918],{"class":109},[55,59291,36010],{"class":129},[55,59293,1923],{"class":109},[55,59295,924],{"class":65},[55,59297,59298],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,59299,38360],{"class":65},[55,59301,59302,59304,59306,59308,59310,59312,59314,59316,59318,59320,59322,59324,59326],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,59303,4186],{"class":65},[55,59305,1923],{"class":109},[55,59307,294],{"class":129},[55,59309,1923],{"class":109},[55,59311,163],{"class":65},[55,59313,1918],{"class":109},[55,59315,5046],{"class":129},[55,59317,1923],{"class":109},[55,59319,163],{"class":65},[55,59321,1918],{"class":109},[55,59323,9777],{"class":129},[55,59325,1923],{"class":109},[55,59327,924],{"class":65},[14,59329,59330,59331,59333,59334,59336,59337,29],{},"Use square brackets ",[18,59332,461],{}," for most lists. Use ",[18,59335,24834],{}," when converting another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[18,59338,36259],{},[41,59340,15210],{"id":15209},[240,59342,59343,59346,59349,59352,59357],{},[243,59344,59345],{},"What a list is in Python",[243,59347,59348],{},"How to create a list with square brackets",[243,59350,59351],{},"How to create an empty list",[243,59353,59354,59355,2607],{},"How to create a list with the ",[18,59356,24834],{},[243,59358,59359],{},"What kinds of values a list can store",[41,59361,59363],{"id":59362},"what-a-python-list-is","What a Python list is",[14,59365,59366],{},"A list is an ordered collection of items.",[14,59368,59369],{},"This means:",[240,59371,59372,59375,59378,59381],{},[243,59373,59374],{},"A list can contain one item or many items",[243,59376,59377],{},"The order of items is kept",[243,59379,59380],{},"A list can hold different data types",[243,59382,59383,59384,59387],{},"A list is ",[435,59385,59386],{},"mutable",", which means you can change it after creating it",[14,59389,358],{},[46,59391,59393],{"className":48,"code":59392,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [\"apple\", 10, True]\n\nprint(items)\n",[18,59394,59395,59419,59423],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,59396,59397,59399,59401,59403,59405,59407,59409,59411,59413,59415,59417],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,59398,903],{"class":902},[55,59400,906],{"class":703},[55,59402,909],{"class":65},[55,59404,126],{"class":109},[55,59406,4364],{"class":129},[55,59408,126],{"class":109},[55,59410,163],{"class":65},[55,59412,6283],{"class":75},[55,59414,163],{"class":65},[55,59416,4202],{"class":187},[55,59418,924],{"class":65},[55,59420,59421],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,59422,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,59424,59425,59427,59429,59431],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,59426,62],{"class":61},[55,59428,66],{"class":65},[55,59430,937],{"class":318},[55,59432,322],{"class":65},[14,59434,59435],{},[435,59436,281],{},[46,59438,59440],{"className":48,"code":59439,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['apple', 10, True]\n",[18,59441,59442],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,59443,59444,59446,59448,59450,59452,59454,59456,59458,59460],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,59445,4186],{"class":65},[55,59447,1923],{"class":109},[55,59449,4364],{"class":129},[55,59451,1923],{"class":109},[55,59453,163],{"class":65},[55,59455,6283],{"class":75},[55,59457,163],{"class":65},[55,59459,4202],{"class":187},[55,59461,924],{"class":65},[14,59463,59464,59465,25,59468,29],{},"If you want a broader introduction, see ",[294,59466,59467],{"href":51048},"Python Lists Explained for Beginners",[294,59469,59470],{"href":58565},"What is a List in Python?",[41,59472,59474],{"id":59473},"create-a-list-with-square-brackets","Create a list with square brackets",[14,59476,59330,59477,59479],{},[18,59478,461],{}," to create a list. Put items inside the brackets and separate them with commas.",[14,59481,59482],{},"This is the most common way to create a list.",[46,59484,59486],{"className":48,"code":59485,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nmixed = [10, \"hello\", False]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(mixed)\n",[18,59487,59488,59508,59540,59565,59569,59579,59589],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,59489,59490,59492,59494,59496,59498,59500,59502,59504,59506],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,59491,1168],{"class":902},[55,59493,906],{"class":703},[55,59495,909],{"class":65},[55,59497,93],{"class":75},[55,59499,163],{"class":65},[55,59501,166],{"class":75},[55,59503,163],{"class":65},[55,59505,171],{"class":75},[55,59507,924],{"class":65},[55,59509,59510,59512,59514,59516,59518,59520,59522,59524,59526,59528,59530,59532,59534,59536,59538],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,59511,5281],{"class":902},[55,59513,906],{"class":703},[55,59515,909],{"class":65},[55,59517,126],{"class":109},[55,59519,12925],{"class":129},[55,59521,126],{"class":109},[55,59523,163],{"class":65},[55,59525,793],{"class":109},[55,59527,36001],{"class":129},[55,59529,126],{"class":109},[55,59531,163],{"class":65},[55,59533,793],{"class":109},[55,59535,36010],{"class":129},[55,59537,126],{"class":109},[55,59539,924],{"class":65},[55,59541,59542,59545,59547,59549,59551,59553,59555,59557,59559,59561,59563],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,59543,59544],{"class":902},"mixed ",[55,59546,906],{"class":703},[55,59548,909],{"class":65},[55,59550,376],{"class":75},[55,59552,163],{"class":65},[55,59554,793],{"class":109},[55,59556,130],{"class":129},[55,59558,126],{"class":109},[55,59560,163],{"class":65},[55,59562,4193],{"class":187},[55,59564,924],{"class":65},[55,59566,59567],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,59568,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,59570,59571,59573,59575,59577],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,59572,62],{"class":61},[55,59574,66],{"class":65},[55,59576,332],{"class":318},[55,59578,322],{"class":65},[55,59580,59581,59583,59585,59587],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,59582,62],{"class":61},[55,59584,66],{"class":65},[55,59586,5325],{"class":318},[55,59588,322],{"class":65},[55,59590,59591,59593,59595,59598],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,59592,62],{"class":61},[55,59594,66],{"class":65},[55,59596,59597],{"class":318},"mixed",[55,59599,322],{"class":65},[14,59601,59602],{},[435,59603,281],{},[46,59605,59607],{"className":48,"code":59606,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[10, 'hello', False]\n",[18,59608,59609,59625,59653],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,59610,59611,59613,59615,59617,59619,59621,59623],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,59612,4186],{"class":65},[55,59614,93],{"class":75},[55,59616,163],{"class":65},[55,59618,166],{"class":75},[55,59620,163],{"class":65},[55,59622,171],{"class":75},[55,59624,924],{"class":65},[55,59626,59627,59629,59631,59633,59635,59637,59639,59641,59643,59645,59647,59649,59651],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,59628,4186],{"class":65},[55,59630,1923],{"class":109},[55,59632,12925],{"class":129},[55,59634,1923],{"class":109},[55,59636,163],{"class":65},[55,59638,1918],{"class":109},[55,59640,36001],{"class":129},[55,59642,1923],{"class":109},[55,59644,163],{"class":65},[55,59646,1918],{"class":109},[55,59648,36010],{"class":129},[55,59650,1923],{"class":109},[55,59652,924],{"class":65},[55,59654,59655,59657,59659,59661,59663,59665,59667,59669,59671],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,59656,4186],{"class":65},[55,59658,376],{"class":75},[55,59660,163],{"class":65},[55,59662,1918],{"class":109},[55,59664,130],{"class":129},[55,59666,1923],{"class":109},[55,59668,163],{"class":65},[55,59670,4193],{"class":187},[55,59672,924],{"class":65},[889,59674,59676],{"id":59675},"key-points","Key points",[240,59678,59679,59684,59686],{},[243,59680,212,59681,59683],{},[18,59682,461],{}," to make a new list",[243,59685,15480],{},[243,59687,59688],{},"Works with numbers, strings, booleans, and mixed values",[41,59690,59692],{"id":59691},"create-an-empty-list","Create an empty list",[14,59694,59695],{},"Use empty square brackets when you want a blank list.",[46,59697,59699],{"className":48,"code":59698,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_list = []\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\n",[18,59700,59701,59709,59713,59723],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,59702,59703,59705,59707],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,59704,1446],{"class":902},[55,59706,906],{"class":703},[55,59708,966],{"class":65},[55,59710,59711],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,59712,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,59714,59715,59717,59719,59721],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,59716,62],{"class":61},[55,59718,66],{"class":65},[55,59720,1477],{"class":318},[55,59722,322],{"class":65},[55,59724,59725,59727,59729,59731,59733,59735],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,59726,62],{"class":61},[55,59728,66],{"class":65},[55,59730,11202],{"class":61},[55,59732,66],{"class":65},[55,59734,1477],{"class":318},[55,59736,79],{"class":65},[14,59738,59739],{},[435,59740,281],{},[46,59742,59744],{"className":48,"code":59743,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[]\n0\n",[18,59745,59746,59750],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,59747,59748],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,59749,38360],{"class":65},[55,59751,59752],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,59753,47319],{"class":75},[14,59755,59756],{},"An empty list is useful when you want to build a list step by step.",[46,59758,59760],{"className":48,"code":59759,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"names = []\n\nnames.append(\"Ana\")\nnames.append(\"Ben\")\nnames.append(\"Cara\")\n\nprint(names)\n",[18,59761,59762,59770,59774,59792,59810,59828,59832],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,59763,59764,59766,59768],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,59765,5281],{"class":902},[55,59767,906],{"class":703},[55,59769,966],{"class":65},[55,59771,59772],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,59773,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,59775,59776,59778,59780,59782,59784,59786,59788,59790],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,59777,5325],{"class":902},[55,59779,29],{"class":65},[55,59781,13599],{"class":318},[55,59783,66],{"class":65},[55,59785,126],{"class":109},[55,59787,12925],{"class":129},[55,59789,126],{"class":109},[55,59791,322],{"class":65},[55,59793,59794,59796,59798,59800,59802,59804,59806,59808],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,59795,5325],{"class":902},[55,59797,29],{"class":65},[55,59799,13599],{"class":318},[55,59801,66],{"class":65},[55,59803,126],{"class":109},[55,59805,36001],{"class":129},[55,59807,126],{"class":109},[55,59809,322],{"class":65},[55,59811,59812,59814,59816,59818,59820,59822,59824,59826],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,59813,5325],{"class":902},[55,59815,29],{"class":65},[55,59817,13599],{"class":318},[55,59819,66],{"class":65},[55,59821,126],{"class":109},[55,59823,36010],{"class":129},[55,59825,126],{"class":109},[55,59827,322],{"class":65},[55,59829,59830],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,59831,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,59833,59834,59836,59838,59840],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,59835,62],{"class":61},[55,59837,66],{"class":65},[55,59839,5325],{"class":318},[55,59841,322],{"class":65},[14,59843,59844],{},[435,59845,281],{},[46,59847,59849],{"className":48,"code":59848,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n",[18,59850,59851],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,59852,59853,59855,59857,59859,59861,59863,59865,59867,59869,59871,59873,59875,59877],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,59854,4186],{"class":65},[55,59856,1923],{"class":109},[55,59858,12925],{"class":129},[55,59860,1923],{"class":109},[55,59862,163],{"class":65},[55,59864,1918],{"class":109},[55,59866,36001],{"class":129},[55,59868,1923],{"class":109},[55,59870,163],{"class":65},[55,59872,1918],{"class":109},[55,59874,36010],{"class":129},[55,59876,1923],{"class":109},[55,59878,924],{"class":65},[14,59880,59881,59882,29],{},"To learn more about adding items, see the ",[294,59883,59884,10780],{"href":56839},[18,59885,52722],{},[41,59887,59889,59890],{"id":59888},"create-a-list-with-list","Create a list with ",[18,59891,24834],{},[14,59893,212,59894,59896],{},[18,59895,24834],{}," to convert another iterable into a list.",[14,59898,5741],{},[240,59900,59901,59903,59905,59907],{},[243,59902,335],{},[243,59904,341],{},[243,59906,347],{},[243,59908,59909],{},[18,59910,36259],{},[889,59912,59914],{"id":59913},"example-convert-a-string","Example: convert a string",[46,59916,59918],{"className":48,"code":59917,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = list(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[18,59919,59920,59938],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,59921,59922,59924,59926,59928,59930,59932,59934,59936],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,59923,36151],{"class":902},[55,59925,906],{"class":703},[55,59927,22612],{"class":69},[55,59929,66],{"class":65},[55,59931,126],{"class":109},[55,59933,41625],{"class":129},[55,59935,126],{"class":109},[55,59937,322],{"class":65},[55,59939,59940,59942,59944,59946],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,59941,62],{"class":61},[55,59943,66],{"class":65},[55,59945,36204],{"class":318},[55,59947,322],{"class":65},[14,59949,59950],{},[435,59951,281],{},[46,59953,59954],{"className":48,"code":42941,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,59955,59956],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,59957,59958,59960,59962,59964,59966,59968,59970,59972,59974,59976,59978,59980,59982],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,59959,4186],{"class":65},[55,59961,1923],{"class":109},[55,59963,294],{"class":129},[55,59965,1923],{"class":109},[55,59967,163],{"class":65},[55,59969,1918],{"class":109},[55,59971,5046],{"class":129},[55,59973,1923],{"class":109},[55,59975,163],{"class":65},[55,59977,1918],{"class":109},[55,59979,9777],{"class":129},[55,59981,1923],{"class":109},[55,59983,924],{"class":65},[889,59985,59987],{"id":59986},"example-convert-a-tuple","Example: convert a tuple",[46,59989,59991],{"className":48,"code":59990,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,59992,59993,60015],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,59994,59995,59997,59999,60001,60003,60005,60007,60009,60011,60013],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,59996,1168],{"class":902},[55,59998,906],{"class":703},[55,60000,22612],{"class":69},[55,60002,760],{"class":65},[55,60004,93],{"class":75},[55,60006,163],{"class":65},[55,60008,166],{"class":75},[55,60010,163],{"class":65},[55,60012,171],{"class":75},[55,60014,79],{"class":65},[55,60016,60017,60019,60021,60023],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,60018,62],{"class":61},[55,60020,66],{"class":65},[55,60022,332],{"class":318},[55,60024,322],{"class":65},[14,60026,60027],{},[435,60028,281],{},[46,60030,60031],{"className":48,"code":55220,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,60032,60033],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,60034,60035,60037,60039,60041,60043,60045,60047],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,60036,4186],{"class":65},[55,60038,93],{"class":75},[55,60040,163],{"class":65},[55,60042,166],{"class":75},[55,60044,163],{"class":65},[55,60046,171],{"class":75},[55,60048,924],{"class":65},[889,60050,60052],{"id":60051},"example-convert-a-range","Example: convert a range",[46,60054,60056],{"className":48,"code":60055,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = list(range(5))\nprint(values)\n",[18,60057,60058,60077],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,60059,60060,60062,60064,60066,60068,60071,60073,60075],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,60061,4110],{"class":902},[55,60063,906],{"class":703},[55,60065,22612],{"class":69},[55,60067,66],{"class":65},[55,60069,60070],{"class":61},"range",[55,60072,66],{"class":65},[55,60074,688],{"class":75},[55,60076,79],{"class":65},[55,60078,60079,60081,60083,60085],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,60080,62],{"class":61},[55,60082,66],{"class":65},[55,60084,5642],{"class":318},[55,60086,322],{"class":65},[14,60088,60089],{},[435,60090,281],{},[46,60092,60094],{"className":48,"code":60093,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,60095,60096],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,60097,60098,60100,60102,60104,60106,60108,60110,60112,60114,60116,60118],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,60099,4186],{"class":65},[55,60101,76],{"class":75},[55,60103,163],{"class":65},[55,60105,5782],{"class":75},[55,60107,163],{"class":65},[55,60109,166],{"class":75},[55,60111,163],{"class":65},[55,60113,171],{"class":75},[55,60115,163],{"class":65},[55,60117,2759],{"class":75},[55,60119,924],{"class":65},[14,60121,60122,60124,60125,29],{},[18,60123,24834],{}," is useful when you already have another iterable and want a list version of it. For more detail, see ",[294,60126,60128,60130],{"href":60127},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained\u002F",[18,60129,24834],{},": Function Explained",[41,60132,60134],{"id":60133},"lists-can-store-many-kinds-of-values","Lists can store many kinds of values",[14,60136,60137],{},"A list can store many types of data.",[14,60139,60140],{},"Examples include:",[240,60142,60143,60145,60147,60149,60151],{},[243,60144,335],{},[243,60146,40488],{},[243,60148,52115],{},[243,60150,40658],{},[243,60152,60153],{},"other lists",[46,60155,60157],{"className":48,"code":60156,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = [\"Ana\", 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n\nprint(data)\n",[18,60158,60159,60197,60201],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,60160,60161,60163,60165,60167,60169,60171,60173,60175,60177,60179,60181,60183,60185,60187,60189,60191,60193,60195],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,60162,9202],{"class":902},[55,60164,906],{"class":703},[55,60166,909],{"class":65},[55,60168,126],{"class":109},[55,60170,12925],{"class":129},[55,60172,126],{"class":109},[55,60174,163],{"class":65},[55,60176,9343],{"class":75},[55,60178,163],{"class":65},[55,60180,4202],{"class":187},[55,60182,163],{"class":65},[55,60184,909],{"class":65},[55,60186,93],{"class":75},[55,60188,163],{"class":65},[55,60190,166],{"class":75},[55,60192,163],{"class":65},[55,60194,171],{"class":75},[55,60196,53312],{"class":65},[55,60198,60199],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,60200,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,60202,60203,60205,60207,60209],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,60204,62],{"class":61},[55,60206,66],{"class":65},[55,60208,9241],{"class":318},[55,60210,322],{"class":65},[14,60212,60213],{},[435,60214,281],{},[46,60216,60218],{"className":48,"code":60217,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['Ana', 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[18,60219,60220],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,60221,60222,60224,60226,60228,60230,60232,60234,60236,60238,60240,60242,60244,60246,60248,60250,60252],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,60223,4186],{"class":65},[55,60225,1923],{"class":109},[55,60227,12925],{"class":129},[55,60229,1923],{"class":109},[55,60231,163],{"class":65},[55,60233,9343],{"class":75},[55,60235,163],{"class":65},[55,60237,4202],{"class":187},[55,60239,163],{"class":65},[55,60241,909],{"class":65},[55,60243,93],{"class":75},[55,60245,163],{"class":65},[55,60247,166],{"class":75},[55,60249,163],{"class":65},[55,60251,171],{"class":75},[55,60253,53312],{"class":65},[14,60255,60256,60257,29],{},"The last item in this example is another list. This is called a ",[435,60258,60259],{},"nested list",[14,60261,60262],{},"Python allows mixed types in one list, but beginners should usually keep list data consistent when possible. That makes code easier to read and work with.",[41,60264,4803],{"id":4802},[14,60266,60267],{},"Here are some common problems when creating lists.",[889,60269,60271],{"id":60270},"forgetting-commas-between-items","Forgetting commas between items",[14,60273,60274],{},"This causes a syntax error.",[46,60276,60278],{"className":48,"code":60277,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"# Wrong\nnumbers = [1 2 3]\n",[18,60279,60280,60284],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,60281,60282],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,60283,4820],{"class":3956},[55,60285,60286,60288,60290,60292,60294,60296,60298],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,60287,1168],{"class":902},[55,60289,906],{"class":703},[55,60291,909],{"class":65},[55,60293,93],{"class":75},[55,60295,166],{"class":75},[55,60297,171],{"class":75},[55,60299,924],{"class":65},[14,60301,10847],{},[46,60303,60305],{"className":48,"code":60304,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n",[18,60306,60307],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,60308,60309,60311,60313,60315,60317,60319,60321,60323,60325],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,60310,1168],{"class":902},[55,60312,906],{"class":703},[55,60314,909],{"class":65},[55,60316,93],{"class":75},[55,60318,163],{"class":65},[55,60320,166],{"class":75},[55,60322,163],{"class":65},[55,60324,171],{"class":75},[55,60326,924],{"class":65},[889,60328,1556,60330,11132,60332],{"id":60329},"using-instead-of",[18,60331,466],{},[18,60333,461],{},[14,60335,60336],{},"Parentheses usually create a tuple, not a list.",[46,60338,60340],{"className":48,"code":60339,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_values = (1, 2, 3)\n\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[18,60341,60342,60363,60367],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,60343,60344,60347,60349,60351,60353,60355,60357,60359,60361],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,60345,60346],{"class":902},"my_values ",[55,60348,906],{"class":703},[55,60350,9273],{"class":65},[55,60352,93],{"class":75},[55,60354,163],{"class":65},[55,60356,166],{"class":75},[55,60358,163],{"class":65},[55,60360,171],{"class":75},[55,60362,322],{"class":65},[55,60364,60365],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,60366,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,60368,60369,60371,60373,60375,60377,60380],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,60370,62],{"class":61},[55,60372,66],{"class":65},[55,60374,1879],{"class":69},[55,60376,66],{"class":65},[55,60378,60379],{"class":318},"my_values",[55,60381,79],{"class":65},[14,60383,60384],{},[435,60385,281],{},[46,60387,60389],{"className":48,"code":60388,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[18,60390,60391],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,60392,60393,60395,60397,60399,60401,60403],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,60394,1911],{"class":703},[55,60396,1915],{"class":1914},[55,60398,1918],{"class":109},[55,60400,49021],{"class":129},[55,60402,1923],{"class":109},[55,60404,1926],{"class":703},[14,60406,60407],{},"If you want a list, use square brackets:",[46,60409,60411],{"className":48,"code":60410,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[18,60412,60413,60433],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,60414,60415,60417,60419,60421,60423,60425,60427,60429,60431],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,60416,60346],{"class":902},[55,60418,906],{"class":703},[55,60420,909],{"class":65},[55,60422,93],{"class":75},[55,60424,163],{"class":65},[55,60426,166],{"class":75},[55,60428,163],{"class":65},[55,60430,171],{"class":75},[55,60432,924],{"class":65},[55,60434,60435,60437,60439,60441,60443,60445],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,60436,62],{"class":61},[55,60438,66],{"class":65},[55,60440,1879],{"class":69},[55,60442,66],{"class":65},[55,60444,60379],{"class":318},[55,60446,79],{"class":65},[889,60448,1595,60450,60453],{"id":60449},"expecting-listhello-world-to-create-a-list-of-words",[18,60451,60452],{},"list(\"hello world\")"," to create a list of words",[14,60455,60456,60458],{},[18,60457,24834],{}," splits a string into individual characters, not words.",[46,60460,60462],{"className":48,"code":60461,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"result = list(\"hello world\")\nprint(result)\n",[18,60463,60464,60483],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,60465,60466,60468,60470,60472,60474,60476,60479,60481],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,60467,2534],{"class":902},[55,60469,906],{"class":703},[55,60471,22612],{"class":69},[55,60473,66],{"class":65},[55,60475,126],{"class":109},[55,60477,60478],{"class":129},"hello world",[55,60480,126],{"class":109},[55,60482,322],{"class":65},[55,60484,60485,60487,60489,60491],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,60486,62],{"class":61},[55,60488,66],{"class":65},[55,60490,2569],{"class":318},[55,60492,322],{"class":65},[14,60494,60495],{},[435,60496,281],{},[46,60498,60500],{"className":48,"code":60499,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[18,60501,60502],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,60503,60504,60506,60508,60511,60513,60515,60517,60520,60522,60524,60526,60529,60531,60533,60535,60537,60539,60541,60543,60546,60548,60550,60552,60554,60556,60558,60561,60563,60565,60567,60569,60571,60573,60575,60578,60580,60582,60584,60586,60588,60590,60592,60594,60596],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,60505,4186],{"class":65},[55,60507,1923],{"class":109},[55,60509,60510],{"class":129},"h",[55,60512,1923],{"class":109},[55,60514,163],{"class":65},[55,60516,1918],{"class":109},[55,60518,60519],{"class":129},"e",[55,60521,1923],{"class":109},[55,60523,163],{"class":65},[55,60525,1918],{"class":109},[55,60527,60528],{"class":129},"l",[55,60530,1923],{"class":109},[55,60532,163],{"class":65},[55,60534,1918],{"class":109},[55,60536,60528],{"class":129},[55,60538,1923],{"class":109},[55,60540,163],{"class":65},[55,60542,1918],{"class":109},[55,60544,60545],{"class":129},"o",[55,60547,1923],{"class":109},[55,60549,163],{"class":65},[55,60551,1918],{"class":109},[55,60553,1918],{"class":109},[55,60555,163],{"class":65},[55,60557,1918],{"class":109},[55,60559,60560],{"class":129},"w",[55,60562,1923],{"class":109},[55,60564,163],{"class":65},[55,60566,1918],{"class":109},[55,60568,60545],{"class":129},[55,60570,1923],{"class":109},[55,60572,163],{"class":65},[55,60574,1918],{"class":109},[55,60576,60577],{"class":129},"r",[55,60579,1923],{"class":109},[55,60581,163],{"class":65},[55,60583,1918],{"class":109},[55,60585,60528],{"class":129},[55,60587,1923],{"class":109},[55,60589,163],{"class":65},[55,60591,1918],{"class":109},[55,60593,18818],{"class":129},[55,60595,1923],{"class":109},[55,60597,924],{"class":65},[14,60599,60600,60601,60604],{},"If you want words, use ",[18,60602,60603],{},"split()"," instead:",[46,60606,60608],{"className":48,"code":60607,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = \"hello world\".split()\nprint(words)\n",[18,60609,60610,60628],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,60611,60612,60614,60616,60618,60620,60622,60624,60626],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,60613,4355],{"class":902},[55,60615,906],{"class":703},[55,60617,793],{"class":109},[55,60619,60478],{"class":129},[55,60621,126],{"class":109},[55,60623,29],{"class":65},[55,60625,34527],{"class":318},[55,60627,1789],{"class":65},[55,60629,60630,60632,60634,60636],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,60631,62],{"class":61},[55,60633,66],{"class":65},[55,60635,4399],{"class":318},[55,60637,322],{"class":65},[14,60639,60640],{},[435,60641,281],{},[46,60643,60645],{"className":48,"code":60644,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['hello', 'world']\n",[18,60646,60647],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,60648,60649,60651,60653,60655,60657,60659,60661,60664,60666],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,60650,4186],{"class":65},[55,60652,1923],{"class":109},[55,60654,130],{"class":129},[55,60656,1923],{"class":109},[55,60658,163],{"class":65},[55,60660,1918],{"class":109},[55,60662,60663],{"class":129},"world",[55,60665,1923],{"class":109},[55,60667,924],{"class":65},[889,60669,60671],{"id":60670},"adding-mismatched-brackets-or-quotes","Adding mismatched brackets or quotes",[14,60673,60674],{},"This causes syntax errors.",[46,60676,60678],{"className":48,"code":60677,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"# Wrong\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben', \"Cara\"]\n",[18,60679,60680,60684],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,60681,60682],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,60683,4820],{"class":3956},[55,60685,60686,60688,60690,60692,60694,60696,60698,60700,60702,60705,60707,60709,60711],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,60687,5281],{"class":902},[55,60689,906],{"class":703},[55,60691,909],{"class":65},[55,60693,126],{"class":109},[55,60695,12925],{"class":129},[55,60697,126],{"class":109},[55,60699,163],{"class":65},[55,60701,793],{"class":109},[55,60703,60704],{"class":129},"Ben', ",[55,60706,126],{"class":109},[55,60708,36010],{"class":902},[55,60710,126],{"class":109},[55,60712,924],{"class":129},[14,60714,60715],{},"Make sure your quotes and brackets match correctly:",[46,60717,60719],{"className":48,"code":60718,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n",[18,60720,60721],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,60722,60723,60725,60727,60729,60731,60733,60735,60737,60739,60741,60743,60745,60747,60749,60751],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,60724,5281],{"class":902},[55,60726,906],{"class":703},[55,60728,909],{"class":65},[55,60730,126],{"class":109},[55,60732,12925],{"class":129},[55,60734,126],{"class":109},[55,60736,163],{"class":65},[55,60738,793],{"class":109},[55,60740,36001],{"class":129},[55,60742,126],{"class":109},[55,60744,163],{"class":65},[55,60746,793],{"class":109},[55,60748,36010],{"class":129},[55,60750,126],{"class":109},[55,60752,924],{"class":65},[889,60754,60756],{"id":60755},"common-causes-to-check","Common causes to check",[14,60758,60759],{},"If your list code is not working, check for these issues:",[240,60761,60762,60765,60768,60773],{},[243,60763,60764],{},"Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[243,60766,60767],{},"Leaving out commas between list items",[243,60769,60770,60771],{},"Passing a non-iterable value to ",[18,60772,24834],{},[243,60774,1595,60775,60778],{},[18,60776,60777],{},"list(\"abc\")"," to return one string item instead of separate characters",[889,60780,60782],{"id":60781},"useful-debugging-checks","Useful debugging checks",[46,60784,60786],{"className":48,"code":60785,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(list(range(5)))\n",[18,60787,60788,60798,60812,60826],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,60789,60790,60792,60794,60796],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,60791,62],{"class":61},[55,60793,66],{"class":65},[55,60795,1477],{"class":318},[55,60797,322],{"class":65},[55,60799,60800,60802,60804,60806,60808,60810],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,60801,62],{"class":61},[55,60803,66],{"class":65},[55,60805,1879],{"class":69},[55,60807,66],{"class":65},[55,60809,1477],{"class":318},[55,60811,79],{"class":65},[55,60813,60814,60816,60818,60820,60822,60824],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,60815,62],{"class":61},[55,60817,66],{"class":65},[55,60819,11202],{"class":61},[55,60821,66],{"class":65},[55,60823,1477],{"class":318},[55,60825,79],{"class":65},[55,60827,60828,60830,60832,60834,60836,60838,60840,60842],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,60829,62],{"class":61},[55,60831,66],{"class":65},[55,60833,1229],{"class":69},[55,60835,66],{"class":65},[55,60837,60070],{"class":61},[55,60839,66],{"class":65},[55,60841,688],{"class":75},[55,60843,769],{"class":65},[14,60845,26062],{},[240,60847,60848,60851,60854,60857],{},[243,60849,60850],{},"what the list contains",[243,60852,60853],{},"whether the value is really a list",[243,60855,60856],{},"how many items it has",[243,60858,26073,60859,60861,60862],{},[18,60860,24834],{}," does with ",[18,60863,36259],{},[41,60865,60867],{"id":60866},"when-to-use-this-page-vs-related-pages","When to use this page vs related pages",[14,60869,60870],{},"Use this page when you want to learn how to create a list.",[14,60872,60873],{},"Use related pages for the next step:",[240,60875,60876,60891,60896],{},[243,60877,212,60878,2493,60882,17121,60886,60890],{},[294,60879,60880],{"href":56839},[18,60881,52722],{},[294,60883,60884],{"href":53414},[18,60885,53516],{},[294,60887,60888],{"href":53978},[18,60889,54338],{}," to add items later",[243,60892,212,60893,60895],{},[294,60894,59467],{"href":51048}," for a broader introduction",[243,60897,212,60898,60902],{},[294,60899,60900,60130],{"href":60127},[18,60901,24834],{}," for more detail about converting values into lists",[41,60904,2139],{"id":2138},[889,60906,60908],{"id":60907},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-list-in-python","How do I create an empty list in Python?",[14,60910,60911],{},"Use empty square brackets:",[46,60913,60914],{"className":48,"code":38360,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,60915,60916],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,60917,60918],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,60919,38360],{"class":65},[889,60921,60923],{"id":60922},"what-is-the-most-common-way-to-create-a-list","What is the most common way to create a list?",[14,60925,60926],{},"Use square brackets with comma-separated items, such as:",[46,60928,60929],{"className":48,"code":55220,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,60930,60931],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,60932,60933,60935,60937,60939,60941,60943,60945],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,60934,4186],{"class":65},[55,60936,93],{"class":75},[55,60938,163],{"class":65},[55,60940,166],{"class":75},[55,60942,163],{"class":65},[55,60944,171],{"class":75},[55,60946,924],{"class":65},[889,60948,5429,60950,60952],{"id":60949},"what-does-list-do-in-python",[18,60951,24834],{}," do in Python?",[14,60954,60955,60956,60958],{},"It converts another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[18,60957,36259],{},", into a list.",[889,60960,60962],{"id":60961},"can-a-python-list-store-different-data-types","Can a Python list store different data types?",[14,60964,60965],{},"Yes. A list can store mixed types like strings, numbers, and booleans.",[889,60967,5466,60969,4679,60971,2794],{"id":60968},"what-is-the-difference-between-and",[18,60970,461],{},[18,60972,466],{},[14,60974,60975,60977,60978,60980],{},[18,60976,461],{}," creates a list. ",[18,60979,466],{}," usually creates a tuple.",[41,60982,2193],{"id":2192},[240,60984,60985,60989,60995,61001,61007,61013,61017],{},[243,60986,60987],{},[294,60988,59467],{"href":51048},[243,60990,60991],{},[294,60992,55590,60993,11363],{"href":56839},[18,60994,52722],{},[243,60996,60997],{},[294,60998,55590,60999,11363],{"href":53414},[18,61000,53516],{},[243,61002,61003],{},[294,61004,55590,61005,11363],{"href":53978},[18,61006,54338],{},[243,61008,61009],{},[294,61010,3871,61011,3875],{"href":60127},[18,61012,24834],{},[243,61014,61015],{},[294,61016,59470],{"href":58565},[243,61018,61019],{},[294,61020,61021],{"href":12108},"Mutability in Python Explained",[14,61023,61024,61025,61027],{},"Next step: learn how to add, access, and change list items using ",[18,61026,52722],{},", indexing, and slicing.",[2226,61029,61030],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":61032},[61033,61034,61035,61036,61039,61040,61046,61047,61057,61058,61067],{"id":43,"depth":82,"text":44},{"id":15209,"depth":82,"text":15210},{"id":59362,"depth":82,"text":59363},{"id":59473,"depth":82,"text":59474,"children":61037},[61038],{"id":59675,"depth":98,"text":59676},{"id":59691,"depth":82,"text":59692},{"id":59888,"depth":82,"text":61041,"children":61042},"Create a list with list()",[61043,61044,61045],{"id":59913,"depth":98,"text":59914},{"id":59986,"depth":98,"text":59987},{"id":60051,"depth":98,"text":60052},{"id":60133,"depth":82,"text":60134},{"id":4802,"depth":82,"text":4803,"children":61048},[61049,61050,61052,61054,61055,61056],{"id":60270,"depth":98,"text":60271},{"id":60329,"depth":98,"text":61051},"Using () instead of []",{"id":60449,"depth":98,"text":61053},"Expecting list(\"hello world\") to create a list of words",{"id":60670,"depth":98,"text":60671},{"id":60755,"depth":98,"text":60756},{"id":60781,"depth":98,"text":60782},{"id":60866,"depth":82,"text":60867},{"id":2138,"depth":82,"text":2139,"children":61059},[61060,61061,61062,61064,61065],{"id":60907,"depth":98,"text":60908},{"id":60922,"depth":98,"text":60923},{"id":60949,"depth":98,"text":61063},"What does list() do in Python?",{"id":60961,"depth":98,"text":60962},{"id":60968,"depth":98,"text":61066},"What is the difference between [] and ()?",{"id":2192,"depth":82,"text":2193},"Master python list creating a list in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list",{"title":59104,"description":61068},"reference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list","qsr8XW8AjVDmPmBKxRn9AxuodoiKbvD3OgKNyhirhog",{"id":61075,"title":61076,"body":61077,"description":62818,"extension":2267,"meta":62819,"navigation":1121,"path":62820,"seo":62821,"stem":62822,"__hash__":62823},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method.md","Python List extend() Method",{"type":7,"value":61078,"toc":62773},[61079,61084,61089,61092,61094,61165,61170,61175,61179,61193,61198,61200,61220,61225,61228,61251,61255,61260,61352,61354,61376,61382,61388,61395,61402,61408,61465,61471,61529,61531,61543,61551,61557,61562,61566,61623,61626,61630,61689,61692,61696,61754,61766,61770,61823,61826,61830,61836,61842,61904,61907,61968,61971,62027,62032,62034,62038,62045,62106,62111,62120,62176,62183,62187,62245,62254,62312,62316,62351,62355,62365,62368,62423,62437,62440,62555,62560,62564,62575,62577,62656,62666,62668,62673,62678,62685,62693,62699,62702,62708,62711,62717,62723,62725,62761,62770],[10,61080,54412,61082,11363],{"id":61081},"python-list-extend-method",[18,61083,53516],{},[14,61085,61086,61088],{},[18,61087,53417],{}," adds items from another iterable to the end of a list.",[14,61090,61091],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it updates the same list instead of creating a new one. This method is useful when you want to add multiple values at once.",[41,61093,2308],{"id":2307},[46,61095,61097],{"className":48,"code":61096,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2]\nmore_numbers = [3, 4]\n\nnumbers.extend(more_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,61098,61099,61115,61132,61136,61151,61161],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,61100,61101,61103,61105,61107,61109,61111,61113],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,61102,1168],{"class":902},[55,61104,906],{"class":703},[55,61106,909],{"class":65},[55,61108,93],{"class":75},[55,61110,163],{"class":65},[55,61112,166],{"class":75},[55,61114,924],{"class":65},[55,61116,61117,61120,61122,61124,61126,61128,61130],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,61118,61119],{"class":902},"more_numbers ",[55,61121,906],{"class":703},[55,61123,909],{"class":65},[55,61125,2366],{"class":75},[55,61127,163],{"class":65},[55,61129,2759],{"class":75},[55,61131,924],{"class":65},[55,61133,61134],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,61135,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,61137,61138,61140,61142,61144,61146,61149],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,61139,332],{"class":902},[55,61141,29],{"class":65},[55,61143,53546],{"class":318},[55,61145,66],{"class":65},[55,61147,61148],{"class":318},"more_numbers",[55,61150,322],{"class":65},[55,61152,61153,61155,61157,61159],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,61154,62],{"class":61},[55,61156,66],{"class":65},[55,61158,332],{"class":318},[55,61160,322],{"class":65},[55,61162,61163],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,61164,52793],{"class":3956},[14,61166,212,61167,61169],{},[18,61168,53516],{}," when you want to add each item from another iterable into the same list.",[41,61171,3970,61173,3973],{"id":61172},"what-listextend-does",[18,61174,53417],{},[14,61176,61177,790],{},[18,61178,53516],{},[240,61180,61181,61184,61186,61189],{},[243,61182,61183],{},"Adds items from another iterable to the end of a list",[243,61185,54498],{},[243,61187,61188],{},"Does not create a new list",[243,61190,11465,61191],{},[18,61192,481],{},[14,61194,61195,61196,53871],{},"This is an important point: ",[18,61197,53516],{},[41,61199,2460],{"id":2459},[46,61201,61203],{"className":48,"code":61202,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"list_name.extend(iterable)\n",[18,61204,61205],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,61206,61207,61210,61212,61214,61216,61218],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,61208,61209],{"class":902},"list_name",[55,61211,29],{"class":65},[55,61213,53546],{"class":318},[55,61215,66],{"class":65},[55,61217,4014],{"class":318},[55,61219,322],{"class":65},[14,61221,5736,61222,61224],{},[435,61223,4014],{},". An iterable is something Python can loop through one item at a time.",[14,61226,61227],{},"Common iterables include:",[240,61229,61230,61234,61238,61242,61247],{},[243,61231,61232],{},[18,61233,1229],{},[243,61235,61236],{},[18,61237,49021],{},[243,61239,61240],{},[18,61241,576],{},[243,61243,61244],{},[18,61245,61246],{},"string",[243,61248,61249],{},[18,61250,60070],{},[41,61252,61254],{"id":61253},"simple-example-with-another-list","Simple example with another list",[14,61256,61257,61258,790],{},"Here is the most common use of ",[18,61259,53516],{},[46,61261,61263],{"className":48,"code":61262,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nmore_fruits = [\"orange\", \"grape\"]\n\nfruits.extend(more_fruits)\n\nprint(fruits)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[18,61264,61265,61289,61314,61318,61333,61337,61347],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,61266,61267,61269,61271,61273,61275,61277,61279,61281,61283,61285,61287],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,61268,36300],{"class":902},[55,61270,906],{"class":703},[55,61272,909],{"class":65},[55,61274,126],{"class":109},[55,61276,4364],{"class":129},[55,61278,126],{"class":109},[55,61280,163],{"class":65},[55,61282,793],{"class":109},[55,61284,4373],{"class":129},[55,61286,126],{"class":109},[55,61288,924],{"class":65},[55,61290,61291,61294,61296,61298,61300,61302,61304,61306,61308,61310,61312],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,61292,61293],{"class":902},"more_fruits ",[55,61295,906],{"class":703},[55,61297,909],{"class":65},[55,61299,126],{"class":109},[55,61301,33278],{"class":129},[55,61303,126],{"class":109},[55,61305,163],{"class":65},[55,61307,793],{"class":109},[55,61309,22585],{"class":129},[55,61311,126],{"class":109},[55,61313,924],{"class":65},[55,61315,61316],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,61317,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,61319,61320,61322,61324,61326,61328,61331],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,61321,36352],{"class":902},[55,61323,29],{"class":65},[55,61325,53546],{"class":318},[55,61327,66],{"class":65},[55,61329,61330],{"class":318},"more_fruits",[55,61332,322],{"class":65},[55,61334,61335],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,61336,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,61338,61339,61341,61343,61345],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,61340,62],{"class":61},[55,61342,66],{"class":65},[55,61344,36352],{"class":318},[55,61346,322],{"class":65},[55,61348,61349],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,61350,61351],{"class":3956},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[14,61353,11726],{},[240,61355,61356,61361,61366],{},[243,61357,61358,61360],{},[18,61359,36352],{}," starts with two items",[243,61362,61363,61365],{},[18,61364,61330],{}," has two more items",[243,61367,61368,61370,61371,61373,61374],{},[18,61369,53516],{}," adds each item from ",[18,61372,61330],{}," to ",[18,61375,36352],{},[14,61377,61378,61379,61381],{},"After the method runs, ",[18,61380,36352],{}," contains all four items.",[14,61383,54637,61384,4679,61386,29],{},[294,61385,52841],{"href":51048},[294,61387,57225],{"href":57224},[41,61389,61391,10624,61393],{"id":61390},"extend-vs-append",[18,61392,53516],{},[18,61394,52722],{},[14,61396,61397,4679,61399,61401],{},[18,61398,53516],{},[18,61400,52722],{}," are often confused.",[889,61403,61405,61407],{"id":61404},"extend-adds-each-item-from-the-iterable",[18,61406,53516],{}," adds each item from the iterable",[46,61409,61411],{"className":48,"code":61410,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,61412,61413,61429,61447,61451,61461],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,61414,61415,61417,61419,61421,61423,61425,61427],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,61416,1168],{"class":902},[55,61418,906],{"class":703},[55,61420,909],{"class":65},[55,61422,93],{"class":75},[55,61424,163],{"class":65},[55,61426,166],{"class":75},[55,61428,924],{"class":65},[55,61430,61431,61433,61435,61437,61439,61441,61443,61445],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,61432,332],{"class":902},[55,61434,29],{"class":65},[55,61436,53546],{"class":318},[55,61438,158],{"class":65},[55,61440,2366],{"class":75},[55,61442,163],{"class":65},[55,61444,2759],{"class":75},[55,61446,4174],{"class":65},[55,61448,61449],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,61450,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,61452,61453,61455,61457,61459],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,61454,62],{"class":61},[55,61456,66],{"class":65},[55,61458,332],{"class":318},[55,61460,322],{"class":65},[55,61462,61463],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,61464,52793],{"class":3956},[889,61466,61468,61470],{"id":61467},"append-adds-the-whole-object-as-one-item",[18,61469,52722],{}," adds the whole object as one item",[46,61472,61474],{"className":48,"code":61473,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[18,61475,61476,61492,61510,61514,61524],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,61477,61478,61480,61482,61484,61486,61488,61490],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,61479,1168],{"class":902},[55,61481,906],{"class":703},[55,61483,909],{"class":65},[55,61485,93],{"class":75},[55,61487,163],{"class":65},[55,61489,166],{"class":75},[55,61491,924],{"class":65},[55,61493,61494,61496,61498,61500,61502,61504,61506,61508],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,61495,332],{"class":902},[55,61497,29],{"class":65},[55,61499,13599],{"class":318},[55,61501,158],{"class":65},[55,61503,2366],{"class":75},[55,61505,163],{"class":65},[55,61507,2759],{"class":75},[55,61509,4174],{"class":65},[55,61511,61512],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,61513,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,61515,61516,61518,61520,61522],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,61517,62],{"class":61},[55,61519,66],{"class":65},[55,61521,332],{"class":318},[55,61523,322],{"class":65},[55,61525,61526],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,61527,61528],{"class":3956},"# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[14,61530,18745],{},[240,61532,61533,61538],{},[243,61534,61535,61537],{},[18,61536,53516],{}," to combine values",[243,61539,61540,61542],{},[18,61541,52722],{}," to add one item",[14,61544,42158,61545,4679,61549,29],{},[294,61546,55590,61547,10780],{"href":56839},[18,61548,52722],{},[294,61550,53119],{"href":53118},[41,61552,1556,61554,61556],{"id":61553},"using-extend-with-different-iterables",[18,61555,53516],{}," with different iterables",[14,61558,61559,61561],{},[18,61560,53516],{}," works with more than just lists.",[889,61563,61565],{"id":61564},"extend-with-a-tuple","Extend with a tuple",[46,61567,61569],{"className":48,"code":61568,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = [1, 2]\nvalues.extend((3, 4))\n\nprint(values)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,61570,61571,61587,61605,61609,61619],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,61572,61573,61575,61577,61579,61581,61583,61585],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,61574,4110],{"class":902},[55,61576,906],{"class":703},[55,61578,909],{"class":65},[55,61580,93],{"class":75},[55,61582,163],{"class":65},[55,61584,166],{"class":75},[55,61586,924],{"class":65},[55,61588,61589,61591,61593,61595,61597,61599,61601,61603],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,61590,5642],{"class":902},[55,61592,29],{"class":65},[55,61594,53546],{"class":318},[55,61596,760],{"class":65},[55,61598,2366],{"class":75},[55,61600,163],{"class":65},[55,61602,2759],{"class":75},[55,61604,79],{"class":65},[55,61606,61607],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,61608,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,61610,61611,61613,61615,61617],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,61612,62],{"class":61},[55,61614,66],{"class":65},[55,61616,5642],{"class":318},[55,61618,322],{"class":65},[55,61620,61621],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,61622,52793],{"class":3956},[14,61624,61625],{},"Each tuple item is added to the list.",[889,61627,61629],{"id":61628},"extend-with-a-string","Extend with a string",[46,61631,61633],{"className":48,"code":61632,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = [\"a\"]\nletters.extend(\"bc\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[18,61634,61635,61651,61670,61674,61684],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,61636,61637,61639,61641,61643,61645,61647,61649],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,61638,36151],{"class":902},[55,61640,906],{"class":703},[55,61642,909],{"class":65},[55,61644,126],{"class":109},[55,61646,294],{"class":129},[55,61648,126],{"class":109},[55,61650,924],{"class":65},[55,61652,61653,61655,61657,61659,61661,61663,61666,61668],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,61654,36204],{"class":902},[55,61656,29],{"class":65},[55,61658,53546],{"class":318},[55,61660,66],{"class":65},[55,61662,126],{"class":109},[55,61664,61665],{"class":129},"bc",[55,61667,126],{"class":109},[55,61669,322],{"class":65},[55,61671,61672],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,61673,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,61675,61676,61678,61680,61682],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,61677,62],{"class":61},[55,61679,66],{"class":65},[55,61681,36204],{"class":318},[55,61683,322],{"class":65},[55,61685,61686],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,61687,61688],{"class":3956},"# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[14,61690,61691],{},"A string is iterable, so each character is added separately.",[889,61693,61695],{"id":61694},"extend-with-a-range","Extend with a range",[46,61697,61699],{"className":48,"code":61698,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [0]\nnumbers.extend(range(1, 4))\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[18,61700,61701,61713,61735,61739,61749],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,61702,61703,61705,61707,61709,61711],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,61704,1168],{"class":902},[55,61706,906],{"class":703},[55,61708,909],{"class":65},[55,61710,76],{"class":75},[55,61712,924],{"class":65},[55,61714,61715,61717,61719,61721,61723,61725,61727,61729,61731,61733],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,61716,332],{"class":902},[55,61718,29],{"class":65},[55,61720,53546],{"class":318},[55,61722,66],{"class":65},[55,61724,60070],{"class":61},[55,61726,66],{"class":65},[55,61728,93],{"class":75},[55,61730,163],{"class":65},[55,61732,2759],{"class":75},[55,61734,79],{"class":65},[55,61736,61737],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,61738,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,61740,61741,61743,61745,61747],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,61742,62],{"class":61},[55,61744,66],{"class":65},[55,61746,332],{"class":318},[55,61748,322],{"class":65},[55,61750,61751],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,61752,61753],{"class":3956},"# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[14,61755,61756,61759,61760,2493,61762,17121,61764,29],{},[18,61757,61758],{},"range(1, 4)"," produces ",[18,61761,93],{},[18,61763,707],{},[18,61765,2366],{},[889,61767,61769],{"id":61768},"extend-with-a-set","Extend with a set",[46,61771,61773],{"className":48,"code":61772,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [1, 2]\nitems.extend({3, 4})\n\nprint(items)\n",[18,61774,61775,61791,61809,61813],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,61776,61777,61779,61781,61783,61785,61787,61789],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,61778,903],{"class":902},[55,61780,906],{"class":703},[55,61782,909],{"class":65},[55,61784,93],{"class":75},[55,61786,163],{"class":65},[55,61788,166],{"class":75},[55,61790,924],{"class":65},[55,61792,61793,61795,61797,61799,61801,61803,61805,61807],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,61794,937],{"class":902},[55,61796,29],{"class":65},[55,61798,53546],{"class":318},[55,61800,780],{"class":65},[55,61802,2366],{"class":75},[55,61804,163],{"class":65},[55,61806,2759],{"class":75},[55,61808,30552],{"class":65},[55,61810,61811],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,61812,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,61814,61815,61817,61819,61821],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,61816,62],{"class":61},[55,61818,66],{"class":65},[55,61820,937],{"class":318},[55,61822,322],{"class":65},[14,61824,61825],{},"A set works too, but the order may not be predictable.",[41,61827,61829],{"id":61828},"important-return-value-rule","Important return value rule",[14,61831,61832,1265,61834,29],{},[18,61833,53516],{},[18,61835,481],{},[14,61837,61838,61839,790],{},"That means this is ",[435,61840,61841],{},"wrong",[46,61843,61845],{"className":48,"code":61844,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2]\nresult = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[18,61846,61847,61863,61885,61889,61899],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,61848,61849,61851,61853,61855,61857,61859,61861],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,61850,1168],{"class":902},[55,61852,906],{"class":703},[55,61854,909],{"class":65},[55,61856,93],{"class":75},[55,61858,163],{"class":65},[55,61860,166],{"class":75},[55,61862,924],{"class":65},[55,61864,61865,61867,61869,61871,61873,61875,61877,61879,61881,61883],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,61866,2534],{"class":902},[55,61868,906],{"class":703},[55,61870,1196],{"class":902},[55,61872,29],{"class":65},[55,61874,53546],{"class":318},[55,61876,158],{"class":65},[55,61878,2366],{"class":75},[55,61880,163],{"class":65},[55,61882,2759],{"class":75},[55,61884,4174],{"class":65},[55,61886,61887],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,61888,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,61890,61891,61893,61895,61897],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,61892,62],{"class":61},[55,61894,66],{"class":65},[55,61896,2569],{"class":318},[55,61898,322],{"class":65},[55,61900,61901],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,61902,61903],{"class":3956},"# None\n",[14,61905,61906],{},"And this is also a common mistake:",[46,61908,61910],{"className":48,"code":61909,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# None\n",[18,61911,61912,61928,61950,61954,61964],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,61913,61914,61916,61918,61920,61922,61924,61926],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,61915,1168],{"class":902},[55,61917,906],{"class":703},[55,61919,909],{"class":65},[55,61921,93],{"class":75},[55,61923,163],{"class":65},[55,61925,166],{"class":75},[55,61927,924],{"class":65},[55,61929,61930,61932,61934,61936,61938,61940,61942,61944,61946,61948],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,61931,1168],{"class":902},[55,61933,906],{"class":703},[55,61935,1196],{"class":902},[55,61937,29],{"class":65},[55,61939,53546],{"class":318},[55,61941,158],{"class":65},[55,61943,2366],{"class":75},[55,61945,163],{"class":65},[55,61947,2759],{"class":75},[55,61949,4174],{"class":65},[55,61951,61952],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,61953,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,61955,61956,61958,61960,61962],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,61957,62],{"class":61},[55,61959,66],{"class":65},[55,61961,332],{"class":318},[55,61963,322],{"class":65},[55,61965,61966],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,61967,61903],{"class":3956},[14,61969,61970],{},"The correct way is:",[46,61972,61973],{"className":48,"code":61410,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,61974,61975,61991,62009,62013,62023],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,61976,61977,61979,61981,61983,61985,61987,61989],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,61978,1168],{"class":902},[55,61980,906],{"class":703},[55,61982,909],{"class":65},[55,61984,93],{"class":75},[55,61986,163],{"class":65},[55,61988,166],{"class":75},[55,61990,924],{"class":65},[55,61992,61993,61995,61997,61999,62001,62003,62005,62007],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,61994,332],{"class":902},[55,61996,29],{"class":65},[55,61998,53546],{"class":318},[55,62000,158],{"class":65},[55,62002,2366],{"class":75},[55,62004,163],{"class":65},[55,62006,2759],{"class":75},[55,62008,4174],{"class":65},[55,62010,62011],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,62012,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,62014,62015,62017,62019,62021],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,62016,62],{"class":61},[55,62018,66],{"class":65},[55,62020,332],{"class":318},[55,62022,322],{"class":65},[55,62024,62025],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,62026,52793],{"class":3956},[14,62028,55979,62029,62031],{},[18,62030,53516],{}," first, then use the original list.",[41,62033,4803],{"id":4802},[14,62035,14780,62036,29],{},[18,62037,53516],{},[889,62039,62041,62042,62044],{"id":62040},"_1-expecting-extend-to-return-a-new-list","1. Expecting ",[18,62043,53516],{}," to return a new list",[46,62046,62048],{"className":48,"code":62047,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnew_numbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n# None\n",[18,62049,62050,62066,62088,62092,62102],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,62051,62052,62054,62056,62058,62060,62062,62064],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,62053,1168],{"class":902},[55,62055,906],{"class":703},[55,62057,909],{"class":65},[55,62059,93],{"class":75},[55,62061,163],{"class":65},[55,62063,166],{"class":75},[55,62065,924],{"class":65},[55,62067,62068,62070,62072,62074,62076,62078,62080,62082,62084,62086],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,62069,55712],{"class":902},[55,62071,906],{"class":703},[55,62073,1196],{"class":902},[55,62075,29],{"class":65},[55,62077,53546],{"class":318},[55,62079,158],{"class":65},[55,62081,2366],{"class":75},[55,62083,163],{"class":65},[55,62085,2759],{"class":75},[55,62087,4174],{"class":65},[55,62089,62090],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,62091,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,62093,62094,62096,62098,62100],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,62095,62],{"class":61},[55,62097,66],{"class":65},[55,62099,55731],{"class":318},[55,62101,322],{"class":65},[55,62103,62104],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,62105,61903],{"class":3956},[14,62107,62108,62109,29],{},"Fix: use the original list after calling ",[18,62110,53516],{},[889,62112,62114,62115,44696,62117,62119],{"id":62113},"_2-using-append-when-extend-is-needed","2. Using ",[18,62116,52722],{},[18,62118,53516],{}," is needed",[46,62121,62122],{"className":48,"code":61473,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,62123,62124,62140,62158,62162,62172],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,62125,62126,62128,62130,62132,62134,62136,62138],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,62127,1168],{"class":902},[55,62129,906],{"class":703},[55,62131,909],{"class":65},[55,62133,93],{"class":75},[55,62135,163],{"class":65},[55,62137,166],{"class":75},[55,62139,924],{"class":65},[55,62141,62142,62144,62146,62148,62150,62152,62154,62156],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,62143,332],{"class":902},[55,62145,29],{"class":65},[55,62147,13599],{"class":318},[55,62149,158],{"class":65},[55,62151,2366],{"class":75},[55,62153,163],{"class":65},[55,62155,2759],{"class":75},[55,62157,4174],{"class":65},[55,62159,62160],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,62161,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,62163,62164,62166,62168,62170],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,62165,62],{"class":61},[55,62167,66],{"class":65},[55,62169,332],{"class":318},[55,62171,322],{"class":65},[55,62173,62174],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,62175,61528],{"class":3956},[14,62177,62178,62179,53961,62181,6906],{},"If you wanted ",[18,62180,53960],{},[18,62182,53516],{},[889,62184,62186],{"id":62185},"_3-passing-a-string-and-being-surprised-by-separate-characters","3. Passing a string and being surprised by separate characters",[46,62188,62190],{"className":48,"code":62189,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.extend(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[18,62191,62192,62208,62226,62230,62240],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,62193,62194,62196,62198,62200,62202,62204,62206],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,62195,4355],{"class":902},[55,62197,906],{"class":703},[55,62199,909],{"class":65},[55,62201,126],{"class":109},[55,62203,130],{"class":129},[55,62205,126],{"class":109},[55,62207,924],{"class":65},[55,62209,62210,62212,62214,62216,62218,62220,62222,62224],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,62211,4399],{"class":902},[55,62213,29],{"class":65},[55,62215,53546],{"class":318},[55,62217,66],{"class":65},[55,62219,126],{"class":109},[55,62221,60663],{"class":129},[55,62223,126],{"class":109},[55,62225,322],{"class":65},[55,62227,62228],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,62229,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,62231,62232,62234,62236,62238],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,62233,62],{"class":61},[55,62235,66],{"class":65},[55,62237,4399],{"class":318},[55,62239,322],{"class":65},[55,62241,62242],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,62243,62244],{"class":3956},"# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[14,62246,62247,62248,62251,62252,790],{},"If you want ",[18,62249,62250],{},"\"world\""," as one item, use ",[18,62253,52722],{},[46,62255,62257],{"className":48,"code":62256,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.append(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'world']\n",[18,62258,62259,62275,62293,62297,62307],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,62260,62261,62263,62265,62267,62269,62271,62273],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,62262,4355],{"class":902},[55,62264,906],{"class":703},[55,62266,909],{"class":65},[55,62268,126],{"class":109},[55,62270,130],{"class":129},[55,62272,126],{"class":109},[55,62274,924],{"class":65},[55,62276,62277,62279,62281,62283,62285,62287,62289,62291],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,62278,4399],{"class":902},[55,62280,29],{"class":65},[55,62282,13599],{"class":318},[55,62284,66],{"class":65},[55,62286,126],{"class":109},[55,62288,60663],{"class":129},[55,62290,126],{"class":109},[55,62292,322],{"class":65},[55,62294,62295],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,62296,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,62298,62299,62301,62303,62305],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,62300,62],{"class":61},[55,62302,66],{"class":65},[55,62304,4399],{"class":318},[55,62306,322],{"class":65},[55,62308,62309],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,62310,62311],{"class":3956},"# ['hello', 'world']\n",[889,62313,62315],{"id":62314},"_4-trying-to-extend-with-a-non-iterable-like-an-integer","4. Trying to extend with a non-iterable like an integer",[46,62317,62319],{"className":48,"code":62318,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend(5)\n",[18,62320,62321,62337],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,62322,62323,62325,62327,62329,62331,62333,62335],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,62324,1168],{"class":902},[55,62326,906],{"class":703},[55,62328,909],{"class":65},[55,62330,93],{"class":75},[55,62332,163],{"class":65},[55,62334,166],{"class":75},[55,62336,924],{"class":65},[55,62338,62339,62341,62343,62345,62347,62349],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,62340,332],{"class":902},[55,62342,29],{"class":65},[55,62344,53546],{"class":318},[55,62346,66],{"class":65},[55,62348,688],{"class":75},[55,62350,322],{"class":65},[14,62352,39717,62353,6826],{},[18,62354,688],{},[14,62356,62357,62358,62360,62361,62364],{},"You will get a ",[18,62359,3303],{},". See ",[294,62362,62363],{"href":52669},"TypeError: int object is not iterable"," for help fixing that error.",[14,62366,62367],{},"Useful checks while debugging:",[46,62369,62371],{"className":48,"code":62370,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result))\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[18,62372,62373,62383,62397,62409],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,62374,62375,62377,62379,62381],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,62376,62],{"class":61},[55,62378,66],{"class":65},[55,62380,1477],{"class":318},[55,62382,322],{"class":65},[55,62384,62385,62387,62389,62391,62393,62395],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,62386,62],{"class":61},[55,62388,66],{"class":65},[55,62390,1879],{"class":69},[55,62392,66],{"class":65},[55,62394,5642],{"class":318},[55,62396,79],{"class":65},[55,62398,62399,62401,62403,62405,62407],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,62400,62],{"class":61},[55,62402,66],{"class":65},[55,62404,2569],{"class":318},[55,62406,3953],{"class":65},[55,62408,322],{"class":902},[55,62410,62411,62413,62415,62417,62419,62421],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,62412,32209],{"class":61},[55,62414,66],{"class":65},[55,62416,1229],{"class":69},[55,62418,29],{"class":65},[55,62420,53546],{"class":24803},[55,62422,322],{"class":65},[43646,62424,62425],{},[14,62426,62427,62428,62431,62432,62434,62435,29],{},"Note: ",[18,62429,62430],{},"print(result))"," has an extra ",[18,62433,3953],{}," and would cause a syntax error. The correct version is ",[18,62436,33084],{},[14,62438,62439],{},"Correct debugging example:",[46,62441,62443],{"className":48,"code":62442,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_list = [1, 2]\nvalues = [3, 4]\n\nmy_list.extend(values)\n\nresult = None\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result)\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[18,62444,62445,62461,62477,62481,62495,62499,62507,62517,62531,62541],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,62446,62447,62449,62451,62453,62455,62457,62459],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,62448,1446],{"class":902},[55,62450,906],{"class":703},[55,62452,909],{"class":65},[55,62454,93],{"class":75},[55,62456,163],{"class":65},[55,62458,166],{"class":75},[55,62460,924],{"class":65},[55,62462,62463,62465,62467,62469,62471,62473,62475],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,62464,4110],{"class":902},[55,62466,906],{"class":703},[55,62468,909],{"class":65},[55,62470,2366],{"class":75},[55,62472,163],{"class":65},[55,62474,2759],{"class":75},[55,62476,924],{"class":65},[55,62478,62479],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,62480,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,62482,62483,62485,62487,62489,62491,62493],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,62484,1477],{"class":902},[55,62486,29],{"class":65},[55,62488,53546],{"class":318},[55,62490,66],{"class":65},[55,62492,5642],{"class":318},[55,62494,322],{"class":65},[55,62496,62497],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,62498,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,62500,62501,62503,62505],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,62502,2534],{"class":902},[55,62504,906],{"class":703},[55,62506,48595],{"class":187},[55,62508,62509,62511,62513,62515],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,62510,62],{"class":61},[55,62512,66],{"class":65},[55,62514,1477],{"class":318},[55,62516,322],{"class":65},[55,62518,62519,62521,62523,62525,62527,62529],{"class":57,"line":582},[55,62520,62],{"class":61},[55,62522,66],{"class":65},[55,62524,1879],{"class":69},[55,62526,66],{"class":65},[55,62528,5642],{"class":318},[55,62530,79],{"class":65},[55,62532,62533,62535,62537,62539],{"class":57,"line":6706},[55,62534,62],{"class":61},[55,62536,66],{"class":65},[55,62538,2569],{"class":318},[55,62540,322],{"class":65},[55,62542,62543,62545,62547,62549,62551,62553],{"class":57,"line":6711},[55,62544,32209],{"class":61},[55,62546,66],{"class":65},[55,62548,1229],{"class":69},[55,62550,29],{"class":65},[55,62552,53546],{"class":24803},[55,62554,322],{"class":65},[41,62556,5247,62558],{"id":62557},"when-to-use-extend",[18,62559,53516],{},[14,62561,212,62562,6594],{},[18,62563,53516],{},[240,62565,62566,62569,62572],{},[243,62567,62568],{},"Merge two lists into one existing list",[243,62570,62571],{},"Add multiple values at once",[243,62573,62574],{},"Build a list step by step without creating a new list",[14,62576,5756],{},[46,62578,62580],{"className":48,"code":62579,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"all_scores = [90, 85]\nnew_scores = [88, 92]\n\nall_scores.extend(new_scores)\n\nprint(all_scores)\n# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[18,62581,62582,62599,62617,62621,62637,62641,62651],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,62583,62584,62587,62589,62591,62593,62595,62597],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,62585,62586],{"class":902},"all_scores ",[55,62588,906],{"class":703},[55,62590,909],{"class":65},[55,62592,13548],{"class":75},[55,62594,163],{"class":65},[55,62596,13553],{"class":75},[55,62598,924],{"class":65},[55,62600,62601,62604,62606,62608,62610,62612,62615],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,62602,62603],{"class":902},"new_scores ",[55,62605,906],{"class":703},[55,62607,909],{"class":65},[55,62609,51574],{"class":75},[55,62611,163],{"class":65},[55,62613,62614],{"class":75}," 92",[55,62616,924],{"class":65},[55,62618,62619],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,62620,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,62622,62623,62626,62628,62630,62632,62635],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,62624,62625],{"class":902},"all_scores",[55,62627,29],{"class":65},[55,62629,53546],{"class":318},[55,62631,66],{"class":65},[55,62633,62634],{"class":318},"new_scores",[55,62636,322],{"class":65},[55,62638,62639],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,62640,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,62642,62643,62645,62647,62649],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,62644,62],{"class":61},[55,62646,66],{"class":65},[55,62648,62625],{"class":318},[55,62650,322],{"class":65},[55,62652,62653],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,62654,62655],{"class":3956},"# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[14,62657,62658,62659,62661,62662,29],{},"If you need to add just one value, ",[18,62660,52722],{}," is usually better. If you need to add an item at a specific position, see ",[294,62663,55590,62664,10780],{"href":53978},[18,62665,54338],{},[41,62667,2139],{"id":2138},[889,62669,12748,62671,55539],{"id":62670},"does-listextend-return-a-new-list",[18,62672,53417],{},[14,62674,62675,62676,29],{},"No. It changes the original list and returns ",[18,62677,481],{},[889,62679,5466,62681,4679,62683,2794],{"id":62680},"what-is-the-difference-between-extend-and-append",[18,62682,53516],{},[18,62684,52722],{},[14,62686,62687,62689,62690,62692],{},[18,62688,53516],{}," adds each item from an iterable. ",[18,62691,52722],{}," adds one item as a single element.",[889,62694,28383,62696,62698],{"id":62695},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-string",[18,62697,53516],{}," with a string?",[14,62700,62701],{},"Yes, but each character is added separately.",[889,62703,28383,62705,62707],{"id":62704},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-tuple",[18,62706,53516],{}," with a tuple?",[14,62709,62710],{},"Yes. Each tuple item is added to the list.",[889,62712,62714,62715,2794],{"id":62713},"what-happens-if-i-pass-an-integer-to-extend","What happens if I pass an integer to ",[18,62716,53516],{},[14,62718,62719,62720,62722],{},"You get a ",[18,62721,3303],{}," because an integer is not iterable.",[41,62724,2193],{"id":2192},[240,62726,62727,62733,62737,62741,62745,62751,62755],{},[243,62728,62729],{},[294,62730,55590,62731,10780],{"href":56839},[18,62732,52722],{},[243,62734,62735],{},[294,62736,54348],{"href":53118},[243,62738,62739],{},[294,62740,57299],{"href":57224},[243,62742,62743],{},[294,62744,52841],{"href":51048},[243,62746,62747],{},[294,62748,55590,62749,10780],{"href":53978},[18,62750,54338],{},[243,62752,62753],{},[294,62754,62363],{"href":52669},[243,62756,62757],{},[294,62758,55590,62759,10780],{"href":55030},[18,62760,12821],{},[14,62762,62763,62764,62766,62767,62769],{},"If you are choosing between list methods, the next useful step is learning when to use ",[18,62765,52722],{},", when to use ",[18,62768,54338],{},", and when it makes more sense to create a new merged list instead of changing the original one.",[2226,62771,62772],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":62774},[62775,62776,62778,62779,62780,62787,62794,62795,62803,62805,62817],{"id":2307,"depth":82,"text":2308},{"id":61172,"depth":82,"text":62777},"What list.extend() does",{"id":2459,"depth":82,"text":2460},{"id":61253,"depth":82,"text":61254},{"id":61390,"depth":82,"text":62781,"children":62782},"extend() vs append()",[62783,62785],{"id":61404,"depth":98,"text":62784},"extend() adds each item from the iterable",{"id":61467,"depth":98,"text":62786},"append() adds the whole object as one item",{"id":61553,"depth":82,"text":62788,"children":62789},"Using extend() with different iterables",[62790,62791,62792,62793],{"id":61564,"depth":98,"text":61565},{"id":61628,"depth":98,"text":61629},{"id":61694,"depth":98,"text":61695},{"id":61768,"depth":98,"text":61769},{"id":61828,"depth":82,"text":61829},{"id":4802,"depth":82,"text":4803,"children":62796},[62797,62799,62801,62802],{"id":62040,"depth":98,"text":62798},"1. Expecting extend() to return a new list",{"id":62113,"depth":98,"text":62800},"2. Using append() when extend() is needed",{"id":62185,"depth":98,"text":62186},{"id":62314,"depth":98,"text":62315},{"id":62557,"depth":82,"text":62804},"When to use extend()",{"id":2138,"depth":82,"text":2139,"children":62806},[62807,62809,62811,62813,62815],{"id":62670,"depth":98,"text":62808},"Does list.extend() return a new list?",{"id":62680,"depth":98,"text":62810},"What is the difference between extend() and append()?",{"id":62695,"depth":98,"text":62812},"Can I use extend() with a string?",{"id":62704,"depth":98,"text":62814},"Can I use extend() with a tuple?",{"id":62713,"depth":98,"text":62816},"What happens if I pass an integer to extend()?",{"id":2192,"depth":82,"text":2193},"Master python list extend method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method",{"title":61076,"description":62818},"reference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method","90pZbU2UqZE69xhKpX2Np0iIiKNAPWOtF52krfvnbak",{"id":62825,"title":62826,"body":62827,"description":64918,"extension":2267,"meta":64919,"navigation":1121,"path":64920,"seo":64921,"stem":64922,"__hash__":64923},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained.md","Python list() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":62828,"toc":64881},[62829,62832,62837,62843,62854,62860,62862,62931,62933,62982,62990,62994,62999,63002,63013,63018,63020,63022,63043,63056,63059,63072,63074,63079,63104,63106,63114,63117,63186,63188,63212,63218,63222,63226,63262,63264,63284,63291,63295,63328,63330,63364,63369,63373,63406,63408,63436,63444,63448,63485,63487,63508,63511,63515,63584,63586,63610,63616,63623,63627,63630,63632,63646,63649,63673,63675,63700,63703,63722,63724,63750,63759,63763,63770,63847,63849,63890,63896,63902,63993,63995,64051,64054,64059,64063,64068,64072,64131,64133,64158,64162,64225,64227,64252,64256,64319,64321,64364,64367,64371,64375,64397,64401,64483,64485,64520,64528,64530,64534,64538,64540,64567,64572,64574,64601,64608,64611,64634,64636,64685,64688,64691,64710,64714,64717,64768,64771,64777,64781,64786,64789,64791,64797,64806,64810,64816,64820,64823,64827,64830,64834,64840,64842,64878],[10,62830,62826],{"id":62831},"python-list-function-explained",[14,62833,9159,62834,62836],{},[18,62835,24834],{}," function creates a new list.",[14,62838,62839,62840,62842],{},"Beginners usually use ",[18,62841,24834],{}," for two main reasons:",[240,62844,62845,62848],{},[243,62846,62847],{},"to make an empty list",[243,62849,62850,62851,62853],{},"to convert another iterable, such as a tuple, string, ",[18,62852,60070],{},", set, or dictionary, into a list",[14,62855,62856,62857,62859],{},"This page explains how ",[18,62858,24834],{}," works, what it returns, and when you should use it.",[41,62861,2308],{"id":2307},[46,62863,62865],{"className":48,"code":62864,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(letters)\n",[18,62866,62867,62889,62907,62911,62921],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,62868,62869,62871,62873,62875,62877,62879,62881,62883,62885,62887],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,62870,1168],{"class":902},[55,62872,906],{"class":703},[55,62874,22612],{"class":69},[55,62876,760],{"class":65},[55,62878,93],{"class":75},[55,62880,163],{"class":65},[55,62882,166],{"class":75},[55,62884,163],{"class":65},[55,62886,171],{"class":75},[55,62888,79],{"class":65},[55,62890,62891,62893,62895,62897,62899,62901,62903,62905],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,62892,36151],{"class":902},[55,62894,906],{"class":703},[55,62896,22612],{"class":69},[55,62898,66],{"class":65},[55,62900,126],{"class":109},[55,62902,41625],{"class":129},[55,62904,126],{"class":109},[55,62906,322],{"class":65},[55,62908,62909],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,62910,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,62912,62913,62915,62917,62919],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,62914,62],{"class":61},[55,62916,66],{"class":65},[55,62918,332],{"class":318},[55,62920,322],{"class":65},[55,62922,62923,62925,62927,62929],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,62924,62],{"class":61},[55,62926,66],{"class":65},[55,62928,36204],{"class":318},[55,62930,322],{"class":65},[14,62932,281],{},[46,62934,62936],{"className":48,"code":62935,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[1, 2, 3]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[18,62937,62938,62954],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,62939,62940,62942,62944,62946,62948,62950,62952],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,62941,4186],{"class":65},[55,62943,93],{"class":75},[55,62945,163],{"class":65},[55,62947,166],{"class":75},[55,62949,163],{"class":65},[55,62951,171],{"class":75},[55,62953,924],{"class":65},[55,62955,62956,62958,62960,62962,62964,62966,62968,62970,62972,62974,62976,62978,62980],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,62957,4186],{"class":65},[55,62959,1923],{"class":109},[55,62961,294],{"class":129},[55,62963,1923],{"class":109},[55,62965,163],{"class":65},[55,62967,1918],{"class":109},[55,62969,5046],{"class":129},[55,62971,1923],{"class":109},[55,62973,163],{"class":65},[55,62975,1918],{"class":109},[55,62977,9777],{"class":129},[55,62979,1923],{"class":109},[55,62981,924],{"class":65},[14,62983,212,62984,62986,62987,62989],{},[18,62985,24834],{}," to create a list from another iterable such as a tuple, string, ",[18,62988,60070],{},", set, or dictionary.",[41,62991,62993],{"id":62992},"what-list-does","What list() does",[14,62995,62996,62998],{},[18,62997,24834],{}," is a built-in Python function.",[14,63000,63001],{},"It can:",[240,63003,63004,63007,63010],{},[243,63005,63006],{},"create a new list object",[243,63008,63009],{},"make an empty list",[243,63011,63012],{},"convert an iterable into a list",[14,63014,63015,63016,29],{},"A list is a changeable sequence of items. If you are new to lists, see ",[294,63017,52841],{"href":51048},[41,63019,2460],{"id":2459},[14,63021,26541],{},[46,63023,63025],{"className":48,"code":63024,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"list()\nlist(iterable)\n",[18,63026,63027,63033],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,63028,63029,63031],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,63030,1229],{"class":69},[55,63032,1789],{"class":65},[55,63034,63035,63037,63039,63041],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,63036,1229],{"class":69},[55,63038,66],{"class":65},[55,63040,4014],{"class":318},[55,63042,322],{"class":65},[240,63044,63045,63050],{},[243,63046,63047,63049],{},[18,63048,24834],{}," makes an empty list",[243,63051,63052,63055],{},[18,63053,63054],{},"list(iterable)"," converts an iterable to a list",[14,63057,63058],{},"Common iterable values include:",[240,63060,63061,63063,63065,63067,63070],{},[243,63062,335],{},[243,63064,341],{},[243,63066,347],{},[243,63068,63069],{},"ranges",[243,63071,344],{},[41,63073,59692],{"id":59691},[14,63075,212,63076,63078],{},[18,63077,24834],{}," with no arguments:",[46,63080,63082],{"className":48,"code":63081,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = list()\nprint(items)\n",[18,63083,63084,63094],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,63085,63086,63088,63090,63092],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,63087,903],{"class":902},[55,63089,906],{"class":703},[55,63091,22612],{"class":69},[55,63093,1789],{"class":65},[55,63095,63096,63098,63100,63102],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,63097,62],{"class":61},[55,63099,66],{"class":65},[55,63101,937],{"class":318},[55,63103,322],{"class":65},[14,63105,281],{},[46,63107,63108],{"className":48,"code":38360,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,63109,63110],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,63111,63112],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,63113,38360],{"class":65},[14,63115,63116],{},"This is useful when you want to build a list step by step:",[46,63118,63120],{"className":48,"code":63119,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = list()\n\nitems.append(\"apple\")\nitems.append(\"banana\")\n\nprint(items)\n",[18,63121,63122,63132,63136,63154,63172,63176],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,63123,63124,63126,63128,63130],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,63125,903],{"class":902},[55,63127,906],{"class":703},[55,63129,22612],{"class":69},[55,63131,1789],{"class":65},[55,63133,63134],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,63135,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,63137,63138,63140,63142,63144,63146,63148,63150,63152],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,63139,937],{"class":902},[55,63141,29],{"class":65},[55,63143,13599],{"class":318},[55,63145,66],{"class":65},[55,63147,126],{"class":109},[55,63149,4364],{"class":129},[55,63151,126],{"class":109},[55,63153,322],{"class":65},[55,63155,63156,63158,63160,63162,63164,63166,63168,63170],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,63157,937],{"class":902},[55,63159,29],{"class":65},[55,63161,13599],{"class":318},[55,63163,66],{"class":65},[55,63165,126],{"class":109},[55,63167,4373],{"class":129},[55,63169,126],{"class":109},[55,63171,322],{"class":65},[55,63173,63174],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,63175,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,63177,63178,63180,63182,63184],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,63179,62],{"class":61},[55,63181,66],{"class":65},[55,63183,937],{"class":318},[55,63185,322],{"class":65},[14,63187,281],{},[46,63189,63190],{"className":48,"code":38486,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,63191,63192],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,63193,63194,63196,63198,63200,63202,63204,63206,63208,63210],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,63195,4186],{"class":65},[55,63197,1923],{"class":109},[55,63199,4364],{"class":129},[55,63201,1923],{"class":109},[55,63203,163],{"class":65},[55,63205,1918],{"class":109},[55,63207,4373],{"class":129},[55,63209,1923],{"class":109},[55,63211,924],{"class":65},[14,63213,63214,63215,63217],{},"You can also create an empty list with ",[18,63216,461],{},". Both are valid.",[41,63219,63221],{"id":63220},"convert-common-values-to-a-list","Convert common values to a list",[889,63223,63225],{"id":63224},"tuple-to-list","Tuple to list",[46,63227,63228],{"className":48,"code":59990,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,63229,63230,63252],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,63231,63232,63234,63236,63238,63240,63242,63244,63246,63248,63250],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,63233,1168],{"class":902},[55,63235,906],{"class":703},[55,63237,22612],{"class":69},[55,63239,760],{"class":65},[55,63241,93],{"class":75},[55,63243,163],{"class":65},[55,63245,166],{"class":75},[55,63247,163],{"class":65},[55,63249,171],{"class":75},[55,63251,79],{"class":65},[55,63253,63254,63256,63258,63260],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,63255,62],{"class":61},[55,63257,66],{"class":65},[55,63259,332],{"class":318},[55,63261,322],{"class":65},[14,63263,281],{},[46,63265,63266],{"className":48,"code":55220,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,63267,63268],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,63269,63270,63272,63274,63276,63278,63280,63282],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,63271,4186],{"class":65},[55,63273,93],{"class":75},[55,63275,163],{"class":65},[55,63277,166],{"class":75},[55,63279,163],{"class":65},[55,63281,171],{"class":75},[55,63283,924],{"class":65},[14,63285,63286,63287,29],{},"If you also want to compare this with tuples, see ",[294,63288,63290],{"href":63289},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained\u002F","Python tuple() function explained",[889,63292,63294],{"id":63293},"string-to-list","String to list",[46,63296,63298],{"className":48,"code":63297,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = list(\"cat\")\nprint(letters)\n",[18,63299,63300,63318],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,63301,63302,63304,63306,63308,63310,63312,63314,63316],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,63303,36151],{"class":902},[55,63305,906],{"class":703},[55,63307,22612],{"class":69},[55,63309,66],{"class":65},[55,63311,126],{"class":109},[55,63313,37109],{"class":129},[55,63315,126],{"class":109},[55,63317,322],{"class":65},[55,63319,63320,63322,63324,63326],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,63321,62],{"class":61},[55,63323,66],{"class":65},[55,63325,36204],{"class":318},[55,63327,322],{"class":65},[14,63329,281],{},[46,63331,63333],{"className":48,"code":63332,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['c', 'a', 't']\n",[18,63334,63335],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,63336,63337,63339,63341,63343,63345,63347,63349,63351,63353,63355,63357,63360,63362],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,63338,4186],{"class":65},[55,63340,1923],{"class":109},[55,63342,9777],{"class":129},[55,63344,1923],{"class":109},[55,63346,163],{"class":65},[55,63348,1918],{"class":109},[55,63350,294],{"class":129},[55,63352,1923],{"class":109},[55,63354,163],{"class":65},[55,63356,1918],{"class":109},[55,63358,63359],{"class":129},"t",[55,63361,1923],{"class":109},[55,63363,924],{"class":65},[14,63365,63366,63368],{},[18,63367,24834],{}," takes each character from the string and puts it into the new list.",[889,63370,63372],{"id":63371},"range-to-list","Range to list",[46,63374,63376],{"className":48,"code":63375,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = list(range(5))\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,63377,63378,63396],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,63379,63380,63382,63384,63386,63388,63390,63392,63394],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,63381,1168],{"class":902},[55,63383,906],{"class":703},[55,63385,22612],{"class":69},[55,63387,66],{"class":65},[55,63389,60070],{"class":61},[55,63391,66],{"class":65},[55,63393,688],{"class":75},[55,63395,79],{"class":65},[55,63397,63398,63400,63402,63404],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,63399,62],{"class":61},[55,63401,66],{"class":65},[55,63403,332],{"class":318},[55,63405,322],{"class":65},[14,63407,281],{},[46,63409,63410],{"className":48,"code":60093,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,63411,63412],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,63413,63414,63416,63418,63420,63422,63424,63426,63428,63430,63432,63434],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,63415,4186],{"class":65},[55,63417,76],{"class":75},[55,63419,163],{"class":65},[55,63421,5782],{"class":75},[55,63423,163],{"class":65},[55,63425,166],{"class":75},[55,63427,163],{"class":65},[55,63429,171],{"class":75},[55,63431,163],{"class":65},[55,63433,2759],{"class":75},[55,63435,924],{"class":65},[14,63437,63438,63439,63443],{},"This is common when working with ",[294,63440,63441],{"href":36256},[18,63442,36259],{},", especially when you want to see all the values at once.",[889,63445,63447],{"id":63446},"set-to-list","Set to list",[46,63449,63451],{"className":48,"code":63450,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = list({10, 20, 30})\nprint(values)\n",[18,63452,63453,63475],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,63454,63455,63457,63459,63461,63463,63465,63467,63469,63471,63473],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,63456,4110],{"class":902},[55,63458,906],{"class":703},[55,63460,22612],{"class":69},[55,63462,780],{"class":65},[55,63464,376],{"class":75},[55,63466,163],{"class":65},[55,63468,916],{"class":75},[55,63470,163],{"class":65},[55,63472,921],{"class":75},[55,63474,30552],{"class":65},[55,63476,63477,63479,63481,63483],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,63478,62],{"class":61},[55,63480,66],{"class":65},[55,63482,5642],{"class":318},[55,63484,322],{"class":65},[14,63486,17007],{},[46,63488,63490],{"className":48,"code":63489,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[10, 20, 30]\n",[18,63491,63492],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,63493,63494,63496,63498,63500,63502,63504,63506],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,63495,4186],{"class":65},[55,63497,376],{"class":75},[55,63499,163],{"class":65},[55,63501,916],{"class":75},[55,63503,163],{"class":65},[55,63505,921],{"class":75},[55,63507,924],{"class":65},[14,63509,63510],{},"This works, but set order is not guaranteed in the way beginners often expect. The items may appear in a different order.",[889,63512,63514],{"id":63513},"dictionary-to-list","Dictionary to list",[46,63516,63518],{"className":48,"code":63517,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = list(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,63519,63520,63556,63570,63574],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,63521,63522,63524,63526,63528,63530,63532,63534,63536,63538,63540,63542,63544,63546,63548,63550,63552,63554],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,63523,13250],{"class":902},[55,63525,906],{"class":703},[55,63527,10529],{"class":65},[55,63529,126],{"class":109},[55,63531,785],{"class":129},[55,63533,126],{"class":109},[55,63535,790],{"class":65},[55,63537,793],{"class":109},[55,63539,12925],{"class":129},[55,63541,126],{"class":109},[55,63543,163],{"class":65},[55,63545,793],{"class":109},[55,63547,9336],{"class":129},[55,63549,126],{"class":109},[55,63551,790],{"class":65},[55,63553,9343],{"class":75},[55,63555,9346],{"class":65},[55,63557,63558,63560,63562,63564,63566,63568],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,63559,2534],{"class":902},[55,63561,906],{"class":703},[55,63563,22612],{"class":69},[55,63565,66],{"class":65},[55,63567,17356],{"class":318},[55,63569,322],{"class":65},[55,63571,63572],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,63573,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,63575,63576,63578,63580,63582],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,63577,62],{"class":61},[55,63579,66],{"class":65},[55,63581,2569],{"class":318},[55,63583,322],{"class":65},[14,63585,281],{},[46,63587,63588],{"className":48,"code":25534,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,63589,63590],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,63591,63592,63594,63596,63598,63600,63602,63604,63606,63608],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,63593,4186],{"class":65},[55,63595,1923],{"class":109},[55,63597,785],{"class":129},[55,63599,1923],{"class":109},[55,63601,163],{"class":65},[55,63603,1918],{"class":109},[55,63605,9336],{"class":129},[55,63607,1923],{"class":109},[55,63609,924],{"class":65},[14,63611,63612,63613,63615],{},"When you pass a dictionary to ",[18,63614,24834],{},", Python returns the dictionary keys.",[14,63617,63618,63619,29],{},"If you need more help with dictionaries, see ",[294,63620,63622],{"href":63621},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained\u002F","Python dict() function explained",[41,63624,63626],{"id":63625},"what-counts-as-an-iterable","What counts as an iterable",[14,63628,63629],{},"An iterable is something Python can loop through.",[14,63631,61227],{},[240,63633,63634,63636,63638,63640,63642,63644],{},[243,63635,338],{},[243,63637,341],{},[243,63639,335],{},[243,63641,347],{},[243,63643,63069],{},[243,63645,344],{},[14,63647,63648],{},"For example, this works because a string is iterable:",[46,63650,63652],{"className":48,"code":63651,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(list(\"hi\"))\n",[18,63653,63654],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,63655,63656,63658,63660,63662,63664,63666,63669,63671],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,63657,62],{"class":61},[55,63659,66],{"class":65},[55,63661,1229],{"class":69},[55,63663,66],{"class":65},[55,63665,126],{"class":109},[55,63667,63668],{"class":129},"hi",[55,63670,126],{"class":109},[55,63672,79],{"class":65},[14,63674,281],{},[46,63676,63678],{"className":48,"code":63677,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['h', 'i']\n",[18,63679,63680],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,63681,63682,63684,63686,63688,63690,63692,63694,63696,63698],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,63683,4186],{"class":65},[55,63685,1923],{"class":109},[55,63687,60510],{"class":129},[55,63689,1923],{"class":109},[55,63691,163],{"class":65},[55,63693,1918],{"class":109},[55,63695,36215],{"class":129},[55,63697,1923],{"class":109},[55,63699,924],{"class":65},[14,63701,63702],{},"But this fails because an integer is not iterable:",[46,63704,63706],{"className":48,"code":63705,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(list(5))\n",[18,63707,63708],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,63709,63710,63712,63714,63716,63718,63720],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,63711,62],{"class":61},[55,63713,66],{"class":65},[55,63715,1229],{"class":69},[55,63717,66],{"class":65},[55,63719,688],{"class":75},[55,63721,79],{"class":65},[14,63723,281],{},[46,63725,63727],{"className":48,"code":63726,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable\n",[18,63728,63729],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,63730,63731,63733,63735,63737,63739,63741,63743,63745,63747],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,63732,3303],{"class":69},[55,63734,790],{"class":65},[55,63736,1918],{"class":109},[55,63738,2492],{"class":129},[55,63740,1923],{"class":109},[55,63742,24670],{"class":69},[55,63744,1232],{"class":703},[55,63746,1235],{"class":703},[55,63748,63749],{"class":902}," iterable\n",[14,63751,63752,63753,63755,63756,29],{},"If you want a deeper explanation, read ",[294,63754,5423],{"href":5867},". If you hit this exact error, see ",[294,63757,63758],{"href":52669},"how to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[41,63760,63762],{"id":63761},"list-makes-a-new-list-copy","list() makes a new list copy",[14,63764,63765,63766,63769],{},"If you already have a list, ",[18,63767,63768],{},"list(existing_list)"," creates a new list with the same items:",[46,63771,63773],{"className":48,"code":63772,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = list(original)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[18,63774,63775,63795,63809,63813,63823,63833],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,63776,63777,63779,63781,63783,63785,63787,63789,63791,63793],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,63778,12129],{"class":902},[55,63780,906],{"class":703},[55,63782,909],{"class":65},[55,63784,93],{"class":75},[55,63786,163],{"class":65},[55,63788,166],{"class":75},[55,63790,163],{"class":65},[55,63792,171],{"class":75},[55,63794,924],{"class":65},[55,63796,63797,63799,63801,63803,63805,63807],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,63798,14358],{"class":902},[55,63800,906],{"class":703},[55,63802,22612],{"class":69},[55,63804,66],{"class":65},[55,63806,12176],{"class":318},[55,63808,322],{"class":65},[55,63810,63811],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,63812,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,63814,63815,63817,63819,63821],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,63816,62],{"class":61},[55,63818,66],{"class":65},[55,63820,12176],{"class":318},[55,63822,322],{"class":65},[55,63824,63825,63827,63829,63831],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,63826,62],{"class":61},[55,63828,66],{"class":65},[55,63830,14377],{"class":318},[55,63832,322],{"class":65},[55,63834,63835,63837,63839,63841,63843,63845],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,63836,62],{"class":61},[55,63838,66],{"class":65},[55,63840,12129],{"class":318},[55,63842,12237],{"class":1193},[55,63844,14431],{"class":318},[55,63846,322],{"class":65},[14,63848,281],{},[46,63850,63852],{"className":48,"code":63851,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3]\nFalse\n",[18,63853,63854,63870,63886],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,63855,63856,63858,63860,63862,63864,63866,63868],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,63857,4186],{"class":65},[55,63859,93],{"class":75},[55,63861,163],{"class":65},[55,63863,166],{"class":75},[55,63865,163],{"class":65},[55,63867,171],{"class":75},[55,63869,924],{"class":65},[55,63871,63872,63874,63876,63878,63880,63882,63884],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,63873,4186],{"class":65},[55,63875,93],{"class":75},[55,63877,163],{"class":65},[55,63879,166],{"class":75},[55,63881,163],{"class":65},[55,63883,171],{"class":75},[55,63885,924],{"class":65},[55,63887,63888],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,63889,188],{"class":187},[14,63891,63892,63893,63895],{},"This means ",[18,63894,14377],{}," is a different list object.",[14,63897,63898,63899,63901],{},"However, this is only a ",[435,63900,12895],{},". Nested items are still shared:",[46,63903,63905],{"className":48,"code":63904,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = list(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[18,63906,63907,63933,63947,63951,63969,63973,63983],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,63908,63909,63911,63913,63915,63917,63919,63921,63923,63925,63927,63929,63931],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,63910,12129],{"class":902},[55,63912,906],{"class":703},[55,63914,56364],{"class":65},[55,63916,93],{"class":75},[55,63918,163],{"class":65},[55,63920,166],{"class":75},[55,63922,18112],{"class":65},[55,63924,909],{"class":65},[55,63926,2366],{"class":75},[55,63928,163],{"class":65},[55,63930,2759],{"class":75},[55,63932,53312],{"class":65},[55,63934,63935,63937,63939,63941,63943,63945],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,63936,14358],{"class":902},[55,63938,906],{"class":703},[55,63940,22612],{"class":69},[55,63942,66],{"class":65},[55,63944,12176],{"class":318},[55,63946,322],{"class":65},[55,63948,63949],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,63950,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,63952,63953,63955,63957,63959,63961,63963,63965,63967],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,63954,14377],{"class":902},[55,63956,4186],{"class":65},[55,63958,76],{"class":75},[55,63960,13596],{"class":65},[55,63962,13599],{"class":318},[55,63964,66],{"class":65},[55,63966,56417],{"class":75},[55,63968,322],{"class":65},[55,63970,63971],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,63972,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,63974,63975,63977,63979,63981],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,63976,62],{"class":61},[55,63978,66],{"class":65},[55,63980,12176],{"class":318},[55,63982,322],{"class":65},[55,63984,63985,63987,63989,63991],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,63986,62],{"class":61},[55,63988,66],{"class":65},[55,63990,14377],{"class":318},[55,63992,322],{"class":65},[14,63994,281],{},[46,63996,63997],{"className":48,"code":56448,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,63998,63999,64025],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,64000,64001,64003,64005,64007,64009,64011,64013,64015,64017,64019,64021,64023],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,64002,56455],{"class":65},[55,64004,93],{"class":75},[55,64006,163],{"class":65},[55,64008,166],{"class":75},[55,64010,163],{"class":65},[55,64012,10235],{"class":75},[55,64014,18112],{"class":65},[55,64016,909],{"class":65},[55,64018,2366],{"class":75},[55,64020,163],{"class":65},[55,64022,2759],{"class":75},[55,64024,53312],{"class":65},[55,64026,64027,64029,64031,64033,64035,64037,64039,64041,64043,64045,64047,64049],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,64028,56455],{"class":65},[55,64030,93],{"class":75},[55,64032,163],{"class":65},[55,64034,166],{"class":75},[55,64036,163],{"class":65},[55,64038,10235],{"class":75},[55,64040,18112],{"class":65},[55,64042,909],{"class":65},[55,64044,2366],{"class":75},[55,64046,163],{"class":65},[55,64048,2759],{"class":75},[55,64050,53312],{"class":65},[14,64052,64053],{},"Both lists changed because the inner list was shared.",[14,64055,64056,64057,29],{},"For more on this, see ",[294,64058,13837],{"href":13836},[41,64060,64062],{"id":64061},"dictionary-behavior","Dictionary behavior",[14,64064,64065,64066,29],{},"Dictionaries often confuse beginners when used with ",[18,64067,24834],{},[889,64069,64071],{"id":64070},"get-dictionary-keys","Get dictionary keys",[46,64073,64075],{"className":48,"code":64074,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student))\n",[18,64076,64077,64117],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,64078,64079,64081,64083,64085,64087,64089,64091,64093,64095,64097,64099,64101,64103,64105,64107,64109,64111,64113,64115],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,64080,12908],{"class":902},[55,64082,906],{"class":703},[55,64084,10529],{"class":65},[55,64086,126],{"class":109},[55,64088,785],{"class":129},[55,64090,126],{"class":109},[55,64092,790],{"class":65},[55,64094,793],{"class":109},[55,64096,1049],{"class":129},[55,64098,126],{"class":109},[55,64100,163],{"class":65},[55,64102,793],{"class":109},[55,64104,19942],{"class":129},[55,64106,126],{"class":109},[55,64108,790],{"class":65},[55,64110,793],{"class":109},[55,64112,22297],{"class":129},[55,64114,126],{"class":109},[55,64116,9346],{"class":65},[55,64118,64119,64121,64123,64125,64127,64129],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,64120,62],{"class":61},[55,64122,66],{"class":65},[55,64124,1229],{"class":69},[55,64126,66],{"class":65},[55,64128,13672],{"class":318},[55,64130,79],{"class":65},[14,64132,281],{},[46,64134,64136],{"className":48,"code":64135,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['name', 'grade']\n",[18,64137,64138],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,64139,64140,64142,64144,64146,64148,64150,64152,64154,64156],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,64141,4186],{"class":65},[55,64143,1923],{"class":109},[55,64145,785],{"class":129},[55,64147,1923],{"class":109},[55,64149,163],{"class":65},[55,64151,1918],{"class":109},[55,64153,19942],{"class":129},[55,64155,1923],{"class":109},[55,64157,924],{"class":65},[889,64159,64161],{"id":64160},"get-dictionary-values","Get dictionary values",[46,64163,64165],{"className":48,"code":64164,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.values()))\n",[18,64166,64167,64207],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,64168,64169,64171,64173,64175,64177,64179,64181,64183,64185,64187,64189,64191,64193,64195,64197,64199,64201,64203,64205],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,64170,12908],{"class":902},[55,64172,906],{"class":703},[55,64174,10529],{"class":65},[55,64176,126],{"class":109},[55,64178,785],{"class":129},[55,64180,126],{"class":109},[55,64182,790],{"class":65},[55,64184,793],{"class":109},[55,64186,1049],{"class":129},[55,64188,126],{"class":109},[55,64190,163],{"class":65},[55,64192,793],{"class":109},[55,64194,19942],{"class":129},[55,64196,126],{"class":109},[55,64198,790],{"class":65},[55,64200,793],{"class":109},[55,64202,22297],{"class":129},[55,64204,126],{"class":109},[55,64206,9346],{"class":65},[55,64208,64209,64211,64213,64215,64217,64219,64221,64223],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,64210,62],{"class":61},[55,64212,66],{"class":65},[55,64214,1229],{"class":69},[55,64216,66],{"class":65},[55,64218,13672],{"class":318},[55,64220,29],{"class":65},[55,64222,5642],{"class":318},[55,64224,579],{"class":65},[14,64226,281],{},[46,64228,64230],{"className":48,"code":64229,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['Mia', 'A']\n",[18,64231,64232],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,64233,64234,64236,64238,64240,64242,64244,64246,64248,64250],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,64235,4186],{"class":65},[55,64237,1923],{"class":109},[55,64239,1049],{"class":129},[55,64241,1923],{"class":109},[55,64243,163],{"class":65},[55,64245,1918],{"class":109},[55,64247,22297],{"class":129},[55,64249,1923],{"class":109},[55,64251,924],{"class":65},[889,64253,64255],{"id":64254},"get-key-value-pairs","Get key-value pairs",[46,64257,64259],{"className":48,"code":64258,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.items()))\n",[18,64260,64261,64301],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,64262,64263,64265,64267,64269,64271,64273,64275,64277,64279,64281,64283,64285,64287,64289,64291,64293,64295,64297,64299],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,64264,12908],{"class":902},[55,64266,906],{"class":703},[55,64268,10529],{"class":65},[55,64270,126],{"class":109},[55,64272,785],{"class":129},[55,64274,126],{"class":109},[55,64276,790],{"class":65},[55,64278,793],{"class":109},[55,64280,1049],{"class":129},[55,64282,126],{"class":109},[55,64284,163],{"class":65},[55,64286,793],{"class":109},[55,64288,19942],{"class":129},[55,64290,126],{"class":109},[55,64292,790],{"class":65},[55,64294,793],{"class":109},[55,64296,22297],{"class":129},[55,64298,126],{"class":109},[55,64300,9346],{"class":65},[55,64302,64303,64305,64307,64309,64311,64313,64315,64317],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,64304,62],{"class":61},[55,64306,66],{"class":65},[55,64308,1229],{"class":69},[55,64310,66],{"class":65},[55,64312,13672],{"class":318},[55,64314,29],{"class":65},[55,64316,937],{"class":318},[55,64318,579],{"class":65},[14,64320,281],{},[46,64322,64324],{"className":48,"code":64323,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[('name', 'Mia'), ('grade', 'A')]\n",[18,64325,64326],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,64327,64328,64330,64332,64334,64336,64338,64340,64342,64344,64346,64348,64350,64352,64354,64356,64358,64360,64362],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,64329,21792],{"class":65},[55,64331,1923],{"class":109},[55,64333,785],{"class":129},[55,64335,1923],{"class":109},[55,64337,163],{"class":65},[55,64339,1918],{"class":109},[55,64341,1049],{"class":129},[55,64343,1923],{"class":109},[55,64345,9270],{"class":65},[55,64347,9273],{"class":65},[55,64349,1923],{"class":109},[55,64351,19942],{"class":129},[55,64353,1923],{"class":109},[55,64355,163],{"class":65},[55,64357,1918],{"class":109},[55,64359,22297],{"class":129},[55,64361,1923],{"class":109},[55,64363,9286],{"class":65},[14,64365,64366],{},"This is helpful when you need the keys, values, or pairs in list form.",[41,64368,64370],{"id":64369},"when-to-use-list","When to use list()",[14,64372,212,64373,10640],{},[18,64374,24834],{},[240,64376,64377,64385,64394],{},[243,64378,64379,64380,25,64382],{},"you need list methods like ",[18,64381,52722],{},[18,64383,64384],{},"sort()",[243,64386,64387,64388,25,64390,64393],{},"you want to convert ",[18,64389,36259],{},[18,64391,64392],{},"zip()"," results into a visible list",[243,64395,64396],{},"another function gives you an iterable, but you need a real list",[14,64398,46107,64399,790],{},[18,64400,64392],{},[46,64402,64404],{"className":48,"code":64403,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[18,64405,64406,64430,64446,64450,64473],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,64407,64408,64410,64412,64414,64416,64418,64420,64422,64424,64426,64428],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,64409,5281],{"class":902},[55,64411,906],{"class":703},[55,64413,909],{"class":65},[55,64415,126],{"class":109},[55,64417,12925],{"class":129},[55,64419,126],{"class":109},[55,64421,163],{"class":65},[55,64423,793],{"class":109},[55,64425,36001],{"class":129},[55,64427,126],{"class":109},[55,64429,924],{"class":65},[55,64431,64432,64434,64436,64438,64440,64442,64444],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,64433,5350],{"class":902},[55,64435,906],{"class":703},[55,64437,909],{"class":65},[55,64439,13548],{"class":75},[55,64441,163],{"class":65},[55,64443,13553],{"class":75},[55,64445,924],{"class":65},[55,64447,64448],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,64449,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,64451,64452,64454,64456,64458,64460,64463,64465,64467,64469,64471],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,64453,9252],{"class":902},[55,64455,906],{"class":703},[55,64457,22612],{"class":69},[55,64459,66],{"class":65},[55,64461,64462],{"class":61},"zip",[55,64464,66],{"class":65},[55,64466,5325],{"class":318},[55,64468,163],{"class":65},[55,64470,5397],{"class":318},[55,64472,79],{"class":65},[55,64474,64475,64477,64479,64481],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,64476,62],{"class":61},[55,64478,66],{"class":65},[55,64480,9299],{"class":318},[55,64482,322],{"class":65},[14,64484,281],{},[46,64486,64488],{"className":48,"code":64487,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n",[18,64489,64490],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,64491,64492,64494,64496,64498,64500,64502,64504,64506,64508,64510,64512,64514,64516,64518],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,64493,21792],{"class":65},[55,64495,1923],{"class":109},[55,64497,12925],{"class":129},[55,64499,1923],{"class":109},[55,64501,163],{"class":65},[55,64503,19949],{"class":75},[55,64505,9270],{"class":65},[55,64507,9273],{"class":65},[55,64509,1923],{"class":109},[55,64511,36001],{"class":129},[55,64513,1923],{"class":109},[55,64515,163],{"class":65},[55,64517,13553],{"class":75},[55,64519,9286],{"class":65},[14,64521,64522,64523,64525,64526,29],{},"After you have a list, you can work with list methods such as ",[18,64524,52722],{},". For a practical next step, see ",[294,64527,53119],{"href":53118},[41,64529,4803],{"id":4802},[14,64531,56846,64532,29],{},[18,64533,24834],{},[889,64535,64537],{"id":64536},"passing-multiple-values-directly","Passing multiple values directly",[14,64539,4810],{},[46,64541,64543],{"className":48,"code":64542,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"# Wrong\nlist(1, 2, 3)\n",[18,64544,64545,64549],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,64546,64547],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,64548,4820],{"class":3956},[55,64550,64551,64553,64555,64557,64559,64561,64563,64565],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,64552,1229],{"class":69},[55,64554,66],{"class":65},[55,64556,93],{"class":75},[55,64558,163],{"class":65},[55,64560,166],{"class":75},[55,64562,163],{"class":65},[55,64564,171],{"class":75},[55,64566,322],{"class":65},[14,64568,64569,64571],{},[18,64570,24834],{}," accepts one iterable, not several separate values.",[14,64573,18745],{},[46,64575,64577],{"className":48,"code":64576,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(list((1, 2, 3)))\n",[18,64578,64579],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,64580,64581,64583,64585,64587,64589,64591,64593,64595,64597,64599],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,64582,62],{"class":61},[55,64584,66],{"class":65},[55,64586,1229],{"class":69},[55,64588,760],{"class":65},[55,64590,93],{"class":75},[55,64592,163],{"class":65},[55,64594,166],{"class":75},[55,64596,163],{"class":65},[55,64598,171],{"class":75},[55,64600,769],{"class":65},[889,64602,64604,64605],{"id":64603},"expecting-listhello-to-return-hello","Expecting list(\"hello\") to return ",[55,64606,64607],{},"\"hello\"",[14,64609,64610],{},"This is a common surprise:",[46,64612,64614],{"className":48,"code":64613,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(list(\"hello\"))\n",[18,64615,64616],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,64617,64618,64620,64622,64624,64626,64628,64630,64632],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,64619,62],{"class":61},[55,64621,66],{"class":65},[55,64623,1229],{"class":69},[55,64625,66],{"class":65},[55,64627,126],{"class":109},[55,64629,130],{"class":129},[55,64631,126],{"class":109},[55,64633,79],{"class":65},[14,64635,281],{},[46,64637,64639],{"className":48,"code":64638,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']\n",[18,64640,64641],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,64642,64643,64645,64647,64649,64651,64653,64655,64657,64659,64661,64663,64665,64667,64669,64671,64673,64675,64677,64679,64681,64683],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,64644,4186],{"class":65},[55,64646,1923],{"class":109},[55,64648,60510],{"class":129},[55,64650,1923],{"class":109},[55,64652,163],{"class":65},[55,64654,1918],{"class":109},[55,64656,60519],{"class":129},[55,64658,1923],{"class":109},[55,64660,163],{"class":65},[55,64662,1918],{"class":109},[55,64664,60528],{"class":129},[55,64666,1923],{"class":109},[55,64668,163],{"class":65},[55,64670,1918],{"class":109},[55,64672,60528],{"class":129},[55,64674,1923],{"class":109},[55,64676,163],{"class":65},[55,64678,1918],{"class":109},[55,64680,60545],{"class":129},[55,64682,1923],{"class":109},[55,64684,924],{"class":65},[14,64686,64687],{},"A string is iterable, so Python takes one character at a time.",[14,64689,64690],{},"If you want a list with one string item, write:",[46,64692,64694],{"className":48,"code":64693,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print([\"hello\"])\n",[18,64695,64696],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,64697,64698,64700,64702,64704,64706,64708],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,64699,62],{"class":61},[55,64701,158],{"class":65},[55,64703,126],{"class":109},[55,64705,130],{"class":129},[55,64707,126],{"class":109},[55,64709,4174],{"class":65},[889,64711,64713],{"id":64712},"assuming-listdict-returns-values","Assuming list(dict) returns values",[14,64715,64716],{},"This:",[46,64718,64720],{"className":48,"code":64719,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(list(data))\n",[18,64721,64722,64754],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,64723,64724,64726,64728,64730,64732,64734,64736,64738,64740,64742,64744,64746,64748,64750,64752],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,64725,9202],{"class":902},[55,64727,906],{"class":703},[55,64729,10529],{"class":65},[55,64731,126],{"class":109},[55,64733,294],{"class":129},[55,64735,126],{"class":109},[55,64737,790],{"class":65},[55,64739,5782],{"class":75},[55,64741,163],{"class":65},[55,64743,793],{"class":109},[55,64745,5046],{"class":129},[55,64747,126],{"class":109},[55,64749,790],{"class":65},[55,64751,166],{"class":75},[55,64753,9346],{"class":65},[55,64755,64756,64758,64760,64762,64764,64766],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,64757,62],{"class":61},[55,64759,66],{"class":65},[55,64761,1229],{"class":69},[55,64763,66],{"class":65},[55,64765,9241],{"class":318},[55,64767,79],{"class":65},[14,64769,64770],{},"returns the keys, not the values.",[14,64772,212,64773,64776],{},[18,64774,64775],{},"list(data.values())"," if you want values.",[889,64778,64780],{"id":64779},"thinking-list-makes-a-deep-copy","Thinking list() makes a deep copy",[14,64782,64783,64785],{},[18,64784,24834],{}," copies the outer list only.",[14,64787,64788],{},"If the list contains nested mutable items, those inner items are still shared.",[41,64790,2139],{"id":2138},[889,64792,5466,64794,64796],{"id":64793},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-list",[55,64795],{}," and list()?",[14,64798,64799,64800,64802,64803,64805],{},"Both create a new empty list. ",[18,64801,461],{}," is shorter. ",[18,64804,24834],{}," is often used when converting another iterable.",[889,64807,64809],{"id":64808},"why-does-listabc-split-the-string-into-characters","Why does list(\"abc\") split the string into characters?",[14,64811,64812,64813,64815],{},"A string is iterable, so ",[18,64814,24834],{}," takes each character one at a time.",[889,64817,64819],{"id":64818},"what-does-list-return-for-a-dictionary","What does list() return for a dictionary?",[14,64821,64822],{},"It returns a list of the dictionary keys.",[889,64824,64826],{"id":64825},"does-list-copy-a-list","Does list() copy a list?",[14,64828,64829],{},"Yes, but it makes a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[889,64831,64833],{"id":64832},"why-does-list5-fail","Why does list(5) fail?",[14,64835,64836,64837,64839],{},"An integer is not iterable, so ",[18,64838,24834],{}," cannot loop through it.",[41,64841,2193],{"id":2192},[240,64843,64844,64848,64853,64857,64861,64865,64869,64874],{},[243,64845,64846],{},[294,64847,52841],{"href":51048},[243,64849,64850],{},[294,64851,64852],{"href":36256},"Python range() function explained",[243,64854,64855],{},[294,64856,63290],{"href":63289},[243,64858,64859],{},[294,64860,63622],{"href":63621},[243,64862,64863],{},[294,64864,5503],{"href":5867},[243,64866,64867],{},[294,64868,13837],{"href":13836},[243,64870,64871],{},[294,64872,64873],{"href":52669},"How to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[243,64875,64876],{},[294,64877,54348],{"href":53118},[2226,64879,64880],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":64882},[64883,64884,64885,64886,64887,64894,64895,64896,64901,64902,64909,64917],{"id":2307,"depth":82,"text":2308},{"id":62992,"depth":82,"text":62993},{"id":2459,"depth":82,"text":2460},{"id":59691,"depth":82,"text":59692},{"id":63220,"depth":82,"text":63221,"children":64888},[64889,64890,64891,64892,64893],{"id":63224,"depth":98,"text":63225},{"id":63293,"depth":98,"text":63294},{"id":63371,"depth":98,"text":63372},{"id":63446,"depth":98,"text":63447},{"id":63513,"depth":98,"text":63514},{"id":63625,"depth":82,"text":63626},{"id":63761,"depth":82,"text":63762},{"id":64061,"depth":82,"text":64062,"children":64897},[64898,64899,64900],{"id":64070,"depth":98,"text":64071},{"id":64160,"depth":98,"text":64161},{"id":64254,"depth":98,"text":64255},{"id":64369,"depth":82,"text":64370},{"id":4802,"depth":82,"text":4803,"children":64903},[64904,64905,64907,64908],{"id":64536,"depth":98,"text":64537},{"id":64603,"depth":98,"text":64906},"Expecting list(\"hello\") to return \"hello\"",{"id":64712,"depth":98,"text":64713},{"id":64779,"depth":98,"text":64780},{"id":2138,"depth":82,"text":2139,"children":64910},[64911,64913,64914,64915,64916],{"id":64793,"depth":98,"text":64912},"What is the difference between  and list()?",{"id":64808,"depth":98,"text":64809},{"id":64818,"depth":98,"text":64819},{"id":64825,"depth":98,"text":64826},{"id":64832,"depth":98,"text":64833},{"id":2192,"depth":82,"text":2193},"Master python list function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained",{"title":62826,"description":64918},"reference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained","YS2GFSTuQJD-E7GkMfcZR7-V24TSmh15u2hjKR2n6nE",{"id":64925,"title":64926,"body":64927,"description":66278,"extension":2267,"meta":66279,"navigation":1121,"path":66280,"seo":66281,"stem":66282,"__hash__":66283},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method.md","Python List index() Method",{"type":7,"value":64928,"toc":66252},[64929,64934,64940,64949,64951,65024,65033,65038,65042,65058,65062,65064,65066,65085,65088,65116,65119,65144,65152,65154,65159,65166,65168,65225,65227,65235,65241,65245,65248,65321,65323,65331,65334,65357,65364,65370,65374,65380,65451,65453,65461,65470,65477,65484,65492,65636,65638,65655,65658,65697,65700,65704,65709,65711,65770,65776,65779,65886,65888,65903,65906,65913,65915,65919,66067,66070,66131,66134,66137,66158,66163,66167,66178,66181,66183,66188,66191,66199,66204,66210,66213,66219,66227,66229,66249],[10,64930,54412,64932,11363],{"id":64931},"python-list-index-method",[18,64933,59039],{},[14,64935,64936,64939],{},[18,64937,64938],{},"list.index()"," finds the position of a value in a list.",[14,64941,64942,64943,64946,64947,29],{},"Use it when you have a list and want to know where a specific item appears. It returns the index of the ",[435,64944,64945],{},"first matching item",". If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[18,64948,40768],{},[41,64950,44],{"id":43},[46,64952,64954],{"className":48,"code":64953,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = items.index(\"banana\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[18,64955,64956,64988,65011],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,64957,64958,64960,64962,64964,64966,64968,64970,64972,64974,64976,64978,64980,64982,64984,64986],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,64959,903],{"class":902},[55,64961,906],{"class":703},[55,64963,909],{"class":65},[55,64965,126],{"class":109},[55,64967,4364],{"class":129},[55,64969,126],{"class":109},[55,64971,163],{"class":65},[55,64973,793],{"class":109},[55,64975,4373],{"class":129},[55,64977,126],{"class":109},[55,64979,163],{"class":65},[55,64981,793],{"class":109},[55,64983,4382],{"class":129},[55,64985,126],{"class":109},[55,64987,924],{"class":65},[55,64989,64990,64993,64995,64997,64999,65001,65003,65005,65007,65009],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,64991,64992],{"class":902},"position ",[55,64994,906],{"class":703},[55,64996,6244],{"class":902},[55,64998,29],{"class":65},[55,65000,35906],{"class":318},[55,65002,66],{"class":65},[55,65004,126],{"class":109},[55,65006,4373],{"class":129},[55,65008,126],{"class":109},[55,65010,322],{"class":65},[55,65012,65013,65015,65017,65020,65022],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,65014,62],{"class":61},[55,65016,66],{"class":65},[55,65018,65019],{"class":318},"position",[55,65021,3953],{"class":65},[55,65023,27834],{"class":3956},[14,65025,212,65026,65029,65030,65032],{},[18,65027,65028],{},"list.index(value)"," to get the position of the first matching item. It raises ",[18,65031,40768],{}," if the item is not found.",[41,65034,3970,65036,3973],{"id":65035},"what-listindex-does",[18,65037,64938],{},[14,65039,65040,790],{},[18,65041,64938],{},[240,65043,65044,65047,65050,65055],{},[243,65045,65046],{},"Finds the position of a value in a list",[243,65048,65049],{},"Returns the index of the first matching item",[243,65051,65052,65053],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at position ",[18,65054,76],{},[243,65056,65057],{},"Works only if the value exists in the list",[14,65059,54637,65060,29],{},[294,65061,52841],{"href":54640},[41,65063,2460],{"id":2459},[14,65065,30781],{},[46,65067,65069],{"className":48,"code":65068,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_list.index(value)\n",[18,65070,65071],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,65072,65073,65075,65077,65079,65081,65083],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,65074,1477],{"class":902},[55,65076,29],{"class":65},[55,65078,35906],{"class":318},[55,65080,66],{"class":65},[55,65082,319],{"class":318},[55,65084,322],{"class":65},[14,65086,65087],{},"You can also limit the search:",[46,65089,65091],{"className":48,"code":65090,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_list.index(value, start, end)\n",[18,65092,65093],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,65094,65095,65097,65099,65101,65103,65105,65107,65109,65111,65114],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,65096,1477],{"class":902},[55,65098,29],{"class":65},[55,65100,35906],{"class":318},[55,65102,66],{"class":65},[55,65104,319],{"class":318},[55,65106,163],{"class":65},[55,65108,36112],{"class":318},[55,65110,163],{"class":65},[55,65112,65113],{"class":318}," end",[55,65115,322],{"class":65},[14,65117,65118],{},"Here is what each part means:",[240,65120,65121,65126,65131,65136],{},[243,65122,65123,65125],{},[18,65124,319],{},": the item to search for",[243,65127,65128,65130],{},[18,65129,36133],{},": where the search begins",[243,65132,65133,65135],{},[18,65134,52730],{},": where the search stops",[243,65137,65138,5069,65140,65143],{},[18,65139,52730],{},[435,65141,65142],{},"not included"," in the search range",[14,65145,65146,65147,65149,65150,29],{},"This means Python searches from ",[18,65148,36133],{}," up to, but not including, ",[18,65151,52730],{},[41,65153,38083],{"id":38082},[14,65155,65156,65158],{},[18,65157,64938],{}," returns an integer.",[14,65160,65161,65162,65165],{},"That integer is the position of the ",[435,65163,65164],{},"first match"," in the list.",[14,65167,358],{},[46,65169,65171],{"className":48,"code":65170,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = numbers.index(20)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,65172,65173,65193,65211,65215],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,65174,65175,65177,65179,65181,65183,65185,65187,65189,65191],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,65176,1168],{"class":902},[55,65178,906],{"class":703},[55,65180,909],{"class":65},[55,65182,376],{"class":75},[55,65184,163],{"class":65},[55,65186,916],{"class":75},[55,65188,163],{"class":65},[55,65190,921],{"class":75},[55,65192,924],{"class":65},[55,65194,65195,65197,65199,65201,65203,65205,65207,65209],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,65196,2534],{"class":902},[55,65198,906],{"class":703},[55,65200,1196],{"class":902},[55,65202,29],{"class":65},[55,65204,35906],{"class":318},[55,65206,66],{"class":65},[55,65208,15802],{"class":75},[55,65210,322],{"class":65},[55,65212,65213],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,65214,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,65216,65217,65219,65221,65223],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,65218,62],{"class":61},[55,65220,66],{"class":65},[55,65222,2569],{"class":318},[55,65224,322],{"class":65},[14,65226,281],{},[46,65228,65229],{"className":48,"code":46984,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,65230,65231],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,65232,65233],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,65234,46984],{"class":75},[14,65236,65237,65238,65240],{},"If the same value appears more than once, ",[18,65239,59039],{}," still returns only the first matching position.",[41,65242,65244],{"id":65243},"example-find-an-item-in-a-list","Example: find an item in a list",[14,65246,65247],{},"Here is a simple example with strings:",[46,65249,65251],{"className":48,"code":65250,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = fruits.index(\"cherry\")\n\nprint(position)\n",[18,65252,65253,65285,65307,65311],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,65254,65255,65257,65259,65261,65263,65265,65267,65269,65271,65273,65275,65277,65279,65281,65283],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,65256,36300],{"class":902},[55,65258,906],{"class":703},[55,65260,909],{"class":65},[55,65262,126],{"class":109},[55,65264,4364],{"class":129},[55,65266,126],{"class":109},[55,65268,163],{"class":65},[55,65270,793],{"class":109},[55,65272,4373],{"class":129},[55,65274,126],{"class":109},[55,65276,163],{"class":65},[55,65278,793],{"class":109},[55,65280,4382],{"class":129},[55,65282,126],{"class":109},[55,65284,924],{"class":65},[55,65286,65287,65289,65291,65293,65295,65297,65299,65301,65303,65305],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,65288,64992],{"class":902},[55,65290,906],{"class":703},[55,65292,52921],{"class":902},[55,65294,29],{"class":65},[55,65296,35906],{"class":318},[55,65298,66],{"class":65},[55,65300,126],{"class":109},[55,65302,4382],{"class":129},[55,65304,126],{"class":109},[55,65306,322],{"class":65},[55,65308,65309],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,65310,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,65312,65313,65315,65317,65319],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,65314,62],{"class":61},[55,65316,66],{"class":65},[55,65318,65019],{"class":318},[55,65320,322],{"class":65},[14,65322,281],{},[46,65324,65325],{"className":48,"code":17105,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,65326,65327],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,65328,65329],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,65330,17105],{"class":75},[14,65332,65333],{},"In this list:",[240,65335,65336,65343,65350],{},[243,65337,65338,65340,65341],{},[18,65339,57904],{}," is at index ",[18,65342,76],{},[243,65344,65345,65340,65348],{},[18,65346,65347],{},"\"banana\"",[18,65349,93],{},[243,65351,65352,65340,65355],{},[18,65353,65354],{},"\"cherry\"",[18,65356,707],{},[14,65358,53723,65359,1265,65362,29],{},[18,65360,65361],{},"fruits.index(\"cherry\")",[18,65363,707],{},[14,65365,51612,65366,29],{},[294,65367,65369],{"href":65368},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python","how to find an item in a list in Python",[41,65371,65373],{"id":65372},"example-list-with-duplicate-values","Example: list with duplicate values",[14,65375,65376,65377,65379],{},"If a list contains the same value more than once, ",[18,65378,59039],{}," returns the first match only.",[46,65381,65383],{"className":48,"code":65382,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\n\nprint(colors.index(\"red\"))\n",[18,65384,65385,65425,65429],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,65386,65387,65389,65391,65393,65395,65397,65399,65401,65403,65405,65407,65409,65411,65413,65415,65417,65419,65421,65423],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,65388,13121],{"class":902},[55,65390,906],{"class":703},[55,65392,909],{"class":65},[55,65394,126],{"class":109},[55,65396,13138],{"class":129},[55,65398,126],{"class":109},[55,65400,163],{"class":65},[55,65402,793],{"class":109},[55,65404,13155],{"class":129},[55,65406,126],{"class":109},[55,65408,163],{"class":65},[55,65410,793],{"class":109},[55,65412,13138],{"class":129},[55,65414,126],{"class":109},[55,65416,163],{"class":65},[55,65418,793],{"class":109},[55,65420,17505],{"class":129},[55,65422,126],{"class":109},[55,65424,924],{"class":65},[55,65426,65427],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,65428,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,65430,65431,65433,65435,65437,65439,65441,65443,65445,65447,65449],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,65432,62],{"class":61},[55,65434,66],{"class":65},[55,65436,17552],{"class":318},[55,65438,29],{"class":65},[55,65440,35906],{"class":318},[55,65442,66],{"class":65},[55,65444,126],{"class":109},[55,65446,13138],{"class":129},[55,65448,126],{"class":109},[55,65450,79],{"class":65},[14,65452,281],{},[46,65454,65455],{"className":48,"code":47319,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,65456,65457],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,65458,65459],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,65460,47319],{"class":75},[14,65462,21029,65463,65466,65467,65469],{},[18,65464,65465],{},"\"red\""," appears again later, Python returns ",[18,65468,76],{}," because that is the first matching position.",[14,65471,65472,65473,29],{},"If you need to count how many times a value appears, use ",[294,65474,55590,65475,10780],{"href":59098},[18,65476,57361],{},[41,65478,1556,65480,4679,65482],{"id":65479},"using-start-and-end",[18,65481,36133],{},[18,65483,52730],{},[14,65485,65486,65487,4679,65489,65491],{},"The optional ",[18,65488,36133],{},[18,65490,52730],{}," arguments let you search only part of a list.",[46,65493,65495],{"className":48,"code":65494,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\"]\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # first match\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # search starting at index 2\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4))  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[18,65496,65497,65545,65549,65574,65603],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,65498,65499,65501,65503,65505,65507,65509,65511,65513,65515,65517,65519,65521,65523,65525,65527,65529,65531,65533,65535,65537,65539,65541,65543],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,65500,36151],{"class":902},[55,65502,906],{"class":703},[55,65504,909],{"class":65},[55,65506,126],{"class":109},[55,65508,294],{"class":129},[55,65510,126],{"class":109},[55,65512,163],{"class":65},[55,65514,793],{"class":109},[55,65516,5046],{"class":129},[55,65518,126],{"class":109},[55,65520,163],{"class":65},[55,65522,793],{"class":109},[55,65524,9777],{"class":129},[55,65526,126],{"class":109},[55,65528,163],{"class":65},[55,65530,793],{"class":109},[55,65532,5046],{"class":129},[55,65534,126],{"class":109},[55,65536,163],{"class":65},[55,65538,793],{"class":109},[55,65540,18818],{"class":129},[55,65542,126],{"class":109},[55,65544,924],{"class":65},[55,65546,65547],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,65548,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,65550,65551,65553,65555,65557,65559,65561,65563,65565,65567,65569,65571],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,65552,62],{"class":61},[55,65554,66],{"class":65},[55,65556,36204],{"class":318},[55,65558,29],{"class":65},[55,65560,35906],{"class":318},[55,65562,66],{"class":65},[55,65564,126],{"class":109},[55,65566,5046],{"class":129},[55,65568,126],{"class":109},[55,65570,5645],{"class":65},[55,65572,65573],{"class":3956},"        # first match\n",[55,65575,65576,65578,65580,65582,65584,65586,65588,65590,65592,65594,65596,65598,65600],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,65577,62],{"class":61},[55,65579,66],{"class":65},[55,65581,36204],{"class":318},[55,65583,29],{"class":65},[55,65585,35906],{"class":318},[55,65587,66],{"class":65},[55,65589,126],{"class":109},[55,65591,5046],{"class":129},[55,65593,126],{"class":109},[55,65595,163],{"class":65},[55,65597,166],{"class":75},[55,65599,5645],{"class":65},[55,65601,65602],{"class":3956},"     # search starting at index 2\n",[55,65604,65605,65607,65609,65611,65613,65615,65617,65619,65621,65623,65625,65627,65629,65631,65633],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,65606,62],{"class":61},[55,65608,66],{"class":65},[55,65610,36204],{"class":318},[55,65612,29],{"class":65},[55,65614,35906],{"class":318},[55,65616,66],{"class":65},[55,65618,126],{"class":109},[55,65620,5046],{"class":129},[55,65622,126],{"class":109},[55,65624,163],{"class":65},[55,65626,5782],{"class":75},[55,65628,163],{"class":65},[55,65630,2759],{"class":75},[55,65632,5645],{"class":65},[55,65634,65635],{"class":3956},"  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[14,65637,281],{},[46,65639,65641],{"className":48,"code":65640,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"1\n3\n1\n",[18,65642,65643,65647,65651],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,65644,65645],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,65646,46984],{"class":75},[55,65648,65649],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,65650,46684],{"class":75},[55,65652,65653],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,65654,46984],{"class":75},[14,65656,65657],{},"How this works:",[240,65659,65660,65672,65685],{},[243,65661,65662,65665,65666,65669,65670],{},[18,65663,65664],{},"letters.index(\"b\")"," searches the whole list and returns the first ",[18,65667,65668],{},"\"b\""," at index ",[18,65671,93],{},[243,65673,65674,65677,65678,65680,65681,65669,65683],{},[18,65675,65676],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 2)"," starts searching at index ",[18,65679,707],{},", so it finds the next ",[18,65682,65668],{},[18,65684,2366],{},[243,65686,65687,65690,65691,2493,65693,17121,65695],{},[18,65688,65689],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4)"," searches indexes ",[18,65692,93],{},[18,65694,707],{},[18,65696,2366],{},[14,65698,65699],{},"This is useful when you want to skip earlier items and find a later match.",[41,65701,65703],{"id":65702},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-missing","What happens if the value is missing",[14,65705,65706,65707,29],{},"If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[18,65708,40768],{},[14,65710,358],{},[46,65712,65714],{"className":48,"code":65713,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(items.index(\"orange\"))\n",[18,65715,65716,65748],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,65717,65718,65720,65722,65724,65726,65728,65730,65732,65734,65736,65738,65740,65742,65744,65746],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,65719,903],{"class":902},[55,65721,906],{"class":703},[55,65723,909],{"class":65},[55,65725,126],{"class":109},[55,65727,4364],{"class":129},[55,65729,126],{"class":109},[55,65731,163],{"class":65},[55,65733,793],{"class":109},[55,65735,4373],{"class":129},[55,65737,126],{"class":109},[55,65739,163],{"class":65},[55,65741,793],{"class":109},[55,65743,4382],{"class":129},[55,65745,126],{"class":109},[55,65747,924],{"class":65},[55,65749,65750,65752,65754,65756,65758,65760,65762,65764,65766,65768],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,65751,62],{"class":61},[55,65753,66],{"class":65},[55,65755,937],{"class":318},[55,65757,29],{"class":65},[55,65759,35906],{"class":318},[55,65761,66],{"class":65},[55,65763,126],{"class":109},[55,65765,33278],{"class":129},[55,65767,126],{"class":109},[55,65769,79],{"class":65},[14,65771,39717,65772,65775],{},[18,65773,65774],{},"\"orange\""," is not in the list.",[14,65777,65778],{},"A safer approach is to check first:",[46,65780,65782],{"className":48,"code":65781,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nsearch_value = \"orange\"\n\nif search_value in items:\n    print(items.index(search_value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Item not found\")\n",[18,65783,65784,65816,65829,65833,65846,65865,65871],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,65785,65786,65788,65790,65792,65794,65796,65798,65800,65802,65804,65806,65808,65810,65812,65814],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,65787,903],{"class":902},[55,65789,906],{"class":703},[55,65791,909],{"class":65},[55,65793,126],{"class":109},[55,65795,4364],{"class":129},[55,65797,126],{"class":109},[55,65799,163],{"class":65},[55,65801,793],{"class":109},[55,65803,4373],{"class":129},[55,65805,126],{"class":109},[55,65807,163],{"class":65},[55,65809,793],{"class":109},[55,65811,4382],{"class":129},[55,65813,126],{"class":109},[55,65815,924],{"class":65},[55,65817,65818,65821,65823,65825,65827],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,65819,65820],{"class":902},"search_value ",[55,65822,906],{"class":703},[55,65824,793],{"class":109},[55,65826,33278],{"class":129},[55,65828,1052],{"class":109},[55,65830,65831],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,65832,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,65834,65835,65837,65840,65842,65844],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,65836,38],{"class":1193},[55,65838,65839],{"class":902}," search_value ",[55,65841,4168],{"class":703},[55,65843,6244],{"class":902},[55,65845,1199],{"class":65},[55,65847,65848,65850,65852,65854,65856,65858,65860,65863],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,65849,1204],{"class":61},[55,65851,66],{"class":65},[55,65853,937],{"class":318},[55,65855,29],{"class":65},[55,65857,35906],{"class":318},[55,65859,66],{"class":65},[55,65861,65862],{"class":318},"search_value",[55,65864,79],{"class":65},[55,65866,65867,65869],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,65868,27488],{"class":1193},[55,65870,1199],{"class":65},[55,65872,65873,65875,65877,65879,65882,65884],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,65874,1204],{"class":61},[55,65876,66],{"class":65},[55,65878,126],{"class":109},[55,65880,65881],{"class":129},"Item not found",[55,65883,126],{"class":109},[55,65885,322],{"class":65},[14,65887,281],{},[46,65889,65891],{"className":48,"code":65890,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Item not found\n",[18,65892,65893],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,65894,65895,65898,65900],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,65896,65897],{"class":902},"Item ",[55,65899,4916],{"class":703},[55,65901,65902],{"class":902}," found\n",[14,65904,65905],{},"This avoids the error and makes your code easier to understand.",[14,65907,65908,65909,29],{},"If you want more help with this kind of problem, see ",[294,65910,65912],{"href":65911},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes","ValueError in Python: causes and fixes",[41,65914,4803],{"id":4802},[14,65916,21263,65917,790],{},[18,65918,64938],{},[240,65920,65921,65939,65951,66011],{},[243,65922,25828,65923,1265,65925,65928,65929,65931,65932,5447,65934,65936,65937,29],{},[18,65924,59039],{},[18,65926,65927],{},"-1"," if the item is missing",[9884,65930],{},"\nPython does ",[435,65933,4916],{},[18,65935,65927],{},". It raises ",[18,65938,40768],{},[243,65940,65941,65942,65944,65947,65948,65950],{},"Confusing the item value with the item position",[9884,65943],{},[18,65945,65946],{},"my_list.index(\"banana\")"," returns the position of ",[18,65949,65347],{},", not the value itself.",[243,65952,1556,65953,11132,65956,65958,65960,65961,16704,65963,65986,16692,65988],{},[18,65954,65955],{},"index[]",[18,65957,59039],{},[9884,65959],{},"\nThis is a method call, so you must use parentheses.",[9884,65962],{},[46,65964,65966],{"className":48,"code":65965,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items.index(\"banana\")\n",[18,65967,65968],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,65969,65970,65972,65974,65976,65978,65980,65982,65984],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,65971,937],{"class":902},[55,65973,29],{"class":65},[55,65975,35906],{"class":318},[55,65977,66],{"class":65},[55,65979,126],{"class":109},[55,65981,4373],{"class":129},[55,65983,126],{"class":109},[55,65985,322],{"class":65},[9884,65987],{},[46,65989,65991],{"className":48,"code":65990,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items.index[\"banana\"]\n",[18,65992,65993],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,65994,65995,65997,65999,66001,66003,66005,66007,66009],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,65996,937],{"class":902},[55,65998,29],{"class":65},[55,66000,35906],{"class":24803},[55,66002,4186],{"class":65},[55,66004,126],{"class":109},[55,66006,4373],{"class":129},[55,66008,126],{"class":109},[55,66010,924],{"class":65},[243,66012,66013,66014,66016,4679,66019,66021,66022],{},"Searching with the wrong type",[9884,66015],{},[18,66017,66018],{},"\"3\"",[18,66020,2366],{}," are different values in Python.",[46,66023,66025],{"className":48,"code":66024,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\"3\" in numbers)  # False\n",[18,66026,66027,66047],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,66028,66029,66031,66033,66035,66037,66039,66041,66043,66045],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,66030,1168],{"class":902},[55,66032,906],{"class":703},[55,66034,909],{"class":65},[55,66036,93],{"class":75},[55,66038,163],{"class":65},[55,66040,166],{"class":75},[55,66042,163],{"class":65},[55,66044,171],{"class":75},[55,66046,924],{"class":65},[55,66048,66049,66051,66053,66055,66057,66059,66061,66063,66065],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,66050,62],{"class":61},[55,66052,66],{"class":65},[55,66054,126],{"class":109},[55,66056,2366],{"class":129},[55,66058,126],{"class":109},[55,66060,21225],{"class":1193},[55,66062,1196],{"class":318},[55,66064,3953],{"class":65},[55,66066,5057],{"class":3956},[14,66068,66069],{},"If your code is not working, these quick checks can help:",[46,66071,66073],{"className":48,"code":66072,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(search_value))\nprint(search_value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.index(search_value))\n",[18,66074,66075,66085,66099,66113],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,66076,66077,66079,66081,66083],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,66078,62],{"class":61},[55,66080,66],{"class":65},[55,66082,1477],{"class":318},[55,66084,322],{"class":65},[55,66086,66087,66089,66091,66093,66095,66097],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,66088,62],{"class":61},[55,66090,66],{"class":65},[55,66092,1879],{"class":69},[55,66094,66],{"class":65},[55,66096,65862],{"class":318},[55,66098,79],{"class":65},[55,66100,66101,66103,66105,66107,66109,66111],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,66102,62],{"class":61},[55,66104,66],{"class":65},[55,66106,65820],{"class":318},[55,66108,4168],{"class":1193},[55,66110,1534],{"class":318},[55,66112,322],{"class":65},[55,66114,66115,66117,66119,66121,66123,66125,66127,66129],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,66116,62],{"class":61},[55,66118,66],{"class":65},[55,66120,1477],{"class":318},[55,66122,29],{"class":65},[55,66124,35906],{"class":318},[55,66126,66],{"class":65},[55,66128,65862],{"class":318},[55,66130,79],{"class":65},[14,66132,66133],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will still raise an error if the value is missing.",[14,66135,66136],{},"Common causes of problems include:",[240,66138,66139,66142,66149,66155],{},[243,66140,66141],{},"The searched value is not in the list",[243,66143,66144,66145,11132,66147],{},"The value exists but has a different type, such as ",[18,66146,66018],{},[18,66148,2366],{},[243,66150,66151,66152,66154],{},"The code expects all matches, but ",[18,66153,59039],{}," returns only the first one",[243,66156,66157],{},"Parentheses were forgotten when calling the method",[41,66159,5247,66161],{"id":66160},"when-to-use-index",[18,66162,59039],{},[14,66164,212,66165,10640],{},[18,66166,59039],{},[240,66168,66169,66172,66175],{},[243,66170,66171],{},"You need the position of a known value",[243,66173,66174],{},"You are working with a small list",[243,66176,66177],{},"You only need the first matching position",[14,66179,66180],{},"Do not use it when you need every matching position. In that case, a loop or list comprehension is a better choice.",[41,66182,2139],{"id":2138},[889,66184,5429,66186,5432],{"id":66185},"what-does-listindex-return-in-python",[18,66187,64938],{},[14,66189,66190],{},"It returns the index of the first matching item in the list.",[889,66192,12748,66194,5447,66196,66198],{"id":66193},"does-listindex-return-1-if-the-value-is-not-found",[18,66195,64938],{},[18,66197,65927],{}," if the value is not found?",[14,66200,66201,66202,6906],{},"No. It raises ",[18,66203,40768],{},[889,66205,5456,66207,66209],{"id":66206},"can-listindex-find-all-matching-items",[18,66208,64938],{}," find all matching items?",[14,66211,66212],{},"No. It returns only the first match.",[889,66214,66216,66217,2794],{"id":66215},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-list-with-index","Can I search only part of a list with ",[18,66218,59039],{},[14,66220,66221,66222,4679,66224,66226],{},"Yes. You can use the optional ",[18,66223,36133],{},[18,66225,52730],{}," arguments.",[41,66228,2193],{"id":2192},[240,66230,66231,66235,66239,66243],{},[243,66232,66233],{},[294,66234,59027],{"href":65368},[243,66236,66237],{},[294,66238,52841],{"href":54640},[243,66240,66241],{},[294,66242,65912],{"href":65911},[243,66244,66245],{},[294,66246,55590,66247,10780],{"href":59098},[18,66248,57361],{},[2226,66250,66251],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":66253},[66254,66255,66257,66258,66259,66260,66261,66263,66264,66265,66267,66277],{"id":43,"depth":82,"text":44},{"id":65035,"depth":82,"text":66256},"What list.index() does",{"id":2459,"depth":82,"text":2460},{"id":38082,"depth":82,"text":38083},{"id":65243,"depth":82,"text":65244},{"id":65372,"depth":82,"text":65373},{"id":65479,"depth":82,"text":66262},"Using start and end",{"id":65702,"depth":82,"text":65703},{"id":4802,"depth":82,"text":4803},{"id":66160,"depth":82,"text":66266},"When to use index()",{"id":2138,"depth":82,"text":2139,"children":66268},[66269,66271,66273,66275],{"id":66185,"depth":98,"text":66270},"What does list.index() return in Python?",{"id":66193,"depth":98,"text":66272},"Does list.index() return -1 if the value is not found?",{"id":66206,"depth":98,"text":66274},"Can list.index() find all matching items?",{"id":66215,"depth":98,"text":66276},"Can I search only part of a list with index()?",{"id":2192,"depth":82,"text":2193},"Master python list index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method",{"title":64926,"description":66278},"reference\u002Fpython-list-index-method","AmwxQ3VBBVSHTCmxaOPqq2Gy26F_doVR46oMWCVmI50",{"id":66285,"title":66286,"body":66287,"description":68229,"extension":2267,"meta":68230,"navigation":1121,"path":68231,"seo":68232,"stem":68233,"__hash__":68234},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method.md","Python List insert() Method",{"type":7,"value":66288,"toc":68189},[66289,66294,66299,66302,66311,66368,66374,66379,66383,66397,66403,66405,66428,66445,66447,66508,66510,66542,66555,66557,66560,66660,66662,66740,66746,66750,66758,66762,66768,66823,66825,66849,66853,66856,66909,66911,66935,66939,66942,66995,66997,67021,67025,67031,67102,67104,67145,67151,67158,67161,67166,67174,67179,67187,67189,67286,67288,67357,67364,67369,67371,67375,67380,67382,67453,67455,67484,67490,67492,67519,67522,67545,67549,67552,67574,67577,67600,67602,67662,67664,67696,67702,67707,67760,67762,67787,67790,67839,67841,67862,67866,67871,67874,67929,67931,67958,67965,67969,67974,68045,68048,68062,68067,68072,68074,68088,68100,68105,68107,68112,68117,68121,68124,68130,68136,68143,68151,68153,68186],[10,66290,54412,66292,11363],{"id":66291},"python-list-insert-method",[18,66293,54338],{},[14,66295,66296,66298],{},[18,66297,53981],{}," adds an item to a list at a specific position.",[14,66300,66301],{},"This method is useful when the position matters. For example, you may want to add a new value at the beginning of a list, in the middle, or just before the last item.",[14,66303,212,66304,66306,66307,29],{},[18,66305,54338],{}," when you need to place an item at a chosen index. If you only want to add an item at the end, see the ",[294,66308,55590,66309,10780],{"href":56839},[18,66310,52722],{},[46,66312,66314],{"className":48,"code":66313,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 4]\nnumbers.insert(2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,66315,66316,66336,66354,66364],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,66317,66318,66320,66322,66324,66326,66328,66330,66332,66334],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,66319,1168],{"class":902},[55,66321,906],{"class":703},[55,66323,909],{"class":65},[55,66325,93],{"class":75},[55,66327,163],{"class":65},[55,66329,166],{"class":75},[55,66331,163],{"class":65},[55,66333,2759],{"class":75},[55,66335,924],{"class":65},[55,66337,66338,66340,66342,66344,66346,66348,66350,66352],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,66339,332],{"class":902},[55,66341,29],{"class":65},[55,66343,54021],{"class":318},[55,66345,66],{"class":65},[55,66347,707],{"class":75},[55,66349,163],{"class":65},[55,66351,171],{"class":75},[55,66353,322],{"class":65},[55,66355,66356,66358,66360,66362],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,66357,62],{"class":61},[55,66359,66],{"class":65},[55,66361,332],{"class":318},[55,66363,322],{"class":65},[55,66365,66366],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,66367,52793],{"class":3956},[14,66369,212,66370,66373],{},[18,66371,66372],{},"list.insert(index, value)"," to add an item at a specific position.",[41,66375,3970,66377,3973],{"id":66376},"what-listinsert-does",[18,66378,53981],{},[14,66380,66381,790],{},[18,66382,53981],{},[240,66384,66385,66388,66391,66393],{},[243,66386,66387],{},"Adds one item into a list at a chosen position",[243,66389,66390],{},"Shifts existing items to the right",[243,66392,54498],{},[243,66394,11465,66395],{},[18,66396,481],{},[14,66398,66399,66400,66402],{},"That last point is important. ",[18,66401,54338],{}," does not create a new list.",[41,66404,5715],{"id":5714},[46,66406,66408],{"className":48,"code":66407,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_list.insert(index, item)\n",[18,66409,66410],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,66411,66412,66414,66416,66418,66420,66422,66424,66426],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,66413,1477],{"class":902},[55,66415,29],{"class":65},[55,66417,54021],{"class":318},[55,66419,66],{"class":65},[55,66421,35906],{"class":318},[55,66423,163],{"class":65},[55,66425,29562],{"class":318},[55,66427,322],{"class":65},[240,66429,66430,66435,66440],{},[243,66431,66432,66434],{},[18,66433,35906],{}," is the position where the new item should go",[243,66436,66437,66439],{},[18,66438,23363],{}," is the value to add",[243,66441,66442,66443],{},"The first list position is index ",[18,66444,76],{},[14,66446,358],{},[46,66448,66450],{"className":48,"code":66449,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[18,66451,66452,66476,66498],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,66453,66454,66456,66458,66460,66462,66464,66466,66468,66470,66472,66474],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,66455,36151],{"class":902},[55,66457,906],{"class":703},[55,66459,909],{"class":65},[55,66461,126],{"class":109},[55,66463,294],{"class":129},[55,66465,126],{"class":109},[55,66467,163],{"class":65},[55,66469,793],{"class":109},[55,66471,9777],{"class":129},[55,66473,126],{"class":109},[55,66475,924],{"class":65},[55,66477,66478,66480,66482,66484,66486,66488,66490,66492,66494,66496],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,66479,36204],{"class":902},[55,66481,29],{"class":65},[55,66483,54021],{"class":318},[55,66485,66],{"class":65},[55,66487,93],{"class":75},[55,66489,163],{"class":65},[55,66491,793],{"class":109},[55,66493,5046],{"class":129},[55,66495,126],{"class":109},[55,66497,322],{"class":65},[55,66499,66500,66502,66504,66506],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,66501,62],{"class":61},[55,66503,66],{"class":65},[55,66505,36204],{"class":318},[55,66507,322],{"class":65},[14,66509,281],{},[46,66511,66512],{"className":48,"code":42941,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,66513,66514],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,66515,66516,66518,66520,66522,66524,66526,66528,66530,66532,66534,66536,66538,66540],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,66517,4186],{"class":65},[55,66519,1923],{"class":109},[55,66521,294],{"class":129},[55,66523,1923],{"class":109},[55,66525,163],{"class":65},[55,66527,1918],{"class":109},[55,66529,5046],{"class":129},[55,66531,1923],{"class":109},[55,66533,163],{"class":65},[55,66535,1918],{"class":109},[55,66537,9777],{"class":129},[55,66539,1923],{"class":109},[55,66541,924],{"class":65},[14,66543,20822,66544,66546,66547,66549,66550,4679,66552,29],{},[18,66545,65668],{}," is inserted at index ",[18,66548,93],{},", so it appears between ",[18,66551,18146],{},[18,66553,66554],{},"\"c\"",[41,66556,6065],{"id":6064},[14,66558,66559],{},"Here is a simple before-and-after example:",[46,66561,66563],{"className":48,"code":66562,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\"Before:\", colors)\n\ncolors.insert(1, \"yellow\")\nprint(\"After: \", colors)\n",[18,66564,66565,66597,66615,66619,66641],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,66566,66567,66569,66571,66573,66575,66577,66579,66581,66583,66585,66587,66589,66591,66593,66595],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,66568,13121],{"class":902},[55,66570,906],{"class":703},[55,66572,909],{"class":65},[55,66574,126],{"class":109},[55,66576,13138],{"class":129},[55,66578,126],{"class":109},[55,66580,163],{"class":65},[55,66582,793],{"class":109},[55,66584,13155],{"class":129},[55,66586,126],{"class":109},[55,66588,163],{"class":65},[55,66590,793],{"class":109},[55,66592,17505],{"class":129},[55,66594,126],{"class":109},[55,66596,924],{"class":65},[55,66598,66599,66601,66603,66605,66607,66609,66611,66613],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,66600,62],{"class":61},[55,66602,66],{"class":65},[55,66604,126],{"class":109},[55,66606,11606],{"class":129},[55,66608,126],{"class":109},[55,66610,163],{"class":65},[55,66612,13169],{"class":318},[55,66614,322],{"class":65},[55,66616,66617],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,66618,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,66620,66621,66623,66625,66627,66629,66631,66633,66635,66637,66639],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,66622,17552],{"class":902},[55,66624,29],{"class":65},[55,66626,54021],{"class":318},[55,66628,66],{"class":65},[55,66630,93],{"class":75},[55,66632,163],{"class":65},[55,66634,793],{"class":109},[55,66636,22576],{"class":129},[55,66638,126],{"class":109},[55,66640,322],{"class":65},[55,66642,66643,66645,66647,66649,66652,66654,66656,66658],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,66644,62],{"class":61},[55,66646,66],{"class":65},[55,66648,126],{"class":109},[55,66650,66651],{"class":129},"After: ",[55,66653,126],{"class":109},[55,66655,163],{"class":65},[55,66657,13169],{"class":318},[55,66659,322],{"class":65},[14,66661,281],{},[46,66663,66665],{"className":48,"code":66664,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Before: ['red', 'blue', 'green']\nAfter:  ['red', 'yellow', 'blue', 'green']\n",[18,66666,66667,66699],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,66668,66669,66671,66673,66675,66677,66679,66681,66683,66685,66687,66689,66691,66693,66695,66697],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,66670,11666],{"class":902},[55,66672,790],{"class":65},[55,66674,909],{"class":65},[55,66676,1923],{"class":109},[55,66678,13138],{"class":129},[55,66680,1923],{"class":109},[55,66682,163],{"class":65},[55,66684,1918],{"class":109},[55,66686,13155],{"class":129},[55,66688,1923],{"class":109},[55,66690,163],{"class":65},[55,66692,1918],{"class":109},[55,66694,17505],{"class":129},[55,66696,1923],{"class":109},[55,66698,924],{"class":65},[55,66700,66701,66703,66705,66708,66710,66712,66714,66716,66718,66720,66722,66724,66726,66728,66730,66732,66734,66736,66738],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,66702,11719],{"class":902},[55,66704,790],{"class":65},[55,66706,66707],{"class":65},"  [",[55,66709,1923],{"class":109},[55,66711,13138],{"class":129},[55,66713,1923],{"class":109},[55,66715,163],{"class":65},[55,66717,1918],{"class":109},[55,66719,22576],{"class":129},[55,66721,1923],{"class":109},[55,66723,163],{"class":65},[55,66725,1918],{"class":109},[55,66727,13155],{"class":129},[55,66729,1923],{"class":109},[55,66731,163],{"class":65},[55,66733,1918],{"class":109},[55,66735,17505],{"class":129},[55,66737,1923],{"class":109},[55,66739,924],{"class":65},[14,66741,66742,66743,66745],{},"The new value appears at index ",[18,66744,93],{},". The existing items from that position onward move one place to the right.",[41,66747,66749],{"id":66748},"how-the-index-works","How the index works",[14,66751,16,66752,35389,66754,66757],{},[18,66753,35906],{},[18,66755,66756],{},"insert(index, item)"," controls where the new item is placed.",[889,66759,66761],{"id":66760},"insert-at-the-beginning","Insert at the beginning",[14,66763,66764,66765,66767],{},"Use index ",[18,66766,76],{}," to add an item at the start of the list.",[46,66769,66771],{"className":48,"code":66770,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"nums = [2, 3, 4]\nnums.insert(0, 1)\nprint(nums)\n",[18,66772,66773,66794,66813],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,66774,66775,66778,66780,66782,66784,66786,66788,66790,66792],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,66776,66777],{"class":902},"nums ",[55,66779,906],{"class":703},[55,66781,909],{"class":65},[55,66783,707],{"class":75},[55,66785,163],{"class":65},[55,66787,171],{"class":75},[55,66789,163],{"class":65},[55,66791,2759],{"class":75},[55,66793,924],{"class":65},[55,66795,66796,66799,66801,66803,66805,66807,66809,66811],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,66797,66798],{"class":902},"nums",[55,66800,29],{"class":65},[55,66802,54021],{"class":318},[55,66804,66],{"class":65},[55,66806,76],{"class":75},[55,66808,163],{"class":65},[55,66810,5782],{"class":75},[55,66812,322],{"class":65},[55,66814,66815,66817,66819,66821],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,66816,62],{"class":61},[55,66818,66],{"class":65},[55,66820,66798],{"class":318},[55,66822,322],{"class":65},[14,66824,281],{},[46,66826,66827],{"className":48,"code":53575,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,66828,66829],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,66830,66831,66833,66835,66837,66839,66841,66843,66845,66847],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,66832,4186],{"class":65},[55,66834,93],{"class":75},[55,66836,163],{"class":65},[55,66838,166],{"class":75},[55,66840,163],{"class":65},[55,66842,171],{"class":75},[55,66844,163],{"class":65},[55,66846,2759],{"class":75},[55,66848,924],{"class":65},[889,66850,66852],{"id":66851},"insert-in-the-middle","Insert in the middle",[14,66854,66855],{},"A middle index inserts between existing items.",[46,66857,66859],{"className":48,"code":66858,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"nums = [1, 2, 4]\nnums.insert(2, 3)\nprint(nums)\n",[18,66860,66861,66881,66899],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,66862,66863,66865,66867,66869,66871,66873,66875,66877,66879],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,66864,66777],{"class":902},[55,66866,906],{"class":703},[55,66868,909],{"class":65},[55,66870,93],{"class":75},[55,66872,163],{"class":65},[55,66874,166],{"class":75},[55,66876,163],{"class":65},[55,66878,2759],{"class":75},[55,66880,924],{"class":65},[55,66882,66883,66885,66887,66889,66891,66893,66895,66897],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,66884,66798],{"class":902},[55,66886,29],{"class":65},[55,66888,54021],{"class":318},[55,66890,66],{"class":65},[55,66892,707],{"class":75},[55,66894,163],{"class":65},[55,66896,171],{"class":75},[55,66898,322],{"class":65},[55,66900,66901,66903,66905,66907],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,66902,62],{"class":61},[55,66904,66],{"class":65},[55,66906,66798],{"class":318},[55,66908,322],{"class":65},[14,66910,281],{},[46,66912,66913],{"className":48,"code":53575,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,66914,66915],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,66916,66917,66919,66921,66923,66925,66927,66929,66931,66933],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,66918,4186],{"class":65},[55,66920,93],{"class":75},[55,66922,163],{"class":65},[55,66924,166],{"class":75},[55,66926,163],{"class":65},[55,66928,171],{"class":75},[55,66930,163],{"class":65},[55,66932,2759],{"class":75},[55,66934,924],{"class":65},[889,66936,66938],{"id":66937},"insert-past-the-end","Insert past the end",[14,66940,66941],{},"If the index is greater than the list length, Python adds the item at the end.",[46,66943,66945],{"className":48,"code":66944,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"nums = [1, 2, 3]\nnums.insert(10, 4)\nprint(nums)\n",[18,66946,66947,66967,66985],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,66948,66949,66951,66953,66955,66957,66959,66961,66963,66965],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,66950,66777],{"class":902},[55,66952,906],{"class":703},[55,66954,909],{"class":65},[55,66956,93],{"class":75},[55,66958,163],{"class":65},[55,66960,166],{"class":75},[55,66962,163],{"class":65},[55,66964,171],{"class":75},[55,66966,924],{"class":65},[55,66968,66969,66971,66973,66975,66977,66979,66981,66983],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,66970,66798],{"class":902},[55,66972,29],{"class":65},[55,66974,54021],{"class":318},[55,66976,66],{"class":65},[55,66978,376],{"class":75},[55,66980,163],{"class":65},[55,66982,2759],{"class":75},[55,66984,322],{"class":65},[55,66986,66987,66989,66991,66993],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,66988,62],{"class":61},[55,66990,66],{"class":65},[55,66992,66798],{"class":318},[55,66994,322],{"class":65},[14,66996,281],{},[46,66998,66999],{"className":48,"code":53575,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,67000,67001],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,67002,67003,67005,67007,67009,67011,67013,67015,67017,67019],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,67004,4186],{"class":65},[55,67006,93],{"class":75},[55,67008,163],{"class":65},[55,67010,166],{"class":75},[55,67012,163],{"class":65},[55,67014,171],{"class":75},[55,67016,163],{"class":65},[55,67018,2759],{"class":75},[55,67020,924],{"class":65},[889,67022,67024],{"id":67023},"use-a-negative-index","Use a negative index",[14,67026,67027,67028,67030],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. ",[18,67029,54338],{}," places the item before that position.",[46,67032,67034],{"className":48,"code":67033,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"d\"]\nletters.insert(-1, \"c\")\nprint(letters)\n",[18,67035,67036,67068,67092],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,67037,67038,67040,67042,67044,67046,67048,67050,67052,67054,67056,67058,67060,67062,67064,67066],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,67039,36151],{"class":902},[55,67041,906],{"class":703},[55,67043,909],{"class":65},[55,67045,126],{"class":109},[55,67047,294],{"class":129},[55,67049,126],{"class":109},[55,67051,163],{"class":65},[55,67053,793],{"class":109},[55,67055,5046],{"class":129},[55,67057,126],{"class":109},[55,67059,163],{"class":65},[55,67061,793],{"class":109},[55,67063,18818],{"class":129},[55,67065,126],{"class":109},[55,67067,924],{"class":65},[55,67069,67070,67072,67074,67076,67078,67080,67082,67084,67086,67088,67090],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,67071,36204],{"class":902},[55,67073,29],{"class":65},[55,67075,54021],{"class":318},[55,67077,66],{"class":65},[55,67079,704],{"class":703},[55,67081,93],{"class":75},[55,67083,163],{"class":65},[55,67085,793],{"class":109},[55,67087,9777],{"class":129},[55,67089,126],{"class":109},[55,67091,322],{"class":65},[55,67093,67094,67096,67098,67100],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,67095,62],{"class":61},[55,67097,66],{"class":65},[55,67099,36204],{"class":318},[55,67101,322],{"class":65},[14,67103,281],{},[46,67105,67107],{"className":48,"code":67106,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[18,67108,67109],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,67110,67111,67113,67115,67117,67119,67121,67123,67125,67127,67129,67131,67133,67135,67137,67139,67141,67143],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,67112,4186],{"class":65},[55,67114,1923],{"class":109},[55,67116,294],{"class":129},[55,67118,1923],{"class":109},[55,67120,163],{"class":65},[55,67122,1918],{"class":109},[55,67124,5046],{"class":129},[55,67126,1923],{"class":109},[55,67128,163],{"class":65},[55,67130,1918],{"class":109},[55,67132,9777],{"class":129},[55,67134,1923],{"class":109},[55,67136,163],{"class":65},[55,67138,1918],{"class":109},[55,67140,18818],{"class":129},[55,67142,1923],{"class":109},[55,67144,924],{"class":65},[14,67146,67147,67148,2608],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with list positions, the ",[294,67149,67150],{"href":51048},"Python lists beginner guide",[41,67152,67154,10624,67156],{"id":67153},"insert-vs-append",[18,67155,54338],{},[18,67157,52722],{},[14,67159,67160],{},"These methods both add items to a list, but they do different jobs.",[889,67162,212,67164,10640],{"id":67163},"use-insert-when",[18,67165,54338],{},[240,67167,67168,67171],{},[243,67169,67170],{},"You want to add an item at a specific position",[243,67172,67173],{},"The order of the list matters",[889,67175,212,67177,10640],{"id":67176},"use-append-when",[18,67178,52722],{},[240,67180,67181,67184],{},[243,67182,67183],{},"You want to add an item only at the end",[243,67185,67186],{},"You do not need to choose a position",[14,67188,358],{},[46,67190,67192],{"className":48,"code":67191,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [\"apple\", \"orange\"]\n\nitems.insert(1, \"banana\")\nprint(items)\n\nitems.append(\"grape\")\nprint(items)\n",[18,67193,67194,67218,67222,67244,67254,67258,67276],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,67195,67196,67198,67200,67202,67204,67206,67208,67210,67212,67214,67216],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,67197,903],{"class":902},[55,67199,906],{"class":703},[55,67201,909],{"class":65},[55,67203,126],{"class":109},[55,67205,4364],{"class":129},[55,67207,126],{"class":109},[55,67209,163],{"class":65},[55,67211,793],{"class":109},[55,67213,33278],{"class":129},[55,67215,126],{"class":109},[55,67217,924],{"class":65},[55,67219,67220],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,67221,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,67223,67224,67226,67228,67230,67232,67234,67236,67238,67240,67242],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,67225,937],{"class":902},[55,67227,29],{"class":65},[55,67229,54021],{"class":318},[55,67231,66],{"class":65},[55,67233,93],{"class":75},[55,67235,163],{"class":65},[55,67237,793],{"class":109},[55,67239,4373],{"class":129},[55,67241,126],{"class":109},[55,67243,322],{"class":65},[55,67245,67246,67248,67250,67252],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,67247,62],{"class":61},[55,67249,66],{"class":65},[55,67251,937],{"class":318},[55,67253,322],{"class":65},[55,67255,67256],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,67257,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,67259,67260,67262,67264,67266,67268,67270,67272,67274],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,67261,937],{"class":902},[55,67263,29],{"class":65},[55,67265,13599],{"class":318},[55,67267,66],{"class":65},[55,67269,126],{"class":109},[55,67271,22585],{"class":129},[55,67273,126],{"class":109},[55,67275,322],{"class":65},[55,67277,67278,67280,67282,67284],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,67279,62],{"class":61},[55,67281,66],{"class":65},[55,67283,937],{"class":318},[55,67285,322],{"class":65},[14,67287,281],{},[46,67289,67291],{"className":48,"code":67290,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[18,67292,67293,67321],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,67294,67295,67297,67299,67301,67303,67305,67307,67309,67311,67313,67315,67317,67319],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,67296,4186],{"class":65},[55,67298,1923],{"class":109},[55,67300,4364],{"class":129},[55,67302,1923],{"class":109},[55,67304,163],{"class":65},[55,67306,1918],{"class":109},[55,67308,4373],{"class":129},[55,67310,1923],{"class":109},[55,67312,163],{"class":65},[55,67314,1918],{"class":109},[55,67316,33278],{"class":129},[55,67318,1923],{"class":109},[55,67320,924],{"class":65},[55,67322,67323,67325,67327,67329,67331,67333,67335,67337,67339,67341,67343,67345,67347,67349,67351,67353,67355],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,67324,4186],{"class":65},[55,67326,1923],{"class":109},[55,67328,4364],{"class":129},[55,67330,1923],{"class":109},[55,67332,163],{"class":65},[55,67334,1918],{"class":109},[55,67336,4373],{"class":129},[55,67338,1923],{"class":109},[55,67340,163],{"class":65},[55,67342,1918],{"class":109},[55,67344,33278],{"class":129},[55,67346,1923],{"class":109},[55,67348,163],{"class":65},[55,67350,1918],{"class":109},[55,67352,22585],{"class":129},[55,67354,1923],{"class":109},[55,67356,924],{"class":65},[14,67358,67359,67360,29],{},"For the full method details, see the ",[294,67361,55590,67362,10780],{"href":56839},[18,67363,52722],{},[14,67365,67366,67367,29],{},"If your goal is the task itself rather than the method details, see ",[294,67368,53119],{"href":53118},[41,67370,4803],{"id":4802},[14,67372,14780,67373,29],{},[18,67374,54338],{},[889,67376,12638,67378],{"id":67377},"assigning-the-result-of-insert",[18,67379,54338],{},[14,67381,25744],{},[46,67383,67385],{"className":48,"code":67384,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,67386,67387,67407,67429,67433,67443],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,67388,67389,67391,67393,67395,67397,67399,67401,67403,67405],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,67390,1168],{"class":902},[55,67392,906],{"class":703},[55,67394,909],{"class":65},[55,67396,93],{"class":75},[55,67398,163],{"class":65},[55,67400,166],{"class":75},[55,67402,163],{"class":65},[55,67404,171],{"class":75},[55,67406,924],{"class":65},[55,67408,67409,67411,67413,67415,67417,67419,67421,67423,67425,67427],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,67410,2534],{"class":902},[55,67412,906],{"class":703},[55,67414,1196],{"class":902},[55,67416,29],{"class":65},[55,67418,54021],{"class":318},[55,67420,66],{"class":65},[55,67422,93],{"class":75},[55,67424,163],{"class":65},[55,67426,10235],{"class":75},[55,67428,322],{"class":65},[55,67430,67431],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,67432,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,67434,67435,67437,67439,67441],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,67436,62],{"class":61},[55,67438,66],{"class":65},[55,67440,2569],{"class":318},[55,67442,322],{"class":65},[55,67444,67445,67447,67449,67451],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,67446,62],{"class":61},[55,67448,66],{"class":65},[55,67450,332],{"class":318},[55,67452,322],{"class":65},[14,67454,281],{},[46,67456,67458],{"className":48,"code":67457,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"None\n[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[18,67459,67460,67464],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,67461,67462],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,67463,11851],{"class":187},[55,67465,67466,67468,67470,67472,67474,67476,67478,67480,67482],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,67467,4186],{"class":65},[55,67469,93],{"class":75},[55,67471,163],{"class":65},[55,67473,10235],{"class":75},[55,67475,163],{"class":65},[55,67477,166],{"class":75},[55,67479,163],{"class":65},[55,67481,171],{"class":75},[55,67483,924],{"class":65},[14,67485,67486,54223,67488,29],{},[18,67487,54338],{},[18,67489,481],{},[14,67491,16692],{},[46,67493,67495],{"className":48,"code":67494,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"new_list = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[18,67496,67497],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,67498,67499,67501,67503,67505,67507,67509,67511,67513,67515,67517],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,67500,55960],{"class":902},[55,67502,906],{"class":703},[55,67504,1196],{"class":902},[55,67506,29],{"class":65},[55,67508,54021],{"class":318},[55,67510,66],{"class":65},[55,67512,93],{"class":75},[55,67514,163],{"class":65},[55,67516,10235],{"class":75},[55,67518,322],{"class":65},[14,67520,67521],{},"Right:",[46,67523,67525],{"className":48,"code":67524,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[18,67526,67527],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,67528,67529,67531,67533,67535,67537,67539,67541,67543],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,67530,332],{"class":902},[55,67532,29],{"class":65},[55,67534,54021],{"class":318},[55,67536,66],{"class":65},[55,67538,93],{"class":75},[55,67540,163],{"class":65},[55,67542,10235],{"class":75},[55,67544,322],{"class":65},[889,67546,67548],{"id":67547},"passing-arguments-in-the-wrong-order","Passing arguments in the wrong order",[14,67550,67551],{},"The correct order is:",[46,67553,67554],{"className":48,"code":66407,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,67555,67556],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,67557,67558,67560,67562,67564,67566,67568,67570,67572],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,67559,1477],{"class":902},[55,67561,29],{"class":65},[55,67563,54021],{"class":318},[55,67565,66],{"class":65},[55,67567,35906],{"class":318},[55,67569,163],{"class":65},[55,67571,29562],{"class":318},[55,67573,322],{"class":65},[14,67575,67576],{},"Not:",[46,67578,67580],{"className":48,"code":67579,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_list.insert(item, index)\n",[18,67581,67582],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,67583,67584,67586,67588,67590,67592,67594,67596,67598],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,67585,1477],{"class":902},[55,67587,29],{"class":65},[55,67589,54021],{"class":318},[55,67591,66],{"class":65},[55,67593,23363],{"class":318},[55,67595,163],{"class":65},[55,67597,35881],{"class":318},[55,67599,322],{"class":65},[14,67601,358],{},[46,67603,67604],{"className":48,"code":66449,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,67605,67606,67630,67652],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,67607,67608,67610,67612,67614,67616,67618,67620,67622,67624,67626,67628],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,67609,36151],{"class":902},[55,67611,906],{"class":703},[55,67613,909],{"class":65},[55,67615,126],{"class":109},[55,67617,294],{"class":129},[55,67619,126],{"class":109},[55,67621,163],{"class":65},[55,67623,793],{"class":109},[55,67625,9777],{"class":129},[55,67627,126],{"class":109},[55,67629,924],{"class":65},[55,67631,67632,67634,67636,67638,67640,67642,67644,67646,67648,67650],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,67633,36204],{"class":902},[55,67635,29],{"class":65},[55,67637,54021],{"class":318},[55,67639,66],{"class":65},[55,67641,93],{"class":75},[55,67643,163],{"class":65},[55,67645,793],{"class":109},[55,67647,5046],{"class":129},[55,67649,126],{"class":109},[55,67651,322],{"class":65},[55,67653,67654,67656,67658,67660],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,67655,62],{"class":61},[55,67657,66],{"class":65},[55,67659,36204],{"class":318},[55,67661,322],{"class":65},[14,67663,281],{},[46,67665,67666],{"className":48,"code":42941,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,67667,67668],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,67669,67670,67672,67674,67676,67678,67680,67682,67684,67686,67688,67690,67692,67694],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,67671,4186],{"class":65},[55,67673,1923],{"class":109},[55,67675,294],{"class":129},[55,67677,1923],{"class":109},[55,67679,163],{"class":65},[55,67681,1918],{"class":109},[55,67683,5046],{"class":129},[55,67685,1923],{"class":109},[55,67687,163],{"class":65},[55,67689,1918],{"class":109},[55,67691,9777],{"class":129},[55,67693,1923],{"class":109},[55,67695,924],{"class":65},[889,67697,1595,67699,67701],{"id":67698},"expecting-insert-to-replace-an-item",[18,67700,54338],{}," to replace an item",[14,67703,67704,67706],{},[18,67705,54338],{}," does not replace an existing value. It shifts items to the right.",[46,67708,67710],{"className":48,"code":67709,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.insert(1, 99)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,67711,67712,67732,67750],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,67713,67714,67716,67718,67720,67722,67724,67726,67728,67730],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,67715,1168],{"class":902},[55,67717,906],{"class":703},[55,67719,909],{"class":65},[55,67721,93],{"class":75},[55,67723,163],{"class":65},[55,67725,166],{"class":75},[55,67727,163],{"class":65},[55,67729,171],{"class":75},[55,67731,924],{"class":65},[55,67733,67734,67736,67738,67740,67742,67744,67746,67748],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,67735,332],{"class":902},[55,67737,29],{"class":65},[55,67739,54021],{"class":318},[55,67741,66],{"class":65},[55,67743,93],{"class":75},[55,67745,163],{"class":65},[55,67747,10235],{"class":75},[55,67749,322],{"class":65},[55,67751,67752,67754,67756,67758],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,67753,62],{"class":61},[55,67755,66],{"class":65},[55,67757,332],{"class":318},[55,67759,322],{"class":65},[14,67761,281],{},[46,67763,67765],{"className":48,"code":67764,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[18,67766,67767],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,67768,67769,67771,67773,67775,67777,67779,67781,67783,67785],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,67770,4186],{"class":65},[55,67772,93],{"class":75},[55,67774,163],{"class":65},[55,67776,10235],{"class":75},[55,67778,163],{"class":65},[55,67780,166],{"class":75},[55,67782,163],{"class":65},[55,67784,171],{"class":75},[55,67786,924],{"class":65},[14,67788,67789],{},"If you want to replace a value instead, use assignment:",[46,67791,67793],{"className":48,"code":67792,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers[1] = 99\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,67794,67795,67815,67829],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,67796,67797,67799,67801,67803,67805,67807,67809,67811,67813],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,67798,1168],{"class":902},[55,67800,906],{"class":703},[55,67802,909],{"class":65},[55,67804,93],{"class":75},[55,67806,163],{"class":65},[55,67808,166],{"class":75},[55,67810,163],{"class":65},[55,67812,171],{"class":75},[55,67814,924],{"class":65},[55,67816,67817,67819,67821,67823,67825,67827],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,67818,332],{"class":902},[55,67820,4186],{"class":65},[55,67822,93],{"class":75},[55,67824,13319],{"class":65},[55,67826,13322],{"class":703},[55,67828,14177],{"class":75},[55,67830,67831,67833,67835,67837],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,67832,62],{"class":61},[55,67834,66],{"class":65},[55,67836,332],{"class":318},[55,67838,322],{"class":65},[14,67840,281],{},[46,67842,67844],{"className":48,"code":67843,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[1, 99, 3]\n",[18,67845,67846],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,67847,67848,67850,67852,67854,67856,67858,67860],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,67849,4186],{"class":65},[55,67851,93],{"class":75},[55,67853,163],{"class":65},[55,67855,10235],{"class":75},[55,67857,163],{"class":65},[55,67859,171],{"class":75},[55,67861,924],{"class":65},[889,67863,67865],{"id":67864},"trying-to-insert-multiple-items-at-once","Trying to insert multiple items at once",[14,67867,67868,67870],{},[18,67869,54338],{}," adds one item each time.",[14,67872,67873],{},"This inserts a single list as one item:",[46,67875,67877],{"className":48,"code":67876,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 4]\nnumbers.insert(1, [2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,67878,67879,67895,67919],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,67880,67881,67883,67885,67887,67889,67891,67893],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,67882,1168],{"class":902},[55,67884,906],{"class":703},[55,67886,909],{"class":65},[55,67888,93],{"class":75},[55,67890,163],{"class":65},[55,67892,2759],{"class":75},[55,67894,924],{"class":65},[55,67896,67897,67899,67901,67903,67905,67907,67909,67911,67913,67915,67917],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,67898,332],{"class":902},[55,67900,29],{"class":65},[55,67902,54021],{"class":318},[55,67904,66],{"class":65},[55,67906,93],{"class":75},[55,67908,163],{"class":65},[55,67910,909],{"class":65},[55,67912,707],{"class":75},[55,67914,163],{"class":65},[55,67916,171],{"class":75},[55,67918,4174],{"class":65},[55,67920,67921,67923,67925,67927],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,67922,62],{"class":61},[55,67924,66],{"class":65},[55,67926,332],{"class":318},[55,67928,322],{"class":65},[14,67930,281],{},[46,67932,67934],{"className":48,"code":67933,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[1, [2, 3], 4]\n",[18,67935,67936],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,67937,67938,67940,67942,67944,67946,67948,67950,67952,67954,67956],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,67939,4186],{"class":65},[55,67941,93],{"class":75},[55,67943,163],{"class":65},[55,67945,909],{"class":65},[55,67947,707],{"class":75},[55,67949,163],{"class":65},[55,67951,171],{"class":75},[55,67953,18112],{"class":65},[55,67955,2759],{"class":75},[55,67957,924],{"class":65},[14,67959,67960,67961,29],{},"If you want to add many items, see the ",[294,67962,55590,67963,10780],{"href":53414},[18,67964,53516],{},[889,67966,67968],{"id":67967},"helpful-checks-while-debugging","Helpful checks while debugging",[14,67970,2029,67971,67973],{},[18,67972,54338],{}," is not doing what you expect, these can help:",[46,67975,67977],{"className":48,"code":67976,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.insert.__doc__)\nhelp(list.insert)\ntype(my_list)\n",[18,67978,67979,67989,68003,68021,68035],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,67980,67981,67983,67985,67987],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,67982,62],{"class":61},[55,67984,66],{"class":65},[55,67986,1477],{"class":318},[55,67988,322],{"class":65},[55,67990,67991,67993,67995,67997,67999,68001],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,67992,62],{"class":61},[55,67994,66],{"class":65},[55,67996,11202],{"class":61},[55,67998,66],{"class":65},[55,68000,1477],{"class":318},[55,68002,79],{"class":65},[55,68004,68005,68007,68009,68011,68013,68015,68017,68019],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,68006,62],{"class":61},[55,68008,66],{"class":65},[55,68010,1477],{"class":318},[55,68012,29],{"class":65},[55,68014,54021],{"class":24803},[55,68016,29],{"class":65},[55,68018,34504],{"class":34511},[55,68020,322],{"class":65},[55,68022,68023,68025,68027,68029,68031,68033],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,68024,32209],{"class":61},[55,68026,66],{"class":65},[55,68028,1229],{"class":69},[55,68030,29],{"class":65},[55,68032,54021],{"class":24803},[55,68034,322],{"class":65},[55,68036,68037,68039,68041,68043],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,68038,1879],{"class":69},[55,68040,66],{"class":65},[55,68042,1477],{"class":318},[55,68044,322],{"class":65},[14,68046,68047],{},"These checks can help you confirm:",[240,68049,68050,68053,68056,68059],{},[243,68051,68052],{},"What is currently in the list",[243,68054,68055],{},"How long the list is",[243,68057,68058],{},"That you are working with a real list",[243,68060,68061],{},"How Python describes the method",[41,68063,5247,68065],{"id":68064},"when-to-use-insert",[18,68066,54338],{},[14,68068,212,68069,68071],{},[18,68070,54338],{}," when position matters.",[14,68073,36487],{},[240,68075,68076,68079,68082,68085],{},[243,68077,68078],{},"Ordered menus",[243,68080,68081],{},"Rankings or score lists",[243,68083,68084],{},"Step-by-step manual list building",[243,68086,68087],{},"Inserting a value at the beginning or middle",[14,68089,68090,68091,68093,68094,68096,68097,68099],{},"You usually do ",[435,68092,4916],{}," need ",[18,68095,54338],{}," when adding only to the end of a list. In that case, ",[18,68098,52722],{}," is simpler.",[14,68101,68102,68103,29],{},"If you need a refresher on making lists before using methods on them, see ",[294,68104,57225],{"href":57224},[41,68106,2139],{"id":2138},[889,68108,12748,68110,55539],{"id":68109},"does-listinsert-return-a-new-list",[18,68111,53981],{},[14,68113,68114,68115,29],{},"No. It changes the existing list and returns ",[18,68116,481],{},[889,68118,68120],{"id":68119},"what-happens-if-the-index-is-bigger-than-the-list-length","What happens if the index is bigger than the list length?",[14,68122,68123],{},"Python adds the item at the end of the list.",[889,68125,5456,68127,68129],{"id":68126},"can-listinsert-add-multiple-items",[18,68128,53981],{}," add multiple items?",[14,68131,68132,68133,68135],{},"It adds one item each time. To add many items, use ",[18,68134,53516],{}," or slicing.",[889,68137,5466,68139,4679,68141,2794],{"id":68138},"what-is-the-difference-between-insert-and-append",[18,68140,54338],{},[18,68142,52722],{},[14,68144,68145,68147,68148,68150],{},[18,68146,54338],{}," adds at a chosen position. ",[18,68149,52722],{}," adds only at the end.",[41,68152,2193],{"id":2192},[240,68154,68155,68161,68167,68171,68175,68179],{},[243,68156,68157],{},[294,68158,55590,68159,10780],{"href":56839},[18,68160,52722],{},[243,68162,68163],{},[294,68164,55590,68165,10780],{"href":53414},[18,68166,53516],{},[243,68168,68169],{},[294,68170,54348],{"href":53118},[243,68172,68173],{},[294,68174,52841],{"href":51048},[243,68176,68177],{},[294,68178,57299],{"href":57224},[243,68180,68181],{},[294,68182,30403,68183,33691],{"href":54366},[18,68184,68185],{},"'list' object has no attribute ...",[2226,68187,68188],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":68190},[68191,68193,68194,68195,68201,68208,68217,68219,68228],{"id":66376,"depth":82,"text":68192},"What list.insert() does",{"id":5714,"depth":82,"text":5715},{"id":6064,"depth":82,"text":6065},{"id":66748,"depth":82,"text":66749,"children":68196},[68197,68198,68199,68200],{"id":66760,"depth":98,"text":66761},{"id":66851,"depth":98,"text":66852},{"id":66937,"depth":98,"text":66938},{"id":67023,"depth":98,"text":67024},{"id":67153,"depth":82,"text":68202,"children":68203},"insert() vs append()",[68204,68206],{"id":67163,"depth":98,"text":68205},"Use insert() when:",{"id":67176,"depth":98,"text":68207},"Use append() when:",{"id":4802,"depth":82,"text":4803,"children":68209},[68210,68212,68213,68215,68216],{"id":67377,"depth":98,"text":68211},"Assigning the result of insert()",{"id":67547,"depth":98,"text":67548},{"id":67698,"depth":98,"text":68214},"Expecting insert() to replace an item",{"id":67864,"depth":98,"text":67865},{"id":67967,"depth":98,"text":67968},{"id":68064,"depth":82,"text":68218},"When to use insert()",{"id":2138,"depth":82,"text":2139,"children":68220},[68221,68223,68224,68226],{"id":68109,"depth":98,"text":68222},"Does list.insert() return a new list?",{"id":68119,"depth":98,"text":68120},{"id":68126,"depth":98,"text":68225},"Can list.insert() add multiple items?",{"id":68138,"depth":98,"text":68227},"What is the difference between insert() and append()?",{"id":2192,"depth":82,"text":2193},"Master python list insert method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method",{"title":66286,"description":68229},"reference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method","x_dK_NYzoYQLOwms5BtRdF_-FqYStoiPzy7EKR6Cd44",{"id":68236,"title":68237,"body":68238,"description":69793,"extension":2267,"meta":69794,"navigation":1121,"path":59044,"seo":69795,"stem":69796,"__hash__":69797},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len.md","Python List Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":68239,"toc":69766},[68240,68246,68255,68304,68306,68314,68320,68322,68340,68346,68351,68354,68357,68372,68374,68426,68428,68436,68444,68451,68453,68459,68524,68526,68534,68536,68555,68558,68609,68613,68618,68645,68647,68655,68658,68727,68729,68744,68750,68754,68763,68766,68821,68823,68831,68834,68836,68881,68883,68891,68897,68899,68907,68910,68912,68951,68953,68992,68997,68999,69001,69036,69039,69041,69079,69083,69089,69091,69142,69144,69152,69159,69162,69183,69186,69241,69252,69254,69315,69317,69326,69333,69339,69342,69345,69402,69405,69418,69425,69431,69437,69439,69452,69455,69552,69554,69571,69574,69656,69658,69680,69687,69693,69695,69699,69705,69711,69716,69720,69723,69729,69736,69738,69763],[10,68241,68243,68244,3953],{"id":68242},"python-list-length-len","Python List Length (",[18,68245,11202],{},[14,68247,68248,68249,68251,68252,68254],{},"Learn how to get the number of items in a Python list using ",[18,68250,42426],{},". This page focuses on the basic use of ",[18,68253,42426],{}," with lists, common beginner mistakes, and simple examples.",[46,68256,68258],{"className":48,"code":68257,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\ncount = len(numbers)\nprint(count)\n",[18,68259,68260,68280,68294],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,68261,68262,68264,68266,68268,68270,68272,68274,68276,68278],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,68263,1168],{"class":902},[55,68265,906],{"class":703},[55,68267,909],{"class":65},[55,68269,376],{"class":75},[55,68271,163],{"class":65},[55,68273,916],{"class":75},[55,68275,163],{"class":65},[55,68277,921],{"class":75},[55,68279,924],{"class":65},[55,68281,68282,68284,68286,68288,68290,68292],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,68283,41306],{"class":902},[55,68285,906],{"class":703},[55,68287,38449],{"class":61},[55,68289,66],{"class":65},[55,68291,332],{"class":318},[55,68293,322],{"class":65},[55,68295,68296,68298,68300,68302],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,68297,62],{"class":61},[55,68299,66],{"class":65},[55,68301,41324],{"class":318},[55,68303,322],{"class":65},[14,68305,281],{},[46,68307,68308],{"className":48,"code":46684,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,68309,68310],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,68311,68312],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,68313,46684],{"class":75},[14,68315,212,68316,68319],{},[18,68317,68318],{},"len(list_name)"," to get how many items are in a list.",[41,68321,15210],{"id":15209},[240,68323,68324,68329,68334,68337],{},[243,68325,4484,68326,68328],{},[18,68327,42426],{}," works with Python lists",[243,68330,68331,68332,11748],{},"What value ",[18,68333,42426],{},[243,68335,68336],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty lists",[243,68338,68339],{},"Common mistakes beginners make",[41,68341,3970,68343,68345],{"id":68342},"what-len-returns-for-a-list",[18,68344,42426],{}," returns for a list",[14,68347,68348,65158],{},[18,68349,68350],{},"len(my_list)",[14,68352,68353],{},"That integer is the number of items in the list.",[14,68355,68356],{},"A few important points:",[240,68358,68359,68362,68367],{},[243,68360,68361],{},"It counts list items",[243,68363,40970,68364,68366],{},[435,68365,4916],{}," count characters inside a string item",[243,68368,68369,68370],{},"An empty list returns ",[18,68371,76],{},[14,68373,358],{},[46,68375,68377],{"className":48,"code":68376,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(len(words))\n",[18,68378,68379,68412],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,68380,68381,68383,68385,68387,68389,68391,68393,68395,68397,68400,68402,68404,68406,68408,68410],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,68382,4355],{"class":902},[55,68384,906],{"class":703},[55,68386,909],{"class":65},[55,68388,126],{"class":109},[55,68390,37109],{"class":129},[55,68392,126],{"class":109},[55,68394,163],{"class":65},[55,68396,793],{"class":109},[55,68398,68399],{"class":129},"elephant",[55,68401,126],{"class":109},[55,68403,163],{"class":65},[55,68405,793],{"class":109},[55,68407,58198],{"class":129},[55,68409,126],{"class":109},[55,68411,924],{"class":65},[55,68413,68414,68416,68418,68420,68422,68424],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,68415,62],{"class":61},[55,68417,66],{"class":65},[55,68419,11202],{"class":61},[55,68421,66],{"class":65},[55,68423,4399],{"class":318},[55,68425,79],{"class":65},[14,68427,281],{},[46,68429,68430],{"className":48,"code":46684,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,68431,68432],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,68433,68434],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,68435,46684],{"class":75},[14,68437,21029,68438,68441,68442,65165],{},[18,68439,68440],{},"\"elephant\""," has many characters, it still counts as just ",[435,68443,52726],{},[14,68445,68446,68447,29],{},"If you want a broader explanation of the function itself, see ",[294,68448,3871,68449,3804],{"href":42423},[18,68450,42426],{},[41,68452,6065],{"id":6064},[14,68454,68455,68456,68458],{},"Create a list, pass it to ",[18,68457,42426],{},", and print the result.",[46,68460,68462],{"className":48,"code":68461,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncount = len(colors)\n\nprint(count)\n",[18,68463,68464,68496,68510,68514],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,68465,68466,68468,68470,68472,68474,68476,68478,68480,68482,68484,68486,68488,68490,68492,68494],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,68467,13121],{"class":902},[55,68469,906],{"class":703},[55,68471,909],{"class":65},[55,68473,126],{"class":109},[55,68475,13138],{"class":129},[55,68477,126],{"class":109},[55,68479,163],{"class":65},[55,68481,793],{"class":109},[55,68483,17505],{"class":129},[55,68485,126],{"class":109},[55,68487,163],{"class":65},[55,68489,793],{"class":109},[55,68491,13155],{"class":129},[55,68493,126],{"class":109},[55,68495,924],{"class":65},[55,68497,68498,68500,68502,68504,68506,68508],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,68499,41306],{"class":902},[55,68501,906],{"class":703},[55,68503,38449],{"class":61},[55,68505,66],{"class":65},[55,68507,17552],{"class":318},[55,68509,322],{"class":65},[55,68511,68512],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,68513,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,68515,68516,68518,68520,68522],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,68517,62],{"class":61},[55,68519,66],{"class":65},[55,68521,41324],{"class":318},[55,68523,322],{"class":65},[14,68525,281],{},[46,68527,68528],{"className":48,"code":46684,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,68529,68530],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,68531,68532],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,68533,46684],{"class":75},[14,68535,11726],{},[240,68537,68538,68543,68550],{},[243,68539,68540,68542],{},[18,68541,17552],{}," is a list with 3 items",[243,68544,68545,1265,68548],{},[18,68546,68547],{},"len(colors)",[18,68549,2366],{},[243,68551,68552,68553],{},"That value is stored in ",[18,68554,41324],{},[14,68556,68557],{},"You can also print the result directly:",[46,68559,68561],{"className":48,"code":68560,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))\n",[18,68562,68563,68595],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,68564,68565,68567,68569,68571,68573,68575,68577,68579,68581,68583,68585,68587,68589,68591,68593],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,68566,13121],{"class":902},[55,68568,906],{"class":703},[55,68570,909],{"class":65},[55,68572,126],{"class":109},[55,68574,13138],{"class":129},[55,68576,126],{"class":109},[55,68578,163],{"class":65},[55,68580,793],{"class":109},[55,68582,17505],{"class":129},[55,68584,126],{"class":109},[55,68586,163],{"class":65},[55,68588,793],{"class":109},[55,68590,13155],{"class":129},[55,68592,126],{"class":109},[55,68594,924],{"class":65},[55,68596,68597,68599,68601,68603,68605,68607],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,68598,62],{"class":61},[55,68600,66],{"class":65},[55,68602,11202],{"class":61},[55,68604,66],{"class":65},[55,68606,17552],{"class":318},[55,68608,79],{"class":65},[41,68610,68612],{"id":68611},"empty-list-example","Empty list example",[14,68614,68615,68616,29],{},"An empty list has no items, so its length is ",[18,68617,76],{},[46,68619,68621],{"className":48,"code":68620,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = []\nprint(len(items))\n",[18,68622,68623,68631],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,68624,68625,68627,68629],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,68626,903],{"class":902},[55,68628,906],{"class":703},[55,68630,966],{"class":65},[55,68632,68633,68635,68637,68639,68641,68643],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,68634,62],{"class":61},[55,68636,66],{"class":65},[55,68638,11202],{"class":61},[55,68640,66],{"class":65},[55,68642,937],{"class":318},[55,68644,79],{"class":65},[14,68646,281],{},[46,68648,68649],{"className":48,"code":47319,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,68650,68651],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,68652,68653],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,68654,47319],{"class":75},[14,68656,68657],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a list has anything in it before using an index.",[46,68659,68661],{"className":48,"code":68660,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = []\n\nif len(items) > 0:\n    print(items[0])\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[18,68662,68663,68671,68675,68693,68707,68713],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,68664,68665,68667,68669],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,68666,903],{"class":902},[55,68668,906],{"class":703},[55,68670,966],{"class":65},[55,68672,68673],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,68674,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,68676,68677,68679,68681,68683,68685,68687,68689,68691],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,68678,38],{"class":1193},[55,68680,38449],{"class":61},[55,68682,66],{"class":65},[55,68684,937],{"class":318},[55,68686,3953],{"class":65},[55,68688,38459],{"class":703},[55,68690,4121],{"class":75},[55,68692,1199],{"class":65},[55,68694,68695,68697,68699,68701,68703,68705],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,68696,1204],{"class":61},[55,68698,66],{"class":65},[55,68700,937],{"class":318},[55,68702,4186],{"class":65},[55,68704,76],{"class":75},[55,68706,4174],{"class":65},[55,68708,68709,68711],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,68710,27488],{"class":1193},[55,68712,1199],{"class":65},[55,68714,68715,68717,68719,68721,68723,68725],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,68716,1204],{"class":61},[55,68718,66],{"class":65},[55,68720,126],{"class":109},[55,68722,51885],{"class":129},[55,68724,126],{"class":109},[55,68726,322],{"class":65},[14,68728,281],{},[46,68730,68732],{"className":48,"code":68731,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"The list is empty\n",[18,68733,68734],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,68735,68736,68738,68740,68742],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,68737,16],{"class":902},[55,68739,1229],{"class":69},[55,68741,1232],{"class":703},[55,68743,1238],{"class":902},[14,68745,68746,68747,68749],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, ",[294,68748,52841],{"href":51048}," is a good next step.",[41,68751,68753],{"id":68752},"nested-lists","Nested lists",[14,68755,68756,68758,68759,68762],{},[18,68757,42426],{}," counts only the ",[435,68760,68761],{},"top-level items"," in a list.",[14,68764,68765],{},"A nested list counts as one item.",[46,68767,68769],{"className":48,"code":68768,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\nprint(len(data))\n",[18,68770,68771,68807],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,68772,68773,68775,68777,68779,68781,68783,68785,68787,68789,68791,68793,68795,68797,68799,68801,68803,68805],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,68774,9202],{"class":902},[55,68776,906],{"class":703},[55,68778,56364],{"class":65},[55,68780,93],{"class":75},[55,68782,163],{"class":65},[55,68784,166],{"class":75},[55,68786,18112],{"class":65},[55,68788,909],{"class":65},[55,68790,2366],{"class":75},[55,68792,163],{"class":65},[55,68794,2759],{"class":75},[55,68796,18112],{"class":65},[55,68798,909],{"class":65},[55,68800,688],{"class":75},[55,68802,163],{"class":65},[55,68804,37706],{"class":75},[55,68806,53312],{"class":65},[55,68808,68809,68811,68813,68815,68817,68819],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,68810,62],{"class":61},[55,68812,66],{"class":65},[55,68814,11202],{"class":61},[55,68816,66],{"class":65},[55,68818,9241],{"class":318},[55,68820,79],{"class":65},[14,68822,281],{},[46,68824,68825],{"className":48,"code":46684,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,68826,68827],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,68828,68829],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,68830,46684],{"class":75},[14,68832,68833],{},"Here, the list contains 3 items, and each item is itself a list.",[14,68835,52149],{},[46,68837,68839],{"className":48,"code":68838,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"mixed = [1, [2, 3], 4]\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[18,68840,68841,68867],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,68842,68843,68845,68847,68849,68851,68853,68855,68857,68859,68861,68863,68865],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,68844,59544],{"class":902},[55,68846,906],{"class":703},[55,68848,909],{"class":65},[55,68850,93],{"class":75},[55,68852,163],{"class":65},[55,68854,909],{"class":65},[55,68856,707],{"class":75},[55,68858,163],{"class":65},[55,68860,171],{"class":75},[55,68862,18112],{"class":65},[55,68864,2759],{"class":75},[55,68866,924],{"class":65},[55,68868,68869,68871,68873,68875,68877,68879],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,68870,62],{"class":61},[55,68872,66],{"class":65},[55,68874,11202],{"class":61},[55,68876,66],{"class":65},[55,68878,59597],{"class":318},[55,68880,79],{"class":65},[14,68882,281],{},[46,68884,68885],{"className":48,"code":46684,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,68886,68887],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,68888,68889],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,68890,46684],{"class":75},[14,68892,21029,68893,68896],{},[18,68894,68895],{},"[2, 3]"," contains 2 values, it is still only one item in the outer list.",[41,68898,4803],{"id":4802},[889,68900,1556,68902,11132,68905],{"id":68901},"using-my_listlen-instead-of-lenmy_list",[18,68903,68904],{},"my_list.len()",[18,68906,68350],{},[14,68908,68909],{},"This is a very common mistake.",[14,68911,16692],{},[46,68913,68915],{"className":48,"code":68914,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.len())\n",[18,68916,68917,68937],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,68918,68919,68921,68923,68925,68927,68929,68931,68933,68935],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,68920,1168],{"class":902},[55,68922,906],{"class":703},[55,68924,909],{"class":65},[55,68926,376],{"class":75},[55,68928,163],{"class":65},[55,68930,916],{"class":75},[55,68932,163],{"class":65},[55,68934,921],{"class":75},[55,68936,924],{"class":65},[55,68938,68939,68941,68943,68945,68947,68949],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,68940,62],{"class":61},[55,68942,66],{"class":65},[55,68944,332],{"class":318},[55,68946,29],{"class":65},[55,68948,11202],{"class":318},[55,68950,278],{"class":65},[14,68952,16704],{},[46,68954,68956],{"className":48,"code":68955,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[18,68957,68958,68978],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,68959,68960,68962,68964,68966,68968,68970,68972,68974,68976],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,68961,1168],{"class":902},[55,68963,906],{"class":703},[55,68965,909],{"class":65},[55,68967,376],{"class":75},[55,68969,163],{"class":65},[55,68971,916],{"class":75},[55,68973,163],{"class":65},[55,68975,921],{"class":75},[55,68977,924],{"class":65},[55,68979,68980,68982,68984,68986,68988,68990],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,68981,62],{"class":61},[55,68983,66],{"class":65},[55,68985,11202],{"class":61},[55,68987,66],{"class":65},[55,68989,332],{"class":318},[55,68991,79],{"class":65},[14,68993,68994,68996],{},[18,68995,42426],{}," is a built-in function. It is not a list method.",[889,68998,25741],{"id":25740},[14,69000,16692],{},[46,69002,69004],{"className":48,"code":69003,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len)\n",[18,69005,69006,69026],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,69007,69008,69010,69012,69014,69016,69018,69020,69022,69024],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,69009,1168],{"class":902},[55,69011,906],{"class":703},[55,69013,909],{"class":65},[55,69015,376],{"class":75},[55,69017,163],{"class":65},[55,69019,916],{"class":75},[55,69021,163],{"class":65},[55,69023,921],{"class":75},[55,69025,924],{"class":65},[55,69027,69028,69030,69032,69034],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,69029,62],{"class":61},[55,69031,66],{"class":65},[55,69033,11202],{"class":61},[55,69035,322],{"class":65},[14,69037,69038],{},"This prints the function itself, not the list length.",[14,69040,16704],{},[46,69042,69043],{"className":48,"code":68955,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,69044,69045,69065],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,69046,69047,69049,69051,69053,69055,69057,69059,69061,69063],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,69048,1168],{"class":902},[55,69050,906],{"class":703},[55,69052,909],{"class":65},[55,69054,376],{"class":75},[55,69056,163],{"class":65},[55,69058,916],{"class":75},[55,69060,163],{"class":65},[55,69062,921],{"class":75},[55,69064,924],{"class":65},[55,69066,69067,69069,69071,69073,69075,69077],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,69068,62],{"class":61},[55,69070,66],{"class":65},[55,69072,11202],{"class":61},[55,69074,66],{"class":65},[55,69076,332],{"class":318},[55,69078,79],{"class":65},[889,69080,69082],{"id":69081},"confusing-length-with-the-last-index","Confusing length with the last index",[14,69084,69085,69086,69088],{},"The length of a list is ",[435,69087,4916],{}," the same as the last index.",[14,69090,358],{},[46,69092,69094],{"className":48,"code":69093,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(len(letters))\n",[18,69095,69096,69128],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,69097,69098,69100,69102,69104,69106,69108,69110,69112,69114,69116,69118,69120,69122,69124,69126],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,69099,36151],{"class":902},[55,69101,906],{"class":703},[55,69103,909],{"class":65},[55,69105,126],{"class":109},[55,69107,294],{"class":129},[55,69109,126],{"class":109},[55,69111,163],{"class":65},[55,69113,793],{"class":109},[55,69115,5046],{"class":129},[55,69117,126],{"class":109},[55,69119,163],{"class":65},[55,69121,793],{"class":109},[55,69123,9777],{"class":129},[55,69125,126],{"class":109},[55,69127,924],{"class":65},[55,69129,69130,69132,69134,69136,69138,69140],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,69131,62],{"class":61},[55,69133,66],{"class":65},[55,69135,11202],{"class":61},[55,69137,66],{"class":65},[55,69139,36204],{"class":318},[55,69141,79],{"class":65},[14,69143,281],{},[46,69145,69146],{"className":48,"code":46684,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,69147,69148],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,69149,69150],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,69151,46684],{"class":75},[14,69153,69154,69155,19014,69157,29],{},"But the last index is ",[18,69156,707],{},[18,69158,2366],{},[14,69160,69161],{},"Indexes are:",[240,69163,69164,69171,69177],{},[243,69165,69166,69168,69169],{},[18,69167,76],{}," for ",[18,69170,18146],{},[243,69172,69173,69168,69175],{},[18,69174,93],{},[18,69176,65668],{},[243,69178,69179,69168,69181],{},[18,69180,707],{},[18,69182,66554],{},[14,69184,69185],{},"So this causes an error:",[46,69187,69189],{"className":48,"code":69188,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters)])\n",[18,69190,69191,69223],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,69192,69193,69195,69197,69199,69201,69203,69205,69207,69209,69211,69213,69215,69217,69219,69221],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,69194,36151],{"class":902},[55,69196,906],{"class":703},[55,69198,909],{"class":65},[55,69200,126],{"class":109},[55,69202,294],{"class":129},[55,69204,126],{"class":109},[55,69206,163],{"class":65},[55,69208,793],{"class":109},[55,69210,5046],{"class":129},[55,69212,126],{"class":109},[55,69214,163],{"class":65},[55,69216,793],{"class":109},[55,69218,9777],{"class":129},[55,69220,126],{"class":109},[55,69222,924],{"class":65},[55,69224,69225,69227,69229,69231,69233,69235,69237,69239],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,69226,62],{"class":61},[55,69228,66],{"class":65},[55,69230,36204],{"class":318},[55,69232,4186],{"class":65},[55,69234,11202],{"class":61},[55,69236,66],{"class":65},[55,69238,36204],{"class":318},[55,69240,10718],{"class":65},[14,69242,1638,69243,5069,69246,69248,69249,69251],{},[18,69244,69245],{},"len(letters)",[18,69247,2366],{},", and index ",[18,69250,2366],{}," does not exist.",[14,69253,18891],{},[46,69255,69257],{"className":48,"code":69256,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters) - 1])\n",[18,69258,69259,69291],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,69260,69261,69263,69265,69267,69269,69271,69273,69275,69277,69279,69281,69283,69285,69287,69289],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,69262,36151],{"class":902},[55,69264,906],{"class":703},[55,69266,909],{"class":65},[55,69268,126],{"class":109},[55,69270,294],{"class":129},[55,69272,126],{"class":109},[55,69274,163],{"class":65},[55,69276,793],{"class":109},[55,69278,5046],{"class":129},[55,69280,126],{"class":109},[55,69282,163],{"class":65},[55,69284,793],{"class":109},[55,69286,9777],{"class":129},[55,69288,126],{"class":109},[55,69290,924],{"class":65},[55,69292,69293,69295,69297,69299,69301,69303,69305,69307,69309,69311,69313],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,69294,62],{"class":61},[55,69296,66],{"class":65},[55,69298,36204],{"class":318},[55,69300,4186],{"class":65},[55,69302,11202],{"class":61},[55,69304,66],{"class":65},[55,69306,36204],{"class":318},[55,69308,3953],{"class":65},[55,69310,2526],{"class":703},[55,69312,5782],{"class":75},[55,69314,4174],{"class":65},[14,69316,281],{},[46,69318,69320],{"className":48,"code":69319,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"c\n",[18,69321,69322],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,69323,69324],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,69325,69319],{"class":902},[14,69327,69328,69329,29],{},"If you see an index problem here, read ",[294,69330,69332],{"href":69331},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-list-index-out-of-range-fix-explained\u002F","IndexError: list index out of range",[889,69334,1556,69336,69338],{"id":69335},"using-len-on-the-wrong-variable",[18,69337,42426],{}," on the wrong variable",[14,69340,69341],{},"Sometimes the code is correct, but the variable is not what you expect.",[14,69343,69344],{},"Use these debugging checks:",[46,69346,69348],{"className":48,"code":69347,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list[0])\n",[18,69349,69350,69360,69374,69388],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,69351,69352,69354,69356,69358],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,69353,62],{"class":61},[55,69355,66],{"class":65},[55,69357,1477],{"class":318},[55,69359,322],{"class":65},[55,69361,69362,69364,69366,69368,69370,69372],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,69363,62],{"class":61},[55,69365,66],{"class":65},[55,69367,11202],{"class":61},[55,69369,66],{"class":65},[55,69371,1477],{"class":318},[55,69373,79],{"class":65},[55,69375,69376,69378,69380,69382,69384,69386],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,69377,62],{"class":61},[55,69379,66],{"class":65},[55,69381,1879],{"class":69},[55,69383,66],{"class":65},[55,69385,1477],{"class":318},[55,69387,79],{"class":65},[55,69389,69390,69392,69394,69396,69398,69400],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,69391,62],{"class":61},[55,69393,66],{"class":65},[55,69395,1477],{"class":318},[55,69397,4186],{"class":65},[55,69399,76],{"class":75},[55,69401,4174],{"class":65},[14,69403,69404],{},"These help you verify:",[240,69406,69407,69410,69412,69415],{},[243,69408,69409],{},"what the variable contains",[243,69411,60856],{},[243,69413,69414],{},"whether it is really a list",[243,69416,69417],{},"what the first item is",[14,69419,69420,69421,69424],{},"Be careful with ",[18,69422,69423],{},"print(my_list[0])"," if the list might be empty.",[41,69426,5247,69428,69430],{"id":69427},"when-to-use-len-with-lists",[18,69429,42426],{}," with lists",[14,69432,69433,69434,69436],{},"You will often use ",[18,69435,42426],{}," in real programs.",[14,69438,9411],{},[240,69440,69441,69443,69446,69449],{},[243,69442,51839],{},[243,69444,69445],{},"Control loops",[243,69447,69448],{},"Validate input or results",[243,69450,69451],{},"Compare the sizes of two lists",[14,69453,69454],{},"Example: comparing two lists",[46,69456,69458],{"className":48,"code":69457,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [10, 20]\n\nprint(len(a))\nprint(len(b))\nprint(len(a) > len(b))\n",[18,69459,69460,69480,69496,69500,69514,69528],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,69461,69462,69464,69466,69468,69470,69472,69474,69476,69478],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,69463,2857],{"class":902},[55,69465,906],{"class":703},[55,69467,909],{"class":65},[55,69469,93],{"class":75},[55,69471,163],{"class":65},[55,69473,166],{"class":75},[55,69475,163],{"class":65},[55,69477,171],{"class":75},[55,69479,924],{"class":65},[55,69481,69482,69484,69486,69488,69490,69492,69494],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,69483,2885],{"class":902},[55,69485,906],{"class":703},[55,69487,909],{"class":65},[55,69489,376],{"class":75},[55,69491,163],{"class":65},[55,69493,916],{"class":75},[55,69495,924],{"class":65},[55,69497,69498],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,69499,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,69501,69502,69504,69506,69508,69510,69512],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,69503,62],{"class":61},[55,69505,66],{"class":65},[55,69507,11202],{"class":61},[55,69509,66],{"class":65},[55,69511,294],{"class":318},[55,69513,79],{"class":65},[55,69515,69516,69518,69520,69522,69524,69526],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,69517,62],{"class":61},[55,69519,66],{"class":65},[55,69521,11202],{"class":61},[55,69523,66],{"class":65},[55,69525,5046],{"class":318},[55,69527,79],{"class":65},[55,69529,69530,69532,69534,69536,69538,69540,69542,69544,69546,69548,69550],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,69531,62],{"class":61},[55,69533,66],{"class":65},[55,69535,11202],{"class":61},[55,69537,66],{"class":65},[55,69539,294],{"class":318},[55,69541,3953],{"class":65},[55,69543,38459],{"class":703},[55,69545,38449],{"class":61},[55,69547,66],{"class":65},[55,69549,5046],{"class":318},[55,69551,79],{"class":65},[14,69553,281],{},[46,69555,69557],{"className":48,"code":69556,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"3\n2\nTrue\n",[18,69558,69559,69563,69567],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,69560,69561],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,69562,46684],{"class":75},[55,69564,69565],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,69566,17105],{"class":75},[55,69568,69569],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,69570,193],{"class":187},[14,69572,69573],{},"Example: using length in a loop",[46,69575,69577],{"className":48,"code":69576,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(names)):\n    print(i, names[i])\n",[18,69578,69579,69611,69615,69637],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,69580,69581,69583,69585,69587,69589,69591,69593,69595,69597,69599,69601,69603,69605,69607,69609],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,69582,5281],{"class":902},[55,69584,906],{"class":703},[55,69586,909],{"class":65},[55,69588,126],{"class":109},[55,69590,12925],{"class":129},[55,69592,126],{"class":109},[55,69594,163],{"class":65},[55,69596,793],{"class":109},[55,69598,36001],{"class":129},[55,69600,126],{"class":109},[55,69602,163],{"class":65},[55,69604,793],{"class":109},[55,69606,36010],{"class":129},[55,69608,126],{"class":109},[55,69610,924],{"class":65},[55,69612,69613],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,69614,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,69616,69617,69619,69622,69624,69626,69628,69630,69632,69634],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,69618,6236],{"class":1193},[55,69620,69621],{"class":902}," i ",[55,69623,4168],{"class":1193},[55,69625,54140],{"class":61},[55,69627,66],{"class":65},[55,69629,11202],{"class":61},[55,69631,66],{"class":65},[55,69633,5325],{"class":318},[55,69635,69636],{"class":65},")):\n",[55,69638,69639,69641,69643,69645,69647,69650,69652,69654],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,69640,1204],{"class":61},[55,69642,66],{"class":65},[55,69644,36215],{"class":318},[55,69646,163],{"class":65},[55,69648,69649],{"class":318}," names",[55,69651,4186],{"class":65},[55,69653,36215],{"class":318},[55,69655,4174],{"class":65},[14,69657,281],{},[46,69659,69660],{"className":48,"code":36059,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,69661,69662,69668,69674],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,69663,69664,69666],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,69665,76],{"class":75},[55,69667,36068],{"class":902},[55,69669,69670,69672],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,69671,93],{"class":75},[55,69673,36075],{"class":902},[55,69675,69676,69678],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,69677,707],{"class":75},[55,69679,36082],{"class":902},[14,69681,69682,69683,29],{},"This works, but if you want to practice looping through lists more safely and clearly, see ",[294,69684,69686],{"href":69685},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to loop through a list in Python",[14,69688,69689,69690,69692],{},"You can also read ",[294,69691,51616],{"href":51615}," for a task-focused guide.",[41,69694,2139],{"id":2138},[889,69696,69698],{"id":69697},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python","How do I get the length of a list in Python?",[14,69700,212,69701,69704],{},[18,69702,69703],{},"len(your_list)",". It returns the number of items in the list.",[889,69706,5429,69708,12760],{"id":69707},"what-does-len-return",[18,69709,69710],{},"len([])",[14,69712,2157,69713,69715],{},[18,69714,76],{}," because the list is empty.",[889,69717,69719],{"id":69718},"is-the-list-length-the-same-as-the-last-index","Is the list length the same as the last index?",[14,69721,69722],{},"No. The last index is one less than the length.",[889,69724,28383,69726,69728],{"id":69725},"can-i-use-my_listlen-in-python",[18,69727,68904],{}," in Python?",[14,69730,30326,69731,1360,69733,69735],{},[18,69732,68350],{},[18,69734,42426],{}," is a built-in function.",[41,69737,2193],{"id":2192},[240,69739,69740,69746,69750,69754,69758],{},[243,69741,69742],{},[294,69743,3871,69744,3804],{"href":42423},[18,69745,42426],{},[243,69747,69748],{},[294,69749,52660],{"href":51615},[243,69751,69752],{},[294,69753,52841],{"href":51048},[243,69755,69756],{},[294,69757,69332],{"href":69331},[243,69759,69760],{},[294,69761,69762],{"href":69685},"How to loop through a list in Python",[2226,69764,69765],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":69767},[69768,69769,69771,69772,69773,69774,69782,69784,69792],{"id":15209,"depth":82,"text":15210},{"id":68342,"depth":82,"text":69770},"What len() returns for a list",{"id":6064,"depth":82,"text":6065},{"id":68611,"depth":82,"text":68612},{"id":68752,"depth":82,"text":68753},{"id":4802,"depth":82,"text":4803,"children":69775},[69776,69778,69779,69780],{"id":68901,"depth":98,"text":69777},"Using my_list.len() instead of len(my_list)",{"id":25740,"depth":98,"text":25741},{"id":69081,"depth":98,"text":69082},{"id":69335,"depth":98,"text":69781},"Using len() on the wrong variable",{"id":69427,"depth":82,"text":69783},"When to use len() with lists",{"id":2138,"depth":82,"text":2139,"children":69785},[69786,69787,69789,69790],{"id":69697,"depth":98,"text":69698},{"id":69707,"depth":98,"text":69788},"What does len([]) return?",{"id":69718,"depth":98,"text":69719},{"id":69725,"depth":98,"text":69791},"Can I use my_list.len() in Python?",{"id":2192,"depth":82,"text":2193},"Master python list length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":68237,"description":69793},"reference\u002Fpython-list-length-len","rGvdzxYi-qjWScdxkRoGgEetqY15UkNJ5EhQHJLekL8",{"id":69799,"title":69800,"body":69801,"description":71783,"extension":2267,"meta":71784,"navigation":1121,"path":71785,"seo":71786,"stem":71787,"__hash__":71788},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method.md","Python List pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":69802,"toc":71756},[69803,69806,69811,69814,69822,69835,69837,69902,69904,69926,69931,69935,69940,69948,69950,69960,69962,70043,70045,70075,70077,70096,70101,70118,70120,70204,70206,70236,70241,70245,70251,70335,70337,70367,70370,70374,70377,70468,70470,70508,70511,70596,70598,70628,70634,70641,70645,70650,70659,70661,70746,70748,70777,70780,70788,70792,70796,70805,70828,70830,70852,70854,70868,70870,70930,70934,70939,70978,70980,70997,70999,71009,71108,71113,71117,71122,71165,71167,71195,71197,71211,71286,71288,71310,71314,71317,71322,71333,71338,71346,71349,71420,71422,71447,71504,71506,71527,71536,71544,71549,71551,71556,71577,71580,71655,71658,71672,71679,71681,71685,71691,71695,71705,71709,71716,71720,71726,71728,71753],[10,69804,69800],{"id":69805},"python-list-pop-method",[14,69807,69808,69810],{},[18,69809,55152],{}," removes an item from a list and returns it.",[14,69812,69813],{},"This method is useful when you want to both:",[240,69815,69816,69819],{},[243,69817,69818],{},"delete an item from a list",[243,69820,69821],{},"keep the removed value for later use",[14,69823,69824,69825,69827,69828,1851,69830,69834],{},"If you do not pass an index, ",[18,69826,12807],{}," removes the last item. Beginners often confuse ",[18,69829,12807],{},[294,69831,69832],{"href":55142},[18,69833,55599],{},", or expect it to create a new list instead of changing the original one.",[41,69836,2308],{"id":2307},[46,69838,69840],{"className":48,"code":69839,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nlast_item = numbers.pop()\n\nprint(last_item)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,69841,69842,69862,69877,69881,69892],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,69843,69844,69846,69848,69850,69852,69854,69856,69858,69860],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,69845,1168],{"class":902},[55,69847,906],{"class":703},[55,69849,909],{"class":65},[55,69851,376],{"class":75},[55,69853,163],{"class":65},[55,69855,916],{"class":75},[55,69857,163],{"class":65},[55,69859,921],{"class":75},[55,69861,924],{"class":65},[55,69863,69864,69867,69869,69871,69873,69875],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,69865,69866],{"class":902},"last_item ",[55,69868,906],{"class":703},[55,69870,1196],{"class":902},[55,69872,29],{"class":65},[55,69874,26295],{"class":318},[55,69876,1789],{"class":65},[55,69878,69879],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,69880,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,69882,69883,69885,69887,69890],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,69884,62],{"class":61},[55,69886,66],{"class":65},[55,69888,69889],{"class":318},"last_item",[55,69891,322],{"class":65},[55,69893,69894,69896,69898,69900],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,69895,62],{"class":61},[55,69897,66],{"class":65},[55,69899,332],{"class":318},[55,69901,322],{"class":65},[14,69903,281],{},[46,69905,69907],{"className":48,"code":69906,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"30\n[10, 20]\n",[18,69908,69909,69914],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,69910,69911],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,69912,69913],{"class":75},"30\n",[55,69915,69916,69918,69920,69922,69924],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,69917,4186],{"class":65},[55,69919,376],{"class":75},[55,69921,163],{"class":65},[55,69923,916],{"class":75},[55,69925,924],{"class":65},[14,69927,212,69928,69930],{},[18,69929,12807],{}," to remove and return an item from a list. With no argument, it removes the last item.",[41,69932,69934],{"id":69933},"what-pop-does","What pop() does",[14,69936,69937,69939],{},[18,69938,12807],{}," has two main jobs:",[240,69941,69942,69945],{},[243,69943,69944],{},"It removes one item from a list",[243,69946,69947],{},"It returns the item that was removed",[14,69949,43716],{},[240,69951,69952,69955,69958],{},[243,69953,69954],{},"If no index is given, it removes the last item",[243,69956,69957],{},"It changes the original list",[243,69959,52815],{},[14,69961,358],{},[46,69963,69965],{"className":48,"code":69964,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nremoved = colors.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(colors)\n",[18,69966,69967,69999,70003,70018,70022,70033],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,69968,69969,69971,69973,69975,69977,69979,69981,69983,69985,69987,69989,69991,69993,69995,69997],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,69970,13121],{"class":902},[55,69972,906],{"class":703},[55,69974,909],{"class":65},[55,69976,126],{"class":109},[55,69978,13138],{"class":129},[55,69980,126],{"class":109},[55,69982,163],{"class":65},[55,69984,793],{"class":109},[55,69986,17505],{"class":129},[55,69988,126],{"class":109},[55,69990,163],{"class":65},[55,69992,793],{"class":109},[55,69994,13155],{"class":129},[55,69996,126],{"class":109},[55,69998,924],{"class":65},[55,70000,70001],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,70002,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,70004,70005,70008,70010,70012,70014,70016],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,70006,70007],{"class":902},"removed ",[55,70009,906],{"class":703},[55,70011,13169],{"class":902},[55,70013,29],{"class":65},[55,70015,26295],{"class":318},[55,70017,1789],{"class":65},[55,70019,70020],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,70021,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,70023,70024,70026,70028,70031],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,70025,62],{"class":61},[55,70027,66],{"class":65},[55,70029,70030],{"class":318},"removed",[55,70032,322],{"class":65},[55,70034,70035,70037,70039,70041],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,70036,62],{"class":61},[55,70038,66],{"class":65},[55,70040,17552],{"class":318},[55,70042,322],{"class":65},[14,70044,281],{},[46,70046,70048],{"className":48,"code":70047,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"blue\n['red', 'green']\n",[18,70049,70050,70055],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,70051,70052],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,70053,70054],{"class":902},"blue\n",[55,70056,70057,70059,70061,70063,70065,70067,70069,70071,70073],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,70058,4186],{"class":65},[55,70060,1923],{"class":109},[55,70062,13138],{"class":129},[55,70064,1923],{"class":109},[55,70066,163],{"class":65},[55,70068,1918],{"class":109},[55,70070,17505],{"class":129},[55,70072,1923],{"class":109},[55,70074,924],{"class":65},[41,70076,2460],{"id":2459},[46,70078,70080],{"className":48,"code":70079,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"list.pop([index])\n",[18,70081,70082],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,70083,70084,70086,70088,70090,70092,70094],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,70085,1229],{"class":69},[55,70087,29],{"class":65},[55,70089,26295],{"class":318},[55,70091,158],{"class":65},[55,70093,35906],{"class":318},[55,70095,4174],{"class":65},[14,70097,16,70098,70100],{},[18,70099,35906],{}," is optional.",[240,70102,70103,70109,70115],{},[243,70104,70105,70106,70108],{},"If you do not give an index, ",[18,70107,12807],{}," removes the last item",[243,70110,70111,70112,70114],{},"If you give an index, ",[18,70113,12807],{}," removes the item at that position",[243,70116,70117],{},"You can store the result in a variable",[14,70119,358],{},[46,70121,70123],{"className":48,"code":70122,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nitem = letters.pop(1)\n\nprint(item)\nprint(letters)\n",[18,70124,70125,70157,70161,70180,70184,70194],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,70126,70127,70129,70131,70133,70135,70137,70139,70141,70143,70145,70147,70149,70151,70153,70155],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,70128,36151],{"class":902},[55,70130,906],{"class":703},[55,70132,909],{"class":65},[55,70134,126],{"class":109},[55,70136,294],{"class":129},[55,70138,126],{"class":109},[55,70140,163],{"class":65},[55,70142,793],{"class":109},[55,70144,5046],{"class":129},[55,70146,126],{"class":109},[55,70148,163],{"class":65},[55,70150,793],{"class":109},[55,70152,9777],{"class":129},[55,70154,126],{"class":109},[55,70156,924],{"class":65},[55,70158,70159],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,70160,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,70162,70163,70165,70167,70170,70172,70174,70176,70178],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,70164,28593],{"class":902},[55,70166,906],{"class":703},[55,70168,70169],{"class":902}," letters",[55,70171,29],{"class":65},[55,70173,26295],{"class":318},[55,70175,66],{"class":65},[55,70177,93],{"class":75},[55,70179,322],{"class":65},[55,70181,70182],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,70183,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,70185,70186,70188,70190,70192],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,70187,62],{"class":61},[55,70189,66],{"class":65},[55,70191,23363],{"class":318},[55,70193,322],{"class":65},[55,70195,70196,70198,70200,70202],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,70197,62],{"class":61},[55,70199,66],{"class":65},[55,70201,36204],{"class":318},[55,70203,322],{"class":65},[14,70205,281],{},[46,70207,70209],{"className":48,"code":70208,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"b\n['a', 'c']\n",[18,70210,70211,70216],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,70212,70213],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,70214,70215],{"class":902},"b\n",[55,70217,70218,70220,70222,70224,70226,70228,70230,70232,70234],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,70219,4186],{"class":65},[55,70221,1923],{"class":109},[55,70223,294],{"class":129},[55,70225,1923],{"class":109},[55,70227,163],{"class":65},[55,70229,1918],{"class":109},[55,70231,9777],{"class":129},[55,70233,1923],{"class":109},[55,70235,924],{"class":65},[14,70237,70238,70239,29],{},"If you are new to list positions, see ",[294,70240,52841],{"href":51048},[41,70242,70244],{"id":70243},"using-pop-without-an-index","Using pop() without an index",[14,70246,70247,70248,70250],{},"When you call ",[18,70249,12807],{}," with no argument, Python removes the last item in the list.",[46,70252,70254],{"className":48,"code":70253,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"tasks = [\"write\", \"test\", \"submit\"]\n\nlast_task = tasks.pop()\n\nprint(last_task)\nprint(tasks)\n",[18,70255,70256,70291,70295,70310,70314,70325],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,70257,70258,70260,70262,70264,70266,70269,70271,70273,70275,70278,70280,70282,70284,70287,70289],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,70259,29953],{"class":902},[55,70261,906],{"class":703},[55,70263,909],{"class":65},[55,70265,126],{"class":109},[55,70267,70268],{"class":129},"write",[55,70270,126],{"class":109},[55,70272,163],{"class":65},[55,70274,793],{"class":109},[55,70276,70277],{"class":129},"test",[55,70279,126],{"class":109},[55,70281,163],{"class":65},[55,70283,793],{"class":109},[55,70285,70286],{"class":129},"submit",[55,70288,126],{"class":109},[55,70290,924],{"class":65},[55,70292,70293],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,70294,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,70296,70297,70300,70302,70304,70306,70308],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,70298,70299],{"class":902},"last_task ",[55,70301,906],{"class":703},[55,70303,30031],{"class":902},[55,70305,29],{"class":65},[55,70307,26295],{"class":318},[55,70309,1789],{"class":65},[55,70311,70312],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,70313,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,70315,70316,70318,70320,70323],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,70317,62],{"class":61},[55,70319,66],{"class":65},[55,70321,70322],{"class":318},"last_task",[55,70324,322],{"class":65},[55,70326,70327,70329,70331,70333],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,70328,62],{"class":61},[55,70330,66],{"class":65},[55,70332,36567],{"class":318},[55,70334,322],{"class":65},[14,70336,281],{},[46,70338,70340],{"className":48,"code":70339,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"submit\n['write', 'test']\n",[18,70341,70342,70347],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,70343,70344],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,70345,70346],{"class":902},"submit\n",[55,70348,70349,70351,70353,70355,70357,70359,70361,70363,70365],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,70350,4186],{"class":65},[55,70352,1923],{"class":109},[55,70354,70268],{"class":129},[55,70356,1923],{"class":109},[55,70358,163],{"class":65},[55,70360,1918],{"class":109},[55,70362,70277],{"class":129},[55,70364,1923],{"class":109},[55,70366,924],{"class":65},[14,70368,70369],{},"This is useful when using a list like a stack, where the last item added is the first item removed.",[41,70371,70373],{"id":70372},"using-pop-with-an-index","Using pop() with an index",[14,70375,70376],{},"You can pass an integer index to remove an item at a specific position.",[46,70378,70380],{"className":48,"code":70379,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"orange\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[18,70381,70382,70422,70426,70444,70448,70458],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,70383,70384,70386,70388,70390,70392,70394,70396,70398,70400,70402,70404,70406,70408,70410,70412,70414,70416,70418,70420],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,70385,36300],{"class":902},[55,70387,906],{"class":703},[55,70389,909],{"class":65},[55,70391,126],{"class":109},[55,70393,4364],{"class":129},[55,70395,126],{"class":109},[55,70397,163],{"class":65},[55,70399,793],{"class":109},[55,70401,4373],{"class":129},[55,70403,126],{"class":109},[55,70405,163],{"class":65},[55,70407,793],{"class":109},[55,70409,4382],{"class":129},[55,70411,126],{"class":109},[55,70413,163],{"class":65},[55,70415,793],{"class":109},[55,70417,33278],{"class":129},[55,70419,126],{"class":109},[55,70421,924],{"class":65},[55,70423,70424],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,70425,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,70427,70428,70430,70432,70434,70436,70438,70440,70442],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,70429,70007],{"class":902},[55,70431,906],{"class":703},[55,70433,52921],{"class":902},[55,70435,29],{"class":65},[55,70437,26295],{"class":318},[55,70439,66],{"class":65},[55,70441,93],{"class":75},[55,70443,322],{"class":65},[55,70445,70446],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,70447,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,70449,70450,70452,70454,70456],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,70451,62],{"class":61},[55,70453,66],{"class":65},[55,70455,70030],{"class":318},[55,70457,322],{"class":65},[55,70459,70460,70462,70464,70466],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,70461,62],{"class":61},[55,70463,66],{"class":65},[55,70465,36352],{"class":318},[55,70467,322],{"class":65},[14,70469,281],{},[46,70471,70473],{"className":48,"code":70472,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"banana\n['apple', 'cherry', 'orange']\n",[18,70474,70475,70480],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,70476,70477],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,70478,70479],{"class":902},"banana\n",[55,70481,70482,70484,70486,70488,70490,70492,70494,70496,70498,70500,70502,70504,70506],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,70483,4186],{"class":65},[55,70485,1923],{"class":109},[55,70487,4364],{"class":129},[55,70489,1923],{"class":109},[55,70491,163],{"class":65},[55,70493,1918],{"class":109},[55,70495,4382],{"class":129},[55,70497,1923],{"class":109},[55,70499,163],{"class":65},[55,70501,1918],{"class":109},[55,70503,33278],{"class":129},[55,70505,1923],{"class":109},[55,70507,924],{"class":65},[14,70509,70510],{},"You can also use negative indexes:",[46,70512,70514],{"className":48,"code":70513,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(-1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[18,70515,70516,70548,70552,70572,70576,70586],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,70517,70518,70520,70522,70524,70526,70528,70530,70532,70534,70536,70538,70540,70542,70544,70546],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,70519,36300],{"class":902},[55,70521,906],{"class":703},[55,70523,909],{"class":65},[55,70525,126],{"class":109},[55,70527,4364],{"class":129},[55,70529,126],{"class":109},[55,70531,163],{"class":65},[55,70533,793],{"class":109},[55,70535,4373],{"class":129},[55,70537,126],{"class":109},[55,70539,163],{"class":65},[55,70541,793],{"class":109},[55,70543,4382],{"class":129},[55,70545,126],{"class":109},[55,70547,924],{"class":65},[55,70549,70550],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,70551,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,70553,70554,70556,70558,70560,70562,70564,70566,70568,70570],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,70555,70007],{"class":902},[55,70557,906],{"class":703},[55,70559,52921],{"class":902},[55,70561,29],{"class":65},[55,70563,26295],{"class":318},[55,70565,66],{"class":65},[55,70567,704],{"class":703},[55,70569,93],{"class":75},[55,70571,322],{"class":65},[55,70573,70574],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,70575,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,70577,70578,70580,70582,70584],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,70579,62],{"class":61},[55,70581,66],{"class":65},[55,70583,70030],{"class":318},[55,70585,322],{"class":65},[55,70587,70588,70590,70592,70594],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,70589,62],{"class":61},[55,70591,66],{"class":65},[55,70593,36352],{"class":318},[55,70595,322],{"class":65},[14,70597,281],{},[46,70599,70601],{"className":48,"code":70600,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"cherry\n['apple', 'banana']\n",[18,70602,70603,70608],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,70604,70605],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,70606,70607],{"class":902},"cherry\n",[55,70609,70610,70612,70614,70616,70618,70620,70622,70624,70626],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,70611,4186],{"class":65},[55,70613,1923],{"class":109},[55,70615,4364],{"class":129},[55,70617,1923],{"class":109},[55,70619,163],{"class":65},[55,70621,1918],{"class":109},[55,70623,4373],{"class":129},[55,70625,1923],{"class":109},[55,70627,924],{"class":65},[14,70629,70630,70631,70633],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. So ",[18,70632,65927],{}," means the last item.",[14,70635,70636,70637,29],{},"If you need to find a position before removing it, see the ",[294,70638,70639,10780],{"href":59036},[18,70640,64938],{},[41,70642,70644],{"id":70643},"what-pop-returns","What pop() returns",[14,70646,70647,70649],{},[18,70648,12807],{}," returns the item that was removed.",[14,70651,70652,70653,4679,70655,29],{},"This is one of the biggest differences between ",[18,70654,12807],{},[294,70656,70657],{"href":55142},[18,70658,55599],{},[14,70660,358],{},[46,70662,70664],{"className":48,"code":70663,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nremoved_name = names.pop(0)\n\nprint(removed_name)\nprint(names)\n",[18,70665,70666,70698,70702,70721,70725,70736],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,70667,70668,70670,70672,70674,70676,70678,70680,70682,70684,70686,70688,70690,70692,70694,70696],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,70669,5281],{"class":902},[55,70671,906],{"class":703},[55,70673,909],{"class":65},[55,70675,126],{"class":109},[55,70677,12925],{"class":129},[55,70679,126],{"class":109},[55,70681,163],{"class":65},[55,70683,793],{"class":109},[55,70685,36001],{"class":129},[55,70687,126],{"class":109},[55,70689,163],{"class":65},[55,70691,793],{"class":109},[55,70693,36010],{"class":129},[55,70695,126],{"class":109},[55,70697,924],{"class":65},[55,70699,70700],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,70701,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,70703,70704,70707,70709,70711,70713,70715,70717,70719],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,70705,70706],{"class":902},"removed_name ",[55,70708,906],{"class":703},[55,70710,69649],{"class":902},[55,70712,29],{"class":65},[55,70714,26295],{"class":318},[55,70716,66],{"class":65},[55,70718,76],{"class":75},[55,70720,322],{"class":65},[55,70722,70723],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,70724,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,70726,70727,70729,70731,70734],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,70728,62],{"class":61},[55,70730,66],{"class":65},[55,70732,70733],{"class":318},"removed_name",[55,70735,322],{"class":65},[55,70737,70738,70740,70742,70744],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,70739,62],{"class":61},[55,70741,66],{"class":65},[55,70743,5325],{"class":318},[55,70745,322],{"class":65},[14,70747,281],{},[46,70749,70751],{"className":48,"code":70750,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Ana\n['Ben', 'Cara']\n",[18,70752,70753,70757],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,70754,70755],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,70756,50108],{"class":902},[55,70758,70759,70761,70763,70765,70767,70769,70771,70773,70775],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,70760,4186],{"class":65},[55,70762,1923],{"class":109},[55,70764,36001],{"class":129},[55,70766,1923],{"class":109},[55,70768,163],{"class":65},[55,70770,1918],{"class":109},[55,70772,36010],{"class":129},[55,70774,1923],{"class":109},[55,70776,924],{"class":65},[14,70778,70779],{},"This is useful when you need the removed value after taking it out of the list.",[14,70781,70782,70783,70785,70786,29],{},"By comparison, ",[18,70784,55599],{}," deletes by value and returns ",[18,70787,481],{},[41,70789,70791],{"id":70790},"common-errors-and-edge-cases","Common errors and edge cases",[889,70793,70795],{"id":70794},"popping-from-an-empty-list","Popping from an empty list",[14,70797,70798,70799,70801,70802,29],{},"If the list is empty, ",[18,70800,12807],{}," raises an ",[18,70803,70804],{},"IndexError",[46,70806,70808],{"className":48,"code":70807,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = []\nitems.pop()\n",[18,70809,70810,70818],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,70811,70812,70814,70816],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,70813,903],{"class":902},[55,70815,906],{"class":703},[55,70817,966],{"class":65},[55,70819,70820,70822,70824,70826],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,70821,937],{"class":902},[55,70823,29],{"class":65},[55,70825,26295],{"class":318},[55,70827,1789],{"class":65},[14,70829,281],{},[46,70831,70833],{"className":48,"code":70832,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"IndexError: pop from empty list\n",[18,70834,70835],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,70836,70837,70839,70841,70844,70847,70850],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,70838,70804],{"class":69},[55,70840,790],{"class":65},[55,70842,70843],{"class":902}," pop ",[55,70845,70846],{"class":1193},"from",[55,70848,70849],{"class":902}," empty ",[55,70851,49954],{"class":69},[14,70853,39325],{},[240,70855,70856,70861],{},[243,70857,70858,70859],{},"Check that the list is not empty before calling ",[18,70860,12807],{},[243,70862,70863,70864,4679,70866],{},"Or handle the error with ",[18,70865,29859],{},[18,70867,29890],{},[14,70869,358],{},[46,70871,70873],{"className":48,"code":70872,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = []\n\nif items:\n    print(items.pop())\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty.\")\n",[18,70874,70875,70883,70887,70895,70909,70915],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,70876,70877,70879,70881],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,70878,903],{"class":902},[55,70880,906],{"class":703},[55,70882,966],{"class":65},[55,70884,70885],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,70886,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,70888,70889,70891,70893],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,70890,38],{"class":1193},[55,70892,6244],{"class":902},[55,70894,1199],{"class":65},[55,70896,70897,70899,70901,70903,70905,70907],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,70898,1204],{"class":61},[55,70900,66],{"class":65},[55,70902,937],{"class":318},[55,70904,29],{"class":65},[55,70906,26295],{"class":318},[55,70908,278],{"class":65},[55,70910,70911,70913],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,70912,27488],{"class":1193},[55,70914,1199],{"class":65},[55,70916,70917,70919,70921,70923,70926,70928],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,70918,1204],{"class":61},[55,70920,66],{"class":65},[55,70922,126],{"class":109},[55,70924,70925],{"class":129},"The list is empty.",[55,70927,126],{"class":109},[55,70929,322],{"class":65},[889,70931,70933],{"id":70932},"using-an-index-that-does-not-exist","Using an index that does not exist",[14,70935,70936,70937,29],{},"If the index is outside the valid range, Python raises an ",[18,70938,70804],{},[46,70940,70942],{"className":48,"code":70941,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(5)\n",[18,70943,70944,70964],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,70945,70946,70948,70950,70952,70954,70956,70958,70960,70962],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,70947,1168],{"class":902},[55,70949,906],{"class":703},[55,70951,909],{"class":65},[55,70953,376],{"class":75},[55,70955,163],{"class":65},[55,70957,916],{"class":75},[55,70959,163],{"class":65},[55,70961,921],{"class":75},[55,70963,924],{"class":65},[55,70965,70966,70968,70970,70972,70974,70976],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,70967,332],{"class":902},[55,70969,29],{"class":65},[55,70971,26295],{"class":318},[55,70973,66],{"class":65},[55,70975,688],{"class":75},[55,70977,322],{"class":65},[14,70979,281],{},[46,70981,70983],{"className":48,"code":70982,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"IndexError: pop index out of range\n",[18,70984,70985],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,70986,70987,70989,70991,70994],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,70988,70804],{"class":69},[55,70990,790],{"class":65},[55,70992,70993],{"class":902}," pop index out of ",[55,70995,70996],{"class":61},"range\n",[14,70998,39325],{},[240,71000,71001,71006],{},[243,71002,71003,71004],{},"Check the list length with ",[18,71005,42426],{},[243,71007,71008],{},"Make sure the index is valid before removing",[46,71010,71012],{"className":48,"code":71011,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = 2\n\nif 0 \u003C= index \u003C len(numbers):\n    print(numbers.pop(index))\nelse:\n    print(\"Index is out of range.\")\n",[18,71013,71014,71034,71043,71047,71069,71087,71093],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,71015,71016,71018,71020,71022,71024,71026,71028,71030,71032],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,71017,1168],{"class":902},[55,71019,906],{"class":703},[55,71021,909],{"class":65},[55,71023,376],{"class":75},[55,71025,163],{"class":65},[55,71027,916],{"class":75},[55,71029,163],{"class":65},[55,71031,921],{"class":75},[55,71033,924],{"class":65},[55,71035,71036,71039,71041],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,71037,71038],{"class":902},"index ",[55,71040,906],{"class":703},[55,71042,45656],{"class":75},[55,71044,71045],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,71046,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,71048,71049,71051,71053,71056,71059,71061,71063,71065,71067],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,71050,38],{"class":1193},[55,71052,4121],{"class":75},[55,71054,71055],{"class":703}," \u003C=",[55,71057,71058],{"class":902}," index ",[55,71060,1911],{"class":703},[55,71062,38449],{"class":61},[55,71064,66],{"class":65},[55,71066,332],{"class":318},[55,71068,1480],{"class":65},[55,71070,71071,71073,71075,71077,71079,71081,71083,71085],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,71072,1204],{"class":61},[55,71074,66],{"class":65},[55,71076,332],{"class":318},[55,71078,29],{"class":65},[55,71080,26295],{"class":318},[55,71082,66],{"class":65},[55,71084,35906],{"class":318},[55,71086,79],{"class":65},[55,71088,71089,71091],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,71090,27488],{"class":1193},[55,71092,1199],{"class":65},[55,71094,71095,71097,71099,71101,71104,71106],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,71096,1204],{"class":61},[55,71098,66],{"class":65},[55,71100,126],{"class":109},[55,71102,71103],{"class":129},"Index is out of range.",[55,71105,126],{"class":109},[55,71107,322],{"class":65},[14,71109,71110,71111,29],{},"For more help with this kind of problem, see ",[294,71112,69332],{"href":69331},[889,71114,71116],{"id":71115},"passing-a-non-integer-index","Passing a non-integer index",[14,71118,71119,71121],{},[18,71120,12807],{}," expects an integer index.",[46,71123,71125],{"className":48,"code":71124,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(\"1\")\n",[18,71126,71127,71147],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,71128,71129,71131,71133,71135,71137,71139,71141,71143,71145],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,71130,1168],{"class":902},[55,71132,906],{"class":703},[55,71134,909],{"class":65},[55,71136,376],{"class":75},[55,71138,163],{"class":65},[55,71140,916],{"class":75},[55,71142,163],{"class":65},[55,71144,921],{"class":75},[55,71146,924],{"class":65},[55,71148,71149,71151,71153,71155,71157,71159,71161,71163],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,71150,332],{"class":902},[55,71152,29],{"class":65},[55,71154,26295],{"class":318},[55,71156,66],{"class":65},[55,71158,126],{"class":109},[55,71160,93],{"class":129},[55,71162,126],{"class":109},[55,71164,322],{"class":65},[14,71166,281],{},[46,71168,71170],{"className":48,"code":71169,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"TypeError: 'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer\n",[18,71171,71172],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,71173,71174,71176,71178,71180,71182,71184,71186,71189,71192],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,71175,3303],{"class":69},[55,71177,790],{"class":65},[55,71179,1918],{"class":109},[55,71181,3738],{"class":129},[55,71183,1923],{"class":109},[55,71185,24670],{"class":69},[55,71187,71188],{"class":902}," cannot be interpreted ",[55,71190,71191],{"class":1193},"as",[55,71193,71194],{"class":902}," an integer\n",[14,71196,39325],{},[240,71198,71199,71208],{},[243,71200,71201,71202,2493,71204,2497,71206],{},"Pass an integer such as ",[18,71203,76],{},[18,71205,93],{},[18,71207,65927],{},[243,71209,71210],{},"If the value comes from input, convert it first",[46,71212,71214],{"className":48,"code":71213,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = int(\"1\")\n\nprint(numbers.pop(index))\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,71215,71216,71236,71254,71258,71276],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,71217,71218,71220,71222,71224,71226,71228,71230,71232,71234],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,71219,1168],{"class":902},[55,71221,906],{"class":703},[55,71223,909],{"class":65},[55,71225,376],{"class":75},[55,71227,163],{"class":65},[55,71229,916],{"class":75},[55,71231,163],{"class":65},[55,71233,921],{"class":75},[55,71235,924],{"class":65},[55,71237,71238,71240,71242,71244,71246,71248,71250,71252],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,71239,71038],{"class":902},[55,71241,906],{"class":703},[55,71243,45343],{"class":69},[55,71245,66],{"class":65},[55,71247,126],{"class":109},[55,71249,93],{"class":129},[55,71251,126],{"class":109},[55,71253,322],{"class":65},[55,71255,71256],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,71257,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,71259,71260,71262,71264,71266,71268,71270,71272,71274],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,71261,62],{"class":61},[55,71263,66],{"class":65},[55,71265,332],{"class":318},[55,71267,29],{"class":65},[55,71269,26295],{"class":318},[55,71271,66],{"class":65},[55,71273,35906],{"class":318},[55,71275,79],{"class":65},[55,71277,71278,71280,71282,71284],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,71279,62],{"class":61},[55,71281,66],{"class":65},[55,71283,332],{"class":318},[55,71285,322],{"class":65},[14,71287,281],{},[46,71289,71291],{"className":48,"code":71290,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"20\n[10, 30]\n",[18,71292,71293,71298],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,71294,71295],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,71296,71297],{"class":75},"20\n",[55,71299,71300,71302,71304,71306,71308],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,71301,4186],{"class":65},[55,71303,376],{"class":75},[55,71305,163],{"class":65},[55,71307,921],{"class":75},[55,71309,924],{"class":65},[41,71311,71313],{"id":71312},"pop-vs-remove","pop() vs remove()",[14,71315,71316],{},"These methods are similar, but they are not the same.",[889,71318,212,71320,10640],{"id":71319},"use-pop-when",[18,71321,12807],{},[240,71323,71324,71327,71330],{},[243,71325,71326],{},"you want to remove by index",[243,71328,71329],{},"you want the removed item returned",[243,71331,71332],{},"you want to remove the last item by default",[889,71334,212,71336,10640],{"id":71335},"use-remove-when",[18,71337,55599],{},[240,71339,71340,71343],{},[243,71341,71342],{},"you want to remove by value",[243,71344,71345],{},"you know the item itself, not its position",[14,71347,71348],{},"Compare these examples:",[46,71350,71352],{"className":48,"code":71351,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nremoved = numbers.pop(1)\nprint(removed)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,71353,71354,71378,71382,71400,71410],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,71355,71356,71358,71360,71362,71364,71366,71368,71370,71372,71374,71376],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,71357,1168],{"class":902},[55,71359,906],{"class":703},[55,71361,909],{"class":65},[55,71363,376],{"class":75},[55,71365,163],{"class":65},[55,71367,916],{"class":75},[55,71369,163],{"class":65},[55,71371,921],{"class":75},[55,71373,163],{"class":65},[55,71375,916],{"class":75},[55,71377,924],{"class":65},[55,71379,71380],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,71381,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,71383,71384,71386,71388,71390,71392,71394,71396,71398],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,71385,70007],{"class":902},[55,71387,906],{"class":703},[55,71389,1196],{"class":902},[55,71391,29],{"class":65},[55,71393,26295],{"class":318},[55,71395,66],{"class":65},[55,71397,93],{"class":75},[55,71399,322],{"class":65},[55,71401,71402,71404,71406,71408],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,71403,62],{"class":61},[55,71405,66],{"class":65},[55,71407,70030],{"class":318},[55,71409,322],{"class":65},[55,71411,71412,71414,71416,71418],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,71413,62],{"class":61},[55,71415,66],{"class":65},[55,71417,332],{"class":318},[55,71419,322],{"class":65},[14,71421,281],{},[46,71423,71425],{"className":48,"code":71424,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"20\n[10, 30, 20]\n",[18,71426,71427,71431],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,71428,71429],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,71430,71297],{"class":75},[55,71432,71433,71435,71437,71439,71441,71443,71445],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,71434,4186],{"class":65},[55,71436,376],{"class":75},[55,71438,163],{"class":65},[55,71440,921],{"class":75},[55,71442,163],{"class":65},[55,71444,916],{"class":75},[55,71446,924],{"class":65},[46,71448,71450],{"className":48,"code":71449,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nnumbers.remove(20)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,71451,71452,71476,71480,71494],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,71453,71454,71456,71458,71460,71462,71464,71466,71468,71470,71472,71474],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,71455,1168],{"class":902},[55,71457,906],{"class":703},[55,71459,909],{"class":65},[55,71461,376],{"class":75},[55,71463,163],{"class":65},[55,71465,916],{"class":75},[55,71467,163],{"class":65},[55,71469,921],{"class":75},[55,71471,163],{"class":65},[55,71473,916],{"class":75},[55,71475,924],{"class":65},[55,71477,71478],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,71479,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,71481,71482,71484,71486,71488,71490,71492],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,71483,332],{"class":902},[55,71485,29],{"class":65},[55,71487,34853],{"class":318},[55,71489,66],{"class":65},[55,71491,15802],{"class":75},[55,71493,322],{"class":65},[55,71495,71496,71498,71500,71502],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,71497,62],{"class":61},[55,71499,66],{"class":65},[55,71501,332],{"class":318},[55,71503,322],{"class":65},[14,71505,281],{},[46,71507,71509],{"className":48,"code":71508,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[10, 30, 20]\n",[18,71510,71511],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,71512,71513,71515,71517,71519,71521,71523,71525],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,71514,4186],{"class":65},[55,71516,376],{"class":75},[55,71518,163],{"class":65},[55,71520,921],{"class":75},[55,71522,163],{"class":65},[55,71524,916],{"class":75},[55,71526,924],{"class":65},[14,71528,71529,71530,71533,71534,29],{},"In the first example, ",[18,71531,71532],{},"pop(1)"," removes the item at index ",[18,71535,93],{},[14,71537,56675,71538,71541,71542,29],{},[18,71539,71540],{},"remove(20)"," removes the first matching value ",[18,71543,15802],{},[14,71545,71546,71547,29],{},"If your goal is practical list cleanup, see ",[294,71548,55138],{"href":55137},[41,71550,1586],{"id":1585},[14,71552,71553,71554,790],{},"Beginners often run into these problems with ",[18,71555,12807],{},[240,71557,71558,71561,71564,71570,71574],{},[243,71559,71560],{},"Trying to pop from an empty list",[243,71562,71563],{},"Using an index larger than the list length",[243,71565,37266,71566,1851,71568],{},[18,71567,12807],{},[18,71569,55599],{},[243,71571,1595,71572,62044],{},[18,71573,12807],{},[243,71575,71576],{},"Passing a string instead of an integer index",[14,71578,71579],{},"Helpful checks while debugging:",[46,71581,71583],{"className":48,"code":71582,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.pop())\nprint(my_list.pop(0))\nprint(type(index))\n",[18,71584,71585,71595,71609,71623,71641],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,71586,71587,71589,71591,71593],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,71588,62],{"class":61},[55,71590,66],{"class":65},[55,71592,1477],{"class":318},[55,71594,322],{"class":65},[55,71596,71597,71599,71601,71603,71605,71607],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,71598,62],{"class":61},[55,71600,66],{"class":65},[55,71602,11202],{"class":61},[55,71604,66],{"class":65},[55,71606,1477],{"class":318},[55,71608,79],{"class":65},[55,71610,71611,71613,71615,71617,71619,71621],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,71612,62],{"class":61},[55,71614,66],{"class":65},[55,71616,1477],{"class":318},[55,71618,29],{"class":65},[55,71620,26295],{"class":318},[55,71622,278],{"class":65},[55,71624,71625,71627,71629,71631,71633,71635,71637,71639],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,71626,62],{"class":61},[55,71628,66],{"class":65},[55,71630,1477],{"class":318},[55,71632,29],{"class":65},[55,71634,26295],{"class":318},[55,71636,66],{"class":65},[55,71638,76],{"class":75},[55,71640,79],{"class":65},[55,71642,71643,71645,71647,71649,71651,71653],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,71644,62],{"class":61},[55,71646,66],{"class":65},[55,71648,1879],{"class":69},[55,71650,66],{"class":65},[55,71652,35906],{"class":318},[55,71654,79],{"class":65},[14,71656,71657],{},"Be careful with these debugging lines:",[240,71659,71660,71666],{},[243,71661,71662,71665],{},[18,71663,71664],{},"print(my_list.pop())"," changes the list",[243,71667,71668,71671],{},[18,71669,71670],{},"print(my_list.pop(0))"," also changes the list",[14,71673,71674,71675,71678],{},"If you only want to inspect the list, use ",[18,71676,71677],{},"print(my_list)"," first.",[41,71680,2139],{"id":2138},[889,71682,71684],{"id":71683},"does-pop-remove-the-last-item-by-default","Does pop() remove the last item by default?",[14,71686,71687,71688,71690],{},"Yes. If you do not pass an index, ",[18,71689,12807],{}," removes and returns the last item.",[889,71692,71694],{"id":71693},"what-is-the-difference-between-pop-and-remove","What is the difference between pop() and remove()?",[14,71696,71697,71699,71700,71702,71703,29],{},[18,71698,12807],{}," removes by index and returns the removed item. ",[18,71701,55599],{}," removes by value and returns ",[18,71704,481],{},[889,71706,71708],{"id":71707},"can-pop-use-negative-indexes","Can pop() use negative indexes?",[14,71710,71711,71712,71715],{},"Yes. For example, ",[18,71713,71714],{},"pop(-1)"," removes the last item.",[889,71717,71719],{"id":71718},"what-happens-if-the-list-is-empty","What happens if the list is empty?",[14,71721,71722,71723,71725],{},"Python raises ",[18,71724,70804],{}," because there is no item to remove.",[41,71727,2193],{"id":2192},[240,71729,71730,71734,71739,71744,71749],{},[243,71731,71732],{},[294,71733,55585],{"href":55137},[243,71735,71736],{},[294,71737,71738],{"href":55142},"Python list remove() method",[243,71740,71741],{},[294,71742,71743],{"href":59036},"Python list index() method",[243,71745,71746],{},[294,71747,71748],{"href":51048},"Python lists explained: beginner guide",[243,71750,71751],{},[294,71752,69332],{"href":69331},[2226,71754,71755],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":71757},[71758,71759,71760,71761,71762,71763,71764,71769,71775,71776,71782],{"id":2307,"depth":82,"text":2308},{"id":69933,"depth":82,"text":69934},{"id":2459,"depth":82,"text":2460},{"id":70243,"depth":82,"text":70244},{"id":70372,"depth":82,"text":70373},{"id":70643,"depth":82,"text":70644},{"id":70790,"depth":82,"text":70791,"children":71765},[71766,71767,71768],{"id":70794,"depth":98,"text":70795},{"id":70932,"depth":98,"text":70933},{"id":71115,"depth":98,"text":71116},{"id":71312,"depth":82,"text":71313,"children":71770},[71771,71773],{"id":71319,"depth":98,"text":71772},"Use pop() when:",{"id":71335,"depth":98,"text":71774},"Use remove() when:",{"id":1585,"depth":82,"text":1586},{"id":2138,"depth":82,"text":2139,"children":71777},[71778,71779,71780,71781],{"id":71683,"depth":98,"text":71684},{"id":71693,"depth":98,"text":71694},{"id":71707,"depth":98,"text":71708},{"id":71718,"depth":98,"text":71719},{"id":2192,"depth":82,"text":2193},"Master python list pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method",{"title":69800,"description":71783},"reference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method","kHX2O4xs3stUx9ClpKy3mBjYQCERRseG-ecaBv6b1II",{"id":71790,"title":71791,"body":71792,"description":73578,"extension":2267,"meta":73579,"navigation":1121,"path":73580,"seo":73581,"stem":73582,"__hash__":73583},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method.md","Python List remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":71793,"toc":73560},[71794,71797,71802,71808,71810,71880,71886,71890,71895,71916,71919,71986,71988,72009,72017,72019,72038,72054,72056,72121,72123,72148,72150,72152,72217,72219,72244,72246,72260,72263,72316,72318,72339,72343,72351,72424,72426,72459,72465,72471,72562,72564,72589,72595,72684,72686,72710,72712,72716,72771,72773,72805,72808,72811,72905,72907,72940,72946,72952,72956,72963,72989,72993,73058,73060,73085,73089,73170,73172,73201,73206,73211,73217,73221,73228,73250,73254,73313,73315,73339,73348,73353,73355,73359,73388,73390,73465,73468,73482,73488,73490,73494,73497,73501,73506,73510,73519,73523,73531,73533,73557],[10,71795,71791],{"id":71796},"python-list-remove-method",[14,71798,16,71799,71801],{},[18,71800,55145],{}," method deletes the first item in a list that matches a given value.",[14,71803,71804,71805,71807],{},"Use this method when you know the ",[435,71806,319],{}," you want to remove, not the position. This page focuses on removing by value, not by index.",[41,71809,2308],{"id":2307},[46,71811,71813],{"className":48,"code":71812,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[18,71814,71815,71847,71865,71875],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,71816,71817,71819,71821,71823,71825,71827,71829,71831,71833,71835,71837,71839,71841,71843,71845],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,71818,903],{"class":902},[55,71820,906],{"class":703},[55,71822,909],{"class":65},[55,71824,126],{"class":109},[55,71826,4364],{"class":129},[55,71828,126],{"class":109},[55,71830,163],{"class":65},[55,71832,793],{"class":109},[55,71834,4373],{"class":129},[55,71836,126],{"class":109},[55,71838,163],{"class":65},[55,71840,793],{"class":109},[55,71842,33278],{"class":129},[55,71844,126],{"class":109},[55,71846,924],{"class":65},[55,71848,71849,71851,71853,71855,71857,71859,71861,71863],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,71850,937],{"class":902},[55,71852,29],{"class":65},[55,71854,34853],{"class":318},[55,71856,66],{"class":65},[55,71858,126],{"class":109},[55,71860,4373],{"class":129},[55,71862,126],{"class":109},[55,71864,322],{"class":65},[55,71866,71867,71869,71871,71873],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,71868,62],{"class":61},[55,71870,66],{"class":65},[55,71872,937],{"class":318},[55,71874,322],{"class":65},[55,71876,71877],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,71878,71879],{"class":3956},"# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[14,71881,212,71882,71885],{},[18,71883,71884],{},"remove(value)"," to delete the first matching item from a list.",[41,71887,71889],{"id":71888},"what-remove-does","What remove() does",[14,71891,71892,71894],{},[18,71893,55599],{}," is a list method that:",[240,71896,71897,71903,71908,71913],{},[243,71898,71899,71900,71902],{},"Deletes the ",[435,71901,29964],{}," item in the list that matches the value",[243,71904,71905,71906],{},"Changes the original list ",[435,71907,11375],{},[243,71909,12748,71910,71912],{},[435,71911,4916],{}," return a new list",[243,71914,71915],{},"Is useful when you know the item value you want to delete",[14,71917,71918],{},"This is important for beginners:",[46,71920,71922],{"className":48,"code":71921,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.remove(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[18,71923,71924,71944,71962,71966,71976],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,71925,71926,71928,71930,71932,71934,71936,71938,71940,71942],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,71927,1168],{"class":902},[55,71929,906],{"class":703},[55,71931,909],{"class":65},[55,71933,93],{"class":75},[55,71935,163],{"class":65},[55,71937,166],{"class":75},[55,71939,163],{"class":65},[55,71941,171],{"class":75},[55,71943,924],{"class":65},[55,71945,71946,71948,71950,71952,71954,71956,71958,71960],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,71947,2534],{"class":902},[55,71949,906],{"class":703},[55,71951,1196],{"class":902},[55,71953,29],{"class":65},[55,71955,34853],{"class":318},[55,71957,66],{"class":65},[55,71959,707],{"class":75},[55,71961,322],{"class":65},[55,71963,71964],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,71965,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,71967,71968,71970,71972,71974],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,71969,62],{"class":61},[55,71971,66],{"class":65},[55,71973,332],{"class":318},[55,71975,322],{"class":65},[55,71977,71978,71980,71982,71984],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,71979,62],{"class":61},[55,71981,66],{"class":65},[55,71983,2569],{"class":318},[55,71985,322],{"class":65},[14,71987,281],{},[46,71989,71991],{"className":48,"code":71990,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[1, 3]\nNone\n",[18,71992,71993,72005],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,71994,71995,71997,71999,72001,72003],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,71996,4186],{"class":65},[55,71998,93],{"class":75},[55,72000,163],{"class":65},[55,72002,171],{"class":75},[55,72004,924],{"class":65},[55,72006,72007],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,72008,11851],{"class":187},[14,72010,72011,72012,72014,72015,29],{},"The list changed, but ",[18,72013,55599],{}," itself returned ",[18,72016,481],{},[41,72018,5715],{"id":5714},[46,72020,72022],{"className":48,"code":72021,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"list.remove(value)\n",[18,72023,72024],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,72025,72026,72028,72030,72032,72034,72036],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,72027,1229],{"class":69},[55,72029,29],{"class":65},[55,72031,34853],{"class":318},[55,72033,66],{"class":65},[55,72035,319],{"class":318},[55,72037,322],{"class":65},[240,72039,72040,72045,72048],{},[243,72041,72042,72044],{},[18,72043,319],{}," is the item you want to delete",[243,72046,72047],{},"Python searches from left to right",[243,72049,72050,72051,72053],{},"Only the ",[435,72052,29964],{}," matching value is removed",[14,72055,358],{},[46,72057,72059],{"className":48,"code":72058,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nletters.remove(\"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[18,72060,72061,72093,72111],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,72062,72063,72065,72067,72069,72071,72073,72075,72077,72079,72081,72083,72085,72087,72089,72091],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,72064,36151],{"class":902},[55,72066,906],{"class":703},[55,72068,909],{"class":65},[55,72070,126],{"class":109},[55,72072,294],{"class":129},[55,72074,126],{"class":109},[55,72076,163],{"class":65},[55,72078,793],{"class":109},[55,72080,5046],{"class":129},[55,72082,126],{"class":109},[55,72084,163],{"class":65},[55,72086,793],{"class":109},[55,72088,9777],{"class":129},[55,72090,126],{"class":109},[55,72092,924],{"class":65},[55,72094,72095,72097,72099,72101,72103,72105,72107,72109],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,72096,36204],{"class":902},[55,72098,29],{"class":65},[55,72100,34853],{"class":318},[55,72102,66],{"class":65},[55,72104,126],{"class":109},[55,72106,5046],{"class":129},[55,72108,126],{"class":109},[55,72110,322],{"class":65},[55,72112,72113,72115,72117,72119],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,72114,62],{"class":61},[55,72116,66],{"class":65},[55,72118,36204],{"class":318},[55,72120,322],{"class":65},[14,72122,281],{},[46,72124,72126],{"className":48,"code":72125,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['a', 'c']\n",[18,72127,72128],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,72129,72130,72132,72134,72136,72138,72140,72142,72144,72146],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,72131,4186],{"class":65},[55,72133,1923],{"class":109},[55,72135,294],{"class":129},[55,72137,1923],{"class":109},[55,72139,163],{"class":65},[55,72141,1918],{"class":109},[55,72143,9777],{"class":129},[55,72145,1923],{"class":109},[55,72147,924],{"class":65},[41,72149,6065],{"id":6064},[14,72151,65247],{},[46,72153,72155],{"className":48,"code":72154,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[18,72156,72157,72189,72207],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,72158,72159,72161,72163,72165,72167,72169,72171,72173,72175,72177,72179,72181,72183,72185,72187],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,72160,13121],{"class":902},[55,72162,906],{"class":703},[55,72164,909],{"class":65},[55,72166,126],{"class":109},[55,72168,13138],{"class":129},[55,72170,126],{"class":109},[55,72172,163],{"class":65},[55,72174,793],{"class":109},[55,72176,13155],{"class":129},[55,72178,126],{"class":109},[55,72180,163],{"class":65},[55,72182,793],{"class":109},[55,72184,17505],{"class":129},[55,72186,126],{"class":109},[55,72188,924],{"class":65},[55,72190,72191,72193,72195,72197,72199,72201,72203,72205],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,72192,17552],{"class":902},[55,72194,29],{"class":65},[55,72196,34853],{"class":318},[55,72198,66],{"class":65},[55,72200,126],{"class":109},[55,72202,13155],{"class":129},[55,72204,126],{"class":109},[55,72206,322],{"class":65},[55,72208,72209,72211,72213,72215],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,72210,62],{"class":61},[55,72212,66],{"class":65},[55,72214,17552],{"class":318},[55,72216,322],{"class":65},[14,72218,281],{},[46,72220,72222],{"className":48,"code":72221,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['red', 'green']\n",[18,72223,72224],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,72225,72226,72228,72230,72232,72234,72236,72238,72240,72242],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,72227,4186],{"class":65},[55,72229,1923],{"class":109},[55,72231,13138],{"class":129},[55,72233,1923],{"class":109},[55,72235,163],{"class":65},[55,72237,1918],{"class":109},[55,72239,17505],{"class":129},[55,72241,1923],{"class":109},[55,72243,924],{"class":65},[14,72245,11726],{},[240,72247,72248,72251,72257],{},[243,72249,72250],{},"A list is created with three values",[243,72252,72253,72256],{},[18,72254,72255],{},"remove(\"blue\")"," deletes the matching item",[243,72258,72259],{},"The list is printed after the change",[14,72261,72262],{},"You can use the same method with numbers too:",[46,72264,72266],{"className":48,"code":72265,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"scores = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nscores.remove(30)\nprint(scores)\n",[18,72267,72268,72292,72306],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,72269,72270,72272,72274,72276,72278,72280,72282,72284,72286,72288,72290],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,72271,5350],{"class":902},[55,72273,906],{"class":703},[55,72275,909],{"class":65},[55,72277,376],{"class":75},[55,72279,163],{"class":65},[55,72281,916],{"class":75},[55,72283,163],{"class":65},[55,72285,921],{"class":75},[55,72287,163],{"class":65},[55,72289,50912],{"class":75},[55,72291,924],{"class":65},[55,72293,72294,72296,72298,72300,72302,72304],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,72295,16437],{"class":902},[55,72297,29],{"class":65},[55,72299,34853],{"class":318},[55,72301,66],{"class":65},[55,72303,36903],{"class":75},[55,72305,322],{"class":65},[55,72307,72308,72310,72312,72314],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,72309,62],{"class":61},[55,72311,66],{"class":65},[55,72313,16437],{"class":318},[55,72315,322],{"class":65},[14,72317,281],{},[46,72319,72321],{"className":48,"code":72320,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[10, 20, 40]\n",[18,72322,72323],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,72324,72325,72327,72329,72331,72333,72335,72337],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,72326,4186],{"class":65},[55,72328,376],{"class":75},[55,72330,163],{"class":65},[55,72332,916],{"class":75},[55,72334,163],{"class":65},[55,72336,50912],{"class":75},[55,72338,924],{"class":65},[41,72340,72342],{"id":72341},"what-happens-with-duplicates","What happens with duplicates",[14,72344,65237,72345,72347,72348,72350],{},[18,72346,55599],{}," deletes only the ",[435,72349,29964],{}," one.",[46,72352,72354],{"className":48,"code":72353,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[18,72355,72356,72396,72414],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,72357,72358,72360,72362,72364,72366,72368,72370,72372,72374,72376,72378,72380,72382,72384,72386,72388,72390,72392,72394],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,72359,903],{"class":902},[55,72361,906],{"class":703},[55,72363,909],{"class":65},[55,72365,126],{"class":109},[55,72367,4364],{"class":129},[55,72369,126],{"class":109},[55,72371,163],{"class":65},[55,72373,793],{"class":109},[55,72375,4373],{"class":129},[55,72377,126],{"class":109},[55,72379,163],{"class":65},[55,72381,793],{"class":109},[55,72383,4364],{"class":129},[55,72385,126],{"class":109},[55,72387,163],{"class":65},[55,72389,793],{"class":109},[55,72391,33278],{"class":129},[55,72393,126],{"class":109},[55,72395,924],{"class":65},[55,72397,72398,72400,72402,72404,72406,72408,72410,72412],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,72399,937],{"class":902},[55,72401,29],{"class":65},[55,72403,34853],{"class":318},[55,72405,66],{"class":65},[55,72407,126],{"class":109},[55,72409,4364],{"class":129},[55,72411,126],{"class":109},[55,72413,322],{"class":65},[55,72415,72416,72418,72420,72422],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,72417,62],{"class":61},[55,72419,66],{"class":65},[55,72421,937],{"class":318},[55,72423,322],{"class":65},[14,72425,281],{},[46,72427,72429],{"className":48,"code":72428,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['banana', 'apple', 'orange']\n",[18,72430,72431],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,72432,72433,72435,72437,72439,72441,72443,72445,72447,72449,72451,72453,72455,72457],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,72434,4186],{"class":65},[55,72436,1923],{"class":109},[55,72438,4373],{"class":129},[55,72440,1923],{"class":109},[55,72442,163],{"class":65},[55,72444,1918],{"class":109},[55,72446,4364],{"class":129},[55,72448,1923],{"class":109},[55,72450,163],{"class":65},[55,72452,1918],{"class":109},[55,72454,33278],{"class":129},[55,72456,1923],{"class":109},[55,72458,924],{"class":65},[14,72460,72461,72462,72464],{},"Only the first ",[18,72463,57904],{}," was removed.",[14,72466,72467,72468,72470],{},"If you want to remove another matching value, call ",[18,72469,55599],{}," again:",[46,72472,72474],{"className":48,"code":72473,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[18,72475,72476,72516,72534,72552],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,72477,72478,72480,72482,72484,72486,72488,72490,72492,72494,72496,72498,72500,72502,72504,72506,72508,72510,72512,72514],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,72479,903],{"class":902},[55,72481,906],{"class":703},[55,72483,909],{"class":65},[55,72485,126],{"class":109},[55,72487,4364],{"class":129},[55,72489,126],{"class":109},[55,72491,163],{"class":65},[55,72493,793],{"class":109},[55,72495,4373],{"class":129},[55,72497,126],{"class":109},[55,72499,163],{"class":65},[55,72501,793],{"class":109},[55,72503,4364],{"class":129},[55,72505,126],{"class":109},[55,72507,163],{"class":65},[55,72509,793],{"class":109},[55,72511,33278],{"class":129},[55,72513,126],{"class":109},[55,72515,924],{"class":65},[55,72517,72518,72520,72522,72524,72526,72528,72530,72532],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,72519,937],{"class":902},[55,72521,29],{"class":65},[55,72523,34853],{"class":318},[55,72525,66],{"class":65},[55,72527,126],{"class":109},[55,72529,4364],{"class":129},[55,72531,126],{"class":109},[55,72533,322],{"class":65},[55,72535,72536,72538,72540,72542,72544,72546,72548,72550],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,72537,937],{"class":902},[55,72539,29],{"class":65},[55,72541,34853],{"class":318},[55,72543,66],{"class":65},[55,72545,126],{"class":109},[55,72547,4364],{"class":129},[55,72549,126],{"class":109},[55,72551,322],{"class":65},[55,72553,72554,72556,72558,72560],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,72555,62],{"class":61},[55,72557,66],{"class":65},[55,72559,937],{"class":318},[55,72561,322],{"class":65},[14,72563,281],{},[46,72565,72567],{"className":48,"code":72566,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['banana', 'orange']\n",[18,72568,72569],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,72570,72571,72573,72575,72577,72579,72581,72583,72585,72587],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,72572,4186],{"class":65},[55,72574,1923],{"class":109},[55,72576,4373],{"class":129},[55,72578,1923],{"class":109},[55,72580,163],{"class":65},[55,72582,1918],{"class":109},[55,72584,33278],{"class":129},[55,72586,1923],{"class":109},[55,72588,924],{"class":65},[14,72590,72591,72592,72594],{},"If you need to remove ",[435,72593,4009],{}," matching values, a list comprehension is usually better:",[46,72596,72598],{"className":48,"code":72597,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems = [item for item in items if item != \"apple\"]\nprint(items)\n",[18,72599,72600,72640,72674],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,72601,72602,72604,72606,72608,72610,72612,72614,72616,72618,72620,72622,72624,72626,72628,72630,72632,72634,72636,72638],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,72603,903],{"class":902},[55,72605,906],{"class":703},[55,72607,909],{"class":65},[55,72609,126],{"class":109},[55,72611,4364],{"class":129},[55,72613,126],{"class":109},[55,72615,163],{"class":65},[55,72617,793],{"class":109},[55,72619,4373],{"class":129},[55,72621,126],{"class":109},[55,72623,163],{"class":65},[55,72625,793],{"class":109},[55,72627,4364],{"class":129},[55,72629,126],{"class":109},[55,72631,163],{"class":65},[55,72633,793],{"class":109},[55,72635,33278],{"class":129},[55,72637,126],{"class":109},[55,72639,924],{"class":65},[55,72641,72642,72644,72646,72648,72650,72652,72654,72656,72659,72661,72663,72666,72668,72670,72672],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,72643,903],{"class":902},[55,72645,906],{"class":703},[55,72647,909],{"class":65},[55,72649,28593],{"class":902},[55,72651,6236],{"class":1193},[55,72653,6239],{"class":902},[55,72655,4168],{"class":1193},[55,72657,72658],{"class":902}," items ",[55,72660,38],{"class":1193},[55,72662,6239],{"class":902},[55,72664,72665],{"class":703},"!=",[55,72667,793],{"class":109},[55,72669,4364],{"class":129},[55,72671,126],{"class":109},[55,72673,924],{"class":65},[55,72675,72676,72678,72680,72682],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,72677,62],{"class":61},[55,72679,66],{"class":65},[55,72681,937],{"class":318},[55,72683,322],{"class":65},[14,72685,281],{},[46,72687,72688],{"className":48,"code":72566,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,72689,72690],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,72691,72692,72694,72696,72698,72700,72702,72704,72706,72708],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,72693,4186],{"class":65},[55,72695,1923],{"class":109},[55,72697,4373],{"class":129},[55,72699,1923],{"class":109},[55,72701,163],{"class":65},[55,72703,1918],{"class":109},[55,72705,33278],{"class":129},[55,72707,1923],{"class":109},[55,72709,924],{"class":65},[41,72711,65703],{"id":65702},[14,72713,65706,72714,29],{},[18,72715,40768],{},[46,72717,72719],{"className":48,"code":72718,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"grape\")\n",[18,72720,72721,72753],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,72722,72723,72725,72727,72729,72731,72733,72735,72737,72739,72741,72743,72745,72747,72749,72751],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,72724,903],{"class":902},[55,72726,906],{"class":703},[55,72728,909],{"class":65},[55,72730,126],{"class":109},[55,72732,4364],{"class":129},[55,72734,126],{"class":109},[55,72736,163],{"class":65},[55,72738,793],{"class":109},[55,72740,4373],{"class":129},[55,72742,126],{"class":109},[55,72744,163],{"class":65},[55,72746,793],{"class":109},[55,72748,33278],{"class":129},[55,72750,126],{"class":109},[55,72752,924],{"class":65},[55,72754,72755,72757,72759,72761,72763,72765,72767,72769],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,72756,937],{"class":902},[55,72758,29],{"class":65},[55,72760,34853],{"class":318},[55,72762,66],{"class":65},[55,72764,126],{"class":109},[55,72766,22585],{"class":129},[55,72768,126],{"class":109},[55,72770,322],{"class":65},[14,72772,281],{},[46,72774,72776],{"className":48,"code":72775,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list\n",[18,72777,72778],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,72779,72780,72782,72784,72786,72788,72790,72792,72794,72796,72798,72800,72802],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,72781,40768],{"class":69},[55,72783,790],{"class":65},[55,72785,22612],{"class":69},[55,72787,29],{"class":65},[55,72789,34853],{"class":318},[55,72791,66],{"class":65},[55,72793,2477],{"class":318},[55,72795,16500],{"class":65},[55,72797,4165],{"class":902},[55,72799,4916],{"class":703},[55,72801,21225],{"class":703},[55,72803,72804],{"class":69}," list\n",[14,72806,72807],{},"This is a common beginner mistake.",[14,72809,72810],{},"A safe pattern is to check first:",[46,72812,72814],{"className":48,"code":72813,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nvalue = \"grape\"\n\nif value in items:\n    items.remove(value)\n\nprint(items)\n",[18,72815,72816,72848,72860,72864,72876,72891,72895],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,72817,72818,72820,72822,72824,72826,72828,72830,72832,72834,72836,72838,72840,72842,72844,72846],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,72819,903],{"class":902},[55,72821,906],{"class":703},[55,72823,909],{"class":65},[55,72825,126],{"class":109},[55,72827,4364],{"class":129},[55,72829,126],{"class":109},[55,72831,163],{"class":65},[55,72833,793],{"class":109},[55,72835,4373],{"class":129},[55,72837,126],{"class":109},[55,72839,163],{"class":65},[55,72841,793],{"class":109},[55,72843,33278],{"class":129},[55,72845,126],{"class":109},[55,72847,924],{"class":65},[55,72849,72850,72852,72854,72856,72858],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,72851,1654],{"class":902},[55,72853,906],{"class":703},[55,72855,793],{"class":109},[55,72857,22585],{"class":129},[55,72859,1052],{"class":109},[55,72861,72862],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,72863,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,72865,72866,72868,72870,72872,72874],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,72867,38],{"class":1193},[55,72869,21636],{"class":902},[55,72871,4168],{"class":703},[55,72873,6244],{"class":902},[55,72875,1199],{"class":65},[55,72877,72878,72881,72883,72885,72887,72889],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,72879,72880],{"class":902},"    items",[55,72882,29],{"class":65},[55,72884,34853],{"class":318},[55,72886,66],{"class":65},[55,72888,319],{"class":318},[55,72890,322],{"class":65},[55,72892,72893],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,72894,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,72896,72897,72899,72901,72903],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,72898,62],{"class":61},[55,72900,66],{"class":65},[55,72902,937],{"class":318},[55,72904,322],{"class":65},[14,72906,281],{},[46,72908,72910],{"className":48,"code":72909,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[18,72911,72912],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,72913,72914,72916,72918,72920,72922,72924,72926,72928,72930,72932,72934,72936,72938],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,72915,4186],{"class":65},[55,72917,1923],{"class":109},[55,72919,4364],{"class":129},[55,72921,1923],{"class":109},[55,72923,163],{"class":65},[55,72925,1918],{"class":109},[55,72927,4373],{"class":129},[55,72929,1923],{"class":109},[55,72931,163],{"class":65},[55,72933,1918],{"class":109},[55,72935,33278],{"class":129},[55,72937,1923],{"class":109},[55,72939,924],{"class":65},[14,72941,72942,72943,72945],{},"This avoids the error because ",[18,72944,55599],{}," runs only if the value exists.",[14,72947,72948,72949,29],{},"If you are troubleshooting this kind of problem, see ",[294,72950,65912],{"href":72951},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F",[41,72953,72955],{"id":72954},"remove-vs-pop","remove() vs pop()",[14,72957,72958,4679,72960,72962],{},[18,72959,55599],{},[18,72961,12807],{}," both delete items from a list, but they work differently.",[240,72964,72965,72972,72978,72984],{},[243,72966,72967,72969,72970],{},[18,72968,55599],{}," deletes by ",[435,72971,319],{},[243,72973,72974,72969,72976],{},[18,72975,12807],{},[435,72977,35906],{},[243,72979,72980,1265,72982],{},[18,72981,55599],{},[18,72983,481],{},[243,72985,72986,72988],{},[18,72987,12807],{}," returns the removed item",[14,72990,46107,72991,790],{},[18,72992,55599],{},[46,72994,72996],{"className":48,"code":72995,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n",[18,72997,72998,73030,73048],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,72999,73000,73002,73004,73006,73008,73010,73012,73014,73016,73018,73020,73022,73024,73026,73028],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,73001,903],{"class":902},[55,73003,906],{"class":703},[55,73005,909],{"class":65},[55,73007,126],{"class":109},[55,73009,4364],{"class":129},[55,73011,126],{"class":109},[55,73013,163],{"class":65},[55,73015,793],{"class":109},[55,73017,4373],{"class":129},[55,73019,126],{"class":109},[55,73021,163],{"class":65},[55,73023,793],{"class":109},[55,73025,33278],{"class":129},[55,73027,126],{"class":109},[55,73029,924],{"class":65},[55,73031,73032,73034,73036,73038,73040,73042,73044,73046],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,73033,937],{"class":902},[55,73035,29],{"class":65},[55,73037,34853],{"class":318},[55,73039,66],{"class":65},[55,73041,126],{"class":109},[55,73043,4373],{"class":129},[55,73045,126],{"class":109},[55,73047,322],{"class":65},[55,73049,73050,73052,73054,73056],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,73051,62],{"class":61},[55,73053,66],{"class":65},[55,73055,937],{"class":318},[55,73057,322],{"class":65},[14,73059,281],{},[46,73061,73063],{"className":48,"code":73062,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['apple', 'orange']\n",[18,73064,73065],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,73066,73067,73069,73071,73073,73075,73077,73079,73081,73083],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,73068,4186],{"class":65},[55,73070,1923],{"class":109},[55,73072,4364],{"class":129},[55,73074,1923],{"class":109},[55,73076,163],{"class":65},[55,73078,1918],{"class":109},[55,73080,33278],{"class":129},[55,73082,1923],{"class":109},[55,73084,924],{"class":65},[14,73086,46107,73087,790],{},[18,73088,12807],{},[46,73090,73092],{"className":48,"code":73091,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nremoved_item = items.pop(1)\n\nprint(items)\nprint(removed_item)\n",[18,73093,73094,73126,73145,73149,73159],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,73095,73096,73098,73100,73102,73104,73106,73108,73110,73112,73114,73116,73118,73120,73122,73124],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,73097,903],{"class":902},[55,73099,906],{"class":703},[55,73101,909],{"class":65},[55,73103,126],{"class":109},[55,73105,4364],{"class":129},[55,73107,126],{"class":109},[55,73109,163],{"class":65},[55,73111,793],{"class":109},[55,73113,4373],{"class":129},[55,73115,126],{"class":109},[55,73117,163],{"class":65},[55,73119,793],{"class":109},[55,73121,33278],{"class":129},[55,73123,126],{"class":109},[55,73125,924],{"class":65},[55,73127,73128,73131,73133,73135,73137,73139,73141,73143],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,73129,73130],{"class":902},"removed_item ",[55,73132,906],{"class":703},[55,73134,6244],{"class":902},[55,73136,29],{"class":65},[55,73138,26295],{"class":318},[55,73140,66],{"class":65},[55,73142,93],{"class":75},[55,73144,322],{"class":65},[55,73146,73147],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,73148,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,73150,73151,73153,73155,73157],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,73152,62],{"class":61},[55,73154,66],{"class":65},[55,73156,937],{"class":318},[55,73158,322],{"class":65},[55,73160,73161,73163,73165,73168],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,73162,62],{"class":61},[55,73164,66],{"class":65},[55,73166,73167],{"class":318},"removed_item",[55,73169,322],{"class":65},[14,73171,281],{},[46,73173,73175],{"className":48,"code":73174,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['apple', 'orange']\nbanana\n",[18,73176,73177,73197],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,73178,73179,73181,73183,73185,73187,73189,73191,73193,73195],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,73180,4186],{"class":65},[55,73182,1923],{"class":109},[55,73184,4364],{"class":129},[55,73186,1923],{"class":109},[55,73188,163],{"class":65},[55,73190,1918],{"class":109},[55,73192,33278],{"class":129},[55,73194,1923],{"class":109},[55,73196,924],{"class":65},[55,73198,73199],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,73200,70479],{"class":902},[14,73202,212,73203,73205],{},[18,73204,55599],{}," when you know the item value.",[14,73207,212,73208,73210],{},[18,73209,12807],{}," when you know the position and want the removed item back.",[14,73212,73213,73214,29],{},"For more detail, see the ",[294,73215,73216],{"href":55149},"Python list pop() method",[41,73218,73220],{"id":73219},"remove-vs-del","remove() vs del",[14,73222,73223,4679,73225,73227],{},[18,73224,55599],{},[18,73226,27079],{}," are also different.",[240,73229,73230,73235,73240,73245],{},[243,73231,73232,73234],{},[18,73233,55599],{}," deletes by matching value",[243,73236,73237,73239],{},[18,73238,27079],{}," deletes by index or slice",[243,73241,212,73242,73244],{},[18,73243,27079],{}," when you know the position",[243,73246,212,73247,73249],{},[18,73248,55599],{}," when you know the item value",[14,73251,46107,73252,790],{},[18,73253,27079],{},[46,73255,73257],{"className":48,"code":73256,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ndel items[1]\nprint(items)\n",[18,73258,73259,73291,73303],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,73260,73261,73263,73265,73267,73269,73271,73273,73275,73277,73279,73281,73283,73285,73287,73289],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,73262,903],{"class":902},[55,73264,906],{"class":703},[55,73266,909],{"class":65},[55,73268,126],{"class":109},[55,73270,4364],{"class":129},[55,73272,126],{"class":109},[55,73274,163],{"class":65},[55,73276,793],{"class":109},[55,73278,4373],{"class":129},[55,73280,126],{"class":109},[55,73282,163],{"class":65},[55,73284,793],{"class":109},[55,73286,33278],{"class":129},[55,73288,126],{"class":109},[55,73290,924],{"class":65},[55,73292,73293,73295,73297,73299,73301],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,73294,27079],{"class":1193},[55,73296,6244],{"class":902},[55,73298,4186],{"class":65},[55,73300,93],{"class":75},[55,73302,924],{"class":65},[55,73304,73305,73307,73309,73311],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,73306,62],{"class":61},[55,73308,66],{"class":65},[55,73310,937],{"class":318},[55,73312,322],{"class":65},[14,73314,281],{},[46,73316,73317],{"className":48,"code":73062,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,73318,73319],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,73320,73321,73323,73325,73327,73329,73331,73333,73335,73337],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,73322,4186],{"class":65},[55,73324,1923],{"class":109},[55,73326,4364],{"class":129},[55,73328,1923],{"class":109},[55,73330,163],{"class":65},[55,73332,1918],{"class":109},[55,73334,33278],{"class":129},[55,73336,1923],{"class":109},[55,73338,924],{"class":65},[14,73340,73341,73342,73344,73345,73347],{},"This removed the item at index ",[18,73343,93],{},", not the value ",[18,73346,65347],{}," directly.",[14,73349,73350,73351,29],{},"If you are not sure whether you should remove by value or by position, see ",[294,73352,55138],{"href":55137},[41,73354,1586],{"id":1585},[14,73356,21263,73357,790],{},[18,73358,55599],{},[240,73360,73361,73364,73369,73376,73385],{},[243,73362,73363],{},"Trying to remove a value that is not in the list",[243,73365,1595,73366,73368],{},[18,73367,55599],{}," to delete all matching values",[243,73370,12638,73371,73373,73374],{},[18,73372,55599],{}," to a variable even though it returns ",[18,73375,481],{},[243,73377,1556,73378,44696,73380,25,73382,73384],{},[18,73379,55599],{},[18,73381,12807],{},[18,73383,27079],{}," would be a better fit",[243,73386,73387],{},"Confusing removing by value with removing by index",[14,73389,71579],{},[46,73391,73393],{"className":48,"code":73392,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(my_list)\nprint(value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(type(my_list))\nhelp(list.remove)\n",[18,73394,73395,73405,73419,73437,73451],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,73396,73397,73399,73401,73403],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,73398,62],{"class":61},[55,73400,66],{"class":65},[55,73402,1477],{"class":318},[55,73404,322],{"class":65},[55,73406,73407,73409,73411,73413,73415,73417],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,73408,62],{"class":61},[55,73410,66],{"class":65},[55,73412,1654],{"class":318},[55,73414,4168],{"class":1193},[55,73416,1534],{"class":318},[55,73418,322],{"class":65},[55,73420,73421,73423,73425,73427,73429,73431,73433,73435],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,73422,62],{"class":61},[55,73424,66],{"class":65},[55,73426,1477],{"class":318},[55,73428,29],{"class":65},[55,73430,41324],{"class":318},[55,73432,66],{"class":65},[55,73434,319],{"class":318},[55,73436,79],{"class":65},[55,73438,73439,73441,73443,73445,73447,73449],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,73440,62],{"class":61},[55,73442,66],{"class":65},[55,73444,1879],{"class":69},[55,73446,66],{"class":65},[55,73448,1477],{"class":318},[55,73450,79],{"class":65},[55,73452,73453,73455,73457,73459,73461,73463],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,73454,32209],{"class":61},[55,73456,66],{"class":65},[55,73458,1229],{"class":69},[55,73460,29],{"class":65},[55,73462,34853],{"class":24803},[55,73464,322],{"class":65},[14,73466,73467],{},"These checks can help you answer questions like:",[240,73469,73470,73473,73476,73479],{},[243,73471,73472],{},"Is the value really in the list?",[243,73474,73475],{},"How many times does it appear?",[243,73477,73478],{},"Am I working with a list?",[243,73480,73481],{},"Am I using the method correctly?",[14,73483,73484,73485,73487],{},"If you need to find a value before removing it, the ",[294,73486,71743],{"href":59036}," may also help.",[41,73489,2139],{"id":2138},[889,73491,73493],{"id":73492},"does-remove-delete-all-matching-items","Does remove() delete all matching items?",[14,73495,73496],{},"No. It removes only the first matching value.",[889,73498,73500],{"id":73499},"what-does-listremove-return","What does list.remove() return?",[14,73502,2157,73503,73505],{},[18,73504,481],{},". It changes the original list directly.",[889,73507,73509],{"id":73508},"how-do-i-avoid-an-error-if-the-value-is-missing","How do I avoid an error if the value is missing?",[14,73511,73512,73513,73516,73517,29],{},"Check with ",[18,73514,73515],{},"if value in my_list"," before calling ",[18,73518,55599],{},[889,73520,73522],{"id":73521},"should-i-use-remove-or-pop","Should I use remove() or pop()?",[14,73524,212,73525,73527,73528,73530],{},[18,73526,55599],{}," for a value and ",[18,73529,12807],{}," for an index.",[41,73532,2193],{"id":2192},[240,73534,73535,73539,73543,73547,73551],{},[243,73536,73537],{},[294,73538,55585],{"href":55137},[243,73540,73541],{},[294,73542,73216],{"href":55149},[243,73544,73545],{},[294,73546,71743],{"href":59036},[243,73548,73549],{},[294,73550,65912],{"href":72951},[243,73552,73553],{},[294,73554,73556],{"href":73555},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix\u002F","ValueError: substring not found fix",[2226,73558,73559],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":73561},[73562,73563,73564,73565,73566,73567,73568,73569,73570,73571,73577],{"id":2307,"depth":82,"text":2308},{"id":71888,"depth":82,"text":71889},{"id":5714,"depth":82,"text":5715},{"id":6064,"depth":82,"text":6065},{"id":72341,"depth":82,"text":72342},{"id":65702,"depth":82,"text":65703},{"id":72954,"depth":82,"text":72955},{"id":73219,"depth":82,"text":73220},{"id":1585,"depth":82,"text":1586},{"id":2138,"depth":82,"text":2139,"children":73572},[73573,73574,73575,73576],{"id":73492,"depth":98,"text":73493},{"id":73499,"depth":98,"text":73500},{"id":73508,"depth":98,"text":73509},{"id":73521,"depth":98,"text":73522},{"id":2192,"depth":82,"text":2193},"Master python list remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method",{"title":71791,"description":73578},"reference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method","jE1uuXBERpMbOGTd_fSVoHqAttuM8Gy2xT1krJOL_nM",{"id":73585,"title":73586,"body":73587,"description":75478,"extension":2267,"meta":75479,"navigation":1121,"path":75480,"seo":75481,"stem":75482,"__hash__":75483},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method.md","Python List reverse() Method",{"type":7,"value":73588,"toc":75448},[73589,73595,73601,73604,73615,73617,73666,73671,73676,73680,73695,73697,73762,73764,73805,73807,73809,73824,73826,73837,73839,73896,73898,73931,73933,73936,73985,73987,74012,74014,74030,74036,74043,74104,74106,74139,74144,74147,74227,74229,74290,74296,74300,74303,74367,74369,74394,74396,74416,74418,74467,74469,74490,74499,74502,74506,74511,74556,74558,74579,74585,74590,74598,74662,74664,74701,74707,74711,74718,74783,74785,74822,74826,74843,74853,74858,74863,74874,74881,74883,74889,74912,74915,74942,74947,74950,75051,75053,75108,75111,75218,75220,75291,75294,75320,75322,75327,75331,75339,75344,75349,75355,75360,75364,75367,75384,75387,75407,75415,75417,75445],[10,73590,54412,73592,11363],{"id":73591},"python-list-reverse-method",[18,73593,73594],{},"reverse()",[14,73596,73597,73600],{},[18,73598,73599],{},"list.reverse()"," reverses the order of items in a list.",[14,73602,73603],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it does not create a new list. This is important because beginners often expect it to return a reversed copy.",[14,73605,73606,73607,73609,73610,73614],{},"If you want to reverse a list, ",[18,73608,73594],{}," is useful when changing the original list is okay. If you need a new list instead, use ",[294,73611,73613],{"href":73612},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained\u002F","list slicing"," or another approach.",[41,73616,44],{"id":43},[46,73618,73620],{"className":48,"code":73619,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[18,73621,73622,73642,73653],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,73623,73624,73626,73628,73630,73632,73634,73636,73638,73640],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,73625,1168],{"class":902},[55,73627,906],{"class":703},[55,73629,909],{"class":65},[55,73631,93],{"class":75},[55,73633,163],{"class":65},[55,73635,166],{"class":75},[55,73637,163],{"class":65},[55,73639,171],{"class":75},[55,73641,924],{"class":65},[55,73643,73644,73646,73648,73651],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,73645,332],{"class":902},[55,73647,29],{"class":65},[55,73649,73650],{"class":318},"reverse",[55,73652,1789],{"class":65},[55,73654,73655,73657,73659,73661,73663],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,73656,62],{"class":61},[55,73658,66],{"class":65},[55,73660,332],{"class":318},[55,73662,3953],{"class":65},[55,73664,73665],{"class":3956},"  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[14,73667,73668,73670],{},[18,73669,73594],{}," changes the original list. It does not create a new list.",[41,73672,3970,73674,3973],{"id":73673},"what-listreverse-does",[18,73675,73599],{},[14,73677,73678,790],{},[18,73679,73599],{},[240,73681,73682,73685,73688,73692],{},[243,73683,73684],{},"Reverses the order of items in a list",[243,73686,73687],{},"Changes the original list directly",[243,73689,11465,73690],{},[18,73691,481],{},[243,73693,73694],{},"Works only on list objects",[14,73696,358],{},[46,73698,73700],{"className":48,"code":73699,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\"]\nletters.reverse()\nprint(letters)\n",[18,73701,73702,73742,73752],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,73703,73704,73706,73708,73710,73712,73714,73716,73718,73720,73722,73724,73726,73728,73730,73732,73734,73736,73738,73740],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,73705,36151],{"class":902},[55,73707,906],{"class":703},[55,73709,909],{"class":65},[55,73711,126],{"class":109},[55,73713,294],{"class":129},[55,73715,126],{"class":109},[55,73717,163],{"class":65},[55,73719,793],{"class":109},[55,73721,5046],{"class":129},[55,73723,126],{"class":109},[55,73725,163],{"class":65},[55,73727,793],{"class":109},[55,73729,9777],{"class":129},[55,73731,126],{"class":109},[55,73733,163],{"class":65},[55,73735,793],{"class":109},[55,73737,18818],{"class":129},[55,73739,126],{"class":109},[55,73741,924],{"class":65},[55,73743,73744,73746,73748,73750],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,73745,36204],{"class":902},[55,73747,29],{"class":65},[55,73749,73650],{"class":318},[55,73751,1789],{"class":65},[55,73753,73754,73756,73758,73760],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,73755,62],{"class":61},[55,73757,66],{"class":65},[55,73759,36204],{"class":318},[55,73761,322],{"class":65},[14,73763,281],{},[46,73765,73767],{"className":48,"code":73766,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['d', 'c', 'b', 'a']\n",[18,73768,73769],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,73770,73771,73773,73775,73777,73779,73781,73783,73785,73787,73789,73791,73793,73795,73797,73799,73801,73803],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,73772,4186],{"class":65},[55,73774,1923],{"class":109},[55,73776,18818],{"class":129},[55,73778,1923],{"class":109},[55,73780,163],{"class":65},[55,73782,1918],{"class":109},[55,73784,9777],{"class":129},[55,73786,1923],{"class":109},[55,73788,163],{"class":65},[55,73790,1918],{"class":109},[55,73792,5046],{"class":129},[55,73794,1923],{"class":109},[55,73796,163],{"class":65},[55,73798,1918],{"class":109},[55,73800,294],{"class":129},[55,73802,1923],{"class":109},[55,73804,924],{"class":65},[41,73806,2460],{"id":2459},[14,73808,2463],{},[46,73810,73812],{"className":48,"code":73811,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_list.reverse()\n",[18,73813,73814],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,73815,73816,73818,73820,73822],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,73817,1477],{"class":902},[55,73819,29],{"class":65},[55,73821,73650],{"class":318},[55,73823,1789],{"class":65},[14,73825,13097],{},[240,73827,73828,73831,73834],{},[243,73829,73830],{},"No arguments are needed",[243,73832,73833],{},"You call it on an existing list",[243,73835,73836],{},"It only works on lists",[14,73838,358],{},[46,73840,73842],{"className":48,"code":73841,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.reverse()\nprint(colors)\n",[18,73843,73844,73876,73886],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,73845,73846,73848,73850,73852,73854,73856,73858,73860,73862,73864,73866,73868,73870,73872,73874],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,73847,13121],{"class":902},[55,73849,906],{"class":703},[55,73851,909],{"class":65},[55,73853,126],{"class":109},[55,73855,13138],{"class":129},[55,73857,126],{"class":109},[55,73859,163],{"class":65},[55,73861,793],{"class":109},[55,73863,17505],{"class":129},[55,73865,126],{"class":109},[55,73867,163],{"class":65},[55,73869,793],{"class":109},[55,73871,13155],{"class":129},[55,73873,126],{"class":109},[55,73875,924],{"class":65},[55,73877,73878,73880,73882,73884],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,73879,17552],{"class":902},[55,73881,29],{"class":65},[55,73883,73650],{"class":318},[55,73885,1789],{"class":65},[55,73887,73888,73890,73892,73894],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,73889,62],{"class":61},[55,73891,66],{"class":65},[55,73893,17552],{"class":318},[55,73895,322],{"class":65},[14,73897,281],{},[46,73899,73901],{"className":48,"code":73900,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['blue', 'green', 'red']\n",[18,73902,73903],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,73904,73905,73907,73909,73911,73913,73915,73917,73919,73921,73923,73925,73927,73929],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,73906,4186],{"class":65},[55,73908,1923],{"class":109},[55,73910,13155],{"class":129},[55,73912,1923],{"class":109},[55,73914,163],{"class":65},[55,73916,1918],{"class":109},[55,73918,17505],{"class":129},[55,73920,1923],{"class":109},[55,73922,163],{"class":65},[55,73924,1918],{"class":109},[55,73926,13138],{"class":129},[55,73928,1923],{"class":109},[55,73930,924],{"class":65},[41,73932,11517],{"id":11516},[14,73934,73935],{},"Start with a list in normal order:",[46,73937,73939],{"className":48,"code":73938,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,73940,73941,73965,73975],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,73942,73943,73945,73947,73949,73951,73953,73955,73957,73959,73961,73963],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,73944,1168],{"class":902},[55,73946,906],{"class":703},[55,73948,909],{"class":65},[55,73950,376],{"class":75},[55,73952,163],{"class":65},[55,73954,916],{"class":75},[55,73956,163],{"class":65},[55,73958,921],{"class":75},[55,73960,163],{"class":65},[55,73962,50912],{"class":75},[55,73964,924],{"class":65},[55,73966,73967,73969,73971,73973],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,73968,332],{"class":902},[55,73970,29],{"class":65},[55,73972,73650],{"class":318},[55,73974,1789],{"class":65},[55,73976,73977,73979,73981,73983],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,73978,62],{"class":61},[55,73980,66],{"class":65},[55,73982,332],{"class":318},[55,73984,322],{"class":65},[14,73986,281],{},[46,73988,73990],{"className":48,"code":73989,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[18,73991,73992],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,73993,73994,73996,73998,74000,74002,74004,74006,74008,74010],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,73995,4186],{"class":65},[55,73997,56763],{"class":75},[55,73999,163],{"class":65},[55,74001,921],{"class":75},[55,74003,163],{"class":65},[55,74005,916],{"class":75},[55,74007,163],{"class":65},[55,74009,6283],{"class":75},[55,74011,924],{"class":65},[14,74013,11726],{},[240,74015,74016,74022,74027],{},[243,74017,74018,74019],{},"The list starts as ",[18,74020,74021],{},"[10, 20, 30, 40]",[243,74023,74024,74026],{},[18,74025,73594],{}," flips the order",[243,74028,74029],{},"Printing the same list shows the updated result",[41,74031,74033,74035],{"id":74032},"reverse-changes-the-original-list",[18,74034,73594],{}," changes the original list",[14,74037,74038,74039,74042],{},"This method is ",[435,74040,74041],{},"in-place",". That means the list itself is changed.",[46,74044,74046],{"className":48,"code":74045,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nfruits.reverse()\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[18,74047,74048,74080,74090,74094],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,74049,74050,74052,74054,74056,74058,74060,74062,74064,74066,74068,74070,74072,74074,74076,74078],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,74051,36300],{"class":902},[55,74053,906],{"class":703},[55,74055,909],{"class":65},[55,74057,126],{"class":109},[55,74059,4364],{"class":129},[55,74061,126],{"class":109},[55,74063,163],{"class":65},[55,74065,793],{"class":109},[55,74067,4373],{"class":129},[55,74069,126],{"class":109},[55,74071,163],{"class":65},[55,74073,793],{"class":109},[55,74075,4382],{"class":129},[55,74077,126],{"class":109},[55,74079,924],{"class":65},[55,74081,74082,74084,74086,74088],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,74083,36352],{"class":902},[55,74085,29],{"class":65},[55,74087,73650],{"class":318},[55,74089,1789],{"class":65},[55,74091,74092],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,74093,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,74095,74096,74098,74100,74102],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,74097,62],{"class":61},[55,74099,66],{"class":65},[55,74101,36352],{"class":318},[55,74103,322],{"class":65},[14,74105,281],{},[46,74107,74109],{"className":48,"code":74108,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[18,74110,74111],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,74112,74113,74115,74117,74119,74121,74123,74125,74127,74129,74131,74133,74135,74137],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,74114,4186],{"class":65},[55,74116,1923],{"class":109},[55,74118,4382],{"class":129},[55,74120,1923],{"class":109},[55,74122,163],{"class":65},[55,74124,1918],{"class":109},[55,74126,4373],{"class":129},[55,74128,1923],{"class":109},[55,74130,163],{"class":65},[55,74132,1918],{"class":109},[55,74134,4364],{"class":129},[55,74136,1923],{"class":109},[55,74138,924],{"class":65},[14,74140,212,74141,74143],{},[18,74142,73594],{}," when you want to modify the current list.",[14,74145,74146],{},"If you need a new reversed list and want to keep the original unchanged, use slicing:",[46,74148,74150],{"className":48,"code":74149,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nreversed_fruits = fruits[::-1]\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(reversed_fruits)\n",[18,74151,74152,74184,74202,74206,74216],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,74153,74154,74156,74158,74160,74162,74164,74166,74168,74170,74172,74174,74176,74178,74180,74182],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,74155,36300],{"class":902},[55,74157,906],{"class":703},[55,74159,909],{"class":65},[55,74161,126],{"class":109},[55,74163,4364],{"class":129},[55,74165,126],{"class":109},[55,74167,163],{"class":65},[55,74169,793],{"class":109},[55,74171,4373],{"class":129},[55,74173,126],{"class":109},[55,74175,163],{"class":65},[55,74177,793],{"class":109},[55,74179,4382],{"class":129},[55,74181,126],{"class":109},[55,74183,924],{"class":65},[55,74185,74186,74189,74191,74193,74196,74198,74200],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,74187,74188],{"class":902},"reversed_fruits ",[55,74190,906],{"class":703},[55,74192,52921],{"class":902},[55,74194,74195],{"class":65},"[::",[55,74197,704],{"class":703},[55,74199,93],{"class":75},[55,74201,924],{"class":65},[55,74203,74204],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,74205,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,74207,74208,74210,74212,74214],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,74209,62],{"class":61},[55,74211,66],{"class":65},[55,74213,36352],{"class":318},[55,74215,322],{"class":65},[55,74217,74218,74220,74222,74225],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,74219,62],{"class":61},[55,74221,66],{"class":65},[55,74223,74224],{"class":318},"reversed_fruits",[55,74226,322],{"class":65},[14,74228,281],{},[46,74230,74232],{"className":48,"code":74231,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[18,74233,74234,74262],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,74235,74236,74238,74240,74242,74244,74246,74248,74250,74252,74254,74256,74258,74260],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,74237,4186],{"class":65},[55,74239,1923],{"class":109},[55,74241,4364],{"class":129},[55,74243,1923],{"class":109},[55,74245,163],{"class":65},[55,74247,1918],{"class":109},[55,74249,4373],{"class":129},[55,74251,1923],{"class":109},[55,74253,163],{"class":65},[55,74255,1918],{"class":109},[55,74257,4382],{"class":129},[55,74259,1923],{"class":109},[55,74261,924],{"class":65},[55,74263,74264,74266,74268,74270,74272,74274,74276,74278,74280,74282,74284,74286,74288],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,74265,4186],{"class":65},[55,74267,1923],{"class":109},[55,74269,4382],{"class":129},[55,74271,1923],{"class":109},[55,74273,163],{"class":65},[55,74275,1918],{"class":109},[55,74277,4373],{"class":129},[55,74279,1923],{"class":109},[55,74281,163],{"class":65},[55,74283,1918],{"class":109},[55,74285,4364],{"class":129},[55,74287,1923],{"class":109},[55,74289,924],{"class":65},[14,74291,74292,74293,29],{},"If you want to learn more about this pattern, see ",[294,74294,74295],{"href":73612},"Python list slicing explained",[41,74297,74299],{"id":74298},"common-beginner-mistake-assigning-the-result","Common beginner mistake: assigning the result",[14,74301,74302],{},"A very common mistake is writing code like this:",[46,74304,74306],{"className":48,"code":74305,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_list = numbers.reverse()\n\nprint(new_list)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,74307,74308,74328,74342,74346,74357],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,74309,74310,74312,74314,74316,74318,74320,74322,74324,74326],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,74311,1168],{"class":902},[55,74313,906],{"class":703},[55,74315,909],{"class":65},[55,74317,93],{"class":75},[55,74319,163],{"class":65},[55,74321,166],{"class":75},[55,74323,163],{"class":65},[55,74325,171],{"class":75},[55,74327,924],{"class":65},[55,74329,74330,74332,74334,74336,74338,74340],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,74331,55960],{"class":902},[55,74333,906],{"class":703},[55,74335,1196],{"class":902},[55,74337,29],{"class":65},[55,74339,73650],{"class":318},[55,74341,1789],{"class":65},[55,74343,74344],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,74345,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,74347,74348,74350,74352,74355],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,74349,62],{"class":61},[55,74351,66],{"class":65},[55,74353,74354],{"class":318},"new_list",[55,74356,322],{"class":65},[55,74358,74359,74361,74363,74365],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,74360,62],{"class":61},[55,74362,66],{"class":65},[55,74364,332],{"class":318},[55,74366,322],{"class":65},[14,74368,281],{},[46,74370,74372],{"className":48,"code":74371,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"None\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[18,74373,74374,74378],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,74375,74376],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,74377,11851],{"class":187},[55,74379,74380,74382,74384,74386,74388,74390,74392],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,74381,4186],{"class":65},[55,74383,2366],{"class":75},[55,74385,163],{"class":65},[55,74387,166],{"class":75},[55,74389,163],{"class":65},[55,74391,5782],{"class":75},[55,74393,924],{"class":65},[14,74395,11943],{},[240,74397,74398,74406,74410],{},[243,74399,74400,74402,74403,74405],{},[18,74401,73594],{}," changes ",[18,74404,332],{}," directly",[243,74407,40970,74408,71912],{},[435,74409,4916],{},[243,74411,53723,74412,42220,74414],{},[18,74413,74354],{},[18,74415,481],{},[14,74417,61970],{},[46,74419,74421],{"className":48,"code":74420,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,74422,74423,74443,74453,74457],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,74424,74425,74427,74429,74431,74433,74435,74437,74439,74441],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,74426,1168],{"class":902},[55,74428,906],{"class":703},[55,74430,909],{"class":65},[55,74432,93],{"class":75},[55,74434,163],{"class":65},[55,74436,166],{"class":75},[55,74438,163],{"class":65},[55,74440,171],{"class":75},[55,74442,924],{"class":65},[55,74444,74445,74447,74449,74451],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,74446,332],{"class":902},[55,74448,29],{"class":65},[55,74450,73650],{"class":318},[55,74452,1789],{"class":65},[55,74454,74455],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,74456,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,74458,74459,74461,74463,74465],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,74460,62],{"class":61},[55,74462,66],{"class":65},[55,74464,332],{"class":318},[55,74466,322],{"class":65},[14,74468,281],{},[46,74470,74472],{"className":48,"code":74471,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[3, 2, 1]\n",[18,74473,74474],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,74475,74476,74478,74480,74482,74484,74486,74488],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,74477,4186],{"class":65},[55,74479,2366],{"class":75},[55,74481,163],{"class":65},[55,74483,166],{"class":75},[55,74485,163],{"class":65},[55,74487,5782],{"class":75},[55,74489,924],{"class":65},[41,74491,74493,10624,74495,74498],{"id":74492},"reverse-vs-sorted-vs-slicing",[18,74494,73594],{},[18,74496,74497],{},"sorted()"," vs slicing",[14,74500,74501],{},"These are similar, but they do different jobs.",[889,74503,74504],{"id":73650},[18,74505,73594],{},[14,74507,74508,74510],{},[18,74509,73594],{}," flips the current order of the list.",[46,74512,74514],{"className":48,"code":74513,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,74515,74516,74536,74546],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,74517,74518,74520,74522,74524,74526,74528,74530,74532,74534],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,74519,1168],{"class":902},[55,74521,906],{"class":703},[55,74523,909],{"class":65},[55,74525,2366],{"class":75},[55,74527,163],{"class":65},[55,74529,5782],{"class":75},[55,74531,163],{"class":65},[55,74533,166],{"class":75},[55,74535,924],{"class":65},[55,74537,74538,74540,74542,74544],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,74539,332],{"class":902},[55,74541,29],{"class":65},[55,74543,73650],{"class":318},[55,74545,1789],{"class":65},[55,74547,74548,74550,74552,74554],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,74549,62],{"class":61},[55,74551,66],{"class":65},[55,74553,332],{"class":318},[55,74555,322],{"class":65},[14,74557,281],{},[46,74559,74561],{"className":48,"code":74560,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[2, 1, 3]\n",[18,74562,74563],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,74564,74565,74567,74569,74571,74573,74575,74577],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,74566,4186],{"class":65},[55,74568,707],{"class":75},[55,74570,163],{"class":65},[55,74572,5782],{"class":75},[55,74574,163],{"class":65},[55,74576,171],{"class":75},[55,74578,924],{"class":65},[14,74580,74581,74582,74584],{},"Notice that this is ",[435,74583,4916],{}," sorted order. It is just the original list backward.",[889,74586,74588],{"id":74587},"sorted",[18,74589,74497],{},[14,74591,74592,74597],{},[294,74593,74595],{"href":74594},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained\u002F",[18,74596,74497],{}," returns a new list in sorted order.",[46,74599,74601],{"className":48,"code":74600,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[18,74602,74603,74623,74638,74642,74652],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,74604,74605,74607,74609,74611,74613,74615,74617,74619,74621],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,74606,1168],{"class":902},[55,74608,906],{"class":703},[55,74610,909],{"class":65},[55,74612,2366],{"class":75},[55,74614,163],{"class":65},[55,74616,5782],{"class":75},[55,74618,163],{"class":65},[55,74620,166],{"class":75},[55,74622,924],{"class":65},[55,74624,74625,74627,74629,74632,74634,74636],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,74626,2534],{"class":902},[55,74628,906],{"class":703},[55,74630,74631],{"class":61}," sorted",[55,74633,66],{"class":65},[55,74635,332],{"class":318},[55,74637,322],{"class":65},[55,74639,74640],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,74641,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,74643,74644,74646,74648,74650],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,74645,62],{"class":61},[55,74647,66],{"class":65},[55,74649,332],{"class":318},[55,74651,322],{"class":65},[55,74653,74654,74656,74658,74660],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,74655,62],{"class":61},[55,74657,66],{"class":65},[55,74659,2569],{"class":318},[55,74661,322],{"class":65},[14,74663,281],{},[46,74665,74667],{"className":48,"code":74666,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[3, 1, 2]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[18,74668,74669,74685],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,74670,74671,74673,74675,74677,74679,74681,74683],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,74672,4186],{"class":65},[55,74674,2366],{"class":75},[55,74676,163],{"class":65},[55,74678,5782],{"class":75},[55,74680,163],{"class":65},[55,74682,166],{"class":75},[55,74684,924],{"class":65},[55,74686,74687,74689,74691,74693,74695,74697,74699],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,74688,4186],{"class":65},[55,74690,93],{"class":75},[55,74692,163],{"class":65},[55,74694,166],{"class":75},[55,74696,163],{"class":65},[55,74698,171],{"class":75},[55,74700,924],{"class":65},[14,74702,74703,74704,29],{},"If you want descending sorted order, you can use ",[18,74705,74706],{},"sorted(numbers, reverse=True)",[889,74708,74710],{"id":74709},"slicing","Slicing",[14,74712,74713,74714,74717],{},"Slicing with ",[18,74715,74716],{},"[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy.",[46,74719,74721],{"className":48,"code":74720,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers[::-1]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[18,74722,74723,74743,74759,74763,74773],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,74724,74725,74727,74729,74731,74733,74735,74737,74739,74741],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,74726,1168],{"class":902},[55,74728,906],{"class":703},[55,74730,909],{"class":65},[55,74732,2366],{"class":75},[55,74734,163],{"class":65},[55,74736,5782],{"class":75},[55,74738,163],{"class":65},[55,74740,166],{"class":75},[55,74742,924],{"class":65},[55,74744,74745,74747,74749,74751,74753,74755,74757],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,74746,2534],{"class":902},[55,74748,906],{"class":703},[55,74750,1196],{"class":902},[55,74752,74195],{"class":65},[55,74754,704],{"class":703},[55,74756,93],{"class":75},[55,74758,924],{"class":65},[55,74760,74761],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,74762,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,74764,74765,74767,74769,74771],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,74766,62],{"class":61},[55,74768,66],{"class":65},[55,74770,332],{"class":318},[55,74772,322],{"class":65},[55,74774,74775,74777,74779,74781],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,74776,62],{"class":61},[55,74778,66],{"class":65},[55,74780,2569],{"class":318},[55,74782,322],{"class":65},[14,74784,281],{},[46,74786,74788],{"className":48,"code":74787,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[3, 1, 2]\n[2, 1, 3]\n",[18,74789,74790,74806],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,74791,74792,74794,74796,74798,74800,74802,74804],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,74793,4186],{"class":65},[55,74795,2366],{"class":75},[55,74797,163],{"class":65},[55,74799,5782],{"class":75},[55,74801,163],{"class":65},[55,74803,166],{"class":75},[55,74805,924],{"class":65},[55,74807,74808,74810,74812,74814,74816,74818,74820],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,74809,4186],{"class":65},[55,74811,707],{"class":75},[55,74813,163],{"class":65},[55,74815,5782],{"class":75},[55,74817,163],{"class":65},[55,74819,171],{"class":75},[55,74821,924],{"class":65},[889,74823,74825],{"id":74824},"quick-comparison","Quick comparison",[240,74827,74828,74833,74838],{},[243,74829,212,74830,74832],{},[18,74831,73594],{}," when you want to change the original list",[243,74834,212,74835,74837],{},[18,74836,74716],{}," when you want a reversed copy",[243,74839,212,74840,74842],{},[18,74841,74497],{}," when you want items in sorted order",[14,74844,74845,74846,74852],{},"You may also want to compare this with the ",[294,74847,74849,74850,10780],{"href":74848},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method\u002F","list ",[18,74851,64384],{},", which sorts a list in place instead of reversing it.",[41,74854,5247,74856],{"id":74855},"when-to-use-reverse",[18,74857,73594],{},[14,74859,74860,74862],{},[18,74861,73594],{}," is a good choice:",[240,74864,74865,74868,74871],{},[243,74866,74867],{},"When the list is already in the order you want to flip",[243,74869,74870],{},"When changing the original list is acceptable",[243,74872,74873],{},"When you want a simple built-in way to reverse items",[14,74875,74876,74877,29],{},"For a task-focused guide with multiple ways to do this, see ",[294,74878,74880],{"href":74879},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-reverse-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to reverse a list in Python",[41,74882,1586],{"id":1585},[14,74884,74885,74886,74888],{},"Beginners often run into problems with ",[18,74887,73594],{}," for these reasons:",[240,74890,74891,74895,74900,74905],{},[243,74892,12638,74893,12641],{},[18,74894,73594],{},[243,74896,1595,74897,74899],{},[18,74898,73594],{}," to sort values from highest to lowest",[243,74901,1556,74902,74904],{},[18,74903,73594],{}," on a string or tuple instead of a list",[243,74906,37266,74907,1851,74909],{},[18,74908,73594],{},[18,74910,74911],{},"reversed()",[14,74913,74914],{},"Here is an example of using it on the wrong type:",[46,74916,74918],{"className":48,"code":74917,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.reverse()\n",[18,74919,74920,74932],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,74921,74922,74924,74926,74928,74930],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,74923,34746],{"class":902},[55,74925,906],{"class":703},[55,74927,793],{"class":109},[55,74929,130],{"class":129},[55,74931,1052],{"class":109},[55,74933,74934,74936,74938,74940],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,74935,34767],{"class":902},[55,74937,29],{"class":65},[55,74939,73650],{"class":318},[55,74941,1789],{"class":65},[14,74943,74944,74945,33658],{},"This causes an error because strings do not have a ",[18,74946,73594],{},[14,74948,74949],{},"If you are not sure what type a variable is, check it first:",[46,74951,74953],{"className":48,"code":74952,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\n\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[18,74954,74955,74975,74979,74989,75003,75007,75021,75031,75035],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,74956,74957,74959,74961,74963,74965,74967,74969,74971,74973],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,74958,1446],{"class":902},[55,74960,906],{"class":703},[55,74962,909],{"class":65},[55,74964,93],{"class":75},[55,74966,163],{"class":65},[55,74968,166],{"class":75},[55,74970,163],{"class":65},[55,74972,171],{"class":75},[55,74974,924],{"class":65},[55,74976,74977],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,74978,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,74980,74981,74983,74985,74987],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,74982,62],{"class":61},[55,74984,66],{"class":65},[55,74986,1477],{"class":318},[55,74988,322],{"class":65},[55,74990,74991,74993,74995,74997,74999,75001],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,74992,62],{"class":61},[55,74994,66],{"class":65},[55,74996,1879],{"class":69},[55,74998,66],{"class":65},[55,75000,1477],{"class":318},[55,75002,79],{"class":65},[55,75004,75005],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,75006,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,75008,75009,75011,75013,75015,75017,75019],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,75010,2534],{"class":902},[55,75012,906],{"class":703},[55,75014,1534],{"class":902},[55,75016,29],{"class":65},[55,75018,73650],{"class":318},[55,75020,1789],{"class":65},[55,75022,75023,75025,75027,75029],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,75024,62],{"class":61},[55,75026,66],{"class":65},[55,75028,2569],{"class":318},[55,75030,322],{"class":65},[55,75032,75033],{"class":57,"line":582},[55,75034,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,75036,75037,75039,75041,75043,75045,75047,75049],{"class":57,"line":6706},[55,75038,62],{"class":61},[55,75040,66],{"class":65},[55,75042,1477],{"class":318},[55,75044,74195],{"class":65},[55,75046,704],{"class":703},[55,75048,93],{"class":75},[55,75050,4174],{"class":65},[14,75052,281],{},[46,75054,75056],{"className":48,"code":75055,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[1, 2, 1]\n",[18,75057,75058,75074,75088,75092],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,75059,75060,75062,75064,75066,75068,75070,75072],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,75061,4186],{"class":65},[55,75063,93],{"class":75},[55,75065,163],{"class":65},[55,75067,166],{"class":75},[55,75069,163],{"class":65},[55,75071,171],{"class":75},[55,75073,924],{"class":65},[55,75075,75076,75078,75080,75082,75084,75086],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,75077,1911],{"class":703},[55,75079,1915],{"class":1914},[55,75081,1918],{"class":109},[55,75083,1229],{"class":129},[55,75085,1923],{"class":109},[55,75087,1926],{"class":703},[55,75089,75090],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,75091,11851],{"class":187},[55,75093,75094,75096,75098,75100,75102,75104,75106],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,75095,4186],{"class":65},[55,75097,93],{"class":75},[55,75099,163],{"class":65},[55,75101,166],{"class":75},[55,75103,163],{"class":65},[55,75105,5782],{"class":75},[55,75107,924],{"class":65},[14,75109,75110],{},"Wait — the last output above would be wrong for that list, so here is the correct runnable example:",[46,75112,75114],{"className":48,"code":75113,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\nprint(my_list)\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[18,75115,75116,75136,75140,75150,75164,75168,75182,75192,75202],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,75117,75118,75120,75122,75124,75126,75128,75130,75132,75134],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,75119,1446],{"class":902},[55,75121,906],{"class":703},[55,75123,909],{"class":65},[55,75125,93],{"class":75},[55,75127,163],{"class":65},[55,75129,166],{"class":75},[55,75131,163],{"class":65},[55,75133,171],{"class":75},[55,75135,924],{"class":65},[55,75137,75138],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,75139,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,75141,75142,75144,75146,75148],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,75143,62],{"class":61},[55,75145,66],{"class":65},[55,75147,1477],{"class":318},[55,75149,322],{"class":65},[55,75151,75152,75154,75156,75158,75160,75162],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,75153,62],{"class":61},[55,75155,66],{"class":65},[55,75157,1879],{"class":69},[55,75159,66],{"class":65},[55,75161,1477],{"class":318},[55,75163,79],{"class":65},[55,75165,75166],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,75167,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,75169,75170,75172,75174,75176,75178,75180],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,75171,2534],{"class":902},[55,75173,906],{"class":703},[55,75175,1534],{"class":902},[55,75177,29],{"class":65},[55,75179,73650],{"class":318},[55,75181,1789],{"class":65},[55,75183,75184,75186,75188,75190],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,75185,62],{"class":61},[55,75187,66],{"class":65},[55,75189,2569],{"class":318},[55,75191,322],{"class":65},[55,75193,75194,75196,75198,75200],{"class":57,"line":582},[55,75195,62],{"class":61},[55,75197,66],{"class":65},[55,75199,1477],{"class":318},[55,75201,322],{"class":65},[55,75203,75204,75206,75208,75210,75212,75214,75216],{"class":57,"line":6706},[55,75205,62],{"class":61},[55,75207,66],{"class":65},[55,75209,1477],{"class":318},[55,75211,74195],{"class":65},[55,75213,704],{"class":703},[55,75215,93],{"class":75},[55,75217,4174],{"class":65},[14,75219,281],{},[46,75221,75223],{"className":48,"code":75222,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[3, 2, 1]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[18,75224,75225,75241,75255,75259,75275],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,75226,75227,75229,75231,75233,75235,75237,75239],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,75228,4186],{"class":65},[55,75230,93],{"class":75},[55,75232,163],{"class":65},[55,75234,166],{"class":75},[55,75236,163],{"class":65},[55,75238,171],{"class":75},[55,75240,924],{"class":65},[55,75242,75243,75245,75247,75249,75251,75253],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,75244,1911],{"class":703},[55,75246,1915],{"class":1914},[55,75248,1918],{"class":109},[55,75250,1229],{"class":129},[55,75252,1923],{"class":109},[55,75254,1926],{"class":703},[55,75256,75257],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,75258,11851],{"class":187},[55,75260,75261,75263,75265,75267,75269,75271,75273],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,75262,4186],{"class":65},[55,75264,2366],{"class":75},[55,75266,163],{"class":65},[55,75268,166],{"class":75},[55,75270,163],{"class":65},[55,75272,5782],{"class":75},[55,75274,924],{"class":65},[55,75276,75277,75279,75281,75283,75285,75287,75289],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,75278,4186],{"class":65},[55,75280,93],{"class":75},[55,75282,163],{"class":65},[55,75284,166],{"class":75},[55,75286,163],{"class":65},[55,75288,171],{"class":75},[55,75290,924],{"class":65},[14,75292,75293],{},"Notice the last line carefully:",[240,75295,75296,75305,75314],{},[243,75297,27850,75298,75301,75302],{},[18,75299,75300],{},"my_list.reverse()",", the list becomes ",[18,75303,75304],{},"[3, 2, 1]",[243,75306,11959,75307,75310,75311,22612],{},[18,75308,75309],{},"my_list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy of the ",[435,75312,75313],{},"current",[243,75315,75316,75317],{},"So it prints ",[18,75318,75319],{},"[1, 2, 3]",[41,75321,2139],{"id":2138},[889,75323,12748,75325,55539],{"id":75324},"does-listreverse-return-a-new-list",[18,75326,73599],{},[14,75328,62675,75329,29],{},[18,75330,481],{},[889,75332,34263,75334,34266,75336,2794],{"id":75333},"how-is-reverse-different-from-sortedreversetrue",[18,75335,73594],{},[18,75337,75338],{},"sorted(reverse=True)",[14,75340,75341,75343],{},[18,75342,73594],{}," only flips the current order.",[14,75345,75346,75348],{},[18,75347,75338],{}," sorts the items first, then returns them in descending order.",[889,75350,28383,75352,75354],{"id":75351},"can-i-use-reverse-on-a-tuple-or-string",[18,75353,73594],{}," on a tuple or string?",[14,75356,46432,75357,75359],{},[18,75358,73594],{}," is a list method. Tuples and strings do not have this method.",[889,75361,75363],{"id":75362},"how-do-i-reverse-a-list-without-changing-the-original","How do I reverse a list without changing the original?",[14,75365,75366],{},"Use slicing:",[46,75368,75370],{"className":48,"code":75369,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_list[::-1]\n",[18,75371,75372],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,75373,75374,75376,75378,75380,75382],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,75375,1477],{"class":902},[55,75377,74195],{"class":65},[55,75379,704],{"class":703},[55,75381,93],{"class":75},[55,75383,924],{"class":65},[14,75385,75386],{},"Or use:",[46,75388,75390],{"className":48,"code":75389,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"list(reversed(my_list))\n",[18,75391,75392],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,75393,75394,75396,75398,75401,75403,75405],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,75395,1229],{"class":69},[55,75397,66],{"class":65},[55,75399,75400],{"class":61},"reversed",[55,75402,66],{"class":65},[55,75404,1477],{"class":318},[55,75406,79],{"class":65},[14,75408,75409,75410,75414],{},"If you need to keep a separate version of a list before changing it, ",[294,75411,55590,75412],{"href":55030},[18,75413,12821],{}," can also help.",[41,75416,2193],{"id":2192},[240,75418,75419,75425,75431,75435,75439],{},[243,75420,75421],{},[294,75422,55590,75423,10780],{"href":74848},[18,75424,64384],{},[243,75426,75427],{},[294,75428,3871,75429,3804],{"href":74594},[18,75430,74497],{},[243,75432,75433],{},[294,75434,74880],{"href":74879},[243,75436,75437],{},[294,75438,74295],{"href":73612},[243,75440,75441],{},[294,75442,55590,75443,10780],{"href":55030},[18,75444,12821],{},[2226,75446,75447],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":75449},[75450,75451,75453,75454,75455,75457,75458,75465,75467,75468,75477],{"id":43,"depth":82,"text":44},{"id":73673,"depth":82,"text":75452},"What list.reverse() does",{"id":2459,"depth":82,"text":2460},{"id":11516,"depth":82,"text":11517},{"id":74032,"depth":82,"text":75456},"reverse() changes the original list",{"id":74298,"depth":82,"text":74299},{"id":74492,"depth":82,"text":75459,"children":75460},"reverse() vs sorted() vs slicing",[75461,75462,75463,75464],{"id":73650,"depth":98,"text":73594},{"id":74587,"depth":98,"text":74497},{"id":74709,"depth":98,"text":74710},{"id":74824,"depth":98,"text":74825},{"id":74855,"depth":82,"text":75466},"When to use reverse()",{"id":1585,"depth":82,"text":1586},{"id":2138,"depth":82,"text":2139,"children":75469},[75470,75472,75474,75476],{"id":75324,"depth":98,"text":75471},"Does list.reverse() return a new list?",{"id":75333,"depth":98,"text":75473},"How is reverse() different from sorted(reverse=True)?",{"id":75351,"depth":98,"text":75475},"Can I use reverse() on a tuple or string?",{"id":75362,"depth":98,"text":75363},{"id":2192,"depth":82,"text":2193},"Master python list reverse method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method",{"title":73586,"description":75478},"reference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method","GoeoBvCO4O891oJThYue_Af4uTq12-LuXTFyhK08BAs",{"id":75485,"title":75486,"body":75487,"description":77920,"extension":2267,"meta":77921,"navigation":1121,"path":77922,"seo":77923,"stem":77924,"__hash__":77925},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained.md","Python List Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":75488,"toc":77888},[75489,75492,75504,75507,75530,75538,75540,75652,75661,75665,75668,75671,75758,75760,75793,75795,75818,75824,75828,75831,75853,75855,75872,75875,75895,75897,76007,76009,76086,76090,76093,76136,76138,76271,76273,76375,76380,76384,76387,76389,76403,76406,76520,76522,76596,76598,76626,76630,76635,76665,76668,76794,76796,76878,76884,76888,76890,76929,76938,76942,76945,76949,76996,76998,77006,77010,77061,77063,77076,77078,77092,77095,77103,77105,77152,77154,77162,77165,77208,77213,77216,77219,77242,77246,77297,77300,77321,77331,77335,77337,77367,77370,77393,77397,77400,77467,77469,77506,77509,77517,77584,77586,77623,77629,77636,77640,77643,77673,77678,77682,77685,77709,77712,77806,77816,77818,77822,77825,77829,77832,77837,77840,77846,77849,77851,77879,77885],[10,75490,75486],{"id":75491},"python-list-slicing-explained",[14,75493,75494,75495,2493,75497,17121,75500,75503],{},"List slicing lets you get part of a list in Python. It is a very common pattern, and once you understand ",[18,75496,36133],{},[18,75498,75499],{},"stop",[18,75501,75502],{},"step",", it becomes much easier to read and write Python code.",[14,75505,75506],{},"The basic slice form is:",[46,75508,75510],{"className":48,"code":75509,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_list[start:stop:step]\n",[18,75511,75512],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,75513,75514,75516,75518,75520,75522,75524,75526,75528],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,75515,1477],{"class":902},[55,75517,4186],{"class":65},[55,75519,36133],{"class":902},[55,75521,790],{"class":65},[55,75523,75499],{"class":902},[55,75525,790],{"class":65},[55,75527,75502],{"class":902},[55,75529,924],{"class":65},[14,75531,75532,75533,75535,75536,29],{},"You can leave out parts of the slice, and Python will use default values. One important rule to remember is that the ",[18,75534,75499],{}," position is ",[435,75537,65142],{},[41,75539,2308],{"id":2307},[46,75541,75543],{"className":48,"code":75542,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # [20, 30, 40]\nprint(numbers[:3])    # [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers[::2])   # [10, 30, 50]\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[18,75544,75545,75573,75577,75598,75616,75633],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,75546,75547,75549,75551,75553,75555,75557,75559,75561,75563,75565,75567,75569,75571],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,75548,1168],{"class":902},[55,75550,906],{"class":703},[55,75552,909],{"class":65},[55,75554,376],{"class":75},[55,75556,163],{"class":65},[55,75558,916],{"class":75},[55,75560,163],{"class":65},[55,75562,921],{"class":75},[55,75564,163],{"class":65},[55,75566,50912],{"class":75},[55,75568,163],{"class":65},[55,75570,5367],{"class":75},[55,75572,924],{"class":65},[55,75574,75575],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,75576,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,75578,75579,75581,75583,75585,75587,75589,75591,75593,75595],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,75580,62],{"class":61},[55,75582,66],{"class":65},[55,75584,332],{"class":318},[55,75586,4186],{"class":65},[55,75588,93],{"class":75},[55,75590,790],{"class":65},[55,75592,2807],{"class":75},[55,75594,20497],{"class":65},[55,75596,75597],{"class":3956},"   # [20, 30, 40]\n",[55,75599,75600,75602,75604,75606,75609,75611,75613],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,75601,62],{"class":61},[55,75603,66],{"class":65},[55,75605,332],{"class":318},[55,75607,75608],{"class":65},"[:",[55,75610,2366],{"class":75},[55,75612,20497],{"class":65},[55,75614,75615],{"class":3956},"    # [10, 20, 30]\n",[55,75617,75618,75620,75622,75624,75626,75628,75630],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,75619,62],{"class":61},[55,75621,66],{"class":65},[55,75623,332],{"class":318},[55,75625,74195],{"class":65},[55,75627,707],{"class":75},[55,75629,20497],{"class":65},[55,75631,75632],{"class":3956},"   # [10, 30, 50]\n",[55,75634,75635,75637,75639,75641,75643,75645,75647,75649],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,75636,62],{"class":61},[55,75638,66],{"class":65},[55,75640,332],{"class":318},[55,75642,74195],{"class":65},[55,75644,704],{"class":703},[55,75646,93],{"class":75},[55,75648,20497],{"class":65},[55,75650,75651],{"class":3956},"  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[14,75653,212,75654,75657,75658,75660],{},[18,75655,75656],{},"list[start:stop:step]",". The ",[18,75659,75499],{}," value is not included.",[41,75662,75664],{"id":75663},"what-list-slicing-means","What list slicing means",[14,75666,75667],{},"Slicing gets part of a list.",[14,75669,75670],{},"It uses square brackets with colons:",[46,75672,75674],{"className":48,"code":75673,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\npart = letters[1:4]\nprint(part)\n",[18,75675,75676,75724,75728,75747],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,75677,75678,75680,75682,75684,75686,75688,75690,75692,75694,75696,75698,75700,75702,75704,75706,75708,75710,75712,75714,75716,75718,75720,75722],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,75679,36151],{"class":902},[55,75681,906],{"class":703},[55,75683,909],{"class":65},[55,75685,126],{"class":109},[55,75687,294],{"class":129},[55,75689,126],{"class":109},[55,75691,163],{"class":65},[55,75693,793],{"class":109},[55,75695,5046],{"class":129},[55,75697,126],{"class":109},[55,75699,163],{"class":65},[55,75701,793],{"class":109},[55,75703,9777],{"class":129},[55,75705,126],{"class":109},[55,75707,163],{"class":65},[55,75709,793],{"class":109},[55,75711,18818],{"class":129},[55,75713,126],{"class":109},[55,75715,163],{"class":65},[55,75717,793],{"class":109},[55,75719,60519],{"class":129},[55,75721,126],{"class":109},[55,75723,924],{"class":65},[55,75725,75726],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,75727,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,75729,75730,75733,75735,75737,75739,75741,75743,75745],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,75731,75732],{"class":902},"part ",[55,75734,906],{"class":703},[55,75736,70169],{"class":902},[55,75738,4186],{"class":65},[55,75740,93],{"class":75},[55,75742,790],{"class":65},[55,75744,2807],{"class":75},[55,75746,924],{"class":65},[55,75748,75749,75751,75753,75756],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,75750,62],{"class":61},[55,75752,66],{"class":65},[55,75754,75755],{"class":318},"part",[55,75757,322],{"class":65},[14,75759,281],{},[46,75761,75763],{"className":48,"code":75762,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['b', 'c', 'd']\n",[18,75764,75765],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,75766,75767,75769,75771,75773,75775,75777,75779,75781,75783,75785,75787,75789,75791],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,75768,4186],{"class":65},[55,75770,1923],{"class":109},[55,75772,5046],{"class":129},[55,75774,1923],{"class":109},[55,75776,163],{"class":65},[55,75778,1918],{"class":109},[55,75780,9777],{"class":129},[55,75782,1923],{"class":109},[55,75784,163],{"class":65},[55,75786,1918],{"class":109},[55,75788,18818],{"class":129},[55,75790,1923],{"class":109},[55,75792,924],{"class":65},[14,75794,13097],{},[240,75796,75797,75800,75803,75809,75815],{},[243,75798,75799],{},"Slicing gets part of a list",[243,75801,75802],{},"It uses square brackets with colons",[243,75804,75805,75806],{},"Basic form: ",[18,75807,75808],{},"list[start:stop]",[243,75810,75811,75812,75814],{},"The item at ",[18,75813,75499],{}," is not included",[243,75816,75817],{},"Slicing returns a new list",[14,75819,75820,75821,29],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with lists, see the ",[294,75822,75823],{"href":51048},"beginner guide to Python lists",[41,75825,75827],{"id":75826},"how-slice-positions-work","How slice positions work",[14,75829,75830],{},"A slice can have up to three parts:",[46,75832,75833],{"className":48,"code":75509,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,75834,75835],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,75836,75837,75839,75841,75843,75845,75847,75849,75851],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,75838,1477],{"class":902},[55,75840,4186],{"class":65},[55,75842,36133],{"class":902},[55,75844,790],{"class":65},[55,75846,75499],{"class":902},[55,75848,790],{"class":65},[55,75850,75502],{"class":902},[55,75852,924],{"class":65},[14,75854,65118],{},[240,75856,75857,75862,75867],{},[243,75858,75859,75861],{},[18,75860,36133],{}," is where slicing begins",[243,75863,75864,75866],{},[18,75865,75499],{}," is where slicing ends before that position",[243,75868,75869,75871],{},[18,75870,75502],{}," controls how many positions to move each time",[14,75873,75874],{},"If you leave part of the slice out:",[240,75876,75877,75883,75888],{},[243,75878,75879,75880,75882],{},"Missing ",[18,75881,36133],{}," means begin at the start of the list",[243,75884,75879,75885,75887],{},[18,75886,75499],{}," means go to the end of the list",[243,75889,75879,75890,75892,75893],{},[18,75891,75502],{}," means use ",[18,75894,93],{},[14,75896,358],{},[46,75898,75900],{"className":48,"code":75899,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\nprint(numbers[:3])    # start from the beginning\nprint(numbers[2:])    # go to the end\nprint(numbers[::1])   # step of 1\n",[18,75901,75902,75930,75934,75955,75972,75990],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,75903,75904,75906,75908,75910,75912,75914,75916,75918,75920,75922,75924,75926,75928],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,75905,1168],{"class":902},[55,75907,906],{"class":703},[55,75909,909],{"class":65},[55,75911,376],{"class":75},[55,75913,163],{"class":65},[55,75915,916],{"class":75},[55,75917,163],{"class":65},[55,75919,921],{"class":75},[55,75921,163],{"class":65},[55,75923,50912],{"class":75},[55,75925,163],{"class":65},[55,75927,5367],{"class":75},[55,75929,924],{"class":65},[55,75931,75932],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,75933,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,75935,75936,75938,75940,75942,75944,75946,75948,75950,75952],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,75937,62],{"class":61},[55,75939,66],{"class":65},[55,75941,332],{"class":318},[55,75943,4186],{"class":65},[55,75945,93],{"class":75},[55,75947,790],{"class":65},[55,75949,2807],{"class":75},[55,75951,20497],{"class":65},[55,75953,75954],{"class":3956},"   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\n",[55,75956,75957,75959,75961,75963,75965,75967,75969],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,75958,62],{"class":61},[55,75960,66],{"class":65},[55,75962,332],{"class":318},[55,75964,75608],{"class":65},[55,75966,2366],{"class":75},[55,75968,20497],{"class":65},[55,75970,75971],{"class":3956},"    # start from the beginning\n",[55,75973,75974,75976,75978,75980,75982,75984,75987],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,75975,62],{"class":61},[55,75977,66],{"class":65},[55,75979,332],{"class":318},[55,75981,4186],{"class":65},[55,75983,707],{"class":75},[55,75985,75986],{"class":65},":])",[55,75988,75989],{"class":3956},"    # go to the end\n",[55,75991,75992,75994,75996,75998,76000,76002,76004],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,75993,62],{"class":61},[55,75995,66],{"class":65},[55,75997,332],{"class":318},[55,75999,74195],{"class":65},[55,76001,93],{"class":75},[55,76003,20497],{"class":65},[55,76005,76006],{"class":3956},"   # step of 1\n",[14,76008,281],{},[46,76010,76012],{"className":48,"code":76011,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n[30, 40, 50]\n[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n",[18,76013,76014,76030,76046,76062],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,76015,76016,76018,76020,76022,76024,76026,76028],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,76017,4186],{"class":65},[55,76019,15802],{"class":75},[55,76021,163],{"class":65},[55,76023,921],{"class":75},[55,76025,163],{"class":65},[55,76027,50912],{"class":75},[55,76029,924],{"class":65},[55,76031,76032,76034,76036,76038,76040,76042,76044],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,76033,4186],{"class":65},[55,76035,376],{"class":75},[55,76037,163],{"class":65},[55,76039,916],{"class":75},[55,76041,163],{"class":65},[55,76043,921],{"class":75},[55,76045,924],{"class":65},[55,76047,76048,76050,76052,76054,76056,76058,76060],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,76049,4186],{"class":65},[55,76051,36903],{"class":75},[55,76053,163],{"class":65},[55,76055,50912],{"class":75},[55,76057,163],{"class":65},[55,76059,5367],{"class":75},[55,76061,924],{"class":65},[55,76063,76064,76066,76068,76070,76072,76074,76076,76078,76080,76082,76084],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,76065,4186],{"class":65},[55,76067,376],{"class":75},[55,76069,163],{"class":65},[55,76071,916],{"class":75},[55,76073,163],{"class":65},[55,76075,921],{"class":75},[55,76077,163],{"class":65},[55,76079,50912],{"class":75},[55,76081,163],{"class":65},[55,76083,5367],{"class":75},[55,76085,924],{"class":65},[41,76087,76089],{"id":76088},"common-slicing-patterns","Common slicing patterns",[14,76091,76092],{},"These are some of the most useful slice patterns to know:",[240,76094,76095,76104,76113,76124,76130],{},[243,76096,76097,76100,76101,6244],{},[18,76098,76099],{},"list[:n]"," gets the first ",[18,76102,76103],{},"n",[243,76105,76106,76109,76110,76112],{},[18,76107,76108],{},"list[n:]"," gets items from position ",[18,76111,76103],{}," to the end",[243,76114,76115,76118,76119,76121,76122],{},[18,76116,76117],{},"list[a:b]"," gets items from ",[18,76120,294],{}," up to ",[18,76123,5046],{},[243,76125,76126,76129],{},[18,76127,76128],{},"list[::2]"," gets every second item",[243,76131,76132,76135],{},[18,76133,76134],{},"list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy",[14,76137,358],{},[46,76139,76141],{"className":48,"code":76140,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[:3])    # first 3 items\nprint(numbers[3:])    # from index 3 to the end\nprint(numbers[1:5])   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\nprint(numbers[::2])   # every second item\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # reversed copy\n",[18,76142,76143,76176,76180,76197,76214,76235,76252],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,76144,76145,76147,76149,76151,76153,76155,76157,76159,76161,76163,76165,76167,76169,76171,76174],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,76146,1168],{"class":902},[55,76148,906],{"class":703},[55,76150,909],{"class":65},[55,76152,376],{"class":75},[55,76154,163],{"class":65},[55,76156,916],{"class":75},[55,76158,163],{"class":65},[55,76160,921],{"class":75},[55,76162,163],{"class":65},[55,76164,50912],{"class":75},[55,76166,163],{"class":65},[55,76168,5367],{"class":75},[55,76170,163],{"class":65},[55,76172,76173],{"class":75}," 60",[55,76175,924],{"class":65},[55,76177,76178],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,76179,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,76181,76182,76184,76186,76188,76190,76192,76194],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,76183,62],{"class":61},[55,76185,66],{"class":65},[55,76187,332],{"class":318},[55,76189,75608],{"class":65},[55,76191,2366],{"class":75},[55,76193,20497],{"class":65},[55,76195,76196],{"class":3956},"    # first 3 items\n",[55,76198,76199,76201,76203,76205,76207,76209,76211],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,76200,62],{"class":61},[55,76202,66],{"class":65},[55,76204,332],{"class":318},[55,76206,4186],{"class":65},[55,76208,2366],{"class":75},[55,76210,75986],{"class":65},[55,76212,76213],{"class":3956},"    # from index 3 to the end\n",[55,76215,76216,76218,76220,76222,76224,76226,76228,76230,76232],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,76217,62],{"class":61},[55,76219,66],{"class":65},[55,76221,332],{"class":318},[55,76223,4186],{"class":65},[55,76225,93],{"class":75},[55,76227,790],{"class":65},[55,76229,688],{"class":75},[55,76231,20497],{"class":65},[55,76233,76234],{"class":3956},"   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\n",[55,76236,76237,76239,76241,76243,76245,76247,76249],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,76238,62],{"class":61},[55,76240,66],{"class":65},[55,76242,332],{"class":318},[55,76244,74195],{"class":65},[55,76246,707],{"class":75},[55,76248,20497],{"class":65},[55,76250,76251],{"class":3956},"   # every second item\n",[55,76253,76254,76256,76258,76260,76262,76264,76266,76268],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,76255,62],{"class":61},[55,76257,66],{"class":65},[55,76259,332],{"class":318},[55,76261,74195],{"class":65},[55,76263,704],{"class":703},[55,76265,93],{"class":75},[55,76267,20497],{"class":65},[55,76269,76270],{"class":3956},"  # reversed copy\n",[14,76272,281],{},[46,76274,76276],{"className":48,"code":76275,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[10, 20, 30]\n[40, 50, 60]\n[20, 30, 40, 50]\n[10, 30, 50]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[18,76277,76278,76294,76310,76330,76346],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,76279,76280,76282,76284,76286,76288,76290,76292],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,76281,4186],{"class":65},[55,76283,376],{"class":75},[55,76285,163],{"class":65},[55,76287,916],{"class":75},[55,76289,163],{"class":65},[55,76291,921],{"class":75},[55,76293,924],{"class":65},[55,76295,76296,76298,76300,76302,76304,76306,76308],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,76297,4186],{"class":65},[55,76299,56763],{"class":75},[55,76301,163],{"class":65},[55,76303,5367],{"class":75},[55,76305,163],{"class":65},[55,76307,76173],{"class":75},[55,76309,924],{"class":65},[55,76311,76312,76314,76316,76318,76320,76322,76324,76326,76328],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,76313,4186],{"class":65},[55,76315,15802],{"class":75},[55,76317,163],{"class":65},[55,76319,921],{"class":75},[55,76321,163],{"class":65},[55,76323,50912],{"class":75},[55,76325,163],{"class":65},[55,76327,5367],{"class":75},[55,76329,924],{"class":65},[55,76331,76332,76334,76336,76338,76340,76342,76344],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,76333,4186],{"class":65},[55,76335,376],{"class":75},[55,76337,163],{"class":65},[55,76339,921],{"class":75},[55,76341,163],{"class":65},[55,76343,5367],{"class":75},[55,76345,924],{"class":65},[55,76347,76348,76350,76353,76355,76357,76359,76361,76363,76365,76367,76369,76371,76373],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,76349,4186],{"class":65},[55,76351,76352],{"class":75},"60",[55,76354,163],{"class":65},[55,76356,5367],{"class":75},[55,76358,163],{"class":65},[55,76360,50912],{"class":75},[55,76362,163],{"class":65},[55,76364,921],{"class":75},[55,76366,163],{"class":65},[55,76368,916],{"class":75},[55,76370,163],{"class":65},[55,76372,6283],{"class":75},[55,76374,924],{"class":65},[14,76376,76377,76378,29],{},"If you want to make a separate copy of a list, see ",[294,76379,14935],{"href":57290},[41,76381,76383],{"id":76382},"negative-indexes-in-slices","Negative indexes in slices",[14,76385,76386],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list.",[14,76388,5756],{},[240,76390,76391,76397],{},[243,76392,76393,76396],{},[18,76394,76395],{},"list[-1]"," is the last item",[243,76398,76399,76402],{},[18,76400,76401],{},"list[-2]"," is the second-to-last item",[14,76404,76405],{},"Negative indexes also work in slices.",[46,76407,76409],{"className":48,"code":76408,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\nprint(letters[-1])    # last item\nprint(letters[-3:])   # last 3 items\nprint(letters[:-1])   # everything except the last item\n",[18,76410,76411,76459,76463,76482,76501],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,76412,76413,76415,76417,76419,76421,76423,76425,76427,76429,76431,76433,76435,76437,76439,76441,76443,76445,76447,76449,76451,76453,76455,76457],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,76414,36151],{"class":902},[55,76416,906],{"class":703},[55,76418,909],{"class":65},[55,76420,126],{"class":109},[55,76422,294],{"class":129},[55,76424,126],{"class":109},[55,76426,163],{"class":65},[55,76428,793],{"class":109},[55,76430,5046],{"class":129},[55,76432,126],{"class":109},[55,76434,163],{"class":65},[55,76436,793],{"class":109},[55,76438,9777],{"class":129},[55,76440,126],{"class":109},[55,76442,163],{"class":65},[55,76444,793],{"class":109},[55,76446,18818],{"class":129},[55,76448,126],{"class":109},[55,76450,163],{"class":65},[55,76452,793],{"class":109},[55,76454,60519],{"class":129},[55,76456,126],{"class":109},[55,76458,924],{"class":65},[55,76460,76461],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,76462,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,76464,76465,76467,76469,76471,76473,76475,76477,76479],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,76466,62],{"class":61},[55,76468,66],{"class":65},[55,76470,36204],{"class":318},[55,76472,4186],{"class":65},[55,76474,704],{"class":703},[55,76476,93],{"class":75},[55,76478,20497],{"class":65},[55,76480,76481],{"class":3956},"    # last item\n",[55,76483,76484,76486,76488,76490,76492,76494,76496,76498],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,76485,62],{"class":61},[55,76487,66],{"class":65},[55,76489,36204],{"class":318},[55,76491,4186],{"class":65},[55,76493,704],{"class":703},[55,76495,2366],{"class":75},[55,76497,75986],{"class":65},[55,76499,76500],{"class":3956},"   # last 3 items\n",[55,76502,76503,76505,76507,76509,76511,76513,76515,76517],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,76504,62],{"class":61},[55,76506,66],{"class":65},[55,76508,36204],{"class":318},[55,76510,75608],{"class":65},[55,76512,704],{"class":703},[55,76514,93],{"class":75},[55,76516,20497],{"class":65},[55,76518,76519],{"class":3956},"   # everything except the last item\n",[14,76521,281],{},[46,76523,76525],{"className":48,"code":76524,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"e\n['c', 'd', 'e']\n['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[18,76526,76527,76532,76560],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,76528,76529],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,76530,76531],{"class":902},"e\n",[55,76533,76534,76536,76538,76540,76542,76544,76546,76548,76550,76552,76554,76556,76558],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,76535,4186],{"class":65},[55,76537,1923],{"class":109},[55,76539,9777],{"class":129},[55,76541,1923],{"class":109},[55,76543,163],{"class":65},[55,76545,1918],{"class":109},[55,76547,18818],{"class":129},[55,76549,1923],{"class":109},[55,76551,163],{"class":65},[55,76553,1918],{"class":109},[55,76555,60519],{"class":129},[55,76557,1923],{"class":109},[55,76559,924],{"class":65},[55,76561,76562,76564,76566,76568,76570,76572,76574,76576,76578,76580,76582,76584,76586,76588,76590,76592,76594],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,76563,4186],{"class":65},[55,76565,1923],{"class":109},[55,76567,294],{"class":129},[55,76569,1923],{"class":109},[55,76571,163],{"class":65},[55,76573,1918],{"class":109},[55,76575,5046],{"class":129},[55,76577,1923],{"class":109},[55,76579,163],{"class":65},[55,76581,1918],{"class":109},[55,76583,9777],{"class":129},[55,76585,1923],{"class":109},[55,76587,163],{"class":65},[55,76589,1918],{"class":109},[55,76591,18818],{"class":129},[55,76593,1923],{"class":109},[55,76595,924],{"class":65},[14,76597,13097],{},[240,76599,76600,76603,76607,76613,76619],{},[243,76601,76602],{},"Negative indexes count from the end",[243,76604,76605,76396],{},[18,76606,76395],{},[243,76608,76609,76612],{},[18,76610,76611],{},"list[-3:]"," gets the last three items",[243,76614,76615,76618],{},[18,76616,76617],{},"list[:-1]"," gets everything except the last item",[243,76620,76621,76622,4679,76624],{},"Negative indexes work with both ",[18,76623,36133],{},[18,76625,75499],{},[41,76627,76629],{"id":76628},"slice-step-and-reverse-order","Slice step and reverse order",[14,76631,16,76632,76634],{},[18,76633,75502],{}," value controls how far Python moves each time.",[240,76636,76637,76640,76643,76648,76658],{},[243,76638,76639],{},"A positive step moves left to right",[243,76641,76642],{},"A negative step moves right to left",[243,76644,76645,76647],{},[18,76646,76134],{}," is a common way to reverse a list copy",[243,76649,2029,76650,76652,76653,76655,76656],{},[18,76651,75502],{}," is negative, ",[18,76654,36133],{}," usually needs to be greater than ",[18,76657,75499],{},[243,76659,76660,76662,76663],{},[18,76661,75502],{}," cannot be ",[18,76664,76],{},[14,76666,76667],{},"Example with different step values:",[46,76669,76671],{"className":48,"code":76670,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[::2])     # every second item\nprint(numbers[1::2])    # every second item starting at index 1\nprint(numbers[::-1])    # reverse the list\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[18,76672,76673,76705,76709,76726,76748,76767],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,76674,76675,76677,76679,76681,76683,76685,76687,76689,76691,76693,76695,76697,76699,76701,76703],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,76676,1168],{"class":902},[55,76678,906],{"class":703},[55,76680,909],{"class":65},[55,76682,376],{"class":75},[55,76684,163],{"class":65},[55,76686,916],{"class":75},[55,76688,163],{"class":65},[55,76690,921],{"class":75},[55,76692,163],{"class":65},[55,76694,50912],{"class":75},[55,76696,163],{"class":65},[55,76698,5367],{"class":75},[55,76700,163],{"class":65},[55,76702,76173],{"class":75},[55,76704,924],{"class":65},[55,76706,76707],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,76708,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,76710,76711,76713,76715,76717,76719,76721,76723],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,76712,62],{"class":61},[55,76714,66],{"class":65},[55,76716,332],{"class":318},[55,76718,74195],{"class":65},[55,76720,707],{"class":75},[55,76722,20497],{"class":65},[55,76724,76725],{"class":3956},"     # every second item\n",[55,76727,76728,76730,76732,76734,76736,76738,76741,76743,76745],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,76729,62],{"class":61},[55,76731,66],{"class":65},[55,76733,332],{"class":318},[55,76735,4186],{"class":65},[55,76737,93],{"class":75},[55,76739,76740],{"class":65},"::",[55,76742,707],{"class":75},[55,76744,20497],{"class":65},[55,76746,76747],{"class":3956},"    # every second item starting at index 1\n",[55,76749,76750,76752,76754,76756,76758,76760,76762,76764],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,76751,62],{"class":61},[55,76753,66],{"class":65},[55,76755,332],{"class":318},[55,76757,74195],{"class":65},[55,76759,704],{"class":703},[55,76761,93],{"class":75},[55,76763,20497],{"class":65},[55,76765,76766],{"class":3956},"    # reverse the list\n",[55,76768,76769,76771,76773,76775,76777,76779,76781,76783,76785,76787,76789,76791],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,76770,62],{"class":61},[55,76772,66],{"class":65},[55,76774,332],{"class":318},[55,76776,4186],{"class":65},[55,76778,2807],{"class":75},[55,76780,790],{"class":65},[55,76782,93],{"class":75},[55,76784,790],{"class":65},[55,76786,704],{"class":703},[55,76788,93],{"class":75},[55,76790,20497],{"class":65},[55,76792,76793],{"class":3956},"  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[14,76795,281],{},[46,76797,76799],{"className":48,"code":76798,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[10, 30, 50]\n[20, 40, 60]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n[50, 40, 30]\n",[18,76800,76801,76817,76833,76861],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,76802,76803,76805,76807,76809,76811,76813,76815],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,76804,4186],{"class":65},[55,76806,376],{"class":75},[55,76808,163],{"class":65},[55,76810,921],{"class":75},[55,76812,163],{"class":65},[55,76814,5367],{"class":75},[55,76816,924],{"class":65},[55,76818,76819,76821,76823,76825,76827,76829,76831],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,76820,4186],{"class":65},[55,76822,15802],{"class":75},[55,76824,163],{"class":65},[55,76826,50912],{"class":75},[55,76828,163],{"class":65},[55,76830,76173],{"class":75},[55,76832,924],{"class":65},[55,76834,76835,76837,76839,76841,76843,76845,76847,76849,76851,76853,76855,76857,76859],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,76836,4186],{"class":65},[55,76838,76352],{"class":75},[55,76840,163],{"class":65},[55,76842,5367],{"class":75},[55,76844,163],{"class":65},[55,76846,50912],{"class":75},[55,76848,163],{"class":65},[55,76850,921],{"class":75},[55,76852,163],{"class":65},[55,76854,916],{"class":75},[55,76856,163],{"class":65},[55,76858,6283],{"class":75},[55,76860,924],{"class":65},[55,76862,76863,76865,76868,76870,76872,76874,76876],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,76864,4186],{"class":65},[55,76866,76867],{"class":75},"50",[55,76869,163],{"class":65},[55,76871,50912],{"class":75},[55,76873,163],{"class":65},[55,76875,921],{"class":75},[55,76877,924],{"class":65},[14,76879,76880,76881,29],{},"If you want to reverse a list in other ways, compare this with ",[294,76882,76883],{"href":74879},"how to reverse a list in Python",[889,76885,76887],{"id":76886},"step-cannot-be-0","Step cannot be 0",[14,76889,3139],{},[46,76891,76893],{"className":48,"code":76892,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[18,76894,76895,76915],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,76896,76897,76899,76901,76903,76905,76907,76909,76911,76913],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,76898,1168],{"class":902},[55,76900,906],{"class":703},[55,76902,909],{"class":65},[55,76904,93],{"class":75},[55,76906,163],{"class":65},[55,76908,166],{"class":75},[55,76910,163],{"class":65},[55,76912,171],{"class":75},[55,76914,924],{"class":65},[55,76916,76917,76919,76921,76923,76925,76927],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,76918,62],{"class":61},[55,76920,66],{"class":65},[55,76922,332],{"class":318},[55,76924,74195],{"class":65},[55,76926,76],{"class":75},[55,76928,4174],{"class":65},[14,76930,76931,76932,76934,76935,76937],{},"Python raises a ",[18,76933,40768],{}," because a slice step of ",[18,76936,76],{}," does not make sense.",[41,76939,76941],{"id":76940},"slicing-vs-indexing","Slicing vs indexing",[14,76943,76944],{},"Slicing and indexing look similar, but they do different things.",[889,76946,76948],{"id":76947},"indexing-gets-one-item","Indexing gets one item",[46,76950,76952],{"className":48,"code":76951,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[18,76953,76954,76978,76982],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,76955,76956,76958,76960,76962,76964,76966,76968,76970,76972,76974,76976],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,76957,1168],{"class":902},[55,76959,906],{"class":703},[55,76961,909],{"class":65},[55,76963,376],{"class":75},[55,76965,163],{"class":65},[55,76967,916],{"class":75},[55,76969,163],{"class":65},[55,76971,921],{"class":75},[55,76973,163],{"class":65},[55,76975,50912],{"class":75},[55,76977,924],{"class":65},[55,76979,76980],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,76981,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,76983,76984,76986,76988,76990,76992,76994],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,76985,62],{"class":61},[55,76987,66],{"class":65},[55,76989,332],{"class":318},[55,76991,4186],{"class":65},[55,76993,707],{"class":75},[55,76995,4174],{"class":65},[14,76997,281],{},[46,76999,77000],{"className":48,"code":69913,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,77001,77002],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,77003,77004],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,77005,69913],{"class":75},[889,77007,77009],{"id":77008},"slicing-gets-a-new-list","Slicing gets a new list",[46,77011,77013],{"className":48,"code":77012,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2:3])\n",[18,77014,77015,77039,77043],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,77016,77017,77019,77021,77023,77025,77027,77029,77031,77033,77035,77037],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,77018,1168],{"class":902},[55,77020,906],{"class":703},[55,77022,909],{"class":65},[55,77024,376],{"class":75},[55,77026,163],{"class":65},[55,77028,916],{"class":75},[55,77030,163],{"class":65},[55,77032,921],{"class":75},[55,77034,163],{"class":65},[55,77036,50912],{"class":75},[55,77038,924],{"class":65},[55,77040,77041],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,77042,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,77044,77045,77047,77049,77051,77053,77055,77057,77059],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,77046,62],{"class":61},[55,77048,66],{"class":65},[55,77050,332],{"class":318},[55,77052,4186],{"class":65},[55,77054,707],{"class":75},[55,77056,790],{"class":65},[55,77058,2366],{"class":75},[55,77060,4174],{"class":65},[14,77062,281],{},[46,77064,77066],{"className":48,"code":77065,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[30]\n",[18,77067,77068],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,77069,77070,77072,77074],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,77071,4186],{"class":65},[55,77073,36903],{"class":75},[55,77075,924],{"class":65},[14,77077,13809],{},[240,77079,77080,77086],{},[243,77081,77082,77085],{},[18,77083,77084],{},"numbers[2]"," returns one value",[243,77087,77088,77091],{},[18,77089,77090],{},"numbers[2:3]"," returns a list with one item",[14,77093,77094],{},"Another important difference is error behavior:",[240,77096,77097,77100],{},[243,77098,77099],{},"Out-of-range indexing can raise an error",[243,77101,77102],{},"Out-of-range slicing usually does not",[14,77104,358],{},[46,77106,77108],{"className":48,"code":77107,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5:10])\n",[18,77109,77110,77130,77134],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,77111,77112,77114,77116,77118,77120,77122,77124,77126,77128],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,77113,1168],{"class":902},[55,77115,906],{"class":703},[55,77117,909],{"class":65},[55,77119,376],{"class":75},[55,77121,163],{"class":65},[55,77123,916],{"class":75},[55,77125,163],{"class":65},[55,77127,921],{"class":75},[55,77129,924],{"class":65},[55,77131,77132],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,77133,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,77135,77136,77138,77140,77142,77144,77146,77148,77150],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,77137,62],{"class":61},[55,77139,66],{"class":65},[55,77141,332],{"class":318},[55,77143,4186],{"class":65},[55,77145,688],{"class":75},[55,77147,790],{"class":65},[55,77149,376],{"class":75},[55,77151,4174],{"class":65},[14,77153,281],{},[46,77155,77156],{"className":48,"code":38360,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,77157,77158],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,77159,77160],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,77161,38360],{"class":65},[14,77163,77164],{},"But this would raise an error:",[46,77166,77168],{"className":48,"code":77167,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[18,77169,77170,77190,77194],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,77171,77172,77174,77176,77178,77180,77182,77184,77186,77188],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,77173,1168],{"class":902},[55,77175,906],{"class":703},[55,77177,909],{"class":65},[55,77179,376],{"class":75},[55,77181,163],{"class":65},[55,77183,916],{"class":75},[55,77185,163],{"class":65},[55,77187,921],{"class":75},[55,77189,924],{"class":65},[55,77191,77192],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,77193,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,77195,77196,77198,77200,77202,77204,77206],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,77197,62],{"class":61},[55,77199,66],{"class":65},[55,77201,332],{"class":318},[55,77203,4186],{"class":65},[55,77205,688],{"class":75},[55,77207,4174],{"class":65},[14,77209,77210,77211,29],{},"If you run into that error, see ",[294,77212,69332],{"href":69331},[41,77214,15224],{"id":77215},"beginner-mistakes-to-avoid",[14,77217,77218],{},"These are the most common slicing mistakes:",[240,77220,77221,77225,77227,77230,77236],{},[243,77222,4989,77223,75814],{},[18,77224,75499],{},[243,77226,60764],{},[243,77228,77229],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original list",[243,77231,37266,77232,1851,77234],{},[18,77233,76134],{},[18,77235,73599],{},[243,77237,77238,77239,77241],{},"Using step ",[18,77240,76],{},", which causes an error",[889,77243,77245],{"id":77244},"_1-forgetting-that-stop-is-not-included","1. Forgetting that stop is not included",[46,77247,77249],{"className":48,"code":77248,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[18,77250,77251,77279],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,77252,77253,77255,77257,77259,77261,77263,77265,77267,77269,77271,77273,77275,77277],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,77254,1168],{"class":902},[55,77256,906],{"class":703},[55,77258,909],{"class":65},[55,77260,376],{"class":75},[55,77262,163],{"class":65},[55,77264,916],{"class":75},[55,77266,163],{"class":65},[55,77268,921],{"class":75},[55,77270,163],{"class":65},[55,77272,50912],{"class":75},[55,77274,163],{"class":65},[55,77276,5367],{"class":75},[55,77278,924],{"class":65},[55,77280,77281,77283,77285,77287,77289,77291,77293,77295],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,77282,62],{"class":61},[55,77284,66],{"class":65},[55,77286,332],{"class":318},[55,77288,4186],{"class":65},[55,77290,93],{"class":75},[55,77292,790],{"class":65},[55,77294,2807],{"class":75},[55,77296,4174],{"class":65},[14,77298,77299],{},"This returns:",[46,77301,77303],{"className":48,"code":77302,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[20, 30, 40]\n",[18,77304,77305],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,77306,77307,77309,77311,77313,77315,77317,77319],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,77308,4186],{"class":65},[55,77310,15802],{"class":75},[55,77312,163],{"class":65},[55,77314,921],{"class":75},[55,77316,163],{"class":65},[55,77318,50912],{"class":75},[55,77320,924],{"class":65},[14,77322,40970,77323,77325,77326,77328,77329,29],{},[435,77324,4916],{}," include ",[18,77327,76867],{},", because slicing stops before index ",[18,77330,2807],{},[889,77332,77334],{"id":77333},"_2-using-parentheses-instead-of-square-brackets","2. Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[14,77336,16692],{},[46,77338,77340],{"className":48,"code":77339,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# numbers(1:3)\n",[18,77341,77342,77362],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,77343,77344,77346,77348,77350,77352,77354,77356,77358,77360],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,77345,1168],{"class":902},[55,77347,906],{"class":703},[55,77349,909],{"class":65},[55,77351,376],{"class":75},[55,77353,163],{"class":65},[55,77355,916],{"class":75},[55,77357,163],{"class":65},[55,77359,921],{"class":75},[55,77361,924],{"class":65},[55,77363,77364],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,77365,77366],{"class":3956},"# numbers(1:3)\n",[14,77368,77369],{},"A slice must use square brackets:",[46,77371,77373],{"className":48,"code":77372,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(numbers[1:3])\n",[18,77374,77375],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,77376,77377,77379,77381,77383,77385,77387,77389,77391],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,77378,62],{"class":61},[55,77380,66],{"class":65},[55,77382,332],{"class":318},[55,77384,4186],{"class":65},[55,77386,93],{"class":75},[55,77388,790],{"class":65},[55,77390,2366],{"class":75},[55,77392,4174],{"class":65},[889,77394,77396],{"id":77395},"_3-expecting-slicing-to-modify-the-original-list","3. Expecting slicing to modify the original list",[14,77398,77399],{},"A slice creates a new list.",[46,77401,77403],{"className":48,"code":77402,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\npart = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,77404,77405,77429,77443,77447,77457],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,77406,77407,77409,77411,77413,77415,77417,77419,77421,77423,77425,77427],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,77408,1168],{"class":902},[55,77410,906],{"class":703},[55,77412,909],{"class":65},[55,77414,376],{"class":75},[55,77416,163],{"class":65},[55,77418,916],{"class":75},[55,77420,163],{"class":65},[55,77422,921],{"class":75},[55,77424,163],{"class":65},[55,77426,50912],{"class":75},[55,77428,924],{"class":65},[55,77430,77431,77433,77435,77437,77439,77441],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,77432,75732],{"class":902},[55,77434,906],{"class":703},[55,77436,1196],{"class":902},[55,77438,75608],{"class":65},[55,77440,707],{"class":75},[55,77442,924],{"class":65},[55,77444,77445],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,77446,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,77448,77449,77451,77453,77455],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,77450,62],{"class":61},[55,77452,66],{"class":65},[55,77454,75755],{"class":318},[55,77456,322],{"class":65},[55,77458,77459,77461,77463,77465],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,77460,62],{"class":61},[55,77462,66],{"class":65},[55,77464,332],{"class":318},[55,77466,322],{"class":65},[14,77468,281],{},[46,77470,77472],{"className":48,"code":77471,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[10, 20]\n[10, 20, 30, 40]\n",[18,77473,77474,77486],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,77475,77476,77478,77480,77482,77484],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,77477,4186],{"class":65},[55,77479,376],{"class":75},[55,77481,163],{"class":65},[55,77483,916],{"class":75},[55,77485,924],{"class":65},[55,77487,77488,77490,77492,77494,77496,77498,77500,77502,77504],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,77489,4186],{"class":65},[55,77491,376],{"class":75},[55,77493,163],{"class":65},[55,77495,916],{"class":75},[55,77497,163],{"class":65},[55,77499,921],{"class":75},[55,77501,163],{"class":65},[55,77503,50912],{"class":75},[55,77505,924],{"class":65},[14,77507,77508],{},"The original list stays the same unless you assign the result back.",[889,77510,77512,77513,1851,77515],{"id":77511},"_4-confusing-list-1-with-listreverse","4. Confusing ",[18,77514,76134],{},[18,77516,73599],{},[46,77518,77520],{"className":48,"code":77519,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nreversed_copy = numbers[::-1]\nprint(reversed_copy)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,77521,77522,77542,77546,77563,77574],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,77523,77524,77526,77528,77530,77532,77534,77536,77538,77540],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,77525,1168],{"class":902},[55,77527,906],{"class":703},[55,77529,909],{"class":65},[55,77531,376],{"class":75},[55,77533,163],{"class":65},[55,77535,916],{"class":75},[55,77537,163],{"class":65},[55,77539,921],{"class":75},[55,77541,924],{"class":65},[55,77543,77544],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,77545,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,77547,77548,77551,77553,77555,77557,77559,77561],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,77549,77550],{"class":902},"reversed_copy ",[55,77552,906],{"class":703},[55,77554,1196],{"class":902},[55,77556,74195],{"class":65},[55,77558,704],{"class":703},[55,77560,93],{"class":75},[55,77562,924],{"class":65},[55,77564,77565,77567,77569,77572],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,77566,62],{"class":61},[55,77568,66],{"class":65},[55,77570,77571],{"class":318},"reversed_copy",[55,77573,322],{"class":65},[55,77575,77576,77578,77580,77582],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,77577,62],{"class":61},[55,77579,66],{"class":65},[55,77581,332],{"class":318},[55,77583,322],{"class":65},[14,77585,281],{},[46,77587,77589],{"className":48,"code":77588,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[30, 20, 10]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[18,77590,77591,77607],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,77592,77593,77595,77597,77599,77601,77603,77605],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,77594,4186],{"class":65},[55,77596,36903],{"class":75},[55,77598,163],{"class":65},[55,77600,916],{"class":75},[55,77602,163],{"class":65},[55,77604,6283],{"class":75},[55,77606,924],{"class":65},[55,77608,77609,77611,77613,77615,77617,77619,77621],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,77610,4186],{"class":65},[55,77612,376],{"class":75},[55,77614,163],{"class":65},[55,77616,916],{"class":75},[55,77618,163],{"class":65},[55,77620,921],{"class":75},[55,77622,924],{"class":65},[14,77624,77625,77628],{},[18,77626,77627],{},"numbers[::-1]"," creates a reversed copy.",[14,77630,77631,77632,77635],{},"By contrast, ",[18,77633,77634],{},"numbers.reverse()"," changes the original list in place.",[889,77637,77639],{"id":77638},"_5-using-a-step-of-0","5. Using a step of 0",[14,77641,77642],{},"This is not allowed:",[46,77644,77646],{"className":48,"code":77645,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# print(numbers[::0])\n",[18,77647,77648,77668],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,77649,77650,77652,77654,77656,77658,77660,77662,77664,77666],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,77651,1168],{"class":902},[55,77653,906],{"class":703},[55,77655,909],{"class":65},[55,77657,376],{"class":75},[55,77659,163],{"class":65},[55,77661,916],{"class":75},[55,77663,163],{"class":65},[55,77665,921],{"class":75},[55,77667,924],{"class":65},[55,77669,77670],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,77671,77672],{"class":3956},"# print(numbers[::0])\n",[14,77674,77675,77676,29],{},"Python will raise a ",[18,77677,40768],{},[41,77679,77681],{"id":77680},"common-causes-of-slicing-confusion","Common causes of slicing confusion",[14,77683,77684],{},"If list slicing feels confusing at first, these are usually the reasons:",[240,77686,77687,77694,77700,77703,77706],{},[243,77688,37266,77689,4679,77691,77693],{},[18,77690,36133],{},[18,77692,75499],{}," positions",[243,77695,77696,77697,77699],{},"Assuming the ",[18,77698,75499],{}," index is included",[243,77701,77702],{},"Mixing up slicing and indexing",[243,77704,77705],{},"Using a negative step without understanding the direction",[243,77707,77708],{},"Expecting a slice to modify the original list",[14,77710,77711],{},"A good way to debug slices is to print the list and test small examples:",[46,77713,77715],{"className":48,"code":77714,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list[1:4])\nprint(my_list[:3])\nprint(my_list[-3:])\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[18,77716,77717,77727,77741,77759,77773,77790],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,77718,77719,77721,77723,77725],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,77720,62],{"class":61},[55,77722,66],{"class":65},[55,77724,1477],{"class":318},[55,77726,322],{"class":65},[55,77728,77729,77731,77733,77735,77737,77739],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,77730,62],{"class":61},[55,77732,66],{"class":65},[55,77734,11202],{"class":61},[55,77736,66],{"class":65},[55,77738,1477],{"class":318},[55,77740,79],{"class":65},[55,77742,77743,77745,77747,77749,77751,77753,77755,77757],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,77744,62],{"class":61},[55,77746,66],{"class":65},[55,77748,1477],{"class":318},[55,77750,4186],{"class":65},[55,77752,93],{"class":75},[55,77754,790],{"class":65},[55,77756,2807],{"class":75},[55,77758,4174],{"class":65},[55,77760,77761,77763,77765,77767,77769,77771],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,77762,62],{"class":61},[55,77764,66],{"class":65},[55,77766,1477],{"class":318},[55,77768,75608],{"class":65},[55,77770,2366],{"class":75},[55,77772,4174],{"class":65},[55,77774,77775,77777,77779,77781,77783,77785,77787],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,77776,62],{"class":61},[55,77778,66],{"class":65},[55,77780,1477],{"class":318},[55,77782,4186],{"class":65},[55,77784,704],{"class":703},[55,77786,2366],{"class":75},[55,77788,77789],{"class":65},":])\n",[55,77791,77792,77794,77796,77798,77800,77802,77804],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,77793,62],{"class":61},[55,77795,66],{"class":65},[55,77797,1477],{"class":318},[55,77799,74195],{"class":65},[55,77801,704],{"class":703},[55,77803,93],{"class":75},[55,77805,4174],{"class":65},[14,77807,1556,77808,77810,77811,77815],{},[18,77809,42426],{}," is especially helpful when you are checking positions in a list. See ",[294,77812,77814],{"href":77813},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len\u002F","Python list length with len()"," if you need a refresher.",[41,77817,2139],{"id":2138},[889,77819,77821],{"id":77820},"does-slicing-change-the-original-list","Does slicing change the original list?",[14,77823,77824],{},"No. A slice creates a new list unless you assign it back.",[889,77826,77828],{"id":77827},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-slice","Is the stop index included in a slice?",[14,77830,77831],{},"No. Python stops before that position.",[889,77833,5429,77835,40024],{"id":77834},"what-does-list-1-do",[18,77836,76134],{},[14,77838,77839],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the list.",[889,77841,77843,77844,2794],{"id":77842},"can-slicing-cause-indexerror","Can slicing cause ",[18,77845,70804],{},[14,77847,77848],{},"Usually no. Slices that go past the end return the available items.",[41,77850,2193],{"id":2192},[240,77852,77853,77858,77863,77867,77871,77875],{},[243,77854,77855],{},[294,77856,77857],{"href":51048},"Beginner guide to Python lists",[243,77859,77860],{},[294,77861,77862],{"href":57224},"How to create a list in Python",[243,77864,77865],{},[294,77866,15012],{"href":57290},[243,77868,77869],{},[294,77870,74880],{"href":74879},[243,77872,77873],{},[294,77874,77814],{"href":77813},[243,77876,77877],{},[294,77878,69332],{"href":69331},[14,77880,77881,77882,77884],{},"Practice with small lists first, such as 3 to 5 items. Once slicing feels natural, move on to list indexing, ",[18,77883,42426],{},", copying, and reversing.",[2226,77886,77887],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":77889},[77890,77891,77892,77893,77894,77895,77898,77902,77910,77911,77919],{"id":2307,"depth":82,"text":2308},{"id":75663,"depth":82,"text":75664},{"id":75826,"depth":82,"text":75827},{"id":76088,"depth":82,"text":76089},{"id":76382,"depth":82,"text":76383},{"id":76628,"depth":82,"text":76629,"children":77896},[77897],{"id":76886,"depth":98,"text":76887},{"id":76940,"depth":82,"text":76941,"children":77899},[77900,77901],{"id":76947,"depth":98,"text":76948},{"id":77008,"depth":98,"text":77009},{"id":77215,"depth":82,"text":15224,"children":77903},[77904,77905,77906,77907,77909],{"id":77244,"depth":98,"text":77245},{"id":77333,"depth":98,"text":77334},{"id":77395,"depth":98,"text":77396},{"id":77511,"depth":98,"text":77908},"4. Confusing list[::-1] with list.reverse()",{"id":77638,"depth":98,"text":77639},{"id":77680,"depth":82,"text":77681},{"id":2138,"depth":82,"text":2139,"children":77912},[77913,77914,77915,77917],{"id":77820,"depth":98,"text":77821},{"id":77827,"depth":98,"text":77828},{"id":77834,"depth":98,"text":77916},"What does list[::-1] do?",{"id":77842,"depth":98,"text":77918},"Can slicing cause IndexError?",{"id":2192,"depth":82,"text":2193},"Master python list slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained",{"title":75486,"description":77920},"reference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained","pKnzxErXID1m6QqeoQmUcGq-aEEzjpIsufZXfnjTT8o",{"id":77927,"title":77928,"body":77929,"description":79998,"extension":2267,"meta":79999,"navigation":1121,"path":80000,"seo":80001,"stem":80002,"__hash__":80003},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method.md","Python List sort() Method",{"type":7,"value":77930,"toc":79964},[77931,77936,77942,77948,77950,77997,78004,78009,78013,78028,78031,78084,78086,78111,78116,78118,78150,78153,78169,78171,78232,78234,78259,78263,78268,78321,78323,78348,78353,78414,78416,78441,78444,78451,78455,78458,78519,78521,78554,78557,78618,78620,78653,78659,78732,78734,78766,78773,78778,78783,78785,78797,78800,78878,78880,78921,78924,78998,79000,79033,79038,79045,79052,79056,79065,79069,79077,79079,79146,79148,79184,79189,79200,79202,79207,79212,79214,79277,79279,79304,79311,79316,79320,79323,79363,79368,79374,79379,79381,79408,79413,79416,79463,79465,79522,79529,79534,79540,79609,79613,79616,79679,79681,79714,79719,79721,79724,79805,79807,79831,79837,79839,79844,79848,79855,79863,79867,79869,79892,79896,79898,79925,79928,79935,79938,79940,79961],[10,77932,54412,77934,11363],{"id":77933},"python-list-sort-method",[18,77935,64384],{},[14,77937,77938,77941],{},[18,77939,77940],{},"list.sort()"," is the built-in list method for sorting items in a list.",[14,77943,77944,77945,77947],{},"Use this page as a quick reference for what ",[18,77946,64384],{}," does, how its main arguments work, and the beginner mistakes to avoid.",[41,77949,2308],{"id":2307},[46,77951,77953],{"className":48,"code":77952,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(numbers)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[18,77954,77955,77975,77985],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,77956,77957,77959,77961,77963,77965,77967,77969,77971,77973],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,77958,1168],{"class":902},[55,77960,906],{"class":703},[55,77962,909],{"class":65},[55,77964,2366],{"class":75},[55,77966,163],{"class":65},[55,77968,5782],{"class":75},[55,77970,163],{"class":65},[55,77972,166],{"class":75},[55,77974,924],{"class":65},[55,77976,77977,77979,77981,77983],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,77978,332],{"class":902},[55,77980,29],{"class":65},[55,77982,34858],{"class":318},[55,77984,1789],{"class":65},[55,77986,77987,77989,77991,77993,77995],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,77988,62],{"class":61},[55,77990,66],{"class":65},[55,77992,332],{"class":318},[55,77994,3953],{"class":65},[55,77996,55002],{"class":3956},[14,77998,212,77999,78001,78002,29],{},[18,78000,77940],{}," to sort a list in place. It changes the original list and returns ",[18,78003,481],{},[41,78005,3970,78007,3973],{"id":78006},"what-listsort-does",[18,78008,77940],{},[14,78010,78011,790],{},[18,78012,77940],{},[240,78014,78015,78018,78021,78025],{},[243,78016,78017],{},"Sorts the items of a list in place",[243,78019,78020],{},"Changes the original list",[243,78022,11465,78023],{},[18,78024,481],{},[243,78026,78027],{},"Works for numbers and strings when items can be compared",[14,78029,78030],{},"This means the list itself is updated after you call the method.",[46,78032,78034],{"className":48,"code":78033,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,78035,78036,78060,78070,78074],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,78037,78038,78040,78042,78044,78046,78048,78050,78052,78054,78056,78058],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,78039,1168],{"class":902},[55,78041,906],{"class":703},[55,78043,909],{"class":65},[55,78045,688],{"class":75},[55,78047,163],{"class":65},[55,78049,166],{"class":75},[55,78051,163],{"class":65},[55,78053,54206],{"class":75},[55,78055,163],{"class":65},[55,78057,5782],{"class":75},[55,78059,924],{"class":65},[55,78061,78062,78064,78066,78068],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,78063,332],{"class":902},[55,78065,29],{"class":65},[55,78067,34858],{"class":318},[55,78069,1789],{"class":65},[55,78071,78072],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,78073,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,78075,78076,78078,78080,78082],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,78077,62],{"class":61},[55,78079,66],{"class":65},[55,78081,332],{"class":318},[55,78083,322],{"class":65},[14,78085,281],{},[46,78087,78089],{"className":48,"code":78088,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[1, 2, 5, 9]\n",[18,78090,78091],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,78092,78093,78095,78097,78099,78101,78103,78105,78107,78109],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,78094,4186],{"class":65},[55,78096,93],{"class":75},[55,78098,163],{"class":65},[55,78100,166],{"class":75},[55,78102,163],{"class":65},[55,78104,4890],{"class":75},[55,78106,163],{"class":65},[55,78108,54206],{"class":75},[55,78110,924],{"class":65},[14,78112,78113,78114,29],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, see the ",[294,78115,67150],{"href":51048},[41,78117,2460],{"id":2459},[46,78119,78121],{"className":48,"code":78120,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_list.sort(key=None, reverse=False)\n",[18,78122,78123],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,78124,78125,78127,78129,78131,78133,78135,78137,78139,78141,78144,78146,78148],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,78126,1477],{"class":902},[55,78128,29],{"class":65},[55,78130,34858],{"class":318},[55,78132,66],{"class":65},[55,78134,14888],{"class":9212},[55,78136,906],{"class":703},[55,78138,481],{"class":187},[55,78140,163],{"class":65},[55,78142,78143],{"class":9212}," reverse",[55,78145,906],{"class":703},[55,78147,28],{"class":187},[55,78149,322],{"class":65},[14,78151,78152],{},"Main arguments:",[240,78154,78155,78160,78166],{},[243,78156,78157,78159],{},[18,78158,14888],{}," lets you sort by a custom rule",[243,78161,78162,78165],{},[18,78163,78164],{},"reverse=True"," sorts in descending order",[243,78167,78168],{},"If no arguments are given, sorting is ascending",[14,78170,358],{},[46,78172,78174],{"className":48,"code":78173,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [4, 1, 7, 2]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,78175,78176,78200,78218,78222],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,78177,78178,78180,78182,78184,78186,78188,78190,78192,78194,78196,78198],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,78179,1168],{"class":902},[55,78181,906],{"class":703},[55,78183,909],{"class":65},[55,78185,2807],{"class":75},[55,78187,163],{"class":65},[55,78189,5782],{"class":75},[55,78191,163],{"class":65},[55,78193,6272],{"class":75},[55,78195,163],{"class":65},[55,78197,166],{"class":75},[55,78199,924],{"class":65},[55,78201,78202,78204,78206,78208,78210,78212,78214,78216],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,78203,332],{"class":902},[55,78205,29],{"class":65},[55,78207,34858],{"class":318},[55,78209,66],{"class":65},[55,78211,73650],{"class":9212},[55,78213,906],{"class":703},[55,78215,24],{"class":187},[55,78217,322],{"class":65},[55,78219,78220],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,78221,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,78223,78224,78226,78228,78230],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,78225,62],{"class":61},[55,78227,66],{"class":65},[55,78229,332],{"class":318},[55,78231,322],{"class":65},[14,78233,281],{},[46,78235,78237],{"className":48,"code":78236,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[7, 4, 2, 1]\n",[18,78238,78239],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,78240,78241,78243,78245,78247,78249,78251,78253,78255,78257],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,78242,4186],{"class":65},[55,78244,2329],{"class":75},[55,78246,163],{"class":65},[55,78248,2759],{"class":75},[55,78250,163],{"class":65},[55,78252,166],{"class":75},[55,78254,163],{"class":65},[55,78256,5782],{"class":75},[55,78258,924],{"class":65},[41,78260,78262],{"id":78261},"sort-numbers","Sort numbers",[14,78264,212,78265,78267],{},[18,78266,64384],{}," when you want to sort numbers in ascending order.",[46,78269,78271],{"className":48,"code":78270,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,78272,78273,78297,78307,78311],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,78274,78275,78277,78279,78281,78283,78285,78287,78289,78291,78293,78295],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,78276,1168],{"class":902},[55,78278,906],{"class":703},[55,78280,909],{"class":65},[55,78282,376],{"class":75},[55,78284,163],{"class":65},[55,78286,171],{"class":75},[55,78288,163],{"class":65},[55,78290,6636],{"class":75},[55,78292,163],{"class":65},[55,78294,5782],{"class":75},[55,78296,924],{"class":65},[55,78298,78299,78301,78303,78305],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,78300,332],{"class":902},[55,78302,29],{"class":65},[55,78304,34858],{"class":318},[55,78306,1789],{"class":65},[55,78308,78309],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,78310,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,78312,78313,78315,78317,78319],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,78314,62],{"class":61},[55,78316,66],{"class":65},[55,78318,332],{"class":318},[55,78320,322],{"class":65},[14,78322,281],{},[46,78324,78326],{"className":48,"code":78325,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[1, 3, 8, 10]\n",[18,78327,78328],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,78329,78330,78332,78334,78336,78338,78340,78342,78344,78346],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,78331,4186],{"class":65},[55,78333,93],{"class":75},[55,78335,163],{"class":65},[55,78337,171],{"class":75},[55,78339,163],{"class":65},[55,78341,6636],{"class":75},[55,78343,163],{"class":65},[55,78345,6283],{"class":75},[55,78347,924],{"class":65},[14,78349,212,78350,78352],{},[18,78351,78164],{}," for descending order:",[46,78354,78356],{"className":48,"code":78355,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,78357,78358,78382,78400,78404],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,78359,78360,78362,78364,78366,78368,78370,78372,78374,78376,78378,78380],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,78361,1168],{"class":902},[55,78363,906],{"class":703},[55,78365,909],{"class":65},[55,78367,376],{"class":75},[55,78369,163],{"class":65},[55,78371,171],{"class":75},[55,78373,163],{"class":65},[55,78375,6636],{"class":75},[55,78377,163],{"class":65},[55,78379,5782],{"class":75},[55,78381,924],{"class":65},[55,78383,78384,78386,78388,78390,78392,78394,78396,78398],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,78385,332],{"class":902},[55,78387,29],{"class":65},[55,78389,34858],{"class":318},[55,78391,66],{"class":65},[55,78393,73650],{"class":9212},[55,78395,906],{"class":703},[55,78397,24],{"class":187},[55,78399,322],{"class":65},[55,78401,78402],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,78403,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,78405,78406,78408,78410,78412],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,78407,62],{"class":61},[55,78409,66],{"class":65},[55,78411,332],{"class":318},[55,78413,322],{"class":65},[14,78415,281],{},[46,78417,78419],{"className":48,"code":78418,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[10, 8, 3, 1]\n",[18,78420,78421],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,78422,78423,78425,78427,78429,78431,78433,78435,78437,78439],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,78424,4186],{"class":65},[55,78426,376],{"class":75},[55,78428,163],{"class":65},[55,78430,6636],{"class":75},[55,78432,163],{"class":65},[55,78434,171],{"class":75},[55,78436,163],{"class":65},[55,78438,5782],{"class":75},[55,78440,924],{"class":65},[14,78442,78443],{},"The important thing to remember is that the original list is updated after the method call.",[14,78445,78446,78447,29],{},"For a task-focused guide, read ",[294,78448,78450],{"href":78449},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to sort a list in Python",[41,78452,78454],{"id":78453},"sort-strings","Sort strings",[14,78456,78457],{},"Strings are sorted alphabetically by default.",[46,78459,78461],{"className":48,"code":78460,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[18,78462,78463,78495,78505,78509],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,78464,78465,78467,78469,78471,78473,78475,78477,78479,78481,78483,78485,78487,78489,78491,78493],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,78466,4355],{"class":902},[55,78468,906],{"class":703},[55,78470,909],{"class":65},[55,78472,126],{"class":109},[55,78474,4373],{"class":129},[55,78476,126],{"class":109},[55,78478,163],{"class":65},[55,78480,793],{"class":109},[55,78482,4364],{"class":129},[55,78484,126],{"class":109},[55,78486,163],{"class":65},[55,78488,793],{"class":109},[55,78490,4382],{"class":129},[55,78492,126],{"class":109},[55,78494,924],{"class":65},[55,78496,78497,78499,78501,78503],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,78498,4399],{"class":902},[55,78500,29],{"class":65},[55,78502,34858],{"class":318},[55,78504,1789],{"class":65},[55,78506,78507],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,78508,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,78510,78511,78513,78515,78517],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,78512,62],{"class":61},[55,78514,66],{"class":65},[55,78516,4399],{"class":318},[55,78518,322],{"class":65},[14,78520,281],{},[46,78522,78524],{"className":48,"code":78523,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[18,78525,78526],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,78527,78528,78530,78532,78534,78536,78538,78540,78542,78544,78546,78548,78550,78552],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,78529,4186],{"class":65},[55,78531,1923],{"class":109},[55,78533,4364],{"class":129},[55,78535,1923],{"class":109},[55,78537,163],{"class":65},[55,78539,1918],{"class":109},[55,78541,4373],{"class":129},[55,78543,1923],{"class":109},[55,78545,163],{"class":65},[55,78547,1918],{"class":109},[55,78549,4382],{"class":129},[55,78551,1923],{"class":109},[55,78553,924],{"class":65},[14,78555,78556],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters affect the result:",[46,78558,78560],{"className":48,"code":78559,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[18,78561,78562,78594,78604,78608],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,78563,78564,78566,78568,78570,78572,78574,78576,78578,78580,78582,78584,78586,78588,78590,78592],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,78565,4355],{"class":902},[55,78567,906],{"class":703},[55,78569,909],{"class":65},[55,78571,126],{"class":109},[55,78573,4373],{"class":129},[55,78575,126],{"class":109},[55,78577,163],{"class":65},[55,78579,793],{"class":109},[55,78581,57839],{"class":129},[55,78583,126],{"class":109},[55,78585,163],{"class":65},[55,78587,793],{"class":109},[55,78589,4382],{"class":129},[55,78591,126],{"class":109},[55,78593,924],{"class":65},[55,78595,78596,78598,78600,78602],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,78597,4399],{"class":902},[55,78599,29],{"class":65},[55,78601,34858],{"class":318},[55,78603,1789],{"class":65},[55,78605,78606],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,78607,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,78609,78610,78612,78614,78616],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,78611,62],{"class":61},[55,78613,66],{"class":65},[55,78615,4399],{"class":318},[55,78617,322],{"class":65},[14,78619,281],{},[46,78621,78623],{"className":48,"code":78622,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['Apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[18,78624,78625],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,78626,78627,78629,78631,78633,78635,78637,78639,78641,78643,78645,78647,78649,78651],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,78628,4186],{"class":65},[55,78630,1923],{"class":109},[55,78632,57839],{"class":129},[55,78634,1923],{"class":109},[55,78636,163],{"class":65},[55,78638,1918],{"class":109},[55,78640,4373],{"class":129},[55,78642,1923],{"class":109},[55,78644,163],{"class":65},[55,78646,1918],{"class":109},[55,78648,4382],{"class":129},[55,78650,1923],{"class":109},[55,78652,924],{"class":65},[14,78654,78655,78656,790],{},"If you want case-insensitive sorting, use ",[18,78657,78658],{},"key=str.lower",[46,78660,78662],{"className":48,"code":78661,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[18,78663,78664,78696,78718,78722],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,78665,78666,78668,78670,78672,78674,78676,78678,78680,78682,78684,78686,78688,78690,78692,78694],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,78667,4355],{"class":902},[55,78669,906],{"class":703},[55,78671,909],{"class":65},[55,78673,126],{"class":109},[55,78675,4373],{"class":129},[55,78677,126],{"class":109},[55,78679,163],{"class":65},[55,78681,793],{"class":109},[55,78683,57839],{"class":129},[55,78685,126],{"class":109},[55,78687,163],{"class":65},[55,78689,793],{"class":109},[55,78691,4382],{"class":129},[55,78693,126],{"class":109},[55,78695,924],{"class":65},[55,78697,78698,78700,78702,78704,78706,78708,78710,78712,78714,78716],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,78699,4399],{"class":902},[55,78701,29],{"class":65},[55,78703,34858],{"class":318},[55,78705,66],{"class":65},[55,78707,14888],{"class":9212},[55,78709,906],{"class":703},[55,78711,3738],{"class":69},[55,78713,29],{"class":65},[55,78715,1786],{"class":24803},[55,78717,322],{"class":65},[55,78719,78720],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,78721,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,78723,78724,78726,78728,78730],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,78725,62],{"class":61},[55,78727,66],{"class":65},[55,78729,4399],{"class":318},[55,78731,322],{"class":65},[14,78733,281],{},[46,78735,78736],{"className":48,"code":78622,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,78737,78738],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,78739,78740,78742,78744,78746,78748,78750,78752,78754,78756,78758,78760,78762,78764],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,78741,4186],{"class":65},[55,78743,1923],{"class":109},[55,78745,57839],{"class":129},[55,78747,1923],{"class":109},[55,78749,163],{"class":65},[55,78751,1918],{"class":109},[55,78753,4373],{"class":129},[55,78755,1923],{"class":109},[55,78757,163],{"class":65},[55,78759,1918],{"class":109},[55,78761,4382],{"class":129},[55,78763,1923],{"class":109},[55,78765,924],{"class":65},[14,78767,78768,78769,78772],{},"The original spelling stays the same. Python only uses ",[18,78770,78771],{},"str.lower"," as the sorting rule.",[41,78774,36674,78776,36677],{"id":78775},"using-the-key-argument",[18,78777,14888],{},[14,78779,16,78780,78782],{},[18,78781,14888],{}," argument changes how each item is compared.",[14,78784,441],{},[240,78786,78787,78792],{},[243,78788,78789,78791],{},[18,78790,11202],{}," to sort by length",[243,78793,78794,78796],{},[18,78795,78771],{}," to sort strings without case problems",[14,78798,78799],{},"Sort words by length:",[46,78801,78803],{"className":48,"code":78802,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"pear\", \"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[18,78804,78805,78846,78864,78868],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,78806,78807,78809,78811,78813,78815,78818,78820,78822,78824,78826,78828,78830,78832,78834,78836,78838,78840,78842,78844],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,78808,4355],{"class":902},[55,78810,906],{"class":703},[55,78812,909],{"class":65},[55,78814,126],{"class":109},[55,78816,78817],{"class":129},"pear",[55,78819,126],{"class":109},[55,78821,163],{"class":65},[55,78823,793],{"class":109},[55,78825,4373],{"class":129},[55,78827,126],{"class":109},[55,78829,163],{"class":65},[55,78831,793],{"class":109},[55,78833,38421],{"class":129},[55,78835,126],{"class":109},[55,78837,163],{"class":65},[55,78839,793],{"class":109},[55,78841,4364],{"class":129},[55,78843,126],{"class":109},[55,78845,924],{"class":65},[55,78847,78848,78850,78852,78854,78856,78858,78860,78862],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,78849,4399],{"class":902},[55,78851,29],{"class":65},[55,78853,34858],{"class":318},[55,78855,66],{"class":65},[55,78857,14888],{"class":9212},[55,78859,906],{"class":703},[55,78861,11202],{"class":61},[55,78863,322],{"class":65},[55,78865,78866],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,78867,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,78869,78870,78872,78874,78876],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,78871,62],{"class":61},[55,78873,66],{"class":65},[55,78875,4399],{"class":318},[55,78877,322],{"class":65},[14,78879,281],{},[46,78881,78883],{"className":48,"code":78882,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['fig', 'pear', 'apple', 'banana']\n",[18,78884,78885],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,78886,78887,78889,78891,78893,78895,78897,78899,78901,78903,78905,78907,78909,78911,78913,78915,78917,78919],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,78888,4186],{"class":65},[55,78890,1923],{"class":109},[55,78892,38421],{"class":129},[55,78894,1923],{"class":109},[55,78896,163],{"class":65},[55,78898,1918],{"class":109},[55,78900,78817],{"class":129},[55,78902,1923],{"class":109},[55,78904,163],{"class":65},[55,78906,1918],{"class":109},[55,78908,4364],{"class":129},[55,78910,1923],{"class":109},[55,78912,163],{"class":65},[55,78914,1918],{"class":109},[55,78916,4373],{"class":129},[55,78918,1923],{"class":109},[55,78920,924],{"class":65},[14,78922,78923],{},"Sort strings without case sensitivity:",[46,78925,78927],{"className":48,"code":78926,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"Bob\", \"alice\", \"Carol\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[18,78928,78929,78962,78984,78988],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,78930,78931,78933,78935,78937,78939,78941,78943,78945,78947,78949,78951,78953,78955,78958,78960],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,78932,4355],{"class":902},[55,78934,906],{"class":703},[55,78936,909],{"class":65},[55,78938,126],{"class":109},[55,78940,5299],{"class":129},[55,78942,126],{"class":109},[55,78944,163],{"class":65},[55,78946,793],{"class":109},[55,78948,17853],{"class":129},[55,78950,126],{"class":109},[55,78952,163],{"class":65},[55,78954,793],{"class":109},[55,78956,78957],{"class":129},"Carol",[55,78959,126],{"class":109},[55,78961,924],{"class":65},[55,78963,78964,78966,78968,78970,78972,78974,78976,78978,78980,78982],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,78965,4399],{"class":902},[55,78967,29],{"class":65},[55,78969,34858],{"class":318},[55,78971,66],{"class":65},[55,78973,14888],{"class":9212},[55,78975,906],{"class":703},[55,78977,3738],{"class":69},[55,78979,29],{"class":65},[55,78981,1786],{"class":24803},[55,78983,322],{"class":65},[55,78985,78986],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,78987,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,78989,78990,78992,78994,78996],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,78991,62],{"class":61},[55,78993,66],{"class":65},[55,78995,4399],{"class":318},[55,78997,322],{"class":65},[14,78999,281],{},[46,79001,79003],{"className":48,"code":79002,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['alice', 'Bob', 'Carol']\n",[18,79004,79005],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,79006,79007,79009,79011,79013,79015,79017,79019,79021,79023,79025,79027,79029,79031],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,79008,4186],{"class":65},[55,79010,1923],{"class":109},[55,79012,17853],{"class":129},[55,79014,1923],{"class":109},[55,79016,163],{"class":65},[55,79018,1918],{"class":109},[55,79020,5299],{"class":129},[55,79022,1923],{"class":109},[55,79024,163],{"class":65},[55,79026,1918],{"class":109},[55,79028,78957],{"class":129},[55,79030,1923],{"class":109},[55,79032,924],{"class":65},[14,79034,16,79035,79037],{},[18,79036,14888],{}," argument is especially useful when the default alphabetical or numeric order is not what you want.",[41,79039,79041,10624,79043],{"id":79040},"listsort-vs-sorted",[18,79042,77940],{},[18,79044,74497],{},[14,79046,79047,4679,79049,79051],{},[18,79048,77940],{},[18,79050,74497],{}," both sort data, but they work differently.",[14,79053,79054,790],{},[18,79055,77940],{},[240,79057,79058,79061],{},[243,79059,79060],{},"Changes the existing list",[243,79062,11465,79063],{},[18,79064,481],{},[14,79066,79067,790],{},[18,79068,74497],{},[240,79070,79071,79074],{},[243,79072,79073],{},"Returns a new sorted list",[243,79075,79076],{},"Leaves the original unchanged",[14,79078,358],{},[46,79080,79082],{"className":48,"code":79081,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(new_list)\n",[18,79083,79084,79104,79108,79122,79126,79136],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,79085,79086,79088,79090,79092,79094,79096,79098,79100,79102],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,79087,1168],{"class":902},[55,79089,906],{"class":703},[55,79091,909],{"class":65},[55,79093,2366],{"class":75},[55,79095,163],{"class":65},[55,79097,5782],{"class":75},[55,79099,163],{"class":65},[55,79101,166],{"class":75},[55,79103,924],{"class":65},[55,79105,79106],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,79107,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,79109,79110,79112,79114,79116,79118,79120],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,79111,55960],{"class":902},[55,79113,906],{"class":703},[55,79115,74631],{"class":61},[55,79117,66],{"class":65},[55,79119,332],{"class":318},[55,79121,322],{"class":65},[55,79123,79124],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,79125,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,79127,79128,79130,79132,79134],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,79129,62],{"class":61},[55,79131,66],{"class":65},[55,79133,332],{"class":318},[55,79135,322],{"class":65},[55,79137,79138,79140,79142,79144],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,79139,62],{"class":61},[55,79141,66],{"class":65},[55,79143,74354],{"class":318},[55,79145,322],{"class":65},[14,79147,281],{},[46,79149,79150],{"className":48,"code":74666,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,79151,79152,79168],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,79153,79154,79156,79158,79160,79162,79164,79166],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,79155,4186],{"class":65},[55,79157,2366],{"class":75},[55,79159,163],{"class":65},[55,79161,5782],{"class":75},[55,79163,163],{"class":65},[55,79165,166],{"class":75},[55,79167,924],{"class":65},[55,79169,79170,79172,79174,79176,79178,79180,79182],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,79171,4186],{"class":65},[55,79173,93],{"class":75},[55,79175,163],{"class":65},[55,79177,166],{"class":75},[55,79179,163],{"class":65},[55,79181,171],{"class":75},[55,79183,924],{"class":65},[14,79185,212,79186,79188],{},[18,79187,74497],{}," when you want to keep the original list unchanged.",[14,79190,79191,79192,4679,79196,29],{},"You can learn more in ",[294,79193,3871,79194,6061],{"href":74594},[18,79195,74497],{},[294,79197,79199],{"href":79198},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","sorted() vs list.sort() explained",[41,79201,1586],{"id":1585},[14,79203,79204,79205,29],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes with ",[18,79206,77940],{},[889,79208,12638,79210],{"id":79209},"assigning-the-result-of-sort",[18,79211,64384],{},[14,79213,25744],{},[46,79215,79217],{"className":48,"code":79216,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,79218,79219,79239,79253,79257,79267],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,79220,79221,79223,79225,79227,79229,79231,79233,79235,79237],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,79222,1168],{"class":902},[55,79224,906],{"class":703},[55,79226,909],{"class":65},[55,79228,2366],{"class":75},[55,79230,163],{"class":65},[55,79232,5782],{"class":75},[55,79234,163],{"class":65},[55,79236,166],{"class":75},[55,79238,924],{"class":65},[55,79240,79241,79243,79245,79247,79249,79251],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,79242,2534],{"class":902},[55,79244,906],{"class":703},[55,79246,1196],{"class":902},[55,79248,29],{"class":65},[55,79250,34858],{"class":318},[55,79252,1789],{"class":65},[55,79254,79255],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,79256,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,79258,79259,79261,79263,79265],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,79260,62],{"class":61},[55,79262,66],{"class":65},[55,79264,2569],{"class":318},[55,79266,322],{"class":65},[55,79268,79269,79271,79273,79275],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,79270,62],{"class":61},[55,79272,66],{"class":65},[55,79274,332],{"class":318},[55,79276,322],{"class":65},[14,79278,281],{},[46,79280,79282],{"className":48,"code":79281,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"None\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[18,79283,79284,79288],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,79285,79286],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,79287,11851],{"class":187},[55,79289,79290,79292,79294,79296,79298,79300,79302],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,79291,4186],{"class":65},[55,79293,93],{"class":75},[55,79295,163],{"class":65},[55,79297,166],{"class":75},[55,79299,163],{"class":65},[55,79301,171],{"class":75},[55,79303,924],{"class":65},[14,79305,79306,79308,79309,29],{},[18,79307,64384],{}," does not return the sorted list. It returns ",[18,79310,481],{},[14,79312,79313,79314,6906],{},"If you want a new list, use ",[18,79315,74497],{},[889,79317,79319],{"id":79318},"sorting-mixed-types","Sorting mixed types",[14,79321,79322],{},"Python cannot always compare different types directly.",[46,79324,79326],{"className":48,"code":79325,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [1, \"two\", 3]\nitems.sort()\n",[18,79327,79328,79353],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,79329,79330,79332,79334,79336,79338,79340,79342,79345,79347,79349,79351],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,79331,903],{"class":902},[55,79333,906],{"class":703},[55,79335,909],{"class":65},[55,79337,93],{"class":75},[55,79339,163],{"class":65},[55,79341,793],{"class":109},[55,79343,79344],{"class":129},"two",[55,79346,126],{"class":109},[55,79348,163],{"class":65},[55,79350,171],{"class":75},[55,79352,924],{"class":65},[55,79354,79355,79357,79359,79361],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,79356,937],{"class":902},[55,79358,29],{"class":65},[55,79360,34858],{"class":318},[55,79362,1789],{"class":65},[14,79364,3300,79365,79367],{},[18,79366,3303],{}," because Python cannot sort integers and strings together by default.",[889,79369,4989,79371,79373],{"id":79370},"forgetting-that-sort-only-works-on-lists",[18,79372,64384],{}," only works on lists",[14,79375,79376,79378],{},[18,79377,64384],{}," is a list method. It does not work directly on tuples or strings.",[14,79380,16692],{},[46,79382,79384],{"className":48,"code":79383,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"python\"\ntext.sort()\n",[18,79385,79386,79398],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,79387,79388,79390,79392,79394,79396],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,79389,34746],{"class":902},[55,79391,906],{"class":703},[55,79393,793],{"class":109},[55,79395,50],{"class":129},[55,79397,1052],{"class":109},[55,79399,79400,79402,79404,79406],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,79401,34767],{"class":902},[55,79403,29],{"class":65},[55,79405,34858],{"class":318},[55,79407,1789],{"class":65},[14,79409,79410,79411,33658],{},"Strings do not have a ",[18,79412,64384],{},[14,79414,79415],{},"If needed, convert the data first:",[46,79417,79419],{"className":48,"code":79418,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = list(\"python\")\nletters.sort()\n\nprint(letters)\n",[18,79420,79421,79439,79449,79453],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,79422,79423,79425,79427,79429,79431,79433,79435,79437],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,79424,36151],{"class":902},[55,79426,906],{"class":703},[55,79428,22612],{"class":69},[55,79430,66],{"class":65},[55,79432,126],{"class":109},[55,79434,50],{"class":129},[55,79436,126],{"class":109},[55,79438,322],{"class":65},[55,79440,79441,79443,79445,79447],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,79442,36204],{"class":902},[55,79444,29],{"class":65},[55,79446,34858],{"class":318},[55,79448,1789],{"class":65},[55,79450,79451],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,79452,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,79454,79455,79457,79459,79461],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,79456,62],{"class":61},[55,79458,66],{"class":65},[55,79460,36204],{"class":318},[55,79462,322],{"class":65},[14,79464,281],{},[46,79466,79468],{"className":48,"code":79467,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['h', 'n', 'o', 'p', 't', 'y']\n",[18,79469,79470],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,79471,79472,79474,79476,79478,79480,79482,79484,79486,79488,79490,79492,79494,79496,79498,79500,79502,79504,79506,79508,79510,79512,79514,79516,79518,79520],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,79473,4186],{"class":65},[55,79475,1923],{"class":109},[55,79477,60510],{"class":129},[55,79479,1923],{"class":109},[55,79481,163],{"class":65},[55,79483,1918],{"class":109},[55,79485,76103],{"class":129},[55,79487,1923],{"class":109},[55,79489,163],{"class":65},[55,79491,1918],{"class":109},[55,79493,60545],{"class":129},[55,79495,1923],{"class":109},[55,79497,163],{"class":65},[55,79499,1918],{"class":109},[55,79501,14],{"class":129},[55,79503,1923],{"class":109},[55,79505,163],{"class":65},[55,79507,1918],{"class":109},[55,79509,63359],{"class":129},[55,79511,1923],{"class":109},[55,79513,163],{"class":65},[55,79515,1918],{"class":109},[55,79517,11788],{"class":129},[55,79519,1923],{"class":109},[55,79521,924],{"class":65},[889,79523,79525,79526,79528],{"id":79524},"not-using-key-when-custom-sorting-is-needed","Not using ",[18,79527,14888],{}," when custom sorting is needed",[14,79530,79531,79532,29],{},"If the default order is not correct for your problem, you may need ",[18,79533,14888],{},[14,79535,79536,79537,79539],{},"For example, if you want to sort words by length, plain ",[18,79538,64384],{}," will not do that:",[46,79541,79543],{"className":48,"code":79542,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[18,79544,79545,79577,79595,79599],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,79546,79547,79549,79551,79553,79555,79557,79559,79561,79563,79565,79567,79569,79571,79573,79575],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,79548,4355],{"class":902},[55,79550,906],{"class":703},[55,79552,909],{"class":65},[55,79554,126],{"class":109},[55,79556,4373],{"class":129},[55,79558,126],{"class":109},[55,79560,163],{"class":65},[55,79562,793],{"class":109},[55,79564,38421],{"class":129},[55,79566,126],{"class":109},[55,79568,163],{"class":65},[55,79570,793],{"class":109},[55,79572,4364],{"class":129},[55,79574,126],{"class":109},[55,79576,924],{"class":65},[55,79578,79579,79581,79583,79585,79587,79589,79591,79593],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,79580,4399],{"class":902},[55,79582,29],{"class":65},[55,79584,34858],{"class":318},[55,79586,66],{"class":65},[55,79588,14888],{"class":9212},[55,79590,906],{"class":703},[55,79592,11202],{"class":61},[55,79594,322],{"class":65},[55,79596,79597],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,79598,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,79600,79601,79603,79605,79607],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,79602,62],{"class":61},[55,79604,66],{"class":65},[55,79606,4399],{"class":318},[55,79608,322],{"class":65},[889,79610,79612],{"id":79611},"unexpected-string-order-because-of-uppercase-letters","Unexpected string order because of uppercase letters",[14,79614,79615],{},"This often surprises beginners:",[46,79617,79619],{"className":48,"code":79618,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[18,79620,79621,79655,79665,79669],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,79622,79623,79625,79627,79629,79631,79634,79636,79638,79640,79642,79644,79646,79648,79651,79653],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,79624,4355],{"class":902},[55,79626,906],{"class":703},[55,79628,909],{"class":65},[55,79630,126],{"class":109},[55,79632,79633],{"class":129},"zebra",[55,79635,126],{"class":109},[55,79637,163],{"class":65},[55,79639,793],{"class":109},[55,79641,57839],{"class":129},[55,79643,126],{"class":109},[55,79645,163],{"class":65},[55,79647,793],{"class":109},[55,79649,79650],{"class":129},"monkey",[55,79652,126],{"class":109},[55,79654,924],{"class":65},[55,79656,79657,79659,79661,79663],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,79658,4399],{"class":902},[55,79660,29],{"class":65},[55,79662,34858],{"class":318},[55,79664,1789],{"class":65},[55,79666,79667],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,79668,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,79670,79671,79673,79675,79677],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,79672,62],{"class":61},[55,79674,66],{"class":65},[55,79676,4399],{"class":318},[55,79678,322],{"class":65},[14,79680,281],{},[46,79682,79684],{"className":48,"code":79683,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['Apple', 'monkey', 'zebra']\n",[18,79685,79686],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,79687,79688,79690,79692,79694,79696,79698,79700,79702,79704,79706,79708,79710,79712],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,79689,4186],{"class":65},[55,79691,1923],{"class":109},[55,79693,57839],{"class":129},[55,79695,1923],{"class":109},[55,79697,163],{"class":65},[55,79699,1918],{"class":109},[55,79701,79650],{"class":129},[55,79703,1923],{"class":109},[55,79705,163],{"class":65},[55,79707,1918],{"class":109},[55,79709,79633],{"class":129},[55,79711,1923],{"class":109},[55,79713,924],{"class":65},[14,79715,212,79716,79718],{},[18,79717,78658],{}," if you want case-insensitive sorting.",[889,79720,60782],{"id":60781},[14,79722,79723],{},"If sorting is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[46,79725,79727],{"className":48,"code":79726,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.sort())\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nprint([type(item) for item in my_list])\n",[18,79728,79729,79739,79753,79767,79781],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,79730,79731,79733,79735,79737],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,79732,62],{"class":61},[55,79734,66],{"class":65},[55,79736,1477],{"class":318},[55,79738,322],{"class":65},[55,79740,79741,79743,79745,79747,79749,79751],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,79742,62],{"class":61},[55,79744,66],{"class":65},[55,79746,1879],{"class":69},[55,79748,66],{"class":65},[55,79750,1477],{"class":318},[55,79752,79],{"class":65},[55,79754,79755,79757,79759,79761,79763,79765],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,79756,62],{"class":61},[55,79758,66],{"class":65},[55,79760,1477],{"class":318},[55,79762,29],{"class":65},[55,79764,34858],{"class":318},[55,79766,278],{"class":65},[55,79768,79769,79771,79773,79775,79777,79779],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,79770,62],{"class":61},[55,79772,66],{"class":65},[55,79774,74587],{"class":61},[55,79776,66],{"class":65},[55,79778,1477],{"class":318},[55,79780,79],{"class":65},[55,79782,79783,79785,79787,79789,79791,79793,79795,79797,79799,79801,79803],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,79784,62],{"class":61},[55,79786,158],{"class":65},[55,79788,1879],{"class":69},[55,79790,66],{"class":65},[55,79792,23363],{"class":318},[55,79794,3953],{"class":65},[55,79796,4162],{"class":1193},[55,79798,6239],{"class":318},[55,79800,4168],{"class":1193},[55,79802,1534],{"class":318},[55,79804,4174],{"class":65},[14,79806,11211],{},[240,79808,79809,79812,79815,79822,79828],{},[243,79810,79811],{},"What values are in the list",[243,79813,79814],{},"Whether the object is really a list",[243,79816,79817,79818,1265,79820],{},"That ",[18,79819,64384],{},[18,79821,481],{},[243,79823,79824,79825,79827],{},"Whether ",[18,79826,74497],{}," works better for your case",[243,79829,79830],{},"Whether the list contains mixed data types",[14,79832,79833,79834,79836],{},"If your problem is caused by incompatible values, see a guide for fixing sorting-related ",[18,79835,3303],{}," problems.",[41,79838,2139],{"id":2138},[889,79840,12748,79842,55539],{"id":79841},"does-listsort-return-a-new-list",[18,79843,77940],{},[14,79845,62675,79846,29],{},[18,79847,481],{},[889,79849,5466,79851,4679,79853,2794],{"id":79850},"what-is-the-difference-between-sort-and-sorted",[18,79852,64384],{},[18,79854,74497],{},[14,79856,79857,79859,79860,79862],{},[18,79858,64384],{}," changes the list itself. ",[18,79861,74497],{}," creates and returns a new sorted list.",[889,79864,79866],{"id":79865},"how-do-i-sort-in-reverse-order","How do I sort in reverse order?",[14,79868,18745],{},[46,79870,79872],{"className":48,"code":79871,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_list.sort(reverse=True)\n",[18,79873,79874],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,79875,79876,79878,79880,79882,79884,79886,79888,79890],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,79877,1477],{"class":902},[55,79879,29],{"class":65},[55,79881,34858],{"class":318},[55,79883,66],{"class":65},[55,79885,73650],{"class":9212},[55,79887,906],{"class":703},[55,79889,24],{"class":187},[55,79891,322],{"class":65},[889,79893,79895],{"id":79894},"how-do-i-sort-strings-without-case-problems","How do I sort strings without case problems?",[14,79897,18745],{},[46,79899,79901],{"className":48,"code":79900,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_list.sort(key=str.lower)\n",[18,79902,79903],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,79904,79905,79907,79909,79911,79913,79915,79917,79919,79921,79923],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,79906,1477],{"class":902},[55,79908,29],{"class":65},[55,79910,34858],{"class":318},[55,79912,66],{"class":65},[55,79914,14888],{"class":9212},[55,79916,906],{"class":703},[55,79918,3738],{"class":69},[55,79920,29],{"class":65},[55,79922,1786],{"class":24803},[55,79924,322],{"class":65},[14,79926,79927],{},"This sorts in a case-insensitive way.",[889,79929,79931,79932,79934],{"id":79930},"why-do-i-get-a-typeerror-when-sorting","Why do I get a ",[18,79933,3303],{}," when sorting?",[14,79936,79937],{},"Your list may contain values that Python cannot compare directly, such as strings and integers together.",[41,79939,2193],{"id":2192},[240,79941,79942,79947,79953,79957],{},[243,79943,79944],{},[294,79945,79946],{"href":78449},"How to sort a list in Python",[243,79948,79949],{},[294,79950,3871,79951,6061],{"href":74594},[18,79952,74497],{},[243,79954,79955],{},[294,79956,67150],{"href":51048},[243,79958,79959],{},[294,79960,79199],{"href":79198},[2226,79962,79963],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":79965},[79966,79967,79969,79970,79971,79972,79974,79976,79987,79997],{"id":2307,"depth":82,"text":2308},{"id":78006,"depth":82,"text":79968},"What list.sort() does",{"id":2459,"depth":82,"text":2460},{"id":78261,"depth":82,"text":78262},{"id":78453,"depth":82,"text":78454},{"id":78775,"depth":82,"text":79973},"Using the key argument",{"id":79040,"depth":82,"text":79975},"list.sort() vs sorted()",{"id":1585,"depth":82,"text":1586,"children":79977},[79978,79980,79981,79983,79985,79986],{"id":79209,"depth":98,"text":79979},"Assigning the result of sort()",{"id":79318,"depth":98,"text":79319},{"id":79370,"depth":98,"text":79982},"Forgetting that sort() only works on lists",{"id":79524,"depth":98,"text":79984},"Not using key when custom sorting is needed",{"id":79611,"depth":98,"text":79612},{"id":60781,"depth":98,"text":60782},{"id":2138,"depth":82,"text":2139,"children":79988},[79989,79991,79993,79994,79995],{"id":79841,"depth":98,"text":79990},"Does list.sort() return a new list?",{"id":79850,"depth":98,"text":79992},"What is the difference between sort() and sorted()?",{"id":79865,"depth":98,"text":79866},{"id":79894,"depth":98,"text":79895},{"id":79930,"depth":98,"text":79996},"Why do I get a TypeError when sorting?",{"id":2192,"depth":82,"text":2193},"Master python list sort method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method",{"title":77928,"description":79998},"reference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method","nuiIwWy1KS8_euTEqMoYpg2B6j3JT08NKrBSVKMUQzs",{"id":80005,"title":80006,"body":80007,"description":82638,"extension":2267,"meta":82639,"navigation":1121,"path":82640,"seo":82641,"stem":82642,"__hash__":82643},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained.md","Python map() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":80008,"toc":82597},[80009,80014,80019,80022,80033,80036,80056,80058,80120,80122,80163,80172,80177,80182,80188,80199,80201,80220,80223,80228,80233,80235,80240,80254,80256,80274,80277,80294,80297,80303,80326,80331,80333,80336,80397,80399,80432,80434,80473,80481,80491,80497,80502,80595,80597,80621,80623,80641,80644,80675,80681,80686,80689,80691,80816,80818,80842,80844,80863,80869,80875,80994,80996,81013,81020,81026,81031,81038,81044,81046,81103,81106,81127,81130,81133,81194,81196,81229,81233,81303,81305,81322,81326,81329,81404,81406,81443,81446,81449,81520,81522,81583,81588,81593,81596,81610,81612,81685,81687,81707,81710,81713,81770,81832,81835,81867,81870,81885,81890,81892,81898,81901,81957,81960,81962,81981,81985,81987,82031,82040,82042,82102,82106,82109,82111,82204,82206,82321,82325,82327,82401,82404,82407,82409,82414,82479,82481,82505,82515,82517,82523,82532,82541,82550,82556,82559,82563,82566,82568,82594],[10,80010,3871,80012,3875],{"id":80011},"python-map-function-explained",[18,80013,39780],{},[14,80015,3878,80016,80018],{},[18,80017,39780],{}," function applies the same function to each item in an iterable.",[14,80020,80021],{},"This is useful when you want to transform data, such as:",[240,80023,80024,80027,80030],{},[243,80025,80026],{},"converting numbers to strings",[243,80028,80029],{},"changing strings to integers",[243,80031,80032],{},"doubling every value in a list",[14,80034,80035],{},"The main thing beginners need to know is this:",[240,80037,80038,80045,80051],{},[243,80039,80040,14100,80042,80044],{},[18,80041,39780],{},[435,80043,4916],{}," return a list in Python 3",[243,80046,80047,80048],{},"it returns a ",[435,80049,80050],{},"map object",[243,80052,80053,80054],{},"you often convert that result with ",[18,80055,24834],{},[41,80057,2308],{"id":2307},[46,80059,80061],{"className":48,"code":80060,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,80062,80063,80087,80106],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,80064,80065,80067,80069,80071,80073,80075,80077,80079,80081,80083,80085],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,80066,1168],{"class":902},[55,80068,906],{"class":703},[55,80070,909],{"class":65},[55,80072,93],{"class":75},[55,80074,163],{"class":65},[55,80076,166],{"class":75},[55,80078,163],{"class":65},[55,80080,171],{"class":75},[55,80082,163],{"class":65},[55,80084,2759],{"class":75},[55,80086,924],{"class":65},[55,80088,80089,80091,80093,80096,80098,80100,80102,80104],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,80090,2534],{"class":902},[55,80092,906],{"class":703},[55,80094,80095],{"class":61}," map",[55,80097,66],{"class":65},[55,80099,3738],{"class":69},[55,80101,163],{"class":65},[55,80103,1196],{"class":318},[55,80105,322],{"class":65},[55,80107,80108,80110,80112,80114,80116,80118],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,80109,62],{"class":61},[55,80111,66],{"class":65},[55,80113,1229],{"class":69},[55,80115,66],{"class":65},[55,80117,2569],{"class":318},[55,80119,79],{"class":65},[14,80121,281],{},[46,80123,80125],{"className":48,"code":80124,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['1', '2', '3', '4']\n",[18,80126,80127],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,80128,80129,80131,80133,80135,80137,80139,80141,80143,80145,80147,80149,80151,80153,80155,80157,80159,80161],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,80130,4186],{"class":65},[55,80132,1923],{"class":109},[55,80134,93],{"class":129},[55,80136,1923],{"class":109},[55,80138,163],{"class":65},[55,80140,1918],{"class":109},[55,80142,707],{"class":129},[55,80144,1923],{"class":109},[55,80146,163],{"class":65},[55,80148,1918],{"class":109},[55,80150,2366],{"class":129},[55,80152,1923],{"class":109},[55,80154,163],{"class":65},[55,80156,1918],{"class":109},[55,80158,2807],{"class":129},[55,80160,1923],{"class":109},[55,80162,924],{"class":65},[14,80164,212,80165,80168,80169,80171],{},[18,80166,80167],{},"map(function, iterable)"," to apply the same function to each item. Convert the result to ",[18,80170,24834],{}," if you want to see all mapped values at once.",[41,80173,3970,80175,3973],{"id":80174},"what-map-does",[18,80176,39780],{},[14,80178,80179,80181],{},[18,80180,39780],{}," applies a function to each item in an iterable.",[14,80183,80184,80185,80187],{},"An ",[435,80186,4014],{}," is something you can loop over, such as:",[240,80189,80190,80192,80194,80196],{},[243,80191,37964],{},[243,80193,37967],{},[243,80195,37970],{},[243,80197,80198],{},"a range object",[14,80200,30781],{},[46,80202,80204],{"className":48,"code":80203,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"map(function, iterable)\n",[18,80205,80206],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,80207,80208,80210,80212,80214,80216,80218],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,80209,39923],{"class":61},[55,80211,66],{"class":65},[55,80213,37923],{"class":318},[55,80215,163],{"class":65},[55,80217,37928],{"class":318},[55,80219,322],{"class":65},[14,80221,80222],{},"For each item in the iterable, Python calls the function and produces a new value.",[14,80224,80225,80226,33799],{},"Important: the result is a ",[435,80227,80050],{},[14,80229,80230,80231,29],{},"If you want to understand iterables better, see ",[294,80232,5423],{"href":5422},[41,80234,2460],{"id":2459},[14,80236,80237,80239],{},[18,80238,39780],{}," needs at least two parts:",[240,80241,80242,80248],{},[243,80243,80244,80247],{},[435,80245,80246],{},"Function",": the function to run on each item",[243,80249,80250,80253],{},[435,80251,80252],{},"Iterable",": the values to process",[14,80255,3999],{},[46,80257,80258],{"className":48,"code":80203,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,80259,80260],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,80261,80262,80264,80266,80268,80270,80272],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,80263,39923],{"class":61},[55,80265,66],{"class":65},[55,80267,37923],{"class":318},[55,80269,163],{"class":65},[55,80271,37928],{"class":318},[55,80273,322],{"class":65},[14,80275,80276],{},"You can pass:",[240,80278,80279,80288,80291],{},[243,80280,80281,80282,2493,80284,2497,80286],{},"built-in functions like ",[18,80283,3738],{},[18,80285,2492],{},[18,80287,2322],{},[243,80289,80290],{},"your own custom function",[243,80292,80293],{},"a lambda function for short one-line logic",[14,80295,80296],{},"If you are new to lambda functions, see lambda functions in Python explained.",[14,80298,80299,80300,80302],{},"You will often see ",[18,80301,39780],{}," used like this:",[46,80304,80306],{"className":48,"code":80305,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"list(map(function, values))\n",[18,80307,80308],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,80309,80310,80312,80314,80316,80318,80320,80322,80324],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,80311,1229],{"class":69},[55,80313,66],{"class":65},[55,80315,39923],{"class":61},[55,80317,66],{"class":65},[55,80319,37923],{"class":318},[55,80321,163],{"class":65},[55,80323,4171],{"class":318},[55,80325,79],{"class":65},[14,80327,6952,80328,80330],{},[18,80329,24834],{}," turns the map object into a normal list you can print or reuse.",[41,80332,11517],{"id":11516},[14,80334,80335],{},"Here is a simple example that converts numbers to strings:",[46,80337,80339],{"className":48,"code":80338,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,80340,80341,80361,80379,80383],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,80342,80343,80345,80347,80349,80351,80353,80355,80357,80359],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,80344,1168],{"class":902},[55,80346,906],{"class":703},[55,80348,909],{"class":65},[55,80350,376],{"class":75},[55,80352,163],{"class":65},[55,80354,916],{"class":75},[55,80356,163],{"class":65},[55,80358,921],{"class":75},[55,80360,924],{"class":65},[55,80362,80363,80365,80367,80369,80371,80373,80375,80377],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,80364,2534],{"class":902},[55,80366,906],{"class":703},[55,80368,80095],{"class":61},[55,80370,66],{"class":65},[55,80372,3738],{"class":69},[55,80374,163],{"class":65},[55,80376,1196],{"class":318},[55,80378,322],{"class":65},[55,80380,80381],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,80382,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,80384,80385,80387,80389,80391,80393,80395],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,80386,62],{"class":61},[55,80388,66],{"class":65},[55,80390,1229],{"class":69},[55,80392,66],{"class":65},[55,80394,2569],{"class":318},[55,80396,79],{"class":65},[14,80398,281],{},[46,80400,80402],{"className":48,"code":80401,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['10', '20', '30']\n",[18,80403,80404],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,80405,80406,80408,80410,80412,80414,80416,80418,80420,80422,80424,80426,80428,80430],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,80407,4186],{"class":65},[55,80409,1923],{"class":109},[55,80411,376],{"class":129},[55,80413,1923],{"class":109},[55,80415,163],{"class":65},[55,80417,1918],{"class":109},[55,80419,15802],{"class":129},[55,80421,1923],{"class":109},[55,80423,163],{"class":65},[55,80425,1918],{"class":109},[55,80427,36903],{"class":129},[55,80429,1923],{"class":109},[55,80431,924],{"class":65},[14,80433,11726],{},[240,80435,80436,80441,80449,80457,80465],{},[243,80437,80438,80440],{},[18,80439,332],{}," contains integers",[243,80442,80443,80446,80447],{},[18,80444,80445],{},"map(str, numbers)"," passes each number to ",[18,80448,47751],{},[243,80450,80451,42220,80454],{},[18,80452,80453],{},"str(10)",[18,80455,80456],{},"'10'",[243,80458,80459,42220,80462],{},[18,80460,80461],{},"str(20)",[18,80463,80464],{},"'20'",[243,80466,80467,42220,80470],{},[18,80468,80469],{},"str(30)",[18,80471,80472],{},"'30'",[14,80474,53723,80475,80477,80478,80480],{},[18,80476,39780],{}," applies ",[18,80479,47751],{}," one item at a time.",[14,80482,80483,80484,80486,80487,29],{},"If you want to understand ",[18,80485,24834],{}," better, see ",[294,80488,3871,80489,3804],{"href":64920},[18,80490,24834],{},[41,80492,1556,80494,80496],{"id":80493},"using-map-with-your-own-function",[18,80495,39780],{}," with your own function",[14,80498,15762,80499,80501],{},[18,80500,39780],{}," with a function you define yourself.",[46,80503,80505],{"className":48,"code":80504,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"def double(x):\n    return x * 2\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(double, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,80506,80507,80520,80530,80534,80558,80577,80581],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,80508,80509,80511,80514,80516,80518],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,80510,34910],{"class":1914},[55,80512,80513],{"class":34913}," double",[55,80515,66],{"class":65},[55,80517,2477],{"class":37725},[55,80519,1480],{"class":65},[55,80521,80522,80524,80526,80528],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,80523,34921],{"class":1193},[55,80525,4165],{"class":902},[55,80527,39936],{"class":703},[55,80529,45656],{"class":75},[55,80531,80532],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,80533,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,80535,80536,80538,80540,80542,80544,80546,80548,80550,80552,80554,80556],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,80537,1168],{"class":902},[55,80539,906],{"class":703},[55,80541,909],{"class":65},[55,80543,93],{"class":75},[55,80545,163],{"class":65},[55,80547,166],{"class":75},[55,80549,163],{"class":65},[55,80551,171],{"class":75},[55,80553,163],{"class":65},[55,80555,2759],{"class":75},[55,80557,924],{"class":65},[55,80559,80560,80562,80564,80566,80568,80571,80573,80575],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,80561,2534],{"class":902},[55,80563,906],{"class":703},[55,80565,80095],{"class":61},[55,80567,66],{"class":65},[55,80569,80570],{"class":318},"double",[55,80572,163],{"class":65},[55,80574,1196],{"class":318},[55,80576,322],{"class":65},[55,80578,80579],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,80580,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,80582,80583,80585,80587,80589,80591,80593],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,80584,62],{"class":61},[55,80586,66],{"class":65},[55,80588,1229],{"class":69},[55,80590,66],{"class":65},[55,80592,2569],{"class":318},[55,80594,79],{"class":65},[14,80596,281],{},[46,80598,80599],{"className":48,"code":39949,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,80600,80601],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,80602,80603,80605,80607,80609,80611,80613,80615,80617,80619],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,80604,4186],{"class":65},[55,80606,707],{"class":75},[55,80608,163],{"class":65},[55,80610,2759],{"class":75},[55,80612,163],{"class":65},[55,80614,37706],{"class":75},[55,80616,163],{"class":65},[55,80618,6636],{"class":75},[55,80620,924],{"class":65},[14,80622,65657],{},[240,80624,80625,80632,80638],{},[243,80626,80627,80629,80630],{},[18,80628,39780],{}," takes the function ",[18,80631,80570],{},[243,80633,80634,80635,80637],{},"it sends each item from ",[18,80636,332],{}," into that function",[243,80639,80640],{},"the returned values become the mapped result",[14,80642,80643],{},"In other words, Python does this behind the scenes:",[240,80645,80646,80653,80660,80668],{},[243,80647,80648,6351,80651],{},[18,80649,80650],{},"double(1)",[18,80652,707],{},[243,80654,80655,6351,80658],{},[18,80656,80657],{},"double(2)",[18,80659,2807],{},[243,80661,80662,6351,80665],{},[18,80663,80664],{},"double(3)",[18,80666,80667],{},"6",[243,80669,80670,6351,80673],{},[18,80671,80672],{},"double(4)",[18,80674,2649],{},[41,80676,1556,80678,80680],{"id":80677},"using-map-with-multiple-iterables",[18,80679,39780],{}," with multiple iterables",[14,80682,80683,80685],{},[18,80684,39780],{}," can also work with more than one iterable.",[14,80687,80688],{},"When you do that, the function must accept the same number of arguments.",[14,80690,358],{},[46,80692,80694],{"className":48,"code":80693,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,80695,80696,80713,80723,80727,80748,80769,80773,80798,80802],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,80697,80698,80700,80703,80705,80707,80709,80711],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,80699,34910],{"class":1914},[55,80701,80702],{"class":34913}," add_numbers",[55,80704,66],{"class":65},[55,80706,294],{"class":37725},[55,80708,163],{"class":65},[55,80710,2862],{"class":37725},[55,80712,1480],{"class":65},[55,80714,80715,80717,80719,80721],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,80716,34921],{"class":1193},[55,80718,44611],{"class":902},[55,80720,2363],{"class":703},[55,80722,36243],{"class":902},[55,80724,80725],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,80726,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,80728,80729,80732,80734,80736,80738,80740,80742,80744,80746],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,80730,80731],{"class":902},"list1 ",[55,80733,906],{"class":703},[55,80735,909],{"class":65},[55,80737,93],{"class":75},[55,80739,163],{"class":65},[55,80741,166],{"class":75},[55,80743,163],{"class":65},[55,80745,171],{"class":75},[55,80747,924],{"class":65},[55,80749,80750,80753,80755,80757,80759,80761,80763,80765,80767],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,80751,80752],{"class":902},"list2 ",[55,80754,906],{"class":703},[55,80756,909],{"class":65},[55,80758,376],{"class":75},[55,80760,163],{"class":65},[55,80762,916],{"class":75},[55,80764,163],{"class":65},[55,80766,921],{"class":75},[55,80768,924],{"class":65},[55,80770,80771],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,80772,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,80774,80775,80777,80779,80781,80783,80786,80788,80791,80793,80796],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,80776,2534],{"class":902},[55,80778,906],{"class":703},[55,80780,80095],{"class":61},[55,80782,66],{"class":65},[55,80784,80785],{"class":318},"add_numbers",[55,80787,163],{"class":65},[55,80789,80790],{"class":318}," list1",[55,80792,163],{"class":65},[55,80794,80795],{"class":318}," list2",[55,80797,322],{"class":65},[55,80799,80800],{"class":57,"line":582},[55,80801,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,80803,80804,80806,80808,80810,80812,80814],{"class":57,"line":6706},[55,80805,62],{"class":61},[55,80807,66],{"class":65},[55,80809,1229],{"class":69},[55,80811,66],{"class":65},[55,80813,2569],{"class":318},[55,80815,79],{"class":65},[14,80817,281],{},[46,80819,80821],{"className":48,"code":80820,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[11, 22, 33]\n",[18,80822,80823],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,80824,80825,80827,80830,80832,80835,80837,80840],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,80826,4186],{"class":65},[55,80828,80829],{"class":75},"11",[55,80831,163],{"class":65},[55,80833,80834],{"class":75}," 22",[55,80836,163],{"class":65},[55,80838,80839],{"class":75}," 33",[55,80841,924],{"class":65},[14,80843,2482],{},[240,80845,80846,80852,80858],{},[243,80847,80848,80849],{},"the first values are used together: ",[18,80850,80851],{},"add_numbers(1, 10)",[243,80853,80854,80855],{},"then ",[18,80856,80857],{},"add_numbers(2, 20)",[243,80859,80854,80860],{},[18,80861,80862],{},"add_numbers(3, 30)",[889,80864,80866,80868],{"id":80865},"map-stops-at-the-shortest-iterable",[18,80867,39780],{}," stops at the shortest iterable",[14,80870,80871,80872,80874],{},"If the iterables have different lengths, ",[18,80873,39780],{}," stops when the shortest one ends.",[46,80876,80878],{"className":48,"code":80877,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nlist2 = [10, 20]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,80879,80880,80896,80906,80910,80934,80950,80954,80976,80980],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,80881,80882,80884,80886,80888,80890,80892,80894],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,80883,34910],{"class":1914},[55,80885,80702],{"class":34913},[55,80887,66],{"class":65},[55,80889,294],{"class":37725},[55,80891,163],{"class":65},[55,80893,2862],{"class":37725},[55,80895,1480],{"class":65},[55,80897,80898,80900,80902,80904],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,80899,34921],{"class":1193},[55,80901,44611],{"class":902},[55,80903,2363],{"class":703},[55,80905,36243],{"class":902},[55,80907,80908],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,80909,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,80911,80912,80914,80916,80918,80920,80922,80924,80926,80928,80930,80932],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,80913,80731],{"class":902},[55,80915,906],{"class":703},[55,80917,909],{"class":65},[55,80919,93],{"class":75},[55,80921,163],{"class":65},[55,80923,166],{"class":75},[55,80925,163],{"class":65},[55,80927,171],{"class":75},[55,80929,163],{"class":65},[55,80931,2759],{"class":75},[55,80933,924],{"class":65},[55,80935,80936,80938,80940,80942,80944,80946,80948],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,80937,80752],{"class":902},[55,80939,906],{"class":703},[55,80941,909],{"class":65},[55,80943,376],{"class":75},[55,80945,163],{"class":65},[55,80947,916],{"class":75},[55,80949,924],{"class":65},[55,80951,80952],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,80953,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,80955,80956,80958,80960,80962,80964,80966,80968,80970,80972,80974],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,80957,2534],{"class":902},[55,80959,906],{"class":703},[55,80961,80095],{"class":61},[55,80963,66],{"class":65},[55,80965,80785],{"class":318},[55,80967,163],{"class":65},[55,80969,80790],{"class":318},[55,80971,163],{"class":65},[55,80973,80795],{"class":318},[55,80975,322],{"class":65},[55,80977,80978],{"class":57,"line":582},[55,80979,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,80981,80982,80984,80986,80988,80990,80992],{"class":57,"line":6706},[55,80983,62],{"class":61},[55,80985,66],{"class":65},[55,80987,1229],{"class":69},[55,80989,66],{"class":65},[55,80991,2569],{"class":318},[55,80993,79],{"class":65},[14,80995,281],{},[46,80997,80999],{"className":48,"code":80998,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[11, 22]\n",[18,81000,81001],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,81002,81003,81005,81007,81009,81011],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,81004,4186],{"class":65},[55,81006,80829],{"class":75},[55,81008,163],{"class":65},[55,81010,80834],{"class":75},[55,81012,924],{"class":65},[14,81014,81015,81016,81019],{},"Only two results are produced because ",[18,81017,81018],{},"list2"," has only two items.",[41,81021,81023,81025],{"id":81022},"map-returns-an-iterator-like-object",[18,81024,39780],{}," returns an iterator-like object",[14,81027,38086,81028,81030],{},[18,81029,39780],{}," returns a map object.",[14,81032,81033,81034,81037],{},"This object is ",[435,81035,81036],{},"lazy",", which means values are produced only when needed.",[889,81039,2790,81041,81043],{"id":81040},"why-printresult-looks-strange",[18,81042,33084],{}," looks strange",[14,81045,33700],{},[46,81047,81049],{"className":48,"code":81048,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,81050,81051,81071,81089,81093],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,81052,81053,81055,81057,81059,81061,81063,81065,81067,81069],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,81054,1168],{"class":902},[55,81056,906],{"class":703},[55,81058,909],{"class":65},[55,81060,93],{"class":75},[55,81062,163],{"class":65},[55,81064,166],{"class":75},[55,81066,163],{"class":65},[55,81068,171],{"class":75},[55,81070,924],{"class":65},[55,81072,81073,81075,81077,81079,81081,81083,81085,81087],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,81074,2534],{"class":902},[55,81076,906],{"class":703},[55,81078,80095],{"class":61},[55,81080,66],{"class":65},[55,81082,3738],{"class":69},[55,81084,163],{"class":65},[55,81086,1196],{"class":318},[55,81088,322],{"class":65},[55,81090,81091],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,81092,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,81094,81095,81097,81099,81101],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,81096,62],{"class":61},[55,81098,66],{"class":65},[55,81100,2569],{"class":318},[55,81102,322],{"class":65},[14,81104,81105],{},"Output will look something like this:",[46,81107,81109],{"className":48,"code":81108,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"\u003Cmap object at 0x...>\n",[18,81110,81111],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,81112,81113,81115,81117,81119,81121,81123,81125],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,81114,1911],{"class":703},[55,81116,39923],{"class":61},[55,81118,24670],{"class":69},[55,81120,37426],{"class":902},[55,81122,37430],{"class":37429},[55,81124,37433],{"class":34511},[55,81126,1926],{"class":703},[14,81128,81129],{},"That happens because you are printing the map object itself, not the values inside it.",[14,81131,81132],{},"To see the mapped values, convert it to a list or loop over it:",[46,81134,81136],{"className":48,"code":81135,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,81137,81138,81158,81176,81180],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,81139,81140,81142,81144,81146,81148,81150,81152,81154,81156],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,81141,1168],{"class":902},[55,81143,906],{"class":703},[55,81145,909],{"class":65},[55,81147,93],{"class":75},[55,81149,163],{"class":65},[55,81151,166],{"class":75},[55,81153,163],{"class":65},[55,81155,171],{"class":75},[55,81157,924],{"class":65},[55,81159,81160,81162,81164,81166,81168,81170,81172,81174],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,81161,2534],{"class":902},[55,81163,906],{"class":703},[55,81165,80095],{"class":61},[55,81167,66],{"class":65},[55,81169,3738],{"class":69},[55,81171,163],{"class":65},[55,81173,1196],{"class":318},[55,81175,322],{"class":65},[55,81177,81178],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,81179,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,81181,81182,81184,81186,81188,81190,81192],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,81183,62],{"class":61},[55,81185,66],{"class":65},[55,81187,1229],{"class":69},[55,81189,66],{"class":65},[55,81191,2569],{"class":318},[55,81193,79],{"class":65},[14,81195,281],{},[46,81197,81199],{"className":48,"code":81198,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['1', '2', '3']\n",[18,81200,81201],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,81202,81203,81205,81207,81209,81211,81213,81215,81217,81219,81221,81223,81225,81227],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,81204,4186],{"class":65},[55,81206,1923],{"class":109},[55,81208,93],{"class":129},[55,81210,1923],{"class":109},[55,81212,163],{"class":65},[55,81214,1918],{"class":109},[55,81216,707],{"class":129},[55,81218,1923],{"class":109},[55,81220,163],{"class":65},[55,81222,1918],{"class":109},[55,81224,2366],{"class":129},[55,81226,1923],{"class":109},[55,81228,924],{"class":65},[889,81230,81232],{"id":81231},"you-can-loop-over-a-map-object-directly","You can loop over a map object directly",[46,81234,81236],{"className":48,"code":81235,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[18,81237,81238,81258,81276,81280,81293],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,81239,81240,81242,81244,81246,81248,81250,81252,81254,81256],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,81241,1168],{"class":902},[55,81243,906],{"class":703},[55,81245,909],{"class":65},[55,81247,93],{"class":75},[55,81249,163],{"class":65},[55,81251,166],{"class":75},[55,81253,163],{"class":65},[55,81255,171],{"class":75},[55,81257,924],{"class":65},[55,81259,81260,81262,81264,81266,81268,81270,81272,81274],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,81261,2534],{"class":902},[55,81263,906],{"class":703},[55,81265,80095],{"class":61},[55,81267,66],{"class":65},[55,81269,3738],{"class":69},[55,81271,163],{"class":65},[55,81273,1196],{"class":318},[55,81275,322],{"class":65},[55,81277,81278],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,81279,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,81281,81282,81284,81286,81288,81291],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,81283,6236],{"class":1193},[55,81285,6239],{"class":902},[55,81287,4168],{"class":1193},[55,81289,81290],{"class":902}," result",[55,81292,1199],{"class":65},[55,81294,81295,81297,81299,81301],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,81296,1204],{"class":61},[55,81298,66],{"class":65},[55,81300,23363],{"class":318},[55,81302,322],{"class":65},[14,81304,281],{},[46,81306,81308],{"className":48,"code":81307,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"1\n2\n3\n",[18,81309,81310,81314,81318],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,81311,81312],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,81313,46984],{"class":75},[55,81315,81316],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,81317,17105],{"class":75},[55,81319,81320],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,81321,46684],{"class":75},[889,81323,81325],{"id":81324},"a-map-object-is-exhausted-after-use","A map object is exhausted after use",[14,81327,81328],{},"Once you consume a map object, it is empty the next time.",[46,81330,81332],{"className":48,"code":81331,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,81333,81334,81354,81372,81376,81390],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,81335,81336,81338,81340,81342,81344,81346,81348,81350,81352],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,81337,1168],{"class":902},[55,81339,906],{"class":703},[55,81341,909],{"class":65},[55,81343,93],{"class":75},[55,81345,163],{"class":65},[55,81347,166],{"class":75},[55,81349,163],{"class":65},[55,81351,171],{"class":75},[55,81353,924],{"class":65},[55,81355,81356,81358,81360,81362,81364,81366,81368,81370],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,81357,2534],{"class":902},[55,81359,906],{"class":703},[55,81361,80095],{"class":61},[55,81363,66],{"class":65},[55,81365,3738],{"class":69},[55,81367,163],{"class":65},[55,81369,1196],{"class":318},[55,81371,322],{"class":65},[55,81373,81374],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,81375,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,81377,81378,81380,81382,81384,81386,81388],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,81379,62],{"class":61},[55,81381,66],{"class":65},[55,81383,1229],{"class":69},[55,81385,66],{"class":65},[55,81387,2569],{"class":318},[55,81389,79],{"class":65},[55,81391,81392,81394,81396,81398,81400,81402],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,81393,62],{"class":61},[55,81395,66],{"class":65},[55,81397,1229],{"class":69},[55,81399,66],{"class":65},[55,81401,2569],{"class":318},[55,81403,79],{"class":65},[14,81405,281],{},[46,81407,81409],{"className":48,"code":81408,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['1', '2', '3']\n[]\n",[18,81410,81411,81439],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,81412,81413,81415,81417,81419,81421,81423,81425,81427,81429,81431,81433,81435,81437],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,81414,4186],{"class":65},[55,81416,1923],{"class":109},[55,81418,93],{"class":129},[55,81420,1923],{"class":109},[55,81422,163],{"class":65},[55,81424,1918],{"class":109},[55,81426,707],{"class":129},[55,81428,1923],{"class":109},[55,81430,163],{"class":65},[55,81432,1918],{"class":109},[55,81434,2366],{"class":129},[55,81436,1923],{"class":109},[55,81438,924],{"class":65},[55,81440,81441],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,81442,38360],{"class":65},[14,81444,81445],{},"The second list is empty because the map object was already used.",[14,81447,81448],{},"If you need the values more than once, store them in a list:",[46,81450,81452],{"className":48,"code":81451,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[18,81453,81454,81474,81496,81500,81510],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,81455,81456,81458,81460,81462,81464,81466,81468,81470,81472],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,81457,1168],{"class":902},[55,81459,906],{"class":703},[55,81461,909],{"class":65},[55,81463,93],{"class":75},[55,81465,163],{"class":65},[55,81467,166],{"class":75},[55,81469,163],{"class":65},[55,81471,171],{"class":75},[55,81473,924],{"class":65},[55,81475,81476,81478,81480,81482,81484,81486,81488,81490,81492,81494],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,81477,2534],{"class":902},[55,81479,906],{"class":703},[55,81481,22612],{"class":69},[55,81483,66],{"class":65},[55,81485,39923],{"class":61},[55,81487,66],{"class":65},[55,81489,3738],{"class":69},[55,81491,163],{"class":65},[55,81493,1196],{"class":318},[55,81495,79],{"class":65},[55,81497,81498],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,81499,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,81501,81502,81504,81506,81508],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,81503,62],{"class":61},[55,81505,66],{"class":65},[55,81507,2569],{"class":318},[55,81509,322],{"class":65},[55,81511,81512,81514,81516,81518],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,81513,62],{"class":61},[55,81515,66],{"class":65},[55,81517,2569],{"class":318},[55,81519,322],{"class":65},[14,81521,281],{},[46,81523,81525],{"className":48,"code":81524,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['1', '2', '3']\n['1', '2', '3']\n",[18,81526,81527,81555],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,81528,81529,81531,81533,81535,81537,81539,81541,81543,81545,81547,81549,81551,81553],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,81530,4186],{"class":65},[55,81532,1923],{"class":109},[55,81534,93],{"class":129},[55,81536,1923],{"class":109},[55,81538,163],{"class":65},[55,81540,1918],{"class":109},[55,81542,707],{"class":129},[55,81544,1923],{"class":109},[55,81546,163],{"class":65},[55,81548,1918],{"class":109},[55,81550,2366],{"class":129},[55,81552,1923],{"class":109},[55,81554,924],{"class":65},[55,81556,81557,81559,81561,81563,81565,81567,81569,81571,81573,81575,81577,81579,81581],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,81558,4186],{"class":65},[55,81560,1923],{"class":109},[55,81562,93],{"class":129},[55,81564,1923],{"class":109},[55,81566,163],{"class":65},[55,81568,1918],{"class":109},[55,81570,707],{"class":129},[55,81572,1923],{"class":109},[55,81574,163],{"class":65},[55,81576,1918],{"class":109},[55,81578,2366],{"class":129},[55,81580,1923],{"class":109},[55,81582,924],{"class":65},[41,81584,5247,81586],{"id":81585},"when-to-use-map",[18,81587,39780],{},[14,81589,81590,81592],{},[18,81591,39780],{}," is a good choice when you want to apply one function to every item.",[14,81594,81595],{},"It works especially well with simple built-in functions such as:",[240,81597,81598,81602,81606],{},[243,81599,81600],{},[18,81601,3738],{},[243,81603,81604],{},[18,81605,2492],{},[243,81607,81608],{},[18,81609,2322],{},[14,81611,358],{},[46,81613,81615],{"className":48,"code":81614,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = ['1', '2', '3']\nnumbers = list(map(int, values))\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,81616,81617,81649,81671,81675],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,81618,81619,81621,81623,81625,81627,81629,81631,81633,81635,81637,81639,81641,81643,81645,81647],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,81620,4110],{"class":902},[55,81622,906],{"class":703},[55,81624,909],{"class":65},[55,81626,1923],{"class":109},[55,81628,93],{"class":129},[55,81630,1923],{"class":109},[55,81632,163],{"class":65},[55,81634,1918],{"class":109},[55,81636,707],{"class":129},[55,81638,1923],{"class":109},[55,81640,163],{"class":65},[55,81642,1918],{"class":109},[55,81644,2366],{"class":129},[55,81646,1923],{"class":109},[55,81648,924],{"class":65},[55,81650,81651,81653,81655,81657,81659,81661,81663,81665,81667,81669],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,81652,1168],{"class":902},[55,81654,906],{"class":703},[55,81656,22612],{"class":69},[55,81658,66],{"class":65},[55,81660,39923],{"class":61},[55,81662,66],{"class":65},[55,81664,2492],{"class":69},[55,81666,163],{"class":65},[55,81668,4171],{"class":318},[55,81670,79],{"class":65},[55,81672,81673],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,81674,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,81676,81677,81679,81681,81683],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,81678,62],{"class":61},[55,81680,66],{"class":65},[55,81682,332],{"class":318},[55,81684,322],{"class":65},[14,81686,281],{},[46,81688,81689],{"className":48,"code":55220,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,81690,81691],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,81692,81693,81695,81697,81699,81701,81703,81705],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,81694,4186],{"class":65},[55,81696,93],{"class":75},[55,81698,163],{"class":65},[55,81700,166],{"class":75},[55,81702,163],{"class":65},[55,81704,171],{"class":75},[55,81706,924],{"class":65},[14,81708,81709],{},"For beginners, a list comprehension is often easier to read.",[14,81711,81712],{},"For example, these do similar work:",[46,81714,81716],{"className":48,"code":81715,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[18,81717,81718,81738,81760],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,81719,81720,81722,81724,81726,81728,81730,81732,81734,81736],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,81721,1168],{"class":902},[55,81723,906],{"class":703},[55,81725,909],{"class":65},[55,81727,93],{"class":75},[55,81729,163],{"class":65},[55,81731,166],{"class":75},[55,81733,163],{"class":65},[55,81735,171],{"class":75},[55,81737,924],{"class":65},[55,81739,81740,81742,81744,81746,81748,81750,81752,81754,81756,81758],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,81741,2534],{"class":902},[55,81743,906],{"class":703},[55,81745,22612],{"class":69},[55,81747,66],{"class":65},[55,81749,39923],{"class":61},[55,81751,66],{"class":65},[55,81753,3738],{"class":69},[55,81755,163],{"class":65},[55,81757,1196],{"class":318},[55,81759,79],{"class":65},[55,81761,81762,81764,81766,81768],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,81763,62],{"class":61},[55,81765,66],{"class":65},[55,81767,2569],{"class":318},[55,81769,322],{"class":65},[46,81771,81773],{"className":48,"code":81772,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = [str(n) for n in numbers]\nprint(result)\n",[18,81774,81775,81795,81822],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,81776,81777,81779,81781,81783,81785,81787,81789,81791,81793],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,81778,1168],{"class":902},[55,81780,906],{"class":703},[55,81782,909],{"class":65},[55,81784,93],{"class":75},[55,81786,163],{"class":65},[55,81788,166],{"class":75},[55,81790,163],{"class":65},[55,81792,171],{"class":75},[55,81794,924],{"class":65},[55,81796,81797,81799,81801,81803,81805,81807,81809,81811,81813,81816,81818,81820],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,81798,2534],{"class":902},[55,81800,906],{"class":703},[55,81802,909],{"class":65},[55,81804,3738],{"class":69},[55,81806,66],{"class":65},[55,81808,76103],{"class":318},[55,81810,3953],{"class":65},[55,81812,4162],{"class":1193},[55,81814,81815],{"class":902}," n ",[55,81817,4168],{"class":1193},[55,81819,1196],{"class":902},[55,81821,924],{"class":65},[55,81823,81824,81826,81828,81830],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,81825,62],{"class":61},[55,81827,66],{"class":65},[55,81829,2569],{"class":318},[55,81831,322],{"class":65},[14,81833,81834],{},"Both produce:",[46,81836,81837],{"className":48,"code":81198,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,81838,81839],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,81840,81841,81843,81845,81847,81849,81851,81853,81855,81857,81859,81861,81863,81865],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,81842,4186],{"class":65},[55,81844,1923],{"class":109},[55,81846,93],{"class":129},[55,81848,1923],{"class":109},[55,81850,163],{"class":65},[55,81852,1918],{"class":109},[55,81854,707],{"class":129},[55,81856,1923],{"class":109},[55,81858,163],{"class":65},[55,81860,1918],{"class":109},[55,81862,2366],{"class":129},[55,81864,1923],{"class":109},[55,81866,924],{"class":65},[14,81868,81869],{},"A simple rule:",[240,81871,81872,81877,81882],{},[243,81873,40054,81874,81876],{},[18,81875,39780],{}," when applying a clear function to every item",[243,81878,40060,81879,81881],{},[18,81880,6236],{}," loop when you need more steps or more explanation",[243,81883,81884],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a compact and readable transformation",[14,81886,81887,81888,29],{},"If you want more practice with that style, see ",[294,81889,4678],{"href":4677},[41,81891,4803],{"id":4802},[889,81893,81895,81896],{"id":81894},"_1-forgetting-to-convert-the-result-to-list","1. Forgetting to convert the result to ",[18,81897,24834],{},[14,81899,81900],{},"This is very common:",[46,81902,81903],{"className":48,"code":81048,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,81904,81905,81925,81943,81947],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,81906,81907,81909,81911,81913,81915,81917,81919,81921,81923],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,81908,1168],{"class":902},[55,81910,906],{"class":703},[55,81912,909],{"class":65},[55,81914,93],{"class":75},[55,81916,163],{"class":65},[55,81918,166],{"class":75},[55,81920,163],{"class":65},[55,81922,171],{"class":75},[55,81924,924],{"class":65},[55,81926,81927,81929,81931,81933,81935,81937,81939,81941],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,81928,2534],{"class":902},[55,81930,906],{"class":703},[55,81932,80095],{"class":61},[55,81934,66],{"class":65},[55,81936,3738],{"class":69},[55,81938,163],{"class":65},[55,81940,1196],{"class":318},[55,81942,322],{"class":65},[55,81944,81945],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,81946,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,81948,81949,81951,81953,81955],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,81950,62],{"class":61},[55,81952,66],{"class":65},[55,81954,2569],{"class":318},[55,81956,322],{"class":65},[14,81958,81959],{},"This prints the map object, not the values.",[14,81961,39325],{},[46,81963,81965],{"className":48,"code":81964,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(list(result))\n",[18,81966,81967],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,81968,81969,81971,81973,81975,81977,81979],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,81970,62],{"class":61},[55,81972,66],{"class":65},[55,81974,1229],{"class":69},[55,81976,66],{"class":65},[55,81978,2569],{"class":318},[55,81980,79],{"class":65},[889,81982,81984],{"id":81983},"_2-calling-the-function-instead-of-passing-it","2. Calling the function instead of passing it",[14,81986,16692],{},[46,81988,81990],{"className":48,"code":81989,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str(), numbers)\n",[18,81991,81992,82012],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,81993,81994,81996,81998,82000,82002,82004,82006,82008,82010],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,81995,1168],{"class":902},[55,81997,906],{"class":703},[55,81999,909],{"class":65},[55,82001,93],{"class":75},[55,82003,163],{"class":65},[55,82005,166],{"class":75},[55,82007,163],{"class":65},[55,82009,171],{"class":75},[55,82011,924],{"class":65},[55,82013,82014,82016,82018,82020,82022,82024,82027,82029],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,82015,2534],{"class":902},[55,82017,906],{"class":703},[55,82019,80095],{"class":61},[55,82021,66],{"class":65},[55,82023,3738],{"class":69},[55,82025,82026],{"class":65},"(),",[55,82028,1196],{"class":318},[55,82030,322],{"class":65},[14,82032,82033,82034,82036,82037,82039],{},"This is wrong because ",[18,82035,47751],{}," is being called immediately. ",[18,82038,39780],{}," needs the function itself, not the result of calling it.",[14,82041,16704],{},[46,82043,82044],{"className":48,"code":81135,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,82045,82046,82066,82084,82088],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,82047,82048,82050,82052,82054,82056,82058,82060,82062,82064],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,82049,1168],{"class":902},[55,82051,906],{"class":703},[55,82053,909],{"class":65},[55,82055,93],{"class":75},[55,82057,163],{"class":65},[55,82059,166],{"class":75},[55,82061,163],{"class":65},[55,82063,171],{"class":75},[55,82065,924],{"class":65},[55,82067,82068,82070,82072,82074,82076,82078,82080,82082],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,82069,2534],{"class":902},[55,82071,906],{"class":703},[55,82073,80095],{"class":61},[55,82075,66],{"class":65},[55,82077,3738],{"class":69},[55,82079,163],{"class":65},[55,82081,1196],{"class":318},[55,82083,322],{"class":65},[55,82085,82086],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,82087,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,82089,82090,82092,82094,82096,82098,82100],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,82091,62],{"class":61},[55,82093,66],{"class":65},[55,82095,1229],{"class":69},[55,82097,66],{"class":65},[55,82099,2569],{"class":318},[55,82101,79],{"class":65},[889,82103,82105],{"id":82104},"_3-using-a-function-with-the-wrong-number-of-parameters","3. Using a function with the wrong number of parameters",[14,82107,82108],{},"If your function needs two arguments, but you pass only one iterable, it will fail.",[14,82110,16692],{},[46,82112,82114],{"className":48,"code":82113,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(add, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,82115,82116,82133,82143,82147,82167,82186,82190],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,82117,82118,82120,82123,82125,82127,82129,82131],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,82119,34910],{"class":1914},[55,82121,82122],{"class":34913}," add",[55,82124,66],{"class":65},[55,82126,294],{"class":37725},[55,82128,163],{"class":65},[55,82130,2862],{"class":37725},[55,82132,1480],{"class":65},[55,82134,82135,82137,82139,82141],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,82136,34921],{"class":1193},[55,82138,44611],{"class":902},[55,82140,2363],{"class":703},[55,82142,36243],{"class":902},[55,82144,82145],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,82146,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,82148,82149,82151,82153,82155,82157,82159,82161,82163,82165],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,82150,1168],{"class":902},[55,82152,906],{"class":703},[55,82154,909],{"class":65},[55,82156,93],{"class":75},[55,82158,163],{"class":65},[55,82160,166],{"class":75},[55,82162,163],{"class":65},[55,82164,171],{"class":75},[55,82166,924],{"class":65},[55,82168,82169,82171,82173,82175,82177,82180,82182,82184],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,82170,2534],{"class":902},[55,82172,906],{"class":703},[55,82174,80095],{"class":61},[55,82176,66],{"class":65},[55,82178,82179],{"class":318},"add",[55,82181,163],{"class":65},[55,82183,1196],{"class":318},[55,82185,322],{"class":65},[55,82187,82188],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,82189,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,82191,82192,82194,82196,82198,82200,82202],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,82193,62],{"class":61},[55,82195,66],{"class":65},[55,82197,1229],{"class":69},[55,82199,66],{"class":65},[55,82201,2569],{"class":318},[55,82203,79],{"class":65},[14,82205,16704],{},[46,82207,82209],{"className":48,"code":82208,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(add, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,82210,82211,82227,82237,82241,82261,82281,82303,82307],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,82212,82213,82215,82217,82219,82221,82223,82225],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,82214,34910],{"class":1914},[55,82216,82122],{"class":34913},[55,82218,66],{"class":65},[55,82220,294],{"class":37725},[55,82222,163],{"class":65},[55,82224,2862],{"class":37725},[55,82226,1480],{"class":65},[55,82228,82229,82231,82233,82235],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,82230,34921],{"class":1193},[55,82232,44611],{"class":902},[55,82234,2363],{"class":703},[55,82236,36243],{"class":902},[55,82238,82239],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,82240,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,82242,82243,82245,82247,82249,82251,82253,82255,82257,82259],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,82244,80731],{"class":902},[55,82246,906],{"class":703},[55,82248,909],{"class":65},[55,82250,93],{"class":75},[55,82252,163],{"class":65},[55,82254,166],{"class":75},[55,82256,163],{"class":65},[55,82258,171],{"class":75},[55,82260,924],{"class":65},[55,82262,82263,82265,82267,82269,82271,82273,82275,82277,82279],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,82264,80752],{"class":902},[55,82266,906],{"class":703},[55,82268,909],{"class":65},[55,82270,376],{"class":75},[55,82272,163],{"class":65},[55,82274,916],{"class":75},[55,82276,163],{"class":65},[55,82278,921],{"class":75},[55,82280,924],{"class":65},[55,82282,82283,82285,82287,82289,82291,82293,82295,82297,82299,82301],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,82284,2534],{"class":902},[55,82286,906],{"class":703},[55,82288,80095],{"class":61},[55,82290,66],{"class":65},[55,82292,82179],{"class":318},[55,82294,163],{"class":65},[55,82296,80790],{"class":318},[55,82298,163],{"class":65},[55,82300,80795],{"class":318},[55,82302,322],{"class":65},[55,82304,82305],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,82306,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,82308,82309,82311,82313,82315,82317,82319],{"class":57,"line":582},[55,82310,62],{"class":61},[55,82312,66],{"class":65},[55,82314,1229],{"class":69},[55,82316,66],{"class":65},[55,82318,2569],{"class":318},[55,82320,79],{"class":65},[889,82322,82324],{"id":82323},"_4-reusing-the-same-map-object","4. Reusing the same map object",[14,82326,16692],{},[46,82328,82329],{"className":48,"code":81331,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,82330,82331,82351,82369,82373,82387],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,82332,82333,82335,82337,82339,82341,82343,82345,82347,82349],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,82334,1168],{"class":902},[55,82336,906],{"class":703},[55,82338,909],{"class":65},[55,82340,93],{"class":75},[55,82342,163],{"class":65},[55,82344,166],{"class":75},[55,82346,163],{"class":65},[55,82348,171],{"class":75},[55,82350,924],{"class":65},[55,82352,82353,82355,82357,82359,82361,82363,82365,82367],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,82354,2534],{"class":902},[55,82356,906],{"class":703},[55,82358,80095],{"class":61},[55,82360,66],{"class":65},[55,82362,3738],{"class":69},[55,82364,163],{"class":65},[55,82366,1196],{"class":318},[55,82368,322],{"class":65},[55,82370,82371],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,82372,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,82374,82375,82377,82379,82381,82383,82385],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,82376,62],{"class":61},[55,82378,66],{"class":65},[55,82380,1229],{"class":69},[55,82382,66],{"class":65},[55,82384,2569],{"class":318},[55,82386,79],{"class":65},[55,82388,82389,82391,82393,82395,82397,82399],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,82390,62],{"class":61},[55,82392,66],{"class":65},[55,82394,1229],{"class":69},[55,82396,66],{"class":65},[55,82398,2569],{"class":318},[55,82400,79],{"class":65},[14,82402,82403],{},"The second result is empty.",[14,82405,82406],{},"Fix: create a new map object, or convert once and save the list.",[41,82408,67968],{"id":67967},[14,82410,2029,82411,82413],{},[18,82412,39780],{}," is not doing what you expect, these quick checks can help:",[46,82415,82417],{"className":48,"code":82416,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(result)\nprint(list(result))\nprint(type(result))\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[18,82418,82419,82429,82443,82457,82469],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,82420,82421,82423,82425,82427],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,82422,62],{"class":61},[55,82424,66],{"class":65},[55,82426,2569],{"class":318},[55,82428,322],{"class":65},[55,82430,82431,82433,82435,82437,82439,82441],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,82432,62],{"class":61},[55,82434,66],{"class":65},[55,82436,1229],{"class":69},[55,82438,66],{"class":65},[55,82440,2569],{"class":318},[55,82442,79],{"class":65},[55,82444,82445,82447,82449,82451,82453,82455],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,82446,62],{"class":61},[55,82448,66],{"class":65},[55,82450,1879],{"class":69},[55,82452,66],{"class":65},[55,82454,2569],{"class":318},[55,82456,79],{"class":65},[55,82458,82459,82461,82463,82465,82467],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,82460,6236],{"class":1193},[55,82462,6239],{"class":902},[55,82464,4168],{"class":1193},[55,82466,81290],{"class":902},[55,82468,1199],{"class":65},[55,82470,82471,82473,82475,82477],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,82472,1204],{"class":61},[55,82474,66],{"class":65},[55,82476,23363],{"class":318},[55,82478,322],{"class":65},[14,82480,12716],{},[240,82482,82483,82488,82493,82499],{},[243,82484,82485,82487],{},[18,82486,33084],{}," shows that you have a map object",[243,82489,82490,82492],{},[18,82491,33092],{}," shows the actual mapped values",[243,82494,82495,82498],{},[18,82496,82497],{},"print(type(result))"," confirms the result type",[243,82500,82501,82502,82504],{},"looping over ",[18,82503,2569],{}," lets you inspect items one by one",[14,82506,82507,82508,82511,82512,82514],{},"Be careful: ",[18,82509,82510],{},"list(result)"," and a ",[18,82513,6236],{}," loop consume the map object.",[41,82516,2139],{"id":2138},[889,82518,12748,82520,82522],{"id":82519},"does-map-return-a-list-in-python",[18,82521,39780],{}," return a list in Python?",[14,82524,82525,82526,82528,82529,23991],{},"No. In Python 3, ",[18,82527,39780],{}," returns a map object. Use ",[18,82530,82531],{},"list(map(...))",[889,82533,14950,82535,82537,82538,82540],{"id":82534},"is-map-better-than-a-for-loop",[18,82536,39780],{}," better than a ",[18,82539,6236],{}," loop?",[14,82542,82543,82544,82546,82547,82549],{},"Not always. ",[18,82545,39780],{}," is shorter for simple transformations, but a ",[18,82548,6236],{}," loop can be easier to read.",[889,82551,5456,82553,82555],{"id":82552},"can-map-use-more-than-one-list",[18,82554,39780],{}," use more than one list?",[14,82557,82558],{},"Yes. Pass multiple iterables, and use a function that accepts one argument for each iterable.",[889,82560,82562],{"id":82561},"why-is-my-map-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my map object empty the second time?",[14,82564,82565],{},"A map object is consumed as you iterate over it. Create a new one if you need to use it again.",[41,82567,2193],{"id":2192},[240,82569,82570,82576,82582,82586,82590],{},[243,82571,82572],{},[294,82573,3871,82574,3804],{"href":40149},[18,82575,37638],{},[243,82577,82578],{},[294,82579,3871,82580,3804],{"href":64920},[18,82581,24834],{},[243,82583,82584],{},[294,82585,5508],{"href":5418},[243,82587,82588],{},[294,82589,5513],{"href":4677},[243,82591,82592],{},[294,82593,5503],{"href":5422},[2226,82595,82596],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":82598},[82599,82600,82602,82603,82604,82606,82611,82618,82620,82627,82628,82637],{"id":2307,"depth":82,"text":2308},{"id":80174,"depth":82,"text":82601},"What map() does",{"id":2459,"depth":82,"text":2460},{"id":11516,"depth":82,"text":11517},{"id":80493,"depth":82,"text":82605},"Using map() with your own function",{"id":80677,"depth":82,"text":82607,"children":82608},"Using map() with multiple iterables",[82609],{"id":80865,"depth":98,"text":82610},"map() stops at the shortest iterable",{"id":81022,"depth":82,"text":82612,"children":82613},"map() returns an iterator-like object",[82614,82616,82617],{"id":81040,"depth":98,"text":82615},"Why print(result) looks strange",{"id":81231,"depth":98,"text":81232},{"id":81324,"depth":98,"text":81325},{"id":81585,"depth":82,"text":82619},"When to use map()",{"id":4802,"depth":82,"text":4803,"children":82621},[82622,82624,82625,82626],{"id":81894,"depth":98,"text":82623},"1. Forgetting to convert the result to list()",{"id":81983,"depth":98,"text":81984},{"id":82104,"depth":98,"text":82105},{"id":82323,"depth":98,"text":82324},{"id":67967,"depth":82,"text":67968},{"id":2138,"depth":82,"text":2139,"children":82629},[82630,82632,82634,82636],{"id":82519,"depth":98,"text":82631},"Does map() return a list in Python?",{"id":82534,"depth":98,"text":82633},"Is map() better than a for loop?",{"id":82552,"depth":98,"text":82635},"Can map() use more than one list?",{"id":82561,"depth":98,"text":82562},{"id":2192,"depth":82,"text":2193},"Master python map function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained",{"title":80006,"description":82638},"reference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained","4MI2YLPo_ZE_nkJe3whDWQ5FDq18dCJHZg2kU_VJhkQ",{"id":82645,"title":82646,"body":82647,"description":84667,"extension":2267,"meta":84668,"navigation":1121,"path":84669,"seo":84670,"stem":84671,"__hash__":84672},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained.md","Python max() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":82648,"toc":84625},[82649,82655,82660,82663,82671,82674,82676,82800,82802,82820,82822,82842,82847,82851,82865,82868,82871,82873,82878,82990,82993,83011,83017,83020,83082,83084,83093,83096,83110,83112,83160,83162,83171,83181,83187,83190,83217,83219,83227,83230,83233,83303,83305,83313,83316,83321,83326,83377,83379,83387,83390,83392,83409,83411,83463,83466,83472,83476,83481,83484,83488,83547,83549,83558,83564,83573,83577,83640,83642,83650,83655,83659,83664,83744,83746,83755,83762,83767,83772,83775,83810,83812,83820,83823,83829,83831,83881,83883,83892,83895,83913,83915,83920,83926,83933,83960,83962,83985,83990,84025,84030,84036,84041,84084,84087,84090,84129,84136,84142,84147,84162,84166,84173,84176,84180,84185,84189,84194,84196,84257,84259,84288,84293,84300,84309,84311,84314,84339,84341,84444,84447,84465,84474,84476,84481,84484,84490,84493,84495,84505,84511,84515,84573,84580,84588,84590,84622],[10,82650,3871,82652,3875],{"id":82651},"python-max-function-explained",[18,82653,82654],{},"max()",[14,82656,9159,82657,82659],{},[18,82658,82654],{}," function returns the largest item.",[14,82661,82662],{},"You can use it in two main ways:",[240,82664,82665,82668],{},[243,82666,82667],{},"To get the largest item from an iterable like a list or tuple",[243,82669,82670],{},"To compare two or more separate values",[14,82672,82673],{},"This is useful when you want the highest number, the alphabetically largest string, or the biggest item based on a custom rule.",[41,82675,2308],{"id":2307},[46,82677,82679],{"className":48,"code":82678,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\nprint(max(numbers))\n\nprint(max(3, 8, 2, 5))\n\nwords = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[18,82680,82681,82705,82720,82724,82750,82754,82786],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,82682,82683,82685,82687,82689,82691,82693,82695,82697,82699,82701,82703],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,82684,1168],{"class":902},[55,82686,906],{"class":703},[55,82688,909],{"class":65},[55,82690,2366],{"class":75},[55,82692,163],{"class":65},[55,82694,6636],{"class":75},[55,82696,163],{"class":65},[55,82698,166],{"class":75},[55,82700,163],{"class":65},[55,82702,4890],{"class":75},[55,82704,924],{"class":65},[55,82706,82707,82709,82711,82714,82716,82718],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,82708,62],{"class":61},[55,82710,66],{"class":65},[55,82712,82713],{"class":61},"max",[55,82715,66],{"class":65},[55,82717,332],{"class":318},[55,82719,79],{"class":65},[55,82721,82722],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,82723,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,82725,82726,82728,82730,82732,82734,82736,82738,82740,82742,82744,82746,82748],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,82727,62],{"class":61},[55,82729,66],{"class":65},[55,82731,82713],{"class":61},[55,82733,66],{"class":65},[55,82735,2366],{"class":75},[55,82737,163],{"class":65},[55,82739,6636],{"class":75},[55,82741,163],{"class":65},[55,82743,166],{"class":75},[55,82745,163],{"class":65},[55,82747,4890],{"class":75},[55,82749,79],{"class":65},[55,82751,82752],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,82753,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,82755,82756,82758,82760,82762,82764,82766,82768,82770,82772,82774,82776,82778,82780,82782,82784],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,82757,4355],{"class":902},[55,82759,906],{"class":703},[55,82761,909],{"class":65},[55,82763,126],{"class":109},[55,82765,4364],{"class":129},[55,82767,126],{"class":109},[55,82769,163],{"class":65},[55,82771,793],{"class":109},[55,82773,4373],{"class":129},[55,82775,126],{"class":109},[55,82777,163],{"class":65},[55,82779,793],{"class":109},[55,82781,78817],{"class":129},[55,82783,126],{"class":109},[55,82785,924],{"class":65},[55,82787,82788,82790,82792,82794,82796,82798],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,82789,62],{"class":61},[55,82791,66],{"class":65},[55,82793,82713],{"class":61},[55,82795,66],{"class":65},[55,82797,4399],{"class":318},[55,82799,79],{"class":65},[14,82801,281],{},[46,82803,82805],{"className":48,"code":82804,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"8\n8\npear\n",[18,82806,82807,82811,82815],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,82808,82809],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,82810,2685],{"class":75},[55,82812,82813],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,82814,2685],{"class":75},[55,82816,82817],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,82818,82819],{"class":902},"pear\n",[14,82821,20008],{},[240,82823,82824,82830,82836],{},[243,82825,82826,82829],{},[18,82827,82828],{},"max(numbers)"," uses the iterable form",[243,82831,82832,82835],{},[18,82833,82834],{},"max(3, 8, 2, 5)"," uses separate arguments",[243,82837,82838,82841],{},[18,82839,82840],{},"max(words)"," compares strings alphabetically",[41,82843,3970,82845,3973],{"id":82844},"what-max-does",[18,82846,82654],{},[14,82848,82849,790],{},[18,82850,82654],{},[240,82852,82853,82856,82859,82862],{},[243,82854,82855],{},"Returns the largest item",[243,82857,82858],{},"Works with a list, tuple, string, set, or other iterable",[243,82860,82861],{},"Also works with two or more separate values",[243,82863,82864],{},"Compares items using Python’s normal ordering rules",[14,82866,82867],{},"For numbers, “largest” means the highest value.",[14,82869,82870],{},"For strings, “largest” means the item that comes last in alphabetical order.",[41,82872,2460],{"id":2459},[14,82874,82875,82876,790],{},"Here are the main forms of ",[18,82877,82654],{},[46,82879,82881],{"className":48,"code":82880,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"max(iterable)\nmax(iterable, *, key=func)\nmax(iterable, *, default=value)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args, key=func)\n",[18,82882,82883,82893,82917,82939,82962],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,82884,82885,82887,82889,82891],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,82886,82713],{"class":61},[55,82888,66],{"class":65},[55,82890,4014],{"class":318},[55,82892,322],{"class":65},[55,82894,82895,82897,82899,82901,82903,82906,82908,82910,82912,82915],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,82896,82713],{"class":61},[55,82898,66],{"class":65},[55,82900,4014],{"class":318},[55,82902,163],{"class":65},[55,82904,82905],{"class":703}," *",[55,82907,163],{"class":65},[55,82909,21631],{"class":9212},[55,82911,906],{"class":703},[55,82913,82914],{"class":318},"func",[55,82916,322],{"class":65},[55,82918,82919,82921,82923,82925,82927,82929,82931,82933,82935,82937],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,82920,82713],{"class":61},[55,82922,66],{"class":65},[55,82924,4014],{"class":318},[55,82926,163],{"class":65},[55,82928,82905],{"class":703},[55,82930,163],{"class":65},[55,82932,26577],{"class":9212},[55,82934,906],{"class":703},[55,82936,319],{"class":318},[55,82938,322],{"class":65},[55,82940,82941,82943,82945,82948,82950,82953,82955,82957,82960],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,82942,82713],{"class":61},[55,82944,66],{"class":65},[55,82946,82947],{"class":318},"arg1",[55,82949,163],{"class":65},[55,82951,82952],{"class":318}," arg2",[55,82954,163],{"class":65},[55,82956,82905],{"class":703},[55,82958,82959],{"class":318},"args",[55,82961,322],{"class":65},[55,82963,82964,82966,82968,82970,82972,82974,82976,82978,82980,82982,82984,82986,82988],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,82965,82713],{"class":61},[55,82967,66],{"class":65},[55,82969,82947],{"class":318},[55,82971,163],{"class":65},[55,82973,82952],{"class":318},[55,82975,163],{"class":65},[55,82977,82905],{"class":703},[55,82979,82959],{"class":318},[55,82981,163],{"class":65},[55,82983,21631],{"class":9212},[55,82985,906],{"class":703},[55,82987,82914],{"class":318},[55,82989,322],{"class":65},[14,82991,82992],{},"The most important parts are:",[240,82994,82995,83000,83005],{},[243,82996,82997,82999],{},[18,82998,4014],{},": a collection like a list, tuple, or string",[243,83001,83002,83004],{},[18,83003,14888],{},": a function that tells Python how to compare items",[243,83006,83007,83010],{},[18,83008,83009],{},"default",": a value to return if the iterable is empty",[41,83012,1556,83014,83016],{"id":83013},"using-max-with-a-list-of-numbers",[18,83015,82654],{}," with a list of numbers",[14,83018,83019],{},"This is the most common beginner use case.",[46,83021,83023],{"className":48,"code":83022,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"scores = [72, 91, 85, 66]\nhighest_score = max(scores)\n\nprint(highest_score)\n",[18,83024,83025,83051,83067,83071],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,83026,83027,83029,83031,83033,83036,83038,83040,83042,83044,83046,83049],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,83028,5350],{"class":902},[55,83030,906],{"class":703},[55,83032,909],{"class":65},[55,83034,83035],{"class":75},"72",[55,83037,163],{"class":65},[55,83039,51579],{"class":75},[55,83041,163],{"class":65},[55,83043,13553],{"class":75},[55,83045,163],{"class":65},[55,83047,83048],{"class":75}," 66",[55,83050,924],{"class":65},[55,83052,83053,83056,83058,83061,83063,83065],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,83054,83055],{"class":902},"highest_score ",[55,83057,906],{"class":703},[55,83059,83060],{"class":61}," max",[55,83062,66],{"class":65},[55,83064,16437],{"class":318},[55,83066,322],{"class":65},[55,83068,83069],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,83070,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,83072,83073,83075,83077,83080],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,83074,62],{"class":61},[55,83076,66],{"class":65},[55,83078,83079],{"class":318},"highest_score",[55,83081,322],{"class":65},[14,83083,281],{},[46,83085,83087],{"className":48,"code":83086,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"91\n",[18,83088,83089],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,83090,83091],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,83092,83086],{"class":75},[14,83094,83095],{},"This works well for:",[240,83097,83098,83101,83104,83107],{},[243,83099,83100],{},"Scores",[243,83102,83103],{},"Prices",[243,83105,83106],{},"Ages",[243,83108,83109],{},"Counts",[14,83111,52149],{},[46,83113,83115],{"className":48,"code":83114,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"prices = [19.99, 5.50, 12.75, 29.00]\nprint(max(prices))\n",[18,83116,83117,83145],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,83118,83119,83122,83124,83126,83128,83130,83133,83135,83138,83140,83143],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,83120,83121],{"class":902},"prices ",[55,83123,906],{"class":703},[55,83125,909],{"class":65},[55,83127,40462],{"class":75},[55,83129,163],{"class":65},[55,83131,83132],{"class":75}," 5.50",[55,83134,163],{"class":65},[55,83136,83137],{"class":75}," 12.75",[55,83139,163],{"class":65},[55,83141,83142],{"class":75}," 29.00",[55,83144,924],{"class":65},[55,83146,83147,83149,83151,83153,83155,83158],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,83148,62],{"class":61},[55,83150,66],{"class":65},[55,83152,82713],{"class":61},[55,83154,66],{"class":65},[55,83156,83157],{"class":318},"prices",[55,83159,79],{"class":65},[14,83161,281],{},[46,83163,83165],{"className":48,"code":83164,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"29.0\n",[18,83166,83167],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,83168,83169],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,83170,83164],{"class":75},[14,83172,83173,83174,83176,83177,29],{},"If you only need the largest value, ",[18,83175,82654],{}," is simpler than ",[294,83178,83179],{"href":74594},[18,83180,74497],{},[41,83182,1556,83184,83186],{"id":83183},"using-max-with-separate-values",[18,83185,82654],{}," with separate values",[14,83188,83189],{},"You do not always need a list. You can pass values directly.",[46,83191,83193],{"className":48,"code":83192,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(max(4, 12, 7))\n",[18,83194,83195],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,83196,83197,83199,83201,83203,83205,83207,83209,83211,83213,83215],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,83198,62],{"class":61},[55,83200,66],{"class":65},[55,83202,82713],{"class":61},[55,83204,66],{"class":65},[55,83206,2807],{"class":75},[55,83208,163],{"class":65},[55,83210,30999],{"class":75},[55,83212,163],{"class":65},[55,83214,6272],{"class":75},[55,83216,79],{"class":65},[14,83218,281],{},[46,83220,83221],{"className":48,"code":2529,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,83222,83223],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,83224,83225],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,83226,2529],{"class":75},[14,83228,83229],{},"This is useful for quick comparisons.",[14,83231,83232],{},"For example, comparing three numbers entered by a user:",[46,83234,83236],{"className":48,"code":83235,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = 15\nb = 42\nc = 27\n\nlargest = max(a, b, c)\nprint(largest)\n",[18,83237,83238,83247,83255,83265,83269,83292],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,83239,83240,83242,83244],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,83241,2857],{"class":902},[55,83243,906],{"class":703},[55,83245,83246],{"class":75}," 15\n",[55,83248,83249,83251,83253],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,83250,2885],{"class":902},[55,83252,906],{"class":703},[55,83254,3072],{"class":75},[55,83256,83257,83260,83262],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,83258,83259],{"class":902},"c ",[55,83261,906],{"class":703},[55,83263,83264],{"class":75}," 27\n",[55,83266,83267],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,83268,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,83270,83271,83274,83276,83278,83280,83282,83284,83286,83288,83290],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,83272,83273],{"class":902},"largest ",[55,83275,906],{"class":703},[55,83277,83060],{"class":61},[55,83279,66],{"class":65},[55,83281,294],{"class":318},[55,83283,163],{"class":65},[55,83285,2862],{"class":318},[55,83287,163],{"class":65},[55,83289,9719],{"class":318},[55,83291,322],{"class":65},[55,83293,83294,83296,83298,83301],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,83295,62],{"class":61},[55,83297,66],{"class":65},[55,83299,83300],{"class":318},"largest",[55,83302,322],{"class":65},[14,83304,281],{},[46,83306,83307],{"className":48,"code":46679,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,83308,83309],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,83310,83311],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,83312,46679],{"class":75},[14,83314,83315],{},"Use this form when you already have separate values and do not need to store them in a list first.",[41,83317,1556,83319,47126],{"id":83318},"using-max-with-strings",[18,83320,82654],{},[14,83322,83323,83325],{},[18,83324,82654],{}," can compare strings too.",[46,83327,83329],{"className":48,"code":83328,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[18,83330,83331,83363],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,83332,83333,83335,83337,83339,83341,83343,83345,83347,83349,83351,83353,83355,83357,83359,83361],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,83334,4355],{"class":902},[55,83336,906],{"class":703},[55,83338,909],{"class":65},[55,83340,126],{"class":109},[55,83342,4364],{"class":129},[55,83344,126],{"class":109},[55,83346,163],{"class":65},[55,83348,793],{"class":109},[55,83350,4373],{"class":129},[55,83352,126],{"class":109},[55,83354,163],{"class":65},[55,83356,793],{"class":109},[55,83358,78817],{"class":129},[55,83360,126],{"class":109},[55,83362,924],{"class":65},[55,83364,83365,83367,83369,83371,83373,83375],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,83366,62],{"class":61},[55,83368,66],{"class":65},[55,83370,82713],{"class":61},[55,83372,66],{"class":65},[55,83374,4399],{"class":318},[55,83376,79],{"class":65},[14,83378,281],{},[46,83380,83381],{"className":48,"code":82819,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,83382,83383],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,83384,83385],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,83386,82819],{"class":902},[14,83388,83389],{},"This happens because strings are compared alphabetically.",[14,83391,68356],{},[240,83393,83394,83403,83406],{},[243,83395,83396,83399,83400,83402],{},[18,83397,83398],{},"\"pear\""," comes after ",[18,83401,65347],{}," alphabetically",[243,83404,83405],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters can change the result",[243,83407,83408],{},"Mixed text case can surprise beginners",[14,83410,358],{},[46,83412,83414],{"className":48,"code":83413,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[18,83415,83416,83449],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,83417,83418,83420,83422,83424,83426,83428,83430,83432,83434,83437,83439,83441,83443,83445,83447],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,83419,4355],{"class":902},[55,83421,906],{"class":703},[55,83423,909],{"class":65},[55,83425,126],{"class":109},[55,83427,4364],{"class":129},[55,83429,126],{"class":109},[55,83431,163],{"class":65},[55,83433,793],{"class":109},[55,83435,83436],{"class":129},"Banana",[55,83438,126],{"class":109},[55,83440,163],{"class":65},[55,83442,793],{"class":109},[55,83444,78817],{"class":129},[55,83446,126],{"class":109},[55,83448,924],{"class":65},[55,83450,83451,83453,83455,83457,83459,83461],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,83452,62],{"class":61},[55,83454,66],{"class":65},[55,83456,82713],{"class":61},[55,83458,66],{"class":65},[55,83460,4399],{"class":318},[55,83462,79],{"class":65},[14,83464,83465],{},"The result may not be what you expect because uppercase letters are compared differently from lowercase letters.",[14,83467,83468,83469,83471],{},"You can fix that with the ",[18,83470,14888],{}," argument, which is explained below.",[41,83473,36674,83474,36677],{"id":78775},[18,83475,14888],{},[14,83477,16,83478,83480],{},[18,83479,14888],{}," argument lets you control how items are compared.",[14,83482,83483],{},"This is very useful when the “largest” item is not simply the normal largest value.",[889,83485,83487],{"id":83486},"find-the-longest-word","Find the longest word",[46,83489,83491],{"className":48,"code":83490,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(max(words, key=len))\n",[18,83492,83493,83525],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,83494,83495,83497,83499,83501,83503,83505,83507,83509,83511,83513,83515,83517,83519,83521,83523],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,83496,4355],{"class":902},[55,83498,906],{"class":703},[55,83500,909],{"class":65},[55,83502,126],{"class":109},[55,83504,37109],{"class":129},[55,83506,126],{"class":109},[55,83508,163],{"class":65},[55,83510,793],{"class":109},[55,83512,68399],{"class":129},[55,83514,126],{"class":109},[55,83516,163],{"class":65},[55,83518,793],{"class":109},[55,83520,58198],{"class":129},[55,83522,126],{"class":109},[55,83524,924],{"class":65},[55,83526,83527,83529,83531,83533,83535,83537,83539,83541,83543,83545],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,83528,62],{"class":61},[55,83530,66],{"class":65},[55,83532,82713],{"class":61},[55,83534,66],{"class":65},[55,83536,4399],{"class":318},[55,83538,163],{"class":65},[55,83540,21631],{"class":9212},[55,83542,906],{"class":703},[55,83544,11202],{"class":61},[55,83546,79],{"class":65},[14,83548,281],{},[46,83550,83552],{"className":48,"code":83551,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"elephant\n",[18,83553,83554],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,83555,83556],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,83557,83551],{"class":902},[14,83559,20822,83560,83563],{},[18,83561,83562],{},"key=len"," tells Python to compare the lengths of the strings instead of the strings themselves.",[14,83565,83566,83567,33686,83569,29],{},"If you are new to ",[18,83568,42426],{},[294,83570,83571,6061],{"href":42423},[18,83572,42426],{},[889,83574,83576],{"id":83575},"compare-strings-without-caring-about-uppercase-or-lowercase","Compare strings without caring about uppercase or lowercase",[46,83578,83580],{"className":48,"code":83579,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words, key=str.lower))\n",[18,83581,83582,83614],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,83583,83584,83586,83588,83590,83592,83594,83596,83598,83600,83602,83604,83606,83608,83610,83612],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,83585,4355],{"class":902},[55,83587,906],{"class":703},[55,83589,909],{"class":65},[55,83591,126],{"class":109},[55,83593,4364],{"class":129},[55,83595,126],{"class":109},[55,83597,163],{"class":65},[55,83599,793],{"class":109},[55,83601,83436],{"class":129},[55,83603,126],{"class":109},[55,83605,163],{"class":65},[55,83607,793],{"class":109},[55,83609,78817],{"class":129},[55,83611,126],{"class":109},[55,83613,924],{"class":65},[55,83615,83616,83618,83620,83622,83624,83626,83628,83630,83632,83634,83636,83638],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,83617,62],{"class":61},[55,83619,66],{"class":65},[55,83621,82713],{"class":61},[55,83623,66],{"class":65},[55,83625,4399],{"class":318},[55,83627,163],{"class":65},[55,83629,21631],{"class":9212},[55,83631,906],{"class":703},[55,83633,3738],{"class":69},[55,83635,29],{"class":65},[55,83637,1786],{"class":24803},[55,83639,79],{"class":65},[14,83641,281],{},[46,83643,83644],{"className":48,"code":82819,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,83645,83646],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,83647,83648],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,83649,82819],{"class":902},[14,83651,20822,83652,83654],{},[18,83653,78771],{}," converts each string to lowercase for comparison.",[889,83656,83658],{"id":83657},"use-a-lambda-function","Use a lambda function",[14,83660,83661,83662,790],{},"You can also use a small custom function with ",[18,83663,37722],{},[46,83665,83667],{"className":48,"code":83666,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [\"a\", \"bb\", \"cccc\", \"ddd\"]\nprint(max(items, key=lambda text: len(text)))\n",[18,83668,83669,83712],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,83670,83671,83673,83675,83677,83679,83681,83683,83685,83687,83690,83692,83694,83696,83699,83701,83703,83705,83708,83710],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,83672,903],{"class":902},[55,83674,906],{"class":703},[55,83676,909],{"class":65},[55,83678,126],{"class":109},[55,83680,294],{"class":129},[55,83682,126],{"class":109},[55,83684,163],{"class":65},[55,83686,793],{"class":109},[55,83688,83689],{"class":129},"bb",[55,83691,126],{"class":109},[55,83693,163],{"class":65},[55,83695,793],{"class":109},[55,83697,83698],{"class":129},"cccc",[55,83700,126],{"class":109},[55,83702,163],{"class":65},[55,83704,793],{"class":109},[55,83706,83707],{"class":129},"ddd",[55,83709,126],{"class":109},[55,83711,924],{"class":65},[55,83713,83714,83716,83718,83720,83722,83724,83726,83728,83730,83732,83734,83736,83738,83740,83742],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,83715,62],{"class":61},[55,83717,66],{"class":65},[55,83719,82713],{"class":61},[55,83721,66],{"class":65},[55,83723,937],{"class":318},[55,83725,163],{"class":65},[55,83727,21631],{"class":9212},[55,83729,906],{"class":703},[55,83731,37722],{"class":1914},[55,83733,42907],{"class":37725},[55,83735,790],{"class":65},[55,83737,38449],{"class":61},[55,83739,66],{"class":65},[55,83741,34767],{"class":318},[55,83743,769],{"class":65},[14,83745,281],{},[46,83747,83749],{"className":48,"code":83748,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"cccc\n",[18,83750,83751],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,83752,83753],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,83754,83748],{"class":902},[14,83756,49618,83757,4679,83759,83761],{},[18,83758,83562],{},[18,83760,78658],{}," are the most useful examples to remember.",[41,83763,36674,83765,36677],{"id":83764},"using-the-default-argument",[18,83766,83009],{},[14,83768,16,83769,83771],{},[18,83770,83009],{}," argument only works with the iterable form.",[14,83773,83774],{},"It prevents an error when the iterable is empty.",[46,83776,83778],{"className":48,"code":83777,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=0))\n",[18,83779,83780,83788],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,83781,83782,83784,83786],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,83783,1168],{"class":902},[55,83785,906],{"class":703},[55,83787,966],{"class":65},[55,83789,83790,83792,83794,83796,83798,83800,83802,83804,83806,83808],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,83791,62],{"class":61},[55,83793,66],{"class":65},[55,83795,82713],{"class":61},[55,83797,66],{"class":65},[55,83799,332],{"class":318},[55,83801,163],{"class":65},[55,83803,26577],{"class":9212},[55,83805,906],{"class":703},[55,83807,76],{"class":75},[55,83809,79],{"class":65},[14,83811,281],{},[46,83813,83814],{"className":48,"code":47319,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,83815,83816],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,83817,83818],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,83819,47319],{"class":75},[14,83821,83822],{},"This is helpful when a list may have no items.",[14,83824,83825,83826,83828],{},"Without ",[18,83827,83009],{},", this would raise an error.",[14,83830,52149],{},[46,83832,83834],{"className":48,"code":83833,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = []\nresult = max(words, default=\"no words found\")\nprint(result)\n",[18,83835,83836,83844,83871],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,83837,83838,83840,83842],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,83839,4355],{"class":902},[55,83841,906],{"class":703},[55,83843,966],{"class":65},[55,83845,83846,83848,83850,83852,83854,83856,83858,83860,83862,83864,83867,83869],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,83847,2534],{"class":902},[55,83849,906],{"class":703},[55,83851,83060],{"class":61},[55,83853,66],{"class":65},[55,83855,4399],{"class":318},[55,83857,163],{"class":65},[55,83859,26577],{"class":9212},[55,83861,906],{"class":703},[55,83863,126],{"class":109},[55,83865,83866],{"class":129},"no words found",[55,83868,126],{"class":109},[55,83870,322],{"class":65},[55,83872,83873,83875,83877,83879],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,83874,62],{"class":61},[55,83876,66],{"class":65},[55,83878,2569],{"class":318},[55,83880,322],{"class":65},[14,83882,281],{},[46,83884,83886],{"className":48,"code":83885,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"no words found\n",[18,83887,83888],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,83889,83890],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,83891,83885],{"class":902},[14,83893,83894],{},"Important:",[240,83896,83897,83905],{},[243,83898,83899,83901,83902],{},[18,83900,83009],{}," works with ",[18,83903,83904],{},"max(iterable, default=value)",[243,83906,40970,83907,83909,83910],{},[435,83908,4916],{}," work with multiple separate arguments like ",[18,83911,83912],{},"max(1, 2, 3, default=0)",[41,83914,48054],{"id":48053},[14,83916,83917,83918,29],{},"There are a few common errors when using ",[18,83919,82654],{},[889,83921,83923,83925],{"id":83922},"valueerror-with-an-empty-iterable",[18,83924,40768],{}," with an empty iterable",[14,83927,83928,83929,45975,83931,29],{},"If the iterable is empty and you do not provide ",[18,83930,83009],{},[18,83932,40768],{},[46,83934,83936],{"className":48,"code":83935,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers))\n",[18,83937,83938,83946],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,83939,83940,83942,83944],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,83941,1168],{"class":902},[55,83943,906],{"class":703},[55,83945,966],{"class":65},[55,83947,83948,83950,83952,83954,83956,83958],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,83949,62],{"class":61},[55,83951,66],{"class":65},[55,83953,82713],{"class":61},[55,83955,66],{"class":65},[55,83957,332],{"class":318},[55,83959,79],{"class":65},[14,83961,29736],{},[46,83963,83965],{"className":48,"code":83964,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"ValueError: max() arg is an empty sequence\n",[18,83966,83967],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,83968,83969,83971,83973,83975,83977,83980,83982],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,83970,40768],{"class":69},[55,83972,790],{"class":65},[55,83974,83060],{"class":61},[55,83976,466],{"class":65},[55,83978,83979],{"class":902}," arg ",[55,83981,12237],{"class":703},[55,83983,83984],{"class":902}," an empty sequence\n",[14,83986,83987,83988,790],{},"Fix it by using ",[18,83989,83009],{},[46,83991,83993],{"className":48,"code":83992,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=None))\n",[18,83994,83995,84003],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,83996,83997,83999,84001],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,83998,1168],{"class":902},[55,84000,906],{"class":703},[55,84002,966],{"class":65},[55,84004,84005,84007,84009,84011,84013,84015,84017,84019,84021,84023],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,84006,62],{"class":61},[55,84008,66],{"class":65},[55,84010,82713],{"class":61},[55,84012,66],{"class":65},[55,84014,332],{"class":318},[55,84016,163],{"class":65},[55,84018,26577],{"class":9212},[55,84020,906],{"class":703},[55,84022,481],{"class":187},[55,84024,79],{"class":65},[14,84026,84027,84028,29],{},"If you need more help with this kind of problem, see ",[294,84029,65912],{"href":72951},[889,84031,84033,84035],{"id":84032},"typeerror-when-items-cannot-be-compared",[18,84034,3303],{}," when items cannot be compared",[14,84037,84038,84039,29],{},"If Python cannot compare the items, you get a ",[18,84040,3303],{},[46,84042,84044],{"className":48,"code":84043,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [10, \"20\", 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[18,84045,84046,84070],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,84047,84048,84050,84052,84054,84056,84058,84060,84062,84064,84066,84068],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,84049,903],{"class":902},[55,84051,906],{"class":703},[55,84053,909],{"class":65},[55,84055,376],{"class":75},[55,84057,163],{"class":65},[55,84059,793],{"class":109},[55,84061,15802],{"class":129},[55,84063,126],{"class":109},[55,84065,163],{"class":65},[55,84067,921],{"class":75},[55,84069,924],{"class":65},[55,84071,84072,84074,84076,84078,84080,84082],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,84073,62],{"class":61},[55,84075,66],{"class":65},[55,84077,82713],{"class":61},[55,84079,66],{"class":65},[55,84081,937],{"class":318},[55,84083,79],{"class":65},[14,84085,84086],{},"This fails because integers and strings are different types and cannot be compared normally.",[14,84088,84089],{},"Fix it by making the items the same type:",[46,84091,84093],{"className":48,"code":84092,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[18,84094,84095,84115],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,84096,84097,84099,84101,84103,84105,84107,84109,84111,84113],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,84098,903],{"class":902},[55,84100,906],{"class":703},[55,84102,909],{"class":65},[55,84104,376],{"class":75},[55,84106,163],{"class":65},[55,84108,916],{"class":75},[55,84110,163],{"class":65},[55,84112,921],{"class":75},[55,84114,924],{"class":65},[55,84116,84117,84119,84121,84123,84125,84127],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,84118,62],{"class":61},[55,84120,66],{"class":65},[55,84122,82713],{"class":61},[55,84124,66],{"class":65},[55,84126,937],{"class":318},[55,84128,79],{"class":65},[14,84130,84131,84132,29],{},"If you are debugging this kind of issue, see ",[294,84133,84135],{"href":84134},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained","TypeError in Python: causes and fixes",[889,84137,84139,84141],{"id":84138},"typeerror-when-called-with-no-arguments",[18,84140,3303],{}," when called with no arguments",[14,84143,84144,84146],{},[18,84145,82654],{}," needs at least one iterable or at least two values.",[46,84148,84150],{"className":48,"code":84149,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(max())\n",[18,84151,84152],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,84153,84154,84156,84158,84160],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,84155,62],{"class":61},[55,84157,66],{"class":65},[55,84159,82713],{"class":61},[55,84161,278],{"class":65},[14,84163,3300,84164,29],{},[18,84165,3303],{},[41,84167,84169,10624,84171],{"id":84168},"max-vs-sorted",[18,84170,82654],{},[18,84172,74497],{},[14,84174,84175],{},"These two functions are related, but they do different things.",[14,84177,84178,790],{},[18,84179,82654],{},[240,84181,84182],{},[243,84183,84184],{},"Returns one largest item",[14,84186,84187,790],{},[18,84188,74497],{},[240,84190,84191],{},[243,84192,84193],{},"Returns a new sorted list of all items",[14,84195,358],{},[46,84197,84199],{"className":48,"code":84198,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\n\nprint(max(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[18,84200,84201,84225,84229,84243],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,84202,84203,84205,84207,84209,84211,84213,84215,84217,84219,84221,84223],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,84204,1168],{"class":902},[55,84206,906],{"class":703},[55,84208,909],{"class":65},[55,84210,2366],{"class":75},[55,84212,163],{"class":65},[55,84214,6636],{"class":75},[55,84216,163],{"class":65},[55,84218,166],{"class":75},[55,84220,163],{"class":65},[55,84222,4890],{"class":75},[55,84224,924],{"class":65},[55,84226,84227],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,84228,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,84230,84231,84233,84235,84237,84239,84241],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,84232,62],{"class":61},[55,84234,66],{"class":65},[55,84236,82713],{"class":61},[55,84238,66],{"class":65},[55,84240,332],{"class":318},[55,84242,79],{"class":65},[55,84244,84245,84247,84249,84251,84253,84255],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,84246,62],{"class":61},[55,84248,66],{"class":65},[55,84250,74587],{"class":61},[55,84252,66],{"class":65},[55,84254,332],{"class":318},[55,84256,79],{"class":65},[14,84258,281],{},[46,84260,84262],{"className":48,"code":84261,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"8\n[2, 3, 5, 8]\n",[18,84263,84264,84268],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,84265,84266],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,84267,2685],{"class":75},[55,84269,84270,84272,84274,84276,84278,84280,84282,84284,84286],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,84271,4186],{"class":65},[55,84273,707],{"class":75},[55,84275,163],{"class":65},[55,84277,171],{"class":75},[55,84279,163],{"class":65},[55,84281,4890],{"class":75},[55,84283,163],{"class":65},[55,84285,6636],{"class":75},[55,84287,924],{"class":65},[14,84289,212,84290,84292],{},[18,84291,82654],{}," when you only need the largest value.",[14,84294,212,84295,84299],{},[294,84296,84297],{"href":74594},[18,84298,74497],{}," when you need all items in order.",[14,84301,84302,84303,29],{},"If you want the smallest item instead, compare this with ",[294,84304,84306],{"href":84305},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained\u002F",[18,84307,84308],{},"min()",[41,84310,1586],{"id":1585},[14,84312,84313],{},"Beginners often run into these problems:",[240,84315,84316,84323,84326,84331,84334],{},[243,84317,29705,84318,84320,84321],{},[18,84319,82654],{}," on an empty list without ",[18,84322,83009],{},[243,84324,84325],{},"Mixing incompatible types like integers and strings",[243,84327,1595,84328,84330],{},[18,84329,82654],{}," to return all large items instead of one item",[243,84332,84333],{},"Forgetting that strings are compared alphabetically",[243,84335,1556,84336,84338],{},[18,84337,83009],{}," with multiple separate arguments",[14,84340,11153],{},[46,84342,84344],{"className":48,"code":84343,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(items)\nprint(type(items))\nprint(len(items))\nprint(max(items))\nprint(max(items, default=None))\nprint([type(x) for x in items])\n",[18,84345,84346,84356,84370,84384,84398,84420],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,84347,84348,84350,84352,84354],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,84349,62],{"class":61},[55,84351,66],{"class":65},[55,84353,937],{"class":318},[55,84355,322],{"class":65},[55,84357,84358,84360,84362,84364,84366,84368],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,84359,62],{"class":61},[55,84361,66],{"class":65},[55,84363,1879],{"class":69},[55,84365,66],{"class":65},[55,84367,937],{"class":318},[55,84369,79],{"class":65},[55,84371,84372,84374,84376,84378,84380,84382],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,84373,62],{"class":61},[55,84375,66],{"class":65},[55,84377,11202],{"class":61},[55,84379,66],{"class":65},[55,84381,937],{"class":318},[55,84383,79],{"class":65},[55,84385,84386,84388,84390,84392,84394,84396],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,84387,62],{"class":61},[55,84389,66],{"class":65},[55,84391,82713],{"class":61},[55,84393,66],{"class":65},[55,84395,937],{"class":318},[55,84397,79],{"class":65},[55,84399,84400,84402,84404,84406,84408,84410,84412,84414,84416,84418],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,84401,62],{"class":61},[55,84403,66],{"class":65},[55,84405,82713],{"class":61},[55,84407,66],{"class":65},[55,84409,937],{"class":318},[55,84411,163],{"class":65},[55,84413,26577],{"class":9212},[55,84415,906],{"class":703},[55,84417,481],{"class":187},[55,84419,79],{"class":65},[55,84421,84422,84424,84426,84428,84430,84432,84434,84436,84438,84440,84442],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,84423,62],{"class":61},[55,84425,158],{"class":65},[55,84427,1879],{"class":69},[55,84429,66],{"class":65},[55,84431,2477],{"class":318},[55,84433,3953],{"class":65},[55,84435,4162],{"class":1193},[55,84437,4165],{"class":318},[55,84439,4168],{"class":1193},[55,84441,6244],{"class":318},[55,84443,4174],{"class":65},[14,84445,84446],{},"These are useful for checking:",[240,84448,84449,84454,84459,84462],{},[243,84450,84451,84452],{},"What is actually inside ",[18,84453,937],{},[243,84455,79824,84456,84458],{},[18,84457,937],{}," is a list or some other type",[243,84460,84461],{},"Whether the iterable is empty",[243,84463,84464],{},"Whether all items have compatible types",[14,84466,69420,84467,84470,84471,84473],{},[18,84468,84469],{},"print(max(items))"," if ",[18,84472,937],{}," might be empty or contain mixed types, because that line can also raise an error.",[41,84475,2139],{"id":2138},[889,84477,5429,84479,5432],{"id":84478},"what-does-max-return-in-python",[18,84480,82654],{},[14,84482,84483],{},"It returns the largest item from an iterable or the largest of two or more values.",[889,84485,5456,84487,84489],{"id":84486},"can-max-work-with-strings",[18,84488,82654],{}," work with strings?",[14,84491,84492],{},"Yes. It compares strings using alphabetical order, based on character values.",[889,84494,71719],{"id":71718},[14,84496,84497,52564,84499,84501,84502,84504],{},[18,84498,82654],{},[18,84500,40768],{}," unless you use the ",[18,84503,83009],{}," argument with the iterable form.",[889,84506,84508,84509,2794],{"id":84507},"how-do-i-get-the-longest-string-with-max","How do I get the longest string with ",[18,84510,82654],{},[14,84512,212,84513,790],{},[18,84514,83562],{},[46,84516,84517],{"className":48,"code":83490,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,84518,84519,84551],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,84520,84521,84523,84525,84527,84529,84531,84533,84535,84537,84539,84541,84543,84545,84547,84549],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,84522,4355],{"class":902},[55,84524,906],{"class":703},[55,84526,909],{"class":65},[55,84528,126],{"class":109},[55,84530,37109],{"class":129},[55,84532,126],{"class":109},[55,84534,163],{"class":65},[55,84536,793],{"class":109},[55,84538,68399],{"class":129},[55,84540,126],{"class":109},[55,84542,163],{"class":65},[55,84544,793],{"class":109},[55,84546,58198],{"class":129},[55,84548,126],{"class":109},[55,84550,924],{"class":65},[55,84552,84553,84555,84557,84559,84561,84563,84565,84567,84569,84571],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,84554,62],{"class":61},[55,84556,66],{"class":65},[55,84558,82713],{"class":61},[55,84560,66],{"class":65},[55,84562,4399],{"class":318},[55,84564,163],{"class":65},[55,84566,21631],{"class":9212},[55,84568,906],{"class":703},[55,84570,11202],{"class":61},[55,84572,79],{"class":65},[889,84574,5466,84576,4679,84578,2794],{"id":84575},"what-is-the-difference-between-max-and-sorted",[18,84577,82654],{},[18,84579,74497],{},[14,84581,84582,84584,84585,84587],{},[18,84583,82654],{}," returns one largest item. ",[18,84586,74497],{}," returns all items in order.",[41,84589,2193],{"id":2192},[240,84591,84592,84598,84604,84610,84614,84618],{},[243,84593,84594],{},[294,84595,84596,3804],{"href":84305},[18,84597,84308],{},[243,84599,84600],{},[294,84601,84602,3804],{"href":74594},[18,84603,74497],{},[243,84605,84606],{},[294,84607,84608,3804],{"href":42423},[18,84609,42426],{},[243,84611,84612],{},[294,84613,59027],{"href":59026},[243,84615,84616],{},[294,84617,65912],{"href":72951},[243,84619,84620],{},[294,84621,84135],{"href":84134},[2226,84623,84624],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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.s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":84626},[84627,84628,84630,84631,84633,84635,84637,84642,84644,84652,84654,84655,84666],{"id":2307,"depth":82,"text":2308},{"id":82844,"depth":82,"text":84629},"What max() does",{"id":2459,"depth":82,"text":2460},{"id":83013,"depth":82,"text":84632},"Using max() with a list of numbers",{"id":83183,"depth":82,"text":84634},"Using max() with separate values",{"id":83318,"depth":82,"text":84636},"Using max() with strings",{"id":78775,"depth":82,"text":79973,"children":84638},[84639,84640,84641],{"id":83486,"depth":98,"text":83487},{"id":83575,"depth":98,"text":83576},{"id":83657,"depth":98,"text":83658},{"id":83764,"depth":82,"text":84643},"Using the default argument",{"id":48053,"depth":82,"text":48054,"children":84645},[84646,84648,84650],{"id":83922,"depth":98,"text":84647},"ValueError with an empty iterable",{"id":84032,"depth":98,"text":84649},"TypeError when items cannot be compared",{"id":84138,"depth":98,"text":84651},"TypeError when called with no arguments",{"id":84168,"depth":82,"text":84653},"max() vs sorted()",{"id":1585,"depth":82,"text":1586},{"id":2138,"depth":82,"text":2139,"children":84656},[84657,84659,84661,84662,84664],{"id":84478,"depth":98,"text":84658},"What does max() return in Python?",{"id":84486,"depth":98,"text":84660},"Can max() work with strings?",{"id":71718,"depth":98,"text":71719},{"id":84507,"depth":98,"text":84663},"How do I get the longest string with max()?",{"id":84575,"depth":98,"text":84665},"What is the difference between max() and sorted()?",{"id":2192,"depth":82,"text":2193},"Master python max function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained",{"title":82646,"description":84667},"reference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained","hvpxLEK57awlwmwmUnkeI93490TdK4SLeAU63KWEzvc",{"id":84674,"title":84675,"body":84676,"description":86630,"extension":2267,"meta":86631,"navigation":1121,"path":86632,"seo":86633,"stem":86634,"__hash__":86635},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained.md","Python min() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":84677,"toc":86587},[84678,84683,84688,84694,84696,84770,84772,84785,84790,84795,84811,84815,84820,84896,84902,84905,84948,84950,84958,84964,84967,84998,85000,85008,85014,85019,85078,85080,85089,85092,85102,85108,85113,85148,85150,85158,85164,85170,85175,85219,85221,85230,85233,85273,85275,85284,85287,85299,85304,85309,85360,85362,85371,85374,85425,85427,85436,85439,85446,85452,85457,85459,85474,85478,85538,85540,85549,85553,85725,85727,85764,85771,85777,85780,85807,85809,85830,85835,85870,85872,85880,85883,85886,85902,85907,85909,85913,85919,85923,85950,85953,85963,86003,86007,86010,86053,86055,86064,86067,86072,86141,86143,86151,86156,86160,86163,86214,86216,86224,86227,86290,86292,86300,86303,86308,86312,86325,86332,86340,86342,86344,86374,86380,86481,86491,86493,86498,86501,86506,86509,86511,86519,86527,86535,86542,86550,86552,86584],[10,84679,3871,84681,3875],{"id":84680},"python-min-function-explained",[18,84682,84308],{},[14,84684,84685,84687],{},[18,84686,84308],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns the smallest item. You can use it with a single iterable, like a list or tuple, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[14,84689,84690,84691,84693],{},"This page explains what ",[18,84692,84308],{}," does, its main syntax forms, and the common mistakes beginners make when using it.",[41,84695,2308],{"id":2307},[46,84697,84699],{"className":48,"code":84698,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n\nprint(min(5, 2, 9, 1))\n",[18,84700,84701,84725,84740,84744],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,84702,84703,84705,84707,84709,84711,84713,84715,84717,84719,84721,84723],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,84704,1168],{"class":902},[55,84706,906],{"class":703},[55,84708,909],{"class":65},[55,84710,688],{"class":75},[55,84712,163],{"class":65},[55,84714,166],{"class":75},[55,84716,163],{"class":65},[55,84718,54206],{"class":75},[55,84720,163],{"class":65},[55,84722,5782],{"class":75},[55,84724,924],{"class":65},[55,84726,84727,84729,84731,84734,84736,84738],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,84728,62],{"class":61},[55,84730,66],{"class":65},[55,84732,84733],{"class":61},"min",[55,84735,66],{"class":65},[55,84737,332],{"class":318},[55,84739,79],{"class":65},[55,84741,84742],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,84743,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,84745,84746,84748,84750,84752,84754,84756,84758,84760,84762,84764,84766,84768],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,84747,62],{"class":61},[55,84749,66],{"class":65},[55,84751,84733],{"class":61},[55,84753,66],{"class":65},[55,84755,688],{"class":75},[55,84757,163],{"class":65},[55,84759,166],{"class":75},[55,84761,163],{"class":65},[55,84763,54206],{"class":75},[55,84765,163],{"class":65},[55,84767,5782],{"class":75},[55,84769,79],{"class":65},[14,84771,281],{},[46,84773,84775],{"className":48,"code":84774,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"1\n1\n",[18,84776,84777,84781],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,84778,84779],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,84780,46984],{"class":75},[55,84782,84783],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,84784,46984],{"class":75},[14,84786,212,84787,84789],{},[18,84788,84308],{}," with one iterable like a list, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[41,84791,3970,84793,3973],{"id":84792},"what-min-does",[18,84794,84308],{},[240,84796,84797,84802,84805,84808],{},[243,84798,84799,84801],{},[18,84800,84308],{}," returns the smallest item",[243,84803,84804],{},"It can compare numbers, strings, and other comparable values",[243,84806,84807],{},"It is a built-in Python function",[243,84809,84810],{},"This page explains the function itself, not task-based use cases",[41,84812,84814],{"id":84813},"main-syntax-forms","Main syntax forms",[14,84816,84817,84818,790],{},"Here are the main ways to use ",[18,84819,84308],{},[46,84821,84823],{"className":48,"code":84822,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"min(iterable)\nmin(value1, value2, value3, ...)\nmin(iterable, key=...)\nmin(iterable, default=...)\n",[18,84824,84825,84835,84860,84878],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,84826,84827,84829,84831,84833],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,84828,84733],{"class":61},[55,84830,66],{"class":65},[55,84832,4014],{"class":318},[55,84834,322],{"class":65},[55,84836,84837,84839,84841,84844,84846,84849,84851,84854,84856,84858],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,84838,84733],{"class":61},[55,84840,66],{"class":65},[55,84842,84843],{"class":318},"value1",[55,84845,163],{"class":65},[55,84847,84848],{"class":318}," value2",[55,84850,163],{"class":65},[55,84852,84853],{"class":318}," value3",[55,84855,163],{"class":65},[55,84857,34512],{"class":61},[55,84859,322],{"class":65},[55,84861,84862,84864,84866,84868,84870,84872,84874,84876],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,84863,84733],{"class":61},[55,84865,66],{"class":65},[55,84867,4014],{"class":318},[55,84869,163],{"class":65},[55,84871,21631],{"class":9212},[55,84873,906],{"class":703},[55,84875,37433],{"class":61},[55,84877,322],{"class":65},[55,84879,84880,84882,84884,84886,84888,84890,84892,84894],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,84881,84733],{"class":61},[55,84883,66],{"class":65},[55,84885,4014],{"class":318},[55,84887,163],{"class":65},[55,84889,26577],{"class":9212},[55,84891,906],{"class":703},[55,84893,37433],{"class":61},[55,84895,322],{"class":65},[889,84897,84899],{"id":84898},"miniterable",[18,84900,84901],{},"min(iterable)",[14,84903,84904],{},"Use this form when you have one collection of values.",[46,84906,84908],{"className":48,"code":84907,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [8, 3, 12, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[18,84909,84910,84934],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,84911,84912,84914,84916,84918,84920,84922,84924,84926,84928,84930,84932],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,84913,1168],{"class":902},[55,84915,906],{"class":703},[55,84917,909],{"class":65},[55,84919,2649],{"class":75},[55,84921,163],{"class":65},[55,84923,171],{"class":75},[55,84925,163],{"class":65},[55,84927,30999],{"class":75},[55,84929,163],{"class":65},[55,84931,5782],{"class":75},[55,84933,924],{"class":65},[55,84935,84936,84938,84940,84942,84944,84946],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,84937,62],{"class":61},[55,84939,66],{"class":65},[55,84941,84733],{"class":61},[55,84943,66],{"class":65},[55,84945,332],{"class":318},[55,84947,79],{"class":65},[14,84949,281],{},[46,84951,84952],{"className":48,"code":46984,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,84953,84954],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,84955,84956],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,84957,46984],{"class":75},[889,84959,84961],{"id":84960},"minvalue1-value2-value3",[18,84962,84963],{},"min(value1, value2, value3, ...)",[14,84965,84966],{},"Use this form when you want to compare separate values directly.",[46,84968,84970],{"className":48,"code":84969,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(min(8, 3, 12, 1))\n",[18,84971,84972],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,84973,84974,84976,84978,84980,84982,84984,84986,84988,84990,84992,84994,84996],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,84975,62],{"class":61},[55,84977,66],{"class":65},[55,84979,84733],{"class":61},[55,84981,66],{"class":65},[55,84983,2649],{"class":75},[55,84985,163],{"class":65},[55,84987,171],{"class":75},[55,84989,163],{"class":65},[55,84991,30999],{"class":75},[55,84993,163],{"class":65},[55,84995,5782],{"class":75},[55,84997,79],{"class":65},[14,84999,281],{},[46,85001,85002],{"className":48,"code":46984,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,85003,85004],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,85005,85006],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,85007,46984],{"class":75},[889,85009,85011],{"id":85010},"miniterable-key",[18,85012,85013],{},"min(iterable, key=...)",[14,85015,212,85016,85018],{},[18,85017,14888],{}," when you want Python to compare items using a custom rule.",[46,85020,85022],{"className":48,"code":85021,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"pear\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[18,85023,85024,85056],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,85025,85026,85028,85030,85032,85034,85036,85038,85040,85042,85044,85046,85048,85050,85052,85054],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,85027,4355],{"class":902},[55,85029,906],{"class":703},[55,85031,909],{"class":65},[55,85033,126],{"class":109},[55,85035,78817],{"class":129},[55,85037,126],{"class":109},[55,85039,163],{"class":65},[55,85041,793],{"class":109},[55,85043,38404],{"class":129},[55,85045,126],{"class":109},[55,85047,163],{"class":65},[55,85049,793],{"class":109},[55,85051,4373],{"class":129},[55,85053,126],{"class":109},[55,85055,924],{"class":65},[55,85057,85058,85060,85062,85064,85066,85068,85070,85072,85074,85076],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,85059,62],{"class":61},[55,85061,66],{"class":65},[55,85063,84733],{"class":61},[55,85065,66],{"class":65},[55,85067,4399],{"class":318},[55,85069,163],{"class":65},[55,85071,21631],{"class":9212},[55,85073,906],{"class":703},[55,85075,11202],{"class":61},[55,85077,79],{"class":65},[14,85079,281],{},[46,85081,85083],{"className":48,"code":85082,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"kiwi\n",[18,85084,85085],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,85086,85087],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,85088,85082],{"class":902},[14,85090,85091],{},"Python compares the lengths of the strings, but it returns the original item, not the length.",[14,85093,85094,85095,85097,85098,29],{},"If you are not familiar with ",[18,85096,42426],{},", see the ",[294,85099,85100,3804],{"href":42423},[18,85101,42426],{},[889,85103,85105],{"id":85104},"miniterable-default",[18,85106,85107],{},"min(iterable, default=...)",[14,85109,212,85110,85112],{},[18,85111,83009],{}," when the iterable might be empty.",[46,85114,85116],{"className":48,"code":85115,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=0))\n",[18,85117,85118,85126],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,85119,85120,85122,85124],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,85121,1168],{"class":902},[55,85123,906],{"class":703},[55,85125,966],{"class":65},[55,85127,85128,85130,85132,85134,85136,85138,85140,85142,85144,85146],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,85129,62],{"class":61},[55,85131,66],{"class":65},[55,85133,84733],{"class":61},[55,85135,66],{"class":65},[55,85137,332],{"class":318},[55,85139,163],{"class":65},[55,85141,26577],{"class":9212},[55,85143,906],{"class":703},[55,85145,76],{"class":75},[55,85147,79],{"class":65},[14,85149,281],{},[46,85151,85152],{"className":48,"code":47319,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,85153,85154],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,85155,85156],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,85157,47319],{"class":75},[14,85159,85160,85161,85163],{},"This avoids a ",[18,85162,40768],{}," when there is no item to return.",[41,85165,1556,85167,85169],{"id":85166},"using-min-with-numbers",[18,85168,84308],{}," with numbers",[14,85171,85172,85174],{},[18,85173,84308],{}," works with integers and floats. It returns the lowest numeric value.",[46,85176,85178],{"className":48,"code":85177,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"scores = [88, 72, 95, 60]\nprint(min(scores))\n",[18,85179,85180,85205],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,85181,85182,85184,85186,85188,85190,85192,85195,85197,85199,85201,85203],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,85183,5350],{"class":902},[55,85185,906],{"class":703},[55,85187,909],{"class":65},[55,85189,51574],{"class":75},[55,85191,163],{"class":65},[55,85193,85194],{"class":75}," 72",[55,85196,163],{"class":65},[55,85198,28961],{"class":75},[55,85200,163],{"class":65},[55,85202,76173],{"class":75},[55,85204,924],{"class":65},[55,85206,85207,85209,85211,85213,85215,85217],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,85208,62],{"class":61},[55,85210,66],{"class":65},[55,85212,84733],{"class":61},[55,85214,66],{"class":65},[55,85216,16437],{"class":318},[55,85218,79],{"class":65},[14,85220,281],{},[46,85222,85224],{"className":48,"code":85223,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"60\n",[18,85225,85226],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,85227,85228],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,85229,85223],{"class":75},[14,85231,85232],{},"It also works with decimal values:",[46,85234,85236],{"className":48,"code":85235,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"prices = [19.99, 5.49, 12.75]\nprint(min(prices))\n",[18,85237,85238,85259],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,85239,85240,85242,85244,85246,85248,85250,85253,85255,85257],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,85241,83121],{"class":902},[55,85243,906],{"class":703},[55,85245,909],{"class":65},[55,85247,40462],{"class":75},[55,85249,163],{"class":65},[55,85251,85252],{"class":75}," 5.49",[55,85254,163],{"class":65},[55,85256,83137],{"class":75},[55,85258,924],{"class":65},[55,85260,85261,85263,85265,85267,85269,85271],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,85262,62],{"class":61},[55,85264,66],{"class":65},[55,85266,84733],{"class":61},[55,85268,66],{"class":65},[55,85270,83157],{"class":318},[55,85272,79],{"class":65},[14,85274,281],{},[46,85276,85278],{"className":48,"code":85277,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"5.49\n",[18,85279,85280],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,85281,85282],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,85283,85277],{"class":75},[14,85285,85286],{},"This is useful for things like:",[240,85288,85289,85291,85293,85296],{},[243,85290,16437],{},[243,85292,83157],{},[243,85294,85295],{},"measurements",[243,85297,85298],{},"ages",[41,85300,1556,85302,47126],{"id":85301},"using-min-with-strings",[18,85303,84308],{},[14,85305,85306,85308],{},[18,85307,84308],{}," can also compare strings. It uses character order, which is similar to alphabetical order.",[46,85310,85312],{"className":48,"code":85311,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[18,85313,85314,85346],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,85315,85316,85318,85320,85322,85324,85326,85328,85330,85332,85334,85336,85338,85340,85342,85344],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,85317,4355],{"class":902},[55,85319,906],{"class":703},[55,85321,909],{"class":65},[55,85323,126],{"class":109},[55,85325,4373],{"class":129},[55,85327,126],{"class":109},[55,85329,163],{"class":65},[55,85331,793],{"class":109},[55,85333,4364],{"class":129},[55,85335,126],{"class":109},[55,85337,163],{"class":65},[55,85339,793],{"class":109},[55,85341,4382],{"class":129},[55,85343,126],{"class":109},[55,85345,924],{"class":65},[55,85347,85348,85350,85352,85354,85356,85358],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,85349,62],{"class":61},[55,85351,66],{"class":65},[55,85353,84733],{"class":61},[55,85355,66],{"class":65},[55,85357,4399],{"class":318},[55,85359,79],{"class":65},[14,85361,281],{},[46,85363,85365],{"className":48,"code":85364,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"apple\n",[18,85366,85367],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,85368,85369],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,85370,85364],{"class":902},[14,85372,85373],{},"Be careful with uppercase and lowercase letters. They are not treated the same.",[46,85375,85377],{"className":48,"code":85376,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[18,85378,85379,85411],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,85380,85381,85383,85385,85387,85389,85391,85393,85395,85397,85399,85401,85403,85405,85407,85409],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,85382,4355],{"class":902},[55,85384,906],{"class":703},[55,85386,909],{"class":65},[55,85388,126],{"class":109},[55,85390,4373],{"class":129},[55,85392,126],{"class":109},[55,85394,163],{"class":65},[55,85396,793],{"class":109},[55,85398,57839],{"class":129},[55,85400,126],{"class":109},[55,85402,163],{"class":65},[55,85404,793],{"class":109},[55,85406,4382],{"class":129},[55,85408,126],{"class":109},[55,85410,924],{"class":65},[55,85412,85413,85415,85417,85419,85421,85423],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,85414,62],{"class":61},[55,85416,66],{"class":65},[55,85418,84733],{"class":61},[55,85420,66],{"class":65},[55,85422,4399],{"class":318},[55,85424,79],{"class":65},[14,85426,281],{},[46,85428,85430],{"className":48,"code":85429,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Apple\n",[18,85431,85432],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,85433,85434],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,85435,85429],{"class":902},[14,85437,85438],{},"This may look surprising at first. Python compares characters by their internal order, so mixed letter case can change the result.",[14,85440,85441,85442,29],{},"If you need all items in order instead of just the smallest one, see ",[294,85443,85444,6061],{"href":74594},[18,85445,74497],{},[41,85447,1556,85449,85451],{"id":85448},"using-min-with-a-key-function",[18,85450,84308],{}," with a key function",[14,85453,16,85454,85456],{},[18,85455,14888],{}," argument changes how items are compared.",[14,85458,11500],{},[240,85460,85461,85466,85471],{},[243,85462,85463,85465],{},[18,85464,14888],{}," changes the comparison rule",[243,85467,85468,85470],{},[18,85469,84308],{}," still returns the original item",[243,85472,85473],{},"This is useful for custom comparisons",[889,85475,85477],{"id":85476},"find-the-shortest-string","Find the shortest string",[46,85479,85481],{"className":48,"code":85480,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"elephant\", \"cat\", \"giraffe\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[18,85482,85483,85516],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,85484,85485,85487,85489,85491,85493,85495,85497,85499,85501,85503,85505,85507,85509,85512,85514],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,85486,4355],{"class":902},[55,85488,906],{"class":703},[55,85490,909],{"class":65},[55,85492,126],{"class":109},[55,85494,68399],{"class":129},[55,85496,126],{"class":109},[55,85498,163],{"class":65},[55,85500,793],{"class":109},[55,85502,37109],{"class":129},[55,85504,126],{"class":109},[55,85506,163],{"class":65},[55,85508,793],{"class":109},[55,85510,85511],{"class":129},"giraffe",[55,85513,126],{"class":109},[55,85515,924],{"class":65},[55,85517,85518,85520,85522,85524,85526,85528,85530,85532,85534,85536],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,85519,62],{"class":61},[55,85521,66],{"class":65},[55,85523,84733],{"class":61},[55,85525,66],{"class":65},[55,85527,4399],{"class":318},[55,85529,163],{"class":65},[55,85531,21631],{"class":9212},[55,85533,906],{"class":703},[55,85535,11202],{"class":61},[55,85537,79],{"class":65},[14,85539,281],{},[46,85541,85543],{"className":48,"code":85542,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"cat\n",[18,85544,85545],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,85546,85547],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,85548,85542],{"class":902},[889,85550,85552],{"id":85551},"find-the-dictionary-with-the-smallest-value","Find the dictionary with the smallest value",[46,85554,85556],{"className":48,"code":85555,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"students = [\n    {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"score\": 85},\n    {\"name\": \"Ben\", \"score\": 72},\n    {\"name\": \"Cara\", \"score\": 90}\n]\n\nlowest = min(students, key=lambda student: student[\"score\"])\nprint(lowest)\n",[18,85557,85558,85568,85603,85635,85667,85671,85675,85714],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,85559,85560,85563,85565],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,85561,85562],{"class":902},"students ",[55,85564,906],{"class":703},[55,85566,85567],{"class":65}," [\n",[55,85569,85570,85573,85575,85577,85579,85581,85583,85585,85587,85589,85591,85594,85596,85598,85600],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,85571,85572],{"class":65},"    {",[55,85574,126],{"class":109},[55,85576,785],{"class":129},[55,85578,126],{"class":109},[55,85580,790],{"class":65},[55,85582,793],{"class":109},[55,85584,12925],{"class":129},[55,85586,126],{"class":109},[55,85588,163],{"class":65},[55,85590,793],{"class":109},[55,85592,85593],{"class":129},"score",[55,85595,126],{"class":109},[55,85597,790],{"class":65},[55,85599,13553],{"class":75},[55,85601,85602],{"class":65},"},\n",[55,85604,85605,85607,85609,85611,85613,85615,85617,85619,85621,85623,85625,85627,85629,85631,85633],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,85606,85572],{"class":65},[55,85608,126],{"class":109},[55,85610,785],{"class":129},[55,85612,126],{"class":109},[55,85614,790],{"class":65},[55,85616,793],{"class":109},[55,85618,36001],{"class":129},[55,85620,126],{"class":109},[55,85622,163],{"class":65},[55,85624,793],{"class":109},[55,85626,85593],{"class":129},[55,85628,126],{"class":109},[55,85630,790],{"class":65},[55,85632,85194],{"class":75},[55,85634,85602],{"class":65},[55,85636,85637,85639,85641,85643,85645,85647,85649,85651,85653,85655,85657,85659,85661,85663,85665],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,85638,85572],{"class":65},[55,85640,126],{"class":109},[55,85642,785],{"class":129},[55,85644,126],{"class":109},[55,85646,790],{"class":65},[55,85648,793],{"class":109},[55,85650,36010],{"class":129},[55,85652,126],{"class":109},[55,85654,163],{"class":65},[55,85656,793],{"class":109},[55,85658,85593],{"class":129},[55,85660,126],{"class":109},[55,85662,790],{"class":65},[55,85664,19949],{"class":75},[55,85666,9346],{"class":65},[55,85668,85669],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,85670,924],{"class":65},[55,85672,85673],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,85674,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,85676,85677,85680,85682,85685,85687,85690,85692,85694,85696,85698,85700,85702,85704,85706,85708,85710,85712],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,85678,85679],{"class":902},"lowest ",[55,85681,906],{"class":703},[55,85683,85684],{"class":61}," min",[55,85686,66],{"class":65},[55,85688,85689],{"class":318},"students",[55,85691,163],{"class":65},[55,85693,21631],{"class":9212},[55,85695,906],{"class":703},[55,85697,37722],{"class":1914},[55,85699,12951],{"class":37725},[55,85701,790],{"class":65},[55,85703,12951],{"class":318},[55,85705,4186],{"class":65},[55,85707,126],{"class":109},[55,85709,85593],{"class":129},[55,85711,126],{"class":109},[55,85713,4174],{"class":65},[55,85715,85716,85718,85720,85723],{"class":57,"line":582},[55,85717,62],{"class":61},[55,85719,66],{"class":65},[55,85721,85722],{"class":318},"lowest",[55,85724,322],{"class":65},[14,85726,281],{},[46,85728,85730],{"className":48,"code":85729,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'name': 'Ben', 'score': 72}\n",[18,85731,85732],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,85733,85734,85736,85738,85740,85742,85744,85746,85748,85750,85752,85754,85756,85758,85760,85762],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,85735,9315],{"class":65},[55,85737,1923],{"class":109},[55,85739,785],{"class":129},[55,85741,1923],{"class":109},[55,85743,790],{"class":65},[55,85745,1918],{"class":109},[55,85747,36001],{"class":129},[55,85749,1923],{"class":109},[55,85751,163],{"class":65},[55,85753,1918],{"class":109},[55,85755,85593],{"class":129},[55,85757,1923],{"class":109},[55,85759,790],{"class":65},[55,85761,85194],{"class":75},[55,85763,9346],{"class":65},[14,85765,85766,85767,85770],{},"Here, Python compares the ",[18,85768,85769],{},"\"score\""," values, but it returns the full dictionary.",[41,85772,1556,85774,85776],{"id":85773},"using-default-with-empty-iterables",[18,85775,83009],{}," with empty iterables",[14,85778,85779],{},"An empty iterable has no smallest item, so this causes an error:",[46,85781,85783],{"className":48,"code":85782,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[18,85784,85785,85793],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,85786,85787,85789,85791],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,85788,1168],{"class":902},[55,85790,906],{"class":703},[55,85792,966],{"class":65},[55,85794,85795,85797,85799,85801,85803,85805],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,85796,62],{"class":61},[55,85798,66],{"class":65},[55,85800,84733],{"class":61},[55,85802,66],{"class":65},[55,85804,332],{"class":318},[55,85806,79],{"class":65},[14,85808,281],{},[46,85810,85812],{"className":48,"code":85811,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"ValueError: min() arg is an empty sequence\n",[18,85813,85814],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,85815,85816,85818,85820,85822,85824,85826,85828],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,85817,40768],{"class":69},[55,85819,790],{"class":65},[55,85821,85684],{"class":61},[55,85823,466],{"class":65},[55,85825,83979],{"class":902},[55,85827,12237],{"class":703},[55,85829,83984],{"class":902},[14,85831,85832,85833,790],{},"To avoid that, use ",[18,85834,83009],{},[46,85836,85838],{"className":48,"code":85837,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=None))\n",[18,85839,85840,85848],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,85841,85842,85844,85846],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,85843,1168],{"class":902},[55,85845,906],{"class":703},[55,85847,966],{"class":65},[55,85849,85850,85852,85854,85856,85858,85860,85862,85864,85866,85868],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,85851,62],{"class":61},[55,85853,66],{"class":65},[55,85855,84733],{"class":61},[55,85857,66],{"class":65},[55,85859,332],{"class":318},[55,85861,163],{"class":65},[55,85863,26577],{"class":9212},[55,85865,906],{"class":703},[55,85867,481],{"class":187},[55,85869,79],{"class":65},[14,85871,281],{},[46,85873,85874],{"className":48,"code":11851,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,85875,85876],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,85877,85878],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,85879,11851],{"class":187},[14,85881,85882],{},"This is helpful when your list may be empty and you want a safe fallback value.",[14,85884,85885],{},"Remember:",[240,85887,85888,85896],{},[243,85889,85890,85892,85893,85895],{},[18,85891,83009],{}," works only when ",[18,85894,84308],{}," gets one iterable argument",[243,85897,85898,85899],{},"It does not work with ",[18,85900,85901],{},"min(3, 5, default=0)",[14,85903,85904,85905,29],{},"If you want help with this error, see ",[294,85906,65912],{"href":72951},[41,85908,10784],{"id":10783},[14,85910,56846,85911,29],{},[18,85912,84308],{},[889,85914,85916,85917],{"id":85915},"empty-list-without-default","Empty list without ",[18,85918,83009],{},[14,85920,3300,85921,790],{},[18,85922,40768],{},[46,85924,85926],{"className":48,"code":85925,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = []\nprint(min(items))\n",[18,85927,85928,85936],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,85929,85930,85932,85934],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,85931,903],{"class":902},[55,85933,906],{"class":703},[55,85935,966],{"class":65},[55,85937,85938,85940,85942,85944,85946,85948],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,85939,62],{"class":61},[55,85941,66],{"class":65},[55,85943,84733],{"class":61},[55,85945,66],{"class":65},[55,85947,937],{"class":318},[55,85949,79],{"class":65},[14,85951,85952],{},"Fix it by:",[240,85954,85955,85958],{},[243,85956,85957],{},"checking that the iterable is not empty first",[243,85959,85960,85961],{},"or using ",[18,85962,83009],{},[46,85964,85966],{"className":48,"code":85965,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = []\nprint(min(items, default=\"no items\"))\n",[18,85967,85968,85976],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,85969,85970,85972,85974],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,85971,903],{"class":902},[55,85973,906],{"class":703},[55,85975,966],{"class":65},[55,85977,85978,85980,85982,85984,85986,85988,85990,85992,85994,85996,85999,86001],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,85979,62],{"class":61},[55,85981,66],{"class":65},[55,85983,84733],{"class":61},[55,85985,66],{"class":65},[55,85987,937],{"class":318},[55,85989,163],{"class":65},[55,85991,26577],{"class":9212},[55,85993,906],{"class":703},[55,85995,126],{"class":109},[55,85997,85998],{"class":129},"no items",[55,86000,126],{"class":109},[55,86002,79],{"class":65},[889,86004,86006],{"id":86005},"mixed-types","Mixed types",[14,86008,86009],{},"In Python 3, values must usually be comparable to each other. This often fails:",[46,86011,86013],{"className":48,"code":86012,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nprint(min(data))\n",[18,86014,86015,86039],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,86016,86017,86019,86021,86023,86025,86027,86029,86031,86033,86035,86037],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,86018,9202],{"class":902},[55,86020,906],{"class":703},[55,86022,909],{"class":65},[55,86024,376],{"class":75},[55,86026,163],{"class":65},[55,86028,793],{"class":109},[55,86030,15802],{"class":129},[55,86032,126],{"class":109},[55,86034,163],{"class":65},[55,86036,4890],{"class":75},[55,86038,924],{"class":65},[55,86040,86041,86043,86045,86047,86049,86051],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,86042,62],{"class":61},[55,86044,66],{"class":65},[55,86046,84733],{"class":61},[55,86048,66],{"class":65},[55,86050,9241],{"class":318},[55,86052,79],{"class":65},[14,86054,281],{},[46,86056,86058],{"className":48,"code":86057,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"TypeError\n",[18,86059,86060],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,86061,86062],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,86063,86057],{"class":69},[14,86065,86066],{},"That happens because Python cannot directly compare integers and strings here.",[14,86068,86069,86070,29],{},"A simple fix is to convert everything to the same type before calling ",[18,86071,84308],{},[46,86073,86075],{"className":48,"code":86074,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nnumbers = [int(x) for x in data]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[18,86076,86077,86101,86127],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,86078,86079,86081,86083,86085,86087,86089,86091,86093,86095,86097,86099],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,86080,9202],{"class":902},[55,86082,906],{"class":703},[55,86084,909],{"class":65},[55,86086,376],{"class":75},[55,86088,163],{"class":65},[55,86090,793],{"class":109},[55,86092,15802],{"class":129},[55,86094,126],{"class":109},[55,86096,163],{"class":65},[55,86098,4890],{"class":75},[55,86100,924],{"class":65},[55,86102,86103,86105,86107,86109,86111,86113,86115,86117,86119,86121,86123,86125],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,86104,1168],{"class":902},[55,86106,906],{"class":703},[55,86108,909],{"class":65},[55,86110,2492],{"class":69},[55,86112,66],{"class":65},[55,86114,2477],{"class":318},[55,86116,3953],{"class":65},[55,86118,4162],{"class":1193},[55,86120,4165],{"class":902},[55,86122,4168],{"class":1193},[55,86124,14613],{"class":902},[55,86126,924],{"class":65},[55,86128,86129,86131,86133,86135,86137,86139],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,86130,62],{"class":61},[55,86132,66],{"class":65},[55,86134,84733],{"class":61},[55,86136,66],{"class":65},[55,86138,332],{"class":318},[55,86140,79],{"class":65},[14,86142,281],{},[46,86144,86145],{"className":48,"code":3248,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,86146,86147],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,86148,86149],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,86150,3248],{"class":75},[14,86152,86153,86154,29],{},"For more help with type-related problems, see this guide to ",[18,86155,3303],{},[889,86157,86159],{"id":86158},"string-comparisons-may-not-match-your-expectation","String comparisons may not match your expectation",[14,86161,86162],{},"If strings have mixed uppercase and lowercase letters, the result may not match normal dictionary order.",[46,86164,86166],{"className":48,"code":86165,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[18,86167,86168,86200],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,86169,86170,86172,86174,86176,86178,86180,86182,86184,86186,86188,86190,86192,86194,86196,86198],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,86171,4355],{"class":902},[55,86173,906],{"class":703},[55,86175,909],{"class":65},[55,86177,126],{"class":109},[55,86179,79633],{"class":129},[55,86181,126],{"class":109},[55,86183,163],{"class":65},[55,86185,793],{"class":109},[55,86187,57839],{"class":129},[55,86189,126],{"class":109},[55,86191,163],{"class":65},[55,86193,793],{"class":109},[55,86195,79650],{"class":129},[55,86197,126],{"class":109},[55,86199,924],{"class":65},[55,86201,86202,86204,86206,86208,86210,86212],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,86203,62],{"class":61},[55,86205,66],{"class":65},[55,86207,84733],{"class":61},[55,86209,66],{"class":65},[55,86211,4399],{"class":318},[55,86213,79],{"class":65},[14,86215,281],{},[46,86217,86218],{"className":48,"code":85429,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,86219,86220],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,86221,86222],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,86223,85429],{"class":902},[14,86225,86226],{},"If needed, compare them in lowercase:",[46,86228,86230],{"className":48,"code":86229,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words, key=str.lower))\n",[18,86231,86232,86264],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,86233,86234,86236,86238,86240,86242,86244,86246,86248,86250,86252,86254,86256,86258,86260,86262],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,86235,4355],{"class":902},[55,86237,906],{"class":703},[55,86239,909],{"class":65},[55,86241,126],{"class":109},[55,86243,79633],{"class":129},[55,86245,126],{"class":109},[55,86247,163],{"class":65},[55,86249,793],{"class":109},[55,86251,57839],{"class":129},[55,86253,126],{"class":109},[55,86255,163],{"class":65},[55,86257,793],{"class":109},[55,86259,79650],{"class":129},[55,86261,126],{"class":109},[55,86263,924],{"class":65},[55,86265,86266,86268,86270,86272,86274,86276,86278,86280,86282,86284,86286,86288],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,86267,62],{"class":61},[55,86269,66],{"class":65},[55,86271,84733],{"class":61},[55,86273,66],{"class":65},[55,86275,4399],{"class":318},[55,86277,163],{"class":65},[55,86279,21631],{"class":9212},[55,86281,906],{"class":703},[55,86283,3738],{"class":69},[55,86285,29],{"class":65},[55,86287,1786],{"class":24803},[55,86289,79],{"class":65},[14,86291,281],{},[46,86293,86294],{"className":48,"code":85429,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,86295,86296],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,86297,86298],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,86299,85429],{"class":902},[14,86301,86302],{},"Here Python compares using lowercase versions, but still returns the original string.",[41,86304,5247,86306],{"id":86305},"when-to-use-min",[18,86307,84308],{},[14,86309,212,86310,10640],{},[18,86311,84308],{},[240,86313,86314,86317,86322],{},[243,86315,86316],{},"you need the smallest item quickly",[243,86318,86319,86320],{},"you want to compare values with a custom rule using ",[18,86321,14888],{},[243,86323,86324],{},"you want one result, not a full sorted list",[14,86326,212,86327,86331],{},[294,86328,86329],{"href":74594},[18,86330,74497],{}," if you need all items in order.",[14,86333,212,86334,86339],{},[294,86335,86337],{"href":86336},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained\u002F",[18,86338,82654],{}," if you want the largest item instead.",[41,86341,1586],{"id":1585},[14,86343,84313],{},[240,86345,86346,86354,86357,86362,86369],{},[243,86347,86348,86349,86351,86352],{},"Passing an empty list or tuple to ",[18,86350,84308],{}," without using ",[18,86353,83009],{},[243,86355,86356],{},"Mixing incompatible types such as integers and strings",[243,86358,1595,86359,86361],{},[18,86360,84308],{}," on strings to ignore uppercase and lowercase differences",[243,86363,4989,86364,86366,86367,85470],{},[18,86365,14888],{}," affects comparison but ",[18,86368,84308],{},[243,86370,1556,86371,86373],{},[18,86372,83009],{}," in the wrong syntax form with multiple separate arguments",[14,86375,86376,86377,86379],{},"If you are debugging code that uses ",[18,86378,84308],{},", these quick checks can help:",[46,86381,86383],{"className":48,"code":86382,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(len(data))\nprint(min(data))\nprint(min(data, default=None))\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[18,86384,86385,86399,86409,86423,86437,86459],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,86386,86387,86389,86391,86393,86395,86397],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,86388,62],{"class":61},[55,86390,66],{"class":65},[55,86392,1879],{"class":69},[55,86394,66],{"class":65},[55,86396,9241],{"class":318},[55,86398,79],{"class":65},[55,86400,86401,86403,86405,86407],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,86402,62],{"class":61},[55,86404,66],{"class":65},[55,86406,9241],{"class":318},[55,86408,322],{"class":65},[55,86410,86411,86413,86415,86417,86419,86421],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,86412,62],{"class":61},[55,86414,66],{"class":65},[55,86416,11202],{"class":61},[55,86418,66],{"class":65},[55,86420,9241],{"class":318},[55,86422,79],{"class":65},[55,86424,86425,86427,86429,86431,86433,86435],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,86426,62],{"class":61},[55,86428,66],{"class":65},[55,86430,84733],{"class":61},[55,86432,66],{"class":65},[55,86434,9241],{"class":318},[55,86436,79],{"class":65},[55,86438,86439,86441,86443,86445,86447,86449,86451,86453,86455,86457],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,86440,62],{"class":61},[55,86442,66],{"class":65},[55,86444,84733],{"class":61},[55,86446,66],{"class":65},[55,86448,9241],{"class":318},[55,86450,163],{"class":65},[55,86452,26577],{"class":9212},[55,86454,906],{"class":703},[55,86456,481],{"class":187},[55,86458,79],{"class":65},[55,86460,86461,86463,86465,86467,86469,86471,86473,86475,86477,86479],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,86462,62],{"class":61},[55,86464,66],{"class":65},[55,86466,84733],{"class":61},[55,86468,66],{"class":65},[55,86470,4399],{"class":318},[55,86472,163],{"class":65},[55,86474,21631],{"class":9212},[55,86476,906],{"class":703},[55,86478,11202],{"class":61},[55,86480,79],{"class":65},[14,86482,86483,86484,86487,86488,86490],{},"Use them carefully. For example, ",[18,86485,86486],{},"print(min(data))"," will still fail if ",[18,86489,9241],{}," is empty or contains incompatible types.",[41,86492,2139],{"id":2138},[889,86494,5429,86496,5432],{"id":86495},"what-does-min-return-in-python",[18,86497,84308],{},[14,86499,86500],{},"It returns the smallest item from an iterable, or the smallest value from multiple arguments.",[889,86502,5456,86504,84489],{"id":86503},"can-min-work-with-strings",[18,86505,84308],{},[14,86507,86508],{},"Yes. It compares strings using character order, which is similar to alphabetical order but affected by letter case.",[889,86510,71719],{"id":71718},[14,86512,86513,52564,86515,84501,86517,36683],{},[18,86514,84308],{},[18,86516,40768],{},[18,86518,83009],{},[889,86520,5429,86522,86524,86525,2794],{"id":86521},"what-does-key-do-in-min",[18,86523,14888],{}," do in ",[18,86526,84308],{},[14,86528,86529,86531,86532,86534],{},[18,86530,14888],{}," tells Python how to compare items. For example, ",[18,86533,83562],{}," compares strings by length.",[889,86536,5466,86538,4679,86540,2794],{"id":86537},"what-is-the-difference-between-min-and-sorted",[18,86539,84308],{},[18,86541,74497],{},[14,86543,86544,86546,86547,86549],{},[18,86545,84308],{}," returns only the smallest item. ",[18,86548,74497],{}," returns a new sorted list of all items.",[41,86551,2193],{"id":2192},[240,86553,86554,86560,86566,86572,86576,86580],{},[243,86555,86556],{},[294,86557,86558,3804],{"href":86336},[18,86559,82654],{},[243,86561,86562],{},[294,86563,86564,3804],{"href":74594},[18,86565,74497],{},[243,86567,86568],{},[294,86569,86570,3804],{"href":42423},[18,86571,42426],{},[243,86573,86574],{},[294,86575,79946],{"href":78449},[243,86577,86578],{},[294,86579,59027],{"href":59026},[243,86581,86582],{},[294,86583,65912],{"href":72951},[2226,86585,86586],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":86588},[86589,86590,86592,86598,86600,86602,86607,86609,86615,86617,86618,86629],{"id":2307,"depth":82,"text":2308},{"id":84792,"depth":82,"text":86591},"What min() does",{"id":84813,"depth":82,"text":84814,"children":86593},[86594,86595,86596,86597],{"id":84898,"depth":98,"text":84901},{"id":84960,"depth":98,"text":84963},{"id":85010,"depth":98,"text":85013},{"id":85104,"depth":98,"text":85107},{"id":85166,"depth":82,"text":86599},"Using min() with numbers",{"id":85301,"depth":82,"text":86601},"Using min() with strings",{"id":85448,"depth":82,"text":86603,"children":86604},"Using min() with a key function",[86605,86606],{"id":85476,"depth":98,"text":85477},{"id":85551,"depth":98,"text":85552},{"id":85773,"depth":82,"text":86608},"Using default with empty iterables",{"id":10783,"depth":82,"text":10784,"children":86610},[86611,86613,86614],{"id":85915,"depth":98,"text":86612},"Empty list without default",{"id":86005,"depth":98,"text":86006},{"id":86158,"depth":98,"text":86159},{"id":86305,"depth":82,"text":86616},"When to use min()",{"id":1585,"depth":82,"text":1586},{"id":2138,"depth":82,"text":2139,"children":86619},[86620,86622,86624,86625,86627],{"id":86495,"depth":98,"text":86621},"What does min() return in Python?",{"id":86503,"depth":98,"text":86623},"Can min() work with strings?",{"id":71718,"depth":98,"text":71719},{"id":86521,"depth":98,"text":86626},"What does key do in min()?",{"id":86537,"depth":98,"text":86628},"What is the difference between min() and sorted()?",{"id":2192,"depth":82,"text":2193},"Master python min function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained",{"title":84675,"description":86630},"reference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained","VRpvwOyAjT3zttFenYN7xvkjWchE8ws8iWzCuhgc8Cs",{"id":86637,"title":86638,"body":86639,"description":88818,"extension":2267,"meta":88819,"navigation":1121,"path":88820,"seo":88821,"stem":88822,"__hash__":88823},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained.md","Python open() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":86640,"toc":88782},[86641,86644,86650,86656,86658,86739,86748,86752,86757,86759,86804,86806,86886,86892,86894,86897,86929,86931,86949,86951,87024,87026,87045,87049,87052,87088,87090,87157,87231,87304,87309,87313,87319,87322,87339,87342,87344,87405,87407,87427,87433,87437,87440,87510,87513,87532,87537,87613,87616,87620,87626,87630,87635,87705,87709,87714,87788,87792,87795,87870,87881,87885,87890,87980,87985,88053,88056,88075,88086,88090,88093,88098,88101,88163,88166,88177,88182,88185,88188,88193,88196,88199,88203,88206,88212,88215,88226,88228,88290,88305,88311,88314,88317,88328,88339,88345,88348,88350,88412,88422,88428,88433,88439,88443,88449,88452,88473,88475,88480,88507,88510,88537,88540,88579,88582,88620,88623,88684,88687,88689,88693,88696,88700,88706,88714,88722,88726,88729,88733,88739,88741,88779],[10,86642,86638],{"id":86643},"python-open-function-explained",[14,86645,86646,86649],{},[18,86647,86648],{},"open()"," is the built-in Python function used to open a file so your program can read from it or write to it.",[14,86651,86652,86653,86655],{},"This page is a beginner-friendly reference for ",[18,86654,86648],{},". You will learn what it does, the most common arguments, what it returns, and how to use it safely when working with files.",[41,86657,2308],{"id":2307},[46,86659,86661],{"className":48,"code":86660,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    content = file.read()\n    print(content)\n",[18,86662,86663,86712,86728],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,86664,86665,86668,86671,86673,86675,86678,86680,86682,86684,86686,86688,86690,86693,86695,86697,86700,86702,86704,86706,86710],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,86666,86667],{"class":1193},"with",[55,86669,86670],{"class":61}," open",[55,86672,66],{"class":65},[55,86674,126],{"class":109},[55,86676,86677],{"class":129},"example.txt",[55,86679,126],{"class":109},[55,86681,163],{"class":65},[55,86683,793],{"class":109},[55,86685,60577],{"class":129},[55,86687,126],{"class":109},[55,86689,163],{"class":65},[55,86691,86692],{"class":9212}," encoding",[55,86694,906],{"class":703},[55,86696,126],{"class":109},[55,86698,86699],{"class":129},"utf-8",[55,86701,126],{"class":109},[55,86703,3953],{"class":65},[55,86705,47425],{"class":1193},[55,86707,86709],{"class":86708},"sMMDD"," file",[55,86711,1199],{"class":65},[55,86713,86714,86717,86719,86721,86723,86726],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,86715,86716],{"class":902},"    content ",[55,86718,906],{"class":703},[55,86720,86709],{"class":86708},[55,86722,29],{"class":65},[55,86724,86725],{"class":318},"read",[55,86727,1789],{"class":65},[55,86729,86730,86732,86734,86737],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,86731,1204],{"class":61},[55,86733,66],{"class":65},[55,86735,86736],{"class":318},"content",[55,86738,322],{"class":65},[14,86740,212,86741,86743,86744,86747],{},[18,86742,86667],{}," so the file closes automatically. ",[18,86745,86746],{},"\"r\""," means read mode.",[41,86749,86751],{"id":86750},"what-open-does","What open() does",[14,86753,86754,86756],{},[18,86755,86648],{}," opens a file and gives your program a way to work with it.",[14,86758,11500],{},[240,86760,86761,86764,86769,86774],{},[243,86762,86763],{},"It opens a file so your code can read from it or write to it",[243,86765,40970,86766,86768],{},[435,86767,4916],{}," read or write anything by itself",[243,86770,17471,86771],{},[435,86772,86773],{},"file object",[243,86775,86776,86777],{},"You use methods on that file object, such as:\n",[240,86778,86779,86784,86789,86794,86799],{},[243,86780,86781],{},[18,86782,86783],{},"read()",[243,86785,86786],{},[18,86787,86788],{},"readline()",[243,86790,86791],{},[18,86792,86793],{},"readlines()",[243,86795,86796],{},[18,86797,86798],{},"write()",[243,86800,86801],{},[18,86802,86803],{},"close()",[14,86805,358],{},[46,86807,86809],{"className":48,"code":86808,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"file = open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\")\ncontent = file.read()\nprint(content)\nfile.close()\n",[18,86810,86811,86850,86865,86875],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,86812,86813,86816,86818,86820,86822,86824,86826,86828,86830,86832,86834,86836,86838,86840,86842,86844,86846,86848],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,86814,86815],{"class":86708},"file",[55,86817,13322],{"class":703},[55,86819,86670],{"class":61},[55,86821,66],{"class":65},[55,86823,126],{"class":109},[55,86825,86677],{"class":129},[55,86827,126],{"class":109},[55,86829,163],{"class":65},[55,86831,793],{"class":109},[55,86833,60577],{"class":129},[55,86835,126],{"class":109},[55,86837,163],{"class":65},[55,86839,86692],{"class":9212},[55,86841,906],{"class":703},[55,86843,126],{"class":109},[55,86845,86699],{"class":129},[55,86847,126],{"class":109},[55,86849,322],{"class":65},[55,86851,86852,86855,86857,86859,86861,86863],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,86853,86854],{"class":902},"content ",[55,86856,906],{"class":703},[55,86858,86709],{"class":86708},[55,86860,29],{"class":65},[55,86862,86725],{"class":318},[55,86864,1789],{"class":65},[55,86866,86867,86869,86871,86873],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,86868,62],{"class":61},[55,86870,66],{"class":65},[55,86872,86736],{"class":318},[55,86874,322],{"class":65},[55,86876,86877,86879,86881,86884],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,86878,86815],{"class":86708},[55,86880,29],{"class":65},[55,86882,86883],{"class":318},"close",[55,86885,1789],{"class":65},[14,86887,86888,86889,86891],{},"This works, but in most cases you should use ",[18,86890,86667],{}," instead, because it closes the file for you automatically.",[41,86893,2460],{"id":2459},[14,86895,86896],{},"A common form is:",[46,86898,86900],{"className":48,"code":86899,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"open(file, mode, encoding=\"utf-8\")\n",[18,86901,86902],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,86903,86904,86906,86908,86910,86912,86915,86917,86919,86921,86923,86925,86927],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,86905,42492],{"class":61},[55,86907,66],{"class":65},[55,86909,86815],{"class":86708},[55,86911,163],{"class":65},[55,86913,86914],{"class":318}," mode",[55,86916,163],{"class":65},[55,86918,86692],{"class":9212},[55,86920,906],{"class":703},[55,86922,126],{"class":109},[55,86924,86699],{"class":129},[55,86926,126],{"class":109},[55,86928,322],{"class":65},[14,86930,65118],{},[240,86932,86933,86938,86943],{},[243,86934,86935,86937],{},[18,86936,86815],{}," is the file name or file path",[243,86939,86940,86942],{},[18,86941,20970],{}," controls how the file is opened",[243,86944,86945,86948],{},[18,86946,86947],{},"encoding"," matters when you are working with text files",[14,86950,358],{},[46,86952,86954],{"className":48,"code":86953,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"with open(\"notes.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    text = file.read()\n    print(text)\n",[18,86955,86956,86999,87014],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,86957,86958,86960,86962,86964,86966,86969,86971,86973,86975,86977,86979,86981,86983,86985,86987,86989,86991,86993,86995,86997],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,86959,86667],{"class":1193},[55,86961,86670],{"class":61},[55,86963,66],{"class":65},[55,86965,126],{"class":109},[55,86967,86968],{"class":129},"notes.txt",[55,86970,126],{"class":109},[55,86972,163],{"class":65},[55,86974,793],{"class":109},[55,86976,60577],{"class":129},[55,86978,126],{"class":109},[55,86980,163],{"class":65},[55,86982,86692],{"class":9212},[55,86984,906],{"class":703},[55,86986,126],{"class":109},[55,86988,86699],{"class":129},[55,86990,126],{"class":109},[55,86992,3953],{"class":65},[55,86994,47425],{"class":1193},[55,86996,86709],{"class":86708},[55,86998,1199],{"class":65},[55,87000,87001,87004,87006,87008,87010,87012],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,87002,87003],{"class":902},"    text ",[55,87005,906],{"class":703},[55,87007,86709],{"class":86708},[55,87009,29],{"class":65},[55,87011,86725],{"class":318},[55,87013,1789],{"class":65},[55,87015,87016,87018,87020,87022],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,87017,1204],{"class":61},[55,87019,66],{"class":65},[55,87021,34767],{"class":318},[55,87023,322],{"class":65},[14,87025,20008],{},[240,87027,87028,87034,87039],{},[243,87029,87030,87033],{},[18,87031,87032],{},"\"notes.txt\""," is the file name",[243,87035,87036,87038],{},[18,87037,86746],{}," means open for reading",[243,87040,87041,87044],{},[18,87042,87043],{},"encoding=\"utf-8\""," tells Python how to decode the text",[41,87046,87048],{"id":87047},"common-file-modes","Common file modes",[14,87050,87051],{},"These are the modes beginners use most often:",[240,87053,87054,87059,87065,87070,87076,87082],{},[243,87055,87056,87058],{},[18,87057,86746],{}," = read a text file",[243,87060,87061,87064],{},[18,87062,87063],{},"\"w\""," = write a text file and replace existing content",[243,87066,87067,87069],{},[18,87068,18146],{}," = append text to the end of a file",[243,87071,87072,87075],{},[18,87073,87074],{},"\"x\""," = create a new file and fail if it already exists",[243,87077,87078,87081],{},[18,87079,87080],{},"\"rb\""," = read a binary file",[243,87083,87084,87087],{},[18,87085,87086],{},"\"wb\""," = write a binary file",[14,87089,2428],{},[46,87091,87093],{"className":48,"code":87092,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"# Read a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[18,87094,87095,87100,87143],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,87096,87097],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,87098,87099],{"class":3956},"# Read a text file\n",[55,87101,87102,87104,87106,87108,87110,87113,87115,87117,87119,87121,87123,87125,87127,87129,87131,87133,87135,87137,87139,87141],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,87103,86667],{"class":1193},[55,87105,86670],{"class":61},[55,87107,66],{"class":65},[55,87109,126],{"class":109},[55,87111,87112],{"class":129},"data.txt",[55,87114,126],{"class":109},[55,87116,163],{"class":65},[55,87118,793],{"class":109},[55,87120,60577],{"class":129},[55,87122,126],{"class":109},[55,87124,163],{"class":65},[55,87126,86692],{"class":9212},[55,87128,906],{"class":703},[55,87130,126],{"class":109},[55,87132,86699],{"class":129},[55,87134,126],{"class":109},[55,87136,3953],{"class":65},[55,87138,47425],{"class":1193},[55,87140,86709],{"class":86708},[55,87142,1199],{"class":65},[55,87144,87145,87147,87149,87151,87153,87155],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,87146,1204],{"class":61},[55,87148,66],{"class":65},[55,87150,86815],{"class":86708},[55,87152,29],{"class":65},[55,87154,86725],{"class":318},[55,87156,278],{"class":65},[46,87158,87160],{"className":48,"code":87159,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Hello\\n\")\n",[18,87161,87162,87167,87209],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,87163,87164],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,87165,87166],{"class":3956},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\n",[55,87168,87169,87171,87173,87175,87177,87179,87181,87183,87185,87187,87189,87191,87193,87195,87197,87199,87201,87203,87205,87207],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,87170,86667],{"class":1193},[55,87172,86670],{"class":61},[55,87174,66],{"class":65},[55,87176,126],{"class":109},[55,87178,87112],{"class":129},[55,87180,126],{"class":109},[55,87182,163],{"class":65},[55,87184,793],{"class":109},[55,87186,60560],{"class":129},[55,87188,126],{"class":109},[55,87190,163],{"class":65},[55,87192,86692],{"class":9212},[55,87194,906],{"class":703},[55,87196,126],{"class":109},[55,87198,86699],{"class":129},[55,87200,126],{"class":109},[55,87202,3953],{"class":65},[55,87204,47425],{"class":1193},[55,87206,86709],{"class":86708},[55,87208,1199],{"class":65},[55,87210,87211,87214,87216,87218,87220,87222,87224,87227,87229],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,87212,87213],{"class":86708},"    file",[55,87215,29],{"class":65},[55,87217,70268],{"class":318},[55,87219,66],{"class":65},[55,87221,126],{"class":109},[55,87223,34926],{"class":129},[55,87225,87226],{"class":34511},"\\n",[55,87228,126],{"class":109},[55,87230,322],{"class":65},[46,87232,87234],{"className":48,"code":87233,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"# Append to a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Another line\\n\")\n",[18,87235,87236,87241,87283],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,87237,87238],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,87239,87240],{"class":3956},"# Append to a text file\n",[55,87242,87243,87245,87247,87249,87251,87253,87255,87257,87259,87261,87263,87265,87267,87269,87271,87273,87275,87277,87279,87281],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,87244,86667],{"class":1193},[55,87246,86670],{"class":61},[55,87248,66],{"class":65},[55,87250,126],{"class":109},[55,87252,87112],{"class":129},[55,87254,126],{"class":109},[55,87256,163],{"class":65},[55,87258,793],{"class":109},[55,87260,294],{"class":129},[55,87262,126],{"class":109},[55,87264,163],{"class":65},[55,87266,86692],{"class":9212},[55,87268,906],{"class":703},[55,87270,126],{"class":109},[55,87272,86699],{"class":129},[55,87274,126],{"class":109},[55,87276,3953],{"class":65},[55,87278,47425],{"class":1193},[55,87280,86709],{"class":86708},[55,87282,1199],{"class":65},[55,87284,87285,87287,87289,87291,87293,87295,87298,87300,87302],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,87286,87213],{"class":86708},[55,87288,29],{"class":65},[55,87290,70268],{"class":318},[55,87292,66],{"class":65},[55,87294,126],{"class":109},[55,87296,87297],{"class":129},"Another line",[55,87299,87226],{"class":34511},[55,87301,126],{"class":109},[55,87303,322],{"class":65},[14,87305,69420,87306,87308],{},[18,87307,87063],{}," mode. If the file already exists, its old contents are removed.",[41,87310,87312],{"id":87311},"what-open-returns","What open() returns",[14,87314,87315,22027,87317,29],{},[18,87316,86648],{},[435,87318,86773],{},[14,87320,87321],{},"A file object is the thing you actually use to work with the file. It gives you methods like:",[240,87323,87324,87329,87334],{},[243,87325,87326],{},[18,87327,87328],{},"file.read()",[243,87330,87331],{},[18,87332,87333],{},"file.write()",[243,87335,87336],{},[18,87337,87338],{},"file.close()",[14,87340,87341],{},"It also keeps track of the current position in the file.",[14,87343,358],{},[46,87345,87347],{"className":48,"code":87346,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(type(file))\n",[18,87348,87349,87391],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,87350,87351,87353,87355,87357,87359,87361,87363,87365,87367,87369,87371,87373,87375,87377,87379,87381,87383,87385,87387,87389],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,87352,86667],{"class":1193},[55,87354,86670],{"class":61},[55,87356,66],{"class":65},[55,87358,126],{"class":109},[55,87360,86677],{"class":129},[55,87362,126],{"class":109},[55,87364,163],{"class":65},[55,87366,793],{"class":109},[55,87368,60577],{"class":129},[55,87370,126],{"class":109},[55,87372,163],{"class":65},[55,87374,86692],{"class":9212},[55,87376,906],{"class":703},[55,87378,126],{"class":109},[55,87380,86699],{"class":129},[55,87382,126],{"class":109},[55,87384,3953],{"class":65},[55,87386,47425],{"class":1193},[55,87388,86709],{"class":86708},[55,87390,1199],{"class":65},[55,87392,87393,87395,87397,87399,87401,87403],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,87394,1204],{"class":61},[55,87396,66],{"class":65},[55,87398,1879],{"class":69},[55,87400,66],{"class":65},[55,87402,86815],{"class":86708},[55,87404,79],{"class":65},[14,87406,30085],{},[46,87408,87410],{"className":48,"code":87409,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"\u003Cclass '_io.TextIOWrapper'>\n",[18,87411,87412],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,87413,87414,87416,87418,87420,87423,87425],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,87415,1911],{"class":703},[55,87417,1915],{"class":1914},[55,87419,1918],{"class":109},[55,87421,87422],{"class":129},"_io.TextIOWrapper",[55,87424,1923],{"class":109},[55,87426,1926],{"class":703},[14,87428,87429,87430,87432],{},"You do not need to memorize that type name. The important idea is that ",[18,87431,86648],{}," gives you an object that knows how to interact with the file.",[41,87434,87436],{"id":87435},"why-beginners-should-use-with","Why beginners should use with",[14,87438,87439],{},"Beginners should usually write file code like this:",[46,87441,87442],{"className":48,"code":86660,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,87443,87444,87486,87500],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,87445,87446,87448,87450,87452,87454,87456,87458,87460,87462,87464,87466,87468,87470,87472,87474,87476,87478,87480,87482,87484],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,87447,86667],{"class":1193},[55,87449,86670],{"class":61},[55,87451,66],{"class":65},[55,87453,126],{"class":109},[55,87455,86677],{"class":129},[55,87457,126],{"class":109},[55,87459,163],{"class":65},[55,87461,793],{"class":109},[55,87463,60577],{"class":129},[55,87465,126],{"class":109},[55,87467,163],{"class":65},[55,87469,86692],{"class":9212},[55,87471,906],{"class":703},[55,87473,126],{"class":109},[55,87475,86699],{"class":129},[55,87477,126],{"class":109},[55,87479,3953],{"class":65},[55,87481,47425],{"class":1193},[55,87483,86709],{"class":86708},[55,87485,1199],{"class":65},[55,87487,87488,87490,87492,87494,87496,87498],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,87489,86716],{"class":902},[55,87491,906],{"class":703},[55,87493,86709],{"class":86708},[55,87495,29],{"class":65},[55,87497,86725],{"class":318},[55,87499,1789],{"class":65},[55,87501,87502,87504,87506,87508],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,87503,1204],{"class":61},[55,87505,66],{"class":65},[55,87507,86736],{"class":318},[55,87509,322],{"class":65},[14,87511,87512],{},"Why this is recommended:",[240,87514,87515,87520,87526,87529],{},[243,87516,87517,87519],{},[18,87518,86667],{}," automatically closes the file when the block ends",[243,87521,87522,87523,87525],{},"It is safer than calling ",[18,87524,86803],{}," yourself",[243,87527,87528],{},"It helps prevent bugs caused by leaving files open",[243,87530,87531],{},"It is the standard pattern you will see in most Python code",[14,87533,83825,87534,87536],{},[18,87535,86667],{},", you must remember to close the file yourself:",[46,87538,87539],{"className":48,"code":86808,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,87540,87541,87579,87593,87603],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,87542,87543,87545,87547,87549,87551,87553,87555,87557,87559,87561,87563,87565,87567,87569,87571,87573,87575,87577],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,87544,86815],{"class":86708},[55,87546,13322],{"class":703},[55,87548,86670],{"class":61},[55,87550,66],{"class":65},[55,87552,126],{"class":109},[55,87554,86677],{"class":129},[55,87556,126],{"class":109},[55,87558,163],{"class":65},[55,87560,793],{"class":109},[55,87562,60577],{"class":129},[55,87564,126],{"class":109},[55,87566,163],{"class":65},[55,87568,86692],{"class":9212},[55,87570,906],{"class":703},[55,87572,126],{"class":109},[55,87574,86699],{"class":129},[55,87576,126],{"class":109},[55,87578,322],{"class":65},[55,87580,87581,87583,87585,87587,87589,87591],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,87582,86854],{"class":902},[55,87584,906],{"class":703},[55,87586,86709],{"class":86708},[55,87588,29],{"class":65},[55,87590,86725],{"class":318},[55,87592,1789],{"class":65},[55,87594,87595,87597,87599,87601],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,87596,62],{"class":61},[55,87598,66],{"class":65},[55,87600,86736],{"class":318},[55,87602,322],{"class":65},[55,87604,87605,87607,87609,87611],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,87606,86815],{"class":86708},[55,87608,29],{"class":65},[55,87610,86883],{"class":318},[55,87612,1789],{"class":65},[14,87614,87615],{},"That version is easier to get wrong.",[41,87617,87619],{"id":87618},"reading-text-with-open","Reading text with open()",[14,87621,87622,87623,87625],{},"Use mode ",[18,87624,86746],{}," when you want to read a text file.",[889,87627,87629],{"id":87628},"read-the-whole-file","Read the whole file",[14,87631,87632,87634],{},[18,87633,86783],{}," returns the full contents as one string.",[46,87636,87637],{"className":48,"code":86660,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,87638,87639,87681,87695],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,87640,87641,87643,87645,87647,87649,87651,87653,87655,87657,87659,87661,87663,87665,87667,87669,87671,87673,87675,87677,87679],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,87642,86667],{"class":1193},[55,87644,86670],{"class":61},[55,87646,66],{"class":65},[55,87648,126],{"class":109},[55,87650,86677],{"class":129},[55,87652,126],{"class":109},[55,87654,163],{"class":65},[55,87656,793],{"class":109},[55,87658,60577],{"class":129},[55,87660,126],{"class":109},[55,87662,163],{"class":65},[55,87664,86692],{"class":9212},[55,87666,906],{"class":703},[55,87668,126],{"class":109},[55,87670,86699],{"class":129},[55,87672,126],{"class":109},[55,87674,3953],{"class":65},[55,87676,47425],{"class":1193},[55,87678,86709],{"class":86708},[55,87680,1199],{"class":65},[55,87682,87683,87685,87687,87689,87691,87693],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,87684,86716],{"class":902},[55,87686,906],{"class":703},[55,87688,86709],{"class":86708},[55,87690,29],{"class":65},[55,87692,86725],{"class":318},[55,87694,1789],{"class":65},[55,87696,87697,87699,87701,87703],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,87698,1204],{"class":61},[55,87700,66],{"class":65},[55,87702,86736],{"class":318},[55,87704,322],{"class":65},[889,87706,87708],{"id":87707},"read-one-line","Read one line",[14,87710,87711,87713],{},[18,87712,86788],{}," reads one line at a time.",[46,87715,87717],{"className":48,"code":87716,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    first_line = file.readline()\n    print(first_line)\n",[18,87718,87719,87761,87777],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,87720,87721,87723,87725,87727,87729,87731,87733,87735,87737,87739,87741,87743,87745,87747,87749,87751,87753,87755,87757,87759],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,87722,86667],{"class":1193},[55,87724,86670],{"class":61},[55,87726,66],{"class":65},[55,87728,126],{"class":109},[55,87730,86677],{"class":129},[55,87732,126],{"class":109},[55,87734,163],{"class":65},[55,87736,793],{"class":109},[55,87738,60577],{"class":129},[55,87740,126],{"class":109},[55,87742,163],{"class":65},[55,87744,86692],{"class":9212},[55,87746,906],{"class":703},[55,87748,126],{"class":109},[55,87750,86699],{"class":129},[55,87752,126],{"class":109},[55,87754,3953],{"class":65},[55,87756,47425],{"class":1193},[55,87758,86709],{"class":86708},[55,87760,1199],{"class":65},[55,87762,87763,87766,87768,87770,87772,87775],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,87764,87765],{"class":902},"    first_line ",[55,87767,906],{"class":703},[55,87769,86709],{"class":86708},[55,87771,29],{"class":65},[55,87773,87774],{"class":318},"readline",[55,87776,1789],{"class":65},[55,87778,87779,87781,87783,87786],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,87780,1204],{"class":61},[55,87782,66],{"class":65},[55,87784,87785],{"class":318},"first_line",[55,87787,322],{"class":65},[889,87789,87791],{"id":87790},"loop-over-the-file-line-by-line","Loop over the file line by line",[14,87793,87794],{},"This is often the best choice for larger files.",[46,87796,87798],{"className":48,"code":87797,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    for line in file:\n        print(line.strip())\n",[18,87799,87800,87842,87856],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,87801,87802,87804,87806,87808,87810,87812,87814,87816,87818,87820,87822,87824,87826,87828,87830,87832,87834,87836,87838,87840],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,87803,86667],{"class":1193},[55,87805,86670],{"class":61},[55,87807,66],{"class":65},[55,87809,126],{"class":109},[55,87811,86677],{"class":129},[55,87813,126],{"class":109},[55,87815,163],{"class":65},[55,87817,793],{"class":109},[55,87819,60577],{"class":129},[55,87821,126],{"class":109},[55,87823,163],{"class":65},[55,87825,86692],{"class":9212},[55,87827,906],{"class":703},[55,87829,126],{"class":109},[55,87831,86699],{"class":129},[55,87833,126],{"class":109},[55,87835,3953],{"class":65},[55,87837,47425],{"class":1193},[55,87839,86709],{"class":86708},[55,87841,1199],{"class":65},[55,87843,87844,87847,87850,87852,87854],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,87845,87846],{"class":1193},"    for",[55,87848,87849],{"class":902}," line ",[55,87851,4168],{"class":1193},[55,87853,86709],{"class":86708},[55,87855,1199],{"class":65},[55,87857,87858,87860,87862,87864,87866,87868],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,87859,47405],{"class":61},[55,87861,66],{"class":65},[55,87863,57],{"class":318},[55,87865,29],{"class":65},[55,87867,1780],{"class":318},[55,87869,278],{"class":65},[14,87871,87872,87873,25,87877,29],{},"If you want a full beginner walkthrough, see ",[294,87874,87876],{"href":87875},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File in Python",[294,87878,87880],{"href":87879},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-line-by-line-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File Line by Line in Python",[41,87882,87884],{"id":87883},"writing-text-with-open","Writing text with open()",[14,87886,212,87887,87889],{},[18,87888,87063],{}," to create a file or overwrite an existing file.",[46,87891,87893],{"className":48,"code":87892,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"First line\\n\")\n    file.write(\"Second line\\n\")\n",[18,87894,87895,87938,87959],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,87896,87897,87899,87901,87903,87905,87908,87910,87912,87914,87916,87918,87920,87922,87924,87926,87928,87930,87932,87934,87936],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,87898,86667],{"class":1193},[55,87900,86670],{"class":61},[55,87902,66],{"class":65},[55,87904,126],{"class":109},[55,87906,87907],{"class":129},"output.txt",[55,87909,126],{"class":109},[55,87911,163],{"class":65},[55,87913,793],{"class":109},[55,87915,60560],{"class":129},[55,87917,126],{"class":109},[55,87919,163],{"class":65},[55,87921,86692],{"class":9212},[55,87923,906],{"class":703},[55,87925,126],{"class":109},[55,87927,86699],{"class":129},[55,87929,126],{"class":109},[55,87931,3953],{"class":65},[55,87933,47425],{"class":1193},[55,87935,86709],{"class":86708},[55,87937,1199],{"class":65},[55,87939,87940,87942,87944,87946,87948,87950,87953,87955,87957],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,87941,87213],{"class":86708},[55,87943,29],{"class":65},[55,87945,70268],{"class":318},[55,87947,66],{"class":65},[55,87949,126],{"class":109},[55,87951,87952],{"class":129},"First line",[55,87954,87226],{"class":34511},[55,87956,126],{"class":109},[55,87958,322],{"class":65},[55,87960,87961,87963,87965,87967,87969,87971,87974,87976,87978],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,87962,87213],{"class":86708},[55,87964,29],{"class":65},[55,87966,70268],{"class":318},[55,87968,66],{"class":65},[55,87970,126],{"class":109},[55,87972,87973],{"class":129},"Second line",[55,87975,87226],{"class":34511},[55,87977,126],{"class":109},[55,87979,322],{"class":65},[14,87981,212,87982,87984],{},[18,87983,18146],{}," if you want to add content without deleting what is already there.",[46,87986,87988],{"className":48,"code":87987,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Third line\\n\")\n",[18,87989,87990,88032],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,87991,87992,87994,87996,87998,88000,88002,88004,88006,88008,88010,88012,88014,88016,88018,88020,88022,88024,88026,88028,88030],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,87993,86667],{"class":1193},[55,87995,86670],{"class":61},[55,87997,66],{"class":65},[55,87999,126],{"class":109},[55,88001,87907],{"class":129},[55,88003,126],{"class":109},[55,88005,163],{"class":65},[55,88007,793],{"class":109},[55,88009,294],{"class":129},[55,88011,126],{"class":109},[55,88013,163],{"class":65},[55,88015,86692],{"class":9212},[55,88017,906],{"class":703},[55,88019,126],{"class":109},[55,88021,86699],{"class":129},[55,88023,126],{"class":109},[55,88025,3953],{"class":65},[55,88027,47425],{"class":1193},[55,88029,86709],{"class":86708},[55,88031,1199],{"class":65},[55,88033,88034,88036,88038,88040,88042,88044,88047,88049,88051],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,88035,87213],{"class":86708},[55,88037,29],{"class":65},[55,88039,70268],{"class":318},[55,88041,66],{"class":65},[55,88043,126],{"class":109},[55,88045,88046],{"class":129},"Third line",[55,88048,87226],{"class":34511},[55,88050,126],{"class":109},[55,88052,322],{"class":65},[14,88054,88055],{},"Important detail:",[240,88057,88058,88063,88070],{},[243,88059,88060,88062],{},[18,88061,86798],{}," writes a string",[243,88064,88065,14100,88067,88069],{},[18,88066,86798],{},[435,88068,4916],{}," add a newline for you",[243,88071,88072,88073,87525],{},"If you want a new line, include ",[18,88074,87226],{},[14,88076,88077,88078,25,88082,29],{},"If your goal is a full task rather than a function reference, see ",[294,88079,88081],{"href":88080},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-write-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Write to a File in Python",[294,88083,88085],{"href":88084},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-append-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Append to a File in Python",[41,88087,88089],{"id":88088},"important-arguments-beginners-should-know","Important arguments beginners should know",[14,88091,88092],{},"A few arguments matter more than others when starting out.",[889,88094,88096],{"id":88095},"encodingutf-8",[18,88097,87043],{},[14,88099,88100],{},"For text files, this is a good default.",[46,88102,88104],{"className":48,"code":88103,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"with open(\"message.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[18,88105,88106,88149],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,88107,88108,88110,88112,88114,88116,88119,88121,88123,88125,88127,88129,88131,88133,88135,88137,88139,88141,88143,88145,88147],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,88109,86667],{"class":1193},[55,88111,86670],{"class":61},[55,88113,66],{"class":65},[55,88115,126],{"class":109},[55,88117,88118],{"class":129},"message.txt",[55,88120,126],{"class":109},[55,88122,163],{"class":65},[55,88124,793],{"class":109},[55,88126,60577],{"class":129},[55,88128,126],{"class":109},[55,88130,163],{"class":65},[55,88132,86692],{"class":9212},[55,88134,906],{"class":703},[55,88136,126],{"class":109},[55,88138,86699],{"class":129},[55,88140,126],{"class":109},[55,88142,3953],{"class":65},[55,88144,47425],{"class":1193},[55,88146,86709],{"class":86708},[55,88148,1199],{"class":65},[55,88150,88151,88153,88155,88157,88159,88161],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,88152,1204],{"class":61},[55,88154,66],{"class":65},[55,88156,86815],{"class":86708},[55,88158,29],{"class":65},[55,88160,86725],{"class":318},[55,88162,278],{"class":65},[14,88164,88165],{},"Why it matters:",[240,88167,88168,88171,88174],{},[243,88169,88170],{},"It helps Python read text correctly",[243,88172,88173],{},"It avoids some text decoding problems",[243,88175,88176],{},"It makes your code more consistent across systems",[889,88178,88180],{"id":88179},"newline",[18,88181,88179],{},[14,88183,88184],{},"This is mostly useful when writing CSV files or when you need exact control over line endings.",[14,88186,88187],{},"Beginners usually do not need it for normal text files.",[889,88189,88191],{"id":88190},"buffering",[18,88192,88190],{},[14,88194,88195],{},"This is an advanced argument.",[14,88197,88198],{},"Most beginners can ignore it and use the default.",[41,88200,88202],{"id":88201},"common-errors-when-using-open","Common errors when using open()",[14,88204,88205],{},"Here are some common file-related errors you may see.",[889,88207,88209],{"id":88208},"filenotfounderror",[18,88210,88211],{},"FileNotFoundError",[14,88213,88214],{},"This happens when:",[240,88216,88217,88220,88223],{},[243,88218,88219],{},"the file does not exist",[243,88221,88222],{},"the path is wrong",[243,88224,88225],{},"your program is running from a different folder than you expect",[14,88227,358],{},[46,88229,88231],{"className":48,"code":88230,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"with open(\"missing.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[18,88232,88233,88276],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,88234,88235,88237,88239,88241,88243,88246,88248,88250,88252,88254,88256,88258,88260,88262,88264,88266,88268,88270,88272,88274],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,88236,86667],{"class":1193},[55,88238,86670],{"class":61},[55,88240,66],{"class":65},[55,88242,126],{"class":109},[55,88244,88245],{"class":129},"missing.txt",[55,88247,126],{"class":109},[55,88249,163],{"class":65},[55,88251,793],{"class":109},[55,88253,60577],{"class":129},[55,88255,126],{"class":109},[55,88257,163],{"class":65},[55,88259,86692],{"class":9212},[55,88261,906],{"class":703},[55,88263,126],{"class":109},[55,88265,86699],{"class":129},[55,88267,126],{"class":109},[55,88269,3953],{"class":65},[55,88271,47425],{"class":1193},[55,88273,86709],{"class":86708},[55,88275,1199],{"class":65},[55,88277,88278,88280,88282,88284,88286,88288],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,88279,1204],{"class":61},[55,88281,66],{"class":65},[55,88283,86815],{"class":86708},[55,88285,29],{"class":65},[55,88287,86725],{"class":318},[55,88289,278],{"class":65},[14,88291,88292,88293,4679,88301,29],{},"If you are stuck, see ",[294,88294,88296,88297,88300],{"href":88295},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ffilenotfounderror-errno-2-no-such-file-or-directory-fix\u002F","FileNotFoundError: ",[55,88298,88299],{},"Errno 2"," No such file or directory",[294,88302,88304],{"href":88303},"\u002Flearn\u002Fworking-with-file-paths-in-python\u002F","Working with File Paths in Python",[889,88306,88308],{"id":88307},"permissionerror",[18,88309,88310],{},"PermissionError",[14,88312,88313],{},"This happens when Python does not have permission to access the file.",[14,88315,88316],{},"Example causes:",[240,88318,88319,88322,88325],{},[243,88320,88321],{},"the file is protected",[243,88323,88324],{},"you are trying to write somewhere you should not",[243,88326,88327],{},"another program is blocking access",[14,88329,88330,88331],{},"Related page: ",[294,88332,88334,88335,88338],{"href":88333},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fpermissionerror-errno-13-permission-denied-fix\u002F","PermissionError: ",[55,88336,88337],{},"Errno 13"," Permission denied",[889,88340,88342],{"id":88341},"isadirectoryerror",[18,88343,88344],{},"IsADirectoryError",[14,88346,88347],{},"This happens when you pass a folder path instead of a file path.",[14,88349,358],{},[46,88351,88353],{"className":48,"code":88352,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"with open(\"my_folder\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[18,88354,88355,88398],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,88356,88357,88359,88361,88363,88365,88368,88370,88372,88374,88376,88378,88380,88382,88384,88386,88388,88390,88392,88394,88396],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,88358,86667],{"class":1193},[55,88360,86670],{"class":61},[55,88362,66],{"class":65},[55,88364,126],{"class":109},[55,88366,88367],{"class":129},"my_folder",[55,88369,126],{"class":109},[55,88371,163],{"class":65},[55,88373,793],{"class":109},[55,88375,60577],{"class":129},[55,88377,126],{"class":109},[55,88379,163],{"class":65},[55,88381,86692],{"class":9212},[55,88383,906],{"class":703},[55,88385,126],{"class":109},[55,88387,86699],{"class":129},[55,88389,126],{"class":109},[55,88391,3953],{"class":65},[55,88393,47425],{"class":1193},[55,88395,86709],{"class":86708},[55,88397,1199],{"class":65},[55,88399,88400,88402,88404,88406,88408,88410],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,88401,1204],{"class":61},[55,88403,66],{"class":65},[55,88405,86815],{"class":86708},[55,88407,29],{"class":65},[55,88409,86725],{"class":318},[55,88411,278],{"class":65},[14,88413,88330,88414],{},[294,88415,88417,88418,88421],{"href":88416},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fisadirectoryerror-errno-21-is-a-directory-fix\u002F","IsADirectoryError: ",[55,88419,88420],{},"Errno 21"," Is a directory",[889,88423,88425],{"id":88424},"unicodedecodeerror",[18,88426,88427],{},"UnicodeDecodeError",[14,88429,88430,88431,29],{},"This can happen when the file's real encoding does not match the encoding you used in ",[18,88432,86648],{},[14,88434,88330,88435],{},[294,88436,88438],{"href":88437},"\u002Ferrors\u002Funicodedecodeerror-utf-8-codec-cant-decode-byte-fix\u002F","UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte",[41,88440,88442],{"id":88441},"when-to-use-other-pages","When to use other pages",[14,88444,88445,88446,88448],{},"This page is a reference for the ",[18,88447,86648],{}," function.",[14,88450,88451],{},"Use other pages when you need something more specific:",[240,88453,88454,88457,88460,88466],{},[243,88455,88456],{},"Use a how-to page for a full task, such as reading a file line by line",[243,88458,88459],{},"Use an error page when you already have a specific exception to fix",[243,88461,88462,88463,88465],{},"Use a path page when the real problem is the file location, not ",[18,88464,86648],{}," itself",[243,88467,88468,88469],{},"For a broader introduction, see ",[294,88470,88472],{"href":88471},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-file-handling-basics-read-and-write\u002F","Python File Handling Basics: Read and Write",[41,88474,1586],{"id":1585},[14,88476,88477,88478,790],{},"These are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[18,88479,86648],{},[240,88481,88482,88487,88493,88498,88501,88504],{},[243,88483,1556,88484,88486],{},[18,88485,86746],{}," mode on a file that does not exist",[243,88488,88489,88490,88492],{},"Forgetting to use ",[18,88491,86947],{}," for text files",[243,88494,1556,88495,88497],{},[18,88496,87063],{}," and accidentally deleting old content",[243,88499,88500],{},"Trying to read from a file opened in write mode",[243,88502,88503],{},"Passing a folder path instead of a file path",[243,88505,88506],{},"Using a relative path from the wrong working directory",[14,88508,88509],{},"If you are not sure what Python is trying to open, these quick checks can help:",[46,88511,88513],{"className":48,"code":88512,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"import os\nprint(os.getcwd())\n",[18,88514,88515,88522],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,88516,88517,88519],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,88518,35150],{"class":1193},[55,88520,88521],{"class":902}," os\n",[55,88523,88524,88526,88528,88530,88532,88535],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,88525,62],{"class":61},[55,88527,66],{"class":65},[55,88529,42691],{"class":318},[55,88531,29],{"class":65},[55,88533,88534],{"class":318},"getcwd",[55,88536,278],{"class":65},[14,88538,88539],{},"This shows the current working directory.",[46,88541,88543],{"className":48,"code":88542,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"import os\nprint(os.path.exists(\"example.txt\"))\n",[18,88544,88545,88551],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,88546,88547,88549],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,88548,35150],{"class":1193},[55,88550,88521],{"class":902},[55,88552,88553,88555,88557,88559,88561,88564,88566,88569,88571,88573,88575,88577],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,88554,62],{"class":61},[55,88556,66],{"class":65},[55,88558,42691],{"class":318},[55,88560,29],{"class":65},[55,88562,88563],{"class":24803},"path",[55,88565,29],{"class":65},[55,88567,88568],{"class":318},"exists",[55,88570,66],{"class":65},[55,88572,126],{"class":109},[55,88574,86677],{"class":129},[55,88576,126],{"class":109},[55,88578,79],{"class":65},[14,88580,88581],{},"This checks whether the path exists.",[46,88583,88585],{"className":48,"code":88584,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"import os\nprint(os.path.isfile(\"example.txt\"))\n",[18,88586,88587,88593],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,88588,88589,88591],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,88590,35150],{"class":1193},[55,88592,88521],{"class":902},[55,88594,88595,88597,88599,88601,88603,88605,88607,88610,88612,88614,88616,88618],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,88596,62],{"class":61},[55,88598,66],{"class":65},[55,88600,42691],{"class":318},[55,88602,29],{"class":65},[55,88604,88563],{"class":24803},[55,88606,29],{"class":65},[55,88608,88609],{"class":318},"isfile",[55,88611,66],{"class":65},[55,88613,126],{"class":109},[55,88615,86677],{"class":129},[55,88617,126],{"class":109},[55,88619,79],{"class":65},[14,88621,88622],{},"This checks whether the path is a file.",[46,88624,88626],{"className":48,"code":88625,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[18,88627,88628,88670],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,88629,88630,88632,88634,88636,88638,88640,88642,88644,88646,88648,88650,88652,88654,88656,88658,88660,88662,88664,88666,88668],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,88631,86667],{"class":1193},[55,88633,86670],{"class":61},[55,88635,66],{"class":65},[55,88637,126],{"class":109},[55,88639,86677],{"class":129},[55,88641,126],{"class":109},[55,88643,163],{"class":65},[55,88645,793],{"class":109},[55,88647,60577],{"class":129},[55,88649,126],{"class":109},[55,88651,163],{"class":65},[55,88653,86692],{"class":9212},[55,88655,906],{"class":703},[55,88657,126],{"class":109},[55,88659,86699],{"class":129},[55,88661,126],{"class":109},[55,88663,3953],{"class":65},[55,88665,47425],{"class":1193},[55,88667,86709],{"class":86708},[55,88669,1199],{"class":65},[55,88671,88672,88674,88676,88678,88680,88682],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,88673,1204],{"class":61},[55,88675,66],{"class":65},[55,88677,86815],{"class":86708},[55,88679,29],{"class":65},[55,88681,86725],{"class":318},[55,88683,278],{"class":65},[14,88685,88686],{},"This is a simple test to confirm the file can be opened and read.",[41,88688,2139],{"id":2138},[889,88690,88692],{"id":88691},"what-does-open-return-in-python","What does open() return in Python?",[14,88694,88695],{},"It returns a file object. You use that object to read, write, or close the file.",[889,88697,88699],{"id":88698},"what-is-the-safest-way-to-use-open","What is the safest way to use open()?",[14,88701,88702,88703,88705],{},"Use it inside a ",[18,88704,86667],{}," block so the file closes automatically.",[889,88707,5466,88709,4679,88711,88713],{"id":88708},"what-is-the-difference-between-w-and-a-mode",[18,88710,87063],{},[18,88712,18146],{}," mode?",[14,88715,88716,88718,88719,88721],{},[18,88717,87063],{}," overwrites the file. ",[18,88720,18146],{}," adds new content to the end.",[889,88723,88725],{"id":88724},"why-do-i-get-filenotfounderror-with-open","Why do I get FileNotFoundError with open()?",[14,88727,88728],{},"Usually the file path is wrong, the file does not exist, or your program is running from a different folder than you expect.",[889,88730,88732],{"id":88731},"should-i-always-set-encoding-when-opening-a-text-file","Should I always set encoding when opening a text file?",[14,88734,88735,88736,88738],{},"It is a good habit. ",[18,88737,87043],{}," is a safe default for many text files.",[41,88740,2193],{"id":2192},[240,88742,88743,88747,88751,88755,88759,88763,88767,88773],{},[243,88744,88745],{},[294,88746,87876],{"href":87875},[243,88748,88749],{},[294,88750,88081],{"href":88080},[243,88752,88753],{},[294,88754,88085],{"href":88084},[243,88756,88757],{},[294,88758,87880],{"href":87879},[243,88760,88761],{},[294,88762,88472],{"href":88471},[243,88764,88765],{},[294,88766,88304],{"href":88303},[243,88768,88769],{},[294,88770,88296,88771,88300],{"href":88295},[55,88772,88299],{},[243,88774,88775],{},[294,88776,88334,88777,88338],{"href":88333},[55,88778,88337],{},[2226,88780,88781],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":88783},[88784,88785,88786,88787,88788,88789,88790,88795,88796,88801,88807,88808,88809,88817],{"id":2307,"depth":82,"text":2308},{"id":86750,"depth":82,"text":86751},{"id":2459,"depth":82,"text":2460},{"id":87047,"depth":82,"text":87048},{"id":87311,"depth":82,"text":87312},{"id":87435,"depth":82,"text":87436},{"id":87618,"depth":82,"text":87619,"children":88791},[88792,88793,88794],{"id":87628,"depth":98,"text":87629},{"id":87707,"depth":98,"text":87708},{"id":87790,"depth":98,"text":87791},{"id":87883,"depth":82,"text":87884},{"id":88088,"depth":82,"text":88089,"children":88797},[88798,88799,88800],{"id":88095,"depth":98,"text":87043},{"id":88179,"depth":98,"text":88179},{"id":88190,"depth":98,"text":88190},{"id":88201,"depth":82,"text":88202,"children":88802},[88803,88804,88805,88806],{"id":88208,"depth":98,"text":88211},{"id":88307,"depth":98,"text":88310},{"id":88341,"depth":98,"text":88344},{"id":88424,"depth":98,"text":88427},{"id":88441,"depth":82,"text":88442},{"id":1585,"depth":82,"text":1586},{"id":2138,"depth":82,"text":2139,"children":88810},[88811,88812,88813,88815,88816],{"id":88691,"depth":98,"text":88692},{"id":88698,"depth":98,"text":88699},{"id":88708,"depth":98,"text":88814},"What is the difference between \"w\" and \"a\" mode?",{"id":88724,"depth":98,"text":88725},{"id":88731,"depth":98,"text":88732},{"id":2192,"depth":82,"text":2193},"Master python open function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained",{"title":86638,"description":88818},"reference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained","2NUk1nPkzgPoyQ-eW0tXGQJ5BkMh9G3DaGNf-J4gI50",{"id":88825,"title":88826,"body":88827,"description":90822,"extension":2267,"meta":90823,"navigation":1121,"path":90824,"seo":90825,"stem":90826,"__hash__":90827},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained.md","Python print() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":88828,"toc":90769},[88829,88834,88839,88845,88847,88915,88917,88936,88941,88946,88951,88954,88966,88968,89011,89013,89031,89042,89044,89046,89071,89073,89084,89086,89146,89148,89174,89177,89181,89186,89190,89193,89227,89231,89234,89259,89263,89286,89290,89323,89328,89332,89337,89340,89408,89410,89434,89439,89442,89473,89475,89507,89524,89528,89533,89557,89564,89569,89574,89577,89581,89616,89618,89627,89631,89722,89724,89755,89760,89767,89772,89781,89784,89818,89820,89834,89838,89879,89881,89890,89894,89942,89944,89958,89963,89974,89981,89987,89989,90024,90026,90040,90043,90065,90071,90100,90111,90117,90123,90137,90139,90218,90220,90270,90277,90279,90284,90288,90291,90306,90311,90313,90332,90338,90341,90356,90358,90376,90382,90387,90417,90420,90443,90446,90473,90480,90486,90494,90517,90522,90530,90532,90552,90556,90562,90612,90615,90637,90639,90645,90653,90659,90665,90673,90678,90682,90685,90708,90713,90720,90732,90734,90766],[10,88830,3871,88832,3875],{"id":88831},"python-print-function-explained",[18,88833,46519],{},[14,88835,32374,88836,88838],{},[18,88837,46519],{}," function displays output in the terminal or console. It is one of the first functions beginners learn because it lets you show text, numbers, variable values, and calculation results.",[14,88840,88841,88842,88844],{},"This page explains the basic syntax of ",[18,88843,46519],{},", its most useful optional arguments, and common beginner mistakes.",[41,88846,2308],{"id":2307},[46,88848,88850],{"className":48,"code":88849,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name = \"Mia\"\nage = 12\n\nprint(name)\nprint(age)\nprint(\"Hello\", name)\n",[18,88851,88852,88864,88873,88877,88887,88897],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,88853,88854,88856,88858,88860,88862],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,88855,1004],{"class":902},[55,88857,906],{"class":703},[55,88859,793],{"class":109},[55,88861,1049],{"class":129},[55,88863,1052],{"class":109},[55,88865,88866,88868,88870],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,88867,21680],{"class":902},[55,88869,906],{"class":703},[55,88871,88872],{"class":75}," 12\n",[55,88874,88875],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,88876,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,88878,88879,88881,88883,88885],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,88880,62],{"class":61},[55,88882,66],{"class":65},[55,88884,785],{"class":318},[55,88886,322],{"class":65},[55,88888,88889,88891,88893,88895],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,88890,62],{"class":61},[55,88892,66],{"class":65},[55,88894,9336],{"class":318},[55,88896,322],{"class":65},[55,88898,88899,88901,88903,88905,88907,88909,88911,88913],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,88900,62],{"class":61},[55,88902,66],{"class":65},[55,88904,126],{"class":109},[55,88906,34926],{"class":129},[55,88908,126],{"class":109},[55,88910,163],{"class":65},[55,88912,36052],{"class":318},[55,88914,322],{"class":65},[14,88916,281],{},[46,88918,88920],{"className":48,"code":88919,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Mia\n12\nHello Mia\n",[18,88921,88922,88927,88931],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,88923,88924],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,88925,88926],{"class":902},"Mia\n",[55,88928,88929],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,88930,2529],{"class":75},[55,88932,88933],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,88934,88935],{"class":902},"Hello Mia\n",[14,88937,212,88938,88940],{},[18,88939,46519],{}," to show text, numbers, and variable values on the screen.",[41,88942,3970,88944,3973],{"id":88943},"what-print-does",[18,88945,46519],{},[14,88947,88948,88950],{},[18,88949,46519],{}," sends output to the screen.",[14,88952,88953],{},"You can use it to display:",[240,88955,88956,88958,88960,88963],{},[243,88957,34767],{},[243,88959,332],{},[243,88961,88962],{},"variables",[243,88964,88965],{},"expressions",[14,88967,358],{},[46,88969,88971],{"className":48,"code":88970,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(5)\nprint(2 + 3)\n",[18,88972,88973,88987,88997],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,88974,88975,88977,88979,88981,88983,88985],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,88976,62],{"class":61},[55,88978,66],{"class":65},[55,88980,126],{"class":109},[55,88982,34926],{"class":129},[55,88984,126],{"class":109},[55,88986,322],{"class":65},[55,88988,88989,88991,88993,88995],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,88990,62],{"class":61},[55,88992,66],{"class":65},[55,88994,688],{"class":75},[55,88996,322],{"class":65},[55,88998,88999,89001,89003,89005,89007,89009],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,89000,62],{"class":61},[55,89002,66],{"class":65},[55,89004,707],{"class":75},[55,89006,2756],{"class":703},[55,89008,171],{"class":75},[55,89010,322],{"class":65},[14,89012,281],{},[46,89014,89016],{"className":48,"code":89015,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Hello\n5\n5\n",[18,89017,89018,89023,89027],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,89019,89020],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,89021,89022],{"class":902},"Hello\n",[55,89024,89025],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,89026,3248],{"class":75},[55,89028,89029],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,89030,3248],{"class":75},[14,89032,89033,89034,89036,89037,89041],{},"A very important detail is that ",[18,89035,46519],{}," ",[435,89038,3985,89039],{},[18,89040,481],{},". Its job is to display something, not to give you a value back.",[41,89043,2460],{"id":2459},[14,89045,30781],{},[46,89047,89049],{"className":48,"code":89048,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(object1, object2, ...)\n",[18,89050,89051],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,89052,89053,89055,89057,89060,89062,89065,89067,89069],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,89054,62],{"class":61},[55,89056,66],{"class":65},[55,89058,89059],{"class":318},"object1",[55,89061,163],{"class":65},[55,89063,89064],{"class":318}," object2",[55,89066,163],{"class":65},[55,89068,34512],{"class":61},[55,89070,322],{"class":65},[14,89072,80276],{},[240,89074,89075,89078,89081],{},[243,89076,89077],{},"one value",[243,89079,89080],{},"many values",[243,89082,89083],{},"strings, numbers, variables, or expressions",[14,89085,358],{},[46,89087,89089],{"className":48,"code":89088,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(\"Apple\")\nprint(\"Score:\", 10)\nprint(\"Total:\", 4 + 6)\n",[18,89090,89091,89105,89124],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,89092,89093,89095,89097,89099,89101,89103],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,89094,62],{"class":61},[55,89096,66],{"class":65},[55,89098,126],{"class":109},[55,89100,57839],{"class":129},[55,89102,126],{"class":109},[55,89104,322],{"class":65},[55,89106,89107,89109,89111,89113,89116,89118,89120,89122],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,89108,62],{"class":61},[55,89110,66],{"class":65},[55,89112,126],{"class":109},[55,89114,89115],{"class":129},"Score:",[55,89117,126],{"class":109},[55,89119,163],{"class":65},[55,89121,6283],{"class":75},[55,89123,322],{"class":65},[55,89125,89126,89128,89130,89132,89134,89136,89138,89140,89142,89144],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,89127,62],{"class":61},[55,89129,66],{"class":65},[55,89131,126],{"class":109},[55,89133,45630],{"class":129},[55,89135,126],{"class":109},[55,89137,163],{"class":65},[55,89139,2759],{"class":75},[55,89141,2756],{"class":703},[55,89143,37706],{"class":75},[55,89145,322],{"class":65},[14,89147,281],{},[46,89149,89151],{"className":48,"code":89150,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Apple\nScore: 10\nTotal: 10\n",[18,89152,89153,89157,89166],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,89154,89155],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,89156,85429],{"class":902},[55,89158,89159,89162,89164],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,89160,89161],{"class":902},"Score",[55,89163,790],{"class":65},[55,89165,2890],{"class":75},[55,89167,89168,89170,89172],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,89169,45670],{"class":902},[55,89171,790],{"class":65},[55,89173,2890],{"class":75},[14,89175,89176],{},"In Python 3, the parentheses are required.",[41,89178,89180],{"id":89179},"printing-different-kinds-of-values","Printing different kinds of values",[14,89182,89183,89184,29],{},"You can print several kinds of data with ",[18,89185,46519],{},[889,89187,89189],{"id":89188},"print-text","Print text",[14,89191,89192],{},"Text must be inside quotes.",[46,89194,89196],{"className":48,"code":89195,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"Python is fun\")\n",[18,89197,89198,89212],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,89199,89200,89202,89204,89206,89208,89210],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,89201,62],{"class":61},[55,89203,66],{"class":65},[55,89205,126],{"class":109},[55,89207,34926],{"class":129},[55,89209,126],{"class":109},[55,89211,322],{"class":65},[55,89213,89214,89216,89218,89220,89223,89225],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,89215,62],{"class":61},[55,89217,66],{"class":65},[55,89219,126],{"class":109},[55,89221,89222],{"class":129},"Python is fun",[55,89224,126],{"class":109},[55,89226,322],{"class":65},[889,89228,89230],{"id":89229},"print-numbers","Print numbers",[14,89232,89233],{},"Numbers do not use quotes.",[46,89235,89237],{"className":48,"code":89236,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(5)\nprint(3.14)\n",[18,89238,89239,89249],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,89240,89241,89243,89245,89247],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,89242,62],{"class":61},[55,89244,66],{"class":65},[55,89246,688],{"class":75},[55,89248,322],{"class":65},[55,89250,89251,89253,89255,89257],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,89252,62],{"class":61},[55,89254,66],{"class":65},[55,89256,40207],{"class":75},[55,89258,322],{"class":65},[889,89260,89262],{"id":89261},"print-variables","Print variables",[46,89264,89266],{"className":48,"code":89265,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"score = 99\nprint(score)\n",[18,89267,89268,89276],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,89269,89270,89272,89274],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,89271,5382],{"class":902},[55,89273,906],{"class":703},[55,89275,14177],{"class":75},[55,89277,89278,89280,89282,89284],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,89279,62],{"class":61},[55,89281,66],{"class":65},[55,89283,85593],{"class":318},[55,89285,322],{"class":65},[889,89287,89289],{"id":89288},"print-expressions","Print expressions",[46,89291,89293],{"className":48,"code":89292,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(2 + 3)\nprint(10 * 4)\n",[18,89294,89295,89309],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,89296,89297,89299,89301,89303,89305,89307],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,89298,62],{"class":61},[55,89300,66],{"class":65},[55,89302,707],{"class":75},[55,89304,2756],{"class":703},[55,89306,171],{"class":75},[55,89308,322],{"class":65},[55,89310,89311,89313,89315,89317,89319,89321],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,89312,62],{"class":61},[55,89314,66],{"class":65},[55,89316,376],{"class":75},[55,89318,82905],{"class":703},[55,89320,2759],{"class":75},[55,89322,322],{"class":65},[14,89324,89325,89326,29],{},"If you are not sure what counts as text, see ",[294,89327,51045],{"href":51044},[41,89329,89331],{"id":89330},"using-multiple-arguments","Using multiple arguments",[14,89333,89334,89336],{},[18,89335,46519],{}," can take more than one argument.",[14,89338,89339],{},"By default, Python places a space between them. This is often the easiest way to combine labels and variable values.",[46,89341,89343],{"className":48,"code":89342,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name = \"Ava\"\nage = 10\n\nprint(\"Name:\", name)\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[18,89344,89345,89358,89366,89370,89389],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,89346,89347,89349,89351,89353,89356],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,89348,1004],{"class":902},[55,89350,906],{"class":703},[55,89352,793],{"class":109},[55,89354,89355],{"class":129},"Ava",[55,89357,1052],{"class":109},[55,89359,89360,89362,89364],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,89361,21680],{"class":902},[55,89363,906],{"class":703},[55,89365,2890],{"class":75},[55,89367,89368],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,89369,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,89371,89372,89374,89376,89378,89381,89383,89385,89387],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,89373,62],{"class":61},[55,89375,66],{"class":65},[55,89377,126],{"class":109},[55,89379,89380],{"class":129},"Name:",[55,89382,126],{"class":109},[55,89384,163],{"class":65},[55,89386,36052],{"class":318},[55,89388,322],{"class":65},[55,89390,89391,89393,89395,89397,89400,89402,89404,89406],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,89392,62],{"class":61},[55,89394,66],{"class":65},[55,89396,126],{"class":109},[55,89398,89399],{"class":129},"Age:",[55,89401,126],{"class":109},[55,89403,163],{"class":65},[55,89405,9225],{"class":318},[55,89407,322],{"class":65},[14,89409,281],{},[46,89411,89413],{"className":48,"code":89412,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Name: Ava\nAge: 10\n",[18,89414,89415,89425],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,89416,89417,89420,89422],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,89418,89419],{"class":902},"Name",[55,89421,790],{"class":65},[55,89423,89424],{"class":902}," Ava\n",[55,89426,89427,89430,89432],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,89428,89429],{"class":902},"Age",[55,89431,790],{"class":65},[55,89433,2890],{"class":75},[14,89435,89436,89437,29],{},"This is usually easier for beginners than joining values with ",[18,89438,2363],{},[14,89440,89441],{},"For example, this works:",[46,89443,89445],{"className":48,"code":89444,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[18,89446,89447,89455],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,89448,89449,89451,89453],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,89450,21680],{"class":902},[55,89452,906],{"class":703},[55,89454,2890],{"class":75},[55,89456,89457,89459,89461,89463,89465,89467,89469,89471],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,89458,62],{"class":61},[55,89460,66],{"class":65},[55,89462,126],{"class":109},[55,89464,89399],{"class":129},[55,89466,126],{"class":109},[55,89468,163],{"class":65},[55,89470,9225],{"class":318},[55,89472,322],{"class":65},[14,89474,36988],{},[46,89476,89478],{"className":48,"code":89477,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age: \" + age)\n",[18,89479,89480,89488],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,89481,89482,89484,89486],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,89483,21680],{"class":902},[55,89485,906],{"class":703},[55,89487,2890],{"class":75},[55,89489,89490,89492,89494,89496,89499,89501,89503,89505],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,89491,62],{"class":61},[55,89493,66],{"class":65},[55,89495,126],{"class":109},[55,89497,89498],{"class":129},"Age: ",[55,89500,126],{"class":109},[55,89502,2756],{"class":703},[55,89504,9225],{"class":318},[55,89506,322],{"class":65},[14,89508,89509,89510,89513,89514,89516,89517,89519,89520,29],{},"That fails because ",[18,89511,89512],{},"\"Age: \""," is a string and ",[18,89515,9336],{}," is an integer. If you want to combine them with ",[18,89518,2363],{},", you must first convert the number with ",[294,89521,89522],{"href":42240},[18,89523,47751],{},[41,89525,89527],{"id":89526},"important-optional-arguments","Important optional arguments",[14,89529,89530,89532],{},[18,89531,46519],{}," has a few optional arguments that are especially useful:",[240,89534,89535,89541,89546,89551],{},[243,89536,89537,89540],{},[18,89538,89539],{},"sep"," controls what goes between multiple values",[243,89542,89543,89545],{},[18,89544,52730],{}," controls what is added after the output",[243,89547,89548,89550],{},[18,89549,86815],{}," sends output to a file-like object",[243,89552,89553,89556],{},[18,89554,89555],{},"flush"," forces output to appear immediately",[14,89558,89559,89560,4679,89562,29],{},"The most important ones for beginners are ",[18,89561,89539],{},[18,89563,52730],{},[41,89565,89567,36677],{"id":89566},"sep-argument",[18,89568,89539],{},[14,89570,16,89571,89573],{},[18,89572,89539],{}," argument changes the separator between multiple printed values.",[14,89575,89576],{},"The default separator is a single space.",[889,89578,89580],{"id":89579},"default-behavior","Default behavior",[46,89582,89584],{"className":48,"code":89583,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n",[18,89585,89586],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,89587,89588,89590,89592,89594,89596,89598,89600,89602,89604,89606,89608,89610,89612,89614],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,89589,62],{"class":61},[55,89591,66],{"class":65},[55,89593,126],{"class":109},[55,89595,13138],{"class":129},[55,89597,126],{"class":109},[55,89599,163],{"class":65},[55,89601,793],{"class":109},[55,89603,17505],{"class":129},[55,89605,126],{"class":109},[55,89607,163],{"class":65},[55,89609,793],{"class":109},[55,89611,13155],{"class":129},[55,89613,126],{"class":109},[55,89615,322],{"class":65},[14,89617,281],{},[46,89619,89621],{"className":48,"code":89620,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"red green blue\n",[18,89622,89623],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,89624,89625],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,89626,89620],{"class":902},[889,89628,89630],{"id":89629},"custom-separator","Custom separator",[46,89632,89634],{"className":48,"code":89633,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\",\")\nprint(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\" - \")\n",[18,89635,89636,89679],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,89637,89638,89640,89642,89644,89646,89648,89650,89652,89654,89656,89658,89660,89662,89664,89666,89669,89671,89673,89675,89677],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,89639,62],{"class":61},[55,89641,66],{"class":65},[55,89643,126],{"class":109},[55,89645,13138],{"class":129},[55,89647,126],{"class":109},[55,89649,163],{"class":65},[55,89651,793],{"class":109},[55,89653,17505],{"class":129},[55,89655,126],{"class":109},[55,89657,163],{"class":65},[55,89659,793],{"class":109},[55,89661,13155],{"class":129},[55,89663,126],{"class":109},[55,89665,163],{"class":65},[55,89667,89668],{"class":9212}," sep",[55,89670,906],{"class":703},[55,89672,126],{"class":109},[55,89674,163],{"class":129},[55,89676,126],{"class":109},[55,89678,322],{"class":65},[55,89680,89681,89683,89685,89687,89689,89691,89693,89695,89697,89699,89701,89703,89705,89707,89709,89711,89713,89715,89718,89720],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,89682,62],{"class":61},[55,89684,66],{"class":65},[55,89686,126],{"class":109},[55,89688,13138],{"class":129},[55,89690,126],{"class":109},[55,89692,163],{"class":65},[55,89694,793],{"class":109},[55,89696,17505],{"class":129},[55,89698,126],{"class":109},[55,89700,163],{"class":65},[55,89702,793],{"class":109},[55,89704,13155],{"class":129},[55,89706,126],{"class":109},[55,89708,163],{"class":65},[55,89710,89668],{"class":9212},[55,89712,906],{"class":703},[55,89714,126],{"class":109},[55,89716,89717],{"class":129}," - ",[55,89719,126],{"class":109},[55,89721,322],{"class":65},[14,89723,281],{},[46,89725,89727],{"className":48,"code":89726,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"red,green,blue\nred - green - blue\n",[18,89728,89729,89741],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,89730,89731,89733,89735,89737,89739],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,89732,13138],{"class":902},[55,89734,163],{"class":65},[55,89736,17505],{"class":902},[55,89738,163],{"class":65},[55,89740,70054],{"class":902},[55,89742,89743,89746,89748,89751,89753],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,89744,89745],{"class":902},"red ",[55,89747,704],{"class":703},[55,89749,89750],{"class":902}," green ",[55,89752,704],{"class":703},[55,89754,35941],{"class":902},[14,89756,89757,89759],{},[18,89758,89539],{}," only matters when you print more than one argument.",[14,89761,89762,89763,29],{},"This is useful for simple formatting without building one long string yourself. If you want more control over formatting, see ",[294,89764,89766],{"href":89765},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-format-strings-in-python\u002F","how to format strings in Python",[41,89768,89770,36677],{"id":89769},"end-argument",[18,89771,52730],{},[14,89773,89774,89775,89777,89778,89780],{},"By default, ",[18,89776,46519],{}," ends with a newline. That means the next ",[18,89779,46519],{}," starts on a new line.",[889,89782,89580],{"id":89783},"default-behavior-1",[46,89785,89787],{"className":48,"code":89786,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[18,89788,89789,89803],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,89790,89791,89793,89795,89797,89799,89801],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,89792,62],{"class":61},[55,89794,66],{"class":65},[55,89796,126],{"class":109},[55,89798,34926],{"class":129},[55,89800,126],{"class":109},[55,89802,322],{"class":65},[55,89804,89805,89807,89809,89811,89814,89816],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,89806,62],{"class":61},[55,89808,66],{"class":65},[55,89810,126],{"class":109},[55,89812,89813],{"class":129},"World",[55,89815,126],{"class":109},[55,89817,322],{"class":65},[14,89819,281],{},[46,89821,89823],{"className":48,"code":89822,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Hello\nWorld\n",[18,89824,89825,89829],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,89826,89827],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,89828,89022],{"class":902},[55,89830,89831],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,89832,89833],{"class":902},"World\n",[889,89835,89837],{"id":89836},"stay-on-the-same-line","Stay on the same line",[46,89839,89841],{"className":48,"code":89840,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[18,89842,89843,89865],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,89844,89845,89847,89849,89851,89853,89855,89857,89859,89861,89863],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,89846,62],{"class":61},[55,89848,66],{"class":65},[55,89850,126],{"class":109},[55,89852,34926],{"class":129},[55,89854,126],{"class":109},[55,89856,163],{"class":65},[55,89858,65113],{"class":9212},[55,89860,906],{"class":703},[55,89862,110],{"class":109},[55,89864,322],{"class":65},[55,89866,89867,89869,89871,89873,89875,89877],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,89868,62],{"class":61},[55,89870,66],{"class":65},[55,89872,126],{"class":109},[55,89874,89813],{"class":129},[55,89876,126],{"class":109},[55,89878,322],{"class":65},[14,89880,281],{},[46,89882,89884],{"className":48,"code":89883,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"HelloWorld\n",[18,89885,89886],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,89887,89888],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,89889,89883],{"class":902},[889,89891,89893],{"id":89892},"add-a-custom-ending","Add a custom ending",[46,89895,89897],{"className":48,"code":89896,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"!\\n\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[18,89898,89899,89928],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,89900,89901,89903,89905,89907,89909,89911,89913,89915,89917,89919,89922,89924,89926],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,89902,62],{"class":61},[55,89904,66],{"class":65},[55,89906,126],{"class":109},[55,89908,34926],{"class":129},[55,89910,126],{"class":109},[55,89912,163],{"class":65},[55,89914,65113],{"class":9212},[55,89916,906],{"class":703},[55,89918,126],{"class":109},[55,89920,89921],{"class":129},"!",[55,89923,87226],{"class":34511},[55,89925,126],{"class":109},[55,89927,322],{"class":65},[55,89929,89930,89932,89934,89936,89938,89940],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,89931,62],{"class":61},[55,89933,66],{"class":65},[55,89935,126],{"class":109},[55,89937,89813],{"class":129},[55,89939,126],{"class":109},[55,89941,322],{"class":65},[14,89943,281],{},[46,89945,89947],{"className":48,"code":89946,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Hello!\nWorld\n",[18,89948,89949,89954],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,89950,89951],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,89952,89953],{"class":902},"Hello!\n",[55,89955,89956],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,89957,89833],{"class":902},[14,89959,16,89960,89962],{},[18,89961,52730],{}," argument is useful for:",[240,89964,89965,89968,89971],{},[243,89966,89967],{},"progress messages",[243,89969,89970],{},"inline output",[243,89972,89973],{},"custom punctuation at the end of printed text",[41,89975,89977,1265,89979],{"id":89976},"print-returns-none",[18,89978,46519],{},[18,89980,481],{},[14,89982,89983,89984,89986],{},"A common beginner mistake is expecting ",[18,89985,46519],{}," to return the text it shows.",[14,89988,358],{},[46,89990,89992],{"className":48,"code":89991,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"result = print(\"Hi\")\nprint(result)\n",[18,89993,89994,90014],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,89995,89996,89998,90000,90003,90005,90007,90010,90012],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,89997,2534],{"class":902},[55,89999,906],{"class":703},[55,90001,90002],{"class":61}," print",[55,90004,66],{"class":65},[55,90006,126],{"class":109},[55,90008,90009],{"class":129},"Hi",[55,90011,126],{"class":109},[55,90013,322],{"class":65},[55,90015,90016,90018,90020,90022],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,90017,62],{"class":61},[55,90019,66],{"class":65},[55,90021,2569],{"class":318},[55,90023,322],{"class":65},[14,90025,281],{},[46,90027,90029],{"className":48,"code":90028,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Hi\nNone\n",[18,90030,90031,90036],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,90032,90033],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,90034,90035],{"class":902},"Hi\n",[55,90037,90038],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,90039,11851],{"class":187},[14,90041,90042],{},"Why does this happen?",[240,90044,90045,90053,90058],{},[243,90046,90047,90050,90051],{},[18,90048,90049],{},"print(\"Hi\")"," displays ",[18,90052,90009],{},[243,90054,90055,90056],{},"but the function itself returns ",[18,90057,481],{},[243,90059,90060,90061,11963,90063],{},"so ",[18,90062,2569],{},[18,90064,481],{},[14,90066,90067,90068,90070],{},"If you need to keep a value, assign the value itself instead of the ",[18,90069,46519],{}," call.",[46,90072,90074],{"className":48,"code":90073,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"message = \"Hi\"\nprint(message)\n",[18,90075,90076,90089],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,90077,90078,90081,90083,90085,90087],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,90079,90080],{"class":902},"message ",[55,90082,906],{"class":703},[55,90084,793],{"class":109},[55,90086,90009],{"class":129},[55,90088,1052],{"class":109},[55,90090,90091,90093,90095,90098],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,90092,62],{"class":61},[55,90094,66],{"class":65},[55,90096,90097],{"class":318},"message",[55,90099,322],{"class":65},[14,90101,90102,90103,90105,90106,90110],{},"This idea becomes clearer when you compare ",[18,90104,46519],{}," with functions like ",[294,90107,90108],{"href":1356},[18,90109,1359],{},", which do return a value.",[41,90112,90114,90115],{"id":90113},"when-beginners-use-print","When beginners use ",[18,90116,46519],{},[14,90118,90119,90120,90122],{},"Beginners use ",[18,90121,46519],{}," in many simple but important ways:",[240,90124,90125,90128,90131,90134],{},[243,90126,90127],{},"to display results to the user",[243,90129,90130],{},"to show messages in a script",[243,90132,90133],{},"to check variable values while debugging",[243,90135,90136],{},"to inspect loops and function behavior",[14,90138,358],{},[46,90140,90142],{"className":48,"code":90141,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"total = 0\n\nfor number in range(1, 4):\n    total += number\n    print(\"Current number:\", number, \"Total:\", total)\n",[18,90143,90144,90152,90156,90176,90187],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,90145,90146,90148,90150],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,90147,41247],{"class":902},[55,90149,906],{"class":703},[55,90151,38576],{"class":75},[55,90153,90154],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,90155,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,90157,90158,90160,90162,90164,90166,90168,90170,90172,90174],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,90159,6236],{"class":1193},[55,90161,6663],{"class":902},[55,90163,4168],{"class":1193},[55,90165,54140],{"class":61},[55,90167,66],{"class":65},[55,90169,93],{"class":75},[55,90171,163],{"class":65},[55,90173,2759],{"class":75},[55,90175,1480],{"class":65},[55,90177,90178,90181,90184],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,90179,90180],{"class":902},"    total ",[55,90182,90183],{"class":703},"+=",[55,90185,90186],{"class":902}," number\n",[55,90188,90189,90191,90193,90195,90198,90200,90202,90204,90206,90208,90210,90212,90214,90216],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,90190,1204],{"class":61},[55,90192,66],{"class":65},[55,90194,126],{"class":109},[55,90196,90197],{"class":129},"Current number:",[55,90199,126],{"class":109},[55,90201,163],{"class":65},[55,90203,2501],{"class":318},[55,90205,163],{"class":65},[55,90207,793],{"class":109},[55,90209,45630],{"class":129},[55,90211,126],{"class":109},[55,90213,163],{"class":65},[55,90215,45637],{"class":318},[55,90217,322],{"class":65},[14,90219,281],{},[46,90221,90223],{"className":48,"code":90222,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Current number: 1 Total: 1\nCurrent number: 2 Total: 3\nCurrent number: 3 Total: 6\n",[18,90224,90225,90241,90255],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,90226,90227,90230,90232,90234,90237,90239],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,90228,90229],{"class":902},"Current number",[55,90231,790],{"class":65},[55,90233,5782],{"class":75},[55,90235,90236],{"class":902}," Total",[55,90238,790],{"class":65},[55,90240,29670],{"class":75},[55,90242,90243,90245,90247,90249,90251,90253],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,90244,90229],{"class":902},[55,90246,790],{"class":65},[55,90248,166],{"class":75},[55,90250,90236],{"class":902},[55,90252,790],{"class":65},[55,90254,2880],{"class":75},[55,90256,90257,90259,90261,90263,90265,90267],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,90258,90229],{"class":902},[55,90260,790],{"class":65},[55,90262,171],{"class":75},[55,90264,90236],{"class":902},[55,90266,790],{"class":65},[55,90268,90269],{"class":75}," 6\n",[14,90271,90272,90273,29],{},"This kind of output is very helpful when you are trying to understand what your code is doing. For more debugging help, see ",[294,90274,90276],{"href":90275},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-debug-python-code-beginner-guide\u002F","how to debug Python code",[41,90278,1586],{"id":1585},[14,90280,90281,90282,29],{},"Here are some common beginner problems when using ",[18,90283,46519],{},[889,90285,90287],{"id":90286},"forgetting-quotes-around-text","Forgetting quotes around text",[14,90289,90290],{},"This causes Python to think the word is a variable name.",[46,90292,90294],{"className":48,"code":90293,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(Hello)\n",[18,90295,90296],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,90297,90298,90300,90302,90304],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,90299,62],{"class":61},[55,90301,66],{"class":65},[55,90303,34926],{"class":318},[55,90305,322],{"class":65},[14,90307,2029,90308,90310],{},[18,90309,34926],{}," is not defined, Python raises an error.",[14,90312,10847],{},[46,90314,90316],{"className":48,"code":90315,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(\"Hello\")\n",[18,90317,90318],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,90319,90320,90322,90324,90326,90328,90330],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,90321,62],{"class":61},[55,90323,66],{"class":65},[55,90325,126],{"class":109},[55,90327,34926],{"class":129},[55,90329,126],{"class":109},[55,90331,322],{"class":65},[889,90333,1556,90335,90337],{"id":90334},"using-print-without-parentheses-in-python-3",[18,90336,62],{}," without parentheses in Python 3",[14,90339,90340],{},"This is incorrect in Python 3:",[46,90342,90344],{"className":48,"code":90343,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print \"Hello\"\n",[18,90345,90346],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,90347,90348,90350,90352,90354],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,90349,62],{"class":61},[55,90351,793],{"class":109},[55,90353,34926],{"class":129},[55,90355,1052],{"class":109},[14,90357,10847],{},[46,90359,90360],{"className":48,"code":90315,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,90361,90362],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,90363,90364,90366,90368,90370,90372,90374],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,90365,62],{"class":61},[55,90367,66],{"class":65},[55,90369,126],{"class":109},[55,90371,34926],{"class":129},[55,90373,126],{"class":109},[55,90375,322],{"class":65},[889,90377,90379,90380],{"id":90378},"trying-to-join-strings-and-numbers-with","Trying to join strings and numbers with ",[18,90381,2363],{},[14,90383,90384,90385,29],{},"This causes a ",[18,90386,3303],{},[46,90388,90389],{"className":48,"code":89477,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,90390,90391,90399],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,90392,90393,90395,90397],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,90394,21680],{"class":902},[55,90396,906],{"class":703},[55,90398,2890],{"class":75},[55,90400,90401,90403,90405,90407,90409,90411,90413,90415],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,90402,62],{"class":61},[55,90404,66],{"class":65},[55,90406,126],{"class":109},[55,90408,89498],{"class":129},[55,90410,126],{"class":109},[55,90412,2756],{"class":703},[55,90414,9225],{"class":318},[55,90416,322],{"class":65},[14,90418,90419],{},"Fix it by using multiple arguments:",[46,90421,90423],{"className":48,"code":90422,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(\"Age:\", age)\n",[18,90424,90425],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,90426,90427,90429,90431,90433,90435,90437,90439,90441],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,90428,62],{"class":61},[55,90430,66],{"class":65},[55,90432,126],{"class":109},[55,90434,89399],{"class":129},[55,90436,126],{"class":109},[55,90438,163],{"class":65},[55,90440,9225],{"class":318},[55,90442,322],{"class":65},[14,90444,90445],{},"Or convert the number first:",[46,90447,90449],{"className":48,"code":90448,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(\"Age: \" + str(age))\n",[18,90450,90451],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,90452,90453,90455,90457,90459,90461,90463,90465,90467,90469,90471],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,90454,62],{"class":61},[55,90456,66],{"class":65},[55,90458,126],{"class":109},[55,90460,89498],{"class":129},[55,90462,126],{"class":109},[55,90464,2756],{"class":703},[55,90466,48972],{"class":69},[55,90468,66],{"class":65},[55,90470,9336],{"class":318},[55,90472,79],{"class":65},[14,90474,90475,90476,29],{},"If you see this error, read ",[294,90477,90479],{"href":90478},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-can-only-concatenate-str-not-int-to-str-fix\u002F","TypeError: can only concatenate str not int to str",[889,90481,1595,90483,90485],{"id":90482},"expecting-print-to-return-a-value",[18,90484,46519],{}," to return a value",[14,90487,90488,90489,35389,90492,790],{},"This does not store ",[18,90490,90491],{},"\"Hello\"",[18,90493,2569],{},[46,90495,90497],{"className":48,"code":90496,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"result = print(\"Hello\")\n",[18,90498,90499],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,90500,90501,90503,90505,90507,90509,90511,90513,90515],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,90502,2534],{"class":902},[55,90504,906],{"class":703},[55,90506,90002],{"class":61},[55,90508,66],{"class":65},[55,90510,126],{"class":109},[55,90512,34926],{"class":129},[55,90514,126],{"class":109},[55,90516,322],{"class":65},[14,90518,90519,90520,29],{},"It stores ",[18,90521,481],{},[889,90523,90525,90526,4679,90528],{"id":90524},"misunderstanding-sep-and-end","Misunderstanding ",[18,90527,89539],{},[18,90529,52730],{},[14,90531,85885],{},[240,90533,90534,90543],{},[243,90535,90536,90538,90539,90542],{},[18,90537,89539],{}," changes what goes ",[435,90540,90541],{},"between"," multiple values",[243,90544,90545,90547,90548,90551],{},[18,90546,52730],{}," changes what appears ",[435,90549,90550],{},"after"," the output",[41,90553,90555],{"id":90554},"useful-debugging-commands","Useful debugging commands",[14,90557,90558,90559,90561],{},"These simple ",[18,90560,46519],{}," examples can help you inspect your code:",[46,90563,90565],{"className":48,"code":90564,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)\nprint(type(variable_name))\nhelp(print)\n",[18,90566,90567,90587,90602],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,90568,90569,90571,90573,90575,90578,90580,90582,90585],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,90570,62],{"class":61},[55,90572,66],{"class":65},[55,90574,126],{"class":109},[55,90576,90577],{"class":129},"Debug:",[55,90579,126],{"class":109},[55,90581,163],{"class":65},[55,90583,90584],{"class":318}," variable_name",[55,90586,322],{"class":65},[55,90588,90589,90591,90593,90595,90597,90600],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,90590,62],{"class":61},[55,90592,66],{"class":65},[55,90594,1879],{"class":69},[55,90596,66],{"class":65},[55,90598,90599],{"class":318},"variable_name",[55,90601,79],{"class":65},[55,90603,90604,90606,90608,90610],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,90605,32209],{"class":61},[55,90607,66],{"class":65},[55,90609,62],{"class":61},[55,90611,322],{"class":65},[14,90613,90614],{},"What they do:",[240,90616,90617,90623,90629],{},[243,90618,90619,90622],{},[18,90620,90621],{},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)"," shows the current value",[243,90624,90625,90628],{},[18,90626,90627],{},"print(type(variable_name))"," shows the value's type",[243,90630,90631,90634,90635],{},[18,90632,90633],{},"help(print)"," shows Python's built-in help for ",[18,90636,46519],{},[41,90638,2139],{"id":2138},[889,90640,12748,90642,90644],{"id":90641},"does-print-add-a-new-line-automatically",[18,90643,46519],{}," add a new line automatically?",[14,90646,90647,90648,90650,90651,36683],{},"Yes. By default, ",[18,90649,46519],{}," ends with a newline. You can change this with the ",[18,90652,52730],{},[889,90654,5456,90656,90658],{"id":90655},"can-print-show-more-than-one-value",[18,90657,46519],{}," show more than one value?",[14,90660,90661,90662,90664],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple arguments, and ",[18,90663,46519],{}," separates them with a space by default.",[889,90666,5444,90668,5447,90671,2794],{"id":90667},"why-does-printhello-return-none",[18,90669,90670],{},"print(\"Hello\")",[18,90672,481],{},[14,90674,29116,90675,90677],{},[18,90676,46519],{}," is used for displaying output, not for returning data.",[889,90679,90681],{"id":90680},"how-do-i-print-text-and-a-number-together","How do I print text and a number together?",[14,90683,90684],{},"Use multiple arguments:",[46,90686,90688],{"className":48,"code":90687,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(\"Age:\", 10)\n",[18,90689,90690],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,90691,90692,90694,90696,90698,90700,90702,90704,90706],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,90693,62],{"class":61},[55,90695,66],{"class":65},[55,90697,126],{"class":109},[55,90699,89399],{"class":129},[55,90701,126],{"class":109},[55,90703,163],{"class":65},[55,90705,6283],{"class":75},[55,90707,322],{"class":65},[14,90709,90710,90711,39993],{},"You can also convert the number with ",[18,90712,47751],{},[889,90714,5466,90716,4679,90718,2794],{"id":90715},"what-is-the-difference-between-sep-and-end",[18,90717,89539],{},[18,90719,52730],{},[240,90721,90722,90727],{},[243,90723,90724,90726],{},[18,90725,89539],{}," changes the separator between multiple values",[243,90728,90729,90731],{},[18,90730,52730],{}," changes what appears after the output",[41,90733,2193],{"id":2192},[240,90735,90736,90740,90746,90752,90757,90762],{},[243,90737,90738],{},[294,90739,51045],{"href":51044},[243,90741,90742],{},[294,90743,3871,90744,3804],{"href":1356},[18,90745,1359],{},[243,90747,90748],{},[294,90749,3871,90750,3804],{"href":42240},[18,90751,47751],{},[243,90753,90754],{},[294,90755,90756],{"href":89765},"How to format strings in Python",[243,90758,90759],{},[294,90760,90761],{"href":90275},"How to debug Python code",[243,90763,90764],{},[294,90765,90479],{"href":90478},[2226,90767,90768],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":90770},[90771,90772,90774,90775,90781,90782,90783,90788,90794,90796,90798,90809,90810,90821],{"id":2307,"depth":82,"text":2308},{"id":88943,"depth":82,"text":90773},"What print() does",{"id":2459,"depth":82,"text":2460},{"id":89179,"depth":82,"text":89180,"children":90776},[90777,90778,90779,90780],{"id":89188,"depth":98,"text":89189},{"id":89229,"depth":98,"text":89230},{"id":89261,"depth":98,"text":89262},{"id":89288,"depth":98,"text":89289},{"id":89330,"depth":82,"text":89331},{"id":89526,"depth":82,"text":89527},{"id":89566,"depth":82,"text":90784,"children":90785},"sep argument",[90786,90787],{"id":89579,"depth":98,"text":89580},{"id":89629,"depth":98,"text":89630},{"id":89769,"depth":82,"text":90789,"children":90790},"end argument",[90791,90792,90793],{"id":89783,"depth":98,"text":89580},{"id":89836,"depth":98,"text":89837},{"id":89892,"depth":98,"text":89893},{"id":89976,"depth":82,"text":90795},"print() returns None",{"id":90113,"depth":82,"text":90797},"When beginners use print()",{"id":1585,"depth":82,"text":1586,"children":90799},[90800,90801,90803,90805,90807],{"id":90286,"depth":98,"text":90287},{"id":90334,"depth":98,"text":90802},"Using print without parentheses in Python 3",{"id":90378,"depth":98,"text":90804},"Trying to join strings and numbers with +",{"id":90482,"depth":98,"text":90806},"Expecting print() to return a value",{"id":90524,"depth":98,"text":90808},"Misunderstanding sep and end",{"id":90554,"depth":82,"text":90555},{"id":2138,"depth":82,"text":2139,"children":90811},[90812,90814,90816,90818,90819],{"id":90641,"depth":98,"text":90813},"Does print() add a new line automatically?",{"id":90655,"depth":98,"text":90815},"Can print() show more than one value?",{"id":90667,"depth":98,"text":90817},"Why does print(\"Hello\") return None?",{"id":90680,"depth":98,"text":90681},{"id":90715,"depth":98,"text":90820},"What is the difference between sep and end?",{"id":2192,"depth":82,"text":2193},"Master python print function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained",{"title":88826,"description":90822},"reference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained","ahZWQtbTzoCwOmu5w2Uese6Ncgk-ftfLLIvMyuu3nQc",{"id":90829,"title":90830,"body":90831,"description":93135,"extension":2267,"meta":93136,"navigation":1121,"path":93137,"seo":93138,"stem":93139,"__hash__":93140},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained.md","Python range() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":90832,"toc":93081},[90833,90838,90843,90856,90858,90923,90934,90939,90944,90946,90969,90972,91003,91005,91022,91027,91033,91038,91087,91090,91107,91113,91118,91141,91143,91171,91177,91185,91212,91214,91239,91245,91248,91279,91281,91310,91314,91317,91322,91344,91346,91374,91380,91386,91412,91414,91438,91444,91450,91480,91482,91510,91520,91524,91530,91563,91565,91594,91597,91600,91633,91635,91643,91649,91651,91674,91679,91688,91693,91707,91709,91749,91751,91781,91785,91820,91826,91830,91874,91876,91906,91912,91915,91994,91996,92018,92026,92029,92092,92100,92175,92181,92188,92193,92198,92221,92223,92244,92246,92259,92261,92308,92310,92349,92358,92360,92364,92368,92371,92398,92401,92430,92433,92457,92460,92468,92474,92496,92498,92526,92530,92535,92590,92595,92597,92654,92661,92670,92673,92705,92707,92715,92718,92724,92726,92749,92752,92758,92761,92780,92782,92801,92804,92826,92828,92856,92860,92864,92969,92971,92984,92986,92992,92995,93003,93008,93014,93020,93025,93033,93039,93046,93048,93078],[10,90834,3871,90836,3875],{"id":90835},"python-range-function-explained",[18,90837,36259],{},[14,90839,32374,90840,90842],{},[18,90841,36259],{}," function creates a sequence of numbers.",[14,90844,90845,90846,90848,90849,90851,90852,90855],{},"Beginners usually use it in ",[18,90847,6236],{}," loops to repeat something a certain number of times or to work with number patterns. A very important detail is that ",[18,90850,36259],{}," stops ",[435,90853,90854],{},"before"," the end value.",[41,90857,2308],{"id":2307},[46,90859,90861],{"className":48,"code":90860,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n\n# Output:\n# 0\n# 1\n# 2\n# 3\n# 4\n",[18,90862,90863,90879,90889,90893,90898,90903,90908,90913,90918],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,90864,90865,90867,90869,90871,90873,90875,90877],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,90866,6236],{"class":1193},[55,90868,69621],{"class":902},[55,90870,4168],{"class":1193},[55,90872,54140],{"class":61},[55,90874,66],{"class":65},[55,90876,688],{"class":75},[55,90878,1480],{"class":65},[55,90880,90881,90883,90885,90887],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,90882,1204],{"class":61},[55,90884,66],{"class":65},[55,90886,36215],{"class":318},[55,90888,322],{"class":65},[55,90890,90891],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,90892,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,90894,90895],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,90896,90897],{"class":3956},"# Output:\n",[55,90899,90900],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,90901,90902],{"class":3956},"# 0\n",[55,90904,90905],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,90906,90907],{"class":3956},"# 1\n",[55,90909,90910],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,90911,90912],{"class":3956},"# 2\n",[55,90914,90915],{"class":57,"line":582},[55,90916,90917],{"class":3956},"# 3\n",[55,90919,90920],{"class":57,"line":6706},[55,90921,90922],{"class":3956},"# 4\n",[14,90924,90925,90928,90929,90931,90932,29],{},[18,90926,90927],{},"range(5)"," creates numbers starting at ",[18,90930,76],{}," and stopping before ",[18,90933,688],{},[41,90935,3970,90937,3973],{"id":90936},"what-range-does",[18,90938,36259],{},[14,90940,90941,90943],{},[18,90942,36259],{}," is used to generate numbers in order.",[14,90945,13097],{},[240,90947,90948,90953,90959,90964],{},[243,90949,90950,90952],{},[18,90951,36259],{}," creates a sequence of numbers",[243,90954,90955,90956,90958],{},"It is commonly used with ",[18,90957,6236],{}," loops",[243,90960,90961,90962],{},"The stop value is ",[435,90963,65142],{},[243,90965,17471,90966,90968],{},[18,90967,60070],{}," object, not a regular list",[14,90970,90971],{},"You will often see it with a loop like this:",[46,90973,90975],{"className":48,"code":90974,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"for number in range(3):\n    print(number)\n",[18,90976,90977,90993],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,90978,90979,90981,90983,90985,90987,90989,90991],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,90980,6236],{"class":1193},[55,90982,6663],{"class":902},[55,90984,4168],{"class":1193},[55,90986,54140],{"class":61},[55,90988,66],{"class":65},[55,90990,2366],{"class":75},[55,90992,1480],{"class":65},[55,90994,90995,90997,90999,91001],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,90996,1204],{"class":61},[55,90998,66],{"class":65},[55,91000,2544],{"class":318},[55,91002,322],{"class":65},[14,91004,281],{},[46,91006,91008],{"className":48,"code":91007,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"0\n1\n2\n",[18,91009,91010,91014,91018],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,91011,91012],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,91013,47319],{"class":75},[55,91015,91016],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,91017,46984],{"class":75},[55,91019,91020],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,91021,17105],{"class":75},[14,91023,91024,91025,29],{},"If you are still learning loops, see ",[294,91026,36089],{"href":36088},[41,91028,91030,91032],{"id":91029},"range-syntax",[18,91031,36259],{}," syntax",[14,91034,91035,91037],{},[18,91036,36259],{}," has three common forms:",[46,91039,91041],{"className":48,"code":91040,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"range(stop)\nrange(start, stop)\nrange(start, stop, step)\n",[18,91042,91043,91053,91068],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,91044,91045,91047,91049,91051],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,91046,60070],{"class":61},[55,91048,66],{"class":65},[55,91050,75499],{"class":318},[55,91052,322],{"class":65},[55,91054,91055,91057,91059,91061,91063,91066],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,91056,60070],{"class":61},[55,91058,66],{"class":65},[55,91060,36133],{"class":318},[55,91062,163],{"class":65},[55,91064,91065],{"class":318}," stop",[55,91067,322],{"class":65},[55,91069,91070,91072,91074,91076,91078,91080,91082,91085],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,91071,60070],{"class":61},[55,91073,66],{"class":65},[55,91075,36133],{"class":318},[55,91077,163],{"class":65},[55,91079,91065],{"class":318},[55,91081,163],{"class":65},[55,91083,91084],{"class":318}," step",[55,91086,322],{"class":65},[14,91088,91089],{},"Meaning of each argument:",[240,91091,91092,91097,91102],{},[243,91093,91094,91096],{},[18,91095,36133],{}," = first number",[243,91098,91099,91101],{},[18,91100,75499],{}," = end limit, not included",[243,91103,91104,91106],{},[18,91105,75502],{}," = amount to move each time",[889,91108,91110],{"id":91109},"rangestop",[18,91111,91112],{},"range(stop)",[14,91114,91115,91116,29],{},"When you give one value, Python treats it as the stop value and starts from ",[18,91117,76],{},[46,91119,91121],{"className":48,"code":91120,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(list(range(5)))\n",[18,91122,91123],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,91124,91125,91127,91129,91131,91133,91135,91137,91139],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,91126,62],{"class":61},[55,91128,66],{"class":65},[55,91130,1229],{"class":69},[55,91132,66],{"class":65},[55,91134,60070],{"class":61},[55,91136,66],{"class":65},[55,91138,688],{"class":75},[55,91140,769],{"class":65},[14,91142,281],{},[46,91144,91145],{"className":48,"code":60093,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,91146,91147],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,91148,91149,91151,91153,91155,91157,91159,91161,91163,91165,91167,91169],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,91150,4186],{"class":65},[55,91152,76],{"class":75},[55,91154,163],{"class":65},[55,91156,5782],{"class":75},[55,91158,163],{"class":65},[55,91160,166],{"class":75},[55,91162,163],{"class":65},[55,91164,171],{"class":75},[55,91166,163],{"class":65},[55,91168,2759],{"class":75},[55,91170,924],{"class":65},[889,91172,91174],{"id":91173},"rangestart-stop",[18,91175,91176],{},"range(start, stop)",[14,91178,91179,91180,91182,91183,29],{},"This starts at ",[18,91181,36133],{}," and stops before ",[18,91184,75499],{},[46,91186,91188],{"className":48,"code":91187,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(list(range(2, 6)))\n",[18,91189,91190],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,91191,91192,91194,91196,91198,91200,91202,91204,91206,91208,91210],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,91193,62],{"class":61},[55,91195,66],{"class":65},[55,91197,1229],{"class":69},[55,91199,66],{"class":65},[55,91201,60070],{"class":61},[55,91203,66],{"class":65},[55,91205,707],{"class":75},[55,91207,163],{"class":65},[55,91209,37706],{"class":75},[55,91211,769],{"class":65},[14,91213,281],{},[46,91215,91217],{"className":48,"code":91216,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[18,91218,91219],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,91220,91221,91223,91225,91227,91229,91231,91233,91235,91237],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,91222,4186],{"class":65},[55,91224,707],{"class":75},[55,91226,163],{"class":65},[55,91228,171],{"class":75},[55,91230,163],{"class":65},[55,91232,2759],{"class":75},[55,91234,163],{"class":65},[55,91236,4890],{"class":75},[55,91238,924],{"class":65},[889,91240,91242],{"id":91241},"rangestart-stop-step",[18,91243,91244],{},"range(start, stop, step)",[14,91246,91247],{},"This also lets you control how much the value changes each time.",[46,91249,91251],{"className":48,"code":91250,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(list(range(1, 10, 2)))\n",[18,91252,91253],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,91254,91255,91257,91259,91261,91263,91265,91267,91269,91271,91273,91275,91277],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,91256,62],{"class":61},[55,91258,66],{"class":65},[55,91260,1229],{"class":69},[55,91262,66],{"class":65},[55,91264,60070],{"class":61},[55,91266,66],{"class":65},[55,91268,93],{"class":75},[55,91270,163],{"class":65},[55,91272,6283],{"class":75},[55,91274,163],{"class":65},[55,91276,166],{"class":75},[55,91278,769],{"class":65},[14,91280,281],{},[46,91282,91284],{"className":48,"code":91283,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]\n",[18,91285,91286],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,91287,91288,91290,91292,91294,91296,91298,91300,91302,91304,91306,91308],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,91289,4186],{"class":65},[55,91291,93],{"class":75},[55,91293,163],{"class":65},[55,91295,171],{"class":75},[55,91297,163],{"class":65},[55,91299,4890],{"class":75},[55,91301,163],{"class":65},[55,91303,6272],{"class":75},[55,91305,163],{"class":65},[55,91307,54206],{"class":75},[55,91309,924],{"class":65},[41,91311,91313],{"id":91312},"how-the-arguments-work","How the arguments work",[14,91315,91316],{},"Here are the most common patterns beginners use.",[889,91318,91320],{"id":91319},"range5",[18,91321,90927],{},[46,91323,91324],{"className":48,"code":91120,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,91325,91326],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,91327,91328,91330,91332,91334,91336,91338,91340,91342],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,91329,62],{"class":61},[55,91331,66],{"class":65},[55,91333,1229],{"class":69},[55,91335,66],{"class":65},[55,91337,60070],{"class":61},[55,91339,66],{"class":65},[55,91341,688],{"class":75},[55,91343,769],{"class":65},[14,91345,281],{},[46,91347,91348],{"className":48,"code":60093,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,91349,91350],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,91351,91352,91354,91356,91358,91360,91362,91364,91366,91368,91370,91372],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,91353,4186],{"class":65},[55,91355,76],{"class":75},[55,91357,163],{"class":65},[55,91359,5782],{"class":75},[55,91361,163],{"class":65},[55,91363,166],{"class":75},[55,91365,163],{"class":65},[55,91367,171],{"class":75},[55,91369,163],{"class":65},[55,91371,2759],{"class":75},[55,91373,924],{"class":65},[14,91375,91179,91376,91182,91378,29],{},[18,91377,76],{},[18,91379,688],{},[889,91381,91383],{"id":91382},"range2-6",[18,91384,91385],{},"range(2, 6)",[46,91387,91388],{"className":48,"code":91187,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,91389,91390],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,91391,91392,91394,91396,91398,91400,91402,91404,91406,91408,91410],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,91393,62],{"class":61},[55,91395,66],{"class":65},[55,91397,1229],{"class":69},[55,91399,66],{"class":65},[55,91401,60070],{"class":61},[55,91403,66],{"class":65},[55,91405,707],{"class":75},[55,91407,163],{"class":65},[55,91409,37706],{"class":75},[55,91411,769],{"class":65},[14,91413,281],{},[46,91415,91416],{"className":48,"code":91216,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,91417,91418],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,91419,91420,91422,91424,91426,91428,91430,91432,91434,91436],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,91421,4186],{"class":65},[55,91423,707],{"class":75},[55,91425,163],{"class":65},[55,91427,171],{"class":75},[55,91429,163],{"class":65},[55,91431,2759],{"class":75},[55,91433,163],{"class":65},[55,91435,4890],{"class":75},[55,91437,924],{"class":65},[14,91439,91179,91440,91182,91442,29],{},[18,91441,707],{},[18,91443,80667],{},[889,91445,91447],{"id":91446},"range1-10-2",[18,91448,91449],{},"range(1, 10, 2)",[46,91451,91452],{"className":48,"code":91250,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,91453,91454],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,91455,91456,91458,91460,91462,91464,91466,91468,91470,91472,91474,91476,91478],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,91457,62],{"class":61},[55,91459,66],{"class":65},[55,91461,1229],{"class":69},[55,91463,66],{"class":65},[55,91465,60070],{"class":61},[55,91467,66],{"class":65},[55,91469,93],{"class":75},[55,91471,163],{"class":65},[55,91473,6283],{"class":75},[55,91475,163],{"class":65},[55,91477,166],{"class":75},[55,91479,769],{"class":65},[14,91481,281],{},[46,91483,91484],{"className":48,"code":91283,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,91485,91486],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,91487,91488,91490,91492,91494,91496,91498,91500,91502,91504,91506,91508],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,91489,4186],{"class":65},[55,91491,93],{"class":75},[55,91493,163],{"class":65},[55,91495,171],{"class":75},[55,91497,163],{"class":65},[55,91499,4890],{"class":75},[55,91501,163],{"class":65},[55,91503,6272],{"class":75},[55,91505,163],{"class":65},[55,91507,54206],{"class":75},[55,91509,924],{"class":65},[14,91511,91512,91513,91515,91516,61373,91518,29],{},"This moves by ",[18,91514,707],{}," each time, so it gives odd numbers from ",[18,91517,93],{},[18,91519,2446],{},[889,91521,91523],{"id":91522},"using-a-negative-step","Using a negative step",[14,91525,91526,91527,91529],{},"A negative step makes ",[18,91528,36259],{}," count backward.",[46,91531,91533],{"className":48,"code":91532,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(list(range(5, 0, -1)))\n",[18,91534,91535],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,91536,91537,91539,91541,91543,91545,91547,91549,91551,91553,91555,91557,91559,91561],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,91538,62],{"class":61},[55,91540,66],{"class":65},[55,91542,1229],{"class":69},[55,91544,66],{"class":65},[55,91546,60070],{"class":61},[55,91548,66],{"class":65},[55,91550,688],{"class":75},[55,91552,163],{"class":65},[55,91554,4121],{"class":75},[55,91556,163],{"class":65},[55,91558,2526],{"class":703},[55,91560,93],{"class":75},[55,91562,769],{"class":65},[14,91564,281],{},[46,91566,91568],{"className":48,"code":91567,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]\n",[18,91569,91570],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,91571,91572,91574,91576,91578,91580,91582,91584,91586,91588,91590,91592],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,91573,4186],{"class":65},[55,91575,688],{"class":75},[55,91577,163],{"class":65},[55,91579,2759],{"class":75},[55,91581,163],{"class":65},[55,91583,171],{"class":75},[55,91585,163],{"class":65},[55,91587,166],{"class":75},[55,91589,163],{"class":65},[55,91591,5782],{"class":75},[55,91593,924],{"class":65},[14,91595,91596],{},"This works because the numbers move downward.",[14,91598,91599],{},"If the direction does not match the step, you may get an empty result:",[46,91601,91603],{"className":48,"code":91602,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(list(range(1, 5, -1)))\n",[18,91604,91605],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,91606,91607,91609,91611,91613,91615,91617,91619,91621,91623,91625,91627,91629,91631],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,91608,62],{"class":61},[55,91610,66],{"class":65},[55,91612,1229],{"class":69},[55,91614,66],{"class":65},[55,91616,60070],{"class":61},[55,91618,66],{"class":65},[55,91620,93],{"class":75},[55,91622,163],{"class":65},[55,91624,4890],{"class":75},[55,91626,163],{"class":65},[55,91628,2526],{"class":703},[55,91630,93],{"class":75},[55,91632,769],{"class":65},[14,91634,281],{},[46,91636,91637],{"className":48,"code":38360,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,91638,91639],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,91640,91641],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,91642,38360],{"class":65},[889,91644,91645,76662,91647],{"id":76886},[18,91646,75502],{},[18,91648,76],{},[14,91650,3139],{},[46,91652,91654],{"className":48,"code":91653,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"range(1, 5, 0)\n",[18,91655,91656],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,91657,91658,91660,91662,91664,91666,91668,91670,91672],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,91659,60070],{"class":61},[55,91661,66],{"class":65},[55,91663,93],{"class":75},[55,91665,163],{"class":65},[55,91667,4890],{"class":75},[55,91669,163],{"class":65},[55,91671,4121],{"class":75},[55,91673,322],{"class":65},[14,91675,76931,91676,91678],{},[18,91677,40768],{}," because it cannot move by zero.",[41,91680,1556,91682,91684,91685,91687],{"id":91681},"using-range-in-a-for-loop",[18,91683,36259],{}," in a ",[18,91686,6236],{}," loop",[14,91689,91690,91692],{},[18,91691,36259],{}," is most useful when:",[240,91694,91695,91698,91701],{},[243,91696,91697],{},"You want to repeat something a set number of times",[243,91699,91700],{},"You need the current number in each loop",[243,91702,91703,91704],{},"You are using the common pattern ",[18,91705,91706],{},"for i in range(n)",[14,91708,358],{},[46,91710,91712],{"className":48,"code":91711,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"for i in range(3):\n    print(\"Loop number:\", i)\n",[18,91713,91714,91730],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,91715,91716,91718,91720,91722,91724,91726,91728],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,91717,6236],{"class":1193},[55,91719,69621],{"class":902},[55,91721,4168],{"class":1193},[55,91723,54140],{"class":61},[55,91725,66],{"class":65},[55,91727,2366],{"class":75},[55,91729,1480],{"class":65},[55,91731,91732,91734,91736,91738,91741,91743,91745,91747],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,91733,1204],{"class":61},[55,91735,66],{"class":65},[55,91737,126],{"class":109},[55,91739,91740],{"class":129},"Loop number:",[55,91742,126],{"class":109},[55,91744,163],{"class":65},[55,91746,36190],{"class":318},[55,91748,322],{"class":65},[14,91750,281],{},[46,91752,91754],{"className":48,"code":91753,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Loop number: 0\nLoop number: 1\nLoop number: 2\n",[18,91755,91756,91765,91773],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,91757,91758,91761,91763],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,91759,91760],{"class":902},"Loop number",[55,91762,790],{"class":65},[55,91764,38576],{"class":75},[55,91766,91767,91769,91771],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,91768,91760],{"class":902},[55,91770,790],{"class":65},[55,91772,29670],{"class":75},[55,91774,91775,91777,91779],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,91776,91760],{"class":902},[55,91778,790],{"class":65},[55,91780,45656],{"class":75},[889,91782,91784],{"id":91783},"repeating-something-a-fixed-number-of-times","Repeating something a fixed number of times",[46,91786,91788],{"className":48,"code":91787,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"for i in range(5):\n    print(\"Hello\")\n",[18,91789,91790,91806],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,91791,91792,91794,91796,91798,91800,91802,91804],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,91793,6236],{"class":1193},[55,91795,69621],{"class":902},[55,91797,4168],{"class":1193},[55,91799,54140],{"class":61},[55,91801,66],{"class":65},[55,91803,688],{"class":75},[55,91805,1480],{"class":65},[55,91807,91808,91810,91812,91814,91816,91818],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,91809,1204],{"class":61},[55,91811,66],{"class":65},[55,91813,126],{"class":109},[55,91815,34926],{"class":129},[55,91817,126],{"class":109},[55,91819,322],{"class":65},[14,91821,91822,91823,91825],{},"This prints ",[18,91824,90491],{}," five times.",[889,91827,91829],{"id":91828},"using-the-current-number","Using the current number",[46,91831,91833],{"className":48,"code":91832,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"for i in range(1, 4):\n    print(\"Current number is\", i)\n",[18,91834,91835,91855],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,91836,91837,91839,91841,91843,91845,91847,91849,91851,91853],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,91838,6236],{"class":1193},[55,91840,69621],{"class":902},[55,91842,4168],{"class":1193},[55,91844,54140],{"class":61},[55,91846,66],{"class":65},[55,91848,93],{"class":75},[55,91850,163],{"class":65},[55,91852,2759],{"class":75},[55,91854,1480],{"class":65},[55,91856,91857,91859,91861,91863,91866,91868,91870,91872],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,91858,1204],{"class":61},[55,91860,66],{"class":65},[55,91862,126],{"class":109},[55,91864,91865],{"class":129},"Current number is",[55,91867,126],{"class":109},[55,91869,163],{"class":65},[55,91871,36190],{"class":318},[55,91873,322],{"class":65},[14,91875,281],{},[46,91877,91879],{"className":48,"code":91878,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Current number is 1\nCurrent number is 2\nCurrent number is 3\n",[18,91880,91881,91890,91898],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,91882,91883,91886,91888],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,91884,91885],{"class":902},"Current number ",[55,91887,12237],{"class":703},[55,91889,29670],{"class":75},[55,91891,91892,91894,91896],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,91893,91885],{"class":902},[55,91895,12237],{"class":703},[55,91897,45656],{"class":75},[55,91899,91900,91902,91904],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,91901,91885],{"class":902},[55,91903,12237],{"class":703},[55,91905,2880],{"class":75},[889,91907,91909,91911],{"id":91908},"range-and-indexing",[18,91910,36259],{}," and indexing",[14,91913,91914],{},"You may see code like this:",[46,91916,91918],{"className":48,"code":91917,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(items)):\n    print(i, items[i])\n",[18,91919,91920,91952,91956,91976],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,91921,91922,91924,91926,91928,91930,91932,91934,91936,91938,91940,91942,91944,91946,91948,91950],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,91923,903],{"class":902},[55,91925,906],{"class":703},[55,91927,909],{"class":65},[55,91929,126],{"class":109},[55,91931,294],{"class":129},[55,91933,126],{"class":109},[55,91935,163],{"class":65},[55,91937,793],{"class":109},[55,91939,5046],{"class":129},[55,91941,126],{"class":109},[55,91943,163],{"class":65},[55,91945,793],{"class":109},[55,91947,9777],{"class":129},[55,91949,126],{"class":109},[55,91951,924],{"class":65},[55,91953,91954],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,91955,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,91957,91958,91960,91962,91964,91966,91968,91970,91972,91974],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,91959,6236],{"class":1193},[55,91961,69621],{"class":902},[55,91963,4168],{"class":1193},[55,91965,54140],{"class":61},[55,91967,66],{"class":65},[55,91969,11202],{"class":61},[55,91971,66],{"class":65},[55,91973,937],{"class":318},[55,91975,69636],{"class":65},[55,91977,91978,91980,91982,91984,91986,91988,91990,91992],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,91979,1204],{"class":61},[55,91981,66],{"class":65},[55,91983,36215],{"class":318},[55,91985,163],{"class":65},[55,91987,6244],{"class":318},[55,91989,4186],{"class":65},[55,91991,36215],{"class":318},[55,91993,4174],{"class":65},[14,91995,281],{},[46,91997,91998],{"className":48,"code":36227,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,91999,92000,92006,92012],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,92001,92002,92004],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,92003,76],{"class":75},[55,92005,36236],{"class":902},[55,92007,92008,92010],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,92009,93],{"class":75},[55,92011,36243],{"class":902},[55,92013,92014,92016],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,92015,707],{"class":75},[55,92017,36250],{"class":902},[14,92019,92020,92021,92025],{},"This works, and it uses ",[294,92022,92023],{"href":42423},[18,92024,42426],{}," to get the number of items.",[14,92027,92028],{},"But for beginners, direct looping is often simpler:",[46,92030,92032],{"className":48,"code":92031,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor item in items:\n    print(item)\n",[18,92033,92034,92066,92070,92082],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,92035,92036,92038,92040,92042,92044,92046,92048,92050,92052,92054,92056,92058,92060,92062,92064],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,92037,903],{"class":902},[55,92039,906],{"class":703},[55,92041,909],{"class":65},[55,92043,126],{"class":109},[55,92045,294],{"class":129},[55,92047,126],{"class":109},[55,92049,163],{"class":65},[55,92051,793],{"class":109},[55,92053,5046],{"class":129},[55,92055,126],{"class":109},[55,92057,163],{"class":65},[55,92059,793],{"class":109},[55,92061,9777],{"class":129},[55,92063,126],{"class":109},[55,92065,924],{"class":65},[55,92067,92068],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,92069,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,92071,92072,92074,92076,92078,92080],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,92073,6236],{"class":1193},[55,92075,6239],{"class":902},[55,92077,4168],{"class":1193},[55,92079,6244],{"class":902},[55,92081,1199],{"class":65},[55,92083,92084,92086,92088,92090],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,92085,1204],{"class":61},[55,92087,66],{"class":65},[55,92089,23363],{"class":318},[55,92091,322],{"class":65},[14,92093,36654,92094,92099],{},[294,92095,92097],{"href":92096},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained\u002F",[18,92098,35809],{}," is usually a better choice:",[46,92101,92103],{"className":48,"code":92102,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor index, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(index, item)\n",[18,92104,92105,92137,92141,92161],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,92106,92107,92109,92111,92113,92115,92117,92119,92121,92123,92125,92127,92129,92131,92133,92135],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,92108,903],{"class":902},[55,92110,906],{"class":703},[55,92112,909],{"class":65},[55,92114,126],{"class":109},[55,92116,294],{"class":129},[55,92118,126],{"class":109},[55,92120,163],{"class":65},[55,92122,793],{"class":109},[55,92124,5046],{"class":129},[55,92126,126],{"class":109},[55,92128,163],{"class":65},[55,92130,793],{"class":109},[55,92132,9777],{"class":129},[55,92134,126],{"class":109},[55,92136,924],{"class":65},[55,92138,92139],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,92140,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,92142,92143,92145,92147,92149,92151,92153,92155,92157,92159],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,92144,6236],{"class":1193},[55,92146,35881],{"class":902},[55,92148,163],{"class":65},[55,92150,6239],{"class":902},[55,92152,4168],{"class":1193},[55,92154,35891],{"class":61},[55,92156,66],{"class":65},[55,92158,937],{"class":318},[55,92160,1480],{"class":65},[55,92162,92163,92165,92167,92169,92171,92173],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,92164,1204],{"class":61},[55,92166,66],{"class":65},[55,92168,35906],{"class":318},[55,92170,163],{"class":65},[55,92172,29562],{"class":318},[55,92174,322],{"class":65},[14,92176,79191,92177,29],{},[294,92178,36667,92179,36670],{"href":36666},[18,92180,35809],{},[41,92182,92184,92185,92187],{"id":92183},"converting-range-to-a-list","Converting ",[18,92186,36259],{}," to a list",[14,92189,92190,92192],{},[18,92191,36259],{}," does not directly show all numbers as a normal list.",[14,92194,92195,92196,790],{},"To see the values, convert it with ",[18,92197,24834],{},[46,92199,92201],{"className":48,"code":92200,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(list(range(3)))\n",[18,92202,92203],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,92204,92205,92207,92209,92211,92213,92215,92217,92219],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,92206,62],{"class":61},[55,92208,66],{"class":65},[55,92210,1229],{"class":69},[55,92212,66],{"class":65},[55,92214,60070],{"class":61},[55,92216,66],{"class":65},[55,92218,2366],{"class":75},[55,92220,769],{"class":65},[14,92222,281],{},[46,92224,92226],{"className":48,"code":92225,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[0, 1, 2]\n",[18,92227,92228],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,92229,92230,92232,92234,92236,92238,92240,92242],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,92231,4186],{"class":65},[55,92233,76],{"class":75},[55,92235,163],{"class":65},[55,92237,5782],{"class":75},[55,92239,163],{"class":65},[55,92241,166],{"class":75},[55,92243,924],{"class":65},[14,92245,33369],{},[240,92247,92248,92253,92256],{},[243,92249,92250,92251,42150],{},"learning how ",[18,92252,36259],{},[243,92254,92255],{},"checking your values",[243,92257,92258],{},"debugging code",[14,92260,5756],{},[46,92262,92264],{"className":48,"code":92263,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = range(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(list(numbers))\n",[18,92265,92266,92280,92284,92294],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,92267,92268,92270,92272,92274,92276,92278],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,92269,1168],{"class":902},[55,92271,906],{"class":703},[55,92273,54140],{"class":61},[55,92275,66],{"class":65},[55,92277,2807],{"class":75},[55,92279,322],{"class":65},[55,92281,92282],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,92283,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,92285,92286,92288,92290,92292],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,92287,62],{"class":61},[55,92289,66],{"class":65},[55,92291,332],{"class":318},[55,92293,322],{"class":65},[55,92295,92296,92298,92300,92302,92304,92306],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,92297,62],{"class":61},[55,92299,66],{"class":65},[55,92301,1229],{"class":69},[55,92303,66],{"class":65},[55,92305,332],{"class":318},[55,92307,79],{"class":65},[14,92309,281],{},[46,92311,92313],{"className":48,"code":92312,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"range(0, 4)\n[0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[18,92314,92315,92329],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,92316,92317,92319,92321,92323,92325,92327],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,92318,60070],{"class":61},[55,92320,66],{"class":65},[55,92322,76],{"class":75},[55,92324,163],{"class":65},[55,92326,2759],{"class":75},[55,92328,322],{"class":65},[55,92330,92331,92333,92335,92337,92339,92341,92343,92345,92347],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,92332,4186],{"class":65},[55,92334,76],{"class":75},[55,92336,163],{"class":65},[55,92338,5782],{"class":75},[55,92340,163],{"class":65},[55,92342,166],{"class":75},[55,92344,163],{"class":65},[55,92346,171],{"class":75},[55,92348,924],{"class":65},[14,92350,92351,92352,10624,92354,92357],{},"If you want to understand this difference more clearly, see Python ",[18,92353,60070],{},[18,92355,92356],{},"list(range)"," explained.",[41,92359,4803],{"id":4802},[14,92361,33598,92362,29],{},[18,92363,36259],{},[889,92365,92367],{"id":92366},"expecting-the-stop-value-to-be-included","Expecting the stop value to be included",[14,92369,92370],{},"Many beginners think this:",[46,92372,92374],{"className":48,"code":92373,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(list(range(1, 5)))\n",[18,92375,92376],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,92377,92378,92380,92382,92384,92386,92388,92390,92392,92394,92396],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,92379,62],{"class":61},[55,92381,66],{"class":65},[55,92383,1229],{"class":69},[55,92385,66],{"class":65},[55,92387,60070],{"class":61},[55,92389,66],{"class":65},[55,92391,93],{"class":75},[55,92393,163],{"class":65},[55,92395,4890],{"class":75},[55,92397,769],{"class":65},[14,92399,92400],{},"will produce:",[46,92402,92404],{"className":48,"code":92403,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[18,92405,92406],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,92407,92408,92410,92412,92414,92416,92418,92420,92422,92424,92426,92428],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,92409,4186],{"class":65},[55,92411,93],{"class":75},[55,92413,163],{"class":65},[55,92415,166],{"class":75},[55,92417,163],{"class":65},[55,92419,171],{"class":75},[55,92421,163],{"class":65},[55,92423,2759],{"class":75},[55,92425,163],{"class":65},[55,92427,4890],{"class":75},[55,92429,924],{"class":65},[14,92431,92432],{},"But the real output is:",[46,92434,92435],{"className":48,"code":53575,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,92436,92437],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,92438,92439,92441,92443,92445,92447,92449,92451,92453,92455],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,92440,4186],{"class":65},[55,92442,93],{"class":75},[55,92444,163],{"class":65},[55,92446,166],{"class":75},[55,92448,163],{"class":65},[55,92450,171],{"class":75},[55,92452,163],{"class":65},[55,92454,2759],{"class":75},[55,92456,924],{"class":65},[14,92458,92459],{},"The stop value is excluded.",[889,92461,4864,92463,92465,92466],{"id":92462},"assuming-range5-starts-at-1",[18,92464,90927],{}," starts at ",[18,92467,93],{},[14,92469,37530,92470,19014,92472,29],{},[18,92471,76],{},[18,92473,93],{},[46,92475,92476],{"className":48,"code":91120,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,92477,92478],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,92479,92480,92482,92484,92486,92488,92490,92492,92494],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,92481,62],{"class":61},[55,92483,66],{"class":65},[55,92485,1229],{"class":69},[55,92487,66],{"class":65},[55,92489,60070],{"class":61},[55,92491,66],{"class":65},[55,92493,688],{"class":75},[55,92495,769],{"class":65},[14,92497,281],{},[46,92499,92500],{"className":48,"code":60093,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,92501,92502],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,92503,92504,92506,92508,92510,92512,92514,92516,92518,92520,92522,92524],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,92505,4186],{"class":65},[55,92507,76],{"class":75},[55,92509,163],{"class":65},[55,92511,5782],{"class":75},[55,92513,163],{"class":65},[55,92515,166],{"class":75},[55,92517,163],{"class":65},[55,92519,171],{"class":75},[55,92521,163],{"class":65},[55,92523,2759],{"class":75},[55,92525,924],{"class":65},[889,92527,92529],{"id":92528},"using-a-string-instead-of-an-integer","Using a string instead of an integer",[14,92531,92532,92533,790],{},"This often happens with ",[18,92534,1359],{},[46,92536,92538],{"className":48,"code":92537,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"user_number = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[18,92539,92540,92559,92563,92580],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,92541,92542,92545,92547,92549,92551,92553,92555,92557],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,92543,92544],{"class":902},"user_number ",[55,92546,906],{"class":703},[55,92548,1380],{"class":61},[55,92550,66],{"class":65},[55,92552,126],{"class":109},[55,92554,41936],{"class":129},[55,92556,126],{"class":109},[55,92558,322],{"class":65},[55,92560,92561],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,92562,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,92564,92565,92567,92569,92571,92573,92575,92578],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,92566,6236],{"class":1193},[55,92568,69621],{"class":902},[55,92570,4168],{"class":1193},[55,92572,54140],{"class":61},[55,92574,66],{"class":65},[55,92576,92577],{"class":318},"user_number",[55,92579,1480],{"class":65},[55,92581,92582,92584,92586,92588],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,92583,1204],{"class":61},[55,92585,66],{"class":65},[55,92587,36215],{"class":318},[55,92589,322],{"class":65},[14,92591,48578,92592,92594],{},[18,92593,1359],{}," returns a string.",[14,92596,10847],{},[46,92598,92600],{"className":48,"code":92599,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"user_number = int(input(\"Enter a number: \"))\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[18,92601,92602,92624,92628,92644],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,92603,92604,92606,92608,92610,92612,92614,92616,92618,92620,92622],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,92605,92544],{"class":902},[55,92607,906],{"class":703},[55,92609,45343],{"class":69},[55,92611,66],{"class":65},[55,92613,42528],{"class":61},[55,92615,66],{"class":65},[55,92617,126],{"class":109},[55,92619,41936],{"class":129},[55,92621,126],{"class":109},[55,92623,79],{"class":65},[55,92625,92626],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,92627,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,92629,92630,92632,92634,92636,92638,92640,92642],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,92631,6236],{"class":1193},[55,92633,69621],{"class":902},[55,92635,4168],{"class":1193},[55,92637,54140],{"class":61},[55,92639,66],{"class":65},[55,92641,92577],{"class":318},[55,92643,1480],{"class":65},[55,92645,92646,92648,92650,92652],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,92647,1204],{"class":61},[55,92649,66],{"class":65},[55,92651,36215],{"class":318},[55,92653,322],{"class":65},[14,92655,92656,92657,29],{},"If you see an error here, read ",[294,92658,50592,92659],{"href":50591},[18,92660,50595],{},[889,92662,92664,92665,92667,92668],{"id":92663},"using-a-negative-step-with-start-smaller-than-stop","Using a negative step with ",[18,92666,36133],{}," smaller than ",[18,92669,75499],{},[14,92671,92672],{},"This does not count backward correctly:",[46,92674,92675],{"className":48,"code":91602,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,92676,92677],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,92678,92679,92681,92683,92685,92687,92689,92691,92693,92695,92697,92699,92701,92703],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,92680,62],{"class":61},[55,92682,66],{"class":65},[55,92684,1229],{"class":69},[55,92686,66],{"class":65},[55,92688,60070],{"class":61},[55,92690,66],{"class":65},[55,92692,93],{"class":75},[55,92694,163],{"class":65},[55,92696,4890],{"class":75},[55,92698,163],{"class":65},[55,92700,2526],{"class":703},[55,92702,93],{"class":75},[55,92704,769],{"class":65},[14,92706,281],{},[46,92708,92709],{"className":48,"code":38360,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,92710,92711],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,92712,92713],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,92714,38360],{"class":65},[14,92716,92717],{},"If the step is negative, the start usually needs to be larger than the stop.",[889,92719,25670,92721],{"id":92720},"trying-to-use-step-0",[18,92722,92723],{},"step = 0",[14,92725,77642],{},[46,92727,92729],{"className":48,"code":92728,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"range(1, 10, 0)\n",[18,92730,92731],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,92732,92733,92735,92737,92739,92741,92743,92745,92747],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,92734,60070],{"class":61},[55,92736,66],{"class":65},[55,92738,93],{"class":75},[55,92740,163],{"class":65},[55,92742,6283],{"class":75},[55,92744,163],{"class":65},[55,92746,4121],{"class":75},[55,92748,322],{"class":65},[14,92750,92751],{},"Python raises an error because the sequence cannot move.",[889,92753,4989,92755,92757],{"id":92754},"forgetting-that-range-is-not-a-list",[18,92756,36259],{}," is not a list",[14,92759,92760],{},"This can confuse beginners when printing values:",[46,92762,92764],{"className":48,"code":92763,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(range(5))\n",[18,92765,92766],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,92767,92768,92770,92772,92774,92776,92778],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,92769,62],{"class":61},[55,92771,66],{"class":65},[55,92773,60070],{"class":61},[55,92775,66],{"class":65},[55,92777,688],{"class":75},[55,92779,79],{"class":65},[14,92781,281],{},[46,92783,92785],{"className":48,"code":92784,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"range(0, 5)\n",[18,92786,92787],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,92788,92789,92791,92793,92795,92797,92799],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,92790,60070],{"class":61},[55,92792,66],{"class":65},[55,92794,76],{"class":75},[55,92796,163],{"class":65},[55,92798,4890],{"class":75},[55,92800,322],{"class":65},[14,92802,92803],{},"To see the numbers, use:",[46,92805,92806],{"className":48,"code":91120,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,92807,92808],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,92809,92810,92812,92814,92816,92818,92820,92822,92824],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,92811,62],{"class":61},[55,92813,66],{"class":65},[55,92815,1229],{"class":69},[55,92817,66],{"class":65},[55,92819,60070],{"class":61},[55,92821,66],{"class":65},[55,92823,688],{"class":75},[55,92825,769],{"class":65},[14,92827,281],{},[46,92829,92830],{"className":48,"code":60093,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,92831,92832],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,92833,92834,92836,92838,92840,92842,92844,92846,92848,92850,92852,92854],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,92835,4186],{"class":65},[55,92837,76],{"class":75},[55,92839,163],{"class":65},[55,92841,5782],{"class":75},[55,92843,163],{"class":65},[55,92845,166],{"class":75},[55,92847,163],{"class":65},[55,92849,171],{"class":75},[55,92851,163],{"class":65},[55,92853,2759],{"class":75},[55,92855,924],{"class":65},[41,92857,92859],{"id":92858},"useful-checks-while-debugging","Useful checks while debugging",[14,92861,2029,92862,82413],{},[18,92863,36259],{},[46,92865,92867],{"className":48,"code":92866,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(list(range(2, 8)))\nprint(list(range(10, 0, -2)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\n",[18,92868,92869,92883,92901,92923,92951],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,92870,92871,92873,92875,92877,92879,92881],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,92872,62],{"class":61},[55,92874,66],{"class":65},[55,92876,60070],{"class":61},[55,92878,66],{"class":65},[55,92880,688],{"class":75},[55,92882,79],{"class":65},[55,92884,92885,92887,92889,92891,92893,92895,92897,92899],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,92886,62],{"class":61},[55,92888,66],{"class":65},[55,92890,1229],{"class":69},[55,92892,66],{"class":65},[55,92894,60070],{"class":61},[55,92896,66],{"class":65},[55,92898,688],{"class":75},[55,92900,769],{"class":65},[55,92902,92903,92905,92907,92909,92911,92913,92915,92917,92919,92921],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,92904,62],{"class":61},[55,92906,66],{"class":65},[55,92908,1229],{"class":69},[55,92910,66],{"class":65},[55,92912,60070],{"class":61},[55,92914,66],{"class":65},[55,92916,707],{"class":75},[55,92918,163],{"class":65},[55,92920,6636],{"class":75},[55,92922,769],{"class":65},[55,92924,92925,92927,92929,92931,92933,92935,92937,92939,92941,92943,92945,92947,92949],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,92926,62],{"class":61},[55,92928,66],{"class":65},[55,92930,1229],{"class":69},[55,92932,66],{"class":65},[55,92934,60070],{"class":61},[55,92936,66],{"class":65},[55,92938,376],{"class":75},[55,92940,163],{"class":65},[55,92942,4121],{"class":75},[55,92944,163],{"class":65},[55,92946,2526],{"class":703},[55,92948,707],{"class":75},[55,92950,769],{"class":65},[55,92952,92953,92955,92957,92959,92961,92963,92965,92967],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,92954,62],{"class":61},[55,92956,66],{"class":65},[55,92958,1879],{"class":69},[55,92960,66],{"class":65},[55,92962,60070],{"class":61},[55,92964,66],{"class":65},[55,92966,688],{"class":75},[55,92968,769],{"class":65},[14,92970,26062],{},[240,92972,92973,92976,92979],{},[243,92974,92975],{},"what values are being created",[243,92977,92978],{},"whether the direction is correct",[243,92980,92981,92982,24670],{},"whether you are working with a ",[18,92983,60070],{},[41,92985,2139],{"id":2138},[889,92987,12748,92989,92991],{"id":92988},"does-range-include-the-last-number",[18,92990,36259],{}," include the last number?",[14,92993,92994],{},"No. The stop value is excluded.",[889,92996,5444,92998,93000,93001,2794],{"id":92997},"why-does-range5-start-at-0",[18,92999,90927],{}," start at ",[18,93002,76],{},[14,93004,93005,93006,29],{},"When only one argument is given, Python uses it as the stop value and starts from ",[18,93007,76],{},[889,93009,5456,93011,93013],{"id":93010},"can-range-count-backward",[18,93012,36259],{}," count backward?",[14,93015,93016,93017,29],{},"Yes. Use a negative step, such as ",[18,93018,93019],{},"range(5, 0, -1)",[889,93021,14950,93023,26097],{"id":93022},"is-range-a-list",[18,93024,36259],{},[14,93026,26100,93027,93029,93030,23991],{},[18,93028,60070],{}," object. Use ",[18,93031,93032],{},"list(range(...))",[889,93034,5444,93036,48752],{"id":93035},"why-does-rangeinput-fail",[18,93037,93038],{},"range(input())",[14,93040,93041,3779,93043,29],{},[18,93042,1359],{},[18,93044,93045],{},"int(input())",[41,93047,2193],{"id":2192},[240,93049,93050,93054,93060,93066,93072],{},[243,93051,93052],{},[294,93053,36089],{"href":36088},[243,93055,93056],{},[294,93057,3871,93058,3804],{"href":42423},[18,93059,42426],{},[243,93061,93062],{},[294,93063,3871,93064,3804],{"href":92096},[18,93065,35809],{},[243,93067,93068],{},[294,93069,37581,93070,36670],{"href":36666},[18,93071,35809],{},[243,93073,93074],{},[294,93075,50592,93076],{"href":50591},[18,93077,50595],{},[2226,93079,93080],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":93082},[93083,93084,93086,93092,93100,93107,93109,93121,93122,93134],{"id":2307,"depth":82,"text":2308},{"id":90936,"depth":82,"text":93085},"What range() does",{"id":91029,"depth":82,"text":93087,"children":93088},"range() syntax",[93089,93090,93091],{"id":91109,"depth":98,"text":91112},{"id":91173,"depth":98,"text":91176},{"id":91241,"depth":98,"text":91244},{"id":91312,"depth":82,"text":91313,"children":93093},[93094,93095,93096,93097,93098],{"id":91319,"depth":98,"text":90927},{"id":91382,"depth":98,"text":91385},{"id":91446,"depth":98,"text":91449},{"id":91522,"depth":98,"text":91523},{"id":76886,"depth":98,"text":93099},"step cannot be 0",{"id":91681,"depth":82,"text":93101,"children":93102},"Using range() in a for loop",[93103,93104,93105],{"id":91783,"depth":98,"text":91784},{"id":91828,"depth":98,"text":91829},{"id":91908,"depth":98,"text":93106},"range() and indexing",{"id":92183,"depth":82,"text":93108},"Converting range() to a list",{"id":4802,"depth":82,"text":4803,"children":93110},[93111,93112,93114,93115,93117,93119],{"id":92366,"depth":98,"text":92367},{"id":92462,"depth":98,"text":93113},"Assuming range(5) starts at 1",{"id":92528,"depth":98,"text":92529},{"id":92663,"depth":98,"text":93116},"Using a negative step with start smaller than stop",{"id":92720,"depth":98,"text":93118},"Trying to use step = 0",{"id":92754,"depth":98,"text":93120},"Forgetting that range() is not a list",{"id":92858,"depth":82,"text":92859},{"id":2138,"depth":82,"text":2139,"children":93123},[93124,93126,93128,93130,93132],{"id":92988,"depth":98,"text":93125},"Does range() include the last number?",{"id":92997,"depth":98,"text":93127},"Why does range(5) start at 0?",{"id":93010,"depth":98,"text":93129},"Can range() count backward?",{"id":93022,"depth":98,"text":93131},"Is range() a list?",{"id":93035,"depth":98,"text":93133},"Why does range(input()) fail?",{"id":2192,"depth":82,"text":2193},"Master python range function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained",{"title":90830,"description":93135},"reference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained","WM74kaur77O7To2YFL58_24yQPMusxcx03D4i7kex70",{"id":93142,"title":93143,"body":93144,"description":94817,"extension":2267,"meta":94818,"navigation":1121,"path":94819,"seo":94820,"stem":94821,"__hash__":94822},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained.md","Python range() vs list(range()) Explained",{"type":7,"value":93145,"toc":94790},[93146,93155,93162,93179,93195,93197,93246,93254,93258,93261,93281,93283,93347,93349,93392,93395,93441,93443,93476,93486,93492,93500,93517,93519,93550,93552,93577,93582,93593,93596,93666,93668,93699,93704,93709,93726,93728,93779,93781,93814,93817,93824,93829,93833,93849,93851,93895,93897,93943,93946,93959,93964,93968,93982,93984,94035,94037,94070,94075,94077,94084,94086,94109,94111,94176,94178,94195,94198,94231,94233,94261,94271,94278,94282,94285,94303,94306,94334,94337,94355,94360,94366,94369,94391,94393,94421,94423,94426,94451,94454,94567,94569,94648,94650,94656,94661,94669,94677,94681,94684,94686,94719,94721,94729,94735,94742,94749,94752,94754,94787],[10,93147,3871,93149,10624,93151,93154],{"id":93148},"python-range-vs-listrange-explained",[18,93150,36259],{},[18,93152,93153],{},"list(range())"," Explained",[14,93156,93157,4679,93159,93161],{},[18,93158,36259],{},[18,93160,93153],{}," can represent the same numbers, but they are not the same thing.",[240,93163,93164,93172],{},[243,93165,93166,93168,93169],{},[18,93167,36259],{}," creates a ",[435,93170,93171],{},"range object",[243,93173,93174,93168,93176],{},[18,93175,93153],{},[435,93177,93178],{},"real list",[14,93180,93181,93182,93184,93185,93188,93189,93191,93192,93194],{},"This matters because beginners often expect ",[18,93183,90927],{}," to behave exactly like ",[18,93186,93187],{},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]",". It does not. In most cases, you should use ",[18,93190,36259],{}," for looping, and only use ",[18,93193,93153],{}," when you actually need a list.",[41,93196,44],{"id":43},[46,93198,93200],{"className":48,"code":93199,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = range(5)\nprint(numbers)          # range(0, 5)\nprint(list(numbers))    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,93201,93202,93216,93229],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,93203,93204,93206,93208,93210,93212,93214],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,93205,1168],{"class":902},[55,93207,906],{"class":703},[55,93209,54140],{"class":61},[55,93211,66],{"class":65},[55,93213,688],{"class":75},[55,93215,322],{"class":65},[55,93217,93218,93220,93222,93224,93226],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,93219,62],{"class":61},[55,93221,66],{"class":65},[55,93223,332],{"class":318},[55,93225,3953],{"class":65},[55,93227,93228],{"class":3956},"          # range(0, 5)\n",[55,93230,93231,93233,93235,93237,93239,93241,93243],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,93232,62],{"class":61},[55,93234,66],{"class":65},[55,93236,1229],{"class":69},[55,93238,66],{"class":65},[55,93240,332],{"class":318},[55,93242,5645],{"class":65},[55,93244,93245],{"class":3956},"    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[14,93247,212,93248,93250,93251,93253],{},[18,93249,36259],{}," for looping. Use ",[18,93252,93153],{}," when you need an actual list value.",[41,93255,93257],{"id":93256},"what-is-the-difference","What is the difference?",[14,93259,93260],{},"The main difference is what each one returns.",[240,93262,93263,93270,93275,93278],{},[243,93264,93265,22027,93267,93269],{},[18,93266,36259],{},[435,93268,93171],{},", not a list",[243,93271,93272,93274],{},[18,93273,93153],{}," converts that range object into a list",[243,93276,93277],{},"Both can represent the same sequence of numbers",[243,93279,93280],{},"They are used differently in real programs",[14,93282,358],{},[46,93284,93286],{"className":48,"code":93285,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"r = range(5)\nlst = list(range(5))\n\nprint(r)\nprint(lst)\n",[18,93287,93288,93303,93322,93326,93336],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,93289,93290,93293,93295,93297,93299,93301],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,93291,93292],{"class":902},"r ",[55,93294,906],{"class":703},[55,93296,54140],{"class":61},[55,93298,66],{"class":65},[55,93300,688],{"class":75},[55,93302,322],{"class":65},[55,93304,93305,93308,93310,93312,93314,93316,93318,93320],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,93306,93307],{"class":902},"lst ",[55,93309,906],{"class":703},[55,93311,22612],{"class":69},[55,93313,66],{"class":65},[55,93315,60070],{"class":61},[55,93317,66],{"class":65},[55,93319,688],{"class":75},[55,93321,79],{"class":65},[55,93323,93324],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,93325,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,93327,93328,93330,93332,93334],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,93329,62],{"class":61},[55,93331,66],{"class":65},[55,93333,60577],{"class":318},[55,93335,322],{"class":65},[55,93337,93338,93340,93342,93345],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,93339,62],{"class":61},[55,93341,66],{"class":65},[55,93343,93344],{"class":318},"lst",[55,93346,322],{"class":65},[14,93348,281],{},[46,93350,93352],{"className":48,"code":93351,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,93353,93354,93368],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,93355,93356,93358,93360,93362,93364,93366],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,93357,60070],{"class":61},[55,93359,66],{"class":65},[55,93361,76],{"class":75},[55,93363,163],{"class":65},[55,93365,4890],{"class":75},[55,93367,322],{"class":65},[55,93369,93370,93372,93374,93376,93378,93380,93382,93384,93386,93388,93390],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,93371,4186],{"class":65},[55,93373,76],{"class":75},[55,93375,163],{"class":65},[55,93377,5782],{"class":75},[55,93379,163],{"class":65},[55,93381,166],{"class":75},[55,93383,163],{"class":65},[55,93385,171],{"class":75},[55,93387,163],{"class":65},[55,93389,2759],{"class":75},[55,93391,924],{"class":65},[14,93393,93394],{},"Even though they represent the same values, their types are different:",[46,93396,93398],{"className":48,"code":93397,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\n",[18,93399,93400,93418],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,93401,93402,93404,93406,93408,93410,93412,93414,93416],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,93403,62],{"class":61},[55,93405,66],{"class":65},[55,93407,1879],{"class":69},[55,93409,66],{"class":65},[55,93411,60070],{"class":61},[55,93413,66],{"class":65},[55,93415,688],{"class":75},[55,93417,769],{"class":65},[55,93419,93420,93422,93424,93426,93428,93430,93432,93434,93436,93438],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,93421,62],{"class":61},[55,93423,66],{"class":65},[55,93425,1879],{"class":69},[55,93427,66],{"class":65},[55,93429,1229],{"class":69},[55,93431,66],{"class":65},[55,93433,60070],{"class":61},[55,93435,66],{"class":65},[55,93437,688],{"class":75},[55,93439,93440],{"class":65},"))))\n",[14,93442,281],{},[46,93444,93446],{"className":48,"code":93445,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[18,93447,93448,93462],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,93449,93450,93452,93454,93456,93458,93460],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,93451,1911],{"class":703},[55,93453,1915],{"class":1914},[55,93455,1918],{"class":109},[55,93457,60070],{"class":129},[55,93459,1923],{"class":109},[55,93461,1926],{"class":703},[55,93463,93464,93466,93468,93470,93472,93474],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,93465,1911],{"class":703},[55,93467,1915],{"class":1914},[55,93469,1918],{"class":109},[55,93471,1229],{"class":129},[55,93473,1923],{"class":109},[55,93475,1926],{"class":703},[14,93477,93478,93479,93481,93482,29],{},"If you want to learn more about how ",[18,93480,36259],{}," works, see ",[294,93483,3871,93484,3804],{"href":93137},[18,93485,36259],{},[41,93487,3970,93489,93491],{"id":93488},"what-range-gives-you",[18,93490,36259],{}," gives you",[14,93493,93494,93496,93497,93499],{},[18,93495,36259],{}," is most often used in ",[18,93498,6236],{}," loops.",[240,93501,93502,93505,93508,93511],{},[243,93503,93504],{},"It is commonly used in loops",[243,93506,93507],{},"It represents numbers without storing them all as a list",[243,93509,93510],{},"It is memory efficient for large sequences",[243,93512,93513,93514],{},"Printing it directly shows ",[18,93515,93516],{},"range(start, stop[, step])",[14,93518,358],{},[46,93520,93522],{"className":48,"code":93521,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n",[18,93523,93524,93540],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,93525,93526,93528,93530,93532,93534,93536,93538],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,93527,6236],{"class":1193},[55,93529,69621],{"class":902},[55,93531,4168],{"class":1193},[55,93533,54140],{"class":61},[55,93535,66],{"class":65},[55,93537,688],{"class":75},[55,93539,1480],{"class":65},[55,93541,93542,93544,93546,93548],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,93543,1204],{"class":61},[55,93545,66],{"class":65},[55,93547,36215],{"class":318},[55,93549,322],{"class":65},[14,93551,281],{},[46,93553,93555],{"className":48,"code":93554,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"0\n1\n2\n3\n4\n",[18,93556,93557,93561,93565,93569,93573],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,93558,93559],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,93560,47319],{"class":75},[55,93562,93563],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,93564,46984],{"class":75},[55,93566,93567],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,93568,17105],{"class":75},[55,93570,93571],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,93572,46684],{"class":75},[55,93574,93575],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,93576,48718],{"class":75},[14,93578,20822,93579,93581],{},[18,93580,90927],{}," works perfectly in a loop. You do not need to convert it to a list first.",[14,93583,93584,93585,93587,93588,29],{},"This is one reason ",[18,93586,36259],{}," is so common with ",[294,93589,3871,93591,90958],{"href":93590},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained",[18,93592,6236],{},[14,93594,93595],{},"You can also inspect it:",[46,93597,93599],{"className":48,"code":93598,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"r = range(2, 10, 2)\n\nprint(r)\nprint(len(r))\nprint(6 in r)\n",[18,93600,93601,93623,93627,93637,93651],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,93602,93603,93605,93607,93609,93611,93613,93615,93617,93619,93621],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,93604,93292],{"class":902},[55,93606,906],{"class":703},[55,93608,54140],{"class":61},[55,93610,66],{"class":65},[55,93612,707],{"class":75},[55,93614,163],{"class":65},[55,93616,6283],{"class":75},[55,93618,163],{"class":65},[55,93620,166],{"class":75},[55,93622,322],{"class":65},[55,93624,93625],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,93626,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,93628,93629,93631,93633,93635],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,93630,62],{"class":61},[55,93632,66],{"class":65},[55,93634,60577],{"class":318},[55,93636,322],{"class":65},[55,93638,93639,93641,93643,93645,93647,93649],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,93640,62],{"class":61},[55,93642,66],{"class":65},[55,93644,11202],{"class":61},[55,93646,66],{"class":65},[55,93648,60577],{"class":318},[55,93650,79],{"class":65},[55,93652,93653,93655,93657,93659,93661,93664],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,93654,62],{"class":61},[55,93656,66],{"class":65},[55,93658,80667],{"class":75},[55,93660,21225],{"class":1193},[55,93662,93663],{"class":318}," r",[55,93665,322],{"class":65},[14,93667,281],{},[46,93669,93671],{"className":48,"code":93670,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"range(2, 10, 2)\n4\nTrue\n",[18,93672,93673,93691,93695],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,93674,93675,93677,93679,93681,93683,93685,93687,93689],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,93676,60070],{"class":61},[55,93678,66],{"class":65},[55,93680,707],{"class":75},[55,93682,163],{"class":65},[55,93684,6283],{"class":75},[55,93686,163],{"class":65},[55,93688,166],{"class":75},[55,93690,322],{"class":65},[55,93692,93693],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,93694,48718],{"class":75},[55,93696,93697],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,93698,193],{"class":187},[41,93700,3970,93702,93491],{"id":93701},"what-listrange-gives-you",[18,93703,93153],{},[14,93705,93706,93708],{},[18,93707,93153],{}," creates a full list in memory.",[240,93710,93711,93714,93717,93720],{},[243,93712,93713],{},"It creates all values at once",[243,93715,93716],{},"Printing it shows the actual numbers",[243,93718,93719],{},"It is useful when you need list behavior",[243,93721,93722,93723,93725],{},"It is less efficient than plain ",[18,93724,36259],{}," for very large sequences",[14,93727,358],{},[46,93729,93731],{"className":48,"code":93730,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = list(range(5))\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[18,93732,93733,93751,93755,93765],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,93734,93735,93737,93739,93741,93743,93745,93747,93749],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,93736,1168],{"class":902},[55,93738,906],{"class":703},[55,93740,22612],{"class":69},[55,93742,66],{"class":65},[55,93744,60070],{"class":61},[55,93746,66],{"class":65},[55,93748,688],{"class":75},[55,93750,79],{"class":65},[55,93752,93753],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,93754,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,93756,93757,93759,93761,93763],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,93758,62],{"class":61},[55,93760,66],{"class":65},[55,93762,332],{"class":318},[55,93764,322],{"class":65},[55,93766,93767,93769,93771,93773,93775,93777],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,93768,62],{"class":61},[55,93770,66],{"class":65},[55,93772,332],{"class":318},[55,93774,4186],{"class":65},[55,93776,707],{"class":75},[55,93778,4174],{"class":65},[14,93780,281],{},[46,93782,93784],{"className":48,"code":93783,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n2\n",[18,93785,93786,93810],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,93787,93788,93790,93792,93794,93796,93798,93800,93802,93804,93806,93808],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,93789,4186],{"class":65},[55,93791,76],{"class":75},[55,93793,163],{"class":65},[55,93795,5782],{"class":75},[55,93797,163],{"class":65},[55,93799,166],{"class":75},[55,93801,163],{"class":65},[55,93803,171],{"class":75},[55,93805,163],{"class":65},[55,93807,2759],{"class":75},[55,93809,924],{"class":65},[55,93811,93812],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,93813,17105],{"class":75},[14,93815,93816],{},"This is helpful when you want clear output or when another part of your program expects a list.",[14,93818,93819,93820,29],{},"If you want to understand the conversion step itself, see ",[294,93821,3871,93822,3804],{"href":64920},[18,93823,24834],{},[41,93825,5247,93827],{"id":93826},"when-to-use-range",[18,93828,36259],{},[14,93830,212,93831,10640],{},[18,93832,36259],{},[240,93834,93835,93840,93843,93846],{},[243,93836,93837,93838,91687],{},"You are writing a ",[18,93839,6236],{},[243,93841,93842],{},"You only need to iterate over numbers",[243,93844,93845],{},"You are working with large sequences",[243,93847,93848],{},"You do not need a real list",[14,93850,358],{},[46,93852,93854],{"className":48,"code":93853,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"for i in range(1, 6):\n    print(\"Count:\", i)\n",[18,93855,93856,93876],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,93857,93858,93860,93862,93864,93866,93868,93870,93872,93874],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,93859,6236],{"class":1193},[55,93861,69621],{"class":902},[55,93863,4168],{"class":1193},[55,93865,54140],{"class":61},[55,93867,66],{"class":65},[55,93869,93],{"class":75},[55,93871,163],{"class":65},[55,93873,37706],{"class":75},[55,93875,1480],{"class":65},[55,93877,93878,93880,93882,93884,93887,93889,93891,93893],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,93879,1204],{"class":61},[55,93881,66],{"class":65},[55,93883,126],{"class":109},[55,93885,93886],{"class":129},"Count:",[55,93888,126],{"class":109},[55,93890,163],{"class":65},[55,93892,36190],{"class":318},[55,93894,322],{"class":65},[14,93896,281],{},[46,93898,93900],{"className":48,"code":93899,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Count: 1\nCount: 2\nCount: 3\nCount: 4\nCount: 5\n",[18,93901,93902,93911,93919,93927,93935],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,93903,93904,93907,93909],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,93905,93906],{"class":902},"Count",[55,93908,790],{"class":65},[55,93910,29670],{"class":75},[55,93912,93913,93915,93917],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,93914,93906],{"class":902},[55,93916,790],{"class":65},[55,93918,45656],{"class":75},[55,93920,93921,93923,93925],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,93922,93906],{"class":902},[55,93924,790],{"class":65},[55,93926,2880],{"class":75},[55,93928,93929,93931,93933],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,93930,93906],{"class":902},[55,93932,790],{"class":65},[55,93934,23716],{"class":75},[55,93936,93937,93939,93941],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,93938,93906],{"class":902},[55,93940,790],{"class":65},[55,93942,34901],{"class":75},[14,93944,93945],{},"This is the most common use.",[14,93947,93948,93949,93951,93952,62360,93954,29],{},"If you need both the index and the value while looping through another sequence, ",[18,93950,35809],{}," is often a better choice than ",[18,93953,36660],{},[294,93955,36667,93957,36670],{"href":93956},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python",[18,93958,35809],{},[41,93960,5247,93962],{"id":93961},"when-to-use-listrange",[18,93963,93153],{},[14,93965,212,93966,10640],{},[18,93967,93153],{},[240,93969,93970,93973,93976,93979],{},[243,93971,93972],{},"You need to see all values clearly",[243,93974,93975],{},"Another part of your code expects a list",[243,93977,93978],{},"You want to modify the result as a list",[243,93980,93981],{},"You are learning and list output is easier to understand",[14,93983,358],{},[46,93985,93987],{"className":48,"code":93986,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = list(range(5))\nnumbers.append(5)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,93988,93989,94007,94021,94025],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,93990,93991,93993,93995,93997,93999,94001,94003,94005],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,93992,1168],{"class":902},[55,93994,906],{"class":703},[55,93996,22612],{"class":69},[55,93998,66],{"class":65},[55,94000,60070],{"class":61},[55,94002,66],{"class":65},[55,94004,688],{"class":75},[55,94006,79],{"class":65},[55,94008,94009,94011,94013,94015,94017,94019],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,94010,332],{"class":902},[55,94012,29],{"class":65},[55,94014,13599],{"class":318},[55,94016,66],{"class":65},[55,94018,688],{"class":75},[55,94020,322],{"class":65},[55,94022,94023],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,94024,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,94026,94027,94029,94031,94033],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,94028,62],{"class":61},[55,94030,66],{"class":65},[55,94032,332],{"class":318},[55,94034,322],{"class":65},[14,94036,281],{},[46,94038,94040],{"className":48,"code":94039,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[18,94041,94042],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,94043,94044,94046,94048,94050,94052,94054,94056,94058,94060,94062,94064,94066,94068],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,94045,4186],{"class":65},[55,94047,76],{"class":75},[55,94049,163],{"class":65},[55,94051,5782],{"class":75},[55,94053,163],{"class":65},[55,94055,166],{"class":75},[55,94057,163],{"class":65},[55,94059,171],{"class":75},[55,94061,163],{"class":65},[55,94063,2759],{"class":75},[55,94065,163],{"class":65},[55,94067,4890],{"class":75},[55,94069,924],{"class":65},[14,94071,6339,94072,94074],{},[18,94073,332],{}," is a list.",[41,94076,15644],{"id":15643},[14,94078,94079,94081,94082,29],{},[18,94080,36259],{}," can be used like a sequence, but it is still ",[435,94083,37660],{},[14,94085,2410],{},[240,94087,94088,94090,94095,94100,94103],{},[243,94089,22037],{},[243,94091,94092,94093],{},"You can check its length with ",[18,94094,42426],{},[243,94096,94097,94098],{},"You can test membership with ",[18,94099,4168],{},[243,94101,94102],{},"You can index it",[243,94104,94105,94106,94108],{},"But list methods such as ",[18,94107,52722],{}," do not work on it",[14,94110,358],{},[46,94112,94114],{"className":48,"code":94113,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"r = range(5)\n\nprint(r[2])\nprint(len(r))\nprint(3 in r)\n",[18,94115,94116,94130,94134,94148,94162],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,94117,94118,94120,94122,94124,94126,94128],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,94119,93292],{"class":902},[55,94121,906],{"class":703},[55,94123,54140],{"class":61},[55,94125,66],{"class":65},[55,94127,688],{"class":75},[55,94129,322],{"class":65},[55,94131,94132],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,94133,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,94135,94136,94138,94140,94142,94144,94146],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,94137,62],{"class":61},[55,94139,66],{"class":65},[55,94141,60577],{"class":318},[55,94143,4186],{"class":65},[55,94145,707],{"class":75},[55,94147,4174],{"class":65},[55,94149,94150,94152,94154,94156,94158,94160],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,94151,62],{"class":61},[55,94153,66],{"class":65},[55,94155,11202],{"class":61},[55,94157,66],{"class":65},[55,94159,60577],{"class":318},[55,94161,79],{"class":65},[55,94163,94164,94166,94168,94170,94172,94174],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,94165,62],{"class":61},[55,94167,66],{"class":65},[55,94169,2366],{"class":75},[55,94171,21225],{"class":1193},[55,94173,93663],{"class":318},[55,94175,322],{"class":65},[14,94177,281],{},[46,94179,94181],{"className":48,"code":94180,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"2\n5\nTrue\n",[18,94182,94183,94187,94191],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,94184,94185],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,94186,17105],{"class":75},[55,94188,94189],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,94190,3248],{"class":75},[55,94192,94193],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,94194,193],{"class":187},[14,94196,94197],{},"Now compare that with this:",[46,94199,94201],{"className":48,"code":94200,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"r = range(5)\nr.append(5)\n",[18,94202,94203,94217],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,94204,94205,94207,94209,94211,94213,94215],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,94206,93292],{"class":902},[55,94208,906],{"class":703},[55,94210,54140],{"class":61},[55,94212,66],{"class":65},[55,94214,688],{"class":75},[55,94216,322],{"class":65},[55,94218,94219,94221,94223,94225,94227,94229],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,94220,60577],{"class":902},[55,94222,29],{"class":65},[55,94224,13599],{"class":318},[55,94226,66],{"class":65},[55,94228,688],{"class":75},[55,94230,322],{"class":65},[14,94232,281],{},[46,94234,94236],{"className":48,"code":94235,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"AttributeError: 'range' object has no attribute 'append'\n",[18,94237,94238],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,94239,94240,94242,94244,94246,94248,94250,94252,94255,94257,94259],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,94241,25725],{"class":69},[55,94243,790],{"class":65},[55,94245,1918],{"class":109},[55,94247,60070],{"class":129},[55,94249,1923],{"class":109},[55,94251,24670],{"class":69},[55,94253,94254],{"class":902}," has no attribute ",[55,94256,1923],{"class":109},[55,94258,13599],{"class":129},[55,94260,29755],{"class":109},[14,94262,94263,94264,2493,94266,2497,94268,94270],{},"If you need methods like ",[18,94265,52722],{},[18,94267,55599],{},[18,94269,64384],{},", convert the range to a list first.",[14,94272,94273,94274,29],{},"If you run into this kind of problem, see ",[294,94275,25733,94276],{"href":35479},[18,94277,34313],{},[41,94279,94281],{"id":94280},"common-confusion","Common confusion",[14,94283,94284],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting this:",[46,94286,94287],{"className":48,"code":92763,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,94288,94289],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,94290,94291,94293,94295,94297,94299,94301],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,94292,62],{"class":61},[55,94294,66],{"class":65},[55,94296,60070],{"class":61},[55,94298,66],{"class":65},[55,94300,688],{"class":75},[55,94302,79],{"class":65},[14,94304,94305],{},"to show:",[46,94307,94308],{"className":48,"code":60093,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,94309,94310],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,94311,94312,94314,94316,94318,94320,94322,94324,94326,94328,94330,94332],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,94313,4186],{"class":65},[55,94315,76],{"class":75},[55,94317,163],{"class":65},[55,94319,5782],{"class":75},[55,94321,163],{"class":65},[55,94323,166],{"class":75},[55,94325,163],{"class":65},[55,94327,171],{"class":75},[55,94329,163],{"class":65},[55,94331,2759],{"class":75},[55,94333,924],{"class":65},[14,94335,94336],{},"But in Python 3, it shows:",[46,94338,94339],{"className":48,"code":92784,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,94340,94341],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,94342,94343,94345,94347,94349,94351,94353],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,94344,60070],{"class":61},[55,94346,66],{"class":65},[55,94348,76],{"class":75},[55,94350,163],{"class":65},[55,94352,4890],{"class":75},[55,94354,322],{"class":65},[14,94356,4913,94357,94359],{},[435,94358,4916],{}," mean the code is wrong.",[14,94361,94362,94363,94365],{},"It only means Python is showing the ",[435,94364,93171],{},", not converting it to a list for display.",[14,94367,94368],{},"If you want list-style output, do this:",[46,94370,94371],{"className":48,"code":91120,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,94372,94373],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,94374,94375,94377,94379,94381,94383,94385,94387,94389],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,94376,62],{"class":61},[55,94378,66],{"class":65},[55,94380,1229],{"class":69},[55,94382,66],{"class":65},[55,94384,60070],{"class":61},[55,94386,66],{"class":65},[55,94388,688],{"class":75},[55,94390,769],{"class":65},[14,94392,281],{},[46,94394,94395],{"className":48,"code":60093,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,94396,94397],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,94398,94399,94401,94403,94405,94407,94409,94411,94413,94415,94417,94419],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,94400,4186],{"class":65},[55,94402,76],{"class":75},[55,94404,163],{"class":65},[55,94406,5782],{"class":75},[55,94408,163],{"class":65},[55,94410,166],{"class":75},[55,94412,163],{"class":65},[55,94414,171],{"class":75},[55,94416,163],{"class":65},[55,94418,2759],{"class":75},[55,94420,924],{"class":65},[41,94422,1586],{"id":1585},[14,94424,94425],{},"These are the most common causes of confusion:",[240,94427,94428,94434,94437,94443],{},[243,94429,1556,94430,94433],{},[18,94431,94432],{},"print(range(5))"," and expecting a list",[243,94435,94436],{},"Trying to call list methods on a range object",[243,94438,94439,94440,94442],{},"Not realizing that ",[18,94441,36259],{}," is iterable but not a list",[243,94444,1556,94445,94447,94448,94450],{},[18,94446,93153],{}," when plain ",[18,94449,36259],{}," would be simpler",[14,94452,94453],{},"These quick checks can help:",[46,94455,94457],{"className":48,"code":94456,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\nprint(3 in range(5))\nprint(len(range(5)))\n",[18,94458,94459,94473,94491,94509,94531,94549],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,94460,94461,94463,94465,94467,94469,94471],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,94462,62],{"class":61},[55,94464,66],{"class":65},[55,94466,60070],{"class":61},[55,94468,66],{"class":65},[55,94470,688],{"class":75},[55,94472,79],{"class":65},[55,94474,94475,94477,94479,94481,94483,94485,94487,94489],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,94476,62],{"class":61},[55,94478,66],{"class":65},[55,94480,1229],{"class":69},[55,94482,66],{"class":65},[55,94484,60070],{"class":61},[55,94486,66],{"class":65},[55,94488,688],{"class":75},[55,94490,769],{"class":65},[55,94492,94493,94495,94497,94499,94501,94503,94505,94507],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,94494,62],{"class":61},[55,94496,66],{"class":65},[55,94498,1879],{"class":69},[55,94500,66],{"class":65},[55,94502,60070],{"class":61},[55,94504,66],{"class":65},[55,94506,688],{"class":75},[55,94508,769],{"class":65},[55,94510,94511,94513,94515,94517,94519,94521,94523,94525,94527,94529],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,94512,62],{"class":61},[55,94514,66],{"class":65},[55,94516,1879],{"class":69},[55,94518,66],{"class":65},[55,94520,1229],{"class":69},[55,94522,66],{"class":65},[55,94524,60070],{"class":61},[55,94526,66],{"class":65},[55,94528,688],{"class":75},[55,94530,93440],{"class":65},[55,94532,94533,94535,94537,94539,94541,94543,94545,94547],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,94534,62],{"class":61},[55,94536,66],{"class":65},[55,94538,2366],{"class":75},[55,94540,21225],{"class":1193},[55,94542,54140],{"class":61},[55,94544,66],{"class":65},[55,94546,688],{"class":75},[55,94548,79],{"class":65},[55,94550,94551,94553,94555,94557,94559,94561,94563,94565],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,94552,62],{"class":61},[55,94554,66],{"class":65},[55,94556,11202],{"class":61},[55,94558,66],{"class":65},[55,94560,60070],{"class":61},[55,94562,66],{"class":65},[55,94564,688],{"class":75},[55,94566,769],{"class":65},[14,94568,281],{},[46,94570,94572],{"className":48,"code":94571,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nTrue\n5\n",[18,94573,94574,94588,94612,94626,94640,94644],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,94575,94576,94578,94580,94582,94584,94586],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,94577,60070],{"class":61},[55,94579,66],{"class":65},[55,94581,76],{"class":75},[55,94583,163],{"class":65},[55,94585,4890],{"class":75},[55,94587,322],{"class":65},[55,94589,94590,94592,94594,94596,94598,94600,94602,94604,94606,94608,94610],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,94591,4186],{"class":65},[55,94593,76],{"class":75},[55,94595,163],{"class":65},[55,94597,5782],{"class":75},[55,94599,163],{"class":65},[55,94601,166],{"class":75},[55,94603,163],{"class":65},[55,94605,171],{"class":75},[55,94607,163],{"class":65},[55,94609,2759],{"class":75},[55,94611,924],{"class":65},[55,94613,94614,94616,94618,94620,94622,94624],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,94615,1911],{"class":703},[55,94617,1915],{"class":1914},[55,94619,1918],{"class":109},[55,94621,60070],{"class":129},[55,94623,1923],{"class":109},[55,94625,1926],{"class":703},[55,94627,94628,94630,94632,94634,94636,94638],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,94629,1911],{"class":703},[55,94631,1915],{"class":1914},[55,94633,1918],{"class":109},[55,94635,1229],{"class":129},[55,94637,1923],{"class":109},[55,94639,1926],{"class":703},[55,94641,94642],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,94643,193],{"class":187},[55,94645,94646],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,94647,3248],{"class":75},[41,94649,2139],{"id":2138},[889,94651,14950,94653,94655],{"id":94652},"is-range-a-list-in-python",[18,94654,36259],{}," a list in Python?",[14,94657,46432,94658,94660],{},[18,94659,36259],{}," returns a range object. It can be iterated over, but it is not a list.",[889,94662,94664,94665,11132,94667,2794],{"id":94663},"why-use-range-instead-of-listrange","Why use ",[18,94666,36259],{},[18,94668,93153],{},[14,94670,94671,94673,94674,94676],{},[18,94672,36259],{}," is better for loops and usually uses less memory. ",[18,94675,93153],{}," creates a full list.",[889,94678,94680],{"id":94679},"can-i-index-a-range-object","Can I index a range object?",[14,94682,94683],{},"Yes. A range object supports indexing, but it still is not a list.",[14,94685,358],{},[46,94687,94689],{"className":48,"code":94688,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"r = range(5)\nprint(r[1])\n",[18,94690,94691,94705],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,94692,94693,94695,94697,94699,94701,94703],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,94694,93292],{"class":902},[55,94696,906],{"class":703},[55,94698,54140],{"class":61},[55,94700,66],{"class":65},[55,94702,688],{"class":75},[55,94704,322],{"class":65},[55,94706,94707,94709,94711,94713,94715,94717],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,94708,62],{"class":61},[55,94710,66],{"class":65},[55,94712,60577],{"class":318},[55,94714,4186],{"class":65},[55,94716,93],{"class":75},[55,94718,4174],{"class":65},[14,94720,281],{},[46,94722,94723],{"className":48,"code":46984,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,94724,94725],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,94726,94727],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,94728,46984],{"class":75},[889,94730,5444,94732,94734],{"id":94731},"why-does-printrange5-not-show-all-numbers",[18,94733,94432],{}," not show all numbers?",[14,94736,94737,94738,94741],{},"Because Python shows the range object representation. Use ",[18,94739,94740],{},"list(range(5))"," to display the numbers as a list.",[889,94743,94745,94746,94748],{"id":94744},"when-should-i-convert-range-to-a-list","When should I convert ",[18,94747,36259],{}," to a list?",[14,94750,94751],{},"Convert it when you need a real list, want list methods, or want clearer displayed output.",[41,94753,2193],{"id":2192},[240,94755,94756,94762,94768,94775,94781],{},[243,94757,94758],{},[294,94759,3871,94760,3804],{"href":93137},[18,94761,36259],{},[243,94763,94764],{},[294,94765,3871,94766,3804],{"href":64920},[18,94767,24834],{},[243,94769,94770],{},[294,94771,3871,94772,94774],{"href":93590},[18,94773,6236],{}," loops explained",[243,94776,94777],{},[294,94778,37581,94779,36670],{"href":93956},[18,94780,35809],{},[243,94782,94783],{},[294,94784,26176,94785],{"href":35479},[18,94786,34313],{},[2226,94788,94789],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":94791},[94792,94793,94794,94796,94798,94800,94802,94803,94804,94805,94816],{"id":43,"depth":82,"text":44},{"id":93256,"depth":82,"text":93257},{"id":93488,"depth":82,"text":94795},"What range() gives you",{"id":93701,"depth":82,"text":94797},"What list(range()) gives you",{"id":93826,"depth":82,"text":94799},"When to use range()",{"id":93961,"depth":82,"text":94801},"When to use list(range())",{"id":15643,"depth":82,"text":15644},{"id":94280,"depth":82,"text":94281},{"id":1585,"depth":82,"text":1586},{"id":2138,"depth":82,"text":2139,"children":94806},[94807,94809,94811,94812,94814],{"id":94652,"depth":98,"text":94808},"Is range() a list in Python?",{"id":94663,"depth":98,"text":94810},"Why use range() instead of list(range())?",{"id":94679,"depth":98,"text":94680},{"id":94731,"depth":98,"text":94813},"Why does print(range(5)) not show all numbers?",{"id":94744,"depth":98,"text":94815},"When should I convert range() to a list?",{"id":2192,"depth":82,"text":2193},"Master python range vs listrange explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained",{"title":93143,"description":94817},"reference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained","rOnOrM8csHUwdMRaIQMxGCpXq2ANZXuGWJ3KxGj9cv8",{"id":94824,"title":94825,"body":94826,"description":96262,"extension":2267,"meta":96263,"navigation":1121,"path":96264,"seo":96265,"stem":96266,"__hash__":96267},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained.md","Python round() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":94827,"toc":96228},[94828,94834,94839,94842,94856,94859,94861,94900,94902,94915,94923,94928,94944,94947,94949,94951,94972,94989,94992,95051,95053,95072,95077,95083,95086,95120,95122,95135,95138,95183,95185,95208,95215,95221,95224,95265,95267,95281,95284,95342,95344,95359,95372,95378,95384,95449,95451,95470,95472,95490,95493,95497,95503,95505,95538,95540,95553,95563,95566,95627,95629,95650,95653,95655,95671,95676,95680,95685,95690,95746,95748,95766,95769,95814,95816,95824,95829,95833,95847,95849,95881,95883,95892,95894,95898,95907,95910,95942,95944,95956,95959,95963,95968,96009,96011,96019,96022,96045,96049,96051,96060,96063,96116,96118,96127,96131,96136,96147,96149,96158,96161,96167,96170,96176,96186,96194,96201,96203,96225],[10,94829,3871,94831,3875],{"id":94830},"python-round-function-explained",[18,94832,94833],{},"round()",[14,94835,9159,94836,94838],{},[18,94837,94833],{}," function returns a rounded version of a number.",[14,94840,94841],{},"You can use it in two common ways:",[240,94843,94844,94850],{},[243,94845,94846,94849],{},[18,94847,94848],{},"round(number)"," rounds to the nearest whole number",[243,94851,94852,94855],{},[18,94853,94854],{},"round(number, digits)"," rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[14,94857,94858],{},"This is useful when you want cleaner numeric output or when you need to limit decimal places in a result.",[41,94860,2308],{"id":2307},[46,94862,94864],{"className":48,"code":94863,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(round(3.14159))\nprint(round(3.14159, 2))\n",[18,94865,94866,94882],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,94867,94868,94870,94872,94875,94877,94880],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,94869,62],{"class":61},[55,94871,66],{"class":65},[55,94873,94874],{"class":61},"round",[55,94876,66],{"class":65},[55,94878,94879],{"class":75},"3.14159",[55,94881,79],{"class":65},[55,94883,94884,94886,94888,94890,94892,94894,94896,94898],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,94885,62],{"class":61},[55,94887,66],{"class":65},[55,94889,94874],{"class":61},[55,94891,66],{"class":65},[55,94893,94879],{"class":75},[55,94895,163],{"class":65},[55,94897,166],{"class":75},[55,94899,79],{"class":65},[14,94901,281],{},[46,94903,94905],{"className":48,"code":94904,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"3\n3.14\n",[18,94906,94907,94911],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,94908,94909],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,94910,46684],{"class":75},[55,94912,94913],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,94914,40241],{"class":75},[14,94916,212,94917,94919,94920,94922],{},[18,94918,94848],{}," to round to the nearest whole number, or ",[18,94921,94854],{}," to keep a set number of decimal places.",[41,94924,3970,94926,3973],{"id":94925},"what-round-does",[18,94927,94833],{},[240,94929,94930,94935,94938,94941],{},[243,94931,94932,94934],{},[18,94933,94833],{}," is a built-in Python function",[243,94936,94937],{},"It returns a rounded version of a number",[243,94939,94940],{},"With one argument, it rounds to the nearest integer",[243,94942,94943],{},"With two arguments, it rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[14,94945,94946],{},"You do not need to import anything to use it.",[41,94948,2460],{"id":2459},[14,94950,2463],{},[46,94952,94954],{"className":48,"code":94953,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"round(number[, ndigits])\n",[18,94955,94956],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,94957,94958,94960,94962,94964,94967,94970],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,94959,94874],{"class":61},[55,94961,66],{"class":65},[55,94963,2544],{"class":318},[55,94965,94966],{"class":65},"[,",[55,94968,94969],{"class":318}," ndigits",[55,94971,4174],{"class":65},[240,94973,94974,94979,94984],{},[243,94975,94976,94978],{},[18,94977,2544],{}," is the value to round",[243,94980,94981,20090],{},[18,94982,94983],{},"ndigits",[243,94985,94986,94988],{},[18,94987,94983],{}," can be positive, zero, or negative",[14,94990,94991],{},"Basic examples:",[46,94993,94995],{"className":48,"code":94994,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(round(7.8))\nprint(round(7.8, 1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\n",[18,94996,94997,95012,95030],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,94998,94999,95001,95003,95005,95007,95010],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,95000,62],{"class":61},[55,95002,66],{"class":65},[55,95004,94874],{"class":61},[55,95006,66],{"class":65},[55,95008,95009],{"class":75},"7.8",[55,95011,79],{"class":65},[55,95013,95014,95016,95018,95020,95022,95024,95026,95028],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,95015,62],{"class":61},[55,95017,66],{"class":65},[55,95019,94874],{"class":61},[55,95021,66],{"class":65},[55,95023,95009],{"class":75},[55,95025,163],{"class":65},[55,95027,5782],{"class":75},[55,95029,79],{"class":65},[55,95031,95032,95034,95036,95038,95040,95043,95045,95047,95049],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,95033,62],{"class":61},[55,95035,66],{"class":65},[55,95037,94874],{"class":61},[55,95039,66],{"class":65},[55,95041,95042],{"class":75},"1234",[55,95044,163],{"class":65},[55,95046,2526],{"class":703},[55,95048,707],{"class":75},[55,95050,79],{"class":65},[14,95052,281],{},[46,95054,95056],{"className":48,"code":95055,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"8\n7.8\n1200\n",[18,95057,95058,95062,95067],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,95059,95060],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,95061,2685],{"class":75},[55,95063,95064],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,95065,95066],{"class":75},"7.8\n",[55,95068,95069],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,95070,95071],{"class":75},"1200\n",[14,95073,95074,95075,29],{},"If you are still getting used to Python number types, see ",[294,95076,2723],{"href":2722},[41,95078,1556,95080,95082],{"id":95079},"using-round-with-one-argument",[18,95081,94833],{}," with one argument",[14,95084,95085],{},"When you pass only one argument, Python rounds to the nearest whole number.",[46,95087,95089],{"className":48,"code":95088,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(round(4.2))\nprint(round(4.8))\n",[18,95090,95091,95105],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,95092,95093,95095,95097,95099,95101,95103],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,95094,62],{"class":61},[55,95096,66],{"class":65},[55,95098,94874],{"class":61},[55,95100,66],{"class":65},[55,95102,2666],{"class":75},[55,95104,79],{"class":65},[55,95106,95107,95109,95111,95113,95115,95118],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,95108,62],{"class":61},[55,95110,66],{"class":65},[55,95112,94874],{"class":61},[55,95114,66],{"class":65},[55,95116,95117],{"class":75},"4.8",[55,95119,79],{"class":65},[14,95121,281],{},[46,95123,95125],{"className":48,"code":95124,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"4\n5\n",[18,95126,95127,95131],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,95128,95129],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,95130,48718],{"class":75},[55,95132,95133],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,95134,3248],{"class":75},[14,95136,95137],{},"With a normal float, the result is usually an integer:",[46,95139,95141],{"className":48,"code":95140,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"result = round(10.2)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[18,95142,95143,95159,95169],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,95144,95145,95147,95149,95152,95154,95157],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,95146,2534],{"class":902},[55,95148,906],{"class":703},[55,95150,95151],{"class":61}," round",[55,95153,66],{"class":65},[55,95155,95156],{"class":75},"10.2",[55,95158,322],{"class":65},[55,95160,95161,95163,95165,95167],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,95162,62],{"class":61},[55,95164,66],{"class":65},[55,95166,2569],{"class":318},[55,95168,322],{"class":65},[55,95170,95171,95173,95175,95177,95179,95181],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,95172,62],{"class":61},[55,95174,66],{"class":65},[55,95176,1879],{"class":69},[55,95178,66],{"class":65},[55,95180,2569],{"class":318},[55,95182,79],{"class":65},[14,95184,281],{},[46,95186,95188],{"className":48,"code":95187,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"10\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[18,95189,95190,95194],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,95191,95192],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,95193,2680],{"class":75},[55,95195,95196,95198,95200,95202,95204,95206],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,95197,1911],{"class":703},[55,95199,1915],{"class":1914},[55,95201,1918],{"class":109},[55,95203,2492],{"class":129},[55,95205,1923],{"class":109},[55,95207,1926],{"class":703},[14,95209,95210,95211,29],{},"If you need to convert values directly to integers without rounding rules, compare this with ",[294,95212,3871,95213,3804],{"href":3177},[18,95214,3180],{},[41,95216,1556,95218,95220],{"id":95217},"using-round-with-decimal-places",[18,95219,94833],{}," with decimal places",[14,95222,95223],{},"You can pass a second argument to control how many decimal places to keep.",[46,95225,95227],{"className":48,"code":95226,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(round(3.14159, 2))\nprint(round(3.14159, 3))\n",[18,95228,95229,95247],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,95230,95231,95233,95235,95237,95239,95241,95243,95245],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,95232,62],{"class":61},[55,95234,66],{"class":65},[55,95236,94874],{"class":61},[55,95238,66],{"class":65},[55,95240,94879],{"class":75},[55,95242,163],{"class":65},[55,95244,166],{"class":75},[55,95246,79],{"class":65},[55,95248,95249,95251,95253,95255,95257,95259,95261,95263],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,95250,62],{"class":61},[55,95252,66],{"class":65},[55,95254,94874],{"class":61},[55,95256,66],{"class":65},[55,95258,94879],{"class":75},[55,95260,163],{"class":65},[55,95262,171],{"class":75},[55,95264,79],{"class":65},[14,95266,281],{},[46,95268,95270],{"className":48,"code":95269,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"3.14\n3.142\n",[18,95271,95272,95276],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,95273,95274],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,95275,40241],{"class":75},[55,95277,95278],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,95279,95280],{"class":75},"3.142\n",[14,95282,95283],{},"This is helpful when you want a simpler numeric value for calculations or reporting.",[46,95285,95287],{"className":48,"code":95286,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"price = 19.9876\nrounded_price = round(price, 2)\n\nprint(price)\nprint(rounded_price)\n",[18,95288,95289,95298,95317,95321,95331],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,95290,95291,95293,95295],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,95292,40451],{"class":902},[55,95294,906],{"class":703},[55,95296,95297],{"class":75}," 19.9876\n",[55,95299,95300,95303,95305,95307,95309,95311,95313,95315],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,95301,95302],{"class":902},"rounded_price ",[55,95304,906],{"class":703},[55,95306,95151],{"class":61},[55,95308,66],{"class":65},[55,95310,25203],{"class":318},[55,95312,163],{"class":65},[55,95314,166],{"class":75},[55,95316,322],{"class":65},[55,95318,95319],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,95320,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,95322,95323,95325,95327,95329],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,95324,62],{"class":61},[55,95326,66],{"class":65},[55,95328,25203],{"class":318},[55,95330,322],{"class":65},[55,95332,95333,95335,95337,95340],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,95334,62],{"class":61},[55,95336,66],{"class":65},[55,95338,95339],{"class":318},"rounded_price",[55,95341,322],{"class":65},[14,95343,281],{},[46,95345,95347],{"className":48,"code":95346,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"19.9876\n19.99\n",[18,95348,95349,95354],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,95350,95351],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,95352,95353],{"class":75},"19.9876\n",[55,95355,95356],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,95357,95358],{"class":75},"19.99\n",[14,95360,95361,95362,95365,95366,25,95368,29],{},"If you need to convert text such as ",[18,95363,95364],{},"\"3.14159\""," before rounding, see ",[294,95367,40956],{"href":40955},[294,95369,3871,95370,3804],{"href":3183},[18,95371,3186],{},[41,95373,95375,95376],{"id":95374},"using-negative-ndigits","Using negative ",[18,95377,94983],{},[14,95379,95380,95381,95383],{},"A negative ",[18,95382,94983],{}," value rounds to tens, hundreds, or larger place values.",[46,95385,95387],{"className":48,"code":95386,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(round(1234, -1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\nprint(round(1234, -3))\n",[18,95388,95389,95409,95429],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,95390,95391,95393,95395,95397,95399,95401,95403,95405,95407],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,95392,62],{"class":61},[55,95394,66],{"class":65},[55,95396,94874],{"class":61},[55,95398,66],{"class":65},[55,95400,95042],{"class":75},[55,95402,163],{"class":65},[55,95404,2526],{"class":703},[55,95406,93],{"class":75},[55,95408,79],{"class":65},[55,95410,95411,95413,95415,95417,95419,95421,95423,95425,95427],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,95412,62],{"class":61},[55,95414,66],{"class":65},[55,95416,94874],{"class":61},[55,95418,66],{"class":65},[55,95420,95042],{"class":75},[55,95422,163],{"class":65},[55,95424,2526],{"class":703},[55,95426,707],{"class":75},[55,95428,79],{"class":65},[55,95430,95431,95433,95435,95437,95439,95441,95443,95445,95447],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,95432,62],{"class":61},[55,95434,66],{"class":65},[55,95436,94874],{"class":61},[55,95438,66],{"class":65},[55,95440,95042],{"class":75},[55,95442,163],{"class":65},[55,95444,2526],{"class":703},[55,95446,2366],{"class":75},[55,95448,79],{"class":65},[14,95450,281],{},[46,95452,95454],{"className":48,"code":95453,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"1230\n1200\n1000\n",[18,95455,95456,95461,95465],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,95457,95458],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,95459,95460],{"class":75},"1230\n",[55,95462,95463],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,95464,95071],{"class":75},[55,95466,95467],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,95468,95469],{"class":75},"1000\n",[14,95471,65657],{},[240,95473,95474,95479,95485],{},[243,95475,95476,95478],{},[18,95477,65927],{}," rounds to the nearest 10",[243,95480,95481,95484],{},[18,95482,95483],{},"-2"," rounds to the nearest 100",[243,95486,95487,95489],{},[18,95488,47738],{}," rounds to the nearest 1000",[14,95491,95492],{},"This can be useful when you want less precise but easier-to-read numbers.",[41,95494,95496],{"id":95495},"important-behavior-beginners-notice","Important behavior beginners notice",[14,95498,95499,95500,29],{},"Some results may look surprising with numbers ending in ",[18,95501,95502],{},".5",[14,95504,5756],{},[46,95506,95508],{"className":48,"code":95507,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\n",[18,95509,95510,95524],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,95511,95512,95514,95516,95518,95520,95522],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,95513,62],{"class":61},[55,95515,66],{"class":65},[55,95517,94874],{"class":61},[55,95519,66],{"class":65},[55,95521,41223],{"class":75},[55,95523,79],{"class":65},[55,95525,95526,95528,95530,95532,95534,95536],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,95527,62],{"class":61},[55,95529,66],{"class":65},[55,95531,94874],{"class":61},[55,95533,66],{"class":65},[55,95535,2344],{"class":75},[55,95537,79],{"class":65},[14,95539,281],{},[46,95541,95543],{"className":48,"code":95542,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"2\n4\n",[18,95544,95545,95549],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,95546,95547],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,95548,17105],{"class":75},[55,95550,95551],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,95552,48718],{"class":75},[14,95554,95555,95556,95559,95560,95562],{},"Python uses ",[435,95557,95558],{},"banker's rounding"," in tie cases. That means it rounds to the nearest even number in some ",[18,95561,95502],{}," situations.",[14,95564,95565],{},"More examples:",[46,95567,95569],{"className":48,"code":95568,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(round(1.5))\nprint(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\nprint(round(4.5))\n",[18,95570,95571,95585,95599,95613],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,95572,95573,95575,95577,95579,95581,95583],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,95574,62],{"class":61},[55,95576,66],{"class":65},[55,95578,94874],{"class":61},[55,95580,66],{"class":65},[55,95582,41236],{"class":75},[55,95584,79],{"class":65},[55,95586,95587,95589,95591,95593,95595,95597],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,95588,62],{"class":61},[55,95590,66],{"class":65},[55,95592,94874],{"class":61},[55,95594,66],{"class":65},[55,95596,41223],{"class":75},[55,95598,79],{"class":65},[55,95600,95601,95603,95605,95607,95609,95611],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,95602,62],{"class":61},[55,95604,66],{"class":65},[55,95606,94874],{"class":61},[55,95608,66],{"class":65},[55,95610,2344],{"class":75},[55,95612,79],{"class":65},[55,95614,95615,95617,95619,95621,95623,95625],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,95616,62],{"class":61},[55,95618,66],{"class":65},[55,95620,94874],{"class":61},[55,95622,66],{"class":65},[55,95624,41188],{"class":75},[55,95626,79],{"class":65},[14,95628,281],{},[46,95630,95632],{"className":48,"code":95631,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"2\n2\n4\n4\n",[18,95633,95634,95638,95642,95646],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,95635,95636],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,95637,17105],{"class":75},[55,95639,95640],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,95641,17105],{"class":75},[55,95643,95644],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,95645,48718],{"class":75},[55,95647,95648],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,95649,48718],{"class":75},[14,95651,95652],{},"This is normal Python behavior, not a bug.",[14,95654,10752],{},[240,95656,95657,95664],{},[243,95658,95659,2436,95662],{},[18,95660,95661],{},"round(2.5)",[18,95663,707],{},[243,95665,95666,2436,95669],{},[18,95667,95668],{},"round(3.5)",[18,95670,2807],{},[14,95672,3468,95673,95675],{},[18,95674,95502],{}," to always round upward, this behavior can be confusing at first.",[41,95677,95679],{"id":95678},"return-values","Return values",[14,95681,95682,95684],{},[18,95683,94833],{}," returns the rounded value.",[14,95686,40970,95687,95689],{},[435,95688,4916],{}," change the original variable unless you save the result.",[46,95691,95693],{"className":48,"code":95692,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = 3.14159\n\nprint(value)\nprint(round(value, 2))\nprint(value)\n",[18,95694,95695,95704,95708,95718,95736],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,95696,95697,95699,95701],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,95698,1654],{"class":902},[55,95700,906],{"class":703},[55,95702,95703],{"class":75}," 3.14159\n",[55,95705,95706],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,95707,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,95709,95710,95712,95714,95716],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,95711,62],{"class":61},[55,95713,66],{"class":65},[55,95715,319],{"class":318},[55,95717,322],{"class":65},[55,95719,95720,95722,95724,95726,95728,95730,95732,95734],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,95721,62],{"class":61},[55,95723,66],{"class":65},[55,95725,94874],{"class":61},[55,95727,66],{"class":65},[55,95729,319],{"class":318},[55,95731,163],{"class":65},[55,95733,166],{"class":75},[55,95735,79],{"class":65},[55,95737,95738,95740,95742,95744],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,95739,62],{"class":61},[55,95741,66],{"class":65},[55,95743,319],{"class":318},[55,95745,322],{"class":65},[14,95747,281],{},[46,95749,95751],{"className":48,"code":95750,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"3.14159\n3.14\n3.14159\n",[18,95752,95753,95758,95762],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,95754,95755],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,95756,95757],{"class":75},"3.14159\n",[55,95759,95760],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,95761,40241],{"class":75},[55,95763,95764],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,95765,95757],{"class":75},[14,95767,95768],{},"If you want to keep the rounded value, assign it:",[46,95770,95772],{"className":48,"code":95771,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = 3.14159\nvalue = round(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[18,95773,95774,95782,95800,95804],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,95775,95776,95778,95780],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,95777,1654],{"class":902},[55,95779,906],{"class":703},[55,95781,95703],{"class":75},[55,95783,95784,95786,95788,95790,95792,95794,95796,95798],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,95785,1654],{"class":902},[55,95787,906],{"class":703},[55,95789,95151],{"class":61},[55,95791,66],{"class":65},[55,95793,319],{"class":318},[55,95795,163],{"class":65},[55,95797,166],{"class":75},[55,95799,322],{"class":65},[55,95801,95802],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,95803,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,95805,95806,95808,95810,95812],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,95807,62],{"class":61},[55,95809,66],{"class":65},[55,95811,319],{"class":318},[55,95813,322],{"class":65},[14,95815,281],{},[46,95817,95818],{"className":48,"code":40241,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,95819,95820],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,95821,95822],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,95823,40241],{"class":75},[41,95825,5247,95827],{"id":95826},"when-to-use-round",[18,95828,94833],{},[14,95830,212,95831,6594],{},[18,95832,94833],{},[240,95834,95835,95838,95841,95844],{},[243,95836,95837],{},"Display simpler numeric output",[243,95839,95840],{},"Limit decimal places in calculations",[243,95842,95843],{},"Round values before reporting results",[243,95845,95846],{},"Prepare numbers for easier reading",[14,95848,5756],{},[46,95850,95852],{"className":48,"code":95851,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"distance = 12.67891\nprint(round(distance, 2))\n",[18,95853,95854,95863],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,95855,95856,95858,95860],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,95857,2899],{"class":902},[55,95859,906],{"class":703},[55,95861,95862],{"class":75}," 12.67891\n",[55,95864,95865,95867,95869,95871,95873,95875,95877,95879],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,95866,62],{"class":61},[55,95868,66],{"class":65},[55,95870,94874],{"class":61},[55,95872,66],{"class":65},[55,95874,2922],{"class":318},[55,95876,163],{"class":65},[55,95878,166],{"class":75},[55,95880,79],{"class":65},[14,95882,281],{},[46,95884,95886],{"className":48,"code":95885,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"12.68\n",[18,95887,95888],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,95889,95890],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,95891,95885],{"class":75},[41,95893,1586],{"id":1585},[14,95895,23147,95896,29],{},[18,95897,94833],{},[889,95899,1595,95901,95903,95904,95906],{"id":95900},"expecting-round-to-always-round-5-upward",[18,95902,94833],{}," to always round ",[18,95905,95502],{}," upward",[14,95908,95909],{},"This is one of the most common surprises.",[46,95911,95912],{"className":48,"code":95507,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,95913,95914,95928],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,95915,95916,95918,95920,95922,95924,95926],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,95917,62],{"class":61},[55,95919,66],{"class":65},[55,95921,94874],{"class":61},[55,95923,66],{"class":65},[55,95925,41223],{"class":75},[55,95927,79],{"class":65},[55,95929,95930,95932,95934,95936,95938,95940],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,95931,62],{"class":61},[55,95933,66],{"class":65},[55,95935,94874],{"class":61},[55,95937,66],{"class":65},[55,95939,2344],{"class":75},[55,95941,79],{"class":65},[14,95943,281],{},[46,95945,95946],{"className":48,"code":95542,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,95947,95948,95952],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,95949,95950],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,95951,17105],{"class":75},[55,95953,95954],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,95955,48718],{"class":75},[14,95957,95958],{},"Python may round tie values to the nearest even number.",[889,95960,95962],{"id":95961},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-value","Forgetting to save the returned value",[14,95964,95965,95967],{},[18,95966,94833],{}," returns a new value. It does not update the old one by itself.",[46,95969,95971],{"className":48,"code":95970,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = 3.14159\nround(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[18,95972,95973,95981,95995,95999],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,95974,95975,95977,95979],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,95976,1654],{"class":902},[55,95978,906],{"class":703},[55,95980,95703],{"class":75},[55,95982,95983,95985,95987,95989,95991,95993],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,95984,94874],{"class":61},[55,95986,66],{"class":65},[55,95988,319],{"class":318},[55,95990,163],{"class":65},[55,95992,166],{"class":75},[55,95994,322],{"class":65},[55,95996,95997],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,95998,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,96000,96001,96003,96005,96007],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,96002,62],{"class":61},[55,96004,66],{"class":65},[55,96006,319],{"class":318},[55,96008,322],{"class":65},[14,96010,281],{},[46,96012,96013],{"className":48,"code":95757,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,96014,96015],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,96016,96017],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,96018,95757],{"class":75},[14,96020,96021],{},"To keep the rounded result:",[46,96023,96025],{"className":48,"code":96024,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = round(value, 2)\n",[18,96026,96027],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,96028,96029,96031,96033,96035,96037,96039,96041,96043],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,96030,1654],{"class":902},[55,96032,906],{"class":703},[55,96034,95151],{"class":61},[55,96036,66],{"class":65},[55,96038,319],{"class":318},[55,96040,163],{"class":65},[55,96042,166],{"class":75},[55,96044,322],{"class":65},[889,96046,96048],{"id":96047},"passing-a-string-instead-of-a-number","Passing a string instead of a number",[14,96050,16449],{},[46,96052,96054],{"className":48,"code":96053,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"# print(round(\"3.14\", 1))\n",[18,96055,96056],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,96057,96058],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,96059,96053],{"class":3956},[14,96061,96062],{},"You need to convert the string first:",[46,96064,96066],{"className":48,"code":96065,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"3.14\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(round(number, 1))\n",[18,96067,96068,96080,96094,96098],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,96069,96070,96072,96074,96076,96078],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,96071,34746],{"class":902},[55,96073,906],{"class":703},[55,96075,793],{"class":109},[55,96077,40207],{"class":129},[55,96079,1052],{"class":109},[55,96081,96082,96084,96086,96088,96090,96092],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,96083,2521],{"class":902},[55,96085,906],{"class":703},[55,96087,40319],{"class":69},[55,96089,66],{"class":65},[55,96091,34767],{"class":318},[55,96093,322],{"class":65},[55,96095,96096],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,96097,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,96099,96100,96102,96104,96106,96108,96110,96112,96114],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,96101,62],{"class":61},[55,96103,66],{"class":65},[55,96105,94874],{"class":61},[55,96107,66],{"class":65},[55,96109,2544],{"class":318},[55,96111,163],{"class":65},[55,96113,5782],{"class":75},[55,96115,79],{"class":65},[14,96117,281],{},[46,96119,96121],{"className":48,"code":96120,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"3.1\n",[18,96122,96123],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,96124,96125],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,96126,96120],{"class":75},[889,96128,96130],{"id":96129},"confusing-rounding-a-value-with-formatting-text-output","Confusing rounding a value with formatting text output",[14,96132,96133,96135],{},[18,96134,94833],{}," changes the numeric value it returns. It is not the same as formatting text for display.",[14,96137,96138,96139,25,96143,29],{},"If your data starts as text, convert it first with ",[294,96140,96141],{"href":3183},[18,96142,3186],{},[294,96144,96145],{"href":3177},[18,96146,3180],{},[41,96148,2139],{"id":2138},[889,96150,12748,96152,96154,96155,96157],{"id":96151},"does-round-always-round-05-up",[18,96153,94833],{}," always round ",[18,96156,40278],{}," up?",[14,96159,96160],{},"No. In tie cases, Python may round to the nearest even number.",[889,96162,12748,96164,96166],{"id":96163},"does-round-change-the-original-number",[18,96165,94833],{}," change the original number?",[14,96168,96169],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to keep it.",[889,96171,5456,96173,96175],{"id":96172},"can-round-round-to-tens-or-hundreds",[18,96174,94833],{}," round to tens or hundreds?",[14,96177,96178,96179,96181,96182,25,96184,29],{},"Yes. Use a negative ",[18,96180,94983],{}," value like ",[18,96183,65927],{},[18,96185,95483],{},[889,96187,28383,96189,96191,96192,2794],{"id":96188},"can-i-use-round-on-a-string-like-314",[18,96190,94833],{}," on a string like ",[18,96193,48162],{},[14,96195,96196,96197,25,96199,29],{},"Not directly. Convert the string first with ",[18,96198,3186],{},[18,96200,3180],{},[41,96202,2193],{"id":2192},[240,96204,96205,96211,96217,96221],{},[243,96206,96207],{},[294,96208,3871,96209,3804],{"href":3183},[18,96210,3186],{},[243,96212,96213],{},[294,96214,3871,96215,3804],{"href":3177},[18,96216,3180],{},[243,96218,96219],{},[294,96220,2723],{"href":2722},[243,96222,96223],{},[294,96224,42246],{"href":40955},[2226,96226,96227],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":96229},[96230,96231,96233,96234,96236,96238,96240,96241,96242,96244,96251,96261],{"id":2307,"depth":82,"text":2308},{"id":94925,"depth":82,"text":96232},"What round() does",{"id":2459,"depth":82,"text":2460},{"id":95079,"depth":82,"text":96235},"Using round() with one argument",{"id":95217,"depth":82,"text":96237},"Using round() with decimal places",{"id":95374,"depth":82,"text":96239},"Using negative ndigits",{"id":95495,"depth":82,"text":95496},{"id":95678,"depth":82,"text":95679},{"id":95826,"depth":82,"text":96243},"When to use round()",{"id":1585,"depth":82,"text":1586,"children":96245},[96246,96248,96249,96250],{"id":95900,"depth":98,"text":96247},"Expecting round() to always round .5 upward",{"id":95961,"depth":98,"text":95962},{"id":96047,"depth":98,"text":96048},{"id":96129,"depth":98,"text":96130},{"id":2138,"depth":82,"text":2139,"children":96252},[96253,96255,96257,96259],{"id":96151,"depth":98,"text":96254},"Does round() always round 0.5 up?",{"id":96163,"depth":98,"text":96256},"Does round() change the original number?",{"id":96172,"depth":98,"text":96258},"Can round() round to tens or hundreds?",{"id":96188,"depth":98,"text":96260},"Can I use round() on a string like \"3.14\"?",{"id":2192,"depth":82,"text":2193},"Master python round function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained",{"title":94825,"description":96262},"reference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained","e0t8hwZaUiwtmjnn3D5wfXRBmBmXDud37ro5ZcnR9iM",{"id":96269,"title":96270,"body":96271,"description":97456,"extension":2267,"meta":97457,"navigation":1121,"path":97458,"seo":97459,"stem":97460,"__hash__":97461},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method.md","Python Set add() Method",{"type":7,"value":96272,"toc":97430},[96273,96280,96286,96289,96291,96340,96344,96369,96374,96379,96384,96398,96409,96411,96430,96432,96448,96451,96462,96464,96466,96527,96531,96564,96571,96578,96581,96614,96617,96621,96624,96677,96681,96702,96708,96715,96722,96783,96791,96868,96872,96884,96893,96895,96901,96907,96911,96964,96967,97025,97029,97037,97040,97044,97047,97057,97059,97156,97159,97170,97173,97216,97220,97244,97247,97253,97255,97259,97284,97286,97353,97362,97364,97370,97375,97379,97382,97386,97393,97397,97402,97404,97421,97427],[10,96274,96276,96277,11363],{"id":96275},"python-set-add-method","Python Set ",[18,96278,96279],{},"add()",[14,96281,96282,96285],{},[18,96283,96284],{},"set.add()"," adds one item to a set.",[14,96287,96288],{},"Use it when you want to put a single value into an existing set. If that value is not already present, Python adds it. If it is already in the set, nothing changes.",[41,96290,2308],{"id":2307},[46,96292,96294],{"className":48,"code":96293,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(4)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,96295,96296,96316,96330],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,96297,96298,96300,96302,96304,96306,96308,96310,96312,96314],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,96299,1168],{"class":902},[55,96301,906],{"class":703},[55,96303,10529],{"class":65},[55,96305,93],{"class":75},[55,96307,163],{"class":65},[55,96309,166],{"class":75},[55,96311,163],{"class":65},[55,96313,171],{"class":75},[55,96315,9346],{"class":65},[55,96317,96318,96320,96322,96324,96326,96328],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,96319,332],{"class":902},[55,96321,29],{"class":65},[55,96323,82179],{"class":318},[55,96325,66],{"class":65},[55,96327,2807],{"class":75},[55,96329,322],{"class":65},[55,96331,96332,96334,96336,96338],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,96333,62],{"class":61},[55,96335,66],{"class":65},[55,96337,332],{"class":318},[55,96339,322],{"class":65},[14,96341,96342],{},[435,96343,281],{},[46,96345,96347],{"className":48,"code":96346,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[18,96348,96349],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,96350,96351,96353,96355,96357,96359,96361,96363,96365,96367],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,96352,9315],{"class":65},[55,96354,93],{"class":75},[55,96356,163],{"class":65},[55,96358,166],{"class":75},[55,96360,163],{"class":65},[55,96362,171],{"class":75},[55,96364,163],{"class":65},[55,96366,2759],{"class":75},[55,96368,9346],{"class":65},[14,96370,212,96371,96373],{},[18,96372,96279],{}," to put one value into a set. If the value is already in the set, nothing changes.",[41,96375,3970,96377,3973],{"id":96376},"what-setadd-does",[18,96378,96284],{},[14,96380,96381,96383],{},[18,96382,96284],{}," is a built-in set method that:",[240,96385,96386,96389,96392,96395],{},[243,96387,96388],{},"Adds one item to a set",[243,96390,96391],{},"Changes the original set in place",[243,96393,96394],{},"Does not return a new set",[243,96396,96397],{},"Leaves the set unchanged if the item already exists",[14,96399,96400,96401,25,96405,29],{},"If you are new to sets, see ",[294,96402,96404],{"href":96403},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained","Python sets explained",[294,96406,96408],{"href":96407},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","how to create a set in Python",[41,96410,2460],{"id":2459},[46,96412,96414],{"className":48,"code":96413,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_set.add(item)\n",[18,96415,96416],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,96417,96418,96420,96422,96424,96426,96428],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,96419,15714],{"class":902},[55,96421,29],{"class":65},[55,96423,82179],{"class":318},[55,96425,66],{"class":65},[55,96427,23363],{"class":318},[55,96429,322],{"class":65},[14,96431,11500],{},[240,96433,96434,96439,96442],{},[243,96435,55979,96436,96438],{},[18,96437,96279],{}," on an existing set",[243,96440,96441],{},"Pass exactly one item",[243,96443,96444,96445],{},"The item must be ",[435,96446,96447],{},"hashable",[14,96449,96450],{},"A hashable value is a value Python can safely store in a set. Common hashable values include:",[240,96452,96453,96455,96457,96460],{},[243,96454,56532],{},[243,96456,56535],{},[243,96458,96459],{},"Tuples",[243,96461,40659],{},[41,96463,11517],{"id":11516},[14,96465,11520],{},[46,96467,96469],{"className":48,"code":96468,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.add(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[18,96470,96471,96495,96513,96517],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,96472,96473,96475,96477,96479,96481,96483,96485,96487,96489,96491,96493],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,96474,13121],{"class":902},[55,96476,906],{"class":703},[55,96478,10529],{"class":65},[55,96480,126],{"class":109},[55,96482,13138],{"class":129},[55,96484,126],{"class":109},[55,96486,163],{"class":65},[55,96488,793],{"class":109},[55,96490,13155],{"class":129},[55,96492,126],{"class":109},[55,96494,9346],{"class":65},[55,96496,96497,96499,96501,96503,96505,96507,96509,96511],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,96498,17552],{"class":902},[55,96500,29],{"class":65},[55,96502,82179],{"class":318},[55,96504,66],{"class":65},[55,96506,126],{"class":109},[55,96508,17505],{"class":129},[55,96510,126],{"class":109},[55,96512,322],{"class":65},[55,96514,96515],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,96516,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,96518,96519,96521,96523,96525],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,96520,62],{"class":61},[55,96522,66],{"class":65},[55,96524,17552],{"class":318},[55,96526,322],{"class":65},[14,96528,96529],{},[435,96530,30085],{},[46,96532,96534],{"className":48,"code":96533,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'red', 'green', 'blue'}\n",[18,96535,96536],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,96537,96538,96540,96542,96544,96546,96548,96550,96552,96554,96556,96558,96560,96562],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,96539,9315],{"class":65},[55,96541,1923],{"class":109},[55,96543,13138],{"class":129},[55,96545,1923],{"class":109},[55,96547,163],{"class":65},[55,96549,1918],{"class":109},[55,96551,17505],{"class":129},[55,96553,1923],{"class":109},[55,96555,163],{"class":65},[55,96557,1918],{"class":109},[55,96559,13155],{"class":129},[55,96561,1923],{"class":109},[55,96563,9346],{"class":65},[14,96565,96566,96567,96570],{},"The new value ",[18,96568,96569],{},"\"green\""," was added to the set.",[14,96572,96573,96574,96577],{},"One important thing to remember: ",[435,96575,96576],{},"sets are unordered collections",". That means you should not rely on the printed order of values.",[14,96579,96580],{},"For example, this is also valid output:",[46,96582,96584],{"className":48,"code":96583,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'blue', 'red', 'green'}\n",[18,96585,96586],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,96587,96588,96590,96592,96594,96596,96598,96600,96602,96604,96606,96608,96610,96612],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,96589,9315],{"class":65},[55,96591,1923],{"class":109},[55,96593,13155],{"class":129},[55,96595,1923],{"class":109},[55,96597,163],{"class":65},[55,96599,1918],{"class":109},[55,96601,13138],{"class":129},[55,96603,1923],{"class":109},[55,96605,163],{"class":65},[55,96607,1918],{"class":109},[55,96609,17505],{"class":129},[55,96611,1923],{"class":109},[55,96613,9346],{"class":65},[14,96615,96616],{},"The values are the same. Only the display order is different.",[41,96618,96620],{"id":96619},"what-happens-with-duplicate-values","What happens with duplicate values",[14,96622,96623],{},"Sets store unique values only. If you try to add a value that is already in the set, Python does not raise an error.",[46,96625,96627],{"className":48,"code":96626,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,96628,96629,96649,96663,96667],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,96630,96631,96633,96635,96637,96639,96641,96643,96645,96647],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,96632,1168],{"class":902},[55,96634,906],{"class":703},[55,96636,10529],{"class":65},[55,96638,93],{"class":75},[55,96640,163],{"class":65},[55,96642,166],{"class":75},[55,96644,163],{"class":65},[55,96646,171],{"class":75},[55,96648,9346],{"class":65},[55,96650,96651,96653,96655,96657,96659,96661],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,96652,332],{"class":902},[55,96654,29],{"class":65},[55,96656,82179],{"class":318},[55,96658,66],{"class":65},[55,96660,707],{"class":75},[55,96662,322],{"class":65},[55,96664,96665],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,96666,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,96668,96669,96671,96673,96675],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,96670,62],{"class":61},[55,96672,66],{"class":65},[55,96674,332],{"class":318},[55,96676,322],{"class":65},[14,96678,96679],{},[435,96680,281],{},[46,96682,96684],{"className":48,"code":96683,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{1, 2, 3}\n",[18,96685,96686],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,96687,96688,96690,96692,96694,96696,96698,96700],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,96689,9315],{"class":65},[55,96691,93],{"class":75},[55,96693,163],{"class":65},[55,96695,166],{"class":75},[55,96697,163],{"class":65},[55,96699,171],{"class":75},[55,96701,9346],{"class":65},[14,96703,96704,96705,96707],{},"The set stays the same because ",[18,96706,707],{}," was already present.",[41,96709,96711,10624,96713],{"id":96710},"add-vs-update",[18,96712,96279],{},[18,96714,15001],{},[14,96716,212,96717,96719,96720,29],{},[18,96718,96279],{}," when you want to add ",[435,96721,52726],{},[46,96723,96725],{"className":48,"code":96724,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.add(\"c\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[18,96726,96727,96751,96769,96773],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,96728,96729,96731,96733,96735,96737,96739,96741,96743,96745,96747,96749],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,96730,36151],{"class":902},[55,96732,906],{"class":703},[55,96734,10529],{"class":65},[55,96736,126],{"class":109},[55,96738,294],{"class":129},[55,96740,126],{"class":109},[55,96742,163],{"class":65},[55,96744,793],{"class":109},[55,96746,5046],{"class":129},[55,96748,126],{"class":109},[55,96750,9346],{"class":65},[55,96752,96753,96755,96757,96759,96761,96763,96765,96767],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,96754,36204],{"class":902},[55,96756,29],{"class":65},[55,96758,82179],{"class":318},[55,96760,66],{"class":65},[55,96762,126],{"class":109},[55,96764,9777],{"class":129},[55,96766,126],{"class":109},[55,96768,322],{"class":65},[55,96770,96771],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,96772,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,96774,96775,96777,96779,96781],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,96776,62],{"class":61},[55,96778,66],{"class":65},[55,96780,36204],{"class":318},[55,96782,322],{"class":65},[14,96784,212,96785,96719,96787,96790],{},[18,96786,15001],{},[435,96788,96789],{},"multiple items from an iterable"," such as a list, tuple, or set.",[46,96792,96794],{"className":48,"code":96793,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.update([\"c\", \"d\", \"e\"])\n\nprint(letters)\n",[18,96795,96796,96820,96854,96858],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,96797,96798,96800,96802,96804,96806,96808,96810,96812,96814,96816,96818],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,96799,36151],{"class":902},[55,96801,906],{"class":703},[55,96803,10529],{"class":65},[55,96805,126],{"class":109},[55,96807,294],{"class":129},[55,96809,126],{"class":109},[55,96811,163],{"class":65},[55,96813,793],{"class":109},[55,96815,5046],{"class":129},[55,96817,126],{"class":109},[55,96819,9346],{"class":65},[55,96821,96822,96824,96826,96828,96830,96832,96834,96836,96838,96840,96842,96844,96846,96848,96850,96852],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,96823,36204],{"class":902},[55,96825,29],{"class":65},[55,96827,30520],{"class":318},[55,96829,158],{"class":65},[55,96831,126],{"class":109},[55,96833,9777],{"class":129},[55,96835,126],{"class":109},[55,96837,163],{"class":65},[55,96839,793],{"class":109},[55,96841,18818],{"class":129},[55,96843,126],{"class":109},[55,96845,163],{"class":65},[55,96847,793],{"class":109},[55,96849,60519],{"class":129},[55,96851,126],{"class":109},[55,96853,4174],{"class":65},[55,96855,96856],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,96857,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,96859,96860,96862,96864,96866],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,96861,62],{"class":61},[55,96863,66],{"class":65},[55,96865,36204],{"class":318},[55,96867,322],{"class":65},[889,96869,96871],{"id":96870},"key-difference","Key difference",[240,96873,96874,96879],{},[243,96875,96876,96878],{},[18,96877,96279],{}," adds one item",[243,96880,96881,96883],{},[18,96882,15001],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable",[14,96885,96886,96887,29],{},"If you want to learn that method next, see ",[294,96888,96890,96891,10780],{"href":96889},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","Python set ",[18,96892,15001],{},[41,96894,17468],{"id":17467},[14,96896,96897,1265,96899,29],{},[18,96898,96284],{},[18,96900,481],{},[14,96902,96903,96904,96906],{},"That means you should ",[435,96905,4916],{}," assign its result back to the variable.",[889,96908,96910],{"id":96909},"correct","Correct",[46,96912,96914],{"className":48,"code":96913,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[18,96915,96916,96936,96950,96954],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,96917,96918,96920,96922,96924,96926,96928,96930,96932,96934],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,96919,15676],{"class":902},[55,96921,906],{"class":703},[55,96923,10529],{"class":65},[55,96925,93],{"class":75},[55,96927,163],{"class":65},[55,96929,166],{"class":75},[55,96931,163],{"class":65},[55,96933,171],{"class":75},[55,96935,9346],{"class":65},[55,96937,96938,96940,96942,96944,96946,96948],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,96939,15714],{"class":902},[55,96941,29],{"class":65},[55,96943,82179],{"class":318},[55,96945,66],{"class":65},[55,96947,2807],{"class":75},[55,96949,322],{"class":65},[55,96951,96952],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,96953,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,96955,96956,96958,96960,96962],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,96957,62],{"class":61},[55,96959,66],{"class":65},[55,96961,15714],{"class":318},[55,96963,322],{"class":65},[889,96965,96966],{"id":61841},"Wrong",[46,96968,96970],{"className":48,"code":96969,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[18,96971,96972,96992,97011,97015],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,96973,96974,96976,96978,96980,96982,96984,96986,96988,96990],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,96975,15676],{"class":902},[55,96977,906],{"class":703},[55,96979,10529],{"class":65},[55,96981,93],{"class":75},[55,96983,163],{"class":65},[55,96985,166],{"class":75},[55,96987,163],{"class":65},[55,96989,171],{"class":75},[55,96991,9346],{"class":65},[55,96993,96994,96996,96998,97001,97003,97005,97007,97009],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,96995,15676],{"class":902},[55,96997,906],{"class":703},[55,96999,97000],{"class":902}," my_set",[55,97002,29],{"class":65},[55,97004,82179],{"class":318},[55,97006,66],{"class":65},[55,97008,2807],{"class":75},[55,97010,322],{"class":65},[55,97012,97013],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,97014,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,97016,97017,97019,97021,97023],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,97018,62],{"class":61},[55,97020,66],{"class":65},[55,97022,15714],{"class":318},[55,97024,322],{"class":65},[14,97026,97027],{},[435,97028,281],{},[46,97030,97031],{"className":48,"code":11851,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,97032,97033],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,97034,97035],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,97036,11851],{"class":187},[14,97038,97039],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. The method changes the original set directly.",[41,97041,97043],{"id":97042},"items-you-can-and-cannot-add","Items you can and cannot add",[14,97045,97046],{},"You can add hashable values such as:",[240,97048,97049,97051,97053,97055],{},[243,97050,56532],{},[243,97052,56535],{},[243,97054,96459],{},[243,97056,40659],{},[14,97058,358],{},[46,97060,97062],{"className":48,"code":97061,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = set()\n\nitems.add(10)\nitems.add(\"hello\")\nitems.add((1, 2))\nitems.add(True)\n\nprint(items)\n",[18,97063,97064,97074,97078,97092,97110,97128,97142,97146],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,97065,97066,97068,97070,97072],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,97067,903],{"class":902},[55,97069,906],{"class":703},[55,97071,15681],{"class":69},[55,97073,1789],{"class":65},[55,97075,97076],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,97077,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,97079,97080,97082,97084,97086,97088,97090],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,97081,937],{"class":902},[55,97083,29],{"class":65},[55,97085,82179],{"class":318},[55,97087,66],{"class":65},[55,97089,376],{"class":75},[55,97091,322],{"class":65},[55,97093,97094,97096,97098,97100,97102,97104,97106,97108],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,97095,937],{"class":902},[55,97097,29],{"class":65},[55,97099,82179],{"class":318},[55,97101,66],{"class":65},[55,97103,126],{"class":109},[55,97105,130],{"class":129},[55,97107,126],{"class":109},[55,97109,322],{"class":65},[55,97111,97112,97114,97116,97118,97120,97122,97124,97126],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,97113,937],{"class":902},[55,97115,29],{"class":65},[55,97117,82179],{"class":318},[55,97119,760],{"class":65},[55,97121,93],{"class":75},[55,97123,163],{"class":65},[55,97125,166],{"class":75},[55,97127,79],{"class":65},[55,97129,97130,97132,97134,97136,97138,97140],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,97131,937],{"class":902},[55,97133,29],{"class":65},[55,97135,82179],{"class":318},[55,97137,66],{"class":65},[55,97139,24],{"class":187},[55,97141,322],{"class":65},[55,97143,97144],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,97145,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,97147,97148,97150,97152,97154],{"class":57,"line":582},[55,97149,62],{"class":61},[55,97151,66],{"class":65},[55,97153,937],{"class":318},[55,97155,322],{"class":65},[14,97157,97158],{},"You cannot add mutable values such as:",[240,97160,97161,97164,97167],{},[243,97162,97163],{},"Lists",[243,97165,97166],{},"Dictionaries",[243,97168,97169],{},"Sets",[14,97171,97172],{},"Example that causes an error:",[46,97174,97176],{"className":48,"code":97175,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.add([4, 5])\n",[18,97177,97178,97198],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,97179,97180,97182,97184,97186,97188,97190,97192,97194,97196],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,97181,903],{"class":902},[55,97183,906],{"class":703},[55,97185,10529],{"class":65},[55,97187,93],{"class":75},[55,97189,163],{"class":65},[55,97191,166],{"class":75},[55,97193,163],{"class":65},[55,97195,171],{"class":75},[55,97197,9346],{"class":65},[55,97199,97200,97202,97204,97206,97208,97210,97212,97214],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,97201,937],{"class":902},[55,97203,29],{"class":65},[55,97205,82179],{"class":318},[55,97207,158],{"class":65},[55,97209,2807],{"class":75},[55,97211,163],{"class":65},[55,97213,4890],{"class":75},[55,97215,4174],{"class":65},[14,97217,97218],{},[435,97219,29736],{},[46,97221,97223],{"className":48,"code":97222,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'\n",[18,97224,97225],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,97226,97227,97229,97231,97234,97236,97238,97240,97242],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,97228,3303],{"class":69},[55,97230,790],{"class":65},[55,97232,97233],{"class":902}," unhashable ",[55,97235,1879],{"class":69},[55,97237,790],{"class":65},[55,97239,1918],{"class":109},[55,97241,1229],{"class":129},[55,97243,29755],{"class":109},[14,97245,97246],{},"This happens because lists are mutable, so they cannot be stored as set items.",[14,97248,97249,97250,29],{},"If you get this error, see how to fix ",[18,97251,97252],{},"TypeError: unhashable type",[41,97254,1586],{"id":1585},[14,97256,14780,97257,790],{},[18,97258,96284],{},[240,97260,97261,97266,97271,97274,97281],{},[243,97262,1556,97263,97265],{},[18,97264,96279],{}," when you need to insert multiple values",[243,97267,1595,97268,97270],{},[18,97269,96279],{}," to return the updated set",[243,97272,97273],{},"Trying to add a list or dictionary to a set",[243,97275,37266,97276,97278,97279],{},[18,97277,96284],{}," with list ",[18,97280,52722],{},[243,97282,97283],{},"Expecting sets to keep insertion order for display logic",[14,97285,71579],{},[46,97287,97289],{"className":48,"code":97288,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nhelp(set.add)\n",[18,97290,97291,97301,97315,97325,97339],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,97292,97293,97295,97297,97299],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,97294,62],{"class":61},[55,97296,66],{"class":65},[55,97298,15714],{"class":318},[55,97300,322],{"class":65},[55,97302,97303,97305,97307,97309,97311,97313],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,97304,62],{"class":61},[55,97306,66],{"class":65},[55,97308,1879],{"class":69},[55,97310,66],{"class":65},[55,97312,15714],{"class":318},[55,97314,79],{"class":65},[55,97316,97317,97319,97321,97323],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,97318,62],{"class":61},[55,97320,66],{"class":65},[55,97322,319],{"class":318},[55,97324,322],{"class":65},[55,97326,97327,97329,97331,97333,97335,97337],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,97328,62],{"class":61},[55,97330,66],{"class":65},[55,97332,1879],{"class":69},[55,97334,66],{"class":65},[55,97336,319],{"class":318},[55,97338,79],{"class":65},[55,97340,97341,97343,97345,97347,97349,97351],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,97342,32209],{"class":61},[55,97344,66],{"class":65},[55,97346,576],{"class":69},[55,97348,29],{"class":65},[55,97350,82179],{"class":24803},[55,97352,322],{"class":65},[14,97354,97355,97356,97358,97359,29],{},"Also remember that ",[18,97357,96284],{}," is not the same as adding items to a list. If you are working with lists instead, see ",[294,97360,53119],{"href":97361},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python",[41,97363,2139],{"id":2138},[889,97365,12748,97367,97369],{"id":97366},"does-setadd-return-a-new-set",[18,97368,96284],{}," return a new set?",[14,97371,97372,97373,29],{},"No. It changes the existing set and returns ",[18,97374,481],{},[889,97376,97378],{"id":97377},"what-if-i-add-a-value-that-is-already-in-the-set","What if I add a value that is already in the set?",[14,97380,97381],{},"Nothing breaks. The set stays the same because sets keep only unique values.",[889,97383,97385],{"id":97384},"how-do-i-add-more-than-one-item-to-a-set","How do I add more than one item to a set?",[14,97387,212,97388,11132,97391,29],{},[18,97389,97390],{},"set.update()",[18,97392,96279],{},[889,97394,97396],{"id":97395},"can-i-add-a-list-to-a-set","Can I add a list to a set?",[14,97398,97399,97400,29],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so Python raises a ",[18,97401,3303],{},[41,97403,2193],{"id":2192},[240,97405,97406,97410,97415],{},[243,97407,97408],{},[294,97409,96404],{"href":96403},[243,97411,97412],{},[294,97413,97414],{"href":96407},"How to create a set in Python",[243,97416,97417],{},[294,97418,96890,97419,10780],{"href":96889},[18,97420,15001],{},[14,97422,97423,97424,97426],{},"Once you understand ",[18,97425,96279],{},", the next useful step is learning when to use a set, list, or another collection type so you can choose the right method for the task.",[2226,97428,97429],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":97431},[97432,97433,97435,97436,97437,97438,97442,97446,97447,97448,97455],{"id":2307,"depth":82,"text":2308},{"id":96376,"depth":82,"text":97434},"What set.add() does",{"id":2459,"depth":82,"text":2460},{"id":11516,"depth":82,"text":11517},{"id":96619,"depth":82,"text":96620},{"id":96710,"depth":82,"text":97439,"children":97440},"add() vs update()",[97441],{"id":96870,"depth":98,"text":96871},{"id":17467,"depth":82,"text":17468,"children":97443},[97444,97445],{"id":96909,"depth":98,"text":96910},{"id":61841,"depth":98,"text":96966},{"id":97042,"depth":82,"text":97043},{"id":1585,"depth":82,"text":1586},{"id":2138,"depth":82,"text":2139,"children":97449},[97450,97452,97453,97454],{"id":97366,"depth":98,"text":97451},"Does set.add() return a new set?",{"id":97377,"depth":98,"text":97378},{"id":97384,"depth":98,"text":97385},{"id":97395,"depth":98,"text":97396},{"id":2192,"depth":82,"text":2193},"Master python set add method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method",{"title":96270,"description":97456},"reference\u002Fpython-set-add-method","9I9TzJ60fjl-DGg9PZdc1Vb3FA6ASoe34_STMZ7XW50",{"id":97463,"title":97464,"body":97465,"description":98634,"extension":2267,"meta":98635,"navigation":1121,"path":98636,"seo":98637,"stem":98638,"__hash__":98639},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method.md","Python Set clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":97466,"toc":98601},[97467,97472,97478,97485,97530,97532,97543,97548,97553,97557,97571,97576,97578,97580,97595,97597,97611,97613,97615,97680,97682,97692,97694,97712,97718,97725,97730,97804,97806,97823,97829,97834,97905,97907,97934,97951,97954,97960,97962,97969,97973,98040,98042,98057,98060,98113,98115,98123,98135,98137,98141,98146,98148,98197,98199,98207,98209,98254,98256,98266,98272,98280,98293,98299,98301,98330,98332,98350,98354,98357,98388,98390,98408,98412,98487,98489,98505,98512,98514,98519,98524,98530,98533,98537,98545,98552,98560,98562,98598],[10,97468,96276,97470,11363],{"id":97469},"python-set-clear-method",[18,97471,11362],{},[14,97473,97474,97477],{},[18,97475,97476],{},"set.clear()"," removes all items from a set.",[14,97479,97480,97481,97484],{},"Use it when you want to empty a set ",[435,97482,97483],{},"without changing the variable itself",". This method changes the existing set in place, which is important when the same set is used in more than one place.",[46,97486,97488],{"className":48,"code":97487,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.clear()\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,97489,97490,97510,97520],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,97491,97492,97494,97496,97498,97500,97502,97504,97506,97508],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,97493,1168],{"class":902},[55,97495,906],{"class":703},[55,97497,10529],{"class":65},[55,97499,93],{"class":75},[55,97501,163],{"class":65},[55,97503,166],{"class":75},[55,97505,163],{"class":65},[55,97507,171],{"class":75},[55,97509,9346],{"class":65},[55,97511,97512,97514,97516,97518],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,97513,332],{"class":902},[55,97515,29],{"class":65},[55,97517,11424],{"class":318},[55,97519,1789],{"class":65},[55,97521,97522,97524,97526,97528],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,97523,62],{"class":61},[55,97525,66],{"class":65},[55,97527,332],{"class":318},[55,97529,322],{"class":65},[14,97531,281],{},[46,97533,97535],{"className":48,"code":97534,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"set()\n",[18,97536,97537],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,97538,97539,97541],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,97540,576],{"class":69},[55,97542,1789],{"class":65},[14,97544,97545,97547],{},[18,97546,11362],{}," removes all items from the set in place. It does not create a new set.",[41,97549,3970,97551,3973],{"id":97550},"what-setclear-does",[18,97552,97476],{},[14,97554,16,97555,11454],{},[18,97556,11362],{},[240,97558,97559,97562,97564,97568],{},[243,97560,97561],{},"Removes every item from a set",[243,97563,96391],{},[243,97565,11465,97566],{},[18,97567,481],{},[243,97569,97570],{},"Works on mutable set objects",[14,97572,96400,97573,71678],{},[294,97574,96404],{"href":97575},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained\u002F",[41,97577,2460],{"id":2459},[14,97579,54517],{},[46,97581,97583],{"className":48,"code":97582,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_set.clear()\n",[18,97584,97585],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,97586,97587,97589,97591,97593],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,97588,15714],{"class":902},[55,97590,29],{"class":65},[55,97592,11424],{"class":318},[55,97594,1789],{"class":65},[14,97596,13097],{},[240,97598,97599,97602,97605,97608],{},[243,97600,97601],{},"It takes no arguments",[243,97603,97604],{},"It empties the set",[243,97606,97607],{},"It keeps the same set variable",[243,97609,97610],{},"Use it when you want the set to stay the same object, but have no items in it",[41,97612,11517],{"id":11516},[14,97614,11520],{},[46,97616,97618],{"className":48,"code":97617,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = {\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"}\n\ncolors.clear()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[18,97619,97620,97652,97656,97666,97670],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,97621,97622,97624,97626,97628,97630,97632,97634,97636,97638,97640,97642,97644,97646,97648,97650],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,97623,13121],{"class":902},[55,97625,906],{"class":703},[55,97627,10529],{"class":65},[55,97629,126],{"class":109},[55,97631,13138],{"class":129},[55,97633,126],{"class":109},[55,97635,163],{"class":65},[55,97637,793],{"class":109},[55,97639,17505],{"class":129},[55,97641,126],{"class":109},[55,97643,163],{"class":65},[55,97645,793],{"class":109},[55,97647,13155],{"class":129},[55,97649,126],{"class":109},[55,97651,9346],{"class":65},[55,97653,97654],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,97655,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,97657,97658,97660,97662,97664],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,97659,17552],{"class":902},[55,97661,29],{"class":65},[55,97663,11424],{"class":318},[55,97665,1789],{"class":65},[55,97667,97668],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,97669,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,97671,97672,97674,97676,97678],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,97673,62],{"class":61},[55,97675,66],{"class":65},[55,97677,17552],{"class":318},[55,97679,322],{"class":65},[14,97681,281],{},[46,97683,97684],{"className":48,"code":97534,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,97685,97686],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,97687,97688,97690],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,97689,576],{"class":69},[55,97691,1789],{"class":65},[14,97693,11726],{},[240,97695,97696,97701,97706],{},[243,97697,97698,97700],{},[18,97699,17552],{}," starts with three values",[243,97702,97703,11739],{},[18,97704,97705],{},"colors.clear()",[243,97707,97708,97709,97711],{},"Printing the set shows ",[18,97710,476],{},", which means an empty set",[41,97713,97715,97717],{"id":97714},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-set",[18,97716,11362],{}," vs creating a new empty set",[14,97719,97720,4679,97722,97724],{},[18,97721,11362],{},[18,97723,476],{}," can both give you an empty set, but they do not work the same way.",[889,97726,1556,97728],{"id":97727},"using-clear",[18,97729,11362],{},[46,97731,97733],{"className":48,"code":97732,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems.clear()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[18,97734,97735,97755,97765,97769,97779,97783,97793],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,97736,97737,97739,97741,97743,97745,97747,97749,97751,97753],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,97738,903],{"class":902},[55,97740,906],{"class":703},[55,97742,10529],{"class":65},[55,97744,93],{"class":75},[55,97746,163],{"class":65},[55,97748,166],{"class":75},[55,97750,163],{"class":65},[55,97752,171],{"class":75},[55,97754,9346],{"class":65},[55,97756,97757,97760,97762],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,97758,97759],{"class":902},"other_name ",[55,97761,906],{"class":703},[55,97763,97764],{"class":902}," items\n",[55,97766,97767],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,97768,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,97770,97771,97773,97775,97777],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,97772,937],{"class":902},[55,97774,29],{"class":65},[55,97776,11424],{"class":318},[55,97778,1789],{"class":65},[55,97780,97781],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,97782,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,97784,97785,97787,97789,97791],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,97786,62],{"class":61},[55,97788,66],{"class":65},[55,97790,937],{"class":318},[55,97792,322],{"class":65},[55,97794,97795,97797,97799,97802],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,97796,62],{"class":61},[55,97798,66],{"class":65},[55,97800,97801],{"class":318},"other_name",[55,97803,322],{"class":65},[14,97805,281],{},[46,97807,97809],{"className":48,"code":97808,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"set()\nset()\n",[18,97810,97811,97817],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,97812,97813,97815],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,97814,576],{"class":69},[55,97816,1789],{"class":65},[55,97818,97819,97821],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,97820,576],{"class":69},[55,97822,1789],{"class":65},[14,97824,97825,97826,29],{},"Both variables now show an empty set because they refer to the ",[435,97827,97828],{},"same set object",[889,97830,1556,97832],{"id":97831},"using-set",[18,97833,476],{},[46,97835,97837],{"className":48,"code":97836,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems = set()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[18,97838,97839,97859,97867,97871,97881,97885,97895],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,97840,97841,97843,97845,97847,97849,97851,97853,97855,97857],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,97842,903],{"class":902},[55,97844,906],{"class":703},[55,97846,10529],{"class":65},[55,97848,93],{"class":75},[55,97850,163],{"class":65},[55,97852,166],{"class":75},[55,97854,163],{"class":65},[55,97856,171],{"class":75},[55,97858,9346],{"class":65},[55,97860,97861,97863,97865],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,97862,97759],{"class":902},[55,97864,906],{"class":703},[55,97866,97764],{"class":902},[55,97868,97869],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,97870,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,97872,97873,97875,97877,97879],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,97874,903],{"class":902},[55,97876,906],{"class":703},[55,97878,15681],{"class":69},[55,97880,1789],{"class":65},[55,97882,97883],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,97884,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,97886,97887,97889,97891,97893],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,97888,62],{"class":61},[55,97890,66],{"class":65},[55,97892,937],{"class":318},[55,97894,322],{"class":65},[55,97896,97897,97899,97901,97903],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,97898,62],{"class":61},[55,97900,66],{"class":65},[55,97902,97801],{"class":318},[55,97904,322],{"class":65},[14,97906,281],{},[46,97908,97910],{"className":48,"code":97909,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"set()\n{1, 2, 3}\n",[18,97911,97912,97918],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,97913,97914,97916],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,97915,576],{"class":69},[55,97917,1789],{"class":65},[55,97919,97920,97922,97924,97926,97928,97930,97932],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,97921,9315],{"class":65},[55,97923,93],{"class":75},[55,97925,163],{"class":65},[55,97927,166],{"class":75},[55,97929,163],{"class":65},[55,97931,171],{"class":75},[55,97933,9346],{"class":65},[14,97935,20822,97936,93168,97939,97942,97943,29,97945,97947,97948,97950],{},[18,97937,97938],{},"items = set()",[435,97940,97941],{},"new empty set object"," and assigns it to ",[18,97944,937],{},[9884,97946],{},"\nBut ",[18,97949,97801],{}," still points to the original set.",[14,97952,97953],{},"This difference matters when more than one variable refers to the same set.",[14,97955,97956,97957,29],{},"If you need help creating sets correctly, see ",[294,97958,96408],{"href":97959},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set\u002F",[41,97961,17468],{"id":17467},[14,97963,97964,14100,97966,97968],{},[18,97965,11362],{},[435,97967,4916],{}," return the emptied set.",[14,97970,2157,97971,29],{},[18,97972,481],{},[46,97974,97976],{"className":48,"code":97975,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,97977,97978,97998,98002,98016,98020,98030],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,97979,97980,97982,97984,97986,97988,97990,97992,97994,97996],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,97981,1168],{"class":902},[55,97983,906],{"class":703},[55,97985,10529],{"class":65},[55,97987,93],{"class":75},[55,97989,163],{"class":65},[55,97991,166],{"class":75},[55,97993,163],{"class":65},[55,97995,171],{"class":75},[55,97997,9346],{"class":65},[55,97999,98000],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,98001,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,98003,98004,98006,98008,98010,98012,98014],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,98005,2534],{"class":902},[55,98007,906],{"class":703},[55,98009,1196],{"class":902},[55,98011,29],{"class":65},[55,98013,11424],{"class":318},[55,98015,1789],{"class":65},[55,98017,98018],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,98019,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,98021,98022,98024,98026,98028],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,98023,62],{"class":61},[55,98025,66],{"class":65},[55,98027,2569],{"class":318},[55,98029,322],{"class":65},[55,98031,98032,98034,98036,98038],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,98033,62],{"class":61},[55,98035,66],{"class":65},[55,98037,332],{"class":318},[55,98039,322],{"class":65},[14,98041,281],{},[46,98043,98045],{"className":48,"code":98044,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"None\nset()\n",[18,98046,98047,98051],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,98048,98049],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,98050,11851],{"class":187},[55,98052,98053,98055],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,98054,576],{"class":69},[55,98056,1789],{"class":65},[14,98058,98059],{},"Do not do this:",[46,98061,98063],{"className":48,"code":98062,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,98064,98065,98085,98099,98103],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,98066,98067,98069,98071,98073,98075,98077,98079,98081,98083],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,98068,1168],{"class":902},[55,98070,906],{"class":703},[55,98072,10529],{"class":65},[55,98074,93],{"class":75},[55,98076,163],{"class":65},[55,98078,166],{"class":75},[55,98080,163],{"class":65},[55,98082,171],{"class":75},[55,98084,9346],{"class":65},[55,98086,98087,98089,98091,98093,98095,98097],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,98088,1168],{"class":902},[55,98090,906],{"class":703},[55,98092,1196],{"class":902},[55,98094,29],{"class":65},[55,98096,11424],{"class":318},[55,98098,1789],{"class":65},[55,98100,98101],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,98102,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,98104,98105,98107,98109,98111],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,98106,62],{"class":61},[55,98108,66],{"class":65},[55,98110,332],{"class":318},[55,98112,322],{"class":65},[14,98114,281],{},[46,98116,98117],{"className":48,"code":11851,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,98118,98119],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,98120,98121],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,98122,11851],{"class":187},[14,98124,22241,98125,1265,98127,98129,98130,98132,98133,29],{},[18,98126,54630],{},[18,98128,481],{},", and then you assign that ",[18,98131,481],{}," back to ",[18,98134,332],{},[41,98136,4803],{"id":4802},[14,98138,10787,98139,29],{},[18,98140,97476],{},[889,98142,12638,98144],{"id":98143},"assigning-the-result-of-clear",[18,98145,11362],{},[14,98147,16692],{},[46,98149,98151],{"className":48,"code":98150,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[18,98152,98153,98173,98187],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,98154,98155,98157,98159,98161,98163,98165,98167,98169,98171],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,98156,15676],{"class":902},[55,98158,906],{"class":703},[55,98160,10529],{"class":65},[55,98162,93],{"class":75},[55,98164,163],{"class":65},[55,98166,166],{"class":75},[55,98168,163],{"class":65},[55,98170,171],{"class":75},[55,98172,9346],{"class":65},[55,98174,98175,98177,98179,98181,98183,98185],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,98176,15676],{"class":902},[55,98178,906],{"class":703},[55,98180,97000],{"class":902},[55,98182,29],{"class":65},[55,98184,11424],{"class":318},[55,98186,1789],{"class":65},[55,98188,98189,98191,98193,98195],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,98190,62],{"class":61},[55,98192,66],{"class":65},[55,98194,15714],{"class":318},[55,98196,322],{"class":65},[14,98198,281],{},[46,98200,98201],{"className":48,"code":11851,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,98202,98203],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,98204,98205],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,98206,11851],{"class":187},[14,98208,16704],{},[46,98210,98212],{"className":48,"code":98211,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[18,98213,98214,98234,98244],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,98215,98216,98218,98220,98222,98224,98226,98228,98230,98232],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,98217,15676],{"class":902},[55,98219,906],{"class":703},[55,98221,10529],{"class":65},[55,98223,93],{"class":75},[55,98225,163],{"class":65},[55,98227,166],{"class":75},[55,98229,163],{"class":65},[55,98231,171],{"class":75},[55,98233,9346],{"class":65},[55,98235,98236,98238,98240,98242],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,98237,15714],{"class":902},[55,98239,29],{"class":65},[55,98241,11424],{"class":318},[55,98243,1789],{"class":65},[55,98245,98246,98248,98250,98252],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,98247,62],{"class":61},[55,98249,66],{"class":65},[55,98251,15714],{"class":318},[55,98253,322],{"class":65},[14,98255,281],{},[46,98257,98258],{"className":48,"code":97534,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,98259,98260],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,98261,98262,98264],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,98263,576],{"class":69},[55,98265,1789],{"class":65},[889,98267,1595,98269,98271],{"id":98268},"expecting-clear-to-remove-only-one-item",[18,98270,11362],{}," to remove only one item",[14,98273,98274,98276,98277,98279],{},[18,98275,11362],{}," removes ",[435,98278,4009],{}," items from the set.",[14,98281,98282,98283,25,98288,29],{},"If you want to remove a single value, use methods like ",[294,98284,98286],{"href":98285},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method\u002F",[18,98287,55599],{},[294,98289,98291],{"href":98290},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method\u002F",[18,98292,12807],{},[889,98294,1556,98296,98298],{"id":98295},"using-for-an-empty-set",[18,98297,471],{}," for an empty set",[14,98300,25744],{},[46,98302,98304],{"className":48,"code":98303,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"empty_value = {}\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[18,98305,98306,98315],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,98307,98308,98311,98313],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,98309,98310],{"class":902},"empty_value ",[55,98312,906],{"class":703},[55,98314,9876],{"class":65},[55,98316,98317,98319,98321,98323,98325,98328],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,98318,62],{"class":61},[55,98320,66],{"class":65},[55,98322,1879],{"class":69},[55,98324,66],{"class":65},[55,98326,98327],{"class":318},"empty_value",[55,98329,79],{"class":65},[14,98331,281],{},[46,98333,98334],{"className":48,"code":1962,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,98335,98336],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,98337,98338,98340,98342,98344,98346,98348],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,98339,1911],{"class":703},[55,98341,1915],{"class":1914},[55,98343,1918],{"class":109},[55,98345,1975],{"class":129},[55,98347,1923],{"class":109},[55,98349,1926],{"class":703},[14,98351,98352,1942],{},[18,98353,471],{},[14,98355,98356],{},"To create an empty set, use:",[46,98358,98360],{"className":48,"code":98359,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"empty_set = set()\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[18,98361,98362,98373],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,98363,98364,98367,98369,98371],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,98365,98366],{"class":902},"empty_set ",[55,98368,906],{"class":703},[55,98370,15681],{"class":69},[55,98372,1789],{"class":65},[55,98374,98375,98377,98379,98381,98383,98386],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,98376,62],{"class":61},[55,98378,66],{"class":65},[55,98380,1879],{"class":69},[55,98382,66],{"class":65},[55,98384,98385],{"class":318},"empty_set",[55,98387,79],{"class":65},[14,98389,281],{},[46,98391,98392],{"className":48,"code":2006,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,98393,98394],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,98395,98396,98398,98400,98402,98404,98406],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,98397,1911],{"class":703},[55,98399,1915],{"class":1914},[55,98401,1918],{"class":109},[55,98403,576],{"class":129},[55,98405,1923],{"class":109},[55,98407,1926],{"class":703},[889,98409,98411],{"id":98410},"not-realizing-another-variable-points-to-the-same-set","Not realizing another variable points to the same set",[46,98413,98415],{"className":48,"code":98414,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = {\"x\", \"y\"}\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\n",[18,98416,98417,98441,98449,98453,98463,98467,98477],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,98418,98419,98421,98423,98425,98427,98429,98431,98433,98435,98437,98439],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,98420,2857],{"class":902},[55,98422,906],{"class":703},[55,98424,10529],{"class":65},[55,98426,126],{"class":109},[55,98428,2477],{"class":129},[55,98430,126],{"class":109},[55,98432,163],{"class":65},[55,98434,793],{"class":109},[55,98436,11788],{"class":129},[55,98438,126],{"class":109},[55,98440,9346],{"class":65},[55,98442,98443,98445,98447],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,98444,2885],{"class":902},[55,98446,906],{"class":703},[55,98448,36236],{"class":902},[55,98450,98451],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,98452,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,98454,98455,98457,98459,98461],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,98456,294],{"class":902},[55,98458,29],{"class":65},[55,98460,11424],{"class":318},[55,98462,1789],{"class":65},[55,98464,98465],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,98466,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,98468,98469,98471,98473,98475],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,98470,62],{"class":61},[55,98472,66],{"class":65},[55,98474,294],{"class":318},[55,98476,322],{"class":65},[55,98478,98479,98481,98483,98485],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,98480,62],{"class":61},[55,98482,66],{"class":65},[55,98484,5046],{"class":318},[55,98486,322],{"class":65},[14,98488,281],{},[46,98490,98491],{"className":48,"code":97808,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,98492,98493,98499],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,98494,98495,98497],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,98496,576],{"class":69},[55,98498,1789],{"class":65},[55,98500,98501,98503],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,98502,576],{"class":69},[55,98504,1789],{"class":65},[14,98506,29116,98507,4679,98509,98511],{},[18,98508,294],{},[18,98510,5046],{}," refer to the same set, clearing one affects both.",[41,98513,2139],{"id":2138},[889,98515,5429,98517,5432],{"id":98516},"what-does-setclear-return-in-python",[18,98518,97476],{},[14,98520,2157,98521,98523],{},[18,98522,481],{},". It empties the set in place.",[889,98525,12748,98527,98529],{"id":98526},"does-clear-delete-the-set-variable",[18,98528,11362],{}," delete the set variable?",[14,98531,98532],{},"No. The variable still exists, but the set becomes empty.",[889,98534,98536],{"id":98535},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-set-after-clearing","How do I create an empty set after clearing?",[14,98538,98539,98540,98542,98543,29],{},"You already have one after ",[18,98541,11362],{},". Printing it shows ",[18,98544,476],{},[889,98546,5466,98548,4679,98550,2794],{"id":98547},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-set",[18,98549,11362],{},[18,98551,476],{},[14,98553,98554,98556,98557,98559],{},[18,98555,11362],{}," empties the existing set object. ",[18,98558,476],{}," creates a new empty set object.",[41,98561,2193],{"id":2192},[240,98563,98564,98568,98572,98579,98585,98591],{},[243,98565,98566],{},[294,98567,96404],{"href":97575},[243,98569,98570],{},[294,98571,97414],{"href":97959},[243,98573,98574],{},[294,98575,96890,98577,10780],{"href":98576},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method\u002F",[18,98578,96279],{},[243,98580,98581],{},[294,98582,96890,98583,10780],{"href":98285},[18,98584,55599],{},[243,98586,98587],{},[294,98588,96890,98589,10780],{"href":98290},[18,98590,12807],{},[243,98592,98593],{},[294,98594,96890,98596,10780],{"href":98595},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method\u002F",[18,98597,15001],{},[2226,98599,98600],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":98602},[98603,98605,98606,98607,98614,98615,98624,98633],{"id":97550,"depth":82,"text":98604},"What set.clear() does",{"id":2459,"depth":82,"text":2460},{"id":11516,"depth":82,"text":11517},{"id":97714,"depth":82,"text":98608,"children":98609},"clear() vs creating a new empty set",[98610,98612],{"id":97727,"depth":98,"text":98611},"Using clear()",{"id":97831,"depth":98,"text":98613},"Using set()",{"id":17467,"depth":82,"text":17468},{"id":4802,"depth":82,"text":4803,"children":98616},[98617,98619,98621,98623],{"id":98143,"depth":98,"text":98618},"Assigning the result of clear()",{"id":98268,"depth":98,"text":98620},"Expecting clear() to remove only one item",{"id":98295,"depth":98,"text":98622},"Using {} for an empty set",{"id":98410,"depth":98,"text":98411},{"id":2138,"depth":82,"text":2139,"children":98625},[98626,98628,98630,98631],{"id":98516,"depth":98,"text":98627},"What does set.clear() return in Python?",{"id":98526,"depth":98,"text":98629},"Does clear() delete the set variable?",{"id":98535,"depth":98,"text":98536},{"id":98547,"depth":98,"text":98632},"What is the difference between clear() and set()?",{"id":2192,"depth":82,"text":2193},"Master python set clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method",{"title":97464,"description":98634},"reference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method","an3xypUqNVPwtX2yUs0k-KfEaD7q5bOcJq4_cTEG7TM",{"id":98641,"title":98642,"body":98643,"description":100475,"extension":2267,"meta":100476,"navigation":1121,"path":96407,"seo":100477,"stem":100478,"__hash__":100479},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set.md","Python Set: Creating a Set",{"type":7,"value":98644,"toc":100432},[98645,98648,98651,98654,98656,98759,98763,98810,98816,98818,98837,98841,98844,98846,98860,98869,98873,98876,98911,98915,98935,98938,98942,98945,99006,99010,99035,99042,99048,99053,99055,99067,99071,99120,99124,99148,99155,99159,99200,99204,99225,99229,99262,99266,99307,99310,99314,99319,99358,99362,99387,99392,99398,99435,99439,99462,99466,99468,99471,99474,99551,99555,99592,99595,99599,99605,99608,99618,99667,99673,99679,99706,99709,99731,99733,99764,99767,99771,99775,99814,99818,99881,99884,99917,99921,99946,99948,99951,99957,99960,99987,99990,100008,100012,100016,100019,100062,100065,100069,100072,100075,100105,100108,100112,100115,100130,100135,100139,100142,100231,100233,100236,100326,100329,100347,100349,100353,100363,100367,100375,100379,100382,100386,100389,100393,100396,100398,100426,100429],[10,98646,98642],{"id":98647},"python-set-creating-a-set",[14,98649,98650],{},"This page shows how to create sets in Python, which syntax to use, and what happens with duplicates and empty sets.",[14,98652,98653],{},"A set is useful when you want a collection of unique values. Unlike a list, a set does not keep duplicate items.",[41,98655,44],{"id":43},[46,98657,98659],{"className":48,"code":98658,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nwords = set([\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\"])\nempty_set = set()\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(words)\nprint(empty_set)\n",[18,98660,98661,98681,98715,98725,98729,98739,98749],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,98662,98663,98665,98667,98669,98671,98673,98675,98677,98679],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,98664,1168],{"class":902},[55,98666,906],{"class":703},[55,98668,10529],{"class":65},[55,98670,93],{"class":75},[55,98672,163],{"class":65},[55,98674,166],{"class":75},[55,98676,163],{"class":65},[55,98678,171],{"class":75},[55,98680,9346],{"class":65},[55,98682,98683,98685,98687,98689,98691,98693,98695,98697,98699,98701,98703,98705,98707,98709,98711,98713],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,98684,4355],{"class":902},[55,98686,906],{"class":703},[55,98688,15681],{"class":69},[55,98690,158],{"class":65},[55,98692,126],{"class":109},[55,98694,4364],{"class":129},[55,98696,126],{"class":109},[55,98698,163],{"class":65},[55,98700,793],{"class":109},[55,98702,4373],{"class":129},[55,98704,126],{"class":109},[55,98706,163],{"class":65},[55,98708,793],{"class":109},[55,98710,4364],{"class":129},[55,98712,126],{"class":109},[55,98714,4174],{"class":65},[55,98716,98717,98719,98721,98723],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,98718,98366],{"class":902},[55,98720,906],{"class":703},[55,98722,15681],{"class":69},[55,98724,1789],{"class":65},[55,98726,98727],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,98728,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,98730,98731,98733,98735,98737],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,98732,62],{"class":61},[55,98734,66],{"class":65},[55,98736,332],{"class":318},[55,98738,322],{"class":65},[55,98740,98741,98743,98745,98747],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,98742,62],{"class":61},[55,98744,66],{"class":65},[55,98746,4399],{"class":318},[55,98748,322],{"class":65},[55,98750,98751,98753,98755,98757],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,98752,62],{"class":61},[55,98754,66],{"class":65},[55,98756,98385],{"class":318},[55,98758,322],{"class":65},[14,98760,98761],{},[435,98762,281],{},[46,98764,98766],{"className":48,"code":98765,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{1, 2, 3}\n{'banana', 'apple'}\nset()\n",[18,98767,98768,98784,98804],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,98769,98770,98772,98774,98776,98778,98780,98782],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,98771,9315],{"class":65},[55,98773,93],{"class":75},[55,98775,163],{"class":65},[55,98777,166],{"class":75},[55,98779,163],{"class":65},[55,98781,171],{"class":75},[55,98783,9346],{"class":65},[55,98785,98786,98788,98790,98792,98794,98796,98798,98800,98802],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,98787,9315],{"class":65},[55,98789,1923],{"class":109},[55,98791,4373],{"class":129},[55,98793,1923],{"class":109},[55,98795,163],{"class":65},[55,98797,1918],{"class":109},[55,98799,4364],{"class":129},[55,98801,1923],{"class":109},[55,98803,9346],{"class":65},[55,98805,98806,98808],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,98807,576],{"class":69},[55,98809,1789],{"class":65},[14,98811,98812,98813,98815],{},"Use curly braces with values for a non-empty set. Use ",[18,98814,476],{}," for an empty set.",[41,98817,15210],{"id":15209},[240,98819,98820,98823,98828,98831,98834],{},[243,98821,98822],{},"How to create a set with curly braces",[243,98824,98825,98826],{},"How to create a set with ",[18,98827,476],{},[243,98829,98830],{},"How to create an empty set correctly",[243,98832,98833],{},"What happens to duplicate values",[243,98835,98836],{},"How set creation differs from list, tuple, and dictionary creation",[41,98838,98840],{"id":98839},"what-a-set-is","What a set is",[14,98842,98843],{},"A set is a collection of unique values.",[14,98845,30596],{},[240,98847,98848,98851,98854,98857],{},[243,98849,98850],{},"Sets do not keep duplicate items",[243,98852,98853],{},"Sets are unordered",[243,98855,98856],{},"Sets do not use positions like list indexes",[243,98858,98859],{},"Sets are useful when you only care whether a value exists",[14,98861,98862,98863,25,98865,29],{},"If you want a full beginner explanation, see ",[294,98864,96404],{"href":97575},[294,98866,98868],{"href":98867},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-set-in-python\u002F","what is a set in Python",[41,98870,98872],{"id":98871},"create-a-set-with-curly-braces","Create a set with curly braces",[14,98874,98875],{},"Use curly braces with comma-separated values to create a non-empty set.",[46,98877,98879],{"className":48,"code":98878,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,98880,98881,98901],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,98882,98883,98885,98887,98889,98891,98893,98895,98897,98899],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,98884,1168],{"class":902},[55,98886,906],{"class":703},[55,98888,10529],{"class":65},[55,98890,93],{"class":75},[55,98892,163],{"class":65},[55,98894,166],{"class":75},[55,98896,163],{"class":65},[55,98898,171],{"class":75},[55,98900,9346],{"class":65},[55,98902,98903,98905,98907,98909],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,98904,62],{"class":61},[55,98906,66],{"class":65},[55,98908,332],{"class":318},[55,98910,322],{"class":65},[14,98912,98913],{},[435,98914,30085],{},[46,98916,98917],{"className":48,"code":96683,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,98918,98919],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,98920,98921,98923,98925,98927,98929,98931,98933],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,98922,9315],{"class":65},[55,98924,93],{"class":75},[55,98926,163],{"class":65},[55,98928,166],{"class":75},[55,98930,163],{"class":65},[55,98932,171],{"class":75},[55,98934,9346],{"class":65},[14,98936,98937],{},"This is the shortest way to create a set when you already know the values.",[889,98939,98941],{"id":98940},"duplicates-are-removed-automatically","Duplicates are removed automatically",[14,98943,98944],{},"If you repeat a value, Python keeps only one copy.",[46,98946,98948],{"className":48,"code":98947,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3}\nprint(numbers)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[18,98949,98950,98982,98992],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,98951,98952,98954,98956,98958,98960,98962,98964,98966,98968,98970,98972,98974,98976,98978,98980],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,98953,1168],{"class":902},[55,98955,906],{"class":703},[55,98957,10529],{"class":65},[55,98959,93],{"class":75},[55,98961,163],{"class":65},[55,98963,166],{"class":75},[55,98965,163],{"class":65},[55,98967,166],{"class":75},[55,98969,163],{"class":65},[55,98971,171],{"class":75},[55,98973,163],{"class":65},[55,98975,171],{"class":75},[55,98977,163],{"class":65},[55,98979,171],{"class":75},[55,98981,9346],{"class":65},[55,98983,98984,98986,98988,98990],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,98985,62],{"class":61},[55,98987,66],{"class":65},[55,98989,332],{"class":318},[55,98991,322],{"class":65},[55,98993,98994,98996,98998,99000,99002,99004],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,98995,62],{"class":61},[55,98997,66],{"class":65},[55,98999,11202],{"class":61},[55,99001,66],{"class":65},[55,99003,332],{"class":318},[55,99005,79],{"class":65},[14,99007,99008],{},[435,99009,30085],{},[46,99011,99013],{"className":48,"code":99012,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{1, 2, 3}\n3\n",[18,99014,99015,99031],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,99016,99017,99019,99021,99023,99025,99027,99029],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,99018,9315],{"class":65},[55,99020,93],{"class":75},[55,99022,163],{"class":65},[55,99024,166],{"class":75},[55,99026,163],{"class":65},[55,99028,171],{"class":75},[55,99030,9346],{"class":65},[55,99032,99033],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,99034,46684],{"class":75},[14,99036,21029,99037,4679,99039,99041],{},[18,99038,707],{},[18,99040,2366],{}," appeared more than once, the set stores each value only once.",[41,99043,99045,99046],{"id":99044},"create-a-set-with-set","Create a set with ",[18,99047,476],{},[14,99049,212,99050,99052],{},[18,99051,476],{}," when you want to build a set from another iterable.",[14,99054,5741],{},[240,99056,99057,99059,99061,99063],{},[243,99058,97163],{},[243,99060,96459],{},[243,99062,56535],{},[243,99064,99065],{},[18,99066,36259],{},[889,99068,99070],{"id":99069},"create-a-set-from-a-list","Create a set from a list",[46,99072,99074],{"className":48,"code":99073,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = set([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,99075,99076,99110],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,99077,99078,99080,99082,99084,99086,99088,99090,99092,99094,99096,99098,99100,99102,99104,99106,99108],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,99079,1168],{"class":902},[55,99081,906],{"class":703},[55,99083,15681],{"class":69},[55,99085,158],{"class":65},[55,99087,93],{"class":75},[55,99089,163],{"class":65},[55,99091,166],{"class":75},[55,99093,163],{"class":65},[55,99095,166],{"class":75},[55,99097,163],{"class":65},[55,99099,171],{"class":75},[55,99101,163],{"class":65},[55,99103,171],{"class":75},[55,99105,163],{"class":65},[55,99107,2759],{"class":75},[55,99109,4174],{"class":65},[55,99111,99112,99114,99116,99118],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,99113,62],{"class":61},[55,99115,66],{"class":65},[55,99117,332],{"class":318},[55,99119,322],{"class":65},[14,99121,99122],{},[435,99123,30085],{},[46,99125,99126],{"className":48,"code":96346,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,99127,99128],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,99129,99130,99132,99134,99136,99138,99140,99142,99144,99146],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,99131,9315],{"class":65},[55,99133,93],{"class":75},[55,99135,163],{"class":65},[55,99137,166],{"class":75},[55,99139,163],{"class":65},[55,99141,171],{"class":75},[55,99143,163],{"class":65},[55,99145,2759],{"class":75},[55,99147,9346],{"class":65},[14,99149,99150,99151,29],{},"This is a common way to remove duplicates from a list. For a full task-based example, see ",[294,99152,99154],{"href":99153},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[889,99156,99158],{"id":99157},"create-a-set-from-a-tuple","Create a set from a tuple",[46,99160,99162],{"className":48,"code":99161,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = set((10, 20, 20, 30))\nprint(values)\n",[18,99163,99164,99190],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,99165,99166,99168,99170,99172,99174,99176,99178,99180,99182,99184,99186,99188],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,99167,4110],{"class":902},[55,99169,906],{"class":703},[55,99171,15681],{"class":69},[55,99173,760],{"class":65},[55,99175,376],{"class":75},[55,99177,163],{"class":65},[55,99179,916],{"class":75},[55,99181,163],{"class":65},[55,99183,916],{"class":75},[55,99185,163],{"class":65},[55,99187,921],{"class":75},[55,99189,79],{"class":65},[55,99191,99192,99194,99196,99198],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,99193,62],{"class":61},[55,99195,66],{"class":65},[55,99197,5642],{"class":318},[55,99199,322],{"class":65},[14,99201,99202],{},[435,99203,30085],{},[46,99205,99207],{"className":48,"code":99206,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{10, 20, 30}\n",[18,99208,99209],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,99210,99211,99213,99215,99217,99219,99221,99223],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,99212,9315],{"class":65},[55,99214,376],{"class":75},[55,99216,163],{"class":65},[55,99218,916],{"class":75},[55,99220,163],{"class":65},[55,99222,921],{"class":75},[55,99224,9346],{"class":65},[889,99226,99228],{"id":99227},"create-a-set-from-a-string","Create a set from a string",[46,99230,99232],{"className":48,"code":99231,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = set(\"hello\")\nprint(letters)\n",[18,99233,99234,99252],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,99235,99236,99238,99240,99242,99244,99246,99248,99250],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,99237,36151],{"class":902},[55,99239,906],{"class":703},[55,99241,15681],{"class":69},[55,99243,66],{"class":65},[55,99245,126],{"class":109},[55,99247,130],{"class":129},[55,99249,126],{"class":109},[55,99251,322],{"class":65},[55,99253,99254,99256,99258,99260],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,99255,62],{"class":61},[55,99257,66],{"class":65},[55,99259,36204],{"class":318},[55,99261,322],{"class":65},[14,99263,99264],{},[435,99265,30085],{},[46,99267,99269],{"className":48,"code":99268,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n",[18,99270,99271],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,99272,99273,99275,99277,99279,99281,99283,99285,99287,99289,99291,99293,99295,99297,99299,99301,99303,99305],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,99274,9315],{"class":65},[55,99276,1923],{"class":109},[55,99278,60510],{"class":129},[55,99280,1923],{"class":109},[55,99282,163],{"class":65},[55,99284,1918],{"class":109},[55,99286,60519],{"class":129},[55,99288,1923],{"class":109},[55,99290,163],{"class":65},[55,99292,1918],{"class":109},[55,99294,60528],{"class":129},[55,99296,1923],{"class":109},[55,99298,163],{"class":65},[55,99300,1918],{"class":109},[55,99302,60545],{"class":129},[55,99304,1923],{"class":109},[55,99306,9346],{"class":65},[14,99308,99309],{},"The string is treated as an iterable of characters, so the set contains unique letters only.",[41,99311,99313],{"id":99312},"how-to-create-an-empty-set","How to create an empty set",[14,99315,99316,99317,29],{},"To create an empty set, use ",[18,99318,476],{},[46,99320,99322],{"className":48,"code":99321,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[18,99323,99324,99334,99344],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,99325,99326,99328,99330,99332],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,99327,98366],{"class":902},[55,99329,906],{"class":703},[55,99331,15681],{"class":69},[55,99333,1789],{"class":65},[55,99335,99336,99338,99340,99342],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,99337,62],{"class":61},[55,99339,66],{"class":65},[55,99341,98385],{"class":318},[55,99343,322],{"class":65},[55,99345,99346,99348,99350,99352,99354,99356],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,99347,62],{"class":61},[55,99349,66],{"class":65},[55,99351,1879],{"class":69},[55,99353,66],{"class":65},[55,99355,98385],{"class":318},[55,99357,79],{"class":65},[14,99359,99360],{},[435,99361,281],{},[46,99363,99365],{"className":48,"code":99364,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"set()\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[18,99366,99367,99373],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,99368,99369,99371],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,99370,576],{"class":69},[55,99372,1789],{"class":65},[55,99374,99375,99377,99379,99381,99383,99385],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,99376,1911],{"class":703},[55,99378,1915],{"class":1914},[55,99380,1918],{"class":109},[55,99382,576],{"class":129},[55,99384,1923],{"class":109},[55,99386,1926],{"class":703},[889,99388,44495,99390],{"id":99389},"do-not-use",[18,99391,471],{},[14,99393,99394,99395,99397],{},"Empty braces do ",[435,99396,4916],{}," create a set.",[46,99399,99401],{"className":48,"code":99400,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"empty_value = {}\nprint(empty_value)\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[18,99402,99403,99411,99421],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,99404,99405,99407,99409],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,99406,98310],{"class":902},[55,99408,906],{"class":703},[55,99410,9876],{"class":65},[55,99412,99413,99415,99417,99419],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,99414,62],{"class":61},[55,99416,66],{"class":65},[55,99418,98327],{"class":318},[55,99420,322],{"class":65},[55,99422,99423,99425,99427,99429,99431,99433],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,99424,62],{"class":61},[55,99426,66],{"class":65},[55,99428,1879],{"class":69},[55,99430,66],{"class":65},[55,99432,98327],{"class":318},[55,99434,79],{"class":65},[14,99436,99437],{},[435,99438,281],{},[46,99440,99442],{"className":48,"code":99441,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[18,99443,99444,99448],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,99445,99446],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,99447,9472],{"class":65},[55,99449,99450,99452,99454,99456,99458,99460],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,99451,1911],{"class":703},[55,99453,1915],{"class":1914},[55,99455,1918],{"class":109},[55,99457,1975],{"class":129},[55,99459,1923],{"class":109},[55,99461,1926],{"class":703},[14,99463,99464,1942],{},[18,99465,471],{},[41,99467,72342],{"id":72341},[14,99469,99470],{},"Sets store each value only once.",[14,99472,99473],{},"If the same value appears multiple times, Python removes the extra copies when the set is created.",[46,99475,99477],{"className":48,"code":99476,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"apple\", \"orange\"}\nprint(words)\nprint(len(words))\n",[18,99478,99479,99527,99537],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,99480,99481,99483,99485,99487,99489,99491,99493,99495,99497,99499,99501,99503,99505,99507,99509,99511,99513,99515,99517,99519,99521,99523,99525],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,99482,4355],{"class":902},[55,99484,906],{"class":703},[55,99486,10529],{"class":65},[55,99488,126],{"class":109},[55,99490,4364],{"class":129},[55,99492,126],{"class":109},[55,99494,163],{"class":65},[55,99496,793],{"class":109},[55,99498,4373],{"class":129},[55,99500,126],{"class":109},[55,99502,163],{"class":65},[55,99504,793],{"class":109},[55,99506,4364],{"class":129},[55,99508,126],{"class":109},[55,99510,163],{"class":65},[55,99512,793],{"class":109},[55,99514,4364],{"class":129},[55,99516,126],{"class":109},[55,99518,163],{"class":65},[55,99520,793],{"class":109},[55,99522,33278],{"class":129},[55,99524,126],{"class":109},[55,99526,9346],{"class":65},[55,99528,99529,99531,99533,99535],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,99530,62],{"class":61},[55,99532,66],{"class":65},[55,99534,4399],{"class":318},[55,99536,322],{"class":65},[55,99538,99539,99541,99543,99545,99547,99549],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,99540,62],{"class":61},[55,99542,66],{"class":65},[55,99544,11202],{"class":61},[55,99546,66],{"class":65},[55,99548,4399],{"class":318},[55,99550,79],{"class":65},[14,99552,99553],{},[435,99554,30085],{},[46,99556,99558],{"className":48,"code":99557,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n3\n",[18,99559,99560,99588],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,99561,99562,99564,99566,99568,99570,99572,99574,99576,99578,99580,99582,99584,99586],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,99563,9315],{"class":65},[55,99565,1923],{"class":109},[55,99567,4373],{"class":129},[55,99569,1923],{"class":109},[55,99571,163],{"class":65},[55,99573,1918],{"class":109},[55,99575,33278],{"class":129},[55,99577,1923],{"class":109},[55,99579,163],{"class":65},[55,99581,1918],{"class":109},[55,99583,4364],{"class":129},[55,99585,1923],{"class":109},[55,99587,9346],{"class":65},[55,99589,99590],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,99591,46684],{"class":75},[14,99593,99594],{},"This is why sets are helpful for cleaning repeated data.",[41,99596,99598],{"id":99597},"values-you-can-put-in-a-set","Values you can put in a set",[14,99600,99601,99602,99604],{},"Set items must be ",[435,99603,96447],{},". In simple terms, that means Python must be able to treat the value as stable and usable inside a set.",[14,99606,99607],{},"These usually work:",[240,99609,99610,99612,99614,99616],{},[243,99611,56532],{},[243,99613,56535],{},[243,99615,96459],{},[243,99617,40659],{},[46,99619,99621],{"className":48,"code":99620,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = {1, \"apple\", (10, 20), True}\nprint(values)\n",[18,99622,99623,99657],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,99624,99625,99627,99629,99631,99633,99635,99637,99639,99641,99643,99645,99647,99649,99651,99653,99655],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,99626,4110],{"class":902},[55,99628,906],{"class":703},[55,99630,10529],{"class":65},[55,99632,93],{"class":75},[55,99634,163],{"class":65},[55,99636,793],{"class":109},[55,99638,4364],{"class":129},[55,99640,126],{"class":109},[55,99642,163],{"class":65},[55,99644,9273],{"class":65},[55,99646,376],{"class":75},[55,99648,163],{"class":65},[55,99650,916],{"class":75},[55,99652,9270],{"class":65},[55,99654,4202],{"class":187},[55,99656,9346],{"class":65},[55,99658,99659,99661,99663,99665],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,99660,62],{"class":61},[55,99662,66],{"class":65},[55,99664,5642],{"class":318},[55,99666,322],{"class":65},[14,99668,99669,99670,99672],{},"These do ",[435,99671,4916],{}," work directly:",[240,99674,99675,99677],{},[243,99676,97163],{},[243,99678,97166],{},[46,99680,99682],{"className":48,"code":99681,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"bad_set = {[1, 2, 3]}\n",[18,99683,99684],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,99685,99686,99689,99691,99694,99696,99698,99700,99702,99704],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,99687,99688],{"class":902},"bad_set ",[55,99690,906],{"class":703},[55,99692,99693],{"class":65}," {[",[55,99695,93],{"class":75},[55,99697,163],{"class":65},[55,99699,166],{"class":75},[55,99701,163],{"class":65},[55,99703,171],{"class":75},[55,99705,13752],{"class":65},[14,99707,99708],{},"This raises an error:",[46,99710,99711],{"className":48,"code":97222,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,99712,99713],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,99714,99715,99717,99719,99721,99723,99725,99727,99729],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,99716,3303],{"class":69},[55,99718,790],{"class":65},[55,99720,97233],{"class":902},[55,99722,1879],{"class":69},[55,99724,790],{"class":65},[55,99726,1918],{"class":109},[55,99728,1229],{"class":129},[55,99730,29755],{"class":109},[14,99732,52149],{},[46,99734,99736],{"className":48,"code":99735,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"bad_set = {{\"name\": \"Sam\"}}\n",[18,99737,99738],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,99739,99740,99742,99744,99747,99749,99751,99753,99755,99757,99759,99761],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,99741,99688],{"class":902},[55,99743,906],{"class":703},[55,99745,99746],{"class":65}," {{",[55,99748,126],{"class":109},[55,99750,785],{"class":129},[55,99752,126],{"class":109},[55,99754,790],{"class":65},[55,99756,793],{"class":109},[55,99758,796],{"class":129},[55,99760,126],{"class":109},[55,99762,99763],{"class":65},"}}\n",[14,99765,99766],{},"This also raises an error because dictionaries are unhashable.",[41,99768,99770],{"id":99769},"set-creation-examples-beginners-need","Set creation examples beginners need",[889,99772,99774],{"id":99773},"create-a-set-of-numbers","Create a set of numbers",[46,99776,99778],{"className":48,"code":99777,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,99779,99780,99804],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,99781,99782,99784,99786,99788,99790,99792,99794,99796,99798,99800,99802],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,99783,1168],{"class":902},[55,99785,906],{"class":703},[55,99787,10529],{"class":65},[55,99789,93],{"class":75},[55,99791,163],{"class":65},[55,99793,166],{"class":75},[55,99795,163],{"class":65},[55,99797,171],{"class":75},[55,99799,163],{"class":65},[55,99801,2759],{"class":75},[55,99803,9346],{"class":65},[55,99805,99806,99808,99810,99812],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,99807,62],{"class":61},[55,99809,66],{"class":65},[55,99811,332],{"class":318},[55,99813,322],{"class":65},[889,99815,99817],{"id":99816},"create-a-set-from-a-list-with-duplicates","Create a set from a list with duplicates",[46,99819,99821],{"className":48,"code":99820,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [1, 1, 2, 3, 3]\nunique_items = set(items)\n\nprint(unique_items)\n",[18,99822,99823,99851,99866,99870],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,99824,99825,99827,99829,99831,99833,99835,99837,99839,99841,99843,99845,99847,99849],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,99826,903],{"class":902},[55,99828,906],{"class":703},[55,99830,909],{"class":65},[55,99832,93],{"class":75},[55,99834,163],{"class":65},[55,99836,5782],{"class":75},[55,99838,163],{"class":65},[55,99840,166],{"class":75},[55,99842,163],{"class":65},[55,99844,171],{"class":75},[55,99846,163],{"class":65},[55,99848,171],{"class":75},[55,99850,924],{"class":65},[55,99852,99853,99856,99858,99860,99862,99864],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,99854,99855],{"class":902},"unique_items ",[55,99857,906],{"class":703},[55,99859,15681],{"class":69},[55,99861,66],{"class":65},[55,99863,937],{"class":318},[55,99865,322],{"class":65},[55,99867,99868],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,99869,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,99871,99872,99874,99876,99879],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,99873,62],{"class":61},[55,99875,66],{"class":65},[55,99877,99878],{"class":318},"unique_items",[55,99880,322],{"class":65},[889,99882,99228],{"id":99883},"create-a-set-from-a-string-1",[46,99885,99887],{"className":48,"code":99886,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = set(\"banana\")\nprint(letters)\n",[18,99888,99889,99907],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,99890,99891,99893,99895,99897,99899,99901,99903,99905],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,99892,36151],{"class":902},[55,99894,906],{"class":703},[55,99896,15681],{"class":69},[55,99898,66],{"class":65},[55,99900,126],{"class":109},[55,99902,4373],{"class":129},[55,99904,126],{"class":109},[55,99906,322],{"class":65},[55,99908,99909,99911,99913,99915],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,99910,62],{"class":61},[55,99912,66],{"class":65},[55,99914,36204],{"class":318},[55,99916,322],{"class":65},[889,99918,99920],{"id":99919},"create-an-empty-set","Create an empty set",[46,99922,99924],{"className":48,"code":99923,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\n",[18,99925,99926,99936],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,99927,99928,99930,99932,99934],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,99929,98366],{"class":902},[55,99931,906],{"class":703},[55,99933,15681],{"class":69},[55,99935,1789],{"class":65},[55,99937,99938,99940,99942,99944],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,99939,62],{"class":61},[55,99941,66],{"class":65},[55,99943,98385],{"class":318},[55,99945,322],{"class":65},[41,99947,1586],{"id":1585},[14,99949,99950],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating sets.",[889,99952,1556,99954,99956],{"id":99953},"using-and-expecting-an-empty-set",[18,99955,471],{}," and expecting an empty set",[14,99958,99959],{},"This is one of the most common mistakes.",[46,99961,99963],{"className":48,"code":99962,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = {}\nprint(type(value))\n",[18,99964,99965,99973],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,99966,99967,99969,99971],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,99968,1654],{"class":902},[55,99970,906],{"class":703},[55,99972,9876],{"class":65},[55,99974,99975,99977,99979,99981,99983,99985],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,99976,62],{"class":61},[55,99978,66],{"class":65},[55,99980,1879],{"class":69},[55,99982,66],{"class":65},[55,99984,319],{"class":318},[55,99986,79],{"class":65},[14,99988,99989],{},"This prints:",[46,99991,99992],{"className":48,"code":1962,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,99993,99994],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,99995,99996,99998,100000,100002,100004,100006],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,99997,1911],{"class":703},[55,99999,1915],{"class":1914},[55,100001,1918],{"class":109},[55,100003,1975],{"class":129},[55,100005,1923],{"class":109},[55,100007,1926],{"class":703},[14,100009,212,100010,6906],{},[18,100011,476],{},[889,100013,100015],{"id":100014},"forgetting-that-duplicate-values-are-removed","Forgetting that duplicate values are removed",[14,100017,100018],{},"If you create a set with repeated values, the duplicates disappear.",[46,100020,100022],{"className":48,"code":100021,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,100023,100024,100052],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,100025,100026,100028,100030,100032,100034,100036,100038,100040,100042,100044,100046,100048,100050],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,100027,1168],{"class":902},[55,100029,906],{"class":703},[55,100031,10529],{"class":65},[55,100033,93],{"class":75},[55,100035,163],{"class":65},[55,100037,5782],{"class":75},[55,100039,163],{"class":65},[55,100041,166],{"class":75},[55,100043,163],{"class":65},[55,100045,166],{"class":75},[55,100047,163],{"class":65},[55,100049,171],{"class":75},[55,100051,9346],{"class":65},[55,100053,100054,100056,100058,100060],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,100055,62],{"class":61},[55,100057,66],{"class":65},[55,100059,332],{"class":318},[55,100061,322],{"class":65},[14,100063,100064],{},"You will only get the unique values.",[889,100066,100068],{"id":100067},"expecting-set-items-to-stay-in-a-fixed-order","Expecting set items to stay in a fixed order",[14,100070,100071],{},"A set is unordered. You should not rely on item position.",[14,100073,100074],{},"This means code like this does not work:",[46,100076,100078],{"className":48,"code":100077,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = {10, 20, 30}\n# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[18,100079,100080,100100],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,100081,100082,100084,100086,100088,100090,100092,100094,100096,100098],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,100083,1168],{"class":902},[55,100085,906],{"class":703},[55,100087,10529],{"class":65},[55,100089,376],{"class":75},[55,100091,163],{"class":65},[55,100093,916],{"class":75},[55,100095,163],{"class":65},[55,100097,921],{"class":75},[55,100099,9346],{"class":65},[55,100101,100102],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,100103,100104],{"class":3956},"# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[14,100106,100107],{},"If you need ordered items by position, use a list instead.",[889,100109,100111],{"id":100110},"trying-to-put-a-list-or-dictionary-inside-a-set","Trying to put a list or dictionary inside a set",[14,100113,100114],{},"Lists and dictionaries cannot be added directly to a set because they are unhashable.",[46,100116,100118],{"className":48,"code":100117,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[18,100119,100120,100125],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,100121,100122],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,100123,100124],{"class":3956},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n",[55,100126,100127],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,100128,100129],{"class":3956},"# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[14,100131,100132,100133,29],{},"Both examples would raise a ",[18,100134,3303],{},[889,100136,100138],{"id":100137},"confusing-set-creation-with-dictionary-creation","Confusing set creation with dictionary creation",[14,100140,100141],{},"These look similar, but they are different:",[46,100143,100145],{"className":48,"code":100144,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[18,100146,100147,100167,100199,100203,100217],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,100148,100149,100151,100153,100155,100157,100159,100161,100163,100165],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,100150,15676],{"class":902},[55,100152,906],{"class":703},[55,100154,10529],{"class":65},[55,100156,93],{"class":75},[55,100158,163],{"class":65},[55,100160,166],{"class":75},[55,100162,163],{"class":65},[55,100164,171],{"class":75},[55,100166,9346],{"class":65},[55,100168,100169,100171,100173,100175,100177,100179,100181,100183,100185,100187,100189,100191,100193,100195,100197],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,100170,11767],{"class":902},[55,100172,906],{"class":703},[55,100174,10529],{"class":65},[55,100176,126],{"class":109},[55,100178,294],{"class":129},[55,100180,126],{"class":109},[55,100182,790],{"class":65},[55,100184,5782],{"class":75},[55,100186,163],{"class":65},[55,100188,793],{"class":109},[55,100190,5046],{"class":129},[55,100192,126],{"class":109},[55,100194,790],{"class":65},[55,100196,166],{"class":75},[55,100198,9346],{"class":65},[55,100200,100201],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,100202,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,100204,100205,100207,100209,100211,100213,100215],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,100206,62],{"class":61},[55,100208,66],{"class":65},[55,100210,1879],{"class":69},[55,100212,66],{"class":65},[55,100214,15714],{"class":318},[55,100216,79],{"class":65},[55,100218,100219,100221,100223,100225,100227,100229],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,100220,62],{"class":61},[55,100222,66],{"class":65},[55,100224,1879],{"class":69},[55,100226,66],{"class":65},[55,100228,11491],{"class":318},[55,100230,79],{"class":65},[41,100232,92859],{"id":92858},[14,100234,100235],{},"If you are not sure what Python created, these quick checks help:",[46,100237,100239],{"className":48,"code":100238,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_set = set([1, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint({})\nprint(set())\n",[18,100240,100241,100267,100271,100285,100295,100309,100316],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,100242,100243,100245,100247,100249,100251,100253,100255,100257,100259,100261,100263,100265],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,100244,15676],{"class":902},[55,100246,906],{"class":703},[55,100248,15681],{"class":69},[55,100250,158],{"class":65},[55,100252,93],{"class":75},[55,100254,163],{"class":65},[55,100256,166],{"class":75},[55,100258,163],{"class":65},[55,100260,166],{"class":75},[55,100262,163],{"class":65},[55,100264,171],{"class":75},[55,100266,4174],{"class":65},[55,100268,100269],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,100270,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,100272,100273,100275,100277,100279,100281,100283],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,100274,62],{"class":61},[55,100276,66],{"class":65},[55,100278,1879],{"class":69},[55,100280,66],{"class":65},[55,100282,15714],{"class":318},[55,100284,79],{"class":65},[55,100286,100287,100289,100291,100293],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,100288,62],{"class":61},[55,100290,66],{"class":65},[55,100292,15714],{"class":318},[55,100294,322],{"class":65},[55,100296,100297,100299,100301,100303,100305,100307],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,100298,62],{"class":61},[55,100300,66],{"class":65},[55,100302,11202],{"class":61},[55,100304,66],{"class":65},[55,100306,15714],{"class":318},[55,100308,79],{"class":65},[55,100310,100311,100313],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,100312,62],{"class":61},[55,100314,100315],{"class":65},"({})\n",[55,100317,100318,100320,100322,100324],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,100319,62],{"class":61},[55,100321,66],{"class":65},[55,100323,576],{"class":69},[55,100325,278],{"class":65},[14,100327,100328],{},"Use these to confirm:",[240,100330,100331,100334,100337,100340],{},[243,100332,100333],{},"The object type",[243,100335,100336],{},"The actual values stored",[243,100338,100339],{},"Whether duplicates were removed",[243,100341,100342,100343,4679,100345],{},"The difference between ",[18,100344,471],{},[18,100346,476],{},[41,100348,2139],{"id":2138},[889,100350,100352],{"id":100351},"how-do-you-create-a-set-in-python","How do you create a set in Python?",[14,100354,100355,100356,100359,100360,100362],{},"Use curly braces for a non-empty set, like ",[18,100357,100358],{},"{1, 2, 3}",", or use ",[18,100361,476],{}," with another iterable.",[889,100364,100366],{"id":100365},"how-do-you-create-an-empty-set-in-python","How do you create an empty set in Python?",[14,100368,212,100369,100371,100372,100374],{},[18,100370,476],{},". Empty braces ",[18,100373,471],{}," create a dictionary, not a set.",[889,100376,100378],{"id":100377},"does-a-set-keep-duplicates","Does a set keep duplicates?",[14,100380,100381],{},"No. Python removes duplicate values automatically when the set is created.",[889,100383,100385],{"id":100384},"can-a-set-contain-a-list","Can a set contain a list?",[14,100387,100388],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so they cannot be stored inside a set.",[889,100390,100392],{"id":100391},"is-a-set-ordered-in-python","Is a set ordered in Python?",[14,100394,100395],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item position.",[41,100397,2193],{"id":2192},[240,100399,100400,100404,100410,100416,100421],{},[243,100401,100402],{},[294,100403,96404],{"href":97575},[243,100405,100406],{},[294,100407,3871,100408,10780],{"href":98576},[18,100409,96284],{},[243,100411,100412],{},[294,100413,3871,100414,10780],{"href":98595},[18,100415,97390],{},[243,100417,100418],{},[294,100419,100420],{"href":99153},"How to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[243,100422,100423],{},[294,100424,100425],{"href":98867},"What is a set in Python?",[14,100427,100428],{},"Next, learn how to add items to a set or use a set to remove duplicates from data.",[2226,100430,100431],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":100433},[100434,100435,100436,100437,100440,100446,100450,100451,100452,100458,100466,100467,100474],{"id":43,"depth":82,"text":44},{"id":15209,"depth":82,"text":15210},{"id":98839,"depth":82,"text":98840},{"id":98871,"depth":82,"text":98872,"children":100438},[100439],{"id":98940,"depth":98,"text":98941},{"id":99044,"depth":82,"text":100441,"children":100442},"Create a set with set()",[100443,100444,100445],{"id":99069,"depth":98,"text":99070},{"id":99157,"depth":98,"text":99158},{"id":99227,"depth":98,"text":99228},{"id":99312,"depth":82,"text":99313,"children":100447},[100448],{"id":99389,"depth":98,"text":100449},"Do not use {}",{"id":72341,"depth":82,"text":72342},{"id":99597,"depth":82,"text":99598},{"id":99769,"depth":82,"text":99770,"children":100453},[100454,100455,100456,100457],{"id":99773,"depth":98,"text":99774},{"id":99816,"depth":98,"text":99817},{"id":99883,"depth":98,"text":99228},{"id":99919,"depth":98,"text":99920},{"id":1585,"depth":82,"text":1586,"children":100459},[100460,100462,100463,100464,100465],{"id":99953,"depth":98,"text":100461},"Using {} and expecting an empty set",{"id":100014,"depth":98,"text":100015},{"id":100067,"depth":98,"text":100068},{"id":100110,"depth":98,"text":100111},{"id":100137,"depth":98,"text":100138},{"id":92858,"depth":82,"text":92859},{"id":2138,"depth":82,"text":2139,"children":100468},[100469,100470,100471,100472,100473],{"id":100351,"depth":98,"text":100352},{"id":100365,"depth":98,"text":100366},{"id":100377,"depth":98,"text":100378},{"id":100384,"depth":98,"text":100385},{"id":100391,"depth":98,"text":100392},{"id":2192,"depth":82,"text":2193},"Master python set creating a set in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":98642,"description":100475},"reference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","F7KVZkLoMkGFL1kMVB2Scd2DlvV1I1oMzOpp-WRoVog",{"id":100481,"title":100482,"body":100483,"description":102914,"extension":2267,"meta":102915,"navigation":1121,"path":102916,"seo":102917,"stem":102918,"__hash__":102919},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method.md","Python Set difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":100484,"toc":102879},[100485,100491,100497,100500,100502,100579,100581,100598,100608,100610,100615,100623,100625,100641,100645,100647,100649,100652,100673,100676,100700,100706,100708,100805,100807,100824,100834,100836,100838,100846,100848,100859,100861,100952,100954,100978,100989,100991,100993,100996,101126,101128,101201,101203,101224,101227,101229,101235,101240,101243,101370,101372,101389,101392,101394,101402,101405,101409,101417,101508,101510,101547,101552,101559,101636,101638,101654,101659,101664,101666,101675,101683,101764,101766,101795,101798,101802,101813,101816,101899,101901,101922,101928,101930,101932,101936,101940,101947,102012,102014,102034,102037,102106,102108,102124,102128,102134,102146,102154,102156,102241,102243,102272,102275,102279,102284,102286,102336,102339,102420,102422,102438,102442,102445,102520,102523,102527,102530,102607,102609,102642,102648,102652,102655,102790,102792,102806,102808,102810,102816,102819,102826,102834,102840,102843,102847,102850,102852,102854,102876],[10,100486,96276,100488,11363],{"id":100487},"python-set-difference-method",[18,100489,100490],{},"difference()",[14,100492,100493,100496],{},[18,100494,100495],{},"set.difference()"," returns the values that are in one set but not in another.",[14,100498,100499],{},"This is useful when you want to find items that exist in the first set and remove anything that also appears in one or more other sets.",[41,100501,44],{"id":43},[46,100503,100505],{"className":48,"code":100504,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\nresult = a.difference(b)\nprint(result)\n",[18,100506,100507,100531,100551,100569],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,100508,100509,100511,100513,100515,100517,100519,100521,100523,100525,100527,100529],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,100510,2857],{"class":902},[55,100512,906],{"class":703},[55,100514,10529],{"class":65},[55,100516,93],{"class":75},[55,100518,163],{"class":65},[55,100520,166],{"class":75},[55,100522,163],{"class":65},[55,100524,171],{"class":75},[55,100526,163],{"class":65},[55,100528,2759],{"class":75},[55,100530,9346],{"class":65},[55,100532,100533,100535,100537,100539,100541,100543,100545,100547,100549],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,100534,2885],{"class":902},[55,100536,906],{"class":703},[55,100538,10529],{"class":65},[55,100540,2366],{"class":75},[55,100542,163],{"class":65},[55,100544,2759],{"class":75},[55,100546,163],{"class":65},[55,100548,4890],{"class":75},[55,100550,9346],{"class":65},[55,100552,100553,100555,100557,100559,100561,100563,100565,100567],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,100554,2534],{"class":902},[55,100556,906],{"class":703},[55,100558,56958],{"class":902},[55,100560,29],{"class":65},[55,100562,3115],{"class":318},[55,100564,66],{"class":65},[55,100566,5046],{"class":318},[55,100568,322],{"class":65},[55,100570,100571,100573,100575,100577],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,100572,62],{"class":61},[55,100574,66],{"class":65},[55,100576,2569],{"class":318},[55,100578,322],{"class":65},[14,100580,281],{},[46,100582,100584],{"className":48,"code":100583,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{1, 2}\n",[18,100585,100586],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,100587,100588,100590,100592,100594,100596],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,100589,9315],{"class":65},[55,100591,93],{"class":75},[55,100593,163],{"class":65},[55,100595,166],{"class":75},[55,100597,9346],{"class":65},[14,100599,100600,100602,100603,100605,100606,29],{},[18,100601,100490],{}," returns a new set with items from ",[18,100604,294],{}," that are not in ",[18,100607,5046],{},[44983,100609],{},[41,100611,3970,100613,3973],{"id":100612},"what-difference-does",[18,100614,100490],{},[14,100616,16,100617,100619,100620,100622],{},[18,100618,100490],{}," method compares sets and keeps only the values from the first set that do ",[435,100621,4916],{}," appear in the other set.",[14,100624,13097],{},[240,100626,100627,100632,100635,100638],{},[243,100628,100629,100631],{},[18,100630,100490],{}," returns items that are in the first set but not in the other set",[243,100633,100634],{},"It creates a new set",[243,100636,100637],{},"It does not change the original set",[243,100639,100640],{},"It is useful for finding removed, missing, or unique values",[14,100642,96400,100643,29],{},[294,100644,96404],{"href":97575},[44983,100646],{},[41,100648,2460],{"id":2459},[14,100650,100651],{},"Use this form:",[46,100653,100655],{"className":48,"code":100654,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"set1.difference(set2)\n",[18,100656,100657],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,100658,100659,100662,100664,100666,100668,100671],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,100660,100661],{"class":902},"set1",[55,100663,29],{"class":65},[55,100665,3115],{"class":318},[55,100667,66],{"class":65},[55,100669,100670],{"class":318},"set2",[55,100672,322],{"class":65},[14,100674,100675],{},"You can also compare against more than one set:",[46,100677,100679],{"className":48,"code":100678,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"set1.difference(set2, set3)\n",[18,100680,100681],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,100682,100683,100685,100687,100689,100691,100693,100695,100698],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,100684,100661],{"class":902},[55,100686,29],{"class":65},[55,100688,3115],{"class":318},[55,100690,66],{"class":65},[55,100692,100670],{"class":318},[55,100694,163],{"class":65},[55,100696,100697],{"class":318}," set3",[55,100699,322],{"class":65},[14,100701,100702,100703,100705],{},"In that case, Python removes any value found in ",[435,100704,5637],{}," of the other sets.",[14,100707,358],{},[46,100709,100711],{"className":48,"code":100710,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2, 3}\nc = {5}\n\nresult = a.difference(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[18,100712,100713,100741,100757,100769,100773,100795],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,100714,100715,100717,100719,100721,100723,100725,100727,100729,100731,100733,100735,100737,100739],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,100716,2857],{"class":902},[55,100718,906],{"class":703},[55,100720,10529],{"class":65},[55,100722,93],{"class":75},[55,100724,163],{"class":65},[55,100726,166],{"class":75},[55,100728,163],{"class":65},[55,100730,171],{"class":75},[55,100732,163],{"class":65},[55,100734,2759],{"class":75},[55,100736,163],{"class":65},[55,100738,4890],{"class":75},[55,100740,9346],{"class":65},[55,100742,100743,100745,100747,100749,100751,100753,100755],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,100744,2885],{"class":902},[55,100746,906],{"class":703},[55,100748,10529],{"class":65},[55,100750,707],{"class":75},[55,100752,163],{"class":65},[55,100754,171],{"class":75},[55,100756,9346],{"class":65},[55,100758,100759,100761,100763,100765,100767],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,100760,83259],{"class":902},[55,100762,906],{"class":703},[55,100764,10529],{"class":65},[55,100766,688],{"class":75},[55,100768,9346],{"class":65},[55,100770,100771],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,100772,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,100774,100775,100777,100779,100781,100783,100785,100787,100789,100791,100793],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,100776,2534],{"class":902},[55,100778,906],{"class":703},[55,100780,56958],{"class":902},[55,100782,29],{"class":65},[55,100784,3115],{"class":318},[55,100786,66],{"class":65},[55,100788,5046],{"class":318},[55,100790,163],{"class":65},[55,100792,9719],{"class":318},[55,100794,322],{"class":65},[55,100796,100797,100799,100801,100803],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,100798,62],{"class":61},[55,100800,66],{"class":65},[55,100802,2569],{"class":318},[55,100804,322],{"class":65},[14,100806,281],{},[46,100808,100810],{"className":48,"code":100809,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{1, 4}\n",[18,100811,100812],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,100813,100814,100816,100818,100820,100822],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,100815,9315],{"class":65},[55,100817,93],{"class":75},[55,100819,163],{"class":65},[55,100821,2759],{"class":75},[55,100823,9346],{"class":65},[14,100825,100826,100827,100829,100830,25,100832,29],{},"Here, Python starts with ",[18,100828,294],{}," and removes anything found in ",[18,100831,5046],{},[18,100833,9777],{},[44983,100835],{},[41,100837,17468],{"id":17467},[14,100839,100840,100842,100843,29],{},[18,100841,100490],{}," always returns a ",[435,100844,100845],{},"new set",[14,100847,43716],{},[240,100849,100850,100853,100856],{},[243,100851,100852],{},"The return value is a new set",[243,100854,100855],{},"The result may be an empty set if all items are removed",[243,100857,100858],{},"The result is still a set, even if nothing remains",[14,100860,358],{},[46,100862,100864],{"className":48,"code":100863,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[18,100865,100866,100882,100902,100906,100924,100928,100938],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,100867,100868,100870,100872,100874,100876,100878,100880],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,100869,2857],{"class":902},[55,100871,906],{"class":703},[55,100873,10529],{"class":65},[55,100875,93],{"class":75},[55,100877,163],{"class":65},[55,100879,166],{"class":75},[55,100881,9346],{"class":65},[55,100883,100884,100886,100888,100890,100892,100894,100896,100898,100900],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,100885,2885],{"class":902},[55,100887,906],{"class":703},[55,100889,10529],{"class":65},[55,100891,93],{"class":75},[55,100893,163],{"class":65},[55,100895,166],{"class":75},[55,100897,163],{"class":65},[55,100899,171],{"class":75},[55,100901,9346],{"class":65},[55,100903,100904],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,100905,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,100907,100908,100910,100912,100914,100916,100918,100920,100922],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,100909,2534],{"class":902},[55,100911,906],{"class":703},[55,100913,56958],{"class":902},[55,100915,29],{"class":65},[55,100917,3115],{"class":318},[55,100919,66],{"class":65},[55,100921,5046],{"class":318},[55,100923,322],{"class":65},[55,100925,100926],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,100927,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,100929,100930,100932,100934,100936],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,100931,62],{"class":61},[55,100933,66],{"class":65},[55,100935,2569],{"class":318},[55,100937,322],{"class":65},[55,100939,100940,100942,100944,100946,100948,100950],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,100941,62],{"class":61},[55,100943,66],{"class":65},[55,100945,1879],{"class":69},[55,100947,66],{"class":65},[55,100949,2569],{"class":318},[55,100951,79],{"class":65},[14,100953,281],{},[46,100955,100956],{"className":48,"code":99364,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,100957,100958,100964],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,100959,100960,100962],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,100961,576],{"class":69},[55,100963,1789],{"class":65},[55,100965,100966,100968,100970,100972,100974,100976],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,100967,1911],{"class":703},[55,100969,1915],{"class":1914},[55,100971,1918],{"class":109},[55,100973,576],{"class":129},[55,100975,1923],{"class":109},[55,100977,1926],{"class":703},[14,100979,100980,100981,19014,100983,100985,100986,100988],{},"An empty set is shown as ",[18,100982,476],{},[18,100984,471],{},". In Python, ",[18,100987,471],{}," means an empty dictionary.",[44983,100990],{},[41,100992,11517],{"id":11516},[14,100994,100995],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets:",[46,100997,100999],{"className":48,"code":100998,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"fruits_a = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits_b = {\"banana\", \"orange\", \"grape\"}\n\nresult = fruits_a.difference(fruits_b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits_a)\nprint(fruits_b)\n",[18,101000,101001,101034,101067,101071,101091,101095,101105,101116],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,101002,101003,101006,101008,101010,101012,101014,101016,101018,101020,101022,101024,101026,101028,101030,101032],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,101004,101005],{"class":902},"fruits_a ",[55,101007,906],{"class":703},[55,101009,10529],{"class":65},[55,101011,126],{"class":109},[55,101013,4364],{"class":129},[55,101015,126],{"class":109},[55,101017,163],{"class":65},[55,101019,793],{"class":109},[55,101021,4373],{"class":129},[55,101023,126],{"class":109},[55,101025,163],{"class":65},[55,101027,793],{"class":109},[55,101029,33278],{"class":129},[55,101031,126],{"class":109},[55,101033,9346],{"class":65},[55,101035,101036,101039,101041,101043,101045,101047,101049,101051,101053,101055,101057,101059,101061,101063,101065],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,101037,101038],{"class":902},"fruits_b ",[55,101040,906],{"class":703},[55,101042,10529],{"class":65},[55,101044,126],{"class":109},[55,101046,4373],{"class":129},[55,101048,126],{"class":109},[55,101050,163],{"class":65},[55,101052,793],{"class":109},[55,101054,33278],{"class":129},[55,101056,126],{"class":109},[55,101058,163],{"class":65},[55,101060,793],{"class":109},[55,101062,22585],{"class":129},[55,101064,126],{"class":109},[55,101066,9346],{"class":65},[55,101068,101069],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,101070,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,101072,101073,101075,101077,101080,101082,101084,101086,101089],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,101074,2534],{"class":902},[55,101076,906],{"class":703},[55,101078,101079],{"class":902}," fruits_a",[55,101081,29],{"class":65},[55,101083,3115],{"class":318},[55,101085,66],{"class":65},[55,101087,101088],{"class":318},"fruits_b",[55,101090,322],{"class":65},[55,101092,101093],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,101094,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,101096,101097,101099,101101,101103],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,101098,62],{"class":61},[55,101100,66],{"class":65},[55,101102,2569],{"class":318},[55,101104,322],{"class":65},[55,101106,101107,101109,101111,101114],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,101108,62],{"class":61},[55,101110,66],{"class":65},[55,101112,101113],{"class":318},"fruits_a",[55,101115,322],{"class":65},[55,101117,101118,101120,101122,101124],{"class":57,"line":582},[55,101119,62],{"class":61},[55,101121,66],{"class":65},[55,101123,101088],{"class":318},[55,101125,322],{"class":65},[14,101127,30085],{},[46,101129,101131],{"className":48,"code":101130,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'grape'}\n",[18,101132,101133,101145,101173],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,101134,101135,101137,101139,101141,101143],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,101136,9315],{"class":65},[55,101138,1923],{"class":109},[55,101140,4364],{"class":129},[55,101142,1923],{"class":109},[55,101144,9346],{"class":65},[55,101146,101147,101149,101151,101153,101155,101157,101159,101161,101163,101165,101167,101169,101171],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,101148,9315],{"class":65},[55,101150,1923],{"class":109},[55,101152,4373],{"class":129},[55,101154,1923],{"class":109},[55,101156,163],{"class":65},[55,101158,1918],{"class":109},[55,101160,33278],{"class":129},[55,101162,1923],{"class":109},[55,101164,163],{"class":65},[55,101166,1918],{"class":109},[55,101168,4364],{"class":129},[55,101170,1923],{"class":109},[55,101172,9346],{"class":65},[55,101174,101175,101177,101179,101181,101183,101185,101187,101189,101191,101193,101195,101197,101199],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,101176,9315],{"class":65},[55,101178,1923],{"class":109},[55,101180,4373],{"class":129},[55,101182,1923],{"class":109},[55,101184,163],{"class":65},[55,101186,1918],{"class":109},[55,101188,33278],{"class":129},[55,101190,1923],{"class":109},[55,101192,163],{"class":65},[55,101194,1918],{"class":109},[55,101196,22585],{"class":129},[55,101198,1923],{"class":109},[55,101200,9346],{"class":65},[14,101202,11726],{},[240,101204,101205,101210,101215,101221],{},[243,101206,101207,101208],{},"Start with ",[18,101209,101113],{},[243,101211,101212,101213],{},"Remove any values also found in ",[18,101214,101088],{},[243,101216,101217,101218,101220],{},"Only ",[18,101219,57904],{}," remains",[243,101222,101223],{},"The original sets stay unchanged",[14,101225,101226],{},"Notice that the printed order may look different. Sets do not keep items in a fixed order.",[44983,101228],{},[41,101230,1556,101232,101234],{"id":101231},"using-difference-with-multiple-sets",[18,101233,100490],{}," with multiple sets",[14,101236,101237,101238,29],{},"You can pass two or more sets into ",[18,101239,100490],{},[14,101241,101242],{},"Python removes any value from the first set if that value appears in any of the other sets.",[46,101244,101246],{"className":48,"code":101245,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\ngroup_a = {2, 4}\ngroup_b = {5}\ngroup_c = {6, 7}\n\nresult = numbers.difference(group_a, group_b, group_c)\nprint(result)\n",[18,101247,101248,101280,101297,101310,101327,101331,101360],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,101249,101250,101252,101254,101256,101258,101260,101262,101264,101266,101268,101270,101272,101274,101276,101278],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,101251,1168],{"class":902},[55,101253,906],{"class":703},[55,101255,10529],{"class":65},[55,101257,93],{"class":75},[55,101259,163],{"class":65},[55,101261,166],{"class":75},[55,101263,163],{"class":65},[55,101265,171],{"class":75},[55,101267,163],{"class":65},[55,101269,2759],{"class":75},[55,101271,163],{"class":65},[55,101273,4890],{"class":75},[55,101275,163],{"class":65},[55,101277,37706],{"class":75},[55,101279,9346],{"class":65},[55,101281,101282,101285,101287,101289,101291,101293,101295],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,101283,101284],{"class":902},"group_a ",[55,101286,906],{"class":703},[55,101288,10529],{"class":65},[55,101290,707],{"class":75},[55,101292,163],{"class":65},[55,101294,2759],{"class":75},[55,101296,9346],{"class":65},[55,101298,101299,101302,101304,101306,101308],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,101300,101301],{"class":902},"group_b ",[55,101303,906],{"class":703},[55,101305,10529],{"class":65},[55,101307,688],{"class":75},[55,101309,9346],{"class":65},[55,101311,101312,101315,101317,101319,101321,101323,101325],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,101313,101314],{"class":902},"group_c ",[55,101316,906],{"class":703},[55,101318,10529],{"class":65},[55,101320,80667],{"class":75},[55,101322,163],{"class":65},[55,101324,6272],{"class":75},[55,101326,9346],{"class":65},[55,101328,101329],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,101330,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,101332,101333,101335,101337,101339,101341,101343,101345,101348,101350,101353,101355,101358],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,101334,2534],{"class":902},[55,101336,906],{"class":703},[55,101338,1196],{"class":902},[55,101340,29],{"class":65},[55,101342,3115],{"class":318},[55,101344,66],{"class":65},[55,101346,101347],{"class":318},"group_a",[55,101349,163],{"class":65},[55,101351,101352],{"class":318}," group_b",[55,101354,163],{"class":65},[55,101356,101357],{"class":318}," group_c",[55,101359,322],{"class":65},[55,101361,101362,101364,101366,101368],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,101363,62],{"class":61},[55,101365,66],{"class":65},[55,101367,2569],{"class":318},[55,101369,322],{"class":65},[14,101371,281],{},[46,101373,101375],{"className":48,"code":101374,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{1, 3}\n",[18,101376,101377],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,101378,101379,101381,101383,101385,101387],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,101380,9315],{"class":65},[55,101382,93],{"class":75},[55,101384,163],{"class":65},[55,101386,171],{"class":75},[55,101388,9346],{"class":65},[14,101390,101391],{},"This is helpful when you want to compare one main set against several groups at once.",[44983,101393],{},[41,101395,101397,10624,101399],{"id":101396},"difference-vs-difference_update",[18,101398,100490],{},[18,101400,101401],{},"difference_update()",[14,101403,101404],{},"These two methods are similar, but they work differently.",[889,101406,101407],{"id":3115},[18,101408,100490],{},[240,101410,101411,101414],{},[243,101412,101413],{},"Returns a new set",[243,101415,101416],{},"Does not change the original set",[46,101418,101420],{"className":48,"code":101419,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(a)\n",[18,101421,101422,101446,101462,101466,101484,101488,101498],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,101423,101424,101426,101428,101430,101432,101434,101436,101438,101440,101442,101444],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,101425,2857],{"class":902},[55,101427,906],{"class":703},[55,101429,10529],{"class":65},[55,101431,93],{"class":75},[55,101433,163],{"class":65},[55,101435,166],{"class":75},[55,101437,163],{"class":65},[55,101439,171],{"class":75},[55,101441,163],{"class":65},[55,101443,2759],{"class":75},[55,101445,9346],{"class":65},[55,101447,101448,101450,101452,101454,101456,101458,101460],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,101449,2885],{"class":902},[55,101451,906],{"class":703},[55,101453,10529],{"class":65},[55,101455,2366],{"class":75},[55,101457,163],{"class":65},[55,101459,2759],{"class":75},[55,101461,9346],{"class":65},[55,101463,101464],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,101465,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,101467,101468,101470,101472,101474,101476,101478,101480,101482],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,101469,2534],{"class":902},[55,101471,906],{"class":703},[55,101473,56958],{"class":902},[55,101475,29],{"class":65},[55,101477,3115],{"class":318},[55,101479,66],{"class":65},[55,101481,5046],{"class":318},[55,101483,322],{"class":65},[55,101485,101486],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,101487,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,101489,101490,101492,101494,101496],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,101491,62],{"class":61},[55,101493,66],{"class":65},[55,101495,2569],{"class":318},[55,101497,322],{"class":65},[55,101499,101500,101502,101504,101506],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,101501,62],{"class":61},[55,101503,66],{"class":65},[55,101505,294],{"class":318},[55,101507,322],{"class":65},[14,101509,281],{},[46,101511,101513],{"className":48,"code":101512,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[18,101514,101515,101527],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,101516,101517,101519,101521,101523,101525],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,101518,9315],{"class":65},[55,101520,93],{"class":75},[55,101522,163],{"class":65},[55,101524,166],{"class":75},[55,101526,9346],{"class":65},[55,101528,101529,101531,101533,101535,101537,101539,101541,101543,101545],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,101530,9315],{"class":65},[55,101532,93],{"class":75},[55,101534,163],{"class":65},[55,101536,166],{"class":75},[55,101538,163],{"class":65},[55,101540,171],{"class":75},[55,101542,163],{"class":65},[55,101544,2759],{"class":75},[55,101546,9346],{"class":65},[889,101548,101550],{"id":101549},"difference_update",[18,101551,101401],{},[240,101553,101554,101557],{},[243,101555,101556],{},"Changes the original set",[243,101558,96394],{},[46,101560,101562],{"className":48,"code":101561,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\na.difference_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[18,101563,101564,101588,101604,101608,101622,101626],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,101565,101566,101568,101570,101572,101574,101576,101578,101580,101582,101584,101586],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,101567,2857],{"class":902},[55,101569,906],{"class":703},[55,101571,10529],{"class":65},[55,101573,93],{"class":75},[55,101575,163],{"class":65},[55,101577,166],{"class":75},[55,101579,163],{"class":65},[55,101581,171],{"class":75},[55,101583,163],{"class":65},[55,101585,2759],{"class":75},[55,101587,9346],{"class":65},[55,101589,101590,101592,101594,101596,101598,101600,101602],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,101591,2885],{"class":902},[55,101593,906],{"class":703},[55,101595,10529],{"class":65},[55,101597,2366],{"class":75},[55,101599,163],{"class":65},[55,101601,2759],{"class":75},[55,101603,9346],{"class":65},[55,101605,101606],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,101607,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,101609,101610,101612,101614,101616,101618,101620],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,101611,294],{"class":902},[55,101613,29],{"class":65},[55,101615,101549],{"class":318},[55,101617,66],{"class":65},[55,101619,5046],{"class":318},[55,101621,322],{"class":65},[55,101623,101624],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,101625,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,101627,101628,101630,101632,101634],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,101629,62],{"class":61},[55,101631,66],{"class":65},[55,101633,294],{"class":318},[55,101635,322],{"class":65},[14,101637,281],{},[46,101639,101640],{"className":48,"code":100583,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,101641,101642],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,101643,101644,101646,101648,101650,101652],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,101645,9315],{"class":65},[55,101647,93],{"class":75},[55,101649,163],{"class":65},[55,101651,166],{"class":75},[55,101653,9346],{"class":65},[14,101655,212,101656,101658],{},[18,101657,100490],{}," when you want to keep the original data.",[14,101660,101661,101662,33658],{},"For more on the in-place version, see Python set ",[18,101663,101401],{},[44983,101665],{},[41,101667,101669,101671,101672,101674],{"id":101668},"difference-vs-the-operator",[18,101670,100490],{}," vs the ",[18,101673,704],{}," operator",[14,101676,16,101677,101679,101680,101682],{},[18,101678,704],{}," operator does the same kind of comparison as ",[18,101681,100490],{}," for two sets.",[46,101684,101686],{"className":48,"code":101685,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(a - b)\n",[18,101687,101688,101712,101728,101732,101750],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,101689,101690,101692,101694,101696,101698,101700,101702,101704,101706,101708,101710],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,101691,2857],{"class":902},[55,101693,906],{"class":703},[55,101695,10529],{"class":65},[55,101697,93],{"class":75},[55,101699,163],{"class":65},[55,101701,166],{"class":75},[55,101703,163],{"class":65},[55,101705,171],{"class":75},[55,101707,163],{"class":65},[55,101709,2759],{"class":75},[55,101711,9346],{"class":65},[55,101713,101714,101716,101718,101720,101722,101724,101726],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,101715,2885],{"class":902},[55,101717,906],{"class":703},[55,101719,10529],{"class":65},[55,101721,2366],{"class":75},[55,101723,163],{"class":65},[55,101725,2759],{"class":75},[55,101727,9346],{"class":65},[55,101729,101730],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,101731,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,101733,101734,101736,101738,101740,101742,101744,101746,101748],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,101735,62],{"class":61},[55,101737,66],{"class":65},[55,101739,294],{"class":318},[55,101741,29],{"class":65},[55,101743,3115],{"class":318},[55,101745,66],{"class":65},[55,101747,5046],{"class":318},[55,101749,79],{"class":65},[55,101751,101752,101754,101756,101758,101760,101762],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,101753,62],{"class":61},[55,101755,66],{"class":65},[55,101757,2857],{"class":318},[55,101759,704],{"class":703},[55,101761,2862],{"class":318},[55,101763,322],{"class":65},[14,101765,281],{},[46,101767,101769],{"className":48,"code":101768,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2}\n",[18,101770,101771,101783],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,101772,101773,101775,101777,101779,101781],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,101774,9315],{"class":65},[55,101776,93],{"class":75},[55,101778,163],{"class":65},[55,101780,166],{"class":75},[55,101782,9346],{"class":65},[55,101784,101785,101787,101789,101791,101793],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,101786,9315],{"class":65},[55,101788,93],{"class":75},[55,101790,163],{"class":65},[55,101792,166],{"class":75},[55,101794,9346],{"class":65},[14,101796,101797],{},"Both lines give the same result.",[14,101799,94664,101800,2794],{},[18,101801,100490],{},[240,101803,101804,101807,101810],{},[243,101805,101806],{},"It is often clearer for beginners",[243,101808,101809],{},"The method name explains what the code is doing",[243,101811,101812],{},"It easily supports multiple sets",[14,101814,101815],{},"Example with multiple sets:",[46,101817,101819],{"className":48,"code":101818,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2}\nc = {4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b, c))\n",[18,101820,101821,101849,101861,101873,101877],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,101822,101823,101825,101827,101829,101831,101833,101835,101837,101839,101841,101843,101845,101847],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,101824,2857],{"class":902},[55,101826,906],{"class":703},[55,101828,10529],{"class":65},[55,101830,93],{"class":75},[55,101832,163],{"class":65},[55,101834,166],{"class":75},[55,101836,163],{"class":65},[55,101838,171],{"class":75},[55,101840,163],{"class":65},[55,101842,2759],{"class":75},[55,101844,163],{"class":65},[55,101846,4890],{"class":75},[55,101848,9346],{"class":65},[55,101850,101851,101853,101855,101857,101859],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,101852,2885],{"class":902},[55,101854,906],{"class":703},[55,101856,10529],{"class":65},[55,101858,707],{"class":75},[55,101860,9346],{"class":65},[55,101862,101863,101865,101867,101869,101871],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,101864,83259],{"class":902},[55,101866,906],{"class":703},[55,101868,10529],{"class":65},[55,101870,2807],{"class":75},[55,101872,9346],{"class":65},[55,101874,101875],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,101876,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,101878,101879,101881,101883,101885,101887,101889,101891,101893,101895,101897],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,101880,62],{"class":61},[55,101882,66],{"class":65},[55,101884,294],{"class":318},[55,101886,29],{"class":65},[55,101888,3115],{"class":318},[55,101890,66],{"class":65},[55,101892,5046],{"class":318},[55,101894,163],{"class":65},[55,101896,9719],{"class":318},[55,101898,79],{"class":65},[14,101900,281],{},[46,101902,101904],{"className":48,"code":101903,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{1, 3, 5}\n",[18,101905,101906],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,101907,101908,101910,101912,101914,101916,101918,101920],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,101909,9315],{"class":65},[55,101911,93],{"class":75},[55,101913,163],{"class":65},[55,101915,171],{"class":75},[55,101917,163],{"class":65},[55,101919,4890],{"class":75},[55,101921,9346],{"class":65},[14,101923,101924,101925,101927],{},"You cannot write that in the same simple way with a single ",[18,101926,704],{}," operator expression.",[44983,101929],{},[41,101931,4803],{"id":4802},[14,101933,21263,101934,29],{},[18,101935,100490],{},[889,101937,101939],{"id":101938},"expecting-the-original-set-to-change","Expecting the original set to change",[14,101941,4913,101942,101944,101945,790],{},[435,101943,4916],{}," change ",[18,101946,294],{},[46,101948,101950],{"className":48,"code":101949,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[18,101951,101952,101972,101984,101988,102002],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,101953,101954,101956,101958,101960,101962,101964,101966,101968,101970],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,101955,2857],{"class":902},[55,101957,906],{"class":703},[55,101959,10529],{"class":65},[55,101961,93],{"class":75},[55,101963,163],{"class":65},[55,101965,166],{"class":75},[55,101967,163],{"class":65},[55,101969,171],{"class":75},[55,101971,9346],{"class":65},[55,101973,101974,101976,101978,101980,101982],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,101975,2885],{"class":902},[55,101977,906],{"class":703},[55,101979,10529],{"class":65},[55,101981,2366],{"class":75},[55,101983,9346],{"class":65},[55,101985,101986],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,101987,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,101989,101990,101992,101994,101996,101998,102000],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,101991,294],{"class":902},[55,101993,29],{"class":65},[55,101995,3115],{"class":318},[55,101997,66],{"class":65},[55,101999,5046],{"class":318},[55,102001,322],{"class":65},[55,102003,102004,102006,102008,102010],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,102005,62],{"class":61},[55,102007,66],{"class":65},[55,102009,294],{"class":318},[55,102011,322],{"class":65},[14,102013,281],{},[46,102015,102016],{"className":48,"code":96683,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,102017,102018],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,102019,102020,102022,102024,102026,102028,102030,102032],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,102021,9315],{"class":65},[55,102023,93],{"class":75},[55,102025,163],{"class":65},[55,102027,166],{"class":75},[55,102029,163],{"class":65},[55,102031,171],{"class":75},[55,102033,9346],{"class":65},[14,102035,102036],{},"If you want to keep the result, save it:",[46,102038,102040],{"className":48,"code":102039,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na = a.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[18,102041,102042,102062,102074,102078,102096],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,102043,102044,102046,102048,102050,102052,102054,102056,102058,102060],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,102045,2857],{"class":902},[55,102047,906],{"class":703},[55,102049,10529],{"class":65},[55,102051,93],{"class":75},[55,102053,163],{"class":65},[55,102055,166],{"class":75},[55,102057,163],{"class":65},[55,102059,171],{"class":75},[55,102061,9346],{"class":65},[55,102063,102064,102066,102068,102070,102072],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,102065,2885],{"class":902},[55,102067,906],{"class":703},[55,102069,10529],{"class":65},[55,102071,2366],{"class":75},[55,102073,9346],{"class":65},[55,102075,102076],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,102077,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,102079,102080,102082,102084,102086,102088,102090,102092,102094],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,102081,2857],{"class":902},[55,102083,906],{"class":703},[55,102085,56958],{"class":902},[55,102087,29],{"class":65},[55,102089,3115],{"class":318},[55,102091,66],{"class":65},[55,102093,5046],{"class":318},[55,102095,322],{"class":65},[55,102097,102098,102100,102102,102104],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,102099,62],{"class":61},[55,102101,66],{"class":65},[55,102103,294],{"class":318},[55,102105,322],{"class":65},[14,102107,281],{},[46,102109,102110],{"className":48,"code":100583,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,102111,102112],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,102113,102114,102116,102118,102120,102122],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,102115,9315],{"class":65},[55,102117,93],{"class":75},[55,102119,163],{"class":65},[55,102121,166],{"class":75},[55,102123,9346],{"class":65},[889,102125,102127],{"id":102126},"expecting-items-from-the-second-set-instead-of-the-first-set","Expecting items from the second set instead of the first set",[14,102129,102130,102133],{},[18,102131,102132],{},"a.difference(b)"," means:",[240,102135,102136,102141],{},[243,102137,102138,102139],{},"keep items from ",[18,102140,294],{},[243,102142,102143,102144],{},"remove anything also in ",[18,102145,5046],{},[14,102147,40970,102148,102150,102151,102153],{},[435,102149,4916],{}," mean “show me what is unique in ",[18,102152,5046],{},"”.",[14,102155,358],{},[46,102157,102159],{"className":48,"code":102158,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(b.difference(a))\n",[18,102160,102161,102181,102201,102205,102223],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,102162,102163,102165,102167,102169,102171,102173,102175,102177,102179],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,102164,2857],{"class":902},[55,102166,906],{"class":703},[55,102168,10529],{"class":65},[55,102170,93],{"class":75},[55,102172,163],{"class":65},[55,102174,166],{"class":75},[55,102176,163],{"class":65},[55,102178,171],{"class":75},[55,102180,9346],{"class":65},[55,102182,102183,102185,102187,102189,102191,102193,102195,102197,102199],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,102184,2885],{"class":902},[55,102186,906],{"class":703},[55,102188,10529],{"class":65},[55,102190,2366],{"class":75},[55,102192,163],{"class":65},[55,102194,2759],{"class":75},[55,102196,163],{"class":65},[55,102198,4890],{"class":75},[55,102200,9346],{"class":65},[55,102202,102203],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,102204,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,102206,102207,102209,102211,102213,102215,102217,102219,102221],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,102208,62],{"class":61},[55,102210,66],{"class":65},[55,102212,294],{"class":318},[55,102214,29],{"class":65},[55,102216,3115],{"class":318},[55,102218,66],{"class":65},[55,102220,5046],{"class":318},[55,102222,79],{"class":65},[55,102224,102225,102227,102229,102231,102233,102235,102237,102239],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,102226,62],{"class":61},[55,102228,66],{"class":65},[55,102230,5046],{"class":318},[55,102232,29],{"class":65},[55,102234,3115],{"class":318},[55,102236,66],{"class":65},[55,102238,294],{"class":318},[55,102240,79],{"class":65},[14,102242,281],{},[46,102244,102246],{"className":48,"code":102245,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{1, 2}\n{4, 5}\n",[18,102247,102248,102260],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,102249,102250,102252,102254,102256,102258],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,102251,9315],{"class":65},[55,102253,93],{"class":75},[55,102255,163],{"class":65},[55,102257,166],{"class":75},[55,102259,9346],{"class":65},[55,102261,102262,102264,102266,102268,102270],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,102263,9315],{"class":65},[55,102265,2807],{"class":75},[55,102267,163],{"class":65},[55,102269,4890],{"class":75},[55,102271,9346],{"class":65},[14,102273,102274],{},"The order of the sets matters.",[889,102276,102278],{"id":102277},"comparing-lists-instead-of-sets","Comparing lists instead of sets",[14,102280,102281,102283],{},[18,102282,100490],{}," is a set method, not a list method.",[14,102285,55389],{},[46,102287,102289],{"className":48,"code":102288,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\n# a.difference(b)\n",[18,102290,102291,102311,102327,102331],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,102292,102293,102295,102297,102299,102301,102303,102305,102307,102309],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,102294,2857],{"class":902},[55,102296,906],{"class":703},[55,102298,909],{"class":65},[55,102300,93],{"class":75},[55,102302,163],{"class":65},[55,102304,166],{"class":75},[55,102306,163],{"class":65},[55,102308,171],{"class":75},[55,102310,924],{"class":65},[55,102312,102313,102315,102317,102319,102321,102323,102325],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,102314,2885],{"class":902},[55,102316,906],{"class":703},[55,102318,909],{"class":65},[55,102320,2366],{"class":75},[55,102322,163],{"class":65},[55,102324,2759],{"class":75},[55,102326,924],{"class":65},[55,102328,102329],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,102330,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,102332,102333],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,102334,102335],{"class":3956},"# a.difference(b)\n",[14,102337,102338],{},"Convert lists to sets first:",[46,102340,102342],{"className":48,"code":102341,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\nresult = set(a).difference(set(b))\nprint(result)\n",[18,102343,102344,102364,102380,102384,102410],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,102345,102346,102348,102350,102352,102354,102356,102358,102360,102362],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,102347,2857],{"class":902},[55,102349,906],{"class":703},[55,102351,909],{"class":65},[55,102353,93],{"class":75},[55,102355,163],{"class":65},[55,102357,166],{"class":75},[55,102359,163],{"class":65},[55,102361,171],{"class":75},[55,102363,924],{"class":65},[55,102365,102366,102368,102370,102372,102374,102376,102378],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,102367,2885],{"class":902},[55,102369,906],{"class":703},[55,102371,909],{"class":65},[55,102373,2366],{"class":75},[55,102375,163],{"class":65},[55,102377,2759],{"class":75},[55,102379,924],{"class":65},[55,102381,102382],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,102383,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,102385,102386,102388,102390,102392,102394,102396,102398,102400,102402,102404,102406,102408],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,102387,2534],{"class":902},[55,102389,906],{"class":703},[55,102391,15681],{"class":69},[55,102393,66],{"class":65},[55,102395,294],{"class":318},[55,102397,1777],{"class":65},[55,102399,3115],{"class":318},[55,102401,66],{"class":65},[55,102403,576],{"class":69},[55,102405,66],{"class":65},[55,102407,5046],{"class":318},[55,102409,79],{"class":65},[55,102411,102412,102414,102416,102418],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,102413,62],{"class":61},[55,102415,66],{"class":65},[55,102417,2569],{"class":318},[55,102419,322],{"class":65},[14,102421,281],{},[46,102423,102424],{"className":48,"code":100583,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,102425,102426],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,102427,102428,102430,102432,102434,102436],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,102429,9315],{"class":65},[55,102431,93],{"class":75},[55,102433,163],{"class":65},[55,102435,166],{"class":75},[55,102437,9346],{"class":65},[889,102439,102441],{"id":102440},"thinking-the-output-order-will-match-the-input-order","Thinking the output order will match the input order",[14,102443,102444],{},"Sets are unordered, so printed output may appear in a different order.",[46,102446,102448],{"className":48,"code":102447,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\"}\nb = {\"dog\"}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[18,102449,102450,102482,102498,102502],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,102451,102452,102454,102456,102458,102460,102462,102464,102466,102468,102470,102472,102474,102476,102478,102480],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,102453,2857],{"class":902},[55,102455,906],{"class":703},[55,102457,10529],{"class":65},[55,102459,126],{"class":109},[55,102461,37109],{"class":129},[55,102463,126],{"class":109},[55,102465,163],{"class":65},[55,102467,793],{"class":109},[55,102469,58198],{"class":129},[55,102471,126],{"class":109},[55,102473,163],{"class":65},[55,102475,793],{"class":109},[55,102477,58215],{"class":129},[55,102479,126],{"class":109},[55,102481,9346],{"class":65},[55,102483,102484,102486,102488,102490,102492,102494,102496],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,102485,2885],{"class":902},[55,102487,906],{"class":703},[55,102489,10529],{"class":65},[55,102491,126],{"class":109},[55,102493,58198],{"class":129},[55,102495,126],{"class":109},[55,102497,9346],{"class":65},[55,102499,102500],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,102501,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,102503,102504,102506,102508,102510,102512,102514,102516,102518],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,102505,62],{"class":61},[55,102507,66],{"class":65},[55,102509,294],{"class":318},[55,102511,29],{"class":65},[55,102513,3115],{"class":318},[55,102515,66],{"class":65},[55,102517,5046],{"class":318},[55,102519,79],{"class":65},[14,102521,102522],{},"You should focus on which values are present, not their position.",[889,102524,102526],{"id":102525},"trying-to-use-duplicate-values-in-a-set-example","Trying to use duplicate values in a set example",[14,102528,102529],{},"Sets automatically remove duplicates.",[46,102531,102533],{"className":48,"code":102532,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[18,102534,102535,102563,102575,102579,102589],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,102536,102537,102539,102541,102543,102545,102547,102549,102551,102553,102555,102557,102559,102561],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,102538,2857],{"class":902},[55,102540,906],{"class":703},[55,102542,10529],{"class":65},[55,102544,93],{"class":75},[55,102546,163],{"class":65},[55,102548,5782],{"class":75},[55,102550,163],{"class":65},[55,102552,166],{"class":75},[55,102554,163],{"class":65},[55,102556,166],{"class":75},[55,102558,163],{"class":65},[55,102560,171],{"class":75},[55,102562,9346],{"class":65},[55,102564,102565,102567,102569,102571,102573],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,102566,2885],{"class":902},[55,102568,906],{"class":703},[55,102570,10529],{"class":65},[55,102572,2366],{"class":75},[55,102574,9346],{"class":65},[55,102576,102577],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,102578,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,102580,102581,102583,102585,102587],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,102582,62],{"class":61},[55,102584,66],{"class":65},[55,102586,294],{"class":318},[55,102588,322],{"class":65},[55,102590,102591,102593,102595,102597,102599,102601,102603,102605],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,102592,62],{"class":61},[55,102594,66],{"class":65},[55,102596,294],{"class":318},[55,102598,29],{"class":65},[55,102600,3115],{"class":318},[55,102602,66],{"class":65},[55,102604,5046],{"class":318},[55,102606,79],{"class":65},[14,102608,281],{},[46,102610,102612],{"className":48,"code":102611,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{1, 2, 3}\n{1, 2}\n",[18,102613,102614,102630],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,102615,102616,102618,102620,102622,102624,102626,102628],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,102617,9315],{"class":65},[55,102619,93],{"class":75},[55,102621,163],{"class":65},[55,102623,166],{"class":75},[55,102625,163],{"class":65},[55,102627,171],{"class":75},[55,102629,9346],{"class":65},[55,102631,102632,102634,102636,102638,102640],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,102633,9315],{"class":65},[55,102635,93],{"class":75},[55,102637,163],{"class":65},[55,102639,166],{"class":75},[55,102641,9346],{"class":65},[14,102643,102644,102645,102647],{},"The duplicates are already gone before ",[18,102646,100490],{}," runs.",[889,102649,102651],{"id":102650},"quick-debugging-checks","Quick debugging checks",[14,102653,102654],{},"If your result is not what you expect, print the values you are working with:",[46,102656,102658],{"className":48,"code":102657,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(type(a.difference(b)))\nprint(len(a.difference(b)))\n",[18,102659,102660,102684,102704,102708,102718,102728,102746,102768],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,102661,102662,102664,102666,102668,102670,102672,102674,102676,102678,102680,102682],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,102663,2857],{"class":902},[55,102665,906],{"class":703},[55,102667,10529],{"class":65},[55,102669,93],{"class":75},[55,102671,163],{"class":65},[55,102673,166],{"class":75},[55,102675,163],{"class":65},[55,102677,171],{"class":75},[55,102679,163],{"class":65},[55,102681,2759],{"class":75},[55,102683,9346],{"class":65},[55,102685,102686,102688,102690,102692,102694,102696,102698,102700,102702],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,102687,2885],{"class":902},[55,102689,906],{"class":703},[55,102691,10529],{"class":65},[55,102693,2366],{"class":75},[55,102695,163],{"class":65},[55,102697,2759],{"class":75},[55,102699,163],{"class":65},[55,102701,4890],{"class":75},[55,102703,9346],{"class":65},[55,102705,102706],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,102707,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,102709,102710,102712,102714,102716],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,102711,62],{"class":61},[55,102713,66],{"class":65},[55,102715,294],{"class":318},[55,102717,322],{"class":65},[55,102719,102720,102722,102724,102726],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,102721,62],{"class":61},[55,102723,66],{"class":65},[55,102725,5046],{"class":318},[55,102727,322],{"class":65},[55,102729,102730,102732,102734,102736,102738,102740,102742,102744],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,102731,62],{"class":61},[55,102733,66],{"class":65},[55,102735,294],{"class":318},[55,102737,29],{"class":65},[55,102739,3115],{"class":318},[55,102741,66],{"class":65},[55,102743,5046],{"class":318},[55,102745,79],{"class":65},[55,102747,102748,102750,102752,102754,102756,102758,102760,102762,102764,102766],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,102749,62],{"class":61},[55,102751,66],{"class":65},[55,102753,1879],{"class":69},[55,102755,66],{"class":65},[55,102757,294],{"class":318},[55,102759,29],{"class":65},[55,102761,3115],{"class":318},[55,102763,66],{"class":65},[55,102765,5046],{"class":318},[55,102767,769],{"class":65},[55,102769,102770,102772,102774,102776,102778,102780,102782,102784,102786,102788],{"class":57,"line":582},[55,102771,62],{"class":61},[55,102773,66],{"class":65},[55,102775,11202],{"class":61},[55,102777,66],{"class":65},[55,102779,294],{"class":318},[55,102781,29],{"class":65},[55,102783,3115],{"class":318},[55,102785,66],{"class":65},[55,102787,5046],{"class":318},[55,102789,769],{"class":65},[14,102791,11211],{},[240,102793,102794,102797,102800,102803],{},[243,102795,102796],{},"what is in each set",[243,102798,102799],{},"what result Python creates",[243,102801,102802],{},"that the result is a set",[243,102804,102805],{},"how many items remain",[44983,102807],{},[41,102809,2139],{"id":2138},[889,102811,12748,102813,102815],{"id":102812},"does-difference-change-the-original-set",[18,102814,100490],{}," change the original set?",[14,102817,102818],{},"No. It returns a new set and leaves the original set unchanged.",[889,102820,5466,102822,4679,102824,2794],{"id":102821},"what-is-the-difference-between-difference-and-difference_update",[18,102823,100490],{},[18,102825,101401],{},[14,102827,102828,102830,102831,102833],{},[18,102829,100490],{}," returns a new set. ",[18,102832,101401],{}," modifies the original set.",[889,102835,28383,102837,102839],{"id":102836},"can-i-use-difference-with-more-than-two-sets",[18,102838,100490],{}," with more than two sets?",[14,102841,102842],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets, and Python removes items found in any of them.",[889,102844,102846],{"id":102845},"why-is-my-output-in-a-different-order","Why is my output in a different order?",[14,102848,102849],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so item order is not guaranteed.",[44983,102851],{},[41,102853,2193],{"id":2192},[240,102855,102856,102860,102868],{},[243,102857,102858],{},[294,102859,96404],{"href":97575},[243,102861,102862],{},[294,102863,96890,102865,10780],{"href":102864},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method\u002F",[18,102866,102867],{},"intersection()",[243,102869,102870],{},[294,102871,96890,102873,10780],{"href":102872},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method\u002F",[18,102874,102875],{},"union()",[2226,102877,102878],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":102880},[102881,102882,102884,102885,102886,102887,102889,102894,102896,102904,102913],{"id":43,"depth":82,"text":44},{"id":100612,"depth":82,"text":102883},"What difference() does",{"id":2459,"depth":82,"text":2460},{"id":17467,"depth":82,"text":17468},{"id":11516,"depth":82,"text":11517},{"id":101231,"depth":82,"text":102888},"Using difference() with multiple sets",{"id":101396,"depth":82,"text":102890,"children":102891},"difference() vs difference_update()",[102892,102893],{"id":3115,"depth":98,"text":100490},{"id":101549,"depth":98,"text":101401},{"id":101668,"depth":82,"text":102895},"difference() vs the - operator",{"id":4802,"depth":82,"text":4803,"children":102897},[102898,102899,102900,102901,102902,102903],{"id":101938,"depth":98,"text":101939},{"id":102126,"depth":98,"text":102127},{"id":102277,"depth":98,"text":102278},{"id":102440,"depth":98,"text":102441},{"id":102525,"depth":98,"text":102526},{"id":102650,"depth":98,"text":102651},{"id":2138,"depth":82,"text":2139,"children":102905},[102906,102908,102910,102912],{"id":102812,"depth":98,"text":102907},"Does difference() change the original set?",{"id":102821,"depth":98,"text":102909},"What is the difference between difference() and difference_update()?",{"id":102836,"depth":98,"text":102911},"Can I use difference() with more than two sets?",{"id":102845,"depth":98,"text":102846},{"id":2192,"depth":82,"text":2193},"Master python set difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method",{"title":100482,"description":102914},"reference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method","bZVw-xPJFGLOKBsNwpxWWnc63jZlXAESku0dp0AiTQs",{"id":102921,"title":102922,"body":102923,"description":104618,"extension":2267,"meta":104619,"navigation":1121,"path":104620,"seo":104621,"stem":104622,"__hash__":104623},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method.md","Python Set discard() Method",{"type":7,"value":102924,"toc":104580},[102925,102931,102937,102950,102952,103053,103055,103100,103105,103110,103114,103128,103131,103139,103141,103160,103178,103182,103235,103237,103258,103265,103270,103297,103304,103403,103405,103442,103450,103454,103460,103463,103536,103538,103546,103551,103620,103622,103647,103649,103652,103755,103757,103818,103821,103825,103831,103904,103906,103939,103942,103945,103985,103991,104014,104019,104023,104034,104037,104039,104043,104049,104051,104108,104118,104120,104173,104180,104185,104253,104261,104267,104271,104273,104312,104317,104366,104370,104373,104375,104414,104417,104419,104424,104481,104483,104497,104499,104503,104509,104514,104519,104526,104537,104543,104548,104550,104577],[10,102926,96276,102928,11363],{"id":102927},"python-set-discard-method",[18,102929,102930],{},"discard()",[14,102932,102933,102936],{},[18,102934,102935],{},"set.discard()"," removes one item from a set.",[14,102938,102939,102940,2493,102945,14100,102947,102949],{},"Use it when you want to remove a value safely, even if that value might not be in the set. Unlike ",[294,102941,102942],{"href":98285},[18,102943,102944],{},"set.remove()",[18,102946,102930],{},[435,102948,4916],{}," raise an error for a missing item.",[41,102951,2308],{"id":2307},[46,102953,102955],{"className":48,"code":102954,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n\ncolors.discard(\"yellow\")  # no error if missing\nprint(colors)\n",[18,102956,102957,102989,103008,103018,103022,103043],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,102958,102959,102961,102963,102965,102967,102969,102971,102973,102975,102977,102979,102981,102983,102985,102987],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,102960,13121],{"class":902},[55,102962,906],{"class":703},[55,102964,10529],{"class":65},[55,102966,126],{"class":109},[55,102968,13138],{"class":129},[55,102970,126],{"class":109},[55,102972,163],{"class":65},[55,102974,793],{"class":109},[55,102976,13155],{"class":129},[55,102978,126],{"class":109},[55,102980,163],{"class":65},[55,102982,793],{"class":109},[55,102984,17505],{"class":129},[55,102986,126],{"class":109},[55,102988,9346],{"class":65},[55,102990,102991,102993,102995,102998,103000,103002,103004,103006],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,102992,17552],{"class":902},[55,102994,29],{"class":65},[55,102996,102997],{"class":318},"discard",[55,102999,66],{"class":65},[55,103001,126],{"class":109},[55,103003,13155],{"class":129},[55,103005,126],{"class":109},[55,103007,322],{"class":65},[55,103009,103010,103012,103014,103016],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,103011,62],{"class":61},[55,103013,66],{"class":65},[55,103015,17552],{"class":318},[55,103017,322],{"class":65},[55,103019,103020],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,103021,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,103023,103024,103026,103028,103030,103032,103034,103036,103038,103040],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,103025,17552],{"class":902},[55,103027,29],{"class":65},[55,103029,102997],{"class":318},[55,103031,66],{"class":65},[55,103033,126],{"class":109},[55,103035,22576],{"class":129},[55,103037,126],{"class":109},[55,103039,3953],{"class":65},[55,103041,103042],{"class":3956},"  # no error if missing\n",[55,103044,103045,103047,103049,103051],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,103046,62],{"class":61},[55,103048,66],{"class":65},[55,103050,17552],{"class":318},[55,103052,322],{"class":65},[14,103054,30085],{},[46,103056,103058],{"className":48,"code":103057,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'red', 'green'}\n{'red', 'green'}\n",[18,103059,103060,103080],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,103061,103062,103064,103066,103068,103070,103072,103074,103076,103078],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,103063,9315],{"class":65},[55,103065,1923],{"class":109},[55,103067,13138],{"class":129},[55,103069,1923],{"class":109},[55,103071,163],{"class":65},[55,103073,1918],{"class":109},[55,103075,17505],{"class":129},[55,103077,1923],{"class":109},[55,103079,9346],{"class":65},[55,103081,103082,103084,103086,103088,103090,103092,103094,103096,103098],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,103083,9315],{"class":65},[55,103085,1923],{"class":109},[55,103087,13138],{"class":129},[55,103089,1923],{"class":109},[55,103091,163],{"class":65},[55,103093,1918],{"class":109},[55,103095,17505],{"class":129},[55,103097,1923],{"class":109},[55,103099,9346],{"class":65},[14,103101,212,103102,103104],{},[18,103103,102930],{}," when you want to remove a value from a set safely, even if that value may not exist.",[41,103106,3970,103108,3973],{"id":103107},"what-setdiscard-does",[18,103109,102935],{},[14,103111,103112,790],{},[18,103113,102930],{},[240,103115,103116,103119,103122,103124],{},[243,103117,103118],{},"Removes one item from a set",[243,103120,103121],{},"Does nothing if the item is not in the set",[243,103123,96391],{},[243,103125,11465,103126],{},[18,103127,481],{},[14,103129,103130],{},"This means the set itself is updated. Python does not create a new set.",[14,103132,96400,103133,25,103136,29],{},[294,103134,103135],{"href":98867},"what a set is in Python",[294,103137,103138],{"href":97959},"how to create a set",[41,103140,2460],{"id":2459},[46,103142,103144],{"className":48,"code":103143,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_set.discard(value)\n",[18,103145,103146],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,103147,103148,103150,103152,103154,103156,103158],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,103149,15714],{"class":902},[55,103151,29],{"class":65},[55,103153,102997],{"class":318},[55,103155,66],{"class":65},[55,103157,319],{"class":318},[55,103159,322],{"class":65},[240,103161,103162,103167,103172,103175],{},[243,103163,103164,103166],{},[18,103165,15714],{}," is the set you want to change",[243,103168,103169,103171],{},[18,103170,319],{}," is the item you want to remove",[243,103173,103174],{},"The set must already exist",[243,103176,103177],{},"The value must be a valid set element type",[889,103179,103181],{"id":103180},"example","Example",[46,103183,103185],{"className":48,"code":103184,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nnumbers.discard(3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,103186,103187,103211,103225],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,103188,103189,103191,103193,103195,103197,103199,103201,103203,103205,103207,103209],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,103190,1168],{"class":902},[55,103192,906],{"class":703},[55,103194,10529],{"class":65},[55,103196,93],{"class":75},[55,103198,163],{"class":65},[55,103200,166],{"class":75},[55,103202,163],{"class":65},[55,103204,171],{"class":75},[55,103206,163],{"class":65},[55,103208,2759],{"class":75},[55,103210,9346],{"class":65},[55,103212,103213,103215,103217,103219,103221,103223],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,103214,332],{"class":902},[55,103216,29],{"class":65},[55,103218,102997],{"class":318},[55,103220,66],{"class":65},[55,103222,2366],{"class":75},[55,103224,322],{"class":65},[55,103226,103227,103229,103231,103233],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,103228,62],{"class":61},[55,103230,66],{"class":65},[55,103232,332],{"class":318},[55,103234,322],{"class":65},[14,103236,281],{},[46,103238,103240],{"className":48,"code":103239,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{1, 2, 4}\n",[18,103241,103242],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,103243,103244,103246,103248,103250,103252,103254,103256],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,103245,9315],{"class":65},[55,103247,93],{"class":75},[55,103249,163],{"class":65},[55,103251,166],{"class":75},[55,103253,163],{"class":65},[55,103255,2759],{"class":75},[55,103257,9346],{"class":65},[41,103259,103261,103262,103264],{"id":103260},"what-makes-discard-different","What makes ",[18,103263,102930],{}," different",[14,103266,103267,103269],{},[18,103268,102930],{}," is similar to other set methods, but it behaves differently in an important way.",[240,103271,103272,103285,103294],{},[243,103273,103274,103275,2493,103279,103281,103282,103284],{},"Unlike ",[294,103276,103277],{"href":98285},[18,103278,55599],{},[18,103280,102930],{}," does not raise ",[18,103283,19738],{}," when the item is missing",[243,103286,103274,103287,2493,103291,103293],{},[294,103288,103289],{"href":98290},[18,103290,12807],{},[18,103292,102930],{}," removes a specific item",[243,103295,103296],{},"It is useful when you are not sure whether the item exists",[889,103298,103300,10624,103302],{"id":103299},"discard-vs-remove",[18,103301,102930],{},[18,103303,55599],{},[46,103305,103307],{"className":48,"code":103306,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\"}\n\nitems.discard(\"orange\")   # no error\nprint(items)\n\nitems.remove(\"banana\")    # removes existing item\nprint(items)\n",[18,103308,103309,103333,103337,103358,103368,103372,103393],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,103310,103311,103313,103315,103317,103319,103321,103323,103325,103327,103329,103331],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,103312,903],{"class":902},[55,103314,906],{"class":703},[55,103316,10529],{"class":65},[55,103318,126],{"class":109},[55,103320,4364],{"class":129},[55,103322,126],{"class":109},[55,103324,163],{"class":65},[55,103326,793],{"class":109},[55,103328,4373],{"class":129},[55,103330,126],{"class":109},[55,103332,9346],{"class":65},[55,103334,103335],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,103336,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,103338,103339,103341,103343,103345,103347,103349,103351,103353,103355],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,103340,937],{"class":902},[55,103342,29],{"class":65},[55,103344,102997],{"class":318},[55,103346,66],{"class":65},[55,103348,126],{"class":109},[55,103350,33278],{"class":129},[55,103352,126],{"class":109},[55,103354,3953],{"class":65},[55,103356,103357],{"class":3956},"   # no error\n",[55,103359,103360,103362,103364,103366],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,103361,62],{"class":61},[55,103363,66],{"class":65},[55,103365,937],{"class":318},[55,103367,322],{"class":65},[55,103369,103370],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,103371,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,103373,103374,103376,103378,103380,103382,103384,103386,103388,103390],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,103375,937],{"class":902},[55,103377,29],{"class":65},[55,103379,34853],{"class":318},[55,103381,66],{"class":65},[55,103383,126],{"class":109},[55,103385,4373],{"class":129},[55,103387,126],{"class":109},[55,103389,3953],{"class":65},[55,103391,103392],{"class":3956},"    # removes existing item\n",[55,103394,103395,103397,103399,103401],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,103396,62],{"class":61},[55,103398,66],{"class":65},[55,103400,937],{"class":318},[55,103402,322],{"class":65},[14,103404,281],{},[46,103406,103408],{"className":48,"code":103407,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'apple', 'banana'}\n{'apple'}\n",[18,103409,103410,103430],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,103411,103412,103414,103416,103418,103420,103422,103424,103426,103428],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,103413,9315],{"class":65},[55,103415,1923],{"class":109},[55,103417,4364],{"class":129},[55,103419,1923],{"class":109},[55,103421,163],{"class":65},[55,103423,1918],{"class":109},[55,103425,4373],{"class":129},[55,103427,1923],{"class":109},[55,103429,9346],{"class":65},[55,103431,103432,103434,103436,103438,103440],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,103433,9315],{"class":65},[55,103435,1923],{"class":109},[55,103437,4364],{"class":129},[55,103439,1923],{"class":109},[55,103441,9346],{"class":65},[14,103443,40407,103444,103446,103447,103449],{},[18,103445,55599],{}," with a missing value, Python raises an error. See ",[294,103448,11115],{"href":11114}," for more help with that case.",[41,103451,103453],{"id":103452},"what-the-method-returns","What the method returns",[14,103455,103456,1265,103458,29],{},[18,103457,102930],{},[18,103459,481],{},[14,103461,103462],{},"That means you should not write code like this:",[46,103464,103466],{"className":48,"code":103465,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nresult = colors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,103467,103468,103500,103522,103526],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,103469,103470,103472,103474,103476,103478,103480,103482,103484,103486,103488,103490,103492,103494,103496,103498],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,103471,13121],{"class":902},[55,103473,906],{"class":703},[55,103475,10529],{"class":65},[55,103477,126],{"class":109},[55,103479,13138],{"class":129},[55,103481,126],{"class":109},[55,103483,163],{"class":65},[55,103485,793],{"class":109},[55,103487,13155],{"class":129},[55,103489,126],{"class":109},[55,103491,163],{"class":65},[55,103493,793],{"class":109},[55,103495,17505],{"class":129},[55,103497,126],{"class":109},[55,103499,9346],{"class":65},[55,103501,103502,103504,103506,103508,103510,103512,103514,103516,103518,103520],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,103503,2534],{"class":902},[55,103505,906],{"class":703},[55,103507,13169],{"class":902},[55,103509,29],{"class":65},[55,103511,102997],{"class":318},[55,103513,66],{"class":65},[55,103515,126],{"class":109},[55,103517,13155],{"class":129},[55,103519,126],{"class":109},[55,103521,322],{"class":65},[55,103523,103524],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,103525,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,103527,103528,103530,103532,103534],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,103529,62],{"class":61},[55,103531,66],{"class":65},[55,103533,2569],{"class":318},[55,103535,322],{"class":65},[14,103537,281],{},[46,103539,103540],{"className":48,"code":11851,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,103541,103542],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,103543,103544],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,103545,11851],{"class":187},[14,103547,103548,103549,790],{},"The changed set is still stored in ",[18,103550,17552],{},[46,103552,103554],{"className":48,"code":103553,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[18,103555,103556,103588,103606,103610],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,103557,103558,103560,103562,103564,103566,103568,103570,103572,103574,103576,103578,103580,103582,103584,103586],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,103559,13121],{"class":902},[55,103561,906],{"class":703},[55,103563,10529],{"class":65},[55,103565,126],{"class":109},[55,103567,13138],{"class":129},[55,103569,126],{"class":109},[55,103571,163],{"class":65},[55,103573,793],{"class":109},[55,103575,13155],{"class":129},[55,103577,126],{"class":109},[55,103579,163],{"class":65},[55,103581,793],{"class":109},[55,103583,17505],{"class":129},[55,103585,126],{"class":109},[55,103587,9346],{"class":65},[55,103589,103590,103592,103594,103596,103598,103600,103602,103604],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,103591,17552],{"class":902},[55,103593,29],{"class":65},[55,103595,102997],{"class":318},[55,103597,66],{"class":65},[55,103599,126],{"class":109},[55,103601,13155],{"class":129},[55,103603,126],{"class":109},[55,103605,322],{"class":65},[55,103607,103608],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,103609,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,103611,103612,103614,103616,103618],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,103613,62],{"class":61},[55,103615,66],{"class":65},[55,103617,17552],{"class":318},[55,103619,322],{"class":65},[14,103621,281],{},[46,103623,103625],{"className":48,"code":103624,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'red', 'green'}\n",[18,103626,103627],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,103628,103629,103631,103633,103635,103637,103639,103641,103643,103645],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,103630,9315],{"class":65},[55,103632,1923],{"class":109},[55,103634,13138],{"class":129},[55,103636,1923],{"class":109},[55,103638,163],{"class":65},[55,103640,1918],{"class":109},[55,103642,17505],{"class":129},[55,103644,1923],{"class":109},[55,103646,9346],{"class":65},[41,103648,11517],{"id":11516},[14,103650,103651],{},"Here is a basic example that removes an existing item.",[46,103653,103655],{"className":48,"code":103654,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", fruits)\n\nfruits.discard(\"banana\")\n\nprint(\"After:\", fruits)\n",[18,103656,103657,103689,103693,103711,103715,103733,103737],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,103658,103659,103661,103663,103665,103667,103669,103671,103673,103675,103677,103679,103681,103683,103685,103687],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,103660,36300],{"class":902},[55,103662,906],{"class":703},[55,103664,10529],{"class":65},[55,103666,126],{"class":109},[55,103668,4364],{"class":129},[55,103670,126],{"class":109},[55,103672,163],{"class":65},[55,103674,793],{"class":109},[55,103676,4373],{"class":129},[55,103678,126],{"class":109},[55,103680,163],{"class":65},[55,103682,793],{"class":109},[55,103684,33278],{"class":129},[55,103686,126],{"class":109},[55,103688,9346],{"class":65},[55,103690,103691],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,103692,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,103694,103695,103697,103699,103701,103703,103705,103707,103709],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,103696,62],{"class":61},[55,103698,66],{"class":65},[55,103700,126],{"class":109},[55,103702,11606],{"class":129},[55,103704,126],{"class":109},[55,103706,163],{"class":65},[55,103708,52921],{"class":318},[55,103710,322],{"class":65},[55,103712,103713],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,103714,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,103716,103717,103719,103721,103723,103725,103727,103729,103731],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,103718,36352],{"class":902},[55,103720,29],{"class":65},[55,103722,102997],{"class":318},[55,103724,66],{"class":65},[55,103726,126],{"class":109},[55,103728,4373],{"class":129},[55,103730,126],{"class":109},[55,103732,322],{"class":65},[55,103734,103735],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,103736,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,103738,103739,103741,103743,103745,103747,103749,103751,103753],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,103740,62],{"class":61},[55,103742,66],{"class":65},[55,103744,126],{"class":109},[55,103746,11646],{"class":129},[55,103748,126],{"class":109},[55,103750,163],{"class":65},[55,103752,52921],{"class":318},[55,103754,322],{"class":65},[14,103756,281],{},[46,103758,103760],{"className":48,"code":103759,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Before: {'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\nAfter: {'apple', 'orange'}\n",[18,103761,103762,103794],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,103763,103764,103766,103768,103770,103772,103774,103776,103778,103780,103782,103784,103786,103788,103790,103792],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,103765,11666],{"class":902},[55,103767,790],{"class":65},[55,103769,10529],{"class":65},[55,103771,1923],{"class":109},[55,103773,4373],{"class":129},[55,103775,1923],{"class":109},[55,103777,163],{"class":65},[55,103779,1918],{"class":109},[55,103781,4364],{"class":129},[55,103783,1923],{"class":109},[55,103785,163],{"class":65},[55,103787,1918],{"class":109},[55,103789,33278],{"class":129},[55,103791,1923],{"class":109},[55,103793,9346],{"class":65},[55,103795,103796,103798,103800,103802,103804,103806,103808,103810,103812,103814,103816],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,103797,11719],{"class":902},[55,103799,790],{"class":65},[55,103801,10529],{"class":65},[55,103803,1923],{"class":109},[55,103805,4364],{"class":129},[55,103807,1923],{"class":109},[55,103809,163],{"class":65},[55,103811,1918],{"class":109},[55,103813,33278],{"class":129},[55,103815,1923],{"class":109},[55,103817,9346],{"class":65},[14,103819,103820],{},"The order of items in a set may look different on your computer because sets are unordered.",[41,103822,103824],{"id":103823},"example-with-a-missing-item","Example with a missing item",[14,103826,103827,103828,103830],{},"One of the most useful features of ",[18,103829,102930],{}," is that it does not fail if the item is missing.",[46,103832,103834],{"className":48,"code":103833,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.discard(\"grape\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[18,103835,103836,103868,103872,103890,103894],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,103837,103838,103840,103842,103844,103846,103848,103850,103852,103854,103856,103858,103860,103862,103864,103866],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,103839,36300],{"class":902},[55,103841,906],{"class":703},[55,103843,10529],{"class":65},[55,103845,126],{"class":109},[55,103847,4364],{"class":129},[55,103849,126],{"class":109},[55,103851,163],{"class":65},[55,103853,793],{"class":109},[55,103855,4373],{"class":129},[55,103857,126],{"class":109},[55,103859,163],{"class":65},[55,103861,793],{"class":109},[55,103863,33278],{"class":129},[55,103865,126],{"class":109},[55,103867,9346],{"class":65},[55,103869,103870],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,103871,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,103873,103874,103876,103878,103880,103882,103884,103886,103888],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,103875,36352],{"class":902},[55,103877,29],{"class":65},[55,103879,102997],{"class":318},[55,103881,66],{"class":65},[55,103883,126],{"class":109},[55,103885,22585],{"class":129},[55,103887,126],{"class":109},[55,103889,322],{"class":65},[55,103891,103892],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,103893,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,103895,103896,103898,103900,103902],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,103897,62],{"class":61},[55,103899,66],{"class":65},[55,103901,36352],{"class":318},[55,103903,322],{"class":65},[14,103905,281],{},[46,103907,103909],{"className":48,"code":103908,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\n",[18,103910,103911],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,103912,103913,103915,103917,103919,103921,103923,103925,103927,103929,103931,103933,103935,103937],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,103914,9315],{"class":65},[55,103916,1923],{"class":109},[55,103918,4373],{"class":129},[55,103920,1923],{"class":109},[55,103922,163],{"class":65},[55,103924,1918],{"class":109},[55,103926,4364],{"class":129},[55,103928,1923],{"class":109},[55,103930,163],{"class":65},[55,103932,1918],{"class":109},[55,103934,33278],{"class":129},[55,103936,1923],{"class":109},[55,103938,9346],{"class":65},[14,103940,103941],{},"No error happens here.",[14,103943,103944],{},"This is helpful in beginner code because you do not need to check first:",[46,103946,103948],{"className":48,"code":103947,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"if \"grape\" in fruits:\n    fruits.remove(\"grape\")\n",[18,103949,103950,103966],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,103951,103952,103954,103956,103958,103960,103962,103964],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,103953,38],{"class":1193},[55,103955,793],{"class":109},[55,103957,22585],{"class":129},[55,103959,126],{"class":109},[55,103961,21225],{"class":703},[55,103963,52921],{"class":902},[55,103965,1199],{"class":65},[55,103967,103968,103971,103973,103975,103977,103979,103981,103983],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,103969,103970],{"class":902},"    fruits",[55,103972,29],{"class":65},[55,103974,34853],{"class":318},[55,103976,66],{"class":65},[55,103978,126],{"class":109},[55,103980,22585],{"class":129},[55,103982,126],{"class":109},[55,103984,322],{"class":65},[14,103986,103987,103988,103990],{},"With ",[18,103989,102930],{},", you can simply write:",[46,103992,103994],{"className":48,"code":103993,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"fruits.discard(\"grape\")\n",[18,103995,103996],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,103997,103998,104000,104002,104004,104006,104008,104010,104012],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,103999,36352],{"class":902},[55,104001,29],{"class":65},[55,104003,102997],{"class":318},[55,104005,66],{"class":65},[55,104007,126],{"class":109},[55,104009,22585],{"class":129},[55,104011,126],{"class":109},[55,104013,322],{"class":65},[41,104015,5247,104017],{"id":104016},"when-to-use-discard",[18,104018,102930],{},[14,104020,212,104021,10640],{},[18,104022,102930],{},[240,104024,104025,104028,104031],{},[243,104026,104027],{},"Missing values are normal",[243,104029,104030],{},"You want simple, safe removal",[243,104032,104033],{},"You do not want to write an existence check first",[14,104035,104036],{},"It is a good choice when your program does not care whether the value was already missing.",[41,104038,1586],{"id":1585},[14,104040,1589,104041,29],{},[18,104042,102930],{},[889,104044,1595,104046,104048],{"id":104045},"expecting-discard-to-return-the-changed-set",[18,104047,102930],{}," to return the changed set",[14,104050,4810],{},[46,104052,104054],{"className":48,"code":104053,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,104055,104056,104076,104094,104098],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,104057,104058,104060,104062,104064,104066,104068,104070,104072,104074],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,104059,1168],{"class":902},[55,104061,906],{"class":703},[55,104063,10529],{"class":65},[55,104065,93],{"class":75},[55,104067,163],{"class":65},[55,104069,166],{"class":75},[55,104071,163],{"class":65},[55,104073,171],{"class":75},[55,104075,9346],{"class":65},[55,104077,104078,104080,104082,104084,104086,104088,104090,104092],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,104079,1168],{"class":902},[55,104081,906],{"class":703},[55,104083,1196],{"class":902},[55,104085,29],{"class":65},[55,104087,102997],{"class":318},[55,104089,66],{"class":65},[55,104091,707],{"class":75},[55,104093,322],{"class":65},[55,104095,104096],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,104097,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,104099,104100,104102,104104,104106],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,104101,62],{"class":61},[55,104103,66],{"class":65},[55,104105,332],{"class":318},[55,104107,322],{"class":65},[14,104109,104110,42220,104112,1747,104114,1265,104116,29],{},[18,104111,332],{},[18,104113,481],{},[18,104115,102930],{},[18,104117,481],{},[14,104119,18891],{},[46,104121,104123],{"className":48,"code":104122,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,104124,104125,104145,104159,104163],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,104126,104127,104129,104131,104133,104135,104137,104139,104141,104143],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,104128,1168],{"class":902},[55,104130,906],{"class":703},[55,104132,10529],{"class":65},[55,104134,93],{"class":75},[55,104136,163],{"class":65},[55,104138,166],{"class":75},[55,104140,163],{"class":65},[55,104142,171],{"class":75},[55,104144,9346],{"class":65},[55,104146,104147,104149,104151,104153,104155,104157],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,104148,332],{"class":902},[55,104150,29],{"class":65},[55,104152,102997],{"class":318},[55,104154,66],{"class":65},[55,104156,707],{"class":75},[55,104158,322],{"class":65},[55,104160,104161],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,104162,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,104164,104165,104167,104169,104171],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,104166,62],{"class":61},[55,104168,66],{"class":65},[55,104170,332],{"class":318},[55,104172,322],{"class":65},[889,104174,37266,104176,1851,104178],{"id":104175},"confusing-discard-with-remove",[18,104177,102930],{},[18,104179,55599],{},[14,104181,104182,104183,29],{},"If you want to avoid errors for missing values, use ",[18,104184,102930],{},[46,104186,104188],{"className":48,"code":104187,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"z\")   # safe\nprint(letters)\n",[18,104189,104190,104222,104243],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,104191,104192,104194,104196,104198,104200,104202,104204,104206,104208,104210,104212,104214,104216,104218,104220],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,104193,36151],{"class":902},[55,104195,906],{"class":703},[55,104197,10529],{"class":65},[55,104199,126],{"class":109},[55,104201,294],{"class":129},[55,104203,126],{"class":109},[55,104205,163],{"class":65},[55,104207,793],{"class":109},[55,104209,5046],{"class":129},[55,104211,126],{"class":109},[55,104213,163],{"class":65},[55,104215,793],{"class":109},[55,104217,9777],{"class":129},[55,104219,126],{"class":109},[55,104221,9346],{"class":65},[55,104223,104224,104226,104228,104230,104232,104234,104236,104238,104240],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,104225,36204],{"class":902},[55,104227,29],{"class":65},[55,104229,102997],{"class":318},[55,104231,66],{"class":65},[55,104233,126],{"class":109},[55,104235,22129],{"class":129},[55,104237,126],{"class":109},[55,104239,3953],{"class":65},[55,104241,104242],{"class":3956},"   # safe\n",[55,104244,104245,104247,104249,104251],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,104246,62],{"class":61},[55,104248,66],{"class":65},[55,104250,36204],{"class":318},[55,104252,322],{"class":65},[14,104254,104255,104256,45975,104259,29],{},"If you use ",[18,104257,104258],{},"remove(\"z\")",[18,104260,19738],{},[889,104262,25670,104264,104266],{"id":104263},"trying-to-use-discard-on-a-list-instead-of-a-set",[18,104265,102930],{}," on a list instead of a set",[14,104268,104269,102283],{},[18,104270,102930],{},[14,104272,16692],{},[46,104274,104276],{"className":48,"code":104275,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.discard(2)\n",[18,104277,104278,104298],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,104279,104280,104282,104284,104286,104288,104290,104292,104294,104296],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,104281,903],{"class":902},[55,104283,906],{"class":703},[55,104285,909],{"class":65},[55,104287,93],{"class":75},[55,104289,163],{"class":65},[55,104291,166],{"class":75},[55,104293,163],{"class":65},[55,104295,171],{"class":75},[55,104297,924],{"class":65},[55,104299,104300,104302,104304,104306,104308,104310],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,104301,937],{"class":902},[55,104303,29],{"class":65},[55,104305,102997],{"class":318},[55,104307,66],{"class":65},[55,104309,707],{"class":75},[55,104311,322],{"class":65},[14,104313,104314,104315,790],{},"Use a set if you need ",[18,104316,102930],{},[46,104318,104320],{"className":48,"code":104319,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.discard(2)\nprint(items)\n",[18,104321,104322,104342,104356],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,104323,104324,104326,104328,104330,104332,104334,104336,104338,104340],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,104325,903],{"class":902},[55,104327,906],{"class":703},[55,104329,10529],{"class":65},[55,104331,93],{"class":75},[55,104333,163],{"class":65},[55,104335,166],{"class":75},[55,104337,163],{"class":65},[55,104339,171],{"class":75},[55,104341,9346],{"class":65},[55,104343,104344,104346,104348,104350,104352,104354],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,104345,937],{"class":902},[55,104347,29],{"class":65},[55,104349,102997],{"class":318},[55,104351,66],{"class":65},[55,104353,707],{"class":75},[55,104355,322],{"class":65},[55,104357,104358,104360,104362,104364],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,104359,62],{"class":61},[55,104361,66],{"class":65},[55,104363,937],{"class":318},[55,104365,322],{"class":65},[889,104367,104369],{"id":104368},"passing-an-unhashable-value-such-as-a-list","Passing an unhashable value such as a list",[14,104371,104372],{},"Set items must be hashable. A list is not hashable.",[14,104374,3139],{},[46,104376,104378],{"className":48,"code":104377,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {1, 2, 3}\ndata.discard([2])\n",[18,104379,104380,104400],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,104381,104382,104384,104386,104388,104390,104392,104394,104396,104398],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,104383,9202],{"class":902},[55,104385,906],{"class":703},[55,104387,10529],{"class":65},[55,104389,93],{"class":75},[55,104391,163],{"class":65},[55,104393,166],{"class":75},[55,104395,163],{"class":65},[55,104397,171],{"class":75},[55,104399,9346],{"class":65},[55,104401,104402,104404,104406,104408,104410,104412],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,104403,9241],{"class":902},[55,104405,29],{"class":65},[55,104407,102997],{"class":318},[55,104409,158],{"class":65},[55,104411,707],{"class":75},[55,104413,4174],{"class":65},[14,104415,104416],{},"Use a valid set element type instead, such as a number, string, or tuple.",[41,104418,2026],{"id":2025},[14,104420,2029,104421,104423],{},[18,104422,102930],{}," is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[46,104425,104427],{"className":48,"code":104426,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value in my_set)\nhelp(set.discard)\n",[18,104428,104429,104439,104453,104467],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,104430,104431,104433,104435,104437],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,104432,62],{"class":61},[55,104434,66],{"class":65},[55,104436,15714],{"class":318},[55,104438,322],{"class":65},[55,104440,104441,104443,104445,104447,104449,104451],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,104442,62],{"class":61},[55,104444,66],{"class":65},[55,104446,1879],{"class":69},[55,104448,66],{"class":65},[55,104450,15714],{"class":318},[55,104452,79],{"class":65},[55,104454,104455,104457,104459,104461,104463,104465],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,104456,62],{"class":61},[55,104458,66],{"class":65},[55,104460,1654],{"class":318},[55,104462,4168],{"class":1193},[55,104464,97000],{"class":318},[55,104466,322],{"class":65},[55,104468,104469,104471,104473,104475,104477,104479],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,104470,32209],{"class":61},[55,104472,66],{"class":65},[55,104474,576],{"class":69},[55,104476,29],{"class":65},[55,104478,102997],{"class":24803},[55,104480,322],{"class":65},[14,104482,11211],{},[240,104484,104485,104488,104491,104494],{},[243,104486,104487],{},"What is currently in the set",[243,104489,104490],{},"Whether the variable is really a set",[243,104492,104493],{},"Whether the value exists before removal",[243,104495,104496],{},"How Python documents the method",[41,104498,2139],{"id":2138},[889,104500,104502],{"id":104501},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-in-the-set","What happens if the item is not in the set?",[14,104504,104505,104506,104508],{},"Nothing happens. ",[18,104507,102930],{}," does not raise an error when the item is missing.",[889,104510,5429,104512,12760],{"id":104511},"what-does-setdiscard-return",[18,104513,102935],{},[14,104515,2157,104516,104518],{},[18,104517,481],{},". It changes the original set instead of creating a new one.",[889,104520,5466,104522,4679,104524,2794],{"id":104521},"what-is-the-difference-between-discard-and-remove",[18,104523,102930],{},[18,104525,55599],{},[14,104527,104528,104529,26592,104531,104533,104534,104536],{},"Both remove items from a set. ",[18,104530,55599],{},[18,104532,19738],{}," if the item is missing, but ",[18,104535,102930],{}," does not.",[889,104538,28383,104540,104542],{"id":104539},"can-i-use-discard-with-lists-or-dictionaries",[18,104541,102930],{}," with lists or dictionaries?",[14,104544,46432,104545,104547],{},[18,104546,102930],{}," is a set method, so it works on set objects.",[41,104549,2193],{"id":2192},[240,104551,104552,104558,104564,104569,104573],{},[243,104553,104554],{},[294,104555,96890,104556,10780],{"href":98285},[18,104557,55599],{},[243,104559,104560],{},[294,104561,96890,104562,10780],{"href":98290},[18,104563,12807],{},[243,104565,104566],{},[294,104567,104568],{"href":97959},"Python set: creating a set",[243,104570,104571],{},[294,104572,100425],{"href":98867},[243,104574,104575],{},[294,104576,11303],{"href":11114},[2226,104578,104579],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":104581},[104582,104583,104585,104588,104593,104594,104595,104596,104598,104607,104608,104617],{"id":2307,"depth":82,"text":2308},{"id":103107,"depth":82,"text":104584},"What set.discard() does",{"id":2459,"depth":82,"text":2460,"children":104586},[104587],{"id":103180,"depth":98,"text":103181},{"id":103260,"depth":82,"text":104589,"children":104590},"What makes discard() different",[104591],{"id":103299,"depth":98,"text":104592},"discard() vs remove()",{"id":103452,"depth":82,"text":103453},{"id":11516,"depth":82,"text":11517},{"id":103823,"depth":82,"text":103824},{"id":104016,"depth":82,"text":104597},"When to use discard()",{"id":1585,"depth":82,"text":1586,"children":104599},[104600,104602,104604,104606],{"id":104045,"depth":98,"text":104601},"Expecting discard() to return the changed set",{"id":104175,"depth":98,"text":104603},"Confusing discard() with remove()",{"id":104263,"depth":98,"text":104605},"Trying to use discard() on a list instead of a set",{"id":104368,"depth":98,"text":104369},{"id":2025,"depth":82,"text":2026},{"id":2138,"depth":82,"text":2139,"children":104609},[104610,104611,104613,104615],{"id":104501,"depth":98,"text":104502},{"id":104511,"depth":98,"text":104612},"What does set.discard() return?",{"id":104521,"depth":98,"text":104614},"What is the difference between discard() and remove()?",{"id":104539,"depth":98,"text":104616},"Can I use discard() with lists or dictionaries?",{"id":2192,"depth":82,"text":2193},"Master python set discard method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method",{"title":102922,"description":104618},"reference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method","-9zfcGzLEa24aaupYhVun2XniU742IAOkMaj9_B4X44",{"id":104625,"title":104626,"body":104627,"description":106633,"extension":2267,"meta":106634,"navigation":1121,"path":106635,"seo":106636,"stem":106637,"__hash__":106638},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained.md","Python set() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":104628,"toc":106591},[104629,104632,104640,104645,104656,104658,104713,104717,104737,104742,104746,104751,104753,104767,104769,104844,104846,104879,104884,104889,104891,104893,104908,104911,104919,104924,104939,104941,105030,105032,105121,105127,105131,105133,105171,105173,105197,105200,105215,105217,105272,105274,105307,105309,105314,105318,105322,105327,105392,105394,105414,105420,105424,105481,105483,105504,105508,105513,105558,105560,105593,105596,105600,105633,105635,105664,105668,105672,105675,105677,105696,105698,105744,105749,105763,105765,105796,105801,105804,105848,105850,105878,105882,105886,105902,105905,105970,105972,105984,105987,105991,105994,105999,106027,106029,106047,106053,106092,106094,106112,106118,106147,106149,106167,106170,106187,106189,106194,106198,106201,106227,106234,106239,106254,106263,106267,106270,106301,106307,106310,106319,106322,106324,106326,106384,106387,106412,106414,106418,106421,106425,106433,106437,106440,106444,106447,106449,106472,106474,106515,106522,106530,106533,106564,106566,106588],[10,104630,104626],{"id":104631},"python-set-function-explained",[14,104633,9159,104634,104636,104637,29],{},[18,104635,476],{}," function creates a set in Python. A set is a collection that stores ",[435,104638,104639],{},"unique values only",[14,104641,35465,104642,104644],{},[18,104643,476],{}," to:",[240,104646,104647,104650,104653],{},[243,104648,104649],{},"remove duplicates from a list",[243,104651,104652],{},"check whether a value exists",[243,104654,104655],{},"work with set operations like union and intersection",[41,104657,2308],{"id":2307},[46,104659,104661],{"className":48,"code":104660,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nunique_numbers = set(numbers)\nprint(unique_numbers)\n",[18,104662,104663,104687,104702],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,104664,104665,104667,104669,104671,104673,104675,104677,104679,104681,104683,104685],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,104666,1168],{"class":902},[55,104668,906],{"class":703},[55,104670,909],{"class":65},[55,104672,93],{"class":75},[55,104674,163],{"class":65},[55,104676,166],{"class":75},[55,104678,163],{"class":65},[55,104680,166],{"class":75},[55,104682,163],{"class":65},[55,104684,171],{"class":75},[55,104686,924],{"class":65},[55,104688,104689,104692,104694,104696,104698,104700],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,104690,104691],{"class":902},"unique_numbers ",[55,104693,906],{"class":703},[55,104695,15681],{"class":69},[55,104697,66],{"class":65},[55,104699,332],{"class":318},[55,104701,322],{"class":65},[55,104703,104704,104706,104708,104711],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,104705,62],{"class":61},[55,104707,66],{"class":65},[55,104709,104710],{"class":318},"unique_numbers",[55,104712,322],{"class":65},[14,104714,104715],{},[435,104716,281],{},[46,104718,104719],{"className":48,"code":96683,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,104720,104721],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,104722,104723,104725,104727,104729,104731,104733,104735],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,104724,9315],{"class":65},[55,104726,93],{"class":75},[55,104728,163],{"class":65},[55,104730,166],{"class":75},[55,104732,163],{"class":65},[55,104734,171],{"class":75},[55,104736,9346],{"class":65},[14,104738,212,104739,104741],{},[18,104740,476],{}," to create a set from an iterable. A set keeps only unique values.",[41,104743,104745],{"id":104744},"what-set-does","What set() does",[14,104747,104748,104750],{},[18,104749,476],{}," creates a new set object.",[14,104752,30596],{},[240,104754,104755,104758,104761,104764],{},[243,104756,104757],{},"A set stores unique items only",[243,104759,104760],{},"Duplicate values are removed automatically",[243,104762,104763],{},"Sets are unordered, so item order is not guaranteed",[243,104765,104766],{},"A very common use is removing duplicates from a list or another iterable",[14,104768,358],{},[46,104770,104772],{"className":48,"code":104771,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\nunique_colors = set(colors)\n\nprint(unique_colors)\n",[18,104773,104774,104814,104829,104833],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,104775,104776,104778,104780,104782,104784,104786,104788,104790,104792,104794,104796,104798,104800,104802,104804,104806,104808,104810,104812],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,104777,13121],{"class":902},[55,104779,906],{"class":703},[55,104781,909],{"class":65},[55,104783,126],{"class":109},[55,104785,13138],{"class":129},[55,104787,126],{"class":109},[55,104789,163],{"class":65},[55,104791,793],{"class":109},[55,104793,13155],{"class":129},[55,104795,126],{"class":109},[55,104797,163],{"class":65},[55,104799,793],{"class":109},[55,104801,13138],{"class":129},[55,104803,126],{"class":109},[55,104805,163],{"class":65},[55,104807,793],{"class":109},[55,104809,17505],{"class":129},[55,104811,126],{"class":109},[55,104813,924],{"class":65},[55,104815,104816,104819,104821,104823,104825,104827],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,104817,104818],{"class":902},"unique_colors ",[55,104820,906],{"class":703},[55,104822,15681],{"class":69},[55,104824,66],{"class":65},[55,104826,17552],{"class":318},[55,104828,322],{"class":65},[55,104830,104831],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,104832,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,104834,104835,104837,104839,104842],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,104836,62],{"class":61},[55,104838,66],{"class":65},[55,104840,104841],{"class":318},"unique_colors",[55,104843,322],{"class":65},[14,104845,30085],{},[46,104847,104849],{"className":48,"code":104848,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'blue', 'green', 'red'}\n",[18,104850,104851],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,104852,104853,104855,104857,104859,104861,104863,104865,104867,104869,104871,104873,104875,104877],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,104854,9315],{"class":65},[55,104856,1923],{"class":109},[55,104858,13155],{"class":129},[55,104860,1923],{"class":109},[55,104862,163],{"class":65},[55,104864,1918],{"class":109},[55,104866,17505],{"class":129},[55,104868,1923],{"class":109},[55,104870,163],{"class":65},[55,104872,1918],{"class":109},[55,104874,13138],{"class":129},[55,104876,1923],{"class":109},[55,104878,9346],{"class":65},[14,104880,2591,104881,104883],{},[18,104882,65465],{}," appears only once.",[14,104885,104886,104887,29],{},"If you want a broader beginner introduction to sets, see ",[294,104888,96404],{"href":96403},[41,104890,2460],{"id":2459},[14,104892,2463],{},[46,104894,104896],{"className":48,"code":104895,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"set(iterable)\n",[18,104897,104898],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,104899,104900,104902,104904,104906],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,104901,576],{"class":69},[55,104903,66],{"class":65},[55,104905,4014],{"class":318},[55,104907,322],{"class":65},[14,104909,104910],{},"The argument is optional.",[240,104912,104913,104916],{},[243,104914,104915],{},"If you pass an iterable, Python creates a set from its items",[243,104917,104918],{},"If you pass nothing, Python creates an empty set",[14,104920,104921,104922,790],{},"Common iterables you can use with ",[18,104923,476],{},[240,104925,104926,104928,104930,104932,104936],{},[243,104927,1229],{},[243,104929,49021],{},[243,104931,61246],{},[243,104933,104934],{},[18,104935,36259],{},[243,104937,104938],{},"another set",[14,104940,2428],{},[46,104942,104944],{"className":48,"code":104943,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(set([1, 2, 2, 3]))\nprint(set((10, 20, 10)))\nprint(set(\"hello\"))\nprint(set(range(4)))\n",[18,104945,104946,104972,104994,105012],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,104947,104948,104950,104952,104954,104956,104958,104960,104962,104964,104966,104968,104970],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,104949,62],{"class":61},[55,104951,66],{"class":65},[55,104953,576],{"class":69},[55,104955,158],{"class":65},[55,104957,93],{"class":75},[55,104959,163],{"class":65},[55,104961,166],{"class":75},[55,104963,163],{"class":65},[55,104965,166],{"class":75},[55,104967,163],{"class":65},[55,104969,171],{"class":75},[55,104971,174],{"class":65},[55,104973,104974,104976,104978,104980,104982,104984,104986,104988,104990,104992],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,104975,62],{"class":61},[55,104977,66],{"class":65},[55,104979,576],{"class":69},[55,104981,760],{"class":65},[55,104983,376],{"class":75},[55,104985,163],{"class":65},[55,104987,916],{"class":75},[55,104989,163],{"class":65},[55,104991,6283],{"class":75},[55,104993,769],{"class":65},[55,104995,104996,104998,105000,105002,105004,105006,105008,105010],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,104997,62],{"class":61},[55,104999,66],{"class":65},[55,105001,576],{"class":69},[55,105003,66],{"class":65},[55,105005,126],{"class":109},[55,105007,130],{"class":129},[55,105009,126],{"class":109},[55,105011,79],{"class":65},[55,105013,105014,105016,105018,105020,105022,105024,105026,105028],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,105015,62],{"class":61},[55,105017,66],{"class":65},[55,105019,576],{"class":69},[55,105021,66],{"class":65},[55,105023,60070],{"class":61},[55,105025,66],{"class":65},[55,105027,2807],{"class":75},[55,105029,769],{"class":65},[14,105031,30085],{},[46,105033,105035],{"className":48,"code":105034,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{1, 2, 3}\n{10, 20}\n{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n{0, 1, 2, 3}\n",[18,105036,105037,105053,105065,105101],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,105038,105039,105041,105043,105045,105047,105049,105051],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,105040,9315],{"class":65},[55,105042,93],{"class":75},[55,105044,163],{"class":65},[55,105046,166],{"class":75},[55,105048,163],{"class":65},[55,105050,171],{"class":75},[55,105052,9346],{"class":65},[55,105054,105055,105057,105059,105061,105063],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,105056,9315],{"class":65},[55,105058,376],{"class":75},[55,105060,163],{"class":65},[55,105062,916],{"class":75},[55,105064,9346],{"class":65},[55,105066,105067,105069,105071,105073,105075,105077,105079,105081,105083,105085,105087,105089,105091,105093,105095,105097,105099],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,105068,9315],{"class":65},[55,105070,1923],{"class":109},[55,105072,60510],{"class":129},[55,105074,1923],{"class":109},[55,105076,163],{"class":65},[55,105078,1918],{"class":109},[55,105080,60519],{"class":129},[55,105082,1923],{"class":109},[55,105084,163],{"class":65},[55,105086,1918],{"class":109},[55,105088,60528],{"class":129},[55,105090,1923],{"class":109},[55,105092,163],{"class":65},[55,105094,1918],{"class":109},[55,105096,60545],{"class":129},[55,105098,1923],{"class":109},[55,105100,9346],{"class":65},[55,105102,105103,105105,105107,105109,105111,105113,105115,105117,105119],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,105104,9315],{"class":65},[55,105106,76],{"class":75},[55,105108,163],{"class":65},[55,105110,5782],{"class":75},[55,105112,163],{"class":65},[55,105114,166],{"class":75},[55,105116,163],{"class":65},[55,105118,171],{"class":75},[55,105120,9346],{"class":65},[14,105122,105123,105124,29],{},"If you are comparing built-in constructors, you may also want to read ",[294,105125,105126],{"href":64920},"Python list() function explained",[41,105128,105130],{"id":105129},"creating-an-empty-set-correctly","Creating an empty set correctly",[14,105132,98356],{},[46,105134,105135],{"className":48,"code":99321,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,105136,105137,105147,105157],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,105138,105139,105141,105143,105145],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,105140,98366],{"class":902},[55,105142,906],{"class":703},[55,105144,15681],{"class":69},[55,105146,1789],{"class":65},[55,105148,105149,105151,105153,105155],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,105150,62],{"class":61},[55,105152,66],{"class":65},[55,105154,98385],{"class":318},[55,105156,322],{"class":65},[55,105158,105159,105161,105163,105165,105167,105169],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,105160,62],{"class":61},[55,105162,66],{"class":65},[55,105164,1879],{"class":69},[55,105166,66],{"class":65},[55,105168,98385],{"class":318},[55,105170,79],{"class":65},[14,105172,281],{},[46,105174,105175],{"className":48,"code":99364,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,105176,105177,105183],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,105178,105179,105181],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,105180,576],{"class":69},[55,105182,1789],{"class":65},[55,105184,105185,105187,105189,105191,105193,105195],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,105186,1911],{"class":703},[55,105188,1915],{"class":1914},[55,105190,1918],{"class":109},[55,105192,576],{"class":129},[55,105194,1923],{"class":109},[55,105196,1926],{"class":703},[14,105198,105199],{},"This is important because:",[240,105201,105202,105207],{},[243,105203,105204,105206],{},[18,105205,476],{}," creates an empty set",[243,105208,105209,105211,105212,105214],{},[18,105210,471],{}," creates an empty dictionary, ",[435,105213,4916],{}," a set",[14,105216,358],{},[46,105218,105220],{"className":48,"code":105219,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = set()\nb = {}\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\n",[18,105221,105222,105232,105240,105244,105258],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,105223,105224,105226,105228,105230],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,105225,2857],{"class":902},[55,105227,906],{"class":703},[55,105229,15681],{"class":69},[55,105231,1789],{"class":65},[55,105233,105234,105236,105238],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,105235,2885],{"class":902},[55,105237,906],{"class":703},[55,105239,9876],{"class":65},[55,105241,105242],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,105243,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,105245,105246,105248,105250,105252,105254,105256],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,105247,62],{"class":61},[55,105249,66],{"class":65},[55,105251,1879],{"class":69},[55,105253,66],{"class":65},[55,105255,294],{"class":318},[55,105257,79],{"class":65},[55,105259,105260,105262,105264,105266,105268,105270],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,105261,62],{"class":61},[55,105263,66],{"class":65},[55,105265,1879],{"class":69},[55,105267,66],{"class":65},[55,105269,5046],{"class":318},[55,105271,79],{"class":65},[14,105273,281],{},[46,105275,105277],{"className":48,"code":105276,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[18,105278,105279,105293],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,105280,105281,105283,105285,105287,105289,105291],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,105282,1911],{"class":703},[55,105284,1915],{"class":1914},[55,105286,1918],{"class":109},[55,105288,576],{"class":129},[55,105290,1923],{"class":109},[55,105292,1926],{"class":703},[55,105294,105295,105297,105299,105301,105303,105305],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,105296,1911],{"class":703},[55,105298,1915],{"class":1914},[55,105300,1918],{"class":109},[55,105302,1975],{"class":129},[55,105304,1923],{"class":109},[55,105306,1926],{"class":703},[14,105308,14095],{},[14,105310,105311,105312,29],{},"For more on creating sets, see ",[294,105313,104568],{"href":96407},[41,105315,105317],{"id":105316},"using-set-with-common-iterables","Using set() with common iterables",[889,105319,105321],{"id":105320},"from-a-list","From a list",[14,105323,105324,105325,29],{},"This is one of the most common uses of ",[18,105326,476],{},[46,105328,105330],{"className":48,"code":105329,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3]\nresult = set(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,105331,105332,105364,105378,105382],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,105333,105334,105336,105338,105340,105342,105344,105346,105348,105350,105352,105354,105356,105358,105360,105362],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,105335,1168],{"class":902},[55,105337,906],{"class":703},[55,105339,909],{"class":65},[55,105341,93],{"class":75},[55,105343,163],{"class":65},[55,105345,166],{"class":75},[55,105347,163],{"class":65},[55,105349,166],{"class":75},[55,105351,163],{"class":65},[55,105353,171],{"class":75},[55,105355,163],{"class":65},[55,105357,171],{"class":75},[55,105359,163],{"class":65},[55,105361,171],{"class":75},[55,105363,924],{"class":65},[55,105365,105366,105368,105370,105372,105374,105376],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,105367,2534],{"class":902},[55,105369,906],{"class":703},[55,105371,15681],{"class":69},[55,105373,66],{"class":65},[55,105375,332],{"class":318},[55,105377,322],{"class":65},[55,105379,105380],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,105381,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,105383,105384,105386,105388,105390],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,105385,62],{"class":61},[55,105387,66],{"class":65},[55,105389,2569],{"class":318},[55,105391,322],{"class":65},[14,105393,281],{},[46,105395,105396],{"className":48,"code":96683,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,105397,105398],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,105399,105400,105402,105404,105406,105408,105410,105412],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,105401,9315],{"class":65},[55,105403,93],{"class":75},[55,105405,163],{"class":65},[55,105407,166],{"class":75},[55,105409,163],{"class":65},[55,105411,171],{"class":75},[55,105413,9346],{"class":65},[14,105415,105416,105417,29],{},"This is useful when you need unique values. For a task-focused example, see ",[294,105418,99154],{"href":105419},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python",[889,105421,105423],{"id":105422},"from-a-tuple","From a tuple",[46,105425,105427],{"className":48,"code":105426,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = (5, 5, 10, 15)\nresult = set(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,105428,105429,105453,105467,105471],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,105430,105431,105433,105435,105437,105439,105441,105443,105445,105447,105449,105451],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,105432,4110],{"class":902},[55,105434,906],{"class":703},[55,105436,9273],{"class":65},[55,105438,688],{"class":75},[55,105440,163],{"class":65},[55,105442,4890],{"class":75},[55,105444,163],{"class":65},[55,105446,6283],{"class":75},[55,105448,163],{"class":65},[55,105450,37999],{"class":75},[55,105452,322],{"class":65},[55,105454,105455,105457,105459,105461,105463,105465],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,105456,2534],{"class":902},[55,105458,906],{"class":703},[55,105460,15681],{"class":69},[55,105462,66],{"class":65},[55,105464,5642],{"class":318},[55,105466,322],{"class":65},[55,105468,105469],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,105470,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,105472,105473,105475,105477,105479],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,105474,62],{"class":61},[55,105476,66],{"class":65},[55,105478,2569],{"class":318},[55,105480,322],{"class":65},[14,105482,281],{},[46,105484,105486],{"className":48,"code":105485,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{5, 10, 15}\n",[18,105487,105488],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,105489,105490,105492,105494,105496,105498,105500,105502],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,105491,9315],{"class":65},[55,105493,688],{"class":75},[55,105495,163],{"class":65},[55,105497,6283],{"class":75},[55,105499,163],{"class":65},[55,105501,37999],{"class":75},[55,105503,9346],{"class":65},[889,105505,105507],{"id":105506},"from-a-string","From a string",[14,105509,51196,105510,105512],{},[18,105511,476],{}," on a string, Python treats the string as an iterable of characters.",[46,105514,105516],{"className":48,"code":105515,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = set(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,105517,105518,105530,105544,105548],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,105519,105520,105522,105524,105526,105528],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,105521,34746],{"class":902},[55,105523,906],{"class":703},[55,105525,793],{"class":109},[55,105527,4373],{"class":129},[55,105529,1052],{"class":109},[55,105531,105532,105534,105536,105538,105540,105542],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,105533,2534],{"class":902},[55,105535,906],{"class":703},[55,105537,15681],{"class":69},[55,105539,66],{"class":65},[55,105541,34767],{"class":318},[55,105543,322],{"class":65},[55,105545,105546],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,105547,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,105549,105550,105552,105554,105556],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,105551,62],{"class":61},[55,105553,66],{"class":65},[55,105555,2569],{"class":318},[55,105557,322],{"class":65},[14,105559,30085],{},[46,105561,105563],{"className":48,"code":105562,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'b', 'a', 'n'}\n",[18,105564,105565],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,105566,105567,105569,105571,105573,105575,105577,105579,105581,105583,105585,105587,105589,105591],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,105568,9315],{"class":65},[55,105570,1923],{"class":109},[55,105572,5046],{"class":129},[55,105574,1923],{"class":109},[55,105576,163],{"class":65},[55,105578,1918],{"class":109},[55,105580,294],{"class":129},[55,105582,1923],{"class":109},[55,105584,163],{"class":65},[55,105586,1918],{"class":109},[55,105588,76103],{"class":129},[55,105590,1923],{"class":109},[55,105592,9346],{"class":65},[14,105594,105595],{},"The result contains unique characters only.",[889,105597,105599],{"id":105598},"from-range","From range()",[46,105601,105603],{"className":48,"code":105602,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"result = set(range(5))\nprint(result)\n",[18,105604,105605,105623],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,105606,105607,105609,105611,105613,105615,105617,105619,105621],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,105608,2534],{"class":902},[55,105610,906],{"class":703},[55,105612,15681],{"class":69},[55,105614,66],{"class":65},[55,105616,60070],{"class":61},[55,105618,66],{"class":65},[55,105620,688],{"class":75},[55,105622,79],{"class":65},[55,105624,105625,105627,105629,105631],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,105626,62],{"class":61},[55,105628,66],{"class":65},[55,105630,2569],{"class":318},[55,105632,322],{"class":65},[14,105634,281],{},[46,105636,105638],{"className":48,"code":105637,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{0, 1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[18,105639,105640],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,105641,105642,105644,105646,105648,105650,105652,105654,105656,105658,105660,105662],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,105643,9315],{"class":65},[55,105645,76],{"class":75},[55,105647,163],{"class":65},[55,105649,5782],{"class":75},[55,105651,163],{"class":65},[55,105653,166],{"class":75},[55,105655,163],{"class":65},[55,105657,171],{"class":75},[55,105659,163],{"class":65},[55,105661,2759],{"class":75},[55,105663,9346],{"class":65},[41,105665,105667],{"id":105666},"what-kinds-of-values-a-set-can-contain","What kinds of values a set can contain",[14,105669,99601,105670,29],{},[435,105671,96447],{},[14,105673,105674],{},"In simple terms, this means the value must be a type Python can safely use inside a set.",[14,105676,99607],{},[240,105678,105679,105683,105687,105691],{},[243,105680,105681],{},[18,105682,2492],{},[243,105684,105685],{},[18,105686,3738],{},[243,105688,105689],{},[18,105690,2496],{},[243,105692,105693,105695],{},[18,105694,49021],{}," (if its contents are also hashable)",[14,105697,358],{},[46,105699,105701],{"className":48,"code":105700,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = {1, \"hello\", (10, 20)}\nprint(items)\n",[18,105702,105703,105734],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,105704,105705,105707,105709,105711,105713,105715,105717,105719,105721,105723,105725,105727,105729,105731],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,105706,903],{"class":902},[55,105708,906],{"class":703},[55,105710,10529],{"class":65},[55,105712,93],{"class":75},[55,105714,163],{"class":65},[55,105716,793],{"class":109},[55,105718,130],{"class":129},[55,105720,126],{"class":109},[55,105722,163],{"class":65},[55,105724,9273],{"class":65},[55,105726,376],{"class":75},[55,105728,163],{"class":65},[55,105730,916],{"class":75},[55,105732,105733],{"class":65},")}\n",[55,105735,105736,105738,105740,105742],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,105737,62],{"class":61},[55,105739,66],{"class":65},[55,105741,937],{"class":318},[55,105743,322],{"class":65},[14,105745,99669,105746,105748],{},[435,105747,4916],{}," work inside a set:",[240,105750,105751,105755,105759],{},[243,105752,105753],{},[18,105754,1229],{},[243,105756,105757],{},[18,105758,1975],{},[243,105760,105761],{},[18,105762,576],{},[14,105764,97172],{},[46,105766,105768],{"className":48,"code":105767,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"bad_set = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[18,105769,105770],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,105771,105772,105774,105776,105778,105780,105782,105784,105786,105788,105790,105792,105794],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,105773,99688],{"class":902},[55,105775,906],{"class":703},[55,105777,99693],{"class":65},[55,105779,93],{"class":75},[55,105781,163],{"class":65},[55,105783,166],{"class":75},[55,105785,18112],{"class":65},[55,105787,909],{"class":65},[55,105789,2366],{"class":75},[55,105791,163],{"class":65},[55,105793,2759],{"class":75},[55,105795,13752],{"class":65},[14,105797,76931,105798,105800],{},[18,105799,3303],{}," because lists are mutable and cannot be added to a set.",[14,105802,105803],{},"A safer example:",[46,105805,105807],{"className":48,"code":105806,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"good_set = {(1, 2), (3, 4)}\nprint(good_set)\n",[18,105808,105809,105837],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,105810,105811,105814,105816,105819,105821,105823,105825,105827,105829,105831,105833,105835],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,105812,105813],{"class":902},"good_set ",[55,105815,906],{"class":703},[55,105817,105818],{"class":65}," {(",[55,105820,93],{"class":75},[55,105822,163],{"class":65},[55,105824,166],{"class":75},[55,105826,9270],{"class":65},[55,105828,9273],{"class":65},[55,105830,2366],{"class":75},[55,105832,163],{"class":65},[55,105834,2759],{"class":75},[55,105836,105733],{"class":65},[55,105838,105839,105841,105843,105846],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,105840,62],{"class":61},[55,105842,66],{"class":65},[55,105844,105845],{"class":318},"good_set",[55,105847,322],{"class":65},[14,105849,281],{},[46,105851,105853],{"className":48,"code":105852,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{(1, 2), (3, 4)}\n",[18,105854,105855],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,105856,105857,105860,105862,105864,105866,105868,105870,105872,105874,105876],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,105858,105859],{"class":65},"{(",[55,105861,93],{"class":75},[55,105863,163],{"class":65},[55,105865,166],{"class":75},[55,105867,9270],{"class":65},[55,105869,9273],{"class":65},[55,105871,2366],{"class":75},[55,105873,163],{"class":65},[55,105875,2759],{"class":75},[55,105877,105733],{"class":65},[41,105879,105881],{"id":105880},"when-to-use-set","When to use set()",[14,105883,212,105884,10640],{},[18,105885,476],{},[240,105887,105888,105891,105896,105899],{},[243,105889,105890],{},"you need unique values only",[243,105892,105893,105894],{},"you want fast membership checks with ",[18,105895,4168],{},[243,105897,105898],{},"order does not matter",[243,105900,105901],{},"you need set operations like union or intersection",[14,105903,105904],{},"Example of membership checking:",[46,105906,105908],{"className":48,"code":105907,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"allowed_ids = set([101, 102, 103])\n\nprint(102 in allowed_ids)\nprint(999 in allowed_ids)\n",[18,105909,105910,105935,105939,105955],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,105911,105912,105915,105917,105919,105921,105923,105925,105928,105930,105933],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,105913,105914],{"class":902},"allowed_ids ",[55,105916,906],{"class":703},[55,105918,15681],{"class":69},[55,105920,158],{"class":65},[55,105922,46659],{"class":75},[55,105924,163],{"class":65},[55,105926,105927],{"class":75}," 102",[55,105929,163],{"class":65},[55,105931,105932],{"class":75}," 103",[55,105934,4174],{"class":65},[55,105936,105937],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,105938,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,105940,105941,105943,105945,105948,105950,105953],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,105942,62],{"class":61},[55,105944,66],{"class":65},[55,105946,105947],{"class":75},"102",[55,105949,21225],{"class":1193},[55,105951,105952],{"class":318}," allowed_ids",[55,105954,322],{"class":65},[55,105956,105957,105959,105961,105964,105966,105968],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,105958,62],{"class":61},[55,105960,66],{"class":65},[55,105962,105963],{"class":75},"999",[55,105965,21225],{"class":1193},[55,105967,105952],{"class":318},[55,105969,322],{"class":65},[14,105971,281],{},[46,105973,105974],{"className":48,"code":44240,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,105975,105976,105980],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,105977,105978],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,105979,193],{"class":187},[55,105981,105982],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,105983,188],{"class":187},[14,105985,105986],{},"This is a common real-world use of sets.",[41,105988,105990],{"id":105989},"set-vs","set() vs {}",[14,105992,105993],{},"These forms are similar, but they do not mean the same thing.",[889,105995,212,105997,98298],{"id":105996},"use-set-for-an-empty-set",[18,105998,476],{},[46,106000,106001],{"className":48,"code":98359,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,106002,106003,106013],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,106004,106005,106007,106009,106011],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,106006,98366],{"class":902},[55,106008,906],{"class":703},[55,106010,15681],{"class":69},[55,106012,1789],{"class":65},[55,106014,106015,106017,106019,106021,106023,106025],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,106016,62],{"class":61},[55,106018,66],{"class":65},[55,106020,1879],{"class":69},[55,106022,66],{"class":65},[55,106024,98385],{"class":318},[55,106026,79],{"class":65},[14,106028,281],{},[46,106030,106031],{"className":48,"code":2006,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,106032,106033],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,106034,106035,106037,106039,106041,106043,106045],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,106036,1911],{"class":703},[55,106038,1915],{"class":1914},[55,106040,1918],{"class":109},[55,106042,576],{"class":129},[55,106044,1923],{"class":109},[55,106046,1926],{"class":703},[889,106048,212,106050,106052],{"id":106049},"use-1-2-3-for-a-non-empty-set-literal",[18,106051,100358],{}," for a non-empty set literal",[46,106054,106056],{"className":48,"code":106055,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(type(numbers))\n",[18,106057,106058,106078],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,106059,106060,106062,106064,106066,106068,106070,106072,106074,106076],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,106061,1168],{"class":902},[55,106063,906],{"class":703},[55,106065,10529],{"class":65},[55,106067,93],{"class":75},[55,106069,163],{"class":65},[55,106071,166],{"class":75},[55,106073,163],{"class":65},[55,106075,171],{"class":75},[55,106077,9346],{"class":65},[55,106079,106080,106082,106084,106086,106088,106090],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,106081,62],{"class":61},[55,106083,66],{"class":65},[55,106085,1879],{"class":69},[55,106087,66],{"class":65},[55,106089,332],{"class":318},[55,106091,79],{"class":65},[14,106093,281],{},[46,106095,106096],{"className":48,"code":2006,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,106097,106098],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,106099,106100,106102,106104,106106,106108,106110],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,106101,1911],{"class":703},[55,106103,1915],{"class":1914},[55,106105,1918],{"class":109},[55,106107,576],{"class":129},[55,106109,1923],{"class":109},[55,106111,1926],{"class":703},[889,106113,212,106115,106117],{"id":106114},"use-for-an-empty-dictionary",[18,106116,471],{}," for an empty dictionary",[46,106119,106121],{"className":48,"code":106120,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"empty_dict = {}\nprint(type(empty_dict))\n",[18,106122,106123,106132],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,106124,106125,106128,106130],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,106126,106127],{"class":902},"empty_dict ",[55,106129,906],{"class":703},[55,106131,9876],{"class":65},[55,106133,106134,106136,106138,106140,106142,106145],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,106135,62],{"class":61},[55,106137,66],{"class":65},[55,106139,1879],{"class":69},[55,106141,66],{"class":65},[55,106143,106144],{"class":318},"empty_dict",[55,106146,79],{"class":65},[14,106148,281],{},[46,106150,106151],{"className":48,"code":1962,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,106152,106153],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,106154,106155,106157,106159,106161,106163,106165],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,106156,1911],{"class":703},[55,106158,1915],{"class":1914},[55,106160,1918],{"class":109},[55,106162,1975],{"class":129},[55,106164,1923],{"class":109},[55,106166,1926],{"class":703},[14,106168,106169],{},"So the rule is simple:",[240,106171,106172,106177,106182],{},[243,106173,106174,106176],{},[18,106175,476],{}," → empty set",[243,106178,106179,106181],{},[18,106180,100358],{}," → non-empty set",[243,106183,106184,106186],{},[18,106185,471],{}," → empty dictionary",[41,106188,1586],{"id":1585},[14,106190,106191,106192,29],{},"These are common problems beginners run into with ",[18,106193,476],{},[889,106195,1556,106196,99956],{"id":99953},[18,106197,471],{},[14,106199,106200],{},"This creates a dictionary, not a set:",[46,106202,106203],{"className":48,"code":99962,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,106204,106205,106213],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,106206,106207,106209,106211],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,106208,1654],{"class":902},[55,106210,906],{"class":703},[55,106212,9876],{"class":65},[55,106214,106215,106217,106219,106221,106223,106225],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,106216,62],{"class":61},[55,106218,66],{"class":65},[55,106220,1879],{"class":69},[55,106222,66],{"class":65},[55,106224,319],{"class":318},[55,106226,79],{"class":65},[889,106228,106230,106231],{"id":106229},"passing-a-non-iterable-value-like-set5","Passing a non-iterable value like ",[18,106232,106233],{},"set(5)",[14,106235,106236,106238],{},[18,106237,476],{}," expects one iterable argument. An integer is not iterable.",[46,106240,106242],{"className":48,"code":106241,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"set(5)\n",[18,106243,106244],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,106245,106246,106248,106250,106252],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,106247,576],{"class":69},[55,106249,66],{"class":65},[55,106251,688],{"class":75},[55,106253,322],{"class":65},[14,106255,3300,106256,106258,106259,29],{},[18,106257,3303],{},". If you are seeing a related message, see ",[294,106260,106262],{"href":106261},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix","TypeError: int object is not iterable fix",[889,106264,106266],{"id":106265},"trying-to-put-lists-or-dictionaries-inside-a-set","Trying to put lists or dictionaries inside a set",[14,106268,106269],{},"This does not work because lists and dictionaries are unhashable.",[46,106271,106273],{"className":48,"code":106272,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[18,106274,106275],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,106276,106277,106279,106281,106283,106285,106287,106289,106291,106293,106295,106297,106299],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,106278,1654],{"class":902},[55,106280,906],{"class":703},[55,106282,99693],{"class":65},[55,106284,93],{"class":75},[55,106286,163],{"class":65},[55,106288,166],{"class":75},[55,106290,18112],{"class":65},[55,106292,909],{"class":65},[55,106294,2366],{"class":75},[55,106296,163],{"class":65},[55,106298,2759],{"class":75},[55,106300,13752],{"class":65},[889,106302,1595,106304,106306],{"id":106303},"expecting-set-to-keep-the-original-order",[18,106305,476],{}," to keep the original order",[14,106308,106309],{},"Sets are unordered. If you print a set, the items may not appear in the same order as the original iterable.",[889,106311,37266,106313,1851,106315,25,106317],{"id":106312},"confusing-set-with-list-or-dict",[18,106314,476],{},[18,106316,24834],{},[18,106318,9156],{},[14,106320,106321],{},"These built-in functions create different types of objects. Choose the one that matches your goal.",[41,106323,60782],{"id":60781},[14,106325,11153],{},[46,106327,106329],{"className":48,"code":106328,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(type(my_value))\nprint(my_value)\nprint(list(my_set))\nprint(len(my_set))\n",[18,106330,106331,106346,106356,106370],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,106332,106333,106335,106337,106339,106341,106344],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,106334,62],{"class":61},[55,106336,66],{"class":65},[55,106338,1879],{"class":69},[55,106340,66],{"class":65},[55,106342,106343],{"class":318},"my_value",[55,106345,79],{"class":65},[55,106347,106348,106350,106352,106354],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,106349,62],{"class":61},[55,106351,66],{"class":65},[55,106353,106343],{"class":318},[55,106355,322],{"class":65},[55,106357,106358,106360,106362,106364,106366,106368],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,106359,62],{"class":61},[55,106361,66],{"class":65},[55,106363,1229],{"class":69},[55,106365,66],{"class":65},[55,106367,15714],{"class":318},[55,106369,79],{"class":65},[55,106371,106372,106374,106376,106378,106380,106382],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,106373,62],{"class":61},[55,106375,66],{"class":65},[55,106377,11202],{"class":61},[55,106379,66],{"class":65},[55,106381,15714],{"class":318},[55,106383,79],{"class":65},[14,106385,106386],{},"What they help you see:",[240,106388,106389,106395,106400,106406],{},[243,106390,106391,106394],{},[18,106392,106393],{},"print(type(my_value))"," checks the actual type",[243,106396,106397,90622],{},[18,106398,106399],{},"print(my_value)",[243,106401,106402,106405],{},[18,106403,106404],{},"print(list(my_set))"," converts the set to a list so it is easier to inspect",[243,106407,106408,106411],{},[18,106409,106410],{},"print(len(my_set))"," shows how many unique items are in the set",[41,106413,2139],{"id":2138},[889,106415,106417],{"id":106416},"does-set-remove-duplicates","Does set() remove duplicates?",[14,106419,106420],{},"Yes. Duplicate values are automatically removed when the set is created.",[889,106422,106424],{"id":106423},"how-do-i-make-an-empty-set-in-python","How do I make an empty set in Python?",[14,106426,212,106427,106429,106430,106432],{},[18,106428,476],{},". Do not use ",[18,106431,471],{},", because that creates an empty dictionary.",[889,106434,106436],{"id":106435},"does-set-keep-the-original-order","Does set() keep the original order?",[14,106438,106439],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item order.",[889,106441,106443],{"id":106442},"can-i-use-set-on-a-string","Can I use set() on a string?",[14,106445,106446],{},"Yes. It creates a set of unique characters from the string.",[14,106448,358],{},[46,106450,106452],{"className":48,"code":106451,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(set(\"apple\"))\n",[18,106453,106454],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,106455,106456,106458,106460,106462,106464,106466,106468,106470],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,106457,62],{"class":61},[55,106459,66],{"class":65},[55,106461,576],{"class":69},[55,106463,66],{"class":65},[55,106465,126],{"class":109},[55,106467,4364],{"class":129},[55,106469,126],{"class":109},[55,106471,79],{"class":65},[14,106473,30085],{},[46,106475,106477],{"className":48,"code":106476,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'a', 'p', 'l', 'e'}\n",[18,106478,106479],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,106480,106481,106483,106485,106487,106489,106491,106493,106495,106497,106499,106501,106503,106505,106507,106509,106511,106513],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,106482,9315],{"class":65},[55,106484,1923],{"class":109},[55,106486,294],{"class":129},[55,106488,1923],{"class":109},[55,106490,163],{"class":65},[55,106492,1918],{"class":109},[55,106494,14],{"class":129},[55,106496,1923],{"class":109},[55,106498,163],{"class":65},[55,106500,1918],{"class":109},[55,106502,60528],{"class":129},[55,106504,1923],{"class":109},[55,106506,163],{"class":65},[55,106508,1918],{"class":109},[55,106510,60519],{"class":129},[55,106512,1923],{"class":109},[55,106514,9346],{"class":65},[889,106516,5444,106518,106521],{"id":106517},"why-does-set1-2-3-4-not-work",[18,106519,106520],{},"set([1, 2], [3, 4])"," not work?",[14,106523,106524,28740,106526,106529],{},[18,106525,476],{},[435,106527,106528],{},"one optional iterable argument",", not multiple positional values.",[14,106531,106532],{},"If you want all those values in one set, combine them into a single iterable first:",[46,106534,106536],{"className":48,"code":106535,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(set([1, 2, 3, 4]))\n",[18,106537,106538],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,106539,106540,106542,106544,106546,106548,106550,106552,106554,106556,106558,106560,106562],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,106541,62],{"class":61},[55,106543,66],{"class":65},[55,106545,576],{"class":69},[55,106547,158],{"class":65},[55,106549,93],{"class":75},[55,106551,163],{"class":65},[55,106553,166],{"class":75},[55,106555,163],{"class":65},[55,106557,171],{"class":75},[55,106559,163],{"class":65},[55,106561,2759],{"class":75},[55,106563,174],{"class":65},[41,106565,2193],{"id":2192},[240,106567,106568,106572,106576,106580,106584],{},[243,106569,106570],{},[294,106571,96404],{"href":96403},[243,106573,106574],{},[294,106575,104568],{"href":96407},[243,106577,106578],{},[294,106579,100420],{"href":105419},[243,106581,106582],{},[294,106583,105126],{"href":64920},[243,106585,106586],{},[294,106587,106262],{"href":106261},[2226,106589,106590],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":106592},[106593,106594,106595,106596,106597,106603,106604,106605,106613,106623,106624,106632],{"id":2307,"depth":82,"text":2308},{"id":104744,"depth":82,"text":104745},{"id":2459,"depth":82,"text":2460},{"id":105129,"depth":82,"text":105130},{"id":105316,"depth":82,"text":105317,"children":106598},[106599,106600,106601,106602],{"id":105320,"depth":98,"text":105321},{"id":105422,"depth":98,"text":105423},{"id":105506,"depth":98,"text":105507},{"id":105598,"depth":98,"text":105599},{"id":105666,"depth":82,"text":105667},{"id":105880,"depth":82,"text":105881},{"id":105989,"depth":82,"text":105990,"children":106606},[106607,106609,106611],{"id":105996,"depth":98,"text":106608},"Use set() for an empty set",{"id":106049,"depth":98,"text":106610},"Use {1, 2, 3} for a non-empty set literal",{"id":106114,"depth":98,"text":106612},"Use {} for an empty dictionary",{"id":1585,"depth":82,"text":1586,"children":106614},[106615,106616,106618,106619,106621],{"id":99953,"depth":98,"text":100461},{"id":106229,"depth":98,"text":106617},"Passing a non-iterable value like set(5)",{"id":106265,"depth":98,"text":106266},{"id":106303,"depth":98,"text":106620},"Expecting set() to keep the original order",{"id":106312,"depth":98,"text":106622},"Confusing set() with list() or dict()",{"id":60781,"depth":82,"text":60782},{"id":2138,"depth":82,"text":2139,"children":106625},[106626,106627,106628,106629,106630],{"id":106416,"depth":98,"text":106417},{"id":106423,"depth":98,"text":106424},{"id":106435,"depth":98,"text":106436},{"id":106442,"depth":98,"text":106443},{"id":106517,"depth":98,"text":106631},"Why does set([1, 2], [3, 4]) not work?",{"id":2192,"depth":82,"text":2193},"Master python set function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained",{"title":104626,"description":106633},"reference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained","wzopeLgTwc6XjSZRTDiO0MhJY1lIjTWxNHu52c5tL8Y",{"id":106640,"title":106641,"body":106642,"description":108157,"extension":2267,"meta":108158,"navigation":1121,"path":108159,"seo":108160,"stem":108161,"__hash__":108162},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method.md","Python Set intersection() Method",{"type":7,"value":106643,"toc":108133},[106644,106650,106655,106658,106741,106746,106751,106756,106758,106771,106775,106777,106796,106799,106822,106825,106836,106838,106919,106921,106938,106940,106946,106949,107044,107046,107077,107079,107087,107089,107092,107203,107205,107230,107232,107254,107259,107264,107270,107379,107381,107397,107400,107403,107486,107488,107505,107513,107515,107519,107525,107616,107618,107651,107656,107663,107740,107742,107759,107765,107767,107771,107787,107790,107816,107818,107879,107881,108004,108006,108057,108063,108065,108070,108072,108078,108081,108085,108088,108092,108095,108105,108107,108130],[10,106645,3871,106647,11363],{"id":106646},"python-setintersection-method",[18,106648,106649],{},"set.intersection()",[14,106651,16,106652,106654],{},[18,106653,106649],{}," method returns a new set containing only the values that appear in both sets.",[14,106656,106657],{},"Use it when you want to find common items between sets without changing the original set.",[46,106659,106661],{"className":48,"code":106660,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n# Output: {2, 3}\n",[18,106662,106663,106683,106703,106707,106726,106736],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,106664,106665,106667,106669,106671,106673,106675,106677,106679,106681],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,106666,2857],{"class":902},[55,106668,906],{"class":703},[55,106670,10529],{"class":65},[55,106672,93],{"class":75},[55,106674,163],{"class":65},[55,106676,166],{"class":75},[55,106678,163],{"class":65},[55,106680,171],{"class":75},[55,106682,9346],{"class":65},[55,106684,106685,106687,106689,106691,106693,106695,106697,106699,106701],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,106686,2885],{"class":902},[55,106688,906],{"class":703},[55,106690,10529],{"class":65},[55,106692,707],{"class":75},[55,106694,163],{"class":65},[55,106696,171],{"class":75},[55,106698,163],{"class":65},[55,106700,2759],{"class":75},[55,106702,9346],{"class":65},[55,106704,106705],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,106706,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,106708,106709,106711,106713,106715,106717,106720,106722,106724],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,106710,2534],{"class":902},[55,106712,906],{"class":703},[55,106714,56958],{"class":902},[55,106716,29],{"class":65},[55,106718,106719],{"class":318},"intersection",[55,106721,66],{"class":65},[55,106723,5046],{"class":318},[55,106725,322],{"class":65},[55,106727,106728,106730,106732,106734],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,106729,62],{"class":61},[55,106731,66],{"class":65},[55,106733,2569],{"class":318},[55,106735,322],{"class":65},[55,106737,106738],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,106739,106740],{"class":3956},"# Output: {2, 3}\n",[14,106742,212,106743,106745],{},[18,106744,102867],{}," when you want only the items that appear in both sets.",[41,106747,13041,106749,13044],{"id":106748},"what-the-intersection-method-does",[18,106750,102867],{},[14,106752,106753,106755],{},[18,106754,102867],{}," is a set method that compares one set with another set or iterable and keeps only the shared values.",[14,106757,13097],{},[240,106759,106760,106763,106765,106768],{},[243,106761,106762],{},"It returns a new set with items that exist in both sets",[243,106764,100637],{},[243,106766,106767],{},"It works with values that can be stored in a set",[243,106769,106770],{},"It is useful for finding shared values",[14,106772,96400,106773,29],{},[294,106774,96404],{"href":96403},[41,106776,2460],{"id":2459},[46,106778,106780],{"className":48,"code":106779,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"set1.intersection(set2)\n",[18,106781,106782],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,106783,106784,106786,106788,106790,106792,106794],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,106785,100661],{"class":902},[55,106787,29],{"class":65},[55,106789,106719],{"class":318},[55,106791,66],{"class":65},[55,106793,100670],{"class":318},[55,106795,322],{"class":65},[14,106797,106798],{},"You can also pass more than one argument:",[46,106800,106802],{"className":48,"code":106801,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"set1.intersection(set2, set3)\n",[18,106803,106804],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,106805,106806,106808,106810,106812,106814,106816,106818,106820],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,106807,100661],{"class":902},[55,106809,29],{"class":65},[55,106811,106719],{"class":318},[55,106813,66],{"class":65},[55,106815,100670],{"class":318},[55,106817,163],{"class":65},[55,106819,100697],{"class":318},[55,106821,322],{"class":65},[14,106823,106824],{},"Important notes:",[240,106826,106827,106830,106833],{},[243,106828,106829],{},"The result is always a new set",[243,106831,106832],{},"If there are no shared items, the result is an empty set",[243,106834,106835],{},"You can pass sets or other iterables as arguments",[14,106837,358],{},[46,106839,106841],{"className":48,"code":106840,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n",[18,106842,106843,106867,106887,106891,106909],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,106844,106845,106847,106849,106851,106853,106855,106857,106859,106861,106863,106865],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,106846,2857],{"class":902},[55,106848,906],{"class":703},[55,106850,10529],{"class":65},[55,106852,93],{"class":75},[55,106854,163],{"class":65},[55,106856,166],{"class":75},[55,106858,163],{"class":65},[55,106860,171],{"class":75},[55,106862,163],{"class":65},[55,106864,2759],{"class":75},[55,106866,9346],{"class":65},[55,106868,106869,106871,106873,106875,106877,106879,106881,106883,106885],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,106870,2885],{"class":902},[55,106872,906],{"class":703},[55,106874,10529],{"class":65},[55,106876,2366],{"class":75},[55,106878,163],{"class":65},[55,106880,2759],{"class":75},[55,106882,163],{"class":65},[55,106884,4890],{"class":75},[55,106886,9346],{"class":65},[55,106888,106889],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,106890,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,106892,106893,106895,106897,106899,106901,106903,106905,106907],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,106894,2534],{"class":902},[55,106896,906],{"class":703},[55,106898,56958],{"class":902},[55,106900,29],{"class":65},[55,106902,106719],{"class":318},[55,106904,66],{"class":65},[55,106906,5046],{"class":318},[55,106908,322],{"class":65},[55,106910,106911,106913,106915,106917],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,106912,62],{"class":61},[55,106914,66],{"class":65},[55,106916,2569],{"class":318},[55,106918,322],{"class":65},[14,106920,281],{},[46,106922,106924],{"className":48,"code":106923,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{3, 4}\n",[18,106925,106926],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,106927,106928,106930,106932,106934,106936],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,106929,9315],{"class":65},[55,106931,2366],{"class":75},[55,106933,163],{"class":65},[55,106935,2759],{"class":75},[55,106937,9346],{"class":65},[41,106939,17468],{"id":17467},[14,106941,106942,22027,106944,29],{},[18,106943,102867],{},[435,106945,576],{},[14,106947,106948],{},"That returned set contains only the elements that are present in all inputs.",[46,106950,106952],{"className":48,"code":106951,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[18,106953,106954,106974,106994,106998,107016,107020,107030],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,106955,106956,106958,106960,106962,106964,106966,106968,106970,106972],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,106957,2857],{"class":902},[55,106959,906],{"class":703},[55,106961,10529],{"class":65},[55,106963,93],{"class":75},[55,106965,163],{"class":65},[55,106967,166],{"class":75},[55,106969,163],{"class":65},[55,106971,171],{"class":75},[55,106973,9346],{"class":65},[55,106975,106976,106978,106980,106982,106984,106986,106988,106990,106992],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,106977,2885],{"class":902},[55,106979,906],{"class":703},[55,106981,10529],{"class":65},[55,106983,707],{"class":75},[55,106985,163],{"class":65},[55,106987,171],{"class":75},[55,106989,163],{"class":65},[55,106991,2759],{"class":75},[55,106993,9346],{"class":65},[55,106995,106996],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,106997,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,106999,107000,107002,107004,107006,107008,107010,107012,107014],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,107001,2534],{"class":902},[55,107003,906],{"class":703},[55,107005,56958],{"class":902},[55,107007,29],{"class":65},[55,107009,106719],{"class":318},[55,107011,66],{"class":65},[55,107013,5046],{"class":318},[55,107015,322],{"class":65},[55,107017,107018],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,107019,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,107021,107022,107024,107026,107028],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,107023,62],{"class":61},[55,107025,66],{"class":65},[55,107027,2569],{"class":318},[55,107029,322],{"class":65},[55,107031,107032,107034,107036,107038,107040,107042],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,107033,62],{"class":61},[55,107035,66],{"class":65},[55,107037,1879],{"class":69},[55,107039,66],{"class":65},[55,107041,2569],{"class":318},[55,107043,79],{"class":65},[14,107045,281],{},[46,107047,107049],{"className":48,"code":107048,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[18,107050,107051,107063],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,107052,107053,107055,107057,107059,107061],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,107054,9315],{"class":65},[55,107056,707],{"class":75},[55,107058,163],{"class":65},[55,107060,171],{"class":75},[55,107062,9346],{"class":65},[55,107064,107065,107067,107069,107071,107073,107075],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,107066,1911],{"class":703},[55,107068,1915],{"class":1914},[55,107070,1918],{"class":109},[55,107072,576],{"class":129},[55,107074,1923],{"class":109},[55,107076,1926],{"class":703},[14,107078,85885],{},[240,107080,107081,107084],{},[243,107082,107083],{},"The return value is a set, not a list",[243,107085,107086],{},"The order is not guaranteed because sets are unordered",[41,107088,11517],{"id":11516},[14,107090,107091],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets that share some values:",[46,107093,107095],{"className":48,"code":107094,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\", \"blue\"}\n\ncommon_colors = colors1.intersection(colors2)\n\nprint(common_colors)\n",[18,107096,107097,107130,107163,107167,107188,107192],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,107098,107099,107102,107104,107106,107108,107110,107112,107114,107116,107118,107120,107122,107124,107126,107128],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,107100,107101],{"class":902},"colors1 ",[55,107103,906],{"class":703},[55,107105,10529],{"class":65},[55,107107,126],{"class":109},[55,107109,13138],{"class":129},[55,107111,126],{"class":109},[55,107113,163],{"class":65},[55,107115,793],{"class":109},[55,107117,13155],{"class":129},[55,107119,126],{"class":109},[55,107121,163],{"class":65},[55,107123,793],{"class":109},[55,107125,17505],{"class":129},[55,107127,126],{"class":109},[55,107129,9346],{"class":65},[55,107131,107132,107135,107137,107139,107141,107143,107145,107147,107149,107151,107153,107155,107157,107159,107161],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,107133,107134],{"class":902},"colors2 ",[55,107136,906],{"class":703},[55,107138,10529],{"class":65},[55,107140,126],{"class":109},[55,107142,17505],{"class":129},[55,107144,126],{"class":109},[55,107146,163],{"class":65},[55,107148,793],{"class":109},[55,107150,22576],{"class":129},[55,107152,126],{"class":109},[55,107154,163],{"class":65},[55,107156,793],{"class":109},[55,107158,13155],{"class":129},[55,107160,126],{"class":109},[55,107162,9346],{"class":65},[55,107164,107165],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,107166,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,107168,107169,107172,107174,107177,107179,107181,107183,107186],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,107170,107171],{"class":902},"common_colors ",[55,107173,906],{"class":703},[55,107175,107176],{"class":902}," colors1",[55,107178,29],{"class":65},[55,107180,106719],{"class":318},[55,107182,66],{"class":65},[55,107184,107185],{"class":318},"colors2",[55,107187,322],{"class":65},[55,107189,107190],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,107191,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,107193,107194,107196,107198,107201],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,107195,62],{"class":61},[55,107197,66],{"class":65},[55,107199,107200],{"class":318},"common_colors",[55,107202,322],{"class":65},[14,107204,281],{},[46,107206,107208],{"className":48,"code":107207,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'blue', 'green'}\n",[18,107209,107210],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,107211,107212,107214,107216,107218,107220,107222,107224,107226,107228],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,107213,9315],{"class":65},[55,107215,1923],{"class":109},[55,107217,13155],{"class":129},[55,107219,1923],{"class":109},[55,107221,163],{"class":65},[55,107223,1918],{"class":109},[55,107225,17505],{"class":129},[55,107227,1923],{"class":109},[55,107229,9346],{"class":65},[14,107231,11726],{},[240,107233,107234,107240,107244,107249],{},[243,107235,107236,107239],{},[18,107237,107238],{},"colors1"," contains three color names",[243,107241,107242,107239],{},[18,107243,107185],{},[243,107245,107246,107248],{},[18,107247,102867],{}," keeps only the values found in both sets",[243,107250,107251,107252],{},"The result is a new set stored in ",[18,107253,107200],{},[41,107255,1556,107257,101234],{"id":107256},"using-intersection-with-multiple-sets",[18,107258,102867],{},[14,107260,107261,107262,29],{},"You can pass more than two sets or iterables to ",[18,107263,102867],{},[14,107265,107266,107267,107269],{},"Only the values found in ",[435,107268,4009],{}," inputs will be kept.",[46,107271,107273],{"className":48,"code":107272,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {2, 3, 4, 5}\nc = {3, 4, 6}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[18,107274,107275,107299,107323,107343,107347,107369],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,107276,107277,107279,107281,107283,107285,107287,107289,107291,107293,107295,107297],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,107278,2857],{"class":902},[55,107280,906],{"class":703},[55,107282,10529],{"class":65},[55,107284,93],{"class":75},[55,107286,163],{"class":65},[55,107288,166],{"class":75},[55,107290,163],{"class":65},[55,107292,171],{"class":75},[55,107294,163],{"class":65},[55,107296,2759],{"class":75},[55,107298,9346],{"class":65},[55,107300,107301,107303,107305,107307,107309,107311,107313,107315,107317,107319,107321],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,107302,2885],{"class":902},[55,107304,906],{"class":703},[55,107306,10529],{"class":65},[55,107308,707],{"class":75},[55,107310,163],{"class":65},[55,107312,171],{"class":75},[55,107314,163],{"class":65},[55,107316,2759],{"class":75},[55,107318,163],{"class":65},[55,107320,4890],{"class":75},[55,107322,9346],{"class":65},[55,107324,107325,107327,107329,107331,107333,107335,107337,107339,107341],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,107326,83259],{"class":902},[55,107328,906],{"class":703},[55,107330,10529],{"class":65},[55,107332,2366],{"class":75},[55,107334,163],{"class":65},[55,107336,2759],{"class":75},[55,107338,163],{"class":65},[55,107340,37706],{"class":75},[55,107342,9346],{"class":65},[55,107344,107345],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,107346,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,107348,107349,107351,107353,107355,107357,107359,107361,107363,107365,107367],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,107350,2534],{"class":902},[55,107352,906],{"class":703},[55,107354,56958],{"class":902},[55,107356,29],{"class":65},[55,107358,106719],{"class":318},[55,107360,66],{"class":65},[55,107362,5046],{"class":318},[55,107364,163],{"class":65},[55,107366,9719],{"class":318},[55,107368,322],{"class":65},[55,107370,107371,107373,107375,107377],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,107372,62],{"class":61},[55,107374,66],{"class":65},[55,107376,2569],{"class":318},[55,107378,322],{"class":65},[14,107380,281],{},[46,107382,107383],{"className":48,"code":106923,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,107384,107385],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,107386,107387,107389,107391,107393,107395],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,107388,9315],{"class":65},[55,107390,2366],{"class":75},[55,107392,163],{"class":65},[55,107394,2759],{"class":75},[55,107396,9346],{"class":65},[14,107398,107399],{},"This is useful when you want to check which items are shared across many groups.",[14,107401,107402],{},"You can also pass other iterables:",[46,107404,107406],{"className":48,"code":107405,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection([2, 4, 6], (1, 2, 4))\nprint(result)\n",[18,107407,107408,107432,107436,107476],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,107409,107410,107412,107414,107416,107418,107420,107422,107424,107426,107428,107430],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,107411,2857],{"class":902},[55,107413,906],{"class":703},[55,107415,10529],{"class":65},[55,107417,93],{"class":75},[55,107419,163],{"class":65},[55,107421,166],{"class":75},[55,107423,163],{"class":65},[55,107425,171],{"class":75},[55,107427,163],{"class":65},[55,107429,2759],{"class":75},[55,107431,9346],{"class":65},[55,107433,107434],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,107435,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,107437,107438,107440,107442,107444,107446,107448,107450,107452,107454,107456,107458,107460,107462,107464,107466,107468,107470,107472,107474],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,107439,2534],{"class":902},[55,107441,906],{"class":703},[55,107443,56958],{"class":902},[55,107445,29],{"class":65},[55,107447,106719],{"class":318},[55,107449,158],{"class":65},[55,107451,707],{"class":75},[55,107453,163],{"class":65},[55,107455,2759],{"class":75},[55,107457,163],{"class":65},[55,107459,37706],{"class":75},[55,107461,18112],{"class":65},[55,107463,9273],{"class":65},[55,107465,93],{"class":75},[55,107467,163],{"class":65},[55,107469,166],{"class":75},[55,107471,163],{"class":65},[55,107473,2759],{"class":75},[55,107475,79],{"class":65},[55,107477,107478,107480,107482,107484],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,107479,62],{"class":61},[55,107481,66],{"class":65},[55,107483,2569],{"class":318},[55,107485,322],{"class":65},[14,107487,281],{},[46,107489,107491],{"className":48,"code":107490,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{2, 4}\n",[18,107492,107493],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,107494,107495,107497,107499,107501,107503],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,107496,9315],{"class":65},[55,107498,707],{"class":75},[55,107500,163],{"class":65},[55,107502,2759],{"class":75},[55,107504,9346],{"class":65},[41,107506,107508,10624,107510],{"id":107507},"intersection-vs-intersection_update",[18,107509,102867],{},[18,107511,107512],{},"intersection_update()",[14,107514,101404],{},[889,107516,107517],{"id":106719},[18,107518,102867],{},[240,107520,107521,107523],{},[243,107522,101413],{},[243,107524,101416],{},[46,107526,107528],{"className":48,"code":107527,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(a)\nprint(result)\n",[18,107529,107530,107550,107570,107574,107592,107596,107606],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,107531,107532,107534,107536,107538,107540,107542,107544,107546,107548],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,107533,2857],{"class":902},[55,107535,906],{"class":703},[55,107537,10529],{"class":65},[55,107539,93],{"class":75},[55,107541,163],{"class":65},[55,107543,166],{"class":75},[55,107545,163],{"class":65},[55,107547,171],{"class":75},[55,107549,9346],{"class":65},[55,107551,107552,107554,107556,107558,107560,107562,107564,107566,107568],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,107553,2885],{"class":902},[55,107555,906],{"class":703},[55,107557,10529],{"class":65},[55,107559,707],{"class":75},[55,107561,163],{"class":65},[55,107563,171],{"class":75},[55,107565,163],{"class":65},[55,107567,2759],{"class":75},[55,107569,9346],{"class":65},[55,107571,107572],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,107573,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,107575,107576,107578,107580,107582,107584,107586,107588,107590],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,107577,2534],{"class":902},[55,107579,906],{"class":703},[55,107581,56958],{"class":902},[55,107583,29],{"class":65},[55,107585,106719],{"class":318},[55,107587,66],{"class":65},[55,107589,5046],{"class":318},[55,107591,322],{"class":65},[55,107593,107594],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,107595,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,107597,107598,107600,107602,107604],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,107599,62],{"class":61},[55,107601,66],{"class":65},[55,107603,294],{"class":318},[55,107605,322],{"class":65},[55,107607,107608,107610,107612,107614],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,107609,62],{"class":61},[55,107611,66],{"class":65},[55,107613,2569],{"class":318},[55,107615,322],{"class":65},[14,107617,281],{},[46,107619,107621],{"className":48,"code":107620,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n",[18,107622,107623,107639],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,107624,107625,107627,107629,107631,107633,107635,107637],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,107626,9315],{"class":65},[55,107628,93],{"class":75},[55,107630,163],{"class":65},[55,107632,166],{"class":75},[55,107634,163],{"class":65},[55,107636,171],{"class":75},[55,107638,9346],{"class":65},[55,107640,107641,107643,107645,107647,107649],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,107642,9315],{"class":65},[55,107644,707],{"class":75},[55,107646,163],{"class":65},[55,107648,171],{"class":75},[55,107650,9346],{"class":65},[889,107652,107654],{"id":107653},"intersection_update",[18,107655,107512],{},[240,107657,107658,107660],{},[243,107659,101556],{},[243,107661,107662],{},"Does not create a separate result set",[46,107664,107666],{"className":48,"code":107665,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\na.intersection_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[18,107667,107668,107688,107708,107712,107726,107730],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,107669,107670,107672,107674,107676,107678,107680,107682,107684,107686],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,107671,2857],{"class":902},[55,107673,906],{"class":703},[55,107675,10529],{"class":65},[55,107677,93],{"class":75},[55,107679,163],{"class":65},[55,107681,166],{"class":75},[55,107683,163],{"class":65},[55,107685,171],{"class":75},[55,107687,9346],{"class":65},[55,107689,107690,107692,107694,107696,107698,107700,107702,107704,107706],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,107691,2885],{"class":902},[55,107693,906],{"class":703},[55,107695,10529],{"class":65},[55,107697,707],{"class":75},[55,107699,163],{"class":65},[55,107701,171],{"class":75},[55,107703,163],{"class":65},[55,107705,2759],{"class":75},[55,107707,9346],{"class":65},[55,107709,107710],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,107711,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,107713,107714,107716,107718,107720,107722,107724],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,107715,294],{"class":902},[55,107717,29],{"class":65},[55,107719,107653],{"class":318},[55,107721,66],{"class":65},[55,107723,5046],{"class":318},[55,107725,322],{"class":65},[55,107727,107728],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,107729,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,107731,107732,107734,107736,107738],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,107733,62],{"class":61},[55,107735,66],{"class":65},[55,107737,294],{"class":318},[55,107739,322],{"class":65},[14,107741,281],{},[46,107743,107745],{"className":48,"code":107744,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{2, 3}\n",[18,107746,107747],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,107748,107749,107751,107753,107755,107757],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,107750,9315],{"class":65},[55,107752,707],{"class":75},[55,107754,163],{"class":65},[55,107756,171],{"class":75},[55,107758,9346],{"class":65},[14,107760,107761,107762,107764],{},"Choose ",[18,107763,102867],{}," when you want to keep the original data unchanged.",[41,107766,4803],{"id":4802},[14,107768,14780,107769,790],{},[18,107770,102867],{},[240,107772,107773,107776,107779,107782],{},[243,107774,107775],{},"Expecting a list instead of a set",[243,107777,107778],{},"Assuming the output order will match the input order",[243,107780,107781],{},"Forgetting that duplicates are removed in sets",[243,107783,107784,107785],{},"Thinking the original set changes after calling ",[18,107786,102867],{},[14,107788,107789],{},"These are also common causes of confusion:",[240,107791,107792,107797,107800,107813],{},[243,107793,1556,107794,107796],{},[18,107795,102867],{}," when order matters",[243,107798,107799],{},"Using sets with duplicate values and expecting duplicates in the result",[243,107801,37266,107802,1851,107804,25,107809],{},[18,107803,102867],{},[294,107805,107807],{"href":107806},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method",[18,107808,102875],{},[294,107810,107811],{"href":102916},[18,107812,100490],{},[243,107814,107815],{},"Expecting the method to update the original set",[14,107817,30191],{},[46,107819,107821],{"className":48,"code":107820,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(set1.intersection(set2))\nprint(len(result))\n",[18,107822,107823,107833,107847,107865],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,107824,107825,107827,107829,107831],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,107826,62],{"class":61},[55,107828,66],{"class":65},[55,107830,15714],{"class":318},[55,107832,322],{"class":65},[55,107834,107835,107837,107839,107841,107843,107845],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,107836,62],{"class":61},[55,107838,66],{"class":65},[55,107840,1879],{"class":69},[55,107842,66],{"class":65},[55,107844,2569],{"class":318},[55,107846,79],{"class":65},[55,107848,107849,107851,107853,107855,107857,107859,107861,107863],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,107850,62],{"class":61},[55,107852,66],{"class":65},[55,107854,100661],{"class":318},[55,107856,29],{"class":65},[55,107858,106719],{"class":318},[55,107860,66],{"class":65},[55,107862,100670],{"class":318},[55,107864,79],{"class":65},[55,107866,107867,107869,107871,107873,107875,107877],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,107868,62],{"class":61},[55,107870,66],{"class":65},[55,107872,11202],{"class":61},[55,107874,66],{"class":65},[55,107876,2569],{"class":318},[55,107878,79],{"class":65},[14,107880,358],{},[46,107882,107884],{"className":48,"code":107883,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3}\nother = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = numbers.intersection(other)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(len(result))\n",[18,107885,107886,107910,107930,107934,107952,107956,107966,107976,107990],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,107887,107888,107890,107892,107894,107896,107898,107900,107902,107904,107906,107908],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,107889,1168],{"class":902},[55,107891,906],{"class":703},[55,107893,10529],{"class":65},[55,107895,93],{"class":75},[55,107897,163],{"class":65},[55,107899,166],{"class":75},[55,107901,163],{"class":65},[55,107903,166],{"class":75},[55,107905,163],{"class":65},[55,107907,171],{"class":75},[55,107909,9346],{"class":65},[55,107911,107912,107914,107916,107918,107920,107922,107924,107926,107928],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,107913,43615],{"class":902},[55,107915,906],{"class":703},[55,107917,10529],{"class":65},[55,107919,707],{"class":75},[55,107921,163],{"class":65},[55,107923,171],{"class":75},[55,107925,163],{"class":65},[55,107927,2759],{"class":75},[55,107929,9346],{"class":65},[55,107931,107932],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,107933,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,107935,107936,107938,107940,107942,107944,107946,107948,107950],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,107937,2534],{"class":902},[55,107939,906],{"class":703},[55,107941,1196],{"class":902},[55,107943,29],{"class":65},[55,107945,106719],{"class":318},[55,107947,66],{"class":65},[55,107949,30799],{"class":318},[55,107951,322],{"class":65},[55,107953,107954],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,107955,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,107957,107958,107960,107962,107964],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,107959,62],{"class":61},[55,107961,66],{"class":65},[55,107963,332],{"class":318},[55,107965,322],{"class":65},[55,107967,107968,107970,107972,107974],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,107969,62],{"class":61},[55,107971,66],{"class":65},[55,107973,2569],{"class":318},[55,107975,322],{"class":65},[55,107977,107978,107980,107982,107984,107986,107988],{"class":57,"line":582},[55,107979,62],{"class":61},[55,107981,66],{"class":65},[55,107983,1879],{"class":69},[55,107985,66],{"class":65},[55,107987,2569],{"class":318},[55,107989,79],{"class":65},[55,107991,107992,107994,107996,107998,108000,108002],{"class":57,"line":6706},[55,107993,62],{"class":61},[55,107995,66],{"class":65},[55,107997,11202],{"class":61},[55,107999,66],{"class":65},[55,108001,2569],{"class":318},[55,108003,79],{"class":65},[14,108005,281],{},[46,108007,108009],{"className":48,"code":108008,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n2\n",[18,108010,108011,108027,108039,108053],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,108012,108013,108015,108017,108019,108021,108023,108025],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,108014,9315],{"class":65},[55,108016,93],{"class":75},[55,108018,163],{"class":65},[55,108020,166],{"class":75},[55,108022,163],{"class":65},[55,108024,171],{"class":75},[55,108026,9346],{"class":65},[55,108028,108029,108031,108033,108035,108037],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,108030,9315],{"class":65},[55,108032,707],{"class":75},[55,108034,163],{"class":65},[55,108036,171],{"class":75},[55,108038,9346],{"class":65},[55,108040,108041,108043,108045,108047,108049,108051],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,108042,1911],{"class":703},[55,108044,1915],{"class":1914},[55,108046,1918],{"class":109},[55,108048,576],{"class":129},[55,108050,1923],{"class":109},[55,108052,1926],{"class":703},[55,108054,108055],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,108056,17105],{"class":75},[14,108058,108059,108060,108062],{},"Notice that the duplicate ",[18,108061,707],{}," does not appear twice, because sets automatically remove duplicates.",[41,108064,2139],{"id":2138},[889,108066,12748,108068,102815],{"id":108067},"does-intersection-change-the-original-set",[18,108069,102867],{},[14,108071,102818],{},[889,108073,5456,108075,108077],{"id":108074},"can-intersection-be-used-with-more-than-two-sets",[18,108076,102867],{}," be used with more than two sets?",[14,108079,108080],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables, and it keeps only items found in all of them.",[889,108082,108084],{"id":108083},"why-is-the-result-in-a-different-order","Why is the result in a different order?",[14,108086,108087],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so their display order is not guaranteed.",[889,108089,108091],{"id":108090},"what-happens-if-there-are-no-common-items","What happens if there are no common items?",[14,108093,108094],{},"The method returns an empty set:",[46,108096,108097],{"className":48,"code":97534,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,108098,108099],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,108100,108101,108103],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,108102,576],{"class":69},[55,108104,1789],{"class":65},[41,108106,2193],{"id":2192},[240,108108,108109,108113,108120,108126],{},[243,108110,108111],{},[294,108112,96404],{"href":96403},[243,108114,108115],{},[294,108116,3871,108117,10780],{"href":107806},[18,108118,108119],{},"set.union()",[243,108121,108122],{},[294,108123,3871,108124,10780],{"href":102916},[18,108125,100495],{},[243,108127,108128],{},[294,108129,100420],{"href":105419},[2226,108131,108132],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":108134},[108135,108137,108138,108139,108140,108142,108147,108148,108156],{"id":106748,"depth":82,"text":108136},"What the intersection() method does",{"id":2459,"depth":82,"text":2460},{"id":17467,"depth":82,"text":17468},{"id":11516,"depth":82,"text":11517},{"id":107256,"depth":82,"text":108141},"Using intersection() with multiple sets",{"id":107507,"depth":82,"text":108143,"children":108144},"intersection() vs intersection_update()",[108145,108146],{"id":106719,"depth":98,"text":102867},{"id":107653,"depth":98,"text":107512},{"id":4802,"depth":82,"text":4803},{"id":2138,"depth":82,"text":2139,"children":108149},[108150,108152,108154,108155],{"id":108067,"depth":98,"text":108151},"Does intersection() change the original set?",{"id":108074,"depth":98,"text":108153},"Can intersection() be used with more than two sets?",{"id":108083,"depth":98,"text":108084},{"id":108090,"depth":98,"text":108091},{"id":2192,"depth":82,"text":2193},"Master python set intersection method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method",{"title":106641,"description":108157},"reference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method","WdT5ZeMbzzTuqFC6QHuwvJILep4wDplT8MIltw8e0fg",{"id":108164,"title":108165,"body":108166,"description":109402,"extension":2267,"meta":109403,"navigation":1121,"path":109404,"seo":109405,"stem":109406,"__hash__":109407},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method.md","Python Set pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":108167,"toc":109369},[108168,108173,108179,108188,108190,108265,108270,108285,108295,108300,108304,108317,108321,108323,108338,108340,108356,108358,108433,108437,108440,108442,108459,108464,108519,108524,108536,108540,108543,108644,108646,108687,108690,108694,108701,108703,108728,108731,108749,108756,108762,108765,108847,108854,108857,108937,108946,108949,108954,108958,108972,109021,109026,109030,109041,109090,109101,109106,109110,109122,109171,109182,109184,109188,109211,109213,109270,109272,109286,109288,109294,109300,109306,109315,109319,109326,109330,109338,109340,109366],[10,108169,96276,108171,11363],{"id":108170},"python-set-pop-method",[18,108172,12807],{},[14,108174,108175,108178],{},[18,108176,108177],{},"set.pop()"," removes and returns one item from a set.",[14,108180,108181,108182,108184,108185,108187],{},"This method is useful when you want to take out any item, but you do ",[435,108183,4916],{}," care which one. That is important because sets are unordered, so ",[18,108186,12807],{}," does not remove an item by position.",[41,108189,2308],{"id":2307},[46,108191,108193],{"className":48,"code":108192,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nremoved = items.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(items)\n",[18,108194,108195,108227,108241,108245,108255],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,108196,108197,108199,108201,108203,108205,108207,108209,108211,108213,108215,108217,108219,108221,108223,108225],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,108198,903],{"class":902},[55,108200,906],{"class":703},[55,108202,10529],{"class":65},[55,108204,126],{"class":109},[55,108206,4364],{"class":129},[55,108208,126],{"class":109},[55,108210,163],{"class":65},[55,108212,793],{"class":109},[55,108214,4373],{"class":129},[55,108216,126],{"class":109},[55,108218,163],{"class":65},[55,108220,793],{"class":109},[55,108222,4382],{"class":129},[55,108224,126],{"class":109},[55,108226,9346],{"class":65},[55,108228,108229,108231,108233,108235,108237,108239],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,108230,70007],{"class":902},[55,108232,906],{"class":703},[55,108234,6244],{"class":902},[55,108236,29],{"class":65},[55,108238,26295],{"class":318},[55,108240,1789],{"class":65},[55,108242,108243],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,108244,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,108246,108247,108249,108251,108253],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,108248,62],{"class":61},[55,108250,66],{"class":65},[55,108252,70030],{"class":318},[55,108254,322],{"class":65},[55,108256,108257,108259,108261,108263],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,108258,62],{"class":61},[55,108260,66],{"class":65},[55,108262,937],{"class":318},[55,108264,322],{"class":65},[14,108266,108267],{},[435,108268,108269],{},"What this does:",[240,108271,108272,108277,108282],{},[243,108273,108274,108275],{},"Removes one item from ",[18,108276,937],{},[243,108278,108279,108280],{},"Stores that removed item in ",[18,108281,70030],{},[243,108283,108284],{},"Prints the removed item and the updated set",[14,108286,108287,89036,108289,108291,108292,108294],{},[435,108288,83894],{},[18,108290,108177],{}," removes and returns one item from the set. The removed item is ",[435,108293,4916],{}," chosen by index.",[41,108296,3970,108298,3973],{"id":108297},"what-setpop-does",[18,108299,108177],{},[14,108301,108302,790],{},[18,108303,108177],{},[240,108305,108306,108308,108311,108314],{},[243,108307,103118],{},[243,108309,108310],{},"Returns the removed item",[243,108312,108313],{},"Works only on non-empty sets",[243,108315,108316],{},"Does not take an index or value argument",[14,108318,96400,108319,29],{},[294,108320,96404],{"href":97575},[41,108322,2460],{"id":2459},[46,108324,108326],{"className":48,"code":108325,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_set.pop()\n",[18,108327,108328],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,108329,108330,108332,108334,108336],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,108331,15714],{"class":902},[55,108333,29],{"class":65},[55,108335,26295],{"class":318},[55,108337,1789],{"class":65},[14,108339,13097],{},[240,108341,108342,108348,108353],{},[243,108343,108344,108345],{},"The syntax is ",[18,108346,108347],{},"my_set.pop()",[243,108349,108350,108351],{},"It takes ",[435,108352,28743],{},[243,108354,108355],{},"If you need the removed item, save the return value in a variable",[14,108357,358],{},[46,108359,108361],{"className":48,"code":108360,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nitem = colors.pop()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(colors)\n",[18,108362,108363,108395,108409,108413,108423],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,108364,108365,108367,108369,108371,108373,108375,108377,108379,108381,108383,108385,108387,108389,108391,108393],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,108366,13121],{"class":902},[55,108368,906],{"class":703},[55,108370,10529],{"class":65},[55,108372,126],{"class":109},[55,108374,13138],{"class":129},[55,108376,126],{"class":109},[55,108378,163],{"class":65},[55,108380,793],{"class":109},[55,108382,13155],{"class":129},[55,108384,126],{"class":109},[55,108386,163],{"class":65},[55,108388,793],{"class":109},[55,108390,17505],{"class":129},[55,108392,126],{"class":109},[55,108394,9346],{"class":65},[55,108396,108397,108399,108401,108403,108405,108407],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,108398,28593],{"class":902},[55,108400,906],{"class":703},[55,108402,13169],{"class":902},[55,108404,29],{"class":65},[55,108406,26295],{"class":318},[55,108408,1789],{"class":65},[55,108410,108411],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,108412,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,108414,108415,108417,108419,108421],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,108416,62],{"class":61},[55,108418,66],{"class":65},[55,108420,23363],{"class":318},[55,108422,322],{"class":65},[55,108424,108425,108427,108429,108431],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,108426,62],{"class":61},[55,108428,66],{"class":65},[55,108430,17552],{"class":318},[55,108432,322],{"class":65},[41,108434,108436],{"id":108435},"important-behavior-to-understand","Important behavior to understand",[14,108438,108439],{},"Sets are unordered collections.",[14,108441,2410],{},[240,108443,108444,108450,108453],{},[243,108445,108446,108447,108449],{},"You cannot choose which item ",[18,108448,12807],{}," removes",[243,108451,108452],{},"The removed item may seem different across runs",[243,108454,108455,108456,108458],{},"You should not use ",[18,108457,12807],{}," when you need to remove a specific value",[14,108460,10499,108461,108463],{},[435,108462,4916],{}," valid:",[46,108465,108467],{"className":48,"code":108466,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nfruits.pop(\"apple\")\n",[18,108468,108469,108501],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,108470,108471,108473,108475,108477,108479,108481,108483,108485,108487,108489,108491,108493,108495,108497,108499],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,108472,36300],{"class":902},[55,108474,906],{"class":703},[55,108476,10529],{"class":65},[55,108478,126],{"class":109},[55,108480,4364],{"class":129},[55,108482,126],{"class":109},[55,108484,163],{"class":65},[55,108486,793],{"class":109},[55,108488,4373],{"class":129},[55,108490,126],{"class":109},[55,108492,163],{"class":65},[55,108494,793],{"class":109},[55,108496,4382],{"class":129},[55,108498,126],{"class":109},[55,108500,9346],{"class":65},[55,108502,108503,108505,108507,108509,108511,108513,108515,108517],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,108504,36352],{"class":902},[55,108506,29],{"class":65},[55,108508,26295],{"class":318},[55,108510,66],{"class":65},[55,108512,126],{"class":109},[55,108514,4364],{"class":129},[55,108516,126],{"class":109},[55,108518,322],{"class":65},[14,108520,39717,108521,108523],{},[18,108522,108177],{}," does not accept a value.",[14,108525,108526,108527,25,108531,29],{},"If you want to remove a specific item, use ",[294,108528,108529],{"href":98285},[18,108530,102944],{},[294,108532,108534],{"href":108533},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method\u002F",[18,108535,102935],{},[41,108537,108539],{"id":108538},"example-remove-one-item","Example: remove one item",[14,108541,108542],{},"Here is a simple example:",[46,108544,108546],{"className":48,"code":108545,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"animals = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"rabbit\"}\n\nremoved_animal = animals.pop()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_animal)\nprint(\"Updated set:\", animals)\n",[18,108547,108548,108582,108586,108602,108606,108625],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,108549,108550,108553,108555,108557,108559,108561,108563,108565,108567,108569,108571,108573,108575,108578,108580],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,108551,108552],{"class":902},"animals ",[55,108554,906],{"class":703},[55,108556,10529],{"class":65},[55,108558,126],{"class":109},[55,108560,37109],{"class":129},[55,108562,126],{"class":109},[55,108564,163],{"class":65},[55,108566,793],{"class":109},[55,108568,58198],{"class":129},[55,108570,126],{"class":109},[55,108572,163],{"class":65},[55,108574,793],{"class":109},[55,108576,108577],{"class":129},"rabbit",[55,108579,126],{"class":109},[55,108581,9346],{"class":65},[55,108583,108584],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,108585,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,108587,108588,108591,108593,108596,108598,108600],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,108589,108590],{"class":902},"removed_animal ",[55,108592,906],{"class":703},[55,108594,108595],{"class":902}," animals",[55,108597,29],{"class":65},[55,108599,26295],{"class":318},[55,108601,1789],{"class":65},[55,108603,108604],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,108605,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,108607,108608,108610,108612,108614,108616,108618,108620,108623],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,108609,62],{"class":61},[55,108611,66],{"class":65},[55,108613,126],{"class":109},[55,108615,29011],{"class":129},[55,108617,126],{"class":109},[55,108619,163],{"class":65},[55,108621,108622],{"class":318}," removed_animal",[55,108624,322],{"class":65},[55,108626,108627,108629,108631,108633,108636,108638,108640,108642],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,108628,62],{"class":61},[55,108630,66],{"class":65},[55,108632,126],{"class":109},[55,108634,108635],{"class":129},"Updated set:",[55,108637,126],{"class":109},[55,108639,163],{"class":65},[55,108641,108595],{"class":318},[55,108643,322],{"class":65},[14,108645,30085],{},[46,108647,108649],{"className":48,"code":108648,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Removed: dog\nUpdated set: {'cat', 'rabbit'}\n",[18,108650,108651,108660],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,108652,108653,108655,108657],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,108654,29053],{"class":902},[55,108656,790],{"class":65},[55,108658,108659],{"class":902}," dog\n",[55,108661,108662,108665,108667,108669,108671,108673,108675,108677,108679,108681,108683,108685],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,108663,108664],{"class":902},"Updated ",[55,108666,576],{"class":69},[55,108668,790],{"class":65},[55,108670,10529],{"class":65},[55,108672,1923],{"class":109},[55,108674,37109],{"class":129},[55,108676,1923],{"class":109},[55,108678,163],{"class":65},[55,108680,1918],{"class":109},[55,108682,108577],{"class":129},[55,108684,1923],{"class":109},[55,108686,9346],{"class":65},[14,108688,108689],{},"Your output may be different because sets do not guarantee order.",[41,108691,108693],{"id":108692},"what-happens-with-an-empty-set","What happens with an empty set",[14,108695,29705,108696,108698,108699,29],{},[18,108697,12807],{}," on an empty set raises a ",[18,108700,19738],{},[14,108702,358],{},[46,108704,108706],{"className":48,"code":108705,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = set()\nitems.pop()\n",[18,108707,108708,108718],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,108709,108710,108712,108714,108716],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,108711,903],{"class":902},[55,108713,906],{"class":703},[55,108715,15681],{"class":69},[55,108717,1789],{"class":65},[55,108719,108720,108722,108724,108726],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,108721,937],{"class":902},[55,108723,29],{"class":65},[55,108725,26295],{"class":318},[55,108727,1789],{"class":65},[14,108729,108730],{},"This raises:",[46,108732,108734],{"className":48,"code":108733,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"KeyError: 'pop from an empty set'\n",[18,108735,108736],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,108737,108738,108740,108742,108744,108747],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,108739,19738],{"class":69},[55,108741,790],{"class":65},[55,108743,1918],{"class":109},[55,108745,108746],{"class":129},"pop from an empty set",[55,108748,29755],{"class":109},[14,108750,108751,108752,108755],{},"If needed, you can learn more about this kind of problem on the ",[294,108753,108754],{"href":11114},"KeyError in Python causes and fixes"," page.",[889,108757,108759,108760],{"id":108758},"check-before-calling-pop","Check before calling ",[18,108761,12807],{},[14,108763,108764],{},"A simple way to avoid the error is to check whether the set has items:",[46,108766,108768],{"className":48,"code":108767,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = set()\n\nif items:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nelse:\n    print(\"The set is empty.\")\n",[18,108769,108770,108780,108784,108792,108807,108826,108832],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,108771,108772,108774,108776,108778],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,108773,903],{"class":902},[55,108775,906],{"class":703},[55,108777,15681],{"class":69},[55,108779,1789],{"class":65},[55,108781,108782],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,108783,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,108785,108786,108788,108790],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,108787,38],{"class":1193},[55,108789,6244],{"class":902},[55,108791,1199],{"class":65},[55,108793,108794,108797,108799,108801,108803,108805],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,108795,108796],{"class":902},"    removed ",[55,108798,906],{"class":703},[55,108800,6244],{"class":902},[55,108802,29],{"class":65},[55,108804,26295],{"class":318},[55,108806,1789],{"class":65},[55,108808,108809,108811,108813,108815,108817,108819,108821,108824],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,108810,1204],{"class":61},[55,108812,66],{"class":65},[55,108814,126],{"class":109},[55,108816,29011],{"class":129},[55,108818,126],{"class":109},[55,108820,163],{"class":65},[55,108822,108823],{"class":318}," removed",[55,108825,322],{"class":65},[55,108827,108828,108830],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,108829,27488],{"class":1193},[55,108831,1199],{"class":65},[55,108833,108834,108836,108838,108840,108843,108845],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,108835,1204],{"class":61},[55,108837,66],{"class":65},[55,108839,126],{"class":109},[55,108841,108842],{"class":129},"The set is empty.",[55,108844,126],{"class":109},[55,108846,322],{"class":65},[889,108848,212,108850,4679,108852],{"id":108849},"use-try-and-except",[18,108851,29859],{},[18,108853,29890],{},[14,108855,108856],{},"You can also handle the error directly:",[46,108858,108860],{"className":48,"code":108859,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = set()\n\ntry:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot pop from an empty set.\")\n",[18,108861,108862,108872,108876,108882,108896,108914,108922],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,108863,108864,108866,108868,108870],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,108865,903],{"class":902},[55,108867,906],{"class":703},[55,108869,15681],{"class":69},[55,108871,1789],{"class":65},[55,108873,108874],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,108875,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,108877,108878,108880],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,108879,29859],{"class":1193},[55,108881,1199],{"class":65},[55,108883,108884,108886,108888,108890,108892,108894],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,108885,108796],{"class":902},[55,108887,906],{"class":703},[55,108889,6244],{"class":902},[55,108891,29],{"class":65},[55,108893,26295],{"class":318},[55,108895,1789],{"class":65},[55,108897,108898,108900,108902,108904,108906,108908,108910,108912],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,108899,1204],{"class":61},[55,108901,66],{"class":65},[55,108903,126],{"class":109},[55,108905,29011],{"class":129},[55,108907,126],{"class":109},[55,108909,163],{"class":65},[55,108911,108823],{"class":318},[55,108913,322],{"class":65},[55,108915,108916,108918,108920],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,108917,29890],{"class":1193},[55,108919,29893],{"class":69},[55,108921,1199],{"class":65},[55,108923,108924,108926,108928,108930,108933,108935],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,108925,1204],{"class":61},[55,108927,66],{"class":65},[55,108929,126],{"class":109},[55,108931,108932],{"class":129},"Cannot pop from an empty set.",[55,108934,126],{"class":109},[55,108936,322],{"class":65},[41,108938,5247,108940,10624,108942,10624,108944],{"id":108939},"when-to-use-pop-vs-remove-vs-discard",[18,108941,12807],{},[18,108943,55599],{},[18,108945,102930],{},[14,108947,108948],{},"These three methods all remove items from a set, but they are used in different situations.",[889,108950,212,108952],{"id":108951},"use-pop",[18,108953,12807],{},[14,108955,212,108956,10640],{},[18,108957,12807],{},[240,108959,108960,108966,108969],{},[243,108961,108962,108963],{},"You want to remove ",[435,108964,108965],{},"any one item",[243,108967,108968],{},"You do not care which item is removed",[243,108970,108971],{},"You want the removed item returned",[46,108973,108975],{"className":48,"code":108974,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nvalue = numbers.pop()\nprint(value)\n",[18,108976,108977,108997,109011],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,108978,108979,108981,108983,108985,108987,108989,108991,108993,108995],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,108980,1168],{"class":902},[55,108982,906],{"class":703},[55,108984,10529],{"class":65},[55,108986,93],{"class":75},[55,108988,163],{"class":65},[55,108990,166],{"class":75},[55,108992,163],{"class":65},[55,108994,171],{"class":75},[55,108996,9346],{"class":65},[55,108998,108999,109001,109003,109005,109007,109009],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,109000,1654],{"class":902},[55,109002,906],{"class":703},[55,109004,1196],{"class":902},[55,109006,29],{"class":65},[55,109008,26295],{"class":318},[55,109010,1789],{"class":65},[55,109012,109013,109015,109017,109019],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,109014,62],{"class":61},[55,109016,66],{"class":65},[55,109018,319],{"class":318},[55,109020,322],{"class":65},[889,109022,212,109024],{"id":109023},"use-remove",[18,109025,55599],{},[14,109027,212,109028,10640],{},[18,109029,55599],{},[240,109031,109032,109038],{},[243,109033,109034,109035],{},"You want to delete a ",[435,109036,109037],{},"specific item",[243,109039,109040],{},"You expect that item to be in the set",[46,109042,109044],{"className":48,"code":109043,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.remove(2)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,109045,109046,109066,109080],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,109047,109048,109050,109052,109054,109056,109058,109060,109062,109064],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,109049,1168],{"class":902},[55,109051,906],{"class":703},[55,109053,10529],{"class":65},[55,109055,93],{"class":75},[55,109057,163],{"class":65},[55,109059,166],{"class":75},[55,109061,163],{"class":65},[55,109063,171],{"class":75},[55,109065,9346],{"class":65},[55,109067,109068,109070,109072,109074,109076,109078],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,109069,332],{"class":902},[55,109071,29],{"class":65},[55,109073,34853],{"class":318},[55,109075,66],{"class":65},[55,109077,707],{"class":75},[55,109079,322],{"class":65},[55,109081,109082,109084,109086,109088],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,109083,62],{"class":61},[55,109085,66],{"class":65},[55,109087,332],{"class":318},[55,109089,322],{"class":65},[14,109091,109092,109093,109095,109096,109100],{},"If the item is missing, ",[18,109094,55599],{}," raises an error. See the ",[294,109097,109098,10780],{"href":98285},[18,109099,102944],{}," for details.",[889,109102,212,109104],{"id":109103},"use-discard",[18,109105,102930],{},[14,109107,212,109108,10640],{},[18,109109,102930],{},[240,109111,109112,109116],{},[243,109113,109034,109114],{},[435,109115,109037],{},[243,109117,109118,109119,109121],{},"You do ",[435,109120,4916],{}," want an error if the item is missing",[46,109123,109125],{"className":48,"code":109124,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(5)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,109126,109127,109147,109161],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,109128,109129,109131,109133,109135,109137,109139,109141,109143,109145],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,109130,1168],{"class":902},[55,109132,906],{"class":703},[55,109134,10529],{"class":65},[55,109136,93],{"class":75},[55,109138,163],{"class":65},[55,109140,166],{"class":75},[55,109142,163],{"class":65},[55,109144,171],{"class":75},[55,109146,9346],{"class":65},[55,109148,109149,109151,109153,109155,109157,109159],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,109150,332],{"class":902},[55,109152,29],{"class":65},[55,109154,102997],{"class":318},[55,109156,66],{"class":65},[55,109158,688],{"class":75},[55,109160,322],{"class":65},[55,109162,109163,109165,109167,109169],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,109164,62],{"class":61},[55,109166,66],{"class":65},[55,109168,332],{"class":318},[55,109170,322],{"class":65},[14,109172,109173,109174,109176,109177,109181],{},"This does nothing if ",[18,109175,688],{}," is not in the set. See the ",[294,109178,109179,10780],{"href":108533},[18,109180,102935],{}," for more examples.",[41,109183,1586],{"id":1585},[14,109185,71553,109186,790],{},[18,109187,108177],{},[240,109189,109190,109196,109201,109206],{},[243,109191,109192,109193],{},"Trying to pass a value like ",[18,109194,109195],{},"my_set.pop(\"apple\")",[243,109197,1595,109198,109200],{},[18,109199,12807],{}," to remove the first or last item",[243,109202,29705,109203,109205],{},[18,109204,12807],{}," on an empty set",[243,109207,1556,109208,109210],{},[18,109209,12807],{}," when you need to remove a specific item",[14,109212,62367],{},[46,109214,109216],{"className":48,"code":109215,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint(type(my_set))\nitem = my_set.pop()\n",[18,109217,109218,109228,109242,109256],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,109219,109220,109222,109224,109226],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,109221,62],{"class":61},[55,109223,66],{"class":65},[55,109225,15714],{"class":318},[55,109227,322],{"class":65},[55,109229,109230,109232,109234,109236,109238,109240],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,109231,62],{"class":61},[55,109233,66],{"class":65},[55,109235,11202],{"class":61},[55,109237,66],{"class":65},[55,109239,15714],{"class":318},[55,109241,79],{"class":65},[55,109243,109244,109246,109248,109250,109252,109254],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,109245,62],{"class":61},[55,109247,66],{"class":65},[55,109249,1879],{"class":69},[55,109251,66],{"class":65},[55,109253,15714],{"class":318},[55,109255,79],{"class":65},[55,109257,109258,109260,109262,109264,109266,109268],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,109259,28593],{"class":902},[55,109261,906],{"class":703},[55,109263,97000],{"class":902},[55,109265,29],{"class":65},[55,109267,26295],{"class":318},[55,109269,1789],{"class":65},[14,109271,26062],{},[240,109273,109274,109277,109280,109283],{},[243,109275,109276],{},"What values are in the set",[243,109278,109279],{},"Whether the set is empty",[243,109281,109282],{},"That the object is really a set",[243,109284,109285],{},"What value was actually removed",[41,109287,2139],{"id":2138},[889,109289,12748,109291,109293],{"id":109290},"does-setpop-remove-the-first-item",[18,109292,108177],{}," remove the first item?",[14,109295,109296,109297,109299],{},"No. Sets do not keep order in the way lists do, so ",[18,109298,12807],{}," removes an arbitrary item.",[889,109301,109303,109304,2794],{"id":109302},"can-i-use-an-index-with-setpop","Can I use an index with ",[18,109305,108177],{},[14,109307,109308,109309,109311,109312,109314],{},"No. Unlike list ",[18,109310,12807],{},", set ",[18,109313,12807],{}," does not accept an index.",[889,109316,109318],{"id":109317},"what-error-happens-if-the-set-is-empty","What error happens if the set is empty?",[14,109320,71722,109321,44696,109323,109325],{},[18,109322,19738],{},[18,109324,12807],{}," is called on an empty set.",[889,109327,109329],{"id":109328},"how-do-i-remove-a-specific-item-from-a-set","How do I remove a specific item from a set?",[14,109331,212,109332,25,109334,11132,109336,29],{},[18,109333,55599],{},[18,109335,102930],{},[18,109337,12807],{},[41,109339,2193],{"id":2192},[240,109341,109342,109346,109352,109358,109362],{},[243,109343,109344],{},[294,109345,96404],{"href":97575},[243,109347,109348],{},[294,109349,96890,109350,10780],{"href":98285},[18,109351,55599],{},[243,109353,109354],{},[294,109355,96890,109356,10780],{"href":108533},[18,109357,102930],{},[243,109359,109360],{},[294,109361,11303],{"href":11114},[243,109363,109364],{},[294,109365,55585],{"href":55137},[2226,109367,109368],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":109370},[109371,109372,109374,109375,109376,109377,109383,109392,109393,109401],{"id":2307,"depth":82,"text":2308},{"id":108297,"depth":82,"text":109373},"What set.pop() does",{"id":2459,"depth":82,"text":2460},{"id":108435,"depth":82,"text":108436},{"id":108538,"depth":82,"text":108539},{"id":108692,"depth":82,"text":108693,"children":109378},[109379,109381],{"id":108758,"depth":98,"text":109380},"Check before calling pop()",{"id":108849,"depth":98,"text":109382},"Use try and except",{"id":108939,"depth":82,"text":109384,"children":109385},"When to use pop() vs remove() vs discard()",[109386,109388,109390],{"id":108951,"depth":98,"text":109387},"Use pop()",{"id":109023,"depth":98,"text":109389},"Use remove()",{"id":109103,"depth":98,"text":109391},"Use discard()",{"id":1585,"depth":82,"text":1586},{"id":2138,"depth":82,"text":2139,"children":109394},[109395,109397,109399,109400],{"id":109290,"depth":98,"text":109396},"Does set.pop() remove the first item?",{"id":109302,"depth":98,"text":109398},"Can I use an index with set.pop()?",{"id":109317,"depth":98,"text":109318},{"id":109328,"depth":98,"text":109329},{"id":2192,"depth":82,"text":2193},"Master python set pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method",{"title":108165,"description":109402},"reference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method","HnjrB6euDyN20pcN7QQuCb2VArpBGb8ME-qhQl7T8YY",{"id":109409,"title":109410,"body":109411,"description":110565,"extension":2267,"meta":110566,"navigation":1121,"path":110567,"seo":110568,"stem":110569,"__hash__":110570},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method.md","Python Set remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":109412,"toc":110533},[109413,109418,109423,109432,109434,109499,109503,109527,109534,109539,109543,109558,109561,109563,109582,109596,109599,109647,109651,109667,109669,109742,109746,109771,109777,109785,109789,109796,109851,109856,109873,109879,109885,109890,109898,109905,109909,109917,109972,109974,109991,109995,110002,110067,110071,110104,110106,110118,110125,110127,110132,110139,110141,110210,110214,110222,110224,110288,110292,110297,110344,110349,110417,110425,110432,110435,110441,110446,110450,110452,110455,110457,110462,110467,110473,110478,110485,110493,110499,110502,110504,110530],[10,109414,96276,109416,11363],{"id":109415},"python-set-remove-method",[18,109417,55599],{},[14,109419,109420,109422],{},[18,109421,102944],{}," deletes one specific value from a set.",[14,109424,109425,109426,109429,109430,29],{},"Use it when you want to remove an item ",[435,109427,109428],{},"and you expect that item to be present",". If the item is missing, Python raises a ",[18,109431,19738],{},[41,109433,2308],{"id":2307},[46,109435,109437],{"className":48,"code":109436,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[18,109438,109439,109471,109489],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,109440,109441,109443,109445,109447,109449,109451,109453,109455,109457,109459,109461,109463,109465,109467,109469],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,109442,13121],{"class":902},[55,109444,906],{"class":703},[55,109446,10529],{"class":65},[55,109448,126],{"class":109},[55,109450,13138],{"class":129},[55,109452,126],{"class":109},[55,109454,163],{"class":65},[55,109456,793],{"class":109},[55,109458,13155],{"class":129},[55,109460,126],{"class":109},[55,109462,163],{"class":65},[55,109464,793],{"class":109},[55,109466,17505],{"class":129},[55,109468,126],{"class":109},[55,109470,9346],{"class":65},[55,109472,109473,109475,109477,109479,109481,109483,109485,109487],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,109474,17552],{"class":902},[55,109476,29],{"class":65},[55,109478,34853],{"class":318},[55,109480,66],{"class":65},[55,109482,126],{"class":109},[55,109484,13155],{"class":129},[55,109486,126],{"class":109},[55,109488,322],{"class":65},[55,109490,109491,109493,109495,109497],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,109492,62],{"class":61},[55,109494,66],{"class":65},[55,109496,17552],{"class":318},[55,109498,322],{"class":65},[14,109500,109501],{},[435,109502,30085],{},[46,109504,109505],{"className":48,"code":103624,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,109506,109507],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,109508,109509,109511,109513,109515,109517,109519,109521,109523,109525],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,109510,9315],{"class":65},[55,109512,1923],{"class":109},[55,109514,13138],{"class":129},[55,109516,1923],{"class":109},[55,109518,163],{"class":65},[55,109520,1918],{"class":109},[55,109522,17505],{"class":129},[55,109524,1923],{"class":109},[55,109526,9346],{"class":65},[14,109528,212,109529,109531,109532,29],{},[18,109530,55599],{}," to delete a value from a set. If the value is not in the set, Python raises a ",[18,109533,19738],{},[41,109535,3970,109537,3973],{"id":109536},"what-setremove-does",[18,109538,102944],{},[14,109540,109541,790],{},[18,109542,102944],{},[240,109544,109545,109548,109550,109552],{},[243,109546,109547],{},"Removes one specific value from a set",[243,109549,96391],{},[243,109551,96394],{},[243,109553,109554,109555,109557],{},"Raises ",[18,109556,19738],{}," if the value is missing",[14,109559,109560],{},"This means the set itself is updated. You do not need to assign the result to a new variable.",[41,109562,2460],{"id":2459},[46,109564,109566],{"className":48,"code":109565,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_set.remove(value)\n",[18,109567,109568],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,109569,109570,109572,109574,109576,109578,109580],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,109571,15714],{"class":902},[55,109573,29],{"class":65},[55,109575,34853],{"class":318},[55,109577,66],{"class":65},[55,109579,319],{"class":318},[55,109581,322],{"class":65},[240,109583,109584,109588,109593],{},[243,109585,109586,103166],{},[18,109587,15714],{},[243,109589,109590,109592],{},[18,109591,319],{}," is the item to remove",[243,109594,109595],{},"Use this method when you expect the item to exist",[14,109597,109598],{},"Here is a small example:",[46,109600,109601],{"className":48,"code":109043,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,109602,109603,109623,109637],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,109604,109605,109607,109609,109611,109613,109615,109617,109619,109621],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,109606,1168],{"class":902},[55,109608,906],{"class":703},[55,109610,10529],{"class":65},[55,109612,93],{"class":75},[55,109614,163],{"class":65},[55,109616,166],{"class":75},[55,109618,163],{"class":65},[55,109620,171],{"class":75},[55,109622,9346],{"class":65},[55,109624,109625,109627,109629,109631,109633,109635],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,109626,332],{"class":902},[55,109628,29],{"class":65},[55,109630,34853],{"class":318},[55,109632,66],{"class":65},[55,109634,707],{"class":75},[55,109636,322],{"class":65},[55,109638,109639,109641,109643,109645],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,109640,62],{"class":61},[55,109642,66],{"class":65},[55,109644,332],{"class":318},[55,109646,322],{"class":65},[14,109648,109649],{},[435,109650,30085],{},[46,109652,109653],{"className":48,"code":101374,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,109654,109655],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,109656,109657,109659,109661,109663,109665],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,109658,9315],{"class":65},[55,109660,93],{"class":75},[55,109662,163],{"class":65},[55,109664,171],{"class":75},[55,109666,9346],{"class":65},[41,109668,11517],{"id":11516},[46,109670,109672],{"className":48,"code":109671,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.remove(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[18,109673,109674,109706,109710,109728,109732],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,109675,109676,109678,109680,109682,109684,109686,109688,109690,109692,109694,109696,109698,109700,109702,109704],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,109677,36300],{"class":902},[55,109679,906],{"class":703},[55,109681,10529],{"class":65},[55,109683,126],{"class":109},[55,109685,4364],{"class":129},[55,109687,126],{"class":109},[55,109689,163],{"class":65},[55,109691,793],{"class":109},[55,109693,4373],{"class":129},[55,109695,126],{"class":109},[55,109697,163],{"class":65},[55,109699,793],{"class":109},[55,109701,33278],{"class":129},[55,109703,126],{"class":109},[55,109705,9346],{"class":65},[55,109707,109708],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,109709,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,109711,109712,109714,109716,109718,109720,109722,109724,109726],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,109713,36352],{"class":902},[55,109715,29],{"class":65},[55,109717,34853],{"class":318},[55,109719,66],{"class":65},[55,109721,126],{"class":109},[55,109723,4373],{"class":129},[55,109725,126],{"class":109},[55,109727,322],{"class":65},[55,109729,109730],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,109731,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,109733,109734,109736,109738,109740],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,109735,62],{"class":61},[55,109737,66],{"class":65},[55,109739,36352],{"class":318},[55,109741,322],{"class":65},[14,109743,109744],{},[435,109745,30085],{},[46,109747,109749],{"className":48,"code":109748,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'apple', 'orange'}\n",[18,109750,109751],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,109752,109753,109755,109757,109759,109761,109763,109765,109767,109769],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,109754,9315],{"class":65},[55,109756,1923],{"class":109},[55,109758,4364],{"class":129},[55,109760,1923],{"class":109},[55,109762,163],{"class":65},[55,109764,1918],{"class":109},[55,109766,33278],{"class":129},[55,109768,1923],{"class":109},[55,109770,9346],{"class":65},[14,109772,109773,109774,109776],{},"This removes ",[18,109775,65347],{}," from the set.",[14,109778,109779,109780,109782,109783,29],{},"A set does ",[435,109781,4916],{}," keep items in a fixed order, so your printed output may appear in a different order. If you are new to sets, see ",[294,109784,96408],{"href":97959},[41,109786,109788],{"id":109787},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-found","What happens if the item is not found",[14,109790,109791,109792,52564,109794,29],{},"If the value is not in the set, ",[18,109793,55599],{},[18,109795,19738],{},[46,109797,109799],{"className":48,"code":109798,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"yellow\")\n",[18,109800,109801,109833],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,109802,109803,109805,109807,109809,109811,109813,109815,109817,109819,109821,109823,109825,109827,109829,109831],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,109804,13121],{"class":902},[55,109806,906],{"class":703},[55,109808,10529],{"class":65},[55,109810,126],{"class":109},[55,109812,13138],{"class":129},[55,109814,126],{"class":109},[55,109816,163],{"class":65},[55,109818,793],{"class":109},[55,109820,13155],{"class":129},[55,109822,126],{"class":109},[55,109824,163],{"class":65},[55,109826,793],{"class":109},[55,109828,17505],{"class":129},[55,109830,126],{"class":109},[55,109832,9346],{"class":65},[55,109834,109835,109837,109839,109841,109843,109845,109847,109849],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,109836,17552],{"class":902},[55,109838,29],{"class":65},[55,109840,34853],{"class":318},[55,109842,66],{"class":65},[55,109844,126],{"class":109},[55,109846,22576],{"class":129},[55,109848,126],{"class":109},[55,109850,322],{"class":65},[14,109852,109853],{},[435,109854,109855],{},"Result:",[46,109857,109859],{"className":48,"code":109858,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"KeyError: 'yellow'\n",[18,109860,109861],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,109862,109863,109865,109867,109869,109871],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,109864,19738],{"class":69},[55,109866,790],{"class":65},[55,109868,1918],{"class":109},[55,109870,22576],{"class":129},[55,109872,29755],{"class":109},[14,109874,22241,109875,109878],{},[18,109876,109877],{},"\"yellow\""," is not in the set.",[14,109880,109881,109882,109884],{},"This behavior is useful when a missing value should be treated as a real problem. For example, if your program assumes the item must be there, ",[18,109883,55599],{}," helps you notice the mistake immediately.",[14,109886,109887,109888,29],{},"If your code is failing with this error, see ",[294,109889,11303],{"href":11114},[41,109891,4484,109893,109895,109896],{"id":109892},"how-remove-is-different-from-discard",[18,109894,55599],{}," is different from ",[18,109897,102930],{},[14,109899,109900,4679,109902,109904],{},[18,109901,55599],{},[18,109903,102930],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the item is missing.",[889,109906,109907],{"id":34853},[18,109908,55599],{},[240,109910,109911,109914],{},[243,109912,109913],{},"Removes the item if it exists",[243,109915,109916],{},"Raises an error if the item is missing",[46,109918,109920],{"className":48,"code":109919,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.remove(\"d\")\n",[18,109921,109922,109954],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,109923,109924,109926,109928,109930,109932,109934,109936,109938,109940,109942,109944,109946,109948,109950,109952],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,109925,36151],{"class":902},[55,109927,906],{"class":703},[55,109929,10529],{"class":65},[55,109931,126],{"class":109},[55,109933,294],{"class":129},[55,109935,126],{"class":109},[55,109937,163],{"class":65},[55,109939,793],{"class":109},[55,109941,5046],{"class":129},[55,109943,126],{"class":109},[55,109945,163],{"class":65},[55,109947,793],{"class":109},[55,109949,9777],{"class":129},[55,109951,126],{"class":109},[55,109953,9346],{"class":65},[55,109955,109956,109958,109960,109962,109964,109966,109968,109970],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,109957,36204],{"class":902},[55,109959,29],{"class":65},[55,109961,34853],{"class":318},[55,109963,66],{"class":65},[55,109965,126],{"class":109},[55,109967,18818],{"class":129},[55,109969,126],{"class":109},[55,109971,322],{"class":65},[14,109973,108730],{},[46,109975,109977],{"className":48,"code":109976,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"KeyError: 'd'\n",[18,109978,109979],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,109980,109981,109983,109985,109987,109989],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,109982,19738],{"class":69},[55,109984,790],{"class":65},[55,109986,1918],{"class":109},[55,109988,18818],{"class":129},[55,109990,29755],{"class":109},[889,109992,109993],{"id":102997},[18,109994,102930],{},[240,109996,109997,109999],{},[243,109998,109913],{},[243,110000,110001],{},"Does nothing if the item is missing",[46,110003,110005],{"className":48,"code":110004,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"d\")\nprint(letters)\n",[18,110006,110007,110039,110057],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,110008,110009,110011,110013,110015,110017,110019,110021,110023,110025,110027,110029,110031,110033,110035,110037],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,110010,36151],{"class":902},[55,110012,906],{"class":703},[55,110014,10529],{"class":65},[55,110016,126],{"class":109},[55,110018,294],{"class":129},[55,110020,126],{"class":109},[55,110022,163],{"class":65},[55,110024,793],{"class":109},[55,110026,5046],{"class":129},[55,110028,126],{"class":109},[55,110030,163],{"class":65},[55,110032,793],{"class":109},[55,110034,9777],{"class":129},[55,110036,126],{"class":109},[55,110038,9346],{"class":65},[55,110040,110041,110043,110045,110047,110049,110051,110053,110055],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,110042,36204],{"class":902},[55,110044,29],{"class":65},[55,110046,102997],{"class":318},[55,110048,66],{"class":65},[55,110050,126],{"class":109},[55,110052,18818],{"class":129},[55,110054,126],{"class":109},[55,110056,322],{"class":65},[55,110058,110059,110061,110063,110065],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,110060,62],{"class":61},[55,110062,66],{"class":65},[55,110064,36204],{"class":318},[55,110066,322],{"class":65},[14,110068,110069],{},[435,110070,281],{},[46,110072,110074],{"className":48,"code":110073,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'a', 'b', 'c'}\n",[18,110075,110076],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,110077,110078,110080,110082,110084,110086,110088,110090,110092,110094,110096,110098,110100,110102],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,110079,9315],{"class":65},[55,110081,1923],{"class":109},[55,110083,294],{"class":129},[55,110085,1923],{"class":109},[55,110087,163],{"class":65},[55,110089,1918],{"class":109},[55,110091,5046],{"class":129},[55,110093,1923],{"class":109},[55,110095,163],{"class":65},[55,110097,1918],{"class":109},[55,110099,9777],{"class":129},[55,110101,1923],{"class":109},[55,110103,9346],{"class":65},[14,110105,18745],{},[240,110107,110108,110113],{},[243,110109,110110,110112],{},[18,110111,55599],{}," when missing values should be noticed",[243,110114,110115,110117],{},[18,110116,102930],{}," when you want to avoid errors",[14,110119,110120,110121,29],{},"If you want a full method reference, see ",[294,110122,96890,110123,10780],{"href":108533},[18,110124,102930],{},[41,110126,4803],{"id":4802},[889,110128,1595,110130,97270],{"id":110129},"expecting-remove-to-return-the-updated-set",[18,110131,55599],{},[14,110133,110134,110136,110137,29],{},[18,110135,55599],{}," changes the original set and returns ",[18,110138,481],{},[14,110140,16692],{},[46,110142,110144],{"className":48,"code":110143,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nnew_colors = colors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(new_colors)\n",[18,110145,110146,110178,110200],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,110147,110148,110150,110152,110154,110156,110158,110160,110162,110164,110166,110168,110170,110172,110174,110176],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,110149,13121],{"class":902},[55,110151,906],{"class":703},[55,110153,10529],{"class":65},[55,110155,126],{"class":109},[55,110157,13138],{"class":129},[55,110159,126],{"class":109},[55,110161,163],{"class":65},[55,110163,793],{"class":109},[55,110165,13155],{"class":129},[55,110167,126],{"class":109},[55,110169,163],{"class":65},[55,110171,793],{"class":109},[55,110173,17505],{"class":129},[55,110175,126],{"class":109},[55,110177,9346],{"class":65},[55,110179,110180,110182,110184,110186,110188,110190,110192,110194,110196,110198],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,110181,13164],{"class":902},[55,110183,906],{"class":703},[55,110185,13169],{"class":902},[55,110187,29],{"class":65},[55,110189,34853],{"class":318},[55,110191,66],{"class":65},[55,110193,126],{"class":109},[55,110195,13155],{"class":129},[55,110197,126],{"class":109},[55,110199,322],{"class":65},[55,110201,110202,110204,110206,110208],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,110203,62],{"class":61},[55,110205,66],{"class":65},[55,110207,13188],{"class":318},[55,110209,322],{"class":65},[14,110211,110212],{},[435,110213,281],{},[46,110215,110216],{"className":48,"code":11851,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,110217,110218],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,110219,110220],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,110221,11851],{"class":187},[14,110223,16704],{},[46,110225,110226],{"className":48,"code":109436,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,110227,110228,110260,110278],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,110229,110230,110232,110234,110236,110238,110240,110242,110244,110246,110248,110250,110252,110254,110256,110258],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,110231,13121],{"class":902},[55,110233,906],{"class":703},[55,110235,10529],{"class":65},[55,110237,126],{"class":109},[55,110239,13138],{"class":129},[55,110241,126],{"class":109},[55,110243,163],{"class":65},[55,110245,793],{"class":109},[55,110247,13155],{"class":129},[55,110249,126],{"class":109},[55,110251,163],{"class":65},[55,110253,793],{"class":109},[55,110255,17505],{"class":129},[55,110257,126],{"class":109},[55,110259,9346],{"class":65},[55,110261,110262,110264,110266,110268,110270,110272,110274,110276],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,110263,17552],{"class":902},[55,110265,29],{"class":65},[55,110267,34853],{"class":318},[55,110269,66],{"class":65},[55,110271,126],{"class":109},[55,110273,13155],{"class":129},[55,110275,126],{"class":109},[55,110277,322],{"class":65},[55,110279,110280,110282,110284,110286],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,110281,62],{"class":61},[55,110283,66],{"class":65},[55,110285,17552],{"class":318},[55,110287,322],{"class":65},[889,110289,110291],{"id":110290},"trying-to-remove-a-value-that-is-not-present","Trying to remove a value that is not present",[14,110293,110294,110295,29],{},"If the value is missing, you get a ",[18,110296,19738],{},[46,110298,110300],{"className":48,"code":110299,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.remove(\"green\")\n",[18,110301,110302,110326],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,110303,110304,110306,110308,110310,110312,110314,110316,110318,110320,110322,110324],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,110305,13121],{"class":902},[55,110307,906],{"class":703},[55,110309,10529],{"class":65},[55,110311,126],{"class":109},[55,110313,13138],{"class":129},[55,110315,126],{"class":109},[55,110317,163],{"class":65},[55,110319,793],{"class":109},[55,110321,13155],{"class":129},[55,110323,126],{"class":109},[55,110325,9346],{"class":65},[55,110327,110328,110330,110332,110334,110336,110338,110340,110342],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,110329,17552],{"class":902},[55,110331,29],{"class":65},[55,110333,34853],{"class":318},[55,110335,66],{"class":65},[55,110337,126],{"class":109},[55,110339,17505],{"class":129},[55,110341,126],{"class":109},[55,110343,322],{"class":65},[14,110345,110346,110347,790],{},"To check first, you can use ",[18,110348,4168],{},[46,110350,110352],{"className":48,"code":110351,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\n\nif \"green\" in colors:\n    colors.remove(\"green\")\n",[18,110353,110354,110378,110382,110398],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,110355,110356,110358,110360,110362,110364,110366,110368,110370,110372,110374,110376],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,110357,13121],{"class":902},[55,110359,906],{"class":703},[55,110361,10529],{"class":65},[55,110363,126],{"class":109},[55,110365,13138],{"class":129},[55,110367,126],{"class":109},[55,110369,163],{"class":65},[55,110371,793],{"class":109},[55,110373,13155],{"class":129},[55,110375,126],{"class":109},[55,110377,9346],{"class":65},[55,110379,110380],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,110381,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,110383,110384,110386,110388,110390,110392,110394,110396],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,110385,38],{"class":1193},[55,110387,793],{"class":109},[55,110389,17505],{"class":129},[55,110391,126],{"class":109},[55,110393,21225],{"class":703},[55,110395,13169],{"class":902},[55,110397,1199],{"class":65},[55,110399,110400,110403,110405,110407,110409,110411,110413,110415],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,110401,110402],{"class":902},"    colors",[55,110404,29],{"class":65},[55,110406,34853],{"class":318},[55,110408,66],{"class":65},[55,110410,126],{"class":109},[55,110412,17505],{"class":129},[55,110414,126],{"class":109},[55,110416,322],{"class":65},[14,110418,110419,110420,110424],{},"Or use ",[294,110421,110422],{"href":108533},[18,110423,102930],{}," if missing values are acceptable.",[889,110426,37266,110428,1851,110430],{"id":110427},"confusing-setremove-with-listremove",[18,110429,102944],{},[18,110431,55145],{},[14,110433,110434],{},"Sets do not store duplicates.",[14,110436,110437,110438,110440],{},"A list can contain repeated values, but a set cannot. That means ",[18,110439,102944],{}," removes a value from a collection where each item is unique.",[14,110442,110443,110444,29],{},"If you are working with lists and duplicates, you may also want to read ",[294,110445,99154],{"href":99153},[889,110447,110449],{"id":110448},"assuming-sets-keep-item-order","Assuming sets keep item order",[14,110451,108439],{},[14,110453,110454],{},"After removing an item, do not expect the remaining items to stay in a specific order when printed.",[41,110456,2139],{"id":2138},[889,110458,12748,110460,97369],{"id":110459},"does-setremove-return-a-new-set",[18,110461,102944],{},[14,110463,110464,110465,29],{},"No. It changes the original set and returns ",[18,110466,481],{},[889,110468,30343,110470,110472],{"id":110469},"what-error-does-setremove-raise",[18,110471,102944],{}," raise?",[14,110474,30349,110475,110477],{},[18,110476,19738],{}," if the value is not in the set.",[889,110479,21472,110481,25,110483,2794],{"id":110480},"should-i-use-remove-or-discard",[18,110482,55599],{},[18,110484,102930],{},[14,110486,212,110487,110489,110490,110492],{},[18,110488,55599],{}," when the item should exist. Use ",[18,110491,102930],{}," when missing items are acceptable.",[889,110494,5456,110496,110498],{"id":110495},"can-setremove-remove-multiple-items-at-once",[18,110497,102944],{}," remove multiple items at once?",[14,110500,110501],{},"No. It removes one item at a time. For multiple items, use a loop or another set operation.",[41,110503,2193],{"id":2192},[240,110505,110506,110512,110518,110522,110526],{},[243,110507,110508],{},[294,110509,96890,110510,10780],{"href":108533},[18,110511,102930],{},[243,110513,110514],{},[294,110515,96890,110516,10780],{"href":98290},[18,110517,12807],{},[243,110519,110520],{},[294,110521,97414],{"href":97959},[243,110523,110524],{},[294,110525,100420],{"href":99153},[243,110527,110528],{},[294,110529,11303],{"href":11114},[2226,110531,110532],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":110534},[110535,110536,110538,110539,110540,110541,110546,110554,110564],{"id":2307,"depth":82,"text":2308},{"id":109536,"depth":82,"text":110537},"What set.remove() does",{"id":2459,"depth":82,"text":2460},{"id":11516,"depth":82,"text":11517},{"id":109787,"depth":82,"text":109788},{"id":109892,"depth":82,"text":110542,"children":110543},"How remove() is different from discard()",[110544,110545],{"id":34853,"depth":98,"text":55599},{"id":102997,"depth":98,"text":102930},{"id":4802,"depth":82,"text":4803,"children":110547},[110548,110550,110551,110553],{"id":110129,"depth":98,"text":110549},"Expecting remove() to return the updated set",{"id":110290,"depth":98,"text":110291},{"id":110427,"depth":98,"text":110552},"Confusing set.remove() with list.remove()",{"id":110448,"depth":98,"text":110449},{"id":2138,"depth":82,"text":2139,"children":110555},[110556,110558,110560,110562],{"id":110459,"depth":98,"text":110557},"Does set.remove() return a new set?",{"id":110469,"depth":98,"text":110559},"What error does set.remove() raise?",{"id":110480,"depth":98,"text":110561},"Should I use remove() or discard()?",{"id":110495,"depth":98,"text":110563},"Can set.remove() remove multiple items at once?",{"id":2192,"depth":82,"text":2193},"Master python set remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method",{"title":109410,"description":110565},"reference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method","rqj96TKU47GbniERUcyXRFNr3Q0LLY8S8sJgEZ7LbL0",{"id":110572,"title":110573,"body":110574,"description":111947,"extension":2267,"meta":111948,"navigation":1121,"path":111949,"seo":111950,"stem":111951,"__hash__":111952},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method.md","Python Set symmetric_difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":110575,"toc":111922},[110576,110582,110588,110591,110594,110608,110610,110691,110694,110699,110703,110717,110724,110726,110745,110748,110766,110768,110848,110850,110875,110879,110882,110890,110895,110900,110902,110915,110920,110923,110947,110950,110958,110960,110963,111060,111062,111095,111097,111123,111130,111133,111137,111145,111149,111157,111159,111249,111251,111265,111272,111277,111282,111284,111375,111377,111389,111391,111405,111411,111419,111421,111503,111505,111550,111553,111561,111564,111566,111570,111613,111615,111635,111640,111642,111727,111729,111734,111736,111743,111751,111757,111760,111762,111848,111850,111874,111878,111881,111883,111910,111920],[10,110577,96276,110579,11363],{"id":110578},"python-set-symmetric_difference-method",[18,110580,110581],{},"symmetric_difference()",[14,110583,110584,110587],{},[18,110585,110586],{},"set.symmetric_difference()"," returns the values that appear in exactly one of two sets.",[14,110589,110590],{},"This is useful when you want to compare two sets and keep only the non-matching values.",[14,110592,110593],{},"Use it when:",[240,110595,110596,110599,110605],{},[243,110597,110598],{},"you want items in one set or the other",[243,110600,110601,110602,110604],{},"you do ",[435,110603,4916],{}," want items that appear in both sets",[243,110606,110607],{},"you need a new set without changing the originals",[41,110609,44],{"id":43},[46,110611,110613],{"className":48,"code":110612,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.symmetric_difference(b)\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[18,110614,110615,110635,110655,110659,110678],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,110616,110617,110619,110621,110623,110625,110627,110629,110631,110633],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,110618,2857],{"class":902},[55,110620,906],{"class":703},[55,110622,10529],{"class":65},[55,110624,93],{"class":75},[55,110626,163],{"class":65},[55,110628,166],{"class":75},[55,110630,163],{"class":65},[55,110632,171],{"class":75},[55,110634,9346],{"class":65},[55,110636,110637,110639,110641,110643,110645,110647,110649,110651,110653],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,110638,2885],{"class":902},[55,110640,906],{"class":703},[55,110642,10529],{"class":65},[55,110644,2366],{"class":75},[55,110646,163],{"class":65},[55,110648,2759],{"class":75},[55,110650,163],{"class":65},[55,110652,4890],{"class":75},[55,110654,9346],{"class":65},[55,110656,110657],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,110658,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,110660,110661,110663,110665,110667,110669,110672,110674,110676],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,110662,2534],{"class":902},[55,110664,906],{"class":703},[55,110666,56958],{"class":902},[55,110668,29],{"class":65},[55,110670,110671],{"class":318},"symmetric_difference",[55,110673,66],{"class":65},[55,110675,5046],{"class":318},[55,110677,322],{"class":65},[55,110679,110680,110682,110684,110686,110688],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,110681,62],{"class":61},[55,110683,66],{"class":65},[55,110685,2569],{"class":318},[55,110687,3953],{"class":65},[55,110689,110690],{"class":3956},"  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[14,110692,110693],{},"Use this when you want values that are in one set or the other, but not in both.",[41,110695,3970,110697,3973],{"id":110696},"what-symmetric_difference-does",[18,110698,110581],{},[14,110700,110701,790],{},[18,110702,110586],{},[240,110704,110705,110708,110711,110714],{},[243,110706,110707],{},"returns a new set",[243,110709,110710],{},"keeps items that are in only one of the two sets",[243,110712,110713],{},"removes items that exist in both sets",[243,110715,110716],{},"does not change the original set",[14,110718,96400,110719,25,110721,29],{},[294,110720,96404],{"href":96403},[294,110722,110723],{"href":96407},"creating a set in Python",[41,110725,2460],{"id":2459},[46,110727,110729],{"className":48,"code":110728,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\n",[18,110730,110731],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,110732,110733,110735,110737,110739,110741,110743],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,110734,100661],{"class":902},[55,110736,29],{"class":65},[55,110738,110671],{"class":318},[55,110740,66],{"class":65},[55,110742,100670],{"class":318},[55,110744,322],{"class":65},[14,110746,110747],{},"Notes:",[240,110749,110750,110755,110760,110763],{},[243,110751,110752,110754],{},[18,110753,100661],{}," must be a set",[243,110756,110757,110759],{},[18,110758,100670],{}," can be any iterable",[243,110761,110762],{},"the result is always a set",[243,110764,110765],{},"the most common use is comparing two sets",[14,110767,358],{},[46,110769,110771],{"className":48,"code":110770,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\nprint(result)\n",[18,110772,110773,110794,110815,110819,110838],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,110774,110775,110778,110780,110782,110784,110786,110788,110790,110792],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,110776,110777],{"class":902},"set1 ",[55,110779,906],{"class":703},[55,110781,10529],{"class":65},[55,110783,93],{"class":75},[55,110785,163],{"class":65},[55,110787,166],{"class":75},[55,110789,163],{"class":65},[55,110791,171],{"class":75},[55,110793,9346],{"class":65},[55,110795,110796,110799,110801,110803,110805,110807,110809,110811,110813],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,110797,110798],{"class":902},"set2 ",[55,110800,906],{"class":703},[55,110802,10529],{"class":65},[55,110804,2366],{"class":75},[55,110806,163],{"class":65},[55,110808,2759],{"class":75},[55,110810,163],{"class":65},[55,110812,4890],{"class":75},[55,110814,9346],{"class":65},[55,110816,110817],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,110818,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,110820,110821,110823,110825,110828,110830,110832,110834,110836],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,110822,2534],{"class":902},[55,110824,906],{"class":703},[55,110826,110827],{"class":902}," set1",[55,110829,29],{"class":65},[55,110831,110671],{"class":318},[55,110833,66],{"class":65},[55,110835,100670],{"class":318},[55,110837,322],{"class":65},[55,110839,110840,110842,110844,110846],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,110841,62],{"class":61},[55,110843,66],{"class":65},[55,110845,2569],{"class":318},[55,110847,322],{"class":65},[14,110849,281],{},[46,110851,110853],{"className":48,"code":110852,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[18,110854,110855],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,110856,110857,110859,110861,110863,110865,110867,110869,110871,110873],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,110858,9315],{"class":65},[55,110860,93],{"class":75},[55,110862,163],{"class":65},[55,110864,166],{"class":75},[55,110866,163],{"class":65},[55,110868,2759],{"class":75},[55,110870,163],{"class":65},[55,110872,4890],{"class":75},[55,110874,9346],{"class":65},[41,110876,110878],{"id":110877},"what-the-result-means","What the result means",[14,110880,110881],{},"The result includes:",[240,110883,110884,110887],{},[243,110885,110886],{},"items only in the first set",[243,110888,110889],{},"items only in the second set",[14,110891,110892,110893,11123],{},"The result does ",[435,110894,4916],{},[240,110896,110897],{},[243,110898,110899],{},"items shared by both sets",[14,110901,5756],{},[240,110903,110904,110909],{},[243,110905,110906,110907],{},"first set: ",[18,110908,100358],{},[243,110910,110911,110912],{},"second set: ",[18,110913,110914],{},"{3, 4, 5}",[14,110916,4334,110917,110919],{},[18,110918,2366],{}," is in both sets, so it is removed from the result.",[14,110921,110922],{},"The output is:",[46,110924,110925],{"className":48,"code":110852,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,110926,110927],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,110928,110929,110931,110933,110935,110937,110939,110941,110943,110945],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,110930,9315],{"class":65},[55,110932,93],{"class":75},[55,110934,163],{"class":65},[55,110936,166],{"class":75},[55,110938,163],{"class":65},[55,110940,2759],{"class":75},[55,110942,163],{"class":65},[55,110944,4890],{"class":75},[55,110946,9346],{"class":65},[14,110948,110949],{},"Also remember:",[240,110951,110952,110955],{},[243,110953,110954],{},"sets are unordered",[243,110956,110957],{},"Python does not guarantee the printed order of set items",[41,110959,11517],{"id":11516},[14,110961,110962],{},"Here is a small example with one shared value:",[46,110964,110966],{"className":48,"code":110965,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\"}\n\nresult = colors1.symmetric_difference(colors2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,110967,110968,111000,111024,111028,111046,111050],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,110969,110970,110972,110974,110976,110978,110980,110982,110984,110986,110988,110990,110992,110994,110996,110998],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,110971,107101],{"class":902},[55,110973,906],{"class":703},[55,110975,10529],{"class":65},[55,110977,126],{"class":109},[55,110979,13138],{"class":129},[55,110981,126],{"class":109},[55,110983,163],{"class":65},[55,110985,793],{"class":109},[55,110987,13155],{"class":129},[55,110989,126],{"class":109},[55,110991,163],{"class":65},[55,110993,793],{"class":109},[55,110995,17505],{"class":129},[55,110997,126],{"class":109},[55,110999,9346],{"class":65},[55,111001,111002,111004,111006,111008,111010,111012,111014,111016,111018,111020,111022],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,111003,107134],{"class":902},[55,111005,906],{"class":703},[55,111007,10529],{"class":65},[55,111009,126],{"class":109},[55,111011,17505],{"class":129},[55,111013,126],{"class":109},[55,111015,163],{"class":65},[55,111017,793],{"class":109},[55,111019,22576],{"class":129},[55,111021,126],{"class":109},[55,111023,9346],{"class":65},[55,111025,111026],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,111027,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,111029,111030,111032,111034,111036,111038,111040,111042,111044],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,111031,2534],{"class":902},[55,111033,906],{"class":703},[55,111035,107176],{"class":902},[55,111037,29],{"class":65},[55,111039,110671],{"class":318},[55,111041,66],{"class":65},[55,111043,107185],{"class":318},[55,111045,322],{"class":65},[55,111047,111048],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,111049,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,111051,111052,111054,111056,111058],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,111053,62],{"class":61},[55,111055,66],{"class":65},[55,111057,2569],{"class":318},[55,111059,322],{"class":65},[14,111061,281],{},[46,111063,111065],{"className":48,"code":111064,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'red', 'blue', 'yellow'}\n",[18,111066,111067],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,111068,111069,111071,111073,111075,111077,111079,111081,111083,111085,111087,111089,111091,111093],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,111070,9315],{"class":65},[55,111072,1923],{"class":109},[55,111074,13138],{"class":129},[55,111076,1923],{"class":109},[55,111078,163],{"class":65},[55,111080,1918],{"class":109},[55,111082,13155],{"class":129},[55,111084,1923],{"class":109},[55,111086,163],{"class":65},[55,111088,1918],{"class":109},[55,111090,22576],{"class":129},[55,111092,1923],{"class":109},[55,111094,9346],{"class":65},[14,111096,13455],{},[240,111098,111099,111104,111115],{},[243,111100,111101,111103],{},[18,111102,96569],{}," is in both sets, so it is excluded",[243,111105,111106,4679,111108,111111,111112,111114],{},[18,111107,65465],{},[18,111109,111110],{},"\"blue\""," are only in ",[18,111113,107238],{},", so they stay",[243,111116,111117,111119,111120,111122],{},[18,111118,109877],{}," is only in ",[18,111121,107185],{},", so it stays",[41,111124,111126,10624,111128],{"id":111125},"symmetric_difference-vs-difference",[18,111127,110581],{},[18,111129,100490],{},[14,111131,111132],{},"These two methods are similar, but they do not do the same thing.",[14,111134,111135,790],{},[18,111136,100490],{},[240,111138,111139,111142],{},[243,111140,111141],{},"keeps items only from the first set",[243,111143,111144],{},"ignores unique items from the second set",[14,111146,111147,790],{},[18,111148,110581],{},[240,111150,111151,111154],{},[243,111152,111153],{},"keeps unique items from both sets",[243,111155,111156],{},"removes shared items",[14,111158,358],{},[46,111160,111162],{"className":48,"code":111161,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))            # {1, 2}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[18,111163,111164,111184,111204,111208,111229],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,111165,111166,111168,111170,111172,111174,111176,111178,111180,111182],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,111167,2857],{"class":902},[55,111169,906],{"class":703},[55,111171,10529],{"class":65},[55,111173,93],{"class":75},[55,111175,163],{"class":65},[55,111177,166],{"class":75},[55,111179,163],{"class":65},[55,111181,171],{"class":75},[55,111183,9346],{"class":65},[55,111185,111186,111188,111190,111192,111194,111196,111198,111200,111202],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,111187,2885],{"class":902},[55,111189,906],{"class":703},[55,111191,10529],{"class":65},[55,111193,2366],{"class":75},[55,111195,163],{"class":65},[55,111197,2759],{"class":75},[55,111199,163],{"class":65},[55,111201,4890],{"class":75},[55,111203,9346],{"class":65},[55,111205,111206],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,111207,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,111209,111210,111212,111214,111216,111218,111220,111222,111224,111226],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,111211,62],{"class":61},[55,111213,66],{"class":65},[55,111215,294],{"class":318},[55,111217,29],{"class":65},[55,111219,3115],{"class":318},[55,111221,66],{"class":65},[55,111223,5046],{"class":318},[55,111225,5645],{"class":65},[55,111227,111228],{"class":3956},"            # {1, 2}\n",[55,111230,111231,111233,111235,111237,111239,111241,111243,111245,111247],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,111232,62],{"class":61},[55,111234,66],{"class":65},[55,111236,294],{"class":318},[55,111238,29],{"class":65},[55,111240,110671],{"class":318},[55,111242,66],{"class":65},[55,111244,5046],{"class":318},[55,111246,5645],{"class":65},[55,111248,110690],{"class":3956},[14,111250,18745],{},[240,111252,111253,111260],{},[243,111254,111255,111259],{},[294,111256,111257],{"href":102916},[18,111258,100490],{}," for a one-sided comparison",[243,111261,111262,111264],{},[18,111263,110581],{}," for a two-sided comparison",[41,111266,111268,10624,111270],{"id":111267},"symmetric_difference-vs-union",[18,111269,110581],{},[18,111271,102875],{},[14,111273,111274,111276],{},[18,111275,102875],{}," combines both sets.",[14,111278,111279,111281],{},[18,111280,110581],{}," only keeps non-shared values.",[14,111283,358],{},[46,111285,111287],{"className":48,"code":111286,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.union(b))                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[18,111288,111289,111309,111329,111333,111355],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,111290,111291,111293,111295,111297,111299,111301,111303,111305,111307],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,111292,2857],{"class":902},[55,111294,906],{"class":703},[55,111296,10529],{"class":65},[55,111298,93],{"class":75},[55,111300,163],{"class":65},[55,111302,166],{"class":75},[55,111304,163],{"class":65},[55,111306,171],{"class":75},[55,111308,9346],{"class":65},[55,111310,111311,111313,111315,111317,111319,111321,111323,111325,111327],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,111312,2885],{"class":902},[55,111314,906],{"class":703},[55,111316,10529],{"class":65},[55,111318,2366],{"class":75},[55,111320,163],{"class":65},[55,111322,2759],{"class":75},[55,111324,163],{"class":65},[55,111326,4890],{"class":75},[55,111328,9346],{"class":65},[55,111330,111331],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,111332,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,111334,111335,111337,111339,111341,111343,111346,111348,111350,111352],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,111336,62],{"class":61},[55,111338,66],{"class":65},[55,111340,294],{"class":318},[55,111342,29],{"class":65},[55,111344,111345],{"class":318},"union",[55,111347,66],{"class":65},[55,111349,5046],{"class":318},[55,111351,5645],{"class":65},[55,111353,111354],{"class":3956},"                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[55,111356,111357,111359,111361,111363,111365,111367,111369,111371,111373],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,111358,62],{"class":61},[55,111360,66],{"class":65},[55,111362,294],{"class":318},[55,111364,29],{"class":65},[55,111366,110671],{"class":318},[55,111368,66],{"class":65},[55,111370,5046],{"class":318},[55,111372,5645],{"class":65},[55,111374,110690],{"class":3956},[14,111376,27275],{},[240,111378,111379,111384],{},[243,111380,111381,111383],{},[18,111382,102875],{}," includes everything",[243,111385,111386,111388],{},[18,111387,110581],{}," excludes values found in both sets",[14,111390,18745],{},[240,111392,111393,111400],{},[243,111394,111395,111399],{},[294,111396,111397],{"href":107806},[18,111398,102875],{}," when overlap does not matter",[243,111401,111402,111404],{},[18,111403,110581],{}," when you want non-matching values only",[41,111406,36674,111408,101674],{"id":111407},"using-the-operator",[18,111409,111410],{},"^",[14,111412,111413,111414,111416,111417,29],{},"For sets, the ",[18,111415,111410],{}," operator gives the same result as ",[18,111418,110581],{},[14,111420,358],{},[46,111422,111424],{"className":48,"code":111423,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\n",[18,111425,111426,111446,111466,111470,111488],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,111427,111428,111430,111432,111434,111436,111438,111440,111442,111444],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,111429,110777],{"class":902},[55,111431,906],{"class":703},[55,111433,10529],{"class":65},[55,111435,93],{"class":75},[55,111437,163],{"class":65},[55,111439,166],{"class":75},[55,111441,163],{"class":65},[55,111443,171],{"class":75},[55,111445,9346],{"class":65},[55,111447,111448,111450,111452,111454,111456,111458,111460,111462,111464],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,111449,110798],{"class":902},[55,111451,906],{"class":703},[55,111453,10529],{"class":65},[55,111455,2366],{"class":75},[55,111457,163],{"class":65},[55,111459,2759],{"class":75},[55,111461,163],{"class":65},[55,111463,4890],{"class":75},[55,111465,9346],{"class":65},[55,111467,111468],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,111469,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,111471,111472,111474,111476,111478,111480,111482,111484,111486],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,111473,62],{"class":61},[55,111475,66],{"class":65},[55,111477,100661],{"class":318},[55,111479,29],{"class":65},[55,111481,110671],{"class":318},[55,111483,66],{"class":65},[55,111485,100670],{"class":318},[55,111487,79],{"class":65},[55,111489,111490,111492,111494,111496,111498,111501],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,111491,62],{"class":61},[55,111493,66],{"class":65},[55,111495,110777],{"class":318},[55,111497,111410],{"class":703},[55,111499,111500],{"class":318}," set2",[55,111502,322],{"class":65},[14,111504,30085],{},[46,111506,111508],{"className":48,"code":111507,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[18,111509,111510,111530],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,111511,111512,111514,111516,111518,111520,111522,111524,111526,111528],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,111513,9315],{"class":65},[55,111515,93],{"class":75},[55,111517,163],{"class":65},[55,111519,166],{"class":75},[55,111521,163],{"class":65},[55,111523,2759],{"class":75},[55,111525,163],{"class":65},[55,111527,4890],{"class":75},[55,111529,9346],{"class":65},[55,111531,111532,111534,111536,111538,111540,111542,111544,111546,111548],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,111533,9315],{"class":65},[55,111535,93],{"class":75},[55,111537,163],{"class":65},[55,111539,166],{"class":75},[55,111541,163],{"class":65},[55,111543,2759],{"class":75},[55,111545,163],{"class":65},[55,111547,4890],{"class":75},[55,111549,9346],{"class":65},[14,111551,111552],{},"Both forms:",[240,111554,111555,111558],{},[243,111556,111557],{},"return a new set",[243,111559,111560],{},"do not change the original sets",[14,111562,111563],{},"For beginners, the method form is often easier to read because the name explains what it does.",[41,111565,4803],{"id":4802},[14,111567,21263,111568,790],{},[18,111569,110581],{},[240,111571,111572,111580,111590,111605],{},[243,111573,111574,111577,111579],{},[435,111575,111576],{},"Expecting sorted output",[9884,111578],{},"\nSets are unordered, so the result may print in a different order than you expect.",[243,111581,111582,111585,111587,111589],{},[435,111583,111584],{},"Thinking the original set is changed",[9884,111586],{},[18,111588,110581],{}," returns a new set. It does not modify the original set.",[243,111591,111592,111597,111599,111601,111602,111604],{},[435,111593,111594,111595],{},"Confusing it with ",[18,111596,100490],{},[9884,111598],{},[18,111600,100490],{}," only keeps items from the first set. ",[18,111603,110581],{}," keeps unique items from both sets.",[243,111606,111607,111610,111612],{},[435,111608,111609],{},"Forgetting that sets remove duplicates",[9884,111611],{},"\nA set only stores unique values. If your original data has repeated values, they will appear only once.",[14,111614,58933],{},[240,111616,111617,111626,111629,111632],{},[243,111618,50560,111619,44696,111621,111625],{},[18,111620,110581],{},[294,111622,111623],{"href":107806},[18,111624,102875],{}," is actually needed",[243,111627,111628],{},"comparing lists instead of converting them to sets first",[243,111630,111631],{},"assuming repeated values will appear multiple times in the result",[243,111633,111634],{},"being confused by output order",[14,111636,111637,111638,29],{},"If you are starting with a list and want unique values first, see ",[294,111639,99154],{"href":105419},[14,111641,62367],{},[46,111643,111645],{"className":48,"code":111644,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(set1)\nprint(set2)\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\nprint(type(set1))\nprint(type(set2))\n",[18,111646,111647,111657,111667,111685,111699,111713],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,111648,111649,111651,111653,111655],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,111650,62],{"class":61},[55,111652,66],{"class":65},[55,111654,100661],{"class":318},[55,111656,322],{"class":65},[55,111658,111659,111661,111663,111665],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,111660,62],{"class":61},[55,111662,66],{"class":65},[55,111664,100670],{"class":318},[55,111666,322],{"class":65},[55,111668,111669,111671,111673,111675,111677,111679,111681,111683],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,111670,62],{"class":61},[55,111672,66],{"class":65},[55,111674,100661],{"class":318},[55,111676,29],{"class":65},[55,111678,110671],{"class":318},[55,111680,66],{"class":65},[55,111682,100670],{"class":318},[55,111684,79],{"class":65},[55,111686,111687,111689,111691,111693,111695,111697],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,111688,62],{"class":61},[55,111690,66],{"class":65},[55,111692,110777],{"class":318},[55,111694,111410],{"class":703},[55,111696,111500],{"class":318},[55,111698,322],{"class":65},[55,111700,111701,111703,111705,111707,111709,111711],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,111702,62],{"class":61},[55,111704,66],{"class":65},[55,111706,1879],{"class":69},[55,111708,66],{"class":65},[55,111710,100661],{"class":318},[55,111712,79],{"class":65},[55,111714,111715,111717,111719,111721,111723,111725],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,111716,62],{"class":61},[55,111718,66],{"class":65},[55,111720,1879],{"class":69},[55,111722,66],{"class":65},[55,111724,100670],{"class":318},[55,111726,79],{"class":65},[41,111728,2139],{"id":2138},[889,111730,12748,111732,102815],{"id":111731},"does-symmetric_difference-change-the-original-set",[18,111733,110581],{},[14,111735,102818],{},[889,111737,5466,111739,4679,111741,2794],{"id":111738},"what-is-the-difference-between-symmetric_difference-and-difference",[18,111740,110581],{},[18,111742,100490],{},[14,111744,111745,111747,111748,111750],{},[18,111746,100490],{}," keeps items only from the first set. ",[18,111749,110581],{}," keeps items that appear in exactly one of the two sets.",[889,111752,28383,111754,111756],{"id":111753},"can-i-use-symmetric_difference-with-lists",[18,111755,110581],{}," with lists?",[14,111758,111759],{},"The method is for sets. Convert a list to a set first if needed.",[14,111761,358],{},[46,111763,111765],{"className":48,"code":111764,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"list1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = set(list1).symmetric_difference(set(list2))\nprint(result)\n",[18,111766,111767,111787,111807,111811,111838],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,111768,111769,111771,111773,111775,111777,111779,111781,111783,111785],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,111770,80731],{"class":902},[55,111772,906],{"class":703},[55,111774,909],{"class":65},[55,111776,93],{"class":75},[55,111778,163],{"class":65},[55,111780,166],{"class":75},[55,111782,163],{"class":65},[55,111784,171],{"class":75},[55,111786,924],{"class":65},[55,111788,111789,111791,111793,111795,111797,111799,111801,111803,111805],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,111790,80752],{"class":902},[55,111792,906],{"class":703},[55,111794,909],{"class":65},[55,111796,2366],{"class":75},[55,111798,163],{"class":65},[55,111800,2759],{"class":75},[55,111802,163],{"class":65},[55,111804,4890],{"class":75},[55,111806,924],{"class":65},[55,111808,111809],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,111810,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,111812,111813,111815,111817,111819,111821,111824,111826,111828,111830,111832,111834,111836],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,111814,2534],{"class":902},[55,111816,906],{"class":703},[55,111818,15681],{"class":69},[55,111820,66],{"class":65},[55,111822,111823],{"class":318},"list1",[55,111825,1777],{"class":65},[55,111827,110671],{"class":318},[55,111829,66],{"class":65},[55,111831,576],{"class":69},[55,111833,66],{"class":65},[55,111835,81018],{"class":318},[55,111837,79],{"class":65},[55,111839,111840,111842,111844,111846],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,111841,62],{"class":61},[55,111843,66],{"class":65},[55,111845,2569],{"class":318},[55,111847,322],{"class":65},[14,111849,281],{},[46,111851,111852],{"className":48,"code":110852,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,111853,111854],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,111855,111856,111858,111860,111862,111864,111866,111868,111870,111872],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,111857,9315],{"class":65},[55,111859,93],{"class":75},[55,111861,163],{"class":65},[55,111863,166],{"class":75},[55,111865,163],{"class":65},[55,111867,2759],{"class":75},[55,111869,163],{"class":65},[55,111871,4890],{"class":75},[55,111873,9346],{"class":65},[889,111875,111877],{"id":111876},"why-does-the-output-order-look-random","Why does the output order look random?",[14,111879,111880],{},"Sets are unordered, so Python does not guarantee item order.",[41,111882,2193],{"id":2192},[240,111884,111885,111889,111894,111900,111906],{},[243,111886,111887],{},[294,111888,96404],{"href":96403},[243,111890,111891],{},[294,111892,111893],{"href":96407},"Creating a set in Python",[243,111895,111896],{},[294,111897,96890,111898,10780],{"href":102916},[18,111899,100490],{},[243,111901,111902],{},[294,111903,96890,111904,10780],{"href":107806},[18,111905,102875],{},[243,111907,111908],{},[294,111909,100420],{"href":105419},[14,111911,111912,111913,2493,111915,17121,111917,111919],{},"If you are learning set methods, compare ",[18,111914,100490],{},[18,111916,102875],{},[18,111918,110581],{}," side by side. That makes it much easier to choose the right one for real tasks.",[2226,111921,57312],{},{"title":51,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":111923},[111924,111925,111927,111928,111929,111930,111932,111934,111936,111937,111946],{"id":43,"depth":82,"text":44},{"id":110696,"depth":82,"text":111926},"What symmetric_difference() does",{"id":2459,"depth":82,"text":2460},{"id":110877,"depth":82,"text":110878},{"id":11516,"depth":82,"text":11517},{"id":111125,"depth":82,"text":111931},"symmetric_difference() vs difference()",{"id":111267,"depth":82,"text":111933},"symmetric_difference() vs union()",{"id":111407,"depth":82,"text":111935},"Using the ^ operator",{"id":4802,"depth":82,"text":4803},{"id":2138,"depth":82,"text":2139,"children":111938},[111939,111941,111943,111945],{"id":111731,"depth":98,"text":111940},"Does symmetric_difference() change the original set?",{"id":111738,"depth":98,"text":111942},"What is the difference between symmetric_difference() and difference()?",{"id":111753,"depth":98,"text":111944},"Can I use symmetric_difference() with lists?",{"id":111876,"depth":98,"text":111877},{"id":2192,"depth":82,"text":2193},"Master python set symmetric_difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method",{"title":110573,"description":111947},"reference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method","lpKe_do_U0RkRSxaS1njn8pocrqwUs1i7_KsXGGWZm4",{"id":111954,"title":111955,"body":111956,"description":114019,"extension":2267,"meta":114020,"navigation":1121,"path":107806,"seo":114021,"stem":114022,"__hash__":114023},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method.md","Python Set union() Method",{"type":7,"value":111957,"toc":113978},[111958,111963,111968,111971,111984,111986,112068,112073,112078,112082,112094,112097,112101,112103,112130,112132,112143,112146,112215,112217,112223,112226,112236,112238,112327,112332,112334,112341,112344,112346,112349,112469,112471,112540,112543,112560,112565,112568,112684,112686,112715,112718,112724,112729,112733,112814,112816,112844,112849,112853,112948,112950,112991,112995,112998,113065,113067,113108,113114,113129,113136,113143,113147,113153,113239,113243,113251,113322,113327,113334,113336,113342,113344,113409,113411,113427,113432,113435,113504,113508,113511,113570,113573,113577,113630,113643,113646,113699,113703,113705,113736,113739,113744,113797,113801,113804,113825,113837,113839,113892,113894,113899,113901,113907,113910,113916,113921,113925,113928,113936,113945,113947,113975],[10,111959,3871,111961,11363],{"id":111960},"python-setunion-method",[18,111962,108119],{},[14,111964,111965,111967],{},[18,111966,108119],{}," combines items from one set with items from one or more other iterables.",[14,111969,111970],{},"It is useful when you want:",[240,111972,111973,111976,111981],{},[243,111974,111975],{},"all unique values from multiple collections",[243,111977,2857,111978,111980],{},[435,111979,100845],{}," as the result",[243,111982,111983],{},"to keep the original set unchanged",[41,111985,2308],{"id":2307},[46,111987,111989],{"className":48,"code":111988,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2)\nprint(result)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[18,111990,111991,112011,112031,112035,112053,112063],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,111992,111993,111995,111997,111999,112001,112003,112005,112007,112009],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,111994,110777],{"class":902},[55,111996,906],{"class":703},[55,111998,10529],{"class":65},[55,112000,93],{"class":75},[55,112002,163],{"class":65},[55,112004,166],{"class":75},[55,112006,163],{"class":65},[55,112008,171],{"class":75},[55,112010,9346],{"class":65},[55,112012,112013,112015,112017,112019,112021,112023,112025,112027,112029],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,112014,110798],{"class":902},[55,112016,906],{"class":703},[55,112018,10529],{"class":65},[55,112020,2366],{"class":75},[55,112022,163],{"class":65},[55,112024,2759],{"class":75},[55,112026,163],{"class":65},[55,112028,4890],{"class":75},[55,112030,9346],{"class":65},[55,112032,112033],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,112034,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,112036,112037,112039,112041,112043,112045,112047,112049,112051],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,112038,2534],{"class":902},[55,112040,906],{"class":703},[55,112042,110827],{"class":902},[55,112044,29],{"class":65},[55,112046,111345],{"class":318},[55,112048,66],{"class":65},[55,112050,100670],{"class":318},[55,112052,322],{"class":65},[55,112054,112055,112057,112059,112061],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,112056,62],{"class":61},[55,112058,66],{"class":65},[55,112060,2569],{"class":318},[55,112062,322],{"class":65},[55,112064,112065],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,112066,112067],{"class":3956},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[14,112069,112070,112072],{},[18,112071,102875],{}," returns a new set containing all unique items from both sets.",[41,112074,3970,112076,3973],{"id":112075},"what-setunion-does",[18,112077,108119],{},[14,112079,112080,790],{},[18,112081,108119],{},[240,112083,112084,112087,112090,112092],{},[243,112085,112086],{},"combines items from one set and one or more other iterables",[243,112088,112089],{},"keeps only unique values",[243,112091,110707],{},[243,112093,110716],{},[14,112095,112096],{},"If the same value appears more than once, it will appear only once in the result.",[14,112098,96400,112099,29],{},[294,112100,96404],{"href":97575},[41,112102,2460],{"id":2459},[46,112104,112106],{"className":48,"code":112105,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"set1.union(set2, set3, ...)\n",[18,112107,112108],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,112109,112110,112112,112114,112116,112118,112120,112122,112124,112126,112128],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,112111,100661],{"class":902},[55,112113,29],{"class":65},[55,112115,111345],{"class":318},[55,112117,66],{"class":65},[55,112119,100670],{"class":318},[55,112121,163],{"class":65},[55,112123,100697],{"class":318},[55,112125,163],{"class":65},[55,112127,34512],{"class":61},[55,112129,322],{"class":65},[14,112131,13097],{},[240,112133,112134,112137,112140],{},[243,112135,112136],{},"You can pass one or more arguments.",[243,112138,112139],{},"Each argument can be a set or another iterable.",[243,112141,112142],{},"The method returns a new set with all unique items.",[14,112144,112145],{},"Example with two sets:",[46,112147,112149],{"className":48,"code":112148,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\nprint(result)\n",[18,112150,112151,112167,112183,112187,112205],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,112152,112153,112155,112157,112159,112161,112163,112165],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,112154,2857],{"class":902},[55,112156,906],{"class":703},[55,112158,10529],{"class":65},[55,112160,93],{"class":75},[55,112162,163],{"class":65},[55,112164,166],{"class":75},[55,112166,9346],{"class":65},[55,112168,112169,112171,112173,112175,112177,112179,112181],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,112170,2885],{"class":902},[55,112172,906],{"class":703},[55,112174,10529],{"class":65},[55,112176,707],{"class":75},[55,112178,163],{"class":65},[55,112180,171],{"class":75},[55,112182,9346],{"class":65},[55,112184,112185],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,112186,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,112188,112189,112191,112193,112195,112197,112199,112201,112203],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,112190,2534],{"class":902},[55,112192,906],{"class":703},[55,112194,56958],{"class":902},[55,112196,29],{"class":65},[55,112198,111345],{"class":318},[55,112200,66],{"class":65},[55,112202,5046],{"class":318},[55,112204,322],{"class":65},[55,112206,112207,112209,112211,112213],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,112208,62],{"class":61},[55,112210,66],{"class":65},[55,112212,2569],{"class":318},[55,112214,322],{"class":65},[41,112216,22022],{"id":22021},[14,112218,112219,100842,112221,29],{},[18,112220,108119],{},[435,112222,100845],{},[14,112224,112225],{},"That returned set contains every unique item found in:",[240,112227,112228,112231],{},[243,112229,112230],{},"the original set",[243,112232,112233,112234],{},"all arguments passed to ",[18,112235,102875],{},[14,112237,358],{},[46,112239,112241],{"className":48,"code":112240,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\n\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)       # {1, 2}\n",[18,112242,112243,112259,112275,112279,112297,112301,112314],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,112244,112245,112247,112249,112251,112253,112255,112257],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,112246,2857],{"class":902},[55,112248,906],{"class":703},[55,112250,10529],{"class":65},[55,112252,93],{"class":75},[55,112254,163],{"class":65},[55,112256,166],{"class":75},[55,112258,9346],{"class":65},[55,112260,112261,112263,112265,112267,112269,112271,112273],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,112262,2885],{"class":902},[55,112264,906],{"class":703},[55,112266,10529],{"class":65},[55,112268,707],{"class":75},[55,112270,163],{"class":65},[55,112272,171],{"class":75},[55,112274,9346],{"class":65},[55,112276,112277],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,112278,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,112280,112281,112283,112285,112287,112289,112291,112293,112295],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,112282,2534],{"class":902},[55,112284,906],{"class":703},[55,112286,56958],{"class":902},[55,112288,29],{"class":65},[55,112290,111345],{"class":318},[55,112292,66],{"class":65},[55,112294,5046],{"class":318},[55,112296,322],{"class":65},[55,112298,112299],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,112300,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,112302,112303,112305,112307,112309,112311],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,112304,62],{"class":61},[55,112306,66],{"class":65},[55,112308,2569],{"class":318},[55,112310,3953],{"class":65},[55,112312,112313],{"class":3956},"  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[55,112315,112316,112318,112320,112322,112324],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,112317,62],{"class":61},[55,112319,66],{"class":65},[55,112321,294],{"class":318},[55,112323,3953],{"class":65},[55,112325,112326],{"class":3956},"       # {1, 2}\n",[14,112328,2591,112329,112331],{},[18,112330,294],{}," did not change.",[14,112333,110949],{},[240,112335,112336,112338],{},[243,112337,110954],{},[243,112339,112340],{},"printed output order is not guaranteed",[14,112342,112343],{},"So you may see the same values in a different order.",[41,112345,11517],{"id":11516},[14,112347,112348],{},"Here is a basic example with overlapping values:",[46,112350,112352],{"className":48,"code":112351,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"fruits1 = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits2 = {\"banana\", \"grape\", \"orange\"}\n\nresult = fruits1.union(fruits2)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits1)\n",[18,112353,112354,112387,112420,112424,112444,112448,112458],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,112355,112356,112359,112361,112363,112365,112367,112369,112371,112373,112375,112377,112379,112381,112383,112385],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,112357,112358],{"class":902},"fruits1 ",[55,112360,906],{"class":703},[55,112362,10529],{"class":65},[55,112364,126],{"class":109},[55,112366,4364],{"class":129},[55,112368,126],{"class":109},[55,112370,163],{"class":65},[55,112372,793],{"class":109},[55,112374,4373],{"class":129},[55,112376,126],{"class":109},[55,112378,163],{"class":65},[55,112380,793],{"class":109},[55,112382,33278],{"class":129},[55,112384,126],{"class":109},[55,112386,9346],{"class":65},[55,112388,112389,112392,112394,112396,112398,112400,112402,112404,112406,112408,112410,112412,112414,112416,112418],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,112390,112391],{"class":902},"fruits2 ",[55,112393,906],{"class":703},[55,112395,10529],{"class":65},[55,112397,126],{"class":109},[55,112399,4373],{"class":129},[55,112401,126],{"class":109},[55,112403,163],{"class":65},[55,112405,793],{"class":109},[55,112407,22585],{"class":129},[55,112409,126],{"class":109},[55,112411,163],{"class":65},[55,112413,793],{"class":109},[55,112415,33278],{"class":129},[55,112417,126],{"class":109},[55,112419,9346],{"class":65},[55,112421,112422],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,112423,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,112425,112426,112428,112430,112433,112435,112437,112439,112442],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,112427,2534],{"class":902},[55,112429,906],{"class":703},[55,112431,112432],{"class":902}," fruits1",[55,112434,29],{"class":65},[55,112436,111345],{"class":318},[55,112438,66],{"class":65},[55,112440,112441],{"class":318},"fruits2",[55,112443,322],{"class":65},[55,112445,112446],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,112447,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,112449,112450,112452,112454,112456],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,112451,62],{"class":61},[55,112453,66],{"class":65},[55,112455,2569],{"class":318},[55,112457,322],{"class":65},[55,112459,112460,112462,112464,112467],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,112461,62],{"class":61},[55,112463,66],{"class":65},[55,112465,112466],{"class":318},"fruits1",[55,112468,322],{"class":65},[14,112470,30085],{},[46,112472,112474],{"className":48,"code":112473,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple', 'grape'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n",[18,112475,112476,112512],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,112477,112478,112480,112482,112484,112486,112488,112490,112492,112494,112496,112498,112500,112502,112504,112506,112508,112510],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,112479,9315],{"class":65},[55,112481,1923],{"class":109},[55,112483,4373],{"class":129},[55,112485,1923],{"class":109},[55,112487,163],{"class":65},[55,112489,1918],{"class":109},[55,112491,33278],{"class":129},[55,112493,1923],{"class":109},[55,112495,163],{"class":65},[55,112497,1918],{"class":109},[55,112499,4364],{"class":129},[55,112501,1923],{"class":109},[55,112503,163],{"class":65},[55,112505,1918],{"class":109},[55,112507,22585],{"class":129},[55,112509,1923],{"class":109},[55,112511,9346],{"class":65},[55,112513,112514,112516,112518,112520,112522,112524,112526,112528,112530,112532,112534,112536,112538],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,112515,9315],{"class":65},[55,112517,1923],{"class":109},[55,112519,4373],{"class":129},[55,112521,1923],{"class":109},[55,112523,163],{"class":65},[55,112525,1918],{"class":109},[55,112527,33278],{"class":129},[55,112529,1923],{"class":109},[55,112531,163],{"class":65},[55,112533,1918],{"class":109},[55,112535,4364],{"class":129},[55,112537,1923],{"class":109},[55,112539,9346],{"class":65},[14,112541,112542],{},"What this shows:",[240,112544,112545,112552,112555],{},[243,112546,112547,4679,112549,112551],{},[18,112548,65347],{},[18,112550,65774],{}," appear in both sets",[243,112553,112554],{},"they appear only once in the result",[243,112556,112557,112559],{},[18,112558,112466],{}," stays unchanged",[41,112561,1556,112563,101234],{"id":112562},"using-union-with-multiple-sets",[18,112564,102875],{},[14,112566,112567],{},"You can combine three or more sets in one call.",[46,112569,112571],{"className":48,"code":112570,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"set1 = {1, 2}\nset2 = {2, 3}\nset3 = {3, 4}\nset4 = {4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2, set3, set4)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,112572,112573,112589,112605,112622,112639,112643,112670,112674],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,112574,112575,112577,112579,112581,112583,112585,112587],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,112576,110777],{"class":902},[55,112578,906],{"class":703},[55,112580,10529],{"class":65},[55,112582,93],{"class":75},[55,112584,163],{"class":65},[55,112586,166],{"class":75},[55,112588,9346],{"class":65},[55,112590,112591,112593,112595,112597,112599,112601,112603],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,112592,110798],{"class":902},[55,112594,906],{"class":703},[55,112596,10529],{"class":65},[55,112598,707],{"class":75},[55,112600,163],{"class":65},[55,112602,171],{"class":75},[55,112604,9346],{"class":65},[55,112606,112607,112610,112612,112614,112616,112618,112620],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,112608,112609],{"class":902},"set3 ",[55,112611,906],{"class":703},[55,112613,10529],{"class":65},[55,112615,2366],{"class":75},[55,112617,163],{"class":65},[55,112619,2759],{"class":75},[55,112621,9346],{"class":65},[55,112623,112624,112627,112629,112631,112633,112635,112637],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,112625,112626],{"class":902},"set4 ",[55,112628,906],{"class":703},[55,112630,10529],{"class":65},[55,112632,2807],{"class":75},[55,112634,163],{"class":65},[55,112636,4890],{"class":75},[55,112638,9346],{"class":65},[55,112640,112641],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,112642,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,112644,112645,112647,112649,112651,112653,112655,112657,112659,112661,112663,112665,112668],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,112646,2534],{"class":902},[55,112648,906],{"class":703},[55,112650,110827],{"class":902},[55,112652,29],{"class":65},[55,112654,111345],{"class":318},[55,112656,66],{"class":65},[55,112658,100670],{"class":318},[55,112660,163],{"class":65},[55,112662,100697],{"class":318},[55,112664,163],{"class":65},[55,112666,112667],{"class":318}," set4",[55,112669,322],{"class":65},[55,112671,112672],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,112673,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,112675,112676,112678,112680,112682],{"class":57,"line":582},[55,112677,62],{"class":61},[55,112679,66],{"class":65},[55,112681,2569],{"class":318},[55,112683,322],{"class":65},[14,112685,30085],{},[46,112687,112689],{"className":48,"code":112688,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[18,112690,112691],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,112692,112693,112695,112697,112699,112701,112703,112705,112707,112709,112711,112713],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,112694,9315],{"class":65},[55,112696,93],{"class":75},[55,112698,163],{"class":65},[55,112700,166],{"class":75},[55,112702,163],{"class":65},[55,112704,171],{"class":75},[55,112706,163],{"class":65},[55,112708,2759],{"class":75},[55,112710,163],{"class":65},[55,112712,4890],{"class":75},[55,112714,9346],{"class":65},[14,112716,112717],{},"This is useful when collecting unique values from many sources.",[41,112719,1556,112721,112723],{"id":112720},"using-union-with-other-iterables",[18,112722,102875],{}," with other iterables",[14,112725,112726,112728],{},[18,112727,102875],{}," does not only work with sets. It also accepts other iterables such as lists and tuples.",[889,112730,112732],{"id":112731},"with-a-list","With a list",[46,112734,112736],{"className":48,"code":112735,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nmore_numbers = [3, 4, 5, 5]\n\nresult = numbers.union(more_numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[18,112737,112738,112758,112782,112786,112804],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,112739,112740,112742,112744,112746,112748,112750,112752,112754,112756],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,112741,1168],{"class":902},[55,112743,906],{"class":703},[55,112745,10529],{"class":65},[55,112747,93],{"class":75},[55,112749,163],{"class":65},[55,112751,166],{"class":75},[55,112753,163],{"class":65},[55,112755,171],{"class":75},[55,112757,9346],{"class":65},[55,112759,112760,112762,112764,112766,112768,112770,112772,112774,112776,112778,112780],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,112761,61119],{"class":902},[55,112763,906],{"class":703},[55,112765,909],{"class":65},[55,112767,2366],{"class":75},[55,112769,163],{"class":65},[55,112771,2759],{"class":75},[55,112773,163],{"class":65},[55,112775,4890],{"class":75},[55,112777,163],{"class":65},[55,112779,4890],{"class":75},[55,112781,924],{"class":65},[55,112783,112784],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,112785,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,112787,112788,112790,112792,112794,112796,112798,112800,112802],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,112789,2534],{"class":902},[55,112791,906],{"class":703},[55,112793,1196],{"class":902},[55,112795,29],{"class":65},[55,112797,111345],{"class":318},[55,112799,66],{"class":65},[55,112801,61148],{"class":318},[55,112803,322],{"class":65},[55,112805,112806,112808,112810,112812],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,112807,62],{"class":61},[55,112809,66],{"class":65},[55,112811,2569],{"class":318},[55,112813,322],{"class":65},[14,112815,30085],{},[46,112817,112818],{"className":48,"code":112688,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,112819,112820],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,112821,112822,112824,112826,112828,112830,112832,112834,112836,112838,112840,112842],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,112823,9315],{"class":65},[55,112825,93],{"class":75},[55,112827,163],{"class":65},[55,112829,166],{"class":75},[55,112831,163],{"class":65},[55,112833,171],{"class":75},[55,112835,163],{"class":65},[55,112837,2759],{"class":75},[55,112839,163],{"class":65},[55,112841,4890],{"class":75},[55,112843,9346],{"class":65},[14,112845,21029,112846,112848],{},[18,112847,688],{}," appears twice in the list, it appears only once in the result.",[889,112850,112852],{"id":112851},"with-a-tuple","With a tuple",[46,112854,112856],{"className":48,"code":112855,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nmore_letters = (\"b\", \"c\", \"d\")\n\nresult = letters.union(more_letters)\nprint(result)\n",[18,112857,112858,112882,112915,112919,112938],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,112859,112860,112862,112864,112866,112868,112870,112872,112874,112876,112878,112880],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,112861,36151],{"class":902},[55,112863,906],{"class":703},[55,112865,10529],{"class":65},[55,112867,126],{"class":109},[55,112869,294],{"class":129},[55,112871,126],{"class":109},[55,112873,163],{"class":65},[55,112875,793],{"class":109},[55,112877,5046],{"class":129},[55,112879,126],{"class":109},[55,112881,9346],{"class":65},[55,112883,112884,112887,112889,112891,112893,112895,112897,112899,112901,112903,112905,112907,112909,112911,112913],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,112885,112886],{"class":902},"more_letters ",[55,112888,906],{"class":703},[55,112890,9273],{"class":65},[55,112892,126],{"class":109},[55,112894,5046],{"class":129},[55,112896,126],{"class":109},[55,112898,163],{"class":65},[55,112900,793],{"class":109},[55,112902,9777],{"class":129},[55,112904,126],{"class":109},[55,112906,163],{"class":65},[55,112908,793],{"class":109},[55,112910,18818],{"class":129},[55,112912,126],{"class":109},[55,112914,322],{"class":65},[55,112916,112917],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,112918,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,112920,112921,112923,112925,112927,112929,112931,112933,112936],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,112922,2534],{"class":902},[55,112924,906],{"class":703},[55,112926,70169],{"class":902},[55,112928,29],{"class":65},[55,112930,111345],{"class":318},[55,112932,66],{"class":65},[55,112934,112935],{"class":318},"more_letters",[55,112937,322],{"class":65},[55,112939,112940,112942,112944,112946],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,112941,62],{"class":61},[55,112943,66],{"class":65},[55,112945,2569],{"class":318},[55,112947,322],{"class":65},[14,112949,30085],{},[46,112951,112953],{"className":48,"code":112952,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'}\n",[18,112954,112955],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,112956,112957,112959,112961,112963,112965,112967,112969,112971,112973,112975,112977,112979,112981,112983,112985,112987,112989],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,112958,9315],{"class":65},[55,112960,1923],{"class":109},[55,112962,294],{"class":129},[55,112964,1923],{"class":109},[55,112966,163],{"class":65},[55,112968,1918],{"class":109},[55,112970,5046],{"class":129},[55,112972,1923],{"class":109},[55,112974,163],{"class":65},[55,112976,1918],{"class":109},[55,112978,9777],{"class":129},[55,112980,1923],{"class":109},[55,112982,163],{"class":65},[55,112984,1918],{"class":109},[55,112986,18818],{"class":129},[55,112988,1923],{"class":109},[55,112990,9346],{"class":65},[889,112992,112994],{"id":112993},"with-a-string","With a string",[14,112996,112997],{},"A string is treated as an iterable of individual characters.",[46,112999,113001],{"className":48,"code":113000,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"chars = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nresult = chars.union(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,113002,113003,113028,113051,113055],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,113004,113005,113008,113010,113012,113014,113016,113018,113020,113022,113024,113026],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,113006,113007],{"class":902},"chars ",[55,113009,906],{"class":703},[55,113011,10529],{"class":65},[55,113013,126],{"class":109},[55,113015,294],{"class":129},[55,113017,126],{"class":109},[55,113019,163],{"class":65},[55,113021,793],{"class":109},[55,113023,5046],{"class":129},[55,113025,126],{"class":109},[55,113027,9346],{"class":65},[55,113029,113030,113032,113034,113037,113039,113041,113043,113045,113047,113049],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,113031,2534],{"class":902},[55,113033,906],{"class":703},[55,113035,113036],{"class":902}," chars",[55,113038,29],{"class":65},[55,113040,111345],{"class":318},[55,113042,66],{"class":65},[55,113044,126],{"class":109},[55,113046,37109],{"class":129},[55,113048,126],{"class":109},[55,113050,322],{"class":65},[55,113052,113053],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,113054,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,113056,113057,113059,113061,113063],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,113058,62],{"class":61},[55,113060,66],{"class":65},[55,113062,2569],{"class":318},[55,113064,322],{"class":65},[14,113066,30085],{},[46,113068,113070],{"className":48,"code":113069,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 't'}\n",[18,113071,113072],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,113073,113074,113076,113078,113080,113082,113084,113086,113088,113090,113092,113094,113096,113098,113100,113102,113104,113106],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,113075,9315],{"class":65},[55,113077,1923],{"class":109},[55,113079,294],{"class":129},[55,113081,1923],{"class":109},[55,113083,163],{"class":65},[55,113085,1918],{"class":109},[55,113087,5046],{"class":129},[55,113089,1923],{"class":109},[55,113091,163],{"class":65},[55,113093,1918],{"class":109},[55,113095,9777],{"class":129},[55,113097,1923],{"class":109},[55,113099,163],{"class":65},[55,113101,1918],{"class":109},[55,113103,63359],{"class":129},[55,113105,1923],{"class":109},[55,113107,9346],{"class":65},[14,113109,22241,113110,113113],{},[18,113111,113112],{},"\"cat\""," is processed as:",[240,113115,113116,113120,113124],{},[243,113117,113118],{},[18,113119,66554],{},[243,113121,113122],{},[18,113123,18146],{},[243,113125,113126],{},[18,113127,113128],{},"\"t\"",[41,113130,113132,10624,113134],{"id":113131},"union-vs-update",[18,113133,102875],{},[18,113135,15001],{},[14,113137,113138,4679,113140,113142],{},[18,113139,102875],{},[18,113141,15001],{}," are similar, but they behave differently.",[889,113144,113145],{"id":111345},[18,113146,102875],{},[240,113148,113149,113151],{},[243,113150,110707],{},[243,113152,110716],{},[46,113154,113155],{"className":48,"code":112240,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,113156,113157,113173,113189,113193,113211,113215,113227],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,113158,113159,113161,113163,113165,113167,113169,113171],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,113160,2857],{"class":902},[55,113162,906],{"class":703},[55,113164,10529],{"class":65},[55,113166,93],{"class":75},[55,113168,163],{"class":65},[55,113170,166],{"class":75},[55,113172,9346],{"class":65},[55,113174,113175,113177,113179,113181,113183,113185,113187],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,113176,2885],{"class":902},[55,113178,906],{"class":703},[55,113180,10529],{"class":65},[55,113182,707],{"class":75},[55,113184,163],{"class":65},[55,113186,171],{"class":75},[55,113188,9346],{"class":65},[55,113190,113191],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,113192,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,113194,113195,113197,113199,113201,113203,113205,113207,113209],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,113196,2534],{"class":902},[55,113198,906],{"class":703},[55,113200,56958],{"class":902},[55,113202,29],{"class":65},[55,113204,111345],{"class":318},[55,113206,66],{"class":65},[55,113208,5046],{"class":318},[55,113210,322],{"class":65},[55,113212,113213],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,113214,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,113216,113217,113219,113221,113223,113225],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,113218,62],{"class":61},[55,113220,66],{"class":65},[55,113222,2569],{"class":318},[55,113224,3953],{"class":65},[55,113226,112313],{"class":3956},[55,113228,113229,113231,113233,113235,113237],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,113230,62],{"class":61},[55,113232,66],{"class":65},[55,113234,294],{"class":318},[55,113236,3953],{"class":65},[55,113238,112326],{"class":3956},[889,113240,113241],{"id":30520},[18,113242,15001],{},[240,113244,113245,113248],{},[243,113246,113247],{},"changes the existing set in place",[243,113249,113250],{},"does not create a separate result set",[46,113252,113254],{"className":48,"code":113253,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\n\nprint(a)  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[18,113255,113256,113272,113288,113292,113306,113310],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,113257,113258,113260,113262,113264,113266,113268,113270],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,113259,2857],{"class":902},[55,113261,906],{"class":703},[55,113263,10529],{"class":65},[55,113265,93],{"class":75},[55,113267,163],{"class":65},[55,113269,166],{"class":75},[55,113271,9346],{"class":65},[55,113273,113274,113276,113278,113280,113282,113284,113286],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,113275,2885],{"class":902},[55,113277,906],{"class":703},[55,113279,10529],{"class":65},[55,113281,707],{"class":75},[55,113283,163],{"class":65},[55,113285,171],{"class":75},[55,113287,9346],{"class":65},[55,113289,113290],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,113291,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,113293,113294,113296,113298,113300,113302,113304],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,113295,294],{"class":902},[55,113297,29],{"class":65},[55,113299,30520],{"class":318},[55,113301,66],{"class":65},[55,113303,5046],{"class":318},[55,113305,322],{"class":65},[55,113307,113308],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,113309,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,113311,113312,113314,113316,113318,113320],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,113313,62],{"class":61},[55,113315,66],{"class":65},[55,113317,294],{"class":318},[55,113319,3953],{"class":65},[55,113321,112313],{"class":3956},[14,113323,212,113324,113326],{},[18,113325,102875],{}," when you want to keep the original set unchanged.",[14,113328,113329,113330,29],{},"For the in-place version, see ",[294,113331,3871,113332,10780],{"href":98595},[18,113333,97390],{},[41,113335,4803],{"id":4802},[889,113337,1595,113339,113341],{"id":113338},"expecting-union-to-change-the-original-set",[18,113340,102875],{}," to change the original set",[14,113343,81900],{},[46,113345,113347],{"className":48,"code":113346,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[18,113348,113349,113365,113381,113385,113399],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,113350,113351,113353,113355,113357,113359,113361,113363],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,113352,2857],{"class":902},[55,113354,906],{"class":703},[55,113356,10529],{"class":65},[55,113358,93],{"class":75},[55,113360,163],{"class":65},[55,113362,166],{"class":75},[55,113364,9346],{"class":65},[55,113366,113367,113369,113371,113373,113375,113377,113379],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,113368,2885],{"class":902},[55,113370,906],{"class":703},[55,113372,10529],{"class":65},[55,113374,707],{"class":75},[55,113376,163],{"class":65},[55,113378,171],{"class":75},[55,113380,9346],{"class":65},[55,113382,113383],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,113384,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,113386,113387,113389,113391,113393,113395,113397],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,113388,294],{"class":902},[55,113390,29],{"class":65},[55,113392,111345],{"class":318},[55,113394,66],{"class":65},[55,113396,5046],{"class":318},[55,113398,322],{"class":65},[55,113400,113401,113403,113405,113407],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,113402,62],{"class":61},[55,113404,66],{"class":65},[55,113406,294],{"class":318},[55,113408,322],{"class":65},[14,113410,281],{},[46,113412,113413],{"className":48,"code":100583,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,113414,113415],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,113416,113417,113419,113421,113423,113425],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,113418,9315],{"class":65},[55,113420,93],{"class":75},[55,113422,163],{"class":65},[55,113424,166],{"class":75},[55,113426,9346],{"class":65},[14,113428,1638,113429,113431],{},[18,113430,102875],{}," returned a new set, but you did not save it.",[14,113433,113434],{},"Fix it like this:",[46,113436,113438],{"className":48,"code":113437,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na = a.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[18,113439,113440,113456,113472,113476,113494],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,113441,113442,113444,113446,113448,113450,113452,113454],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,113443,2857],{"class":902},[55,113445,906],{"class":703},[55,113447,10529],{"class":65},[55,113449,93],{"class":75},[55,113451,163],{"class":65},[55,113453,166],{"class":75},[55,113455,9346],{"class":65},[55,113457,113458,113460,113462,113464,113466,113468,113470],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,113459,2885],{"class":902},[55,113461,906],{"class":703},[55,113463,10529],{"class":65},[55,113465,707],{"class":75},[55,113467,163],{"class":65},[55,113469,171],{"class":75},[55,113471,9346],{"class":65},[55,113473,113474],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,113475,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,113477,113478,113480,113482,113484,113486,113488,113490,113492],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,113479,2857],{"class":902},[55,113481,906],{"class":703},[55,113483,56958],{"class":902},[55,113485,29],{"class":65},[55,113487,111345],{"class":318},[55,113489,66],{"class":65},[55,113491,5046],{"class":318},[55,113493,322],{"class":65},[55,113495,113496,113498,113500,113502],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,113497,62],{"class":61},[55,113499,66],{"class":65},[55,113501,294],{"class":318},[55,113503,322],{"class":65},[889,113505,113507],{"id":113506},"assuming-the-result-keeps-insertion-order","Assuming the result keeps insertion order",[14,113509,113510],{},"Sets are unordered. Do not rely on the printed order.",[46,113512,113514],{"className":48,"code":113513,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = {3, 1}\nb = {2, 4}\n\nprint(a.union(b))\n",[18,113515,113516,113532,113548,113552],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,113517,113518,113520,113522,113524,113526,113528,113530],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,113519,2857],{"class":902},[55,113521,906],{"class":703},[55,113523,10529],{"class":65},[55,113525,2366],{"class":75},[55,113527,163],{"class":65},[55,113529,5782],{"class":75},[55,113531,9346],{"class":65},[55,113533,113534,113536,113538,113540,113542,113544,113546],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,113535,2885],{"class":902},[55,113537,906],{"class":703},[55,113539,10529],{"class":65},[55,113541,707],{"class":75},[55,113543,163],{"class":65},[55,113545,2759],{"class":75},[55,113547,9346],{"class":65},[55,113549,113550],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,113551,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,113553,113554,113556,113558,113560,113562,113564,113566,113568],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,113555,62],{"class":61},[55,113557,66],{"class":65},[55,113559,294],{"class":318},[55,113561,29],{"class":65},[55,113563,111345],{"class":318},[55,113565,66],{"class":65},[55,113567,5046],{"class":318},[55,113569,79],{"class":65},[14,113571,113572],{},"The values may not appear in the order you expect.",[889,113574,113576],{"id":113575},"passing-a-string-and-forgetting-it-becomes-characters","Passing a string and forgetting it becomes characters",[46,113578,113580],{"className":48,"code":113579,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union(\"cat\")\nprint(result)\n",[18,113581,113582,113598,113620],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,113583,113584,113586,113588,113590,113592,113594,113596],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,113585,4355],{"class":902},[55,113587,906],{"class":703},[55,113589,10529],{"class":65},[55,113591,126],{"class":109},[55,113593,58198],{"class":129},[55,113595,126],{"class":109},[55,113597,9346],{"class":65},[55,113599,113600,113602,113604,113606,113608,113610,113612,113614,113616,113618],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,113601,2534],{"class":902},[55,113603,906],{"class":703},[55,113605,6447],{"class":902},[55,113607,29],{"class":65},[55,113609,111345],{"class":318},[55,113611,66],{"class":65},[55,113613,126],{"class":109},[55,113615,37109],{"class":129},[55,113617,126],{"class":109},[55,113619,322],{"class":65},[55,113621,113622,113624,113626,113628],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,113623,62],{"class":61},[55,113625,66],{"class":65},[55,113627,2569],{"class":318},[55,113629,322],{"class":65},[14,113631,113632,113633,2493,113635,17121,113637,113639,113640,113642],{},"This adds ",[18,113634,66554],{},[18,113636,18146],{},[18,113638,113128],{}," as separate items, not ",[18,113641,113112],{}," as one item.",[14,113644,113645],{},"If you want the whole string as one item, put it inside another iterable:",[46,113647,113649],{"className":48,"code":113648,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union([\"cat\"])\nprint(result)\n",[18,113650,113651,113667,113689],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,113652,113653,113655,113657,113659,113661,113663,113665],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,113654,4355],{"class":902},[55,113656,906],{"class":703},[55,113658,10529],{"class":65},[55,113660,126],{"class":109},[55,113662,58198],{"class":129},[55,113664,126],{"class":109},[55,113666,9346],{"class":65},[55,113668,113669,113671,113673,113675,113677,113679,113681,113683,113685,113687],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,113670,2534],{"class":902},[55,113672,906],{"class":703},[55,113674,6447],{"class":902},[55,113676,29],{"class":65},[55,113678,111345],{"class":318},[55,113680,158],{"class":65},[55,113682,126],{"class":109},[55,113684,37109],{"class":129},[55,113686,126],{"class":109},[55,113688,4174],{"class":65},[55,113690,113691,113693,113695,113697],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,113692,62],{"class":61},[55,113694,66],{"class":65},[55,113696,2569],{"class":318},[55,113698,322],{"class":65},[889,113700,113702],{"id":113701},"trying-to-use-unhashable-values-like-lists-inside-a-set","Trying to use unhashable values like lists inside a set",[14,113704,3139],{},[46,113706,113708],{"className":48,"code":113707,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_set = {1, 2, [3, 4]}\n",[18,113709,113710],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,113711,113712,113714,113716,113718,113720,113722,113724,113726,113728,113730,113732,113734],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,113713,15676],{"class":902},[55,113715,906],{"class":703},[55,113717,10529],{"class":65},[55,113719,93],{"class":75},[55,113721,163],{"class":65},[55,113723,166],{"class":75},[55,113725,163],{"class":65},[55,113727,909],{"class":65},[55,113729,2366],{"class":75},[55,113731,163],{"class":65},[55,113733,2759],{"class":75},[55,113735,13752],{"class":65},[14,113737,113738],{},"Lists cannot be set items because they are mutable and unhashable.",[14,113740,113741,113742,790],{},"But a list can be used as an argument to ",[18,113743,102875],{},[46,113745,113747],{"className":48,"code":113746,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.union([3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[18,113748,113749,113765,113787],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,113750,113751,113753,113755,113757,113759,113761,113763],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,113752,15676],{"class":902},[55,113754,906],{"class":703},[55,113756,10529],{"class":65},[55,113758,93],{"class":75},[55,113760,163],{"class":65},[55,113762,166],{"class":75},[55,113764,9346],{"class":65},[55,113766,113767,113769,113771,113773,113775,113777,113779,113781,113783,113785],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,113768,2534],{"class":902},[55,113770,906],{"class":703},[55,113772,97000],{"class":902},[55,113774,29],{"class":65},[55,113776,111345],{"class":318},[55,113778,158],{"class":65},[55,113780,2366],{"class":75},[55,113782,163],{"class":65},[55,113784,2759],{"class":75},[55,113786,4174],{"class":65},[55,113788,113789,113791,113793,113795],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,113790,62],{"class":61},[55,113792,66],{"class":65},[55,113794,2569],{"class":318},[55,113796,322],{"class":65},[41,113798,113800],{"id":113799},"common-causes-of-confusion","Common causes of confusion",[14,113802,113803],{},"Beginners often run into problems because they:",[240,113805,113806,113812,113819,113822],{},[243,113807,113808,113809,113811],{},"call ",[18,113810,102875],{}," without saving the returned set",[243,113813,113814,113815,1851,113817],{},"confuse ",[18,113816,102875],{},[18,113818,15001],{},[243,113820,113821],{},"expect duplicates to remain in the result",[243,113823,113824],{},"use a list as a set item instead of as an iterable argument",[14,113826,113827,113828,4679,113832,29],{},"If you need a different set operation, compare this method with ",[294,113829,3871,113830,10780],{"href":102864},[18,113831,106649],{},[294,113833,3871,113835,10780],{"href":113834},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method\u002F",[18,113836,100495],{},[14,113838,62367],{},[46,113840,113842],{"className":48,"code":113841,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(result)\nhelp(set.union)\n",[18,113843,113844,113854,113868,113878],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,113845,113846,113848,113850,113852],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,113847,62],{"class":61},[55,113849,66],{"class":65},[55,113851,15714],{"class":318},[55,113853,322],{"class":65},[55,113855,113856,113858,113860,113862,113864,113866],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,113857,62],{"class":61},[55,113859,66],{"class":65},[55,113861,1879],{"class":69},[55,113863,66],{"class":65},[55,113865,15714],{"class":318},[55,113867,79],{"class":65},[55,113869,113870,113872,113874,113876],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,113871,62],{"class":61},[55,113873,66],{"class":65},[55,113875,2569],{"class":318},[55,113877,322],{"class":65},[55,113879,113880,113882,113884,113886,113888,113890],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,113881,32209],{"class":61},[55,113883,66],{"class":65},[55,113885,576],{"class":69},[55,113887,29],{"class":65},[55,113889,111345],{"class":24803},[55,113891,322],{"class":65},[41,113893,2139],{"id":2138},[889,113895,12748,113897,102815],{"id":113896},"does-setunion-change-the-original-set",[18,113898,108119],{},[14,113900,102818],{},[889,113902,5456,113904,113906],{"id":113903},"can-union-combine-more-than-two-sets",[18,113905,102875],{}," combine more than two sets?",[14,113908,113909],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables in one call.",[889,113911,28383,113913,113915],{"id":113912},"can-i-use-union-with-a-list-or-tuple",[18,113914,102875],{}," with a list or tuple?",[14,113917,42217,113918,113920],{},[18,113919,102875],{}," accepts other iterables, not just sets.",[889,113922,113924],{"id":113923},"why-is-the-output-order-different-from-my-input","Why is the output order different from my input?",[14,113926,113927],{},"Sets are unordered, so their printed order is not guaranteed.",[889,113929,5466,113931,4679,113933,2794],{"id":113930},"what-is-the-difference-between-union-and",[18,113932,102875],{},[18,113934,113935],{},"|",[14,113937,113938,113939,113941,113942,113944],{},"They both combine sets. The ",[18,113940,113935],{}," operator is shorter, but ",[18,113943,102875],{}," can be clearer for beginners.",[41,113946,2193],{"id":2192},[240,113948,113949,113953,113959,113965,113971],{},[243,113950,113951],{},[294,113952,96404],{"href":97575},[243,113954,113955],{},[294,113956,3871,113957,10780],{"href":98595},[18,113958,97390],{},[243,113960,113961],{},[294,113962,3871,113963,10780],{"href":102864},[18,113964,106649],{},[243,113966,113967],{},[294,113968,3871,113969,10780],{"href":113834},[18,113970,100495],{},[243,113972,113973],{},[294,113974,100420],{"href":99153},[2226,113976,113977],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":113979},[113980,113981,113983,113984,113985,113986,113988,113994,113999,114006,114007,114018],{"id":2307,"depth":82,"text":2308},{"id":112075,"depth":82,"text":113982},"What set.union() does",{"id":2459,"depth":82,"text":2460},{"id":22021,"depth":82,"text":22022},{"id":11516,"depth":82,"text":11517},{"id":112562,"depth":82,"text":113987},"Using union() with multiple sets",{"id":112720,"depth":82,"text":113989,"children":113990},"Using union() with other iterables",[113991,113992,113993],{"id":112731,"depth":98,"text":112732},{"id":112851,"depth":98,"text":112852},{"id":112993,"depth":98,"text":112994},{"id":113131,"depth":82,"text":113995,"children":113996},"union() vs update()",[113997,113998],{"id":111345,"depth":98,"text":102875},{"id":30520,"depth":98,"text":15001},{"id":4802,"depth":82,"text":4803,"children":114000},[114001,114003,114004,114005],{"id":113338,"depth":98,"text":114002},"Expecting union() to change the original set",{"id":113506,"depth":98,"text":113507},{"id":113575,"depth":98,"text":113576},{"id":113701,"depth":98,"text":113702},{"id":113799,"depth":82,"text":113800},{"id":2138,"depth":82,"text":2139,"children":114008},[114009,114011,114013,114015,114016],{"id":113896,"depth":98,"text":114010},"Does set.union() change the original set?",{"id":113903,"depth":98,"text":114012},"Can union() combine more than two sets?",{"id":113912,"depth":98,"text":114014},"Can I use union() with a list or tuple?",{"id":113923,"depth":98,"text":113924},{"id":113930,"depth":98,"text":114017},"What is the difference between union() and |?",{"id":2192,"depth":82,"text":2193},"Master python set union method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":111955,"description":114019},"reference\u002Fpython-set-union-method","D6cPAK59nZf4j4OQgu4vv6gSQXcaH0E3a84fD3g94Kw",{"id":114025,"title":114026,"body":114027,"description":115916,"extension":2267,"meta":115917,"navigation":1121,"path":96889,"seo":115918,"stem":115919,"__hash__":115920},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method.md","Python Set update() Method",{"type":7,"value":114028,"toc":115882},[114029,114034,114039,114047,114049,114107,114112,114117,114121,114133,114136,114210,114215,114217,114219,114238,114240,114257,114260,114287,114289,114359,114363,114365,114371,114373,114434,114439,114441,114498,114502,114507,114572,114574,114594,114601,114605,114610,114695,114698,114705,114808,114812,114817,114875,114878,114889,114903,114910,114968,114975,114978,114988,114992,115050,115054,115120,115123,115181,115188,115195,115198,115202,115211,115280,115284,115290,115378,115388,115392,115396,115400,115403,115464,115469,115526,115530,115532,115567,115574,115576,115630,115637,115641,115644,115709,115718,115724,115781,115783,115788,115792,115796,115799,115806,115814,115818,115823,115827,115833,115835,115870,115879],[10,114030,96276,114032,11363],{"id":114031},"python-set-update-method",[18,114033,15001],{},[14,114035,114036,114038],{},[18,114037,97390],{}," adds multiple items from another iterable into an existing set.",[14,114040,114041,114042,114046],{},"Use it when you want to change a set in place with values from a list, tuple, set, string, or another iterable. It is different from ",[294,114043,114044],{"href":98576},[18,114045,96284],{},", which adds only one item.",[41,114048,44],{"id":43},[46,114050,114052],{"className":48,"code":114051,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[18,114053,114054,114070,114092,114102],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,114055,114056,114058,114060,114062,114064,114066,114068],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,114057,1168],{"class":902},[55,114059,906],{"class":703},[55,114061,10529],{"class":65},[55,114063,93],{"class":75},[55,114065,163],{"class":65},[55,114067,166],{"class":75},[55,114069,9346],{"class":65},[55,114071,114072,114074,114076,114078,114080,114082,114084,114086,114088,114090],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,114073,332],{"class":902},[55,114075,29],{"class":65},[55,114077,30520],{"class":318},[55,114079,158],{"class":65},[55,114081,707],{"class":75},[55,114083,163],{"class":65},[55,114085,171],{"class":75},[55,114087,163],{"class":65},[55,114089,2759],{"class":75},[55,114091,4174],{"class":65},[55,114093,114094,114096,114098,114100],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,114095,62],{"class":61},[55,114097,66],{"class":65},[55,114099,332],{"class":318},[55,114101,322],{"class":65},[55,114103,114104],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,114105,114106],{"class":3956},"# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[14,114108,212,114109,114111],{},[18,114110,15001],{}," to add multiple items from a list, tuple, set, or other iterable into an existing set.",[41,114113,3970,114115,3973],{"id":114114},"what-setupdate-does",[18,114116,97390],{},[14,114118,114119,790],{},[18,114120,97390],{},[240,114122,114123,114126,114128,114131],{},[243,114124,114125],{},"Adds items from another iterable into the current set",[243,114127,96391],{},[243,114129,114130],{},"Ignores duplicate values automatically",[243,114132,96394],{},[14,114134,114135],{},"This means the set itself is modified.",[46,114137,114139],{"className":48,"code":114138,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.update([\"blue\", \"green\"])\n\nprint(colors)\n# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[18,114140,114141,114165,114191,114195,114205],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,114142,114143,114145,114147,114149,114151,114153,114155,114157,114159,114161,114163],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,114144,13121],{"class":902},[55,114146,906],{"class":703},[55,114148,10529],{"class":65},[55,114150,126],{"class":109},[55,114152,13138],{"class":129},[55,114154,126],{"class":109},[55,114156,163],{"class":65},[55,114158,793],{"class":109},[55,114160,13155],{"class":129},[55,114162,126],{"class":109},[55,114164,9346],{"class":65},[55,114166,114167,114169,114171,114173,114175,114177,114179,114181,114183,114185,114187,114189],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,114168,17552],{"class":902},[55,114170,29],{"class":65},[55,114172,30520],{"class":318},[55,114174,158],{"class":65},[55,114176,126],{"class":109},[55,114178,13155],{"class":129},[55,114180,126],{"class":109},[55,114182,163],{"class":65},[55,114184,793],{"class":109},[55,114186,17505],{"class":129},[55,114188,126],{"class":109},[55,114190,4174],{"class":65},[55,114192,114193],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,114194,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,114196,114197,114199,114201,114203],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,114198,62],{"class":61},[55,114200,66],{"class":65},[55,114202,17552],{"class":318},[55,114204,322],{"class":65},[55,114206,114207],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,114208,114209],{"class":3956},"# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[14,114211,21029,114212,114214],{},[18,114213,111110],{}," was added again, it appears only once because sets store unique values.",[41,114216,2460],{"id":2459},[14,114218,304],{},[46,114220,114222],{"className":48,"code":114221,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_set.update(iterable)\n",[18,114223,114224],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,114225,114226,114228,114230,114232,114234,114236],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,114227,15714],{"class":902},[55,114229,29],{"class":65},[55,114231,30520],{"class":318},[55,114233,66],{"class":65},[55,114235,4014],{"class":318},[55,114237,322],{"class":65},[14,114239,80276],{},[240,114241,114242,114245,114248,114251,114254],{},[243,114243,114244],{},"A list",[243,114246,114247],{},"A tuple",[243,114249,114250],{},"Another set",[243,114252,114253],{},"A string",[243,114255,114256],{},"Any other iterable",[14,114258,114259],{},"You can also pass multiple iterables at once:",[46,114261,114263],{"className":48,"code":114262,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_set.update(a, b, c)\n",[18,114264,114265],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,114266,114267,114269,114271,114273,114275,114277,114279,114281,114283,114285],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,114268,15714],{"class":902},[55,114270,29],{"class":65},[55,114272,30520],{"class":318},[55,114274,66],{"class":65},[55,114276,294],{"class":318},[55,114278,163],{"class":65},[55,114280,2862],{"class":318},[55,114282,163],{"class":65},[55,114284,9719],{"class":318},[55,114286,322],{"class":65},[14,114288,358],{},[46,114290,114292],{"className":48,"code":114291,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = {1}\nvalues.update([2, 3], (4, 5), {6})\n\nprint(values)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[18,114293,114294,114306,114340,114344,114354],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,114295,114296,114298,114300,114302,114304],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,114297,4110],{"class":902},[55,114299,906],{"class":703},[55,114301,10529],{"class":65},[55,114303,93],{"class":75},[55,114305,9346],{"class":65},[55,114307,114308,114310,114312,114314,114316,114318,114320,114322,114324,114326,114328,114330,114332,114334,114336,114338],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,114309,5642],{"class":902},[55,114311,29],{"class":65},[55,114313,30520],{"class":318},[55,114315,158],{"class":65},[55,114317,707],{"class":75},[55,114319,163],{"class":65},[55,114321,171],{"class":75},[55,114323,18112],{"class":65},[55,114325,9273],{"class":65},[55,114327,2807],{"class":75},[55,114329,163],{"class":65},[55,114331,4890],{"class":75},[55,114333,9270],{"class":65},[55,114335,10529],{"class":65},[55,114337,80667],{"class":75},[55,114339,30552],{"class":65},[55,114341,114342],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,114343,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,114345,114346,114348,114350,114352],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,114347,62],{"class":61},[55,114349,66],{"class":65},[55,114351,5642],{"class":318},[55,114353,322],{"class":65},[55,114355,114356],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,114357,114358],{"class":3956},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[14,114360,96400,114361,29],{},[294,114362,96408],{"href":97959},[41,114364,22022],{"id":22021},[14,114366,114367,1265,114369,29],{},[18,114368,97390],{},[18,114370,481],{},[14,114372,11757],{},[46,114374,114376],{"className":48,"code":114375,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = {1, 2}\nresult = numbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[18,114377,114378,114394,114416,114420,114430],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,114379,114380,114382,114384,114386,114388,114390,114392],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,114381,1168],{"class":902},[55,114383,906],{"class":703},[55,114385,10529],{"class":65},[55,114387,93],{"class":75},[55,114389,163],{"class":65},[55,114391,166],{"class":75},[55,114393,9346],{"class":65},[55,114395,114396,114398,114400,114402,114404,114406,114408,114410,114412,114414],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,114397,2534],{"class":902},[55,114399,906],{"class":703},[55,114401,1196],{"class":902},[55,114403,29],{"class":65},[55,114405,30520],{"class":318},[55,114407,158],{"class":65},[55,114409,2366],{"class":75},[55,114411,163],{"class":65},[55,114413,2759],{"class":75},[55,114415,4174],{"class":65},[55,114417,114418],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,114419,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,114421,114422,114424,114426,114428],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,114423,62],{"class":61},[55,114425,66],{"class":65},[55,114427,2569],{"class":318},[55,114429,322],{"class":65},[55,114431,114432],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,114433,61903],{"class":3956},[14,114435,114436,114437,29],{},"The updated values are stored in the original set, not in ",[18,114438,2569],{},[14,114440,19019],{},[46,114442,114444],{"className":48,"code":114443,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[18,114445,114446,114462,114480,114484,114494],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,114447,114448,114450,114452,114454,114456,114458,114460],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,114449,1168],{"class":902},[55,114451,906],{"class":703},[55,114453,10529],{"class":65},[55,114455,93],{"class":75},[55,114457,163],{"class":65},[55,114459,166],{"class":75},[55,114461,9346],{"class":65},[55,114463,114464,114466,114468,114470,114472,114474,114476,114478],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,114465,332],{"class":902},[55,114467,29],{"class":65},[55,114469,30520],{"class":318},[55,114471,158],{"class":65},[55,114473,2366],{"class":75},[55,114475,163],{"class":65},[55,114477,2759],{"class":75},[55,114479,4174],{"class":65},[55,114481,114482],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,114483,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,114485,114486,114488,114490,114492],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,114487,62],{"class":61},[55,114489,66],{"class":65},[55,114491,332],{"class":318},[55,114493,322],{"class":65},[55,114495,114496],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,114497,114106],{"class":3956},[41,114499,114501],{"id":114500},"example-update-with-a-list","Example: update with a list",[14,114503,114504,114505,29],{},"A list is one of the most common things to pass to ",[18,114506,15001],{},[46,114508,114510],{"className":48,"code":114509,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[18,114511,114512,114528,114554,114558,114568],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,114513,114514,114516,114518,114520,114522,114524,114526],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,114515,1168],{"class":902},[55,114517,906],{"class":703},[55,114519,10529],{"class":65},[55,114521,93],{"class":75},[55,114523,163],{"class":65},[55,114525,166],{"class":75},[55,114527,9346],{"class":65},[55,114529,114530,114532,114534,114536,114538,114540,114542,114544,114546,114548,114550,114552],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,114531,332],{"class":902},[55,114533,29],{"class":65},[55,114535,30520],{"class":318},[55,114537,158],{"class":65},[55,114539,707],{"class":75},[55,114541,163],{"class":65},[55,114543,171],{"class":75},[55,114545,163],{"class":65},[55,114547,2759],{"class":75},[55,114549,163],{"class":65},[55,114551,2759],{"class":75},[55,114553,4174],{"class":65},[55,114555,114556],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,114557,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,114559,114560,114562,114564,114566],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,114561,62],{"class":61},[55,114563,66],{"class":65},[55,114565,332],{"class":318},[55,114567,322],{"class":65},[55,114569,114570],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,114571,114106],{"class":3956},[14,114573,11726],{},[240,114575,114576,114581,114588],{},[243,114577,114578,114580],{},[18,114579,707],{}," is already in the set, so nothing changes for that value",[243,114582,114583,4679,114585,114587],{},[18,114584,2366],{},[18,114586,2807],{}," are added",[243,114589,114590,114591,114593],{},"The second ",[18,114592,2807],{}," is ignored because sets do not keep duplicates",[14,114595,114596,114597,114600],{},"This is one reason sets are useful when you want unique values. For example, you can ",[294,114598,114599],{"href":99153},"remove duplicates from a list in Python"," by converting the list to a set.",[41,114602,114604],{"id":114603},"example-update-with-another-set","Example: update with another set",[14,114606,884,114607,114609],{},[18,114608,15001],{}," to combine values from one set into another.",[46,114611,114613],{"className":48,"code":114612,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\nset_a.update(set_b)\n\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[18,114614,114615,114636,114657,114661,114677,114681,114691],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,114616,114617,114620,114622,114624,114626,114628,114630,114632,114634],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,114618,114619],{"class":902},"set_a ",[55,114621,906],{"class":703},[55,114623,10529],{"class":65},[55,114625,93],{"class":75},[55,114627,163],{"class":65},[55,114629,166],{"class":75},[55,114631,163],{"class":65},[55,114633,171],{"class":75},[55,114635,9346],{"class":65},[55,114637,114638,114641,114643,114645,114647,114649,114651,114653,114655],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,114639,114640],{"class":902},"set_b ",[55,114642,906],{"class":703},[55,114644,10529],{"class":65},[55,114646,2366],{"class":75},[55,114648,163],{"class":65},[55,114650,2759],{"class":75},[55,114652,163],{"class":65},[55,114654,4890],{"class":75},[55,114656,9346],{"class":65},[55,114658,114659],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,114660,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,114662,114663,114666,114668,114670,114672,114675],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,114664,114665],{"class":902},"set_a",[55,114667,29],{"class":65},[55,114669,30520],{"class":318},[55,114671,66],{"class":65},[55,114673,114674],{"class":318},"set_b",[55,114676,322],{"class":65},[55,114678,114679],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,114680,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,114682,114683,114685,114687,114689],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,114684,62],{"class":61},[55,114686,66],{"class":65},[55,114688,114665],{"class":318},[55,114690,322],{"class":65},[55,114692,114693],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,114694,112067],{"class":3956},[14,114696,114697],{},"This is useful when you want to keep only unique values and modify the original set.",[14,114699,114700,114701,29],{},"If you want a new combined set instead of changing the original, use ",[294,114702,114703],{"href":102872},[18,114704,108119],{},[46,114706,114708],{"className":48,"code":114707,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\ncombined = set_a.union(set_b)\n\nprint(combined)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[18,114709,114710,114730,114750,114754,114774,114778,114789,114793,114803],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,114711,114712,114714,114716,114718,114720,114722,114724,114726,114728],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,114713,114619],{"class":902},[55,114715,906],{"class":703},[55,114717,10529],{"class":65},[55,114719,93],{"class":75},[55,114721,163],{"class":65},[55,114723,166],{"class":75},[55,114725,163],{"class":65},[55,114727,171],{"class":75},[55,114729,9346],{"class":65},[55,114731,114732,114734,114736,114738,114740,114742,114744,114746,114748],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,114733,114640],{"class":902},[55,114735,906],{"class":703},[55,114737,10529],{"class":65},[55,114739,2366],{"class":75},[55,114741,163],{"class":65},[55,114743,2759],{"class":75},[55,114745,163],{"class":65},[55,114747,4890],{"class":75},[55,114749,9346],{"class":65},[55,114751,114752],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,114753,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,114755,114756,114759,114761,114764,114766,114768,114770,114772],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,114757,114758],{"class":902},"combined ",[55,114760,906],{"class":703},[55,114762,114763],{"class":902}," set_a",[55,114765,29],{"class":65},[55,114767,111345],{"class":318},[55,114769,66],{"class":65},[55,114771,114674],{"class":318},[55,114773,322],{"class":65},[55,114775,114776],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,114777,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,114779,114780,114782,114784,114787],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,114781,62],{"class":61},[55,114783,66],{"class":65},[55,114785,114786],{"class":318},"combined",[55,114788,322],{"class":65},[55,114790,114791],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,114792,112067],{"class":3956},[55,114794,114795,114797,114799,114801],{"class":57,"line":582},[55,114796,62],{"class":61},[55,114798,66],{"class":65},[55,114800,114665],{"class":318},[55,114802,322],{"class":65},[55,114804,114805],{"class":57,"line":6706},[55,114806,114807],{"class":3956},"# {1, 2, 3}\n",[41,114809,114811],{"id":114810},"example-update-with-a-string","Example: update with a string",[14,114813,64812,114814,114816],{},[18,114815,15001],{}," adds each character separately.",[46,114818,114820],{"className":48,"code":114819,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = {\"x\"}\nletters.update(\"cat\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[18,114821,114822,114838,114856,114860,114870],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,114823,114824,114826,114828,114830,114832,114834,114836],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,114825,36151],{"class":902},[55,114827,906],{"class":703},[55,114829,10529],{"class":65},[55,114831,126],{"class":109},[55,114833,2477],{"class":129},[55,114835,126],{"class":109},[55,114837,9346],{"class":65},[55,114839,114840,114842,114844,114846,114848,114850,114852,114854],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,114841,36204],{"class":902},[55,114843,29],{"class":65},[55,114845,30520],{"class":318},[55,114847,66],{"class":65},[55,114849,126],{"class":109},[55,114851,37109],{"class":129},[55,114853,126],{"class":109},[55,114855,322],{"class":65},[55,114857,114858],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,114859,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,114861,114862,114864,114866,114868],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,114863,62],{"class":61},[55,114865,66],{"class":65},[55,114867,36204],{"class":318},[55,114869,322],{"class":65},[55,114871,114872],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,114873,114874],{"class":3956},"# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[14,114876,114877],{},"This often surprises beginners.",[14,114879,114880,14100,114883,114885,114886,114888],{},[18,114881,114882],{},"update(\"cat\")",[435,114884,4916],{}," add ",[18,114887,113112],{}," as one item. It adds:",[240,114890,114891,114895,114899],{},[243,114892,114893],{},[18,114894,66554],{},[243,114896,114897],{},[18,114898,18146],{},[243,114900,114901],{},[18,114902,113128],{},[14,114904,114905,114906,790],{},"If you want to add one whole value, use ",[294,114907,114908],{"href":98576},[18,114909,96284],{},[46,114911,114913],{"className":48,"code":114912,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = {\"dog\"}\nwords.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(words)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[18,114914,114915,114931,114949,114953,114963],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,114916,114917,114919,114921,114923,114925,114927,114929],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,114918,4355],{"class":902},[55,114920,906],{"class":703},[55,114922,10529],{"class":65},[55,114924,126],{"class":109},[55,114926,58198],{"class":129},[55,114928,126],{"class":109},[55,114930,9346],{"class":65},[55,114932,114933,114935,114937,114939,114941,114943,114945,114947],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,114934,4399],{"class":902},[55,114936,29],{"class":65},[55,114938,82179],{"class":318},[55,114940,66],{"class":65},[55,114942,126],{"class":109},[55,114944,37109],{"class":129},[55,114946,126],{"class":109},[55,114948,322],{"class":65},[55,114950,114951],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,114952,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,114954,114955,114957,114959,114961],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,114956,62],{"class":61},[55,114958,66],{"class":65},[55,114960,4399],{"class":318},[55,114962,322],{"class":65},[55,114964,114965],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,114966,114967],{"class":3956},"# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[41,114969,114971,10624,114973],{"id":114970},"update-vs-add",[18,114972,15001],{},[18,114974,96279],{},[14,114976,114977],{},"The difference is simple:",[240,114979,114980,114984],{},[243,114981,114982,96878],{},[18,114983,96279],{},[243,114985,114986,96883],{},[18,114987,15001],{},[14,114989,46107,114990,790],{},[18,114991,96279],{},[46,114993,114995],{"className":48,"code":114994,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.add(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[18,114996,114997,115013,115031,115035,115045],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,114998,114999,115001,115003,115005,115007,115009,115011],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,115000,36300],{"class":902},[55,115002,906],{"class":703},[55,115004,10529],{"class":65},[55,115006,126],{"class":109},[55,115008,4364],{"class":129},[55,115010,126],{"class":109},[55,115012,9346],{"class":65},[55,115014,115015,115017,115019,115021,115023,115025,115027,115029],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,115016,36352],{"class":902},[55,115018,29],{"class":65},[55,115020,82179],{"class":318},[55,115022,66],{"class":65},[55,115024,126],{"class":109},[55,115026,4373],{"class":129},[55,115028,126],{"class":109},[55,115030,322],{"class":65},[55,115032,115033],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,115034,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,115036,115037,115039,115041,115043],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,115038,62],{"class":61},[55,115040,66],{"class":65},[55,115042,36352],{"class":318},[55,115044,322],{"class":65},[55,115046,115047],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,115048,115049],{"class":3956},"# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[14,115051,46107,115052,790],{},[18,115053,15001],{},[46,115055,115057],{"className":48,"code":115056,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update([\"banana\", \"orange\"])\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[18,115058,115059,115075,115101,115105,115115],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,115060,115061,115063,115065,115067,115069,115071,115073],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,115062,36300],{"class":902},[55,115064,906],{"class":703},[55,115066,10529],{"class":65},[55,115068,126],{"class":109},[55,115070,4364],{"class":129},[55,115072,126],{"class":109},[55,115074,9346],{"class":65},[55,115076,115077,115079,115081,115083,115085,115087,115089,115091,115093,115095,115097,115099],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,115078,36352],{"class":902},[55,115080,29],{"class":65},[55,115082,30520],{"class":318},[55,115084,158],{"class":65},[55,115086,126],{"class":109},[55,115088,4373],{"class":129},[55,115090,126],{"class":109},[55,115092,163],{"class":65},[55,115094,793],{"class":109},[55,115096,33278],{"class":129},[55,115098,126],{"class":109},[55,115100,4174],{"class":65},[55,115102,115103],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,115104,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,115106,115107,115109,115111,115113],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,115108,62],{"class":61},[55,115110,66],{"class":65},[55,115112,36352],{"class":318},[55,115114,322],{"class":65},[55,115116,115117],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,115118,115119],{"class":3956},"# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[14,115121,115122],{},"Important warning with strings:",[46,115124,115126],{"className":48,"code":115125,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update(\"kiwi\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[18,115127,115128,115144,115162,115166,115176],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,115129,115130,115132,115134,115136,115138,115140,115142],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,115131,36300],{"class":902},[55,115133,906],{"class":703},[55,115135,10529],{"class":65},[55,115137,126],{"class":109},[55,115139,4364],{"class":129},[55,115141,126],{"class":109},[55,115143,9346],{"class":65},[55,115145,115146,115148,115150,115152,115154,115156,115158,115160],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,115147,36352],{"class":902},[55,115149,29],{"class":65},[55,115151,30520],{"class":318},[55,115153,66],{"class":65},[55,115155,126],{"class":109},[55,115157,38404],{"class":129},[55,115159,126],{"class":109},[55,115161,322],{"class":65},[55,115163,115164],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,115165,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,115167,115168,115170,115172,115174],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,115169,62],{"class":61},[55,115171,66],{"class":65},[55,115173,36352],{"class":318},[55,115175,322],{"class":65},[55,115177,115178],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,115179,115180],{"class":3956},"# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[14,115182,62178,115183,62251,115186,6906],{},[18,115184,115185],{},"\"kiwi\"",[18,115187,96279],{},[41,115189,115191,10624,115193],{"id":115190},"update-vs-union",[18,115192,15001],{},[18,115194,102875],{},[14,115196,115197],{},"Both can combine values, but they work differently.",[889,115199,115200],{"id":30520},[18,115201,15001],{},[240,115203,115204,115207],{},[243,115205,115206],{},"Changes the existing set",[243,115208,11465,115209],{},[18,115210,481],{},[46,115212,115214],{"className":48,"code":115213,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[18,115215,115216,115232,115248,115252,115266,115276],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,115217,115218,115220,115222,115224,115226,115228,115230],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,115219,2857],{"class":902},[55,115221,906],{"class":703},[55,115223,10529],{"class":65},[55,115225,93],{"class":75},[55,115227,163],{"class":65},[55,115229,166],{"class":75},[55,115231,9346],{"class":65},[55,115233,115234,115236,115238,115240,115242,115244,115246],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,115235,2885],{"class":902},[55,115237,906],{"class":703},[55,115239,10529],{"class":65},[55,115241,707],{"class":75},[55,115243,163],{"class":65},[55,115245,171],{"class":75},[55,115247,9346],{"class":65},[55,115249,115250],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,115251,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,115253,115254,115256,115258,115260,115262,115264],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,115255,294],{"class":902},[55,115257,29],{"class":65},[55,115259,30520],{"class":318},[55,115261,66],{"class":65},[55,115263,5046],{"class":318},[55,115265,322],{"class":65},[55,115267,115268,115270,115272,115274],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,115269,62],{"class":61},[55,115271,66],{"class":65},[55,115273,294],{"class":318},[55,115275,322],{"class":65},[55,115277,115278],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,115279,114807],{"class":3956},[889,115281,115282],{"id":111345},[18,115283,102875],{},[240,115285,115286,115288],{},[243,115287,101413],{},[243,115289,101416],{},[46,115291,115293],{"className":48,"code":115292,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nc = a.union(b)\nprint(c)\n# {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2}\n",[18,115294,115295,115311,115327,115331,115349,115359,115363,115373],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,115296,115297,115299,115301,115303,115305,115307,115309],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,115298,2857],{"class":902},[55,115300,906],{"class":703},[55,115302,10529],{"class":65},[55,115304,93],{"class":75},[55,115306,163],{"class":65},[55,115308,166],{"class":75},[55,115310,9346],{"class":65},[55,115312,115313,115315,115317,115319,115321,115323,115325],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,115314,2885],{"class":902},[55,115316,906],{"class":703},[55,115318,10529],{"class":65},[55,115320,707],{"class":75},[55,115322,163],{"class":65},[55,115324,171],{"class":75},[55,115326,9346],{"class":65},[55,115328,115329],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,115330,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,115332,115333,115335,115337,115339,115341,115343,115345,115347],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,115334,83259],{"class":902},[55,115336,906],{"class":703},[55,115338,56958],{"class":902},[55,115340,29],{"class":65},[55,115342,111345],{"class":318},[55,115344,66],{"class":65},[55,115346,5046],{"class":318},[55,115348,322],{"class":65},[55,115350,115351,115353,115355,115357],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,115352,62],{"class":61},[55,115354,66],{"class":65},[55,115356,9777],{"class":318},[55,115358,322],{"class":65},[55,115360,115361],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,115362,114807],{"class":3956},[55,115364,115365,115367,115369,115371],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,115366,62],{"class":61},[55,115368,66],{"class":65},[55,115370,294],{"class":318},[55,115372,322],{"class":65},[55,115374,115375],{"class":57,"line":582},[55,115376,115377],{"class":3956},"# {1, 2}\n",[14,115379,107761,115380,115382,115383,115387],{},[18,115381,15001],{}," when you want to modify the original set in place. Choose ",[294,115384,115385],{"href":102872},[18,115386,102875],{}," when you want a new set.",[41,115389,115391],{"id":115390},"common-errors-and-confusion","Common errors and confusion",[14,115393,10787,115394,29],{},[18,115395,97390],{},[889,115397,115399],{"id":115398},"_1-saving-the-return-value","1. Saving the return value",[14,115401,115402],{},"This is wrong if you expect a set back:",[46,115404,115406],{"className":48,"code":115405,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[18,115407,115408,115424,115446,115450,115460],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,115409,115410,115412,115414,115416,115418,115420,115422],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,115411,15676],{"class":902},[55,115413,906],{"class":703},[55,115415,10529],{"class":65},[55,115417,93],{"class":75},[55,115419,163],{"class":65},[55,115421,166],{"class":75},[55,115423,9346],{"class":65},[55,115425,115426,115428,115430,115432,115434,115436,115438,115440,115442,115444],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,115427,2534],{"class":902},[55,115429,906],{"class":703},[55,115431,97000],{"class":902},[55,115433,29],{"class":65},[55,115435,30520],{"class":318},[55,115437,158],{"class":65},[55,115439,2366],{"class":75},[55,115441,163],{"class":65},[55,115443,2759],{"class":75},[55,115445,4174],{"class":65},[55,115447,115448],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,115449,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,115451,115452,115454,115456,115458],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,115453,62],{"class":61},[55,115455,66],{"class":65},[55,115457,2569],{"class":318},[55,115459,322],{"class":65},[55,115461,115462],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,115463,61903],{"class":3956},[14,115465,115466,115467,790],{},"Use the original set after calling ",[18,115468,15001],{},[46,115470,115472],{"className":48,"code":115471,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[18,115473,115474,115490,115508,115512,115522],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,115475,115476,115478,115480,115482,115484,115486,115488],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,115477,15676],{"class":902},[55,115479,906],{"class":703},[55,115481,10529],{"class":65},[55,115483,93],{"class":75},[55,115485,163],{"class":65},[55,115487,166],{"class":75},[55,115489,9346],{"class":65},[55,115491,115492,115494,115496,115498,115500,115502,115504,115506],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,115493,15714],{"class":902},[55,115495,29],{"class":65},[55,115497,30520],{"class":318},[55,115499,158],{"class":65},[55,115501,2366],{"class":75},[55,115503,163],{"class":65},[55,115505,2759],{"class":75},[55,115507,4174],{"class":65},[55,115509,115510],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,115511,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,115513,115514,115516,115518,115520],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,115515,62],{"class":61},[55,115517,66],{"class":65},[55,115519,15714],{"class":318},[55,115521,322],{"class":65},[55,115523,115524],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,115525,114106],{"class":3956},[889,115527,115529],{"id":115528},"_2-passing-a-non-iterable","2. Passing a non-iterable",[14,115531,3139],{},[46,115533,115535],{"className":48,"code":115534,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update(5)\n",[18,115536,115537,115553],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,115538,115539,115541,115543,115545,115547,115549,115551],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,115540,15676],{"class":902},[55,115542,906],{"class":703},[55,115544,10529],{"class":65},[55,115546,93],{"class":75},[55,115548,163],{"class":65},[55,115550,166],{"class":75},[55,115552,9346],{"class":65},[55,115554,115555,115557,115559,115561,115563,115565],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,115556,15714],{"class":902},[55,115558,29],{"class":65},[55,115560,30520],{"class":318},[55,115562,66],{"class":65},[55,115564,688],{"class":75},[55,115566,322],{"class":65},[14,115568,62357,115569,1747,115571,115573],{},[18,115570,3303],{},[18,115572,688],{}," is an integer, not an iterable.",[14,115575,6829],{},[46,115577,115579],{"className":48,"code":115578,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([5])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 5}\n",[18,115580,115581,115597,115611,115615,115625],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,115582,115583,115585,115587,115589,115591,115593,115595],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,115584,15676],{"class":902},[55,115586,906],{"class":703},[55,115588,10529],{"class":65},[55,115590,93],{"class":75},[55,115592,163],{"class":65},[55,115594,166],{"class":75},[55,115596,9346],{"class":65},[55,115598,115599,115601,115603,115605,115607,115609],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,115600,15714],{"class":902},[55,115602,29],{"class":65},[55,115604,30520],{"class":318},[55,115606,158],{"class":65},[55,115608,688],{"class":75},[55,115610,4174],{"class":65},[55,115612,115613],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,115614,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,115616,115617,115619,115621,115623],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,115618,62],{"class":61},[55,115620,66],{"class":65},[55,115622,15714],{"class":318},[55,115624,322],{"class":65},[55,115626,115627],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,115628,115629],{"class":3956},"# {1, 2, 5}\n",[14,115631,45980,115632,29],{},[294,115633,25733,115634],{"href":52669},[18,115635,115636],{},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable",[889,115638,115640],{"id":115639},"_3-expecting-duplicates-to-stay","3. Expecting duplicates to stay",[14,115642,115643],{},"Sets only keep unique values.",[46,115645,115647],{"className":48,"code":115646,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([2, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[18,115648,115649,115665,115691,115695,115705],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,115650,115651,115653,115655,115657,115659,115661,115663],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,115652,15676],{"class":902},[55,115654,906],{"class":703},[55,115656,10529],{"class":65},[55,115658,93],{"class":75},[55,115660,163],{"class":65},[55,115662,166],{"class":75},[55,115664,9346],{"class":65},[55,115666,115667,115669,115671,115673,115675,115677,115679,115681,115683,115685,115687,115689],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,115668,15714],{"class":902},[55,115670,29],{"class":65},[55,115672,30520],{"class":318},[55,115674,158],{"class":65},[55,115676,707],{"class":75},[55,115678,163],{"class":65},[55,115680,166],{"class":75},[55,115682,163],{"class":65},[55,115684,166],{"class":75},[55,115686,163],{"class":65},[55,115688,171],{"class":75},[55,115690,4174],{"class":65},[55,115692,115693],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,115694,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,115696,115697,115699,115701,115703],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,115698,62],{"class":61},[55,115700,66],{"class":65},[55,115702,15714],{"class":318},[55,115704,322],{"class":65},[55,115706,115707],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,115708,114807],{"class":3956},[889,115710,115712,115713,44696,115715,115717],{"id":115711},"_4-using-update-when-add-is-better","4. Using ",[18,115714,15001],{},[18,115716,96279],{}," is better",[14,115719,115720,115721,115723],{},"If you want to add one single value, especially a string, ",[18,115722,96279],{}," is usually the better choice.",[46,115725,115727],{"className":48,"code":115726,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_set = {\"dog\"}\nmy_set.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[18,115728,115729,115745,115763,115767,115777],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,115730,115731,115733,115735,115737,115739,115741,115743],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,115732,15676],{"class":902},[55,115734,906],{"class":703},[55,115736,10529],{"class":65},[55,115738,126],{"class":109},[55,115740,58198],{"class":129},[55,115742,126],{"class":109},[55,115744,9346],{"class":65},[55,115746,115747,115749,115751,115753,115755,115757,115759,115761],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,115748,15714],{"class":902},[55,115750,29],{"class":65},[55,115752,82179],{"class":318},[55,115754,66],{"class":65},[55,115756,126],{"class":109},[55,115758,37109],{"class":129},[55,115760,126],{"class":109},[55,115762,322],{"class":65},[55,115764,115765],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,115766,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,115768,115769,115771,115773,115775],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,115770,62],{"class":61},[55,115772,66],{"class":65},[55,115774,15714],{"class":318},[55,115776,322],{"class":65},[55,115778,115779],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,115780,114967],{"class":3956},[41,115782,2139],{"id":2138},[889,115784,12748,115786,97369],{"id":115785},"does-setupdate-return-a-new-set",[18,115787,97390],{},[14,115789,97372,115790,29],{},[18,115791,481],{},[889,115793,28383,115794,32283],{"id":32280},[18,115795,15001],{},[14,115797,115798],{},"Yes. Any iterable like a list, tuple, set, or string can be used.",[889,115800,5466,115802,4679,115804,2794],{"id":115801},"what-is-the-difference-between-add-and-update",[18,115803,96279],{},[18,115805,15001],{},[14,115807,115808,115810,115811,115813],{},[18,115809,96279],{}," adds one item. ",[18,115812,15001],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable.",[889,115815,115817],{"id":115816},"why-did-my-string-get-split-into-letters","Why did my string get split into letters?",[14,115819,115820,115821,114816],{},"Because strings are iterable, so ",[18,115822,15001],{},[889,115824,115826],{"id":115825},"how-do-i-combine-two-sets-without-changing-the-original","How do I combine two sets without changing the original?",[14,115828,212,115829,11132,115831,29],{},[18,115830,102875],{},[18,115832,15001],{},[41,115834,2193],{"id":2192},[240,115836,115837,115844,115851,115857,115863],{},[243,115838,115839],{},[294,115840,115841],{"href":98576},[18,115842,115843],{},"Python set add() method",[243,115845,115846],{},[294,115847,115848],{"href":102872},[18,115849,115850],{},"Python set union() method",[243,115852,115853],{},[294,115854,115855],{"href":97959},[18,115856,97414],{},[243,115858,115859],{},[294,115860,115861],{"href":99153},[18,115862,100420],{},[243,115864,115865],{},[294,115866,115867,115869],{"href":52669},[18,115868,115636],{}," fix",[14,115871,115872,115873,115875,115876,115878],{},"Next, learn when to use ",[18,115874,96284],{}," for a single value and ",[18,115877,108119],{}," when you want a new combined set without changing the original.",[2226,115880,115881],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":115883},[115884,115885,115887,115888,115889,115890,115891,115892,115894,115899,115906,115915],{"id":43,"depth":82,"text":44},{"id":114114,"depth":82,"text":115886},"What set.update() does",{"id":2459,"depth":82,"text":2460},{"id":22021,"depth":82,"text":22022},{"id":114500,"depth":82,"text":114501},{"id":114603,"depth":82,"text":114604},{"id":114810,"depth":82,"text":114811},{"id":114970,"depth":82,"text":115893},"update() vs add()",{"id":115190,"depth":82,"text":115895,"children":115896},"update() vs union()",[115897,115898],{"id":30520,"depth":98,"text":15001},{"id":111345,"depth":98,"text":102875},{"id":115390,"depth":82,"text":115391,"children":115900},[115901,115902,115903,115904],{"id":115398,"depth":98,"text":115399},{"id":115528,"depth":98,"text":115529},{"id":115639,"depth":98,"text":115640},{"id":115711,"depth":98,"text":115905},"4. Using update() when add() is better",{"id":2138,"depth":82,"text":2139,"children":115907},[115908,115910,115911,115913,115914],{"id":115785,"depth":98,"text":115909},"Does set.update() return a new set?",{"id":32280,"depth":98,"text":32353},{"id":115801,"depth":98,"text":115912},"What is the difference between add() and update()?",{"id":115816,"depth":98,"text":115817},{"id":115825,"depth":98,"text":115826},{"id":2192,"depth":82,"text":2193},"Master python set update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":114026,"description":115916},"reference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","O92kX80vUFExg-dtCXumAvm7IuzEHXgSTW4bzDeyLc8",{"id":115922,"title":115923,"body":115924,"description":117690,"extension":2267,"meta":117691,"navigation":1121,"path":13836,"seo":117692,"stem":117693,"__hash__":117694},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained.md","Python shallow copy vs deep copy Explained",{"type":7,"value":115925,"toc":117665},[115926,115929,115932,115935,115946,115954,115957,115959,116108,116120,116124,116141,116145,116153,116155,116166,116168,116265,116271,116274,116370,116379,116384,116388,116393,116395,116405,116407,116516,116524,116528,116531,116534,116551,116557,116637,116640,116644,116647,116651,116654,116713,116716,116720,116723,116815,116819,116822,116929,116933,116939,116967,116969,117051,117061,117065,117068,117079,117082,117167,117170,117175,117179,117182,117193,117196,117338,117341,117345,117348,117362,117365,117426,117432,117434,117437,117459,117462,117562,117565,117597,117599,117603,117606,117608,117611,117615,117618,117622,117625,117629,117632,117634,117662],[10,115927,115923],{"id":115928},"python-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained",[14,115930,115931],{},"When you copy data in Python, the result is not always fully independent from the original.",[14,115933,115934],{},"This is especially important with nested data, such as:",[240,115936,115937,115940,115943],{},[243,115938,115939],{},"a list inside another list",[243,115941,115942],{},"a dictionary containing lists",[243,115944,115945],{},"a list of dictionaries",[14,115947,100342,115948,4679,115950,115953],{},[435,115949,12895],{},[435,115951,115952],{},"deep copy"," is about what gets copied and what stays shared.",[14,115955,115956],{},"If you get this wrong, changing one object can unexpectedly change another.",[41,115958,2308],{"id":2307},[46,115960,115962],{"className":48,"code":115961,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = copy.copy(original)\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(shallow)   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(deep)      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[18,115963,115964,115971,115975,116001,116021,116041,116045,116063,116067,116080,116094],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,115965,115966,115968],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,115967,35150],{"class":1193},[55,115969,115970],{"class":902}," copy\n",[55,115972,115973],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,115974,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,115976,115977,115979,115981,115983,115985,115987,115989,115991,115993,115995,115997,115999],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,115978,12129],{"class":902},[55,115980,906],{"class":703},[55,115982,56364],{"class":65},[55,115984,93],{"class":75},[55,115986,163],{"class":65},[55,115988,166],{"class":75},[55,115990,18112],{"class":65},[55,115992,909],{"class":65},[55,115994,2366],{"class":75},[55,115996,163],{"class":65},[55,115998,2759],{"class":75},[55,116000,53312],{"class":65},[55,116002,116003,116006,116008,116011,116013,116015,116017,116019],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,116004,116005],{"class":902},"shallow ",[55,116007,906],{"class":703},[55,116009,116010],{"class":902}," copy",[55,116012,29],{"class":65},[55,116014,12956],{"class":318},[55,116016,66],{"class":65},[55,116018,12176],{"class":318},[55,116020,322],{"class":65},[55,116022,116023,116026,116028,116030,116032,116035,116037,116039],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,116024,116025],{"class":902},"deep ",[55,116027,906],{"class":703},[55,116029,116010],{"class":902},[55,116031,29],{"class":65},[55,116033,116034],{"class":318},"deepcopy",[55,116036,66],{"class":65},[55,116038,12176],{"class":318},[55,116040,322],{"class":65},[55,116042,116043],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,116044,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,116046,116047,116049,116051,116053,116055,116057,116059,116061],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,116048,12176],{"class":902},[55,116050,4186],{"class":65},[55,116052,76],{"class":75},[55,116054,13596],{"class":65},[55,116056,13599],{"class":318},[55,116058,66],{"class":65},[55,116060,56417],{"class":75},[55,116062,322],{"class":65},[55,116064,116065],{"class":57,"line":582},[55,116066,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,116068,116069,116071,116073,116075,116077],{"class":57,"line":6706},[55,116070,62],{"class":61},[55,116072,66],{"class":65},[55,116074,12176],{"class":318},[55,116076,3953],{"class":65},[55,116078,116079],{"class":3956},"  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[55,116081,116082,116084,116086,116089,116091],{"class":57,"line":6711},[55,116083,62],{"class":61},[55,116085,66],{"class":65},[55,116087,116088],{"class":318},"shallow",[55,116090,3953],{"class":65},[55,116092,116093],{"class":3956},"   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[55,116095,116096,116098,116100,116103,116105],{"class":57,"line":11637},[55,116097,62],{"class":61},[55,116099,66],{"class":65},[55,116101,116102],{"class":318},"deep",[55,116104,3953],{"class":65},[55,116106,116107],{"class":3956},"      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[14,116109,212,116110,116113,116114,4679,116116,116119],{},[18,116111,116112],{},"copy.copy()"," for a ",[435,116115,12895],{},[18,116117,116118],{},"copy.deepcopy()"," when you need fully independent nested objects.",[41,116121,116123],{"id":116122},"what-this-page-helps-you-understand","What this page helps you understand",[240,116125,116126,116129,116132,116135,116138],{},[243,116127,116128],{},"What a copy means in Python",[243,116130,116131],{},"How shallow copy works",[243,116133,116134],{},"How deep copy works",[243,116136,116137],{},"Why nested objects cause confusion",[243,116139,116140],{},"When to use each approach",[41,116142,116144],{"id":116143},"what-a-shallow-copy-does","What a shallow copy does",[14,116146,15236,116147,116149,116150,116152],{},[435,116148,12895],{}," creates a new outer object, but it does ",[435,116151,4916],{}," fully copy the nested objects inside it.",[14,116154,2410],{},[240,116156,116157,116160,116163],{},[243,116158,116159],{},"the outer container is new",[243,116161,116162],{},"inner lists or dictionaries may still be shared",[243,116164,116165],{},"changing a nested mutable object can affect both versions",[14,116167,358],{},[46,116169,116171],{"className":48,"code":116170,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append([5, 6])\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[18,116172,116173,116199,116213,116217,116235,116239,116252],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,116174,116175,116177,116179,116181,116183,116185,116187,116189,116191,116193,116195,116197],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,116176,12129],{"class":902},[55,116178,906],{"class":703},[55,116180,56364],{"class":65},[55,116182,93],{"class":75},[55,116184,163],{"class":65},[55,116186,166],{"class":75},[55,116188,18112],{"class":65},[55,116190,909],{"class":65},[55,116192,2366],{"class":75},[55,116194,163],{"class":65},[55,116196,2759],{"class":75},[55,116198,53312],{"class":65},[55,116200,116201,116203,116205,116207,116209,116211],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,116202,14358],{"class":902},[55,116204,906],{"class":703},[55,116206,12204],{"class":902},[55,116208,29],{"class":65},[55,116210,12956],{"class":318},[55,116212,1789],{"class":65},[55,116214,116215],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,116216,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,116218,116219,116221,116223,116225,116227,116229,116231,116233],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,116220,14377],{"class":902},[55,116222,29],{"class":65},[55,116224,13599],{"class":318},[55,116226,158],{"class":65},[55,116228,688],{"class":75},[55,116230,163],{"class":65},[55,116232,37706],{"class":75},[55,116234,4174],{"class":65},[55,116236,116237],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,116238,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,116240,116241,116243,116245,116247,116249],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,116242,62],{"class":61},[55,116244,66],{"class":65},[55,116246,12176],{"class":318},[55,116248,3953],{"class":65},[55,116250,116251],{"class":3956},"  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[55,116253,116254,116256,116258,116260,116262],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,116255,62],{"class":61},[55,116257,66],{"class":65},[55,116259,14377],{"class":318},[55,116261,3953],{"class":65},[55,116263,116264],{"class":3956},"    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[14,116266,116267,116268,116270],{},"In this case, appending a new top-level item only changes ",[18,116269,14377],{},", because the outer list is different.",[14,116272,116273],{},"But now look at a nested change:",[46,116275,116277],{"className":48,"code":116276,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[18,116278,116279,116305,116319,116323,116341,116345,116357],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,116280,116281,116283,116285,116287,116289,116291,116293,116295,116297,116299,116301,116303],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,116282,12129],{"class":902},[55,116284,906],{"class":703},[55,116286,56364],{"class":65},[55,116288,93],{"class":75},[55,116290,163],{"class":65},[55,116292,166],{"class":75},[55,116294,18112],{"class":65},[55,116296,909],{"class":65},[55,116298,2366],{"class":75},[55,116300,163],{"class":65},[55,116302,2759],{"class":75},[55,116304,53312],{"class":65},[55,116306,116307,116309,116311,116313,116315,116317],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,116308,14358],{"class":902},[55,116310,906],{"class":703},[55,116312,12204],{"class":902},[55,116314,29],{"class":65},[55,116316,12956],{"class":318},[55,116318,1789],{"class":65},[55,116320,116321],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,116322,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,116324,116325,116327,116329,116331,116333,116335,116337,116339],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,116326,14377],{"class":902},[55,116328,4186],{"class":65},[55,116330,76],{"class":75},[55,116332,13596],{"class":65},[55,116334,13599],{"class":318},[55,116336,66],{"class":65},[55,116338,56417],{"class":75},[55,116340,322],{"class":65},[55,116342,116343],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,116344,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,116346,116347,116349,116351,116353,116355],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,116348,62],{"class":61},[55,116350,66],{"class":65},[55,116352,12176],{"class":318},[55,116354,3953],{"class":65},[55,116356,116079],{"class":3956},[55,116358,116359,116361,116363,116365,116367],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,116360,62],{"class":61},[55,116362,66],{"class":65},[55,116364,14377],{"class":318},[55,116366,3953],{"class":65},[55,116368,116369],{"class":3956},"    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[14,116371,116372,116373,4679,116375,116378],{},"Both changed because ",[18,116374,56521],{},[18,116376,116377],{},"copied[0]"," point to the same inner list.",[14,116380,116381,116382,29],{},"If you are new to this, it helps to first understand ",[294,116383,44002],{"href":12108},[41,116385,116387],{"id":116386},"what-a-deep-copy-does","What a deep copy does",[14,116389,15236,116390,116392],{},[435,116391,115952],{}," creates a new outer object and also recursively copies the nested objects inside it.",[14,116394,2410],{},[240,116396,116397,116399,116402],{},[243,116398,116159],{},[243,116400,116401],{},"nested mutable objects are also new",[243,116403,116404],{},"changes inside nested structures do not affect the original",[14,116406,358],{},[46,116408,116410],{"className":48,"code":116409,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[18,116411,116412,116418,116422,116448,116466,116470,116488,116492,116504],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,116413,116414,116416],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,116415,35150],{"class":1193},[55,116417,115970],{"class":902},[55,116419,116420],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,116421,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,116423,116424,116426,116428,116430,116432,116434,116436,116438,116440,116442,116444,116446],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,116425,12129],{"class":902},[55,116427,906],{"class":703},[55,116429,56364],{"class":65},[55,116431,93],{"class":75},[55,116433,163],{"class":65},[55,116435,166],{"class":75},[55,116437,18112],{"class":65},[55,116439,909],{"class":65},[55,116441,2366],{"class":75},[55,116443,163],{"class":65},[55,116445,2759],{"class":75},[55,116447,53312],{"class":65},[55,116449,116450,116452,116454,116456,116458,116460,116462,116464],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,116451,14358],{"class":902},[55,116453,906],{"class":703},[55,116455,116010],{"class":902},[55,116457,29],{"class":65},[55,116459,116034],{"class":318},[55,116461,66],{"class":65},[55,116463,12176],{"class":318},[55,116465,322],{"class":65},[55,116467,116468],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,116469,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,116471,116472,116474,116476,116478,116480,116482,116484,116486],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,116473,14377],{"class":902},[55,116475,4186],{"class":65},[55,116477,76],{"class":75},[55,116479,13596],{"class":65},[55,116481,13599],{"class":318},[55,116483,66],{"class":65},[55,116485,56417],{"class":75},[55,116487,322],{"class":65},[55,116489,116490],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,116491,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,116493,116494,116496,116498,116500,116502],{"class":57,"line":582},[55,116495,62],{"class":61},[55,116497,66],{"class":65},[55,116499,12176],{"class":318},[55,116501,3953],{"class":65},[55,116503,116251],{"class":3956},[55,116505,116506,116508,116510,116512,116514],{"class":57,"line":6706},[55,116507,62],{"class":61},[55,116509,66],{"class":65},[55,116511,14377],{"class":318},[55,116513,3953],{"class":65},[55,116515,116369],{"class":3956},[14,116517,116518,116519,116521,116522,29],{},"Here, the inner list was copied too, so changing ",[18,116520,116377],{}," does not change ",[18,116523,56521],{},[41,116525,116527],{"id":116526},"why-beginners-get-confused","Why beginners get confused",[14,116529,116530],{},"This topic is confusing because copying often appears to work at first.",[14,116532,116533],{},"Common reasons:",[240,116535,116536,116539,116542,116548],{},[243,116537,116538],{},"Simple lists of numbers often behave as expected",[243,116540,116541],{},"Problems usually appear only with nested lists or dictionaries",[243,116543,116544,116545,116547],{},"Assignment with ",[18,116546,906],{}," does not make a copy",[243,116549,116550],{},"Some methods make shallow copies, not deep copies",[14,116552,116553,116554,116556],{},"For example, this does ",[435,116555,4916],{}," create a copy:",[46,116558,116560],{"className":48,"code":116559,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,116561,116562,116582,116590,116594,116608,116612,116624],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,116563,116564,116566,116568,116570,116572,116574,116576,116578,116580],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,116565,12129],{"class":902},[55,116567,906],{"class":703},[55,116569,909],{"class":65},[55,116571,93],{"class":75},[55,116573,163],{"class":65},[55,116575,166],{"class":75},[55,116577,163],{"class":65},[55,116579,171],{"class":75},[55,116581,924],{"class":65},[55,116583,116584,116586,116588],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,116585,14358],{"class":902},[55,116587,906],{"class":703},[55,116589,12167],{"class":902},[55,116591,116592],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,116593,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,116595,116596,116598,116600,116602,116604,116606],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,116597,14377],{"class":902},[55,116599,29],{"class":65},[55,116601,13599],{"class":318},[55,116603,66],{"class":65},[55,116605,2807],{"class":75},[55,116607,322],{"class":65},[55,116609,116610],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,116611,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,116613,116614,116616,116618,116620,116622],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,116615,62],{"class":61},[55,116617,66],{"class":65},[55,116619,12176],{"class":318},[55,116621,3953],{"class":65},[55,116623,55771],{"class":3956},[55,116625,116626,116628,116630,116632,116634],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,116627,62],{"class":61},[55,116629,66],{"class":65},[55,116631,14377],{"class":318},[55,116633,3953],{"class":65},[55,116635,116636],{"class":3956},"    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[14,116638,116639],{},"Both names refer to the same list.",[41,116641,116643],{"id":116642},"assignment-vs-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy","Assignment vs shallow copy vs deep copy",[14,116645,116646],{},"These three ideas are different.",[889,116648,116650],{"id":116649},"assignment","Assignment",[14,116652,116653],{},"With assignment, both names point to the same object.",[46,116655,116657],{"className":48,"code":116656,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nassigned = original\n\nprint(original is assigned)  # True\n",[18,116658,116659,116685,116693,116697],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,116660,116661,116663,116665,116667,116669,116671,116673,116675,116677,116679,116681,116683],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,116662,12129],{"class":902},[55,116664,906],{"class":703},[55,116666,56364],{"class":65},[55,116668,93],{"class":75},[55,116670,163],{"class":65},[55,116672,166],{"class":75},[55,116674,18112],{"class":65},[55,116676,909],{"class":65},[55,116678,2366],{"class":75},[55,116680,163],{"class":65},[55,116682,2759],{"class":75},[55,116684,53312],{"class":65},[55,116686,116687,116689,116691],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,116688,14149],{"class":902},[55,116690,906],{"class":703},[55,116692,12167],{"class":902},[55,116694,116695],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,116696,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,116698,116699,116701,116703,116705,116707,116709,116711],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,116700,62],{"class":61},[55,116702,66],{"class":65},[55,116704,12129],{"class":318},[55,116706,12237],{"class":1193},[55,116708,14217],{"class":318},[55,116710,3953],{"class":65},[55,116712,3957],{"class":3956},[14,116714,116715],{},"Changing one changes the other.",[889,116717,116719],{"id":116718},"shallow-copy","Shallow copy",[14,116721,116722],{},"With a shallow copy, the outer object is new, but inner objects are shared.",[46,116724,116726],{"className":48,"code":116725,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = original.copy()\n\nprint(original is shallow)      # False\nprint(original[0] is shallow[0])  # True\n",[18,116727,116728,116754,116768,116772,116789],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,116729,116730,116732,116734,116736,116738,116740,116742,116744,116746,116748,116750,116752],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,116731,12129],{"class":902},[55,116733,906],{"class":703},[55,116735,56364],{"class":65},[55,116737,93],{"class":75},[55,116739,163],{"class":65},[55,116741,166],{"class":75},[55,116743,18112],{"class":65},[55,116745,909],{"class":65},[55,116747,2366],{"class":75},[55,116749,163],{"class":65},[55,116751,2759],{"class":75},[55,116753,53312],{"class":65},[55,116755,116756,116758,116760,116762,116764,116766],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,116757,116005],{"class":902},[55,116759,906],{"class":703},[55,116761,12204],{"class":902},[55,116763,29],{"class":65},[55,116765,12956],{"class":318},[55,116767,1789],{"class":65},[55,116769,116770],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,116771,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,116773,116774,116776,116778,116780,116782,116785,116787],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,116775,62],{"class":61},[55,116777,66],{"class":65},[55,116779,12129],{"class":318},[55,116781,12237],{"class":1193},[55,116783,116784],{"class":318}," shallow",[55,116786,3953],{"class":65},[55,116788,21252],{"class":3956},[55,116790,116791,116793,116795,116797,116799,116801,116803,116805,116807,116809,116811,116813],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,116792,62],{"class":61},[55,116794,66],{"class":65},[55,116796,12176],{"class":318},[55,116798,4186],{"class":65},[55,116800,76],{"class":75},[55,116802,13319],{"class":65},[55,116804,1232],{"class":1193},[55,116806,116784],{"class":318},[55,116808,4186],{"class":65},[55,116810,76],{"class":75},[55,116812,20497],{"class":65},[55,116814,3957],{"class":3956},[889,116816,116818],{"id":116817},"deep-copy","Deep copy",[14,116820,116821],{},"With a deep copy, both the outer object and inner objects are copied.",[46,116823,116825],{"className":48,"code":116824,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\nprint(original is deep)         # False\nprint(original[0] is deep[0])   # False\n",[18,116826,116827,116833,116837,116863,116881,116885,116903],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,116828,116829,116831],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,116830,35150],{"class":1193},[55,116832,115970],{"class":902},[55,116834,116835],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,116836,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,116838,116839,116841,116843,116845,116847,116849,116851,116853,116855,116857,116859,116861],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,116840,12129],{"class":902},[55,116842,906],{"class":703},[55,116844,56364],{"class":65},[55,116846,93],{"class":75},[55,116848,163],{"class":65},[55,116850,166],{"class":75},[55,116852,18112],{"class":65},[55,116854,909],{"class":65},[55,116856,2366],{"class":75},[55,116858,163],{"class":65},[55,116860,2759],{"class":75},[55,116862,53312],{"class":65},[55,116864,116865,116867,116869,116871,116873,116875,116877,116879],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,116866,116025],{"class":902},[55,116868,906],{"class":703},[55,116870,116010],{"class":902},[55,116872,29],{"class":65},[55,116874,116034],{"class":318},[55,116876,66],{"class":65},[55,116878,12176],{"class":318},[55,116880,322],{"class":65},[55,116882,116883],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,116884,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,116886,116887,116889,116891,116893,116895,116898,116900],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,116888,62],{"class":61},[55,116890,66],{"class":65},[55,116892,12129],{"class":318},[55,116894,12237],{"class":1193},[55,116896,116897],{"class":318}," deep",[55,116899,3953],{"class":65},[55,116901,116902],{"class":3956},"         # False\n",[55,116904,116905,116907,116909,116911,116913,116915,116917,116919,116921,116923,116925,116927],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,116906,62],{"class":61},[55,116908,66],{"class":65},[55,116910,12176],{"class":318},[55,116912,4186],{"class":65},[55,116914,76],{"class":75},[55,116916,13319],{"class":65},[55,116918,1232],{"class":1193},[55,116920,116897],{"class":318},[55,116922,4186],{"class":65},[55,116924,76],{"class":75},[55,116926,20497],{"class":65},[55,116928,43938],{"class":3956},[41,116930,116932],{"id":116931},"common-ways-to-make-a-shallow-copy","Common ways to make a shallow copy",[14,116934,116935,116936,790],{},"These all make ",[435,116937,116938],{},"shallow copies",[240,116940,116941,116945,116949,116954,116960],{},[243,116942,116943],{},[18,116944,55671],{},[243,116946,116947],{},[18,116948,12478],{},[243,116950,116951],{},[18,116952,116953],{},"set.copy()",[243,116955,116956,116957],{},"list slicing like ",[18,116958,116959],{},"my_list[:]",[243,116961,116962,116964,116965,35140],{},[18,116963,116112],{}," from the ",[18,116966,12956],{},[14,116968,2428],{},[46,116970,116972],{"className":48,"code":116971,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\na = numbers.copy()\nb = numbers[:]\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[18,116973,116974,116994,116998,117012,117023,117027,117039],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,116975,116976,116978,116980,116982,116984,116986,116988,116990,116992],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,116977,1168],{"class":902},[55,116979,906],{"class":703},[55,116981,909],{"class":65},[55,116983,93],{"class":75},[55,116985,163],{"class":65},[55,116987,166],{"class":75},[55,116989,163],{"class":65},[55,116991,171],{"class":75},[55,116993,924],{"class":65},[55,116995,116996],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,116997,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,116999,117000,117002,117004,117006,117008,117010],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,117001,2857],{"class":902},[55,117003,906],{"class":703},[55,117005,1196],{"class":902},[55,117007,29],{"class":65},[55,117009,12956],{"class":318},[55,117011,1789],{"class":65},[55,117013,117014,117016,117018,117020],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,117015,2885],{"class":902},[55,117017,906],{"class":703},[55,117019,1196],{"class":902},[55,117021,117022],{"class":65},"[:]\n",[55,117024,117025],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,117026,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,117028,117029,117031,117033,117035,117037],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,117030,62],{"class":61},[55,117032,66],{"class":65},[55,117034,294],{"class":318},[55,117036,3953],{"class":65},[55,117038,55002],{"class":3956},[55,117040,117041,117043,117045,117047,117049],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,117042,62],{"class":61},[55,117044,66],{"class":65},[55,117046,5046],{"class":318},[55,117048,3953],{"class":65},[55,117050,55002],{"class":3956},[14,117052,73213,117053,47601,117057,29],{},[294,117054,117055,10780],{"href":55030},[18,117056,55671],{},[294,117058,117059,10780],{"href":12475},[18,117060,12478],{},[41,117062,117064],{"id":117063},"when-shallow-copy-is-enough","When shallow copy is enough",[14,117066,117067],{},"A shallow copy is often enough when:",[240,117069,117070,117073,117076],{},[243,117071,117072],{},"your data is flat and not nested",[243,117074,117075],{},"you only need a separate outer container",[243,117077,117078],{},"you do not plan to change nested mutable values",[14,117080,117081],{},"Example with a flat list:",[46,117083,117085],{"className":48,"code":117084,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,117086,117087,117107,117121,117125,117139,117143,117155],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,117088,117089,117091,117093,117095,117097,117099,117101,117103,117105],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,117090,12129],{"class":902},[55,117092,906],{"class":703},[55,117094,909],{"class":65},[55,117096,93],{"class":75},[55,117098,163],{"class":65},[55,117100,166],{"class":75},[55,117102,163],{"class":65},[55,117104,171],{"class":75},[55,117106,924],{"class":65},[55,117108,117109,117111,117113,117115,117117,117119],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,117110,14358],{"class":902},[55,117112,906],{"class":703},[55,117114,12204],{"class":902},[55,117116,29],{"class":65},[55,117118,12956],{"class":318},[55,117120,1789],{"class":65},[55,117122,117123],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,117124,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,117126,117127,117129,117131,117133,117135,117137],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,117128,14377],{"class":902},[55,117130,29],{"class":65},[55,117132,13599],{"class":318},[55,117134,66],{"class":65},[55,117136,2807],{"class":75},[55,117138,322],{"class":65},[55,117140,117141],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,117142,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,117144,117145,117147,117149,117151,117153],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,117146,62],{"class":61},[55,117148,66],{"class":65},[55,117150,12176],{"class":318},[55,117152,3953],{"class":65},[55,117154,55002],{"class":3956},[55,117156,117157,117159,117161,117163,117165],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,117158,62],{"class":61},[55,117160,66],{"class":65},[55,117162,14377],{"class":318},[55,117164,3953],{"class":65},[55,117166,116636],{"class":3956},[14,117168,117169],{},"This works fine because the list contains integers, and integers are immutable.",[14,117171,117172,117173,29],{},"If you just want the common ways to duplicate a list, see ",[294,117174,14935],{"href":57290},[41,117176,117178],{"id":117177},"when-deep-copy-is-safer","When deep copy is safer",[14,117180,117181],{},"A deep copy is safer when:",[240,117183,117184,117187,117190],{},[243,117185,117186],{},"your data contains nested lists, dictionaries, or sets",[243,117188,117189],{},"you need to modify inner values without changing the original",[243,117191,117192],{},"you want a fully independent duplicate",[14,117194,117195],{},"Example with a dictionary containing a list:",[46,117197,117199],{"className":48,"code":117198,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"import copy\n\noriginal = {\"scores\": [10, 20]}\nshallow = original.copy()\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[\"scores\"].append(30)\n\nprint(original)  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(shallow)   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(deep)      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[18,117200,117201,117207,117211,117237,117251,117269,117273,117295,117299,117312,117325],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,117202,117203,117205],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,117204,35150],{"class":1193},[55,117206,115970],{"class":902},[55,117208,117209],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,117210,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,117212,117213,117215,117217,117219,117221,117223,117225,117227,117229,117231,117233,117235],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,117214,12129],{"class":902},[55,117216,906],{"class":703},[55,117218,10529],{"class":65},[55,117220,126],{"class":109},[55,117222,16437],{"class":129},[55,117224,126],{"class":109},[55,117226,790],{"class":65},[55,117228,909],{"class":65},[55,117230,376],{"class":75},[55,117232,163],{"class":65},[55,117234,916],{"class":75},[55,117236,13752],{"class":65},[55,117238,117239,117241,117243,117245,117247,117249],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,117240,116005],{"class":902},[55,117242,906],{"class":703},[55,117244,12204],{"class":902},[55,117246,29],{"class":65},[55,117248,12956],{"class":318},[55,117250,1789],{"class":65},[55,117252,117253,117255,117257,117259,117261,117263,117265,117267],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,117254,116025],{"class":902},[55,117256,906],{"class":703},[55,117258,116010],{"class":902},[55,117260,29],{"class":65},[55,117262,116034],{"class":318},[55,117264,66],{"class":65},[55,117266,12176],{"class":318},[55,117268,322],{"class":65},[55,117270,117271],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,117272,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,117274,117275,117277,117279,117281,117283,117285,117287,117289,117291,117293],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,117276,12176],{"class":902},[55,117278,4186],{"class":65},[55,117280,126],{"class":109},[55,117282,16437],{"class":129},[55,117284,126],{"class":109},[55,117286,13596],{"class":65},[55,117288,13599],{"class":318},[55,117290,66],{"class":65},[55,117292,36903],{"class":75},[55,117294,322],{"class":65},[55,117296,117297],{"class":57,"line":582},[55,117298,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,117300,117301,117303,117305,117307,117309],{"class":57,"line":6706},[55,117302,62],{"class":61},[55,117304,66],{"class":65},[55,117306,12176],{"class":318},[55,117308,3953],{"class":65},[55,117310,117311],{"class":3956},"  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[55,117313,117314,117316,117318,117320,117322],{"class":57,"line":6711},[55,117315,62],{"class":61},[55,117317,66],{"class":65},[55,117319,116088],{"class":318},[55,117321,3953],{"class":65},[55,117323,117324],{"class":3956},"   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[55,117326,117327,117329,117331,117333,117335],{"class":57,"line":11637},[55,117328,62],{"class":61},[55,117330,66],{"class":65},[55,117332,116102],{"class":318},[55,117334,3953],{"class":65},[55,117336,117337],{"class":3956},"      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[14,117339,117340],{},"The shallow copy still shares the inner list. The deep copy does not.",[41,117342,117344],{"id":117343},"important-limits-and-caution","Important limits and caution",[14,117346,117347],{},"Keep these points in mind:",[240,117349,117350,117353,117356,117359],{},[243,117351,117352],{},"Deep copy can be slower on large objects",[243,117354,117355],{},"Not every object copies cleanly in every situation",[243,117357,117358],{},"Copy only when you really need a separate object",[243,117360,117361],{},"Immutable values like integers and strings do not cause the same shared-mutation problem",[14,117363,117364],{},"For example, strings and integers do not behave like nested lists because they cannot be changed in place.",[46,117366,117368],{"className":48,"code":117367,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = 10\nb = a\n\nb = 20\n\nprint(a)  # 10\nprint(b)  # 20\n",[18,117369,117370,117378,117386,117390,117398,117402,117414],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,117371,117372,117374,117376],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,117373,2857],{"class":902},[55,117375,906],{"class":703},[55,117377,2890],{"class":75},[55,117379,117380,117382,117384],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,117381,2885],{"class":902},[55,117383,906],{"class":703},[55,117385,36236],{"class":902},[55,117387,117388],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,117389,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,117391,117392,117394,117396],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,117393,2885],{"class":902},[55,117395,906],{"class":703},[55,117397,14661],{"class":75},[55,117399,117400],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,117401,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,117403,117404,117406,117408,117410,117412],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,117405,62],{"class":61},[55,117407,66],{"class":65},[55,117409,294],{"class":318},[55,117411,3953],{"class":65},[55,117413,26849],{"class":3956},[55,117415,117416,117418,117420,117422,117424],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,117417,62],{"class":61},[55,117419,66],{"class":65},[55,117421,5046],{"class":318},[55,117423,3953],{"class":65},[55,117425,27670],{"class":3956},[14,117427,93584,117428,117431],{},[294,117429,117430],{"href":12108},"mutable vs immutable types"," matters when learning about copying.",[41,117433,1586],{"id":1585},[14,117435,117436],{},"These mistakes cause most copy-related bugs:",[240,117438,117439,117443,117448,117453,117456],{},[243,117440,1556,117441,56854],{},[18,117442,906],{},[243,117444,1556,117445,117447],{},[18,117446,55671],{}," on a nested list and expecting full independence",[243,117449,1556,117450,117452],{},[18,117451,12478],{}," on a dictionary that contains lists or dictionaries",[243,117454,117455],{},"Changing an inner list after making a shallow copy",[243,117457,117458],{},"Not realizing the difference between mutable and immutable values",[14,117460,117461],{},"If something seems wrong, these checks can help:",[46,117463,117465],{"className":48,"code":117464,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(original is copied)\nprint(original == copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[0]), id(copied[0]))\nprint(type(original))\n",[18,117466,117467,117481,117495,117517,117548],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,117468,117469,117471,117473,117475,117477,117479],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,117470,62],{"class":61},[55,117472,66],{"class":65},[55,117474,12129],{"class":318},[55,117476,12237],{"class":1193},[55,117478,14431],{"class":318},[55,117480,322],{"class":65},[55,117482,117483,117485,117487,117489,117491,117493],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,117484,62],{"class":61},[55,117486,66],{"class":65},[55,117488,12129],{"class":318},[55,117490,1673],{"class":703},[55,117492,14431],{"class":318},[55,117494,322],{"class":65},[55,117496,117497,117499,117501,117503,117505,117507,117509,117511,117513,117515],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,117498,62],{"class":61},[55,117500,66],{"class":65},[55,117502,12693],{"class":61},[55,117504,66],{"class":65},[55,117506,12176],{"class":318},[55,117508,9270],{"class":65},[55,117510,14863],{"class":61},[55,117512,66],{"class":65},[55,117514,14377],{"class":318},[55,117516,79],{"class":65},[55,117518,117519,117521,117523,117525,117527,117529,117531,117533,117536,117538,117540,117542,117544,117546],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,117520,62],{"class":61},[55,117522,66],{"class":65},[55,117524,12693],{"class":61},[55,117526,66],{"class":65},[55,117528,12176],{"class":318},[55,117530,4186],{"class":65},[55,117532,76],{"class":75},[55,117534,117535],{"class":65},"]),",[55,117537,14863],{"class":61},[55,117539,66],{"class":65},[55,117541,14377],{"class":318},[55,117543,4186],{"class":65},[55,117545,76],{"class":75},[55,117547,174],{"class":65},[55,117549,117550,117552,117554,117556,117558,117560],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,117551,62],{"class":61},[55,117553,66],{"class":65},[55,117555,1879],{"class":69},[55,117557,66],{"class":65},[55,117559,12176],{"class":318},[55,117561,79],{"class":65},[14,117563,117564],{},"What they tell you:",[240,117566,117567,117572,117577,117582,117592],{},[243,117568,117569,117571],{},[18,117570,12237],{}," checks whether two names refer to the same object",[243,117573,117574,117576],{},[18,117575,1673],{}," checks whether values are equal",[243,117578,117579,117581],{},[18,117580,43554],{}," shows the identity of an object",[243,117583,117584,117585,4679,117588,117591],{},"comparing ",[18,117586,117587],{},"id(original[0])",[18,117589,117590],{},"id(copied[0])"," helps detect shared inner objects",[243,117593,117594,117596],{},[18,117595,2606],{}," confirms what kind of object you are copying",[41,117598,2139],{"id":2138},[889,117600,117602],{"id":117601},"does-create-a-copy-in-python","Does = create a copy in Python?",[14,117604,117605],{},"No. It creates another reference to the same object.",[889,117607,57340],{"id":57255},[14,117609,117610],{},"No. It is a shallow copy.",[889,117612,117614],{"id":117613},"when-do-i-need-deepcopy","When do I need deepcopy()?",[14,117616,117617],{},"Use it when your object contains nested mutable values and you want full independence.",[889,117619,117621],{"id":117620},"do-strings-and-integers-need-deep-copy","Do strings and integers need deep copy?",[14,117623,117624],{},"Usually no. They are immutable, so changing one variable does not change the original value.",[889,117626,117628],{"id":117627},"why-did-changing-one-list-change-the-other","Why did changing one list change the other?",[14,117630,117631],{},"They likely share the same inner object because of assignment or a shallow copy.",[41,117633,2193],{"id":2192},[240,117635,117636,117641,117647,117653,117657],{},[243,117637,117638],{},[294,117639,117640],{"href":12108},"Mutability in Python explained: mutable vs immutable types",[243,117642,117643],{},[294,117644,3871,117645,10780],{"href":55030},[18,117646,55671],{},[243,117648,117649],{},[294,117650,3871,117651,10780],{"href":12475},[18,117652,12478],{},[243,117654,117655],{},[294,117656,15012],{"href":57290},[243,117658,117659],{},[294,117660,117661],{"href":58565},"What is a list in Python?",[2226,117663,117664],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":117666},[117667,117668,117669,117670,117671,117672,117677,117678,117679,117680,117681,117682,117689],{"id":2307,"depth":82,"text":2308},{"id":116122,"depth":82,"text":116123},{"id":116143,"depth":82,"text":116144},{"id":116386,"depth":82,"text":116387},{"id":116526,"depth":82,"text":116527},{"id":116642,"depth":82,"text":116643,"children":117673},[117674,117675,117676],{"id":116649,"depth":98,"text":116650},{"id":116718,"depth":98,"text":116719},{"id":116817,"depth":98,"text":116818},{"id":116931,"depth":82,"text":116932},{"id":117063,"depth":82,"text":117064},{"id":117177,"depth":82,"text":117178},{"id":117343,"depth":82,"text":117344},{"id":1585,"depth":82,"text":1586},{"id":2138,"depth":82,"text":2139,"children":117683},[117684,117685,117686,117687,117688],{"id":117601,"depth":98,"text":117602},{"id":57255,"depth":98,"text":57340},{"id":117613,"depth":98,"text":117614},{"id":117620,"depth":98,"text":117621},{"id":117627,"depth":98,"text":117628},{"id":2192,"depth":82,"text":2193},"Master python shallow copy vs deep copy explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":115923,"description":117690},"reference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","4P8qWKs1knuRzO-mq5pz1MvM10FXTsG04QbHQz5pkwk",{"id":117696,"title":117697,"body":117698,"description":119555,"extension":2267,"meta":119556,"navigation":1121,"path":119557,"seo":119558,"stem":119559,"__hash__":119560},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained.md","Python sorted() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":117699,"toc":119513},[117700,117705,117710,117718,117720,117788,117793,117798,117813,117816,117818,117849,117851,117871,117874,117889,117891,117894,117967,117969,118014,118016,118027,118032,118036,118041,118044,118083,118085,118105,118108,118165,118167,118202,118205,118244,118246,118266,118269,118300,118302,118358,118360,118365,118436,118438,118471,118476,118481,118546,118548,118585,118588,118665,118667,118727,118734,118739,118742,118745,118826,118828,118869,118874,118877,118955,118957,118990,118999,119006,119009,119020,119023,119034,119038,119046,119055,119059,119064,119068,119073,119116,119119,119125,119128,119130,119177,119182,119186,119189,119238,119240,119261,119264,119266,119291,119294,119415,119420,119422,119427,119430,119435,119438,119446,119451,119458,119461,119469,119472,119474,119510],[10,117701,3871,117703,3875],{"id":117702},"python-sorted-function-explained",[18,117704,74497],{},[14,117706,117707,117709],{},[18,117708,74497],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns a new list in sorted order.",[14,117711,117712,117713,2493,117715,117717],{},"It is useful when you want to sort values without changing the original data. Unlike ",[18,117714,77940],{},[18,117716,74497],{}," also works with many iterable types, not just lists.",[41,117719,44],{"id":43},[46,117721,117723],{"className":48,"code":117722,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers)     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[18,117724,117725,117745,117759,117763,117775],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,117726,117727,117729,117731,117733,117735,117737,117739,117741,117743],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,117728,1168],{"class":902},[55,117730,906],{"class":703},[55,117732,909],{"class":65},[55,117734,2366],{"class":75},[55,117736,163],{"class":65},[55,117738,5782],{"class":75},[55,117740,163],{"class":65},[55,117742,166],{"class":75},[55,117744,924],{"class":65},[55,117746,117747,117749,117751,117753,117755,117757],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,117748,2534],{"class":902},[55,117750,906],{"class":703},[55,117752,74631],{"class":61},[55,117754,66],{"class":65},[55,117756,332],{"class":318},[55,117758,322],{"class":65},[55,117760,117761],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,117762,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,117764,117765,117767,117769,117771,117773],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,117766,62],{"class":61},[55,117768,66],{"class":65},[55,117770,2569],{"class":318},[55,117772,3953],{"class":65},[55,117774,55758],{"class":3956},[55,117776,117777,117779,117781,117783,117785],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,117778,62],{"class":61},[55,117780,66],{"class":65},[55,117782,332],{"class":318},[55,117784,3953],{"class":65},[55,117786,117787],{"class":3956},"     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[14,117789,117790,117792],{},[18,117791,74497],{}," returns a new sorted list and does not change the original object.",[41,117794,3970,117796,3973],{"id":117795},"what-sorted-does",[18,117797,74497],{},[240,117799,117800,117804,117807,117810],{},[243,117801,117802,62998],{},[18,117803,74497],{},[243,117805,117806],{},"It returns a new list in sorted order.",[243,117808,117809],{},"It works with many iterable objects, not just lists.",[243,117811,117812],{},"It does not modify the original data.",[14,117814,117815],{},"This means you can use it with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterable values.",[41,117817,2460],{"id":2459},[46,117819,117821],{"className":48,"code":117820,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"sorted(iterable, key=None, reverse=False)\n",[18,117822,117823],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,117824,117825,117827,117829,117831,117833,117835,117837,117839,117841,117843,117845,117847],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,117826,74587],{"class":61},[55,117828,66],{"class":65},[55,117830,4014],{"class":318},[55,117832,163],{"class":65},[55,117834,21631],{"class":9212},[55,117836,906],{"class":703},[55,117838,481],{"class":187},[55,117840,163],{"class":65},[55,117842,78143],{"class":9212},[55,117844,906],{"class":703},[55,117846,28],{"class":187},[55,117848,322],{"class":65},[889,117850,17444],{"id":17443},[240,117852,117853,117858,117863],{},[243,117854,117855,117857],{},[18,117856,4014],{},": the values to sort",[243,117859,117860,117862],{},[18,117861,14888],{},": an optional function that decides how items are compared",[243,117864,117865,117867,117868,117870],{},[18,117866,73650],{},": set to ",[18,117869,24],{}," to sort in descending order",[14,117872,117873],{},"In many cases, you only need:",[46,117875,117877],{"className":48,"code":117876,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"sorted(my_values)\n",[18,117878,117879],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,117880,117881,117883,117885,117887],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,117882,74587],{"class":61},[55,117884,66],{"class":65},[55,117886,60379],{"class":318},[55,117888,322],{"class":65},[41,117890,11517],{"id":11516},[14,117892,117893],{},"Here is a basic example with numbers:",[46,117895,117897],{"className":48,"code":117896,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [5, 2, 8, 1]\n\nsorted_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(sorted_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,117898,117899,117923,117927,117942,117946,117957],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,117900,117901,117903,117905,117907,117909,117911,117913,117915,117917,117919,117921],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,117902,1168],{"class":902},[55,117904,906],{"class":703},[55,117906,909],{"class":65},[55,117908,688],{"class":75},[55,117910,163],{"class":65},[55,117912,166],{"class":75},[55,117914,163],{"class":65},[55,117916,6636],{"class":75},[55,117918,163],{"class":65},[55,117920,5782],{"class":75},[55,117922,924],{"class":65},[55,117924,117925],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,117926,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,117928,117929,117932,117934,117936,117938,117940],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,117930,117931],{"class":902},"sorted_numbers ",[55,117933,906],{"class":703},[55,117935,74631],{"class":61},[55,117937,66],{"class":65},[55,117939,332],{"class":318},[55,117941,322],{"class":65},[55,117943,117944],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,117945,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,117947,117948,117950,117952,117955],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,117949,62],{"class":61},[55,117951,66],{"class":65},[55,117953,117954],{"class":318},"sorted_numbers",[55,117956,322],{"class":65},[55,117958,117959,117961,117963,117965],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,117960,62],{"class":61},[55,117962,66],{"class":65},[55,117964,332],{"class":318},[55,117966,322],{"class":65},[14,117968,281],{},[46,117970,117972],{"className":48,"code":117971,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[1, 2, 5, 8]\n[5, 2, 8, 1]\n",[18,117973,117974,117994],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,117975,117976,117978,117980,117982,117984,117986,117988,117990,117992],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,117977,4186],{"class":65},[55,117979,93],{"class":75},[55,117981,163],{"class":65},[55,117983,166],{"class":75},[55,117985,163],{"class":65},[55,117987,4890],{"class":75},[55,117989,163],{"class":65},[55,117991,6636],{"class":75},[55,117993,924],{"class":65},[55,117995,117996,117998,118000,118002,118004,118006,118008,118010,118012],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,117997,4186],{"class":65},[55,117999,688],{"class":75},[55,118001,163],{"class":65},[55,118003,166],{"class":75},[55,118005,163],{"class":65},[55,118007,6636],{"class":75},[55,118009,163],{"class":65},[55,118011,5782],{"class":75},[55,118013,924],{"class":65},[14,118015,13809],{},[240,118017,118018,118023],{},[243,118019,118020,118022],{},[18,118021,117954],{}," is a new sorted list",[243,118024,118025,112559],{},[18,118026,332],{},[14,118028,118029,118030,29],{},"If you want to sort a list in place instead, see ",[294,118031,78450],{"href":78449},[41,118033,118035],{"id":118034},"sorting-different-iterable-types","Sorting different iterable types",[14,118037,118038,118040],{},[18,118039,74497],{}," works with more than lists. The result is always a new list.",[889,118042,118043],{"id":1229},"List",[46,118045,118047],{"className":48,"code":118046,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[18,118048,118049,118069],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,118050,118051,118053,118055,118057,118059,118061,118063,118065,118067],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,118052,1168],{"class":902},[55,118054,906],{"class":703},[55,118056,909],{"class":65},[55,118058,2366],{"class":75},[55,118060,163],{"class":65},[55,118062,5782],{"class":75},[55,118064,163],{"class":65},[55,118066,166],{"class":75},[55,118068,924],{"class":65},[55,118070,118071,118073,118075,118077,118079,118081],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,118072,62],{"class":61},[55,118074,66],{"class":65},[55,118076,74587],{"class":61},[55,118078,66],{"class":65},[55,118080,332],{"class":318},[55,118082,79],{"class":65},[14,118084,281],{},[46,118086,118087],{"className":48,"code":55220,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,118088,118089],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,118090,118091,118093,118095,118097,118099,118101,118103],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,118092,4186],{"class":65},[55,118094,93],{"class":75},[55,118096,163],{"class":65},[55,118098,166],{"class":75},[55,118100,163],{"class":65},[55,118102,171],{"class":75},[55,118104,924],{"class":65},[889,118106,118107],{"id":49021},"Tuple",[46,118109,118111],{"className":48,"code":118110,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = (3, 1, 2)\nprint(sorted(values))\nprint(type(sorted(values)))\n",[18,118112,118113,118133,118147],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,118114,118115,118117,118119,118121,118123,118125,118127,118129,118131],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,118116,4110],{"class":902},[55,118118,906],{"class":703},[55,118120,9273],{"class":65},[55,118122,2366],{"class":75},[55,118124,163],{"class":65},[55,118126,5782],{"class":75},[55,118128,163],{"class":65},[55,118130,166],{"class":75},[55,118132,322],{"class":65},[55,118134,118135,118137,118139,118141,118143,118145],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,118136,62],{"class":61},[55,118138,66],{"class":65},[55,118140,74587],{"class":61},[55,118142,66],{"class":65},[55,118144,5642],{"class":318},[55,118146,79],{"class":65},[55,118148,118149,118151,118153,118155,118157,118159,118161,118163],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,118150,62],{"class":61},[55,118152,66],{"class":65},[55,118154,1879],{"class":69},[55,118156,66],{"class":65},[55,118158,74587],{"class":61},[55,118160,66],{"class":65},[55,118162,5642],{"class":318},[55,118164,769],{"class":65},[14,118166,281],{},[46,118168,118170],{"className":48,"code":118169,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[18,118171,118172,118188],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,118173,118174,118176,118178,118180,118182,118184,118186],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,118175,4186],{"class":65},[55,118177,93],{"class":75},[55,118179,163],{"class":65},[55,118181,166],{"class":75},[55,118183,163],{"class":65},[55,118185,171],{"class":75},[55,118187,924],{"class":65},[55,118189,118190,118192,118194,118196,118198,118200],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,118191,1911],{"class":703},[55,118193,1915],{"class":1914},[55,118195,1918],{"class":109},[55,118197,1229],{"class":129},[55,118199,1923],{"class":109},[55,118201,1926],{"class":703},[889,118203,118204],{"id":576},"Set",[46,118206,118208],{"className":48,"code":118207,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = {3, 1, 2}\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[18,118209,118210,118230],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,118211,118212,118214,118216,118218,118220,118222,118224,118226,118228],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,118213,4110],{"class":902},[55,118215,906],{"class":703},[55,118217,10529],{"class":65},[55,118219,2366],{"class":75},[55,118221,163],{"class":65},[55,118223,5782],{"class":75},[55,118225,163],{"class":65},[55,118227,166],{"class":75},[55,118229,9346],{"class":65},[55,118231,118232,118234,118236,118238,118240,118242],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,118233,62],{"class":61},[55,118235,66],{"class":65},[55,118237,74587],{"class":61},[55,118239,66],{"class":65},[55,118241,5642],{"class":318},[55,118243,79],{"class":65},[14,118245,281],{},[46,118247,118248],{"className":48,"code":55220,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,118249,118250],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,118251,118252,118254,118256,118258,118260,118262,118264],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,118253,4186],{"class":65},[55,118255,93],{"class":75},[55,118257,163],{"class":65},[55,118259,166],{"class":75},[55,118261,163],{"class":65},[55,118263,171],{"class":75},[55,118265,924],{"class":65},[889,118267,118268],{"id":61246},"String",[46,118270,118272],{"className":48,"code":118271,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"python\"\nprint(sorted(text))\n",[18,118273,118274,118286],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,118275,118276,118278,118280,118282,118284],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,118277,34746],{"class":902},[55,118279,906],{"class":703},[55,118281,793],{"class":109},[55,118283,50],{"class":129},[55,118285,1052],{"class":109},[55,118287,118288,118290,118292,118294,118296,118298],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,118289,62],{"class":61},[55,118291,66],{"class":65},[55,118293,74587],{"class":61},[55,118295,66],{"class":65},[55,118297,34767],{"class":318},[55,118299,79],{"class":65},[14,118301,281],{},[46,118303,118304],{"className":48,"code":79467,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,118305,118306],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,118307,118308,118310,118312,118314,118316,118318,118320,118322,118324,118326,118328,118330,118332,118334,118336,118338,118340,118342,118344,118346,118348,118350,118352,118354,118356],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,118309,4186],{"class":65},[55,118311,1923],{"class":109},[55,118313,60510],{"class":129},[55,118315,1923],{"class":109},[55,118317,163],{"class":65},[55,118319,1918],{"class":109},[55,118321,76103],{"class":129},[55,118323,1923],{"class":109},[55,118325,163],{"class":65},[55,118327,1918],{"class":109},[55,118329,60545],{"class":129},[55,118331,1923],{"class":109},[55,118333,163],{"class":65},[55,118335,1918],{"class":109},[55,118337,14],{"class":129},[55,118339,1923],{"class":109},[55,118341,163],{"class":65},[55,118343,1918],{"class":109},[55,118345,63359],{"class":129},[55,118347,1923],{"class":109},[55,118349,163],{"class":65},[55,118351,1918],{"class":109},[55,118353,11788],{"class":129},[55,118355,1923],{"class":109},[55,118357,924],{"class":65},[889,118359,29278],{"id":15652},[14,118361,63612,118362,118364],{},[18,118363,74497],{},", Python sorts the dictionary keys.",[46,118366,118368],{"className":48,"code":118367,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nprint(sorted(person))\n",[18,118369,118370,118422],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,118371,118372,118374,118376,118378,118380,118382,118384,118386,118388,118390,118392,118394,118396,118398,118400,118402,118404,118406,118408,118410,118412,118414,118416,118418,118420],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,118373,13250],{"class":902},[55,118375,906],{"class":703},[55,118377,10529],{"class":65},[55,118379,126],{"class":109},[55,118381,785],{"class":129},[55,118383,126],{"class":109},[55,118385,790],{"class":65},[55,118387,793],{"class":109},[55,118389,12925],{"class":129},[55,118391,126],{"class":109},[55,118393,163],{"class":65},[55,118395,793],{"class":109},[55,118397,9336],{"class":129},[55,118399,126],{"class":109},[55,118401,790],{"class":65},[55,118403,916],{"class":75},[55,118405,163],{"class":65},[55,118407,793],{"class":109},[55,118409,10447],{"class":129},[55,118411,126],{"class":109},[55,118413,790],{"class":65},[55,118415,793],{"class":109},[55,118417,16079],{"class":129},[55,118419,126],{"class":109},[55,118421,9346],{"class":65},[55,118423,118424,118426,118428,118430,118432,118434],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,118425,62],{"class":61},[55,118427,66],{"class":65},[55,118429,74587],{"class":61},[55,118431,66],{"class":65},[55,118433,17356],{"class":318},[55,118435,79],{"class":65},[14,118437,281],{},[46,118439,118441],{"className":48,"code":118440,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['age', 'city', 'name']\n",[18,118442,118443],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,118444,118445,118447,118449,118451,118453,118455,118457,118459,118461,118463,118465,118467,118469],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,118446,4186],{"class":65},[55,118448,1923],{"class":109},[55,118450,9336],{"class":129},[55,118452,1923],{"class":109},[55,118454,163],{"class":65},[55,118456,1918],{"class":109},[55,118458,10447],{"class":129},[55,118460,1923],{"class":109},[55,118462,163],{"class":65},[55,118464,1918],{"class":109},[55,118466,785],{"class":129},[55,118468,1923],{"class":109},[55,118470,924],{"class":65},[41,118472,1556,118474],{"id":118473},"using-reversetrue",[18,118475,78164],{},[14,118477,212,118478,118480],{},[18,118479,78164],{}," when you want descending order instead of ascending order.",[46,118482,118484],{"className":48,"code":118483,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n",[18,118485,118486,118506,118510,118524],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,118487,118488,118490,118492,118494,118496,118498,118500,118502,118504],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,118489,1168],{"class":902},[55,118491,906],{"class":703},[55,118493,909],{"class":65},[55,118495,2366],{"class":75},[55,118497,163],{"class":65},[55,118499,5782],{"class":75},[55,118501,163],{"class":65},[55,118503,166],{"class":75},[55,118505,924],{"class":65},[55,118507,118508],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,118509,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,118511,118512,118514,118516,118518,118520,118522],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,118513,62],{"class":61},[55,118515,66],{"class":65},[55,118517,74587],{"class":61},[55,118519,66],{"class":65},[55,118521,332],{"class":318},[55,118523,79],{"class":65},[55,118525,118526,118528,118530,118532,118534,118536,118538,118540,118542,118544],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,118527,62],{"class":61},[55,118529,66],{"class":65},[55,118531,74587],{"class":61},[55,118533,66],{"class":65},[55,118535,332],{"class":318},[55,118537,163],{"class":65},[55,118539,78143],{"class":9212},[55,118541,906],{"class":703},[55,118543,24],{"class":187},[55,118545,79],{"class":65},[14,118547,281],{},[46,118549,118551],{"className":48,"code":118550,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[1, 2, 3]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[18,118552,118553,118569],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,118554,118555,118557,118559,118561,118563,118565,118567],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,118556,4186],{"class":65},[55,118558,93],{"class":75},[55,118560,163],{"class":65},[55,118562,166],{"class":75},[55,118564,163],{"class":65},[55,118566,171],{"class":75},[55,118568,924],{"class":65},[55,118570,118571,118573,118575,118577,118579,118581,118583],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,118572,4186],{"class":65},[55,118574,2366],{"class":75},[55,118576,163],{"class":65},[55,118578,166],{"class":75},[55,118580,163],{"class":65},[55,118582,5782],{"class":75},[55,118584,924],{"class":65},[14,118586,118587],{},"This also works with strings:",[46,118589,118591],{"className":48,"code":118590,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words))\nprint(sorted(words, reverse=True))\n",[18,118592,118593,118625,118629,118643],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,118594,118595,118597,118599,118601,118603,118605,118607,118609,118611,118613,118615,118617,118619,118621,118623],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,118596,4355],{"class":902},[55,118598,906],{"class":703},[55,118600,909],{"class":65},[55,118602,126],{"class":109},[55,118604,4364],{"class":129},[55,118606,126],{"class":109},[55,118608,163],{"class":65},[55,118610,793],{"class":109},[55,118612,4373],{"class":129},[55,118614,126],{"class":109},[55,118616,163],{"class":65},[55,118618,793],{"class":109},[55,118620,4382],{"class":129},[55,118622,126],{"class":109},[55,118624,924],{"class":65},[55,118626,118627],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,118628,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,118630,118631,118633,118635,118637,118639,118641],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,118632,62],{"class":61},[55,118634,66],{"class":65},[55,118636,74587],{"class":61},[55,118638,66],{"class":65},[55,118640,4399],{"class":318},[55,118642,79],{"class":65},[55,118644,118645,118647,118649,118651,118653,118655,118657,118659,118661,118663],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,118646,62],{"class":61},[55,118648,66],{"class":65},[55,118650,74587],{"class":61},[55,118652,66],{"class":65},[55,118654,4399],{"class":318},[55,118656,163],{"class":65},[55,118658,78143],{"class":9212},[55,118660,906],{"class":703},[55,118662,24],{"class":187},[55,118664,79],{"class":65},[14,118666,281],{},[46,118668,118669],{"className":48,"code":74231,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,118670,118671,118699],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,118672,118673,118675,118677,118679,118681,118683,118685,118687,118689,118691,118693,118695,118697],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,118674,4186],{"class":65},[55,118676,1923],{"class":109},[55,118678,4364],{"class":129},[55,118680,1923],{"class":109},[55,118682,163],{"class":65},[55,118684,1918],{"class":109},[55,118686,4373],{"class":129},[55,118688,1923],{"class":109},[55,118690,163],{"class":65},[55,118692,1918],{"class":109},[55,118694,4382],{"class":129},[55,118696,1923],{"class":109},[55,118698,924],{"class":65},[55,118700,118701,118703,118705,118707,118709,118711,118713,118715,118717,118719,118721,118723,118725],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,118702,4186],{"class":65},[55,118704,1923],{"class":109},[55,118706,4382],{"class":129},[55,118708,1923],{"class":109},[55,118710,163],{"class":65},[55,118712,1918],{"class":109},[55,118714,4373],{"class":129},[55,118716,1923],{"class":109},[55,118718,163],{"class":65},[55,118720,1918],{"class":109},[55,118722,4364],{"class":129},[55,118724,1923],{"class":109},[55,118726,924],{"class":65},[41,118728,1556,118730,118733],{"id":118729},"using-key-for-custom-sorting",[18,118731,118732],{},"key="," for custom sorting",[14,118735,16,118736,118738],{},[18,118737,118732],{}," argument lets you control how values are sorted.",[14,118740,118741],{},"Python applies the key function to each item, then sorts based on the result.",[14,118743,118744],{},"A beginner-friendly example is sorting words by length:",[46,118746,118748],{"className":48,"code":118747,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"pear\", \"fig\", \"banana\", \"kiwi\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=len)\nprint(result)\n",[18,118749,118750,118790,118794,118816],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,118751,118752,118754,118756,118758,118760,118762,118764,118766,118768,118770,118772,118774,118776,118778,118780,118782,118784,118786,118788],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,118753,4355],{"class":902},[55,118755,906],{"class":703},[55,118757,909],{"class":65},[55,118759,126],{"class":109},[55,118761,78817],{"class":129},[55,118763,126],{"class":109},[55,118765,163],{"class":65},[55,118767,793],{"class":109},[55,118769,38421],{"class":129},[55,118771,126],{"class":109},[55,118773,163],{"class":65},[55,118775,793],{"class":109},[55,118777,4373],{"class":129},[55,118779,126],{"class":109},[55,118781,163],{"class":65},[55,118783,793],{"class":109},[55,118785,38404],{"class":129},[55,118787,126],{"class":109},[55,118789,924],{"class":65},[55,118791,118792],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,118793,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,118795,118796,118798,118800,118802,118804,118806,118808,118810,118812,118814],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,118797,2534],{"class":902},[55,118799,906],{"class":703},[55,118801,74631],{"class":61},[55,118803,66],{"class":65},[55,118805,4399],{"class":318},[55,118807,163],{"class":65},[55,118809,21631],{"class":9212},[55,118811,906],{"class":703},[55,118813,11202],{"class":61},[55,118815,322],{"class":65},[55,118817,118818,118820,118822,118824],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,118819,62],{"class":61},[55,118821,66],{"class":65},[55,118823,2569],{"class":318},[55,118825,322],{"class":65},[14,118827,281],{},[46,118829,118831],{"className":48,"code":118830,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['fig', 'pear', 'kiwi', 'banana']\n",[18,118832,118833],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,118834,118835,118837,118839,118841,118843,118845,118847,118849,118851,118853,118855,118857,118859,118861,118863,118865,118867],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,118836,4186],{"class":65},[55,118838,1923],{"class":109},[55,118840,38421],{"class":129},[55,118842,1923],{"class":109},[55,118844,163],{"class":65},[55,118846,1918],{"class":109},[55,118848,78817],{"class":129},[55,118850,1923],{"class":109},[55,118852,163],{"class":65},[55,118854,1918],{"class":109},[55,118856,38404],{"class":129},[55,118858,1923],{"class":109},[55,118860,163],{"class":65},[55,118862,1918],{"class":109},[55,118864,4373],{"class":129},[55,118866,1923],{"class":109},[55,118868,924],{"class":65},[14,118870,20822,118871,118873],{},[18,118872,11202],{}," is used as the key function, so the words are sorted by length.",[14,118875,118876],{},"Another common example is sorting text without caring about uppercase and lowercase letters:",[46,118878,118880],{"className":48,"code":118879,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=str.lower)\nprint(result)\n",[18,118881,118882,118915,118919,118945],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,118883,118884,118886,118888,118890,118892,118894,118896,118898,118900,118902,118904,118906,118908,118911,118913],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,118885,4355],{"class":902},[55,118887,906],{"class":703},[55,118889,909],{"class":65},[55,118891,126],{"class":109},[55,118893,83436],{"class":129},[55,118895,126],{"class":109},[55,118897,163],{"class":65},[55,118899,793],{"class":109},[55,118901,4364],{"class":129},[55,118903,126],{"class":109},[55,118905,163],{"class":65},[55,118907,793],{"class":109},[55,118909,118910],{"class":129},"Cherry",[55,118912,126],{"class":109},[55,118914,924],{"class":65},[55,118916,118917],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,118918,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,118920,118921,118923,118925,118927,118929,118931,118933,118935,118937,118939,118941,118943],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,118922,2534],{"class":902},[55,118924,906],{"class":703},[55,118926,74631],{"class":61},[55,118928,66],{"class":65},[55,118930,4399],{"class":318},[55,118932,163],{"class":65},[55,118934,21631],{"class":9212},[55,118936,906],{"class":703},[55,118938,3738],{"class":69},[55,118940,29],{"class":65},[55,118942,1786],{"class":24803},[55,118944,322],{"class":65},[55,118946,118947,118949,118951,118953],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,118948,62],{"class":61},[55,118950,66],{"class":65},[55,118952,2569],{"class":318},[55,118954,322],{"class":65},[14,118956,281],{},[46,118958,118960],{"className":48,"code":118959,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[18,118961,118962],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,118963,118964,118966,118968,118970,118972,118974,118976,118978,118980,118982,118984,118986,118988],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,118965,4186],{"class":65},[55,118967,1923],{"class":109},[55,118969,4364],{"class":129},[55,118971,1923],{"class":109},[55,118973,163],{"class":65},[55,118975,1918],{"class":109},[55,118977,83436],{"class":129},[55,118979,1923],{"class":109},[55,118981,163],{"class":65},[55,118983,1918],{"class":109},[55,118985,118910],{"class":129},[55,118987,1923],{"class":109},[55,118989,924],{"class":65},[14,118991,118992,118993,35389,118995,29],{},"You can learn more about ",[18,118994,42426],{},[294,118996,3871,118997,3804],{"href":42423},[18,118998,42426],{},[41,119000,119002,10624,119004],{"id":119001},"sorted-vs-listsort",[18,119003,74497],{},[18,119005,77940],{},[14,119007,119008],{},"The main difference is this:",[240,119010,119011,119016],{},[243,119012,119013,119015],{},[18,119014,74497],{}," returns a new list",[243,119017,119018,74035],{},[18,119019,77940],{},[14,119021,119022],{},"Also:",[240,119024,119025,119030],{},[243,119026,119027,119029],{},[18,119028,74497],{}," works with many iterables",[243,119031,119032,79373],{},[18,119033,77940],{},[14,119035,212,119036,10640],{},[18,119037,74497],{},[240,119039,119040,119043],{},[243,119041,119042],{},"you want to keep the original data unchanged",[243,119044,119045],{},"your data is not a list",[14,119047,119048,119049,29],{},"For a full side-by-side comparison, see ",[294,119050,3871,119051,10624,119053,6061],{"href":79198},[18,119052,74497],{},[18,119054,77940],{},[41,119056,119058],{"id":119057},"what-can-cause-errors","What can cause errors",[14,119060,119061,119062,29],{},"A few common problems happen when using ",[18,119063,74497],{},[889,119065,119067],{"id":119066},"mixing-values-that-cannot-be-compared","Mixing values that cannot be compared",[14,119069,119070,119071,790],{},"This can raise a ",[18,119072,3303],{},[46,119074,119076],{"className":48,"code":119075,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = [1, \"2\", 3]\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[18,119077,119078,119102],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,119079,119080,119082,119084,119086,119088,119090,119092,119094,119096,119098,119100],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,119081,4110],{"class":902},[55,119083,906],{"class":703},[55,119085,909],{"class":65},[55,119087,93],{"class":75},[55,119089,163],{"class":65},[55,119091,793],{"class":109},[55,119093,707],{"class":129},[55,119095,126],{"class":109},[55,119097,163],{"class":65},[55,119099,171],{"class":75},[55,119101,924],{"class":65},[55,119103,119104,119106,119108,119110,119112,119114],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,119105,62],{"class":61},[55,119107,66],{"class":65},[55,119109,74587],{"class":61},[55,119111,66],{"class":65},[55,119113,5642],{"class":318},[55,119115,79],{"class":65},[14,119117,119118],{},"Python cannot sort integers and strings together in the normal way.",[889,119120,119122,119123,2607],{"id":119121},"using-the-wrong-key-function","Using the wrong ",[18,119124,14888],{},[14,119126,119127],{},"If your key function does something invalid for the item type, you may get an error.",[14,119129,358],{},[46,119131,119133],{"className":48,"code":119132,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 2, 30]\nprint(sorted(numbers, key=len))\n",[18,119134,119135,119155],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,119136,119137,119139,119141,119143,119145,119147,119149,119151,119153],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,119138,1168],{"class":902},[55,119140,906],{"class":703},[55,119142,909],{"class":65},[55,119144,376],{"class":75},[55,119146,163],{"class":65},[55,119148,166],{"class":75},[55,119150,163],{"class":65},[55,119152,921],{"class":75},[55,119154,924],{"class":65},[55,119156,119157,119159,119161,119163,119165,119167,119169,119171,119173,119175],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,119158,62],{"class":61},[55,119160,66],{"class":65},[55,119162,74587],{"class":61},[55,119164,66],{"class":65},[55,119166,332],{"class":318},[55,119168,163],{"class":65},[55,119170,21631],{"class":9212},[55,119172,906],{"class":703},[55,119174,11202],{"class":61},[55,119176,79],{"class":65},[14,119178,48578,119179,119181],{},[18,119180,42426],{}," does not work on integers.",[889,119183,119185],{"id":119184},"expecting-the-original-list-to-change","Expecting the original list to change",[14,119187,119188],{},"This is not a syntax error, but it is a very common beginner mistake:",[46,119190,119192],{"className":48,"code":119191,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,119193,119194,119214,119224,119228],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,119195,119196,119198,119200,119202,119204,119206,119208,119210,119212],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,119197,1168],{"class":902},[55,119199,906],{"class":703},[55,119201,909],{"class":65},[55,119203,2366],{"class":75},[55,119205,163],{"class":65},[55,119207,5782],{"class":75},[55,119209,163],{"class":65},[55,119211,166],{"class":75},[55,119213,924],{"class":65},[55,119215,119216,119218,119220,119222],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,119217,74587],{"class":61},[55,119219,66],{"class":65},[55,119221,332],{"class":318},[55,119223,322],{"class":65},[55,119225,119226],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,119227,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,119229,119230,119232,119234,119236],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,119231,62],{"class":61},[55,119233,66],{"class":65},[55,119235,332],{"class":318},[55,119237,322],{"class":65},[14,119239,281],{},[46,119241,119243],{"className":48,"code":119242,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[3, 1, 2]\n",[18,119244,119245],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,119246,119247,119249,119251,119253,119255,119257,119259],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,119248,4186],{"class":65},[55,119250,2366],{"class":75},[55,119252,163],{"class":65},[55,119254,5782],{"class":75},[55,119256,163],{"class":65},[55,119258,166],{"class":75},[55,119260,924],{"class":65},[14,119262,119263],{},"If you do not save the result, the original list stays the same.",[41,119265,1586],{"id":1585},[240,119267,119268,119272,119275,119280,119284],{},[243,119269,4864,119270,74035],{},[18,119271,74497],{},[243,119273,119274],{},"Trying to sort mixed types like integers and strings together",[243,119276,4989,119277,119279],{},[18,119278,74497],{}," always returns a list",[243,119281,1556,119282,23156],{},[18,119283,118732],{},[243,119285,29705,119286,119288,119289],{},[18,119287,64384],{}," on a non-list object instead of using ",[18,119290,74497],{},[14,119292,119293],{},"These quick checks can help while debugging:",[46,119295,119297],{"className":48,"code":119296,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(sorted([3, 1, 2]))\nprint(type(sorted((3, 1, 2))))\nprint(sorted(['Banana', 'apple'], key=str.lower))\nprint(sorted([3, 1, 2], reverse=True))\n",[18,119298,119299,119321,119347,119385],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,119300,119301,119303,119305,119307,119309,119311,119313,119315,119317,119319],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,119302,62],{"class":61},[55,119304,66],{"class":65},[55,119306,74587],{"class":61},[55,119308,158],{"class":65},[55,119310,2366],{"class":75},[55,119312,163],{"class":65},[55,119314,5782],{"class":75},[55,119316,163],{"class":65},[55,119318,166],{"class":75},[55,119320,174],{"class":65},[55,119322,119323,119325,119327,119329,119331,119333,119335,119337,119339,119341,119343,119345],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,119324,62],{"class":61},[55,119326,66],{"class":65},[55,119328,1879],{"class":69},[55,119330,66],{"class":65},[55,119332,74587],{"class":61},[55,119334,760],{"class":65},[55,119336,2366],{"class":75},[55,119338,163],{"class":65},[55,119340,5782],{"class":75},[55,119342,163],{"class":65},[55,119344,166],{"class":75},[55,119346,93440],{"class":65},[55,119348,119349,119351,119353,119355,119357,119359,119361,119363,119365,119367,119369,119371,119373,119375,119377,119379,119381,119383],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,119350,62],{"class":61},[55,119352,66],{"class":65},[55,119354,74587],{"class":61},[55,119356,158],{"class":65},[55,119358,1923],{"class":109},[55,119360,83436],{"class":129},[55,119362,1923],{"class":109},[55,119364,163],{"class":65},[55,119366,1918],{"class":109},[55,119368,4364],{"class":129},[55,119370,1923],{"class":109},[55,119372,18112],{"class":65},[55,119374,21631],{"class":9212},[55,119376,906],{"class":703},[55,119378,3738],{"class":69},[55,119380,29],{"class":65},[55,119382,1786],{"class":24803},[55,119384,79],{"class":65},[55,119386,119387,119389,119391,119393,119395,119397,119399,119401,119403,119405,119407,119409,119411,119413],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,119388,62],{"class":61},[55,119390,66],{"class":65},[55,119392,74587],{"class":61},[55,119394,158],{"class":65},[55,119396,2366],{"class":75},[55,119398,163],{"class":65},[55,119400,5782],{"class":75},[55,119402,163],{"class":65},[55,119404,166],{"class":75},[55,119406,18112],{"class":65},[55,119408,78143],{"class":9212},[55,119410,906],{"class":703},[55,119412,24],{"class":187},[55,119414,79],{"class":65},[14,119416,119417,119418,29],{},"If Python raises an error because values cannot be compared, that is often a type problem in your data. You may also want to review common list behavior in ",[294,119419,52841],{"href":51048},[41,119421,2139],{"id":2138},[889,119423,12748,119425,57234],{"id":119424},"does-sorted-change-the-original-list",[18,119426,74497],{},[14,119428,119429],{},"No. It returns a new sorted list and leaves the original list unchanged.",[889,119431,5429,119433,12760],{"id":119432},"what-does-sorted-return",[18,119434,74497],{},[14,119436,119437],{},"It always returns a new list, even if you sort a tuple, set, or string.",[889,119439,119441,119442,11132,119444,2794],{"id":119440},"when-should-i-use-sorted-instead-of-listsort","When should I use ",[18,119443,74497],{},[18,119445,77940],{},[14,119447,212,119448,119450],{},[18,119449,74497],{}," when you want a new list or when your data is not a list.",[889,119452,5429,119454,86524,119456,2794],{"id":119453},"what-does-key-do-in-sorted",[18,119455,118732],{},[18,119457,74497],{},[14,119459,119460],{},"It tells Python what value to use when comparing each item during sorting.",[889,119462,5444,119464,119466,119467,2794],{"id":119463},"why-does-sorted-give-a-typeerror",[18,119465,74497],{}," give a ",[18,119468,3303],{},[14,119470,119471],{},"Usually because the items cannot be compared directly, such as mixing strings and integers.",[41,119473,2193],{"id":2192},[240,119475,119476,119480,119488,119492,119498,119504],{},[243,119477,119478],{},[294,119479,79946],{"href":78449},[243,119481,119482],{},[294,119483,3871,119484,10624,119486,6061],{"href":79198},[18,119485,74497],{},[18,119487,77940],{},[243,119489,119490],{},[294,119491,52841],{"href":51048},[243,119493,119494],{},[294,119495,3871,119496,3804],{"href":42423},[18,119497,42426],{},[243,119499,119500],{},[294,119501,3871,119502,3804],{"href":92096},[18,119503,35809],{},[243,119505,119506],{},[294,119507,3871,119508,3804],{"href":36256},[18,119509,36259],{},[2226,119511,119512],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":119514},[119515,119516,119518,119521,119522,119529,119531,119533,119535,119541,119542,119554],{"id":43,"depth":82,"text":44},{"id":117795,"depth":82,"text":119517},"What sorted() does",{"id":2459,"depth":82,"text":2460,"children":119519},[119520],{"id":17443,"depth":98,"text":17444},{"id":11516,"depth":82,"text":11517},{"id":118034,"depth":82,"text":118035,"children":119523},[119524,119525,119526,119527,119528],{"id":1229,"depth":98,"text":118043},{"id":49021,"depth":98,"text":118107},{"id":576,"depth":98,"text":118204},{"id":61246,"depth":98,"text":118268},{"id":15652,"depth":98,"text":29278},{"id":118473,"depth":82,"text":119530},"Using reverse=True",{"id":118729,"depth":82,"text":119532},"Using key= for custom sorting",{"id":119001,"depth":82,"text":119534},"sorted() vs list.sort()",{"id":119057,"depth":82,"text":119058,"children":119536},[119537,119538,119540],{"id":119066,"depth":98,"text":119067},{"id":119121,"depth":98,"text":119539},"Using the wrong key function",{"id":119184,"depth":98,"text":119185},{"id":1585,"depth":82,"text":1586},{"id":2138,"depth":82,"text":2139,"children":119543},[119544,119546,119548,119550,119552],{"id":119424,"depth":98,"text":119545},"Does sorted() change the original list?",{"id":119432,"depth":98,"text":119547},"What does sorted() return?",{"id":119440,"depth":98,"text":119549},"When should I use sorted() instead of list.sort()?",{"id":119453,"depth":98,"text":119551},"What does key= do in sorted()?",{"id":119463,"depth":98,"text":119553},"Why does sorted() give a TypeError?",{"id":2192,"depth":82,"text":2193},"Master python sorted function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained",{"title":117697,"description":119555},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained","LQH2I83gor3v6qTZiOQhBtX1q59uADx_8T7BkBYcca8",{"id":119562,"title":119563,"body":119564,"description":121675,"extension":2267,"meta":121676,"navigation":1121,"path":79198,"seo":121677,"stem":121678,"__hash__":121679},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained.md","Python sorted() vs list.sort() Explained",{"type":7,"value":119565,"toc":121622},[119566,119573,119576,119586,119592,119595,119613,119621,119623,119682,119690,119694,119716,119720,119724,119726,119743,119745,119757,119763,119847,119851,119898,119904,119911,119915,119920,119922,119934,119939,119992,119996,120016,120023,120030,120034,120037,120056,120060,120174,120178,120248,120250,120262,120267,120271,120284,120288,120363,120367,120406,120413,120419,120424,120428,120442,120446,120511,120515,120548,120551,120556,120564,120571,120584,120587,120591,120674,120678,120715,120719,120822,120826,120887,120892,120899,120903,120906,120912,120915,120982,120986,121010,121012,121030,121037,121090,121094,121114,121120,121122,121179,121186,121212,121217,121222,121230,121236,121296,121300,121347,121350,121352,121355,121381,121384,121477,121479,121499,121503,121506,121524,121530,121532,121540,121545,121552,121555,121561,121564,121570,121578,121586,121591,121593,121619],[10,119567,3871,119569,10624,119571,93154],{"id":119568},"python-sorted-vs-listsort-explained",[18,119570,74497],{},[18,119572,77940],{},[14,119574,119575],{},"Python gives you two common ways to sort values:",[240,119577,119578,119582],{},[243,119579,119580],{},[18,119581,74497],{},[243,119583,119584],{},[18,119585,77940],{},[14,119587,119588,119589,119591],{},"They look similar, but they do ",[435,119590,4916],{}," behave the same way.",[14,119593,119594],{},"The main difference is simple:",[240,119596,119597,119605],{},[243,119598,212,119599,119601,119602],{},[18,119600,74497],{}," when you want a ",[435,119603,119604],{},"new sorted result",[243,119606,212,119607,119609,119610],{},[18,119608,77940],{}," when you want to ",[435,119611,119612],{},"change the original list",[14,119614,119615,119616,1265,119618,119620],{},"This matters a lot for beginners, especially when ",[18,119617,77940],{},[18,119619,481],{}," and causes confusion.",[41,119622,44],{"id":43},[46,119624,119626],{"className":48,"code":119625,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)   # returns a new sorted list\nnumbers.sort()              # sorts the original list in place\n",[18,119627,119628,119648,119652,119669],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,119629,119630,119632,119634,119636,119638,119640,119642,119644,119646],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,119631,1168],{"class":902},[55,119633,906],{"class":703},[55,119635,909],{"class":65},[55,119637,2366],{"class":75},[55,119639,163],{"class":65},[55,119641,5782],{"class":75},[55,119643,163],{"class":65},[55,119645,166],{"class":75},[55,119647,924],{"class":65},[55,119649,119650],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,119651,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,119653,119654,119656,119658,119660,119662,119664,119666],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,119655,55960],{"class":902},[55,119657,906],{"class":703},[55,119659,74631],{"class":61},[55,119661,66],{"class":65},[55,119663,332],{"class":318},[55,119665,3953],{"class":65},[55,119667,119668],{"class":3956},"   # returns a new sorted list\n",[55,119670,119671,119673,119675,119677,119679],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,119672,332],{"class":902},[55,119674,29],{"class":65},[55,119676,34858],{"class":318},[55,119678,466],{"class":65},[55,119680,119681],{"class":3956},"              # sorts the original list in place\n",[14,119683,212,119684,119686,119687,119689],{},[18,119685,74497],{}," when you want a new result. Use ",[18,119688,77940],{}," when you want to change the existing list.",[41,119691,119693],{"id":119692},"what-this-page-helps-you-decide","What this page helps you decide",[240,119695,119696,119701,119706,119713],{},[243,119697,212,119698,119700],{},[18,119699,74497],{}," to get a new sorted list",[243,119702,212,119703,119705],{},[18,119704,77940],{}," to sort an existing list in place",[243,119707,119708,119709,1265,119711],{},"Understand why ",[18,119710,77940],{},[18,119712,481],{},[243,119714,119715],{},"See when each option is better for beginner code",[41,119717,3970,119718,3973],{"id":117795},[18,119719,74497],{},[14,119721,119722,62998],{},[18,119723,74497],{},[14,119725,48995],{},[240,119727,119728,119734,119740],{},[243,119729,119730,119731],{},"returns a ",[435,119732,119733],{},"new list",[243,119735,119736,119737,119739],{},"does ",[435,119738,4916],{}," change the original data",[243,119741,119742],{},"works with many iterable objects, not just lists",[14,119744,51202],{},[240,119746,119747,119749,119751,119753,119755],{},[243,119748,338],{},[243,119750,341],{},[243,119752,335],{},[243,119754,347],{},[243,119756,35970],{},[889,119758,35137,119760,119762],{"id":119759},"example-sorted-keeps-the-original-list-unchanged",[18,119761,74497],{}," keeps the original list unchanged",[46,119764,119766],{"className":48,"code":119765,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(\"original:\", numbers)\nprint(\"sorted result:\", result)\n",[18,119767,119768,119788,119792,119806,119810,119828],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,119769,119770,119772,119774,119776,119778,119780,119782,119784,119786],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,119771,1168],{"class":902},[55,119773,906],{"class":703},[55,119775,909],{"class":65},[55,119777,2366],{"class":75},[55,119779,163],{"class":65},[55,119781,5782],{"class":75},[55,119783,163],{"class":65},[55,119785,166],{"class":75},[55,119787,924],{"class":65},[55,119789,119790],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,119791,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,119793,119794,119796,119798,119800,119802,119804],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,119795,2534],{"class":902},[55,119797,906],{"class":703},[55,119799,74631],{"class":61},[55,119801,66],{"class":65},[55,119803,332],{"class":318},[55,119805,322],{"class":65},[55,119807,119808],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,119809,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,119811,119812,119814,119816,119818,119820,119822,119824,119826],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,119813,62],{"class":61},[55,119815,66],{"class":65},[55,119817,126],{"class":109},[55,119819,12197],{"class":129},[55,119821,126],{"class":109},[55,119823,163],{"class":65},[55,119825,1196],{"class":318},[55,119827,322],{"class":65},[55,119829,119830,119832,119834,119836,119839,119841,119843,119845],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,119831,62],{"class":61},[55,119833,66],{"class":65},[55,119835,126],{"class":109},[55,119837,119838],{"class":129},"sorted result:",[55,119840,126],{"class":109},[55,119842,163],{"class":65},[55,119844,81290],{"class":318},[55,119846,322],{"class":65},[14,119848,119849],{},[435,119850,281],{},[46,119852,119854],{"className":48,"code":119853,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"original: [3, 1, 2]\nsorted result: [1, 2, 3]\n",[18,119855,119856,119876],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,119857,119858,119860,119862,119864,119866,119868,119870,119872,119874],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,119859,12176],{"class":902},[55,119861,790],{"class":65},[55,119863,909],{"class":65},[55,119865,2366],{"class":75},[55,119867,163],{"class":65},[55,119869,5782],{"class":75},[55,119871,163],{"class":65},[55,119873,166],{"class":75},[55,119875,924],{"class":65},[55,119877,119878,119880,119882,119884,119886,119888,119890,119892,119894,119896],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,119879,74587],{"class":61},[55,119881,81290],{"class":902},[55,119883,790],{"class":65},[55,119885,909],{"class":65},[55,119887,93],{"class":75},[55,119889,163],{"class":65},[55,119891,166],{"class":75},[55,119893,163],{"class":65},[55,119895,171],{"class":75},[55,119897,924],{"class":65},[14,119899,119900,119901,119903],{},"The important part is that ",[18,119902,332],{}," stays the same.",[14,119905,119906,119907,29],{},"If you want a full function-focused explanation, see ",[294,119908,3871,119909,3804],{"href":74594},[18,119910,74497],{},[41,119912,3970,119913,3973],{"id":78006},[18,119914,77940],{},[14,119916,119917,119919],{},[18,119918,64384],{}," is a method that belongs to lists.",[14,119921,48995],{},[240,119923,119924,119927,119930],{},[243,119925,119926],{},"changes the original list directly",[243,119928,119929],{},"only works on lists",[243,119931,3985,119932],{},[18,119933,481],{},[889,119935,35137,119937,74035],{"id":119936},"example-listsort-changes-the-original-list",[18,119938,77940],{},[46,119940,119942],{"className":48,"code":119941,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,119943,119944,119964,119968,119978,119982],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,119945,119946,119948,119950,119952,119954,119956,119958,119960,119962],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,119947,1168],{"class":902},[55,119949,906],{"class":703},[55,119951,909],{"class":65},[55,119953,2366],{"class":75},[55,119955,163],{"class":65},[55,119957,5782],{"class":75},[55,119959,163],{"class":65},[55,119961,166],{"class":75},[55,119963,924],{"class":65},[55,119965,119966],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,119967,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,119969,119970,119972,119974,119976],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,119971,332],{"class":902},[55,119973,29],{"class":65},[55,119975,34858],{"class":318},[55,119977,1789],{"class":65},[55,119979,119980],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,119981,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,119983,119984,119986,119988,119990],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,119985,62],{"class":61},[55,119987,66],{"class":65},[55,119989,332],{"class":318},[55,119991,322],{"class":65},[14,119993,119994],{},[435,119995,281],{},[46,119997,119998],{"className":48,"code":55220,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,119999,120000],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,120001,120002,120004,120006,120008,120010,120012,120014],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,120003,4186],{"class":65},[55,120005,93],{"class":75},[55,120007,163],{"class":65},[55,120009,166],{"class":75},[55,120011,163],{"class":65},[55,120013,171],{"class":75},[55,120015,924],{"class":65},[14,120017,120018,120019,120022],{},"After calling ",[18,120020,120021],{},"numbers.sort()",", the list itself is changed.",[14,120024,120025,120026,29],{},"For a method-specific reference page, see ",[294,120027,3871,120028,10780],{"href":74848},[18,120029,77940],{},[41,120031,120033],{"id":120032},"main-difference-at-a-glance","Main difference at a glance",[14,120035,120036],{},"Here is the core difference:",[240,120038,120039,120048],{},[243,120040,120041,120044,120045],{},[18,120042,120043],{},"sorted(iterable)"," → returns a ",[435,120046,120047],{},"new sorted list",[243,120049,120050,120053,120054,74405],{},[18,120051,120052],{},"my_list.sort()"," → changes ",[18,120055,1477],{},[889,120057,120059],{"id":120058},"side-by-side-example","Side-by-side example",[46,120061,120063],{"className":48,"code":120062,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [5, 2, 4]\n\na = sorted(numbers)\nprint(\"numbers after sorted():\", numbers)\nprint(\"a:\", a)\n\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(\"numbers after sort():\", numbers)\n",[18,120064,120065,120085,120089,120103,120122,120141,120145,120155],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,120066,120067,120069,120071,120073,120075,120077,120079,120081,120083],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,120068,1168],{"class":902},[55,120070,906],{"class":703},[55,120072,909],{"class":65},[55,120074,688],{"class":75},[55,120076,163],{"class":65},[55,120078,166],{"class":75},[55,120080,163],{"class":65},[55,120082,2759],{"class":75},[55,120084,924],{"class":65},[55,120086,120087],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,120088,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,120090,120091,120093,120095,120097,120099,120101],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,120092,2857],{"class":902},[55,120094,906],{"class":703},[55,120096,74631],{"class":61},[55,120098,66],{"class":65},[55,120100,332],{"class":318},[55,120102,322],{"class":65},[55,120104,120105,120107,120109,120111,120114,120116,120118,120120],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,120106,62],{"class":61},[55,120108,66],{"class":65},[55,120110,126],{"class":109},[55,120112,120113],{"class":129},"numbers after sorted():",[55,120115,126],{"class":109},[55,120117,163],{"class":65},[55,120119,1196],{"class":318},[55,120121,322],{"class":65},[55,120123,120124,120126,120128,120130,120133,120135,120137,120139],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,120125,62],{"class":61},[55,120127,66],{"class":65},[55,120129,126],{"class":109},[55,120131,120132],{"class":129},"a:",[55,120134,126],{"class":109},[55,120136,163],{"class":65},[55,120138,56958],{"class":318},[55,120140,322],{"class":65},[55,120142,120143],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,120144,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,120146,120147,120149,120151,120153],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,120148,332],{"class":902},[55,120150,29],{"class":65},[55,120152,34858],{"class":318},[55,120154,1789],{"class":65},[55,120156,120157,120159,120161,120163,120166,120168,120170,120172],{"class":57,"line":582},[55,120158,62],{"class":61},[55,120160,66],{"class":65},[55,120162,126],{"class":109},[55,120164,120165],{"class":129},"numbers after sort():",[55,120167,126],{"class":109},[55,120169,163],{"class":65},[55,120171,1196],{"class":318},[55,120173,322],{"class":65},[14,120175,120176],{},[435,120177,281],{},[46,120179,120181],{"className":48,"code":120180,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers after sorted(): [5, 2, 4]\na: [2, 4, 5]\nnumbers after sort(): [2, 4, 5]\n",[18,120182,120183,120206,120226],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,120184,120185,120188,120190,120192,120194,120196,120198,120200,120202,120204],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,120186,120187],{"class":902},"numbers after ",[55,120189,74587],{"class":61},[55,120191,29639],{"class":65},[55,120193,909],{"class":65},[55,120195,688],{"class":75},[55,120197,163],{"class":65},[55,120199,166],{"class":75},[55,120201,163],{"class":65},[55,120203,2759],{"class":75},[55,120205,924],{"class":65},[55,120207,120208,120210,120212,120214,120216,120218,120220,120222,120224],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,120209,294],{"class":902},[55,120211,790],{"class":65},[55,120213,909],{"class":65},[55,120215,707],{"class":75},[55,120217,163],{"class":65},[55,120219,2759],{"class":75},[55,120221,163],{"class":65},[55,120223,4890],{"class":75},[55,120225,924],{"class":65},[55,120227,120228,120230,120232,120234,120236,120238,120240,120242,120244,120246],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,120229,120187],{"class":902},[55,120231,34858],{"class":318},[55,120233,29639],{"class":65},[55,120235,909],{"class":65},[55,120237,707],{"class":75},[55,120239,163],{"class":65},[55,120241,2759],{"class":75},[55,120243,163],{"class":65},[55,120245,4890],{"class":75},[55,120247,924],{"class":65},[14,120249,10752],{},[240,120251,120252,120257],{},[243,120253,120254,120256],{},[18,120255,74497],{}," keeps the original data unchanged",[243,120258,120259,120261],{},[18,120260,64384],{}," is useful when you do not need the original order anymore",[41,120263,5247,120265],{"id":120264},"when-to-use-sorted",[18,120266,74497],{},[14,120268,212,120269,10640],{},[18,120270,74497],{},[240,120272,120273,120276,120278,120281],{},[243,120274,120275],{},"you want to keep the original list unchanged",[243,120277,119045],{},[243,120279,120280],{},"you want to store the result in a new variable",[243,120282,120283],{},"you want clearer code that is easy to read",[889,120285,120287],{"id":120286},"example-sorting-a-tuple","Example: sorting a tuple",[46,120289,120291],{"className":48,"code":120290,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = (4, 1, 3, 2)\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[18,120292,120293,120317,120321,120335,120339,120349],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,120294,120295,120297,120299,120301,120303,120305,120307,120309,120311,120313,120315],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,120296,1168],{"class":902},[55,120298,906],{"class":703},[55,120300,9273],{"class":65},[55,120302,2807],{"class":75},[55,120304,163],{"class":65},[55,120306,5782],{"class":75},[55,120308,163],{"class":65},[55,120310,171],{"class":75},[55,120312,163],{"class":65},[55,120314,166],{"class":75},[55,120316,322],{"class":65},[55,120318,120319],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,120320,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,120322,120323,120325,120327,120329,120331,120333],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,120324,2534],{"class":902},[55,120326,906],{"class":703},[55,120328,74631],{"class":61},[55,120330,66],{"class":65},[55,120332,332],{"class":318},[55,120334,322],{"class":65},[55,120336,120337],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,120338,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,120340,120341,120343,120345,120347],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,120342,62],{"class":61},[55,120344,66],{"class":65},[55,120346,2569],{"class":318},[55,120348,322],{"class":65},[55,120350,120351,120353,120355,120357,120359,120361],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,120352,62],{"class":61},[55,120354,66],{"class":65},[55,120356,1879],{"class":69},[55,120358,66],{"class":65},[55,120360,2569],{"class":318},[55,120362,79],{"class":65},[14,120364,120365],{},[435,120366,281],{},[46,120368,120370],{"className":48,"code":120369,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[18,120371,120372,120392],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,120373,120374,120376,120378,120380,120382,120384,120386,120388,120390],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,120375,4186],{"class":65},[55,120377,93],{"class":75},[55,120379,163],{"class":65},[55,120381,166],{"class":75},[55,120383,163],{"class":65},[55,120385,171],{"class":75},[55,120387,163],{"class":65},[55,120389,2759],{"class":75},[55,120391,924],{"class":65},[55,120393,120394,120396,120398,120400,120402,120404],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,120395,1911],{"class":703},[55,120397,1915],{"class":1914},[55,120399,1918],{"class":109},[55,120401,1229],{"class":129},[55,120403,1923],{"class":109},[55,120405,1926],{"class":703},[14,120407,2591,120408,120410,120411,29],{},[18,120409,74497],{}," can sort a tuple, but the result is a ",[435,120412,1229],{},[14,120414,120415,120416,120418],{},"If you are still learning list behavior, ",[294,120417,52841],{"href":51048}," is a helpful next step.",[41,120420,5247,120422],{"id":120421},"when-to-use-listsort",[18,120423,77940],{},[14,120425,212,120426,10640],{},[18,120427,77940],{},[240,120429,120430,120433,120436,120439],{},[243,120431,120432],{},"you already have a list",[243,120434,120435],{},"you want to update that list directly",[243,120437,120438],{},"you do not need the original order anymore",[243,120440,120441],{},"you want a simple in-place change",[889,120443,120445],{"id":120444},"example-sorting-one-list-directly","Example: sorting one list directly",[46,120447,120449],{"className":48,"code":120448,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"names = [\"Charlie\", \"Alice\", \"Bob\"]\n\nnames.sort()\n\nprint(names)\n",[18,120450,120451,120483,120487,120497,120501],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,120452,120453,120455,120457,120459,120461,120463,120465,120467,120469,120471,120473,120475,120477,120479,120481],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,120454,5281],{"class":902},[55,120456,906],{"class":703},[55,120458,909],{"class":65},[55,120460,126],{"class":109},[55,120462,5308],{"class":129},[55,120464,126],{"class":109},[55,120466,163],{"class":65},[55,120468,793],{"class":109},[55,120470,5290],{"class":129},[55,120472,126],{"class":109},[55,120474,163],{"class":65},[55,120476,793],{"class":109},[55,120478,5299],{"class":129},[55,120480,126],{"class":109},[55,120482,924],{"class":65},[55,120484,120485],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,120486,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,120488,120489,120491,120493,120495],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,120490,5325],{"class":902},[55,120492,29],{"class":65},[55,120494,34858],{"class":318},[55,120496,1789],{"class":65},[55,120498,120499],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,120500,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,120502,120503,120505,120507,120509],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,120504,62],{"class":61},[55,120506,66],{"class":65},[55,120508,5325],{"class":318},[55,120510,322],{"class":65},[14,120512,120513],{},[435,120514,281],{},[46,120516,120518],{"className":48,"code":120517,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\n",[18,120519,120520],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,120521,120522,120524,120526,120528,120530,120532,120534,120536,120538,120540,120542,120544,120546],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,120523,4186],{"class":65},[55,120525,1923],{"class":109},[55,120527,5290],{"class":129},[55,120529,1923],{"class":109},[55,120531,163],{"class":65},[55,120533,1918],{"class":109},[55,120535,5299],{"class":129},[55,120537,1923],{"class":109},[55,120539,163],{"class":65},[55,120541,1918],{"class":109},[55,120543,5308],{"class":129},[55,120545,1923],{"class":109},[55,120547,924],{"class":65},[14,120549,120550],{},"This is a good choice when you only need the list in sorted form and do not care about keeping the old order.",[14,120552,120553,120554,29],{},"If your goal is the task itself, see ",[294,120555,79946],{"href":78449},[41,120557,120559,4679,120561,120563],{"id":120558},"reverse-and-key-work-with-both",[18,120560,73650],{},[18,120562,14888],{}," work with both",[14,120565,10629,120566,4679,120568,120570],{},[18,120567,74497],{},[18,120569,77940],{}," support:",[240,120572,120573,120578],{},[243,120574,120575,120577],{},[18,120576,78164],{}," for descending order",[243,120579,120580,120583],{},[18,120581,120582],{},"key=..."," for custom sorting rules",[14,120585,120586],{},"The sorting behavior is very similar. The main difference is still whether you get a new list or change the original one.",[889,120588,120590],{"id":120589},"example-descending-order","Example: descending order",[46,120592,120594],{"className":48,"code":120593,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,120595,120596,120616,120620,120642,120646,120664],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,120597,120598,120600,120602,120604,120606,120608,120610,120612,120614],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,120599,1168],{"class":902},[55,120601,906],{"class":703},[55,120603,909],{"class":65},[55,120605,2366],{"class":75},[55,120607,163],{"class":65},[55,120609,5782],{"class":75},[55,120611,163],{"class":65},[55,120613,166],{"class":75},[55,120615,924],{"class":65},[55,120617,120618],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,120619,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,120621,120622,120624,120626,120628,120630,120632,120634,120636,120638,120640],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,120623,62],{"class":61},[55,120625,66],{"class":65},[55,120627,74587],{"class":61},[55,120629,66],{"class":65},[55,120631,332],{"class":318},[55,120633,163],{"class":65},[55,120635,78143],{"class":9212},[55,120637,906],{"class":703},[55,120639,24],{"class":187},[55,120641,79],{"class":65},[55,120643,120644],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,120645,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,120647,120648,120650,120652,120654,120656,120658,120660,120662],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,120649,332],{"class":902},[55,120651,29],{"class":65},[55,120653,34858],{"class":318},[55,120655,66],{"class":65},[55,120657,73650],{"class":9212},[55,120659,906],{"class":703},[55,120661,24],{"class":187},[55,120663,322],{"class":65},[55,120665,120666,120668,120670,120672],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,120667,62],{"class":61},[55,120669,66],{"class":65},[55,120671,332],{"class":318},[55,120673,322],{"class":65},[14,120675,120676],{},[435,120677,281],{},[46,120679,120681],{"className":48,"code":120680,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[3, 2, 1]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[18,120682,120683,120699],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,120684,120685,120687,120689,120691,120693,120695,120697],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,120686,4186],{"class":65},[55,120688,2366],{"class":75},[55,120690,163],{"class":65},[55,120692,166],{"class":75},[55,120694,163],{"class":65},[55,120696,5782],{"class":75},[55,120698,924],{"class":65},[55,120700,120701,120703,120705,120707,120709,120711,120713],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,120702,4186],{"class":65},[55,120704,2366],{"class":75},[55,120706,163],{"class":65},[55,120708,166],{"class":75},[55,120710,163],{"class":65},[55,120712,5782],{"class":75},[55,120714,924],{"class":65},[889,120716,120718],{"id":120717},"example-case-insensitive-sorting","Example: case-insensitive sorting",[46,120720,120722],{"className":48,"code":120721,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words, key=str.lower))\n\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\nprint(words)\n",[18,120723,120724,120756,120760,120786,120790,120812],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,120725,120726,120728,120730,120732,120734,120736,120738,120740,120742,120744,120746,120748,120750,120752,120754],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,120727,4355],{"class":902},[55,120729,906],{"class":703},[55,120731,909],{"class":65},[55,120733,126],{"class":109},[55,120735,83436],{"class":129},[55,120737,126],{"class":109},[55,120739,163],{"class":65},[55,120741,793],{"class":109},[55,120743,4364],{"class":129},[55,120745,126],{"class":109},[55,120747,163],{"class":65},[55,120749,793],{"class":109},[55,120751,118910],{"class":129},[55,120753,126],{"class":109},[55,120755,924],{"class":65},[55,120757,120758],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,120759,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,120761,120762,120764,120766,120768,120770,120772,120774,120776,120778,120780,120782,120784],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,120763,62],{"class":61},[55,120765,66],{"class":65},[55,120767,74587],{"class":61},[55,120769,66],{"class":65},[55,120771,4399],{"class":318},[55,120773,163],{"class":65},[55,120775,21631],{"class":9212},[55,120777,906],{"class":703},[55,120779,3738],{"class":69},[55,120781,29],{"class":65},[55,120783,1786],{"class":24803},[55,120785,79],{"class":65},[55,120787,120788],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,120789,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,120791,120792,120794,120796,120798,120800,120802,120804,120806,120808,120810],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,120793,4399],{"class":902},[55,120795,29],{"class":65},[55,120797,34858],{"class":318},[55,120799,66],{"class":65},[55,120801,14888],{"class":9212},[55,120803,906],{"class":703},[55,120805,3738],{"class":69},[55,120807,29],{"class":65},[55,120809,1786],{"class":24803},[55,120811,322],{"class":65},[55,120813,120814,120816,120818,120820],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,120815,62],{"class":61},[55,120817,66],{"class":65},[55,120819,4399],{"class":318},[55,120821,322],{"class":65},[14,120823,120824],{},[435,120825,281],{},[46,120827,120829],{"className":48,"code":120828,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[18,120830,120831,120859],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,120832,120833,120835,120837,120839,120841,120843,120845,120847,120849,120851,120853,120855,120857],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,120834,4186],{"class":65},[55,120836,1923],{"class":109},[55,120838,4364],{"class":129},[55,120840,1923],{"class":109},[55,120842,163],{"class":65},[55,120844,1918],{"class":109},[55,120846,83436],{"class":129},[55,120848,1923],{"class":109},[55,120850,163],{"class":65},[55,120852,1918],{"class":109},[55,120854,118910],{"class":129},[55,120856,1923],{"class":109},[55,120858,924],{"class":65},[55,120860,120861,120863,120865,120867,120869,120871,120873,120875,120877,120879,120881,120883,120885],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,120862,4186],{"class":65},[55,120864,1923],{"class":109},[55,120866,4364],{"class":129},[55,120868,1923],{"class":109},[55,120870,163],{"class":65},[55,120872,1918],{"class":109},[55,120874,83436],{"class":129},[55,120876,1923],{"class":109},[55,120878,163],{"class":65},[55,120880,1918],{"class":109},[55,120882,118910],{"class":129},[55,120884,1923],{"class":109},[55,120886,924],{"class":65},[14,120888,1556,120889,120891],{},[18,120890,78658],{}," tells Python to compare words in lowercase form.",[14,120893,120894,120895,29],{},"For more advanced custom sorting, especially with dictionaries, see ",[294,120896,120898],{"href":120897},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-of-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","How to sort a list of dictionaries in Python",[41,120900,120902],{"id":120901},"beginner-mistakes-to-watch-for","Beginner mistakes to watch for",[14,120904,120905],{},"These are the most common problems beginners run into.",[889,120907,120909,120910,12641],{"id":120908},"mistake-1-assigning-listsort-to-a-variable","Mistake 1: Assigning ",[18,120911,77940],{},[14,120913,120914],{},"This is probably the most common one.",[46,120916,120918],{"className":48,"code":120917,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,120919,120920,120940,120944,120958,120962,120972],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,120921,120922,120924,120926,120928,120930,120932,120934,120936,120938],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,120923,1168],{"class":902},[55,120925,906],{"class":703},[55,120927,909],{"class":65},[55,120929,2366],{"class":75},[55,120931,163],{"class":65},[55,120933,5782],{"class":75},[55,120935,163],{"class":65},[55,120937,166],{"class":75},[55,120939,924],{"class":65},[55,120941,120942],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,120943,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,120945,120946,120948,120950,120952,120954,120956],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,120947,2534],{"class":902},[55,120949,906],{"class":703},[55,120951,1196],{"class":902},[55,120953,29],{"class":65},[55,120955,34858],{"class":318},[55,120957,1789],{"class":65},[55,120959,120960],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,120961,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,120963,120964,120966,120968,120970],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,120965,62],{"class":61},[55,120967,66],{"class":65},[55,120969,2569],{"class":318},[55,120971,322],{"class":65},[55,120973,120974,120976,120978,120980],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,120975,62],{"class":61},[55,120977,66],{"class":65},[55,120979,332],{"class":318},[55,120981,322],{"class":65},[14,120983,120984],{},[435,120985,281],{},[46,120987,120988],{"className":48,"code":79281,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,120989,120990,120994],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,120991,120992],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,120993,11851],{"class":187},[55,120995,120996,120998,121000,121002,121004,121006,121008],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,120997,4186],{"class":65},[55,120999,93],{"class":75},[55,121001,163],{"class":65},[55,121003,166],{"class":75},[55,121005,163],{"class":65},[55,121007,171],{"class":75},[55,121009,924],{"class":65},[14,121011,11943],{},[240,121013,121014,121019,121024],{},[243,121015,121016,121018],{},[18,121017,120021],{}," sorts the list in place",[243,121020,35074,121021,121023],{},[435,121022,4916],{}," return the sorted list",[243,121025,90060,121026,42220,121028],{},[18,121027,2569],{},[18,121029,481],{},[889,121031,121033,121034,121036],{"id":121032},"mistake-2-expecting-sorted-to-change-the-original-list","Mistake 2: Expecting ",[18,121035,74497],{}," to change the original list",[46,121038,121040],{"className":48,"code":121039,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,121041,121042,121062,121066,121076,121080],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,121043,121044,121046,121048,121050,121052,121054,121056,121058,121060],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,121045,1168],{"class":902},[55,121047,906],{"class":703},[55,121049,909],{"class":65},[55,121051,2366],{"class":75},[55,121053,163],{"class":65},[55,121055,5782],{"class":75},[55,121057,163],{"class":65},[55,121059,166],{"class":75},[55,121061,924],{"class":65},[55,121063,121064],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,121065,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,121067,121068,121070,121072,121074],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,121069,74587],{"class":61},[55,121071,66],{"class":65},[55,121073,332],{"class":318},[55,121075,322],{"class":65},[55,121077,121078],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,121079,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,121081,121082,121084,121086,121088],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,121083,62],{"class":61},[55,121085,66],{"class":65},[55,121087,332],{"class":318},[55,121089,322],{"class":65},[14,121091,121092],{},[435,121093,281],{},[46,121095,121096],{"className":48,"code":119242,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,121097,121098],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,121099,121100,121102,121104,121106,121108,121110,121112],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,121101,4186],{"class":65},[55,121103,2366],{"class":75},[55,121105,163],{"class":65},[55,121107,5782],{"class":75},[55,121109,163],{"class":65},[55,121111,166],{"class":75},[55,121113,924],{"class":65},[14,121115,121116,121119],{},[18,121117,121118],{},"sorted(numbers)"," creates a new sorted list, but here the result is not saved anywhere.",[14,121121,10847],{},[46,121123,121125],{"className":48,"code":121124,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n",[18,121126,121127,121147,121151,121165,121169],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,121128,121129,121131,121133,121135,121137,121139,121141,121143,121145],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,121130,1168],{"class":902},[55,121132,906],{"class":703},[55,121134,909],{"class":65},[55,121136,2366],{"class":75},[55,121138,163],{"class":65},[55,121140,5782],{"class":75},[55,121142,163],{"class":65},[55,121144,166],{"class":75},[55,121146,924],{"class":65},[55,121148,121149],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,121150,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,121152,121153,121155,121157,121159,121161,121163],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,121154,55712],{"class":902},[55,121156,906],{"class":703},[55,121158,74631],{"class":61},[55,121160,66],{"class":65},[55,121162,332],{"class":318},[55,121164,322],{"class":65},[55,121166,121167],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,121168,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,121170,121171,121173,121175,121177],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,121172,62],{"class":61},[55,121174,66],{"class":65},[55,121176,55731],{"class":318},[55,121178,322],{"class":65},[889,121180,121182,121183,121185],{"id":121181},"mistake-3-trying-to-call-sort-on-a-tuple-or-string","Mistake 3: Trying to call ",[18,121184,64384],{}," on a tuple or string",[46,121187,121188],{"className":48,"code":79383,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,121189,121190,121202],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,121191,121192,121194,121196,121198,121200],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,121193,34746],{"class":902},[55,121195,906],{"class":703},[55,121197,793],{"class":109},[55,121199,50],{"class":129},[55,121201,1052],{"class":109},[55,121203,121204,121206,121208,121210],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,121205,34767],{"class":902},[55,121207,29],{"class":65},[55,121209,34858],{"class":318},[55,121211,1789],{"class":65},[14,121213,121214,121215,33658],{},"This will fail because strings do not have a ",[18,121216,64384],{},[14,121218,121219,121221],{},[18,121220,64384],{}," only works on lists.",[14,121223,121224,121225,121227,121228,29],{},"If you need to sort other iterable objects, use ",[18,121226,74497],{},". This is easier to understand if you know what an iterable is, so you may also want to read ",[294,121229,5423],{"href":5867},[889,121231,121233,121234,119279],{"id":121232},"mistake-4-forgetting-that-sorted-always-returns-a-list","Mistake 4: Forgetting that ",[18,121235,74497],{},[46,121237,121239],{"className":48,"code":121238,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"cab\"\nresult = sorted(text)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[18,121240,121241,121254,121268,121272,121282],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,121242,121243,121245,121247,121249,121252],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,121244,34746],{"class":902},[55,121246,906],{"class":703},[55,121248,793],{"class":109},[55,121250,121251],{"class":129},"cab",[55,121253,1052],{"class":109},[55,121255,121256,121258,121260,121262,121264,121266],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,121257,2534],{"class":902},[55,121259,906],{"class":703},[55,121261,74631],{"class":61},[55,121263,66],{"class":65},[55,121265,34767],{"class":318},[55,121267,322],{"class":65},[55,121269,121270],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,121271,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,121273,121274,121276,121278,121280],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,121275,62],{"class":61},[55,121277,66],{"class":65},[55,121279,2569],{"class":318},[55,121281,322],{"class":65},[55,121283,121284,121286,121288,121290,121292,121294],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,121285,62],{"class":61},[55,121287,66],{"class":65},[55,121289,1879],{"class":69},[55,121291,66],{"class":65},[55,121293,2569],{"class":318},[55,121295,79],{"class":65},[14,121297,121298],{},[435,121299,281],{},[46,121301,121303],{"className":48,"code":121302,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[18,121304,121305,121333],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,121306,121307,121309,121311,121313,121315,121317,121319,121321,121323,121325,121327,121329,121331],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,121308,4186],{"class":65},[55,121310,1923],{"class":109},[55,121312,294],{"class":129},[55,121314,1923],{"class":109},[55,121316,163],{"class":65},[55,121318,1918],{"class":109},[55,121320,5046],{"class":129},[55,121322,1923],{"class":109},[55,121324,163],{"class":65},[55,121326,1918],{"class":109},[55,121328,9777],{"class":129},[55,121330,1923],{"class":109},[55,121332,924],{"class":65},[55,121334,121335,121337,121339,121341,121343,121345],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,121336,1911],{"class":703},[55,121338,1915],{"class":1914},[55,121340,1918],{"class":109},[55,121342,1229],{"class":129},[55,121344,1923],{"class":109},[55,121346,1926],{"class":703},[14,121348,121349],{},"Even though the original value was a string, the result is still a list.",[41,121351,113800],{"id":113799},[14,121353,121354],{},"Beginners usually mix these up for one of these reasons:",[240,121356,121357,121360,121365,121370,121376],{},[243,121358,121359],{},"confusing a function with a method",[243,121361,121362,121363,53714],{},"not knowing that ",[18,121364,64384],{},[243,121366,121367,121368,12641],{},"assigning the result of ",[18,121369,77940],{},[243,121371,121372,121373,121375],{},"trying to use ",[18,121374,64384],{}," on non-list data types",[243,121377,50574,121378,121380],{},[18,121379,74497],{}," to preserve the original data type, such as tuple or string",[14,121382,121383],{},"If something is not behaving the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[46,121385,121387],{"className":48,"code":121386,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(my_list)\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nresult = my_list.sort(); print(result)\nprint(type(my_data))\nhelp(sorted)\nhelp(list.sort)\n",[18,121388,121389,121399,121413,121438,121453,121463],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,121390,121391,121393,121395,121397],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,121392,62],{"class":61},[55,121394,66],{"class":65},[55,121396,1477],{"class":318},[55,121398,322],{"class":65},[55,121400,121401,121403,121405,121407,121409,121411],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,121402,62],{"class":61},[55,121404,66],{"class":65},[55,121406,74587],{"class":61},[55,121408,66],{"class":65},[55,121410,1477],{"class":318},[55,121412,79],{"class":65},[55,121414,121415,121417,121419,121421,121423,121425,121427,121430,121432,121434,121436],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,121416,2534],{"class":902},[55,121418,906],{"class":703},[55,121420,1534],{"class":902},[55,121422,29],{"class":65},[55,121424,34858],{"class":318},[55,121426,466],{"class":65},[55,121428,121429],{"class":902},"; ",[55,121431,62],{"class":61},[55,121433,66],{"class":65},[55,121435,2569],{"class":318},[55,121437,322],{"class":65},[55,121439,121440,121442,121444,121446,121448,121451],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,121441,62],{"class":61},[55,121443,66],{"class":65},[55,121445,1879],{"class":69},[55,121447,66],{"class":65},[55,121449,121450],{"class":318},"my_data",[55,121452,79],{"class":65},[55,121454,121455,121457,121459,121461],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,121456,32209],{"class":61},[55,121458,66],{"class":65},[55,121460,74587],{"class":61},[55,121462,322],{"class":65},[55,121464,121465,121467,121469,121471,121473,121475],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,121466,32209],{"class":61},[55,121468,66],{"class":65},[55,121470,1229],{"class":69},[55,121472,29],{"class":65},[55,121474,34858],{"class":24803},[55,121476,322],{"class":65},[14,121478,84446],{},[240,121480,121481,121484,121488,121496],{},[243,121482,121483],{},"whether your original list changed",[243,121485,26073,121486,11748],{},[18,121487,74497],{},[243,121489,121490,121491,121493,121494],{},"whether ",[18,121492,64384],{}," returned ",[18,121495,481],{},[243,121497,121498],{},"what type of object you are working with",[41,121500,121502],{"id":121501},"simple-rule-to-remember","Simple rule to remember",[14,121504,121505],{},"Use this rule:",[240,121507,121508,121516],{},[243,121509,121510,121511,121513,121514],{},"Need a ",[435,121512,119604],{},": use ",[18,121515,74497],{},[243,121517,121518,121519,121513,121522],{},"Need to ",[435,121520,121521],{},"change one list directly",[18,121523,77940],{},[14,121525,121526,121527,121529],{},"For many beginners, ",[18,121528,74497],{}," feels easier because it is more explicit and does not silently change the original list.",[41,121531,2139],{"id":2138},[889,121533,121535,121536,25,121538,2794],{"id":121534},"which-is-better-for-beginners-sorted-or-listsort","Which is better for beginners, ",[18,121537,74497],{},[18,121539,77940],{},[14,121541,121542,121544],{},[18,121543,74497],{}," is often easier to understand because it returns a new result and does not change the original data.",[889,121546,5444,121548,5447,121550,2794],{"id":121547},"why-does-listsort-return-none",[18,121549,77940],{},[18,121551,481],{},[14,121553,121554],{},"Because it changes the list directly instead of creating and returning a new sorted list.",[889,121556,5456,121558,121560],{"id":121557},"can-sorted-sort-a-tuple",[18,121559,74497],{}," sort a tuple?",[14,121562,121563],{},"Yes. It can sort any iterable, but it returns a list.",[889,121565,28383,121567,121569],{"id":121566},"can-i-use-sort-on-a-string",[18,121568,64384],{}," on a string?",[14,121571,46432,121572,121574,121575,39993],{},[18,121573,64384],{}," is a list method. Use ",[18,121576,121577],{},"sorted(string)",[889,121579,11862,121581,4679,121583,121585],{"id":121580},"do-sorted-and-sort-both-support-descending-order",[18,121582,74497],{},[18,121584,64384],{}," both support descending order?",[14,121587,121588,121589,29],{},"Yes. Both support ",[18,121590,78164],{},[41,121592,2193],{"id":2192},[240,121594,121595,121601,121607,121611,121615],{},[243,121596,121597],{},[294,121598,3871,121599,3804],{"href":74594},[18,121600,74497],{},[243,121602,121603],{},[294,121604,3871,121605,10780],{"href":74848},[18,121606,77940],{},[243,121608,121609],{},[294,121610,79946],{"href":78449},[243,121612,121613],{},[294,121614,120898],{"href":120897},[243,121616,121617],{},[294,121618,52841],{"href":51048},[2226,121620,121621],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":121623},[121624,121625,121626,121630,121634,121637,121641,121645,121650,121660,121661,121662,121674],{"id":43,"depth":82,"text":44},{"id":119692,"depth":82,"text":119693},{"id":117795,"depth":82,"text":119517,"children":121627},[121628],{"id":119759,"depth":98,"text":121629},"Example: sorted() keeps the original list unchanged",{"id":78006,"depth":82,"text":79968,"children":121631},[121632],{"id":119936,"depth":98,"text":121633},"Example: list.sort() changes the original list",{"id":120032,"depth":82,"text":120033,"children":121635},[121636],{"id":120058,"depth":98,"text":120059},{"id":120264,"depth":82,"text":121638,"children":121639},"When to use sorted()",[121640],{"id":120286,"depth":98,"text":120287},{"id":120421,"depth":82,"text":121642,"children":121643},"When to use list.sort()",[121644],{"id":120444,"depth":98,"text":120445},{"id":120558,"depth":82,"text":121646,"children":121647},"reverse and key work with both",[121648,121649],{"id":120589,"depth":98,"text":120590},{"id":120717,"depth":98,"text":120718},{"id":120901,"depth":82,"text":120902,"children":121651},[121652,121654,121656,121658],{"id":120908,"depth":98,"text":121653},"Mistake 1: Assigning list.sort() to a variable",{"id":121032,"depth":98,"text":121655},"Mistake 2: Expecting sorted() to change the original list",{"id":121181,"depth":98,"text":121657},"Mistake 3: Trying to call sort() on a tuple or string",{"id":121232,"depth":98,"text":121659},"Mistake 4: Forgetting that sorted() always returns a list",{"id":113799,"depth":82,"text":113800},{"id":121501,"depth":82,"text":121502},{"id":2138,"depth":82,"text":2139,"children":121663},[121664,121666,121668,121670,121672],{"id":121534,"depth":98,"text":121665},"Which is better for beginners, sorted() or list.sort()?",{"id":121547,"depth":98,"text":121667},"Why does list.sort() return None?",{"id":121557,"depth":98,"text":121669},"Can sorted() sort a tuple?",{"id":121566,"depth":98,"text":121671},"Can I use sort() on a string?",{"id":121580,"depth":98,"text":121673},"Do sorted() and sort() both support descending order?",{"id":2192,"depth":82,"text":2193},"Master python sorted vs list.sort explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":119563,"description":121675},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","X_9GbXWbpLil07A8gxuHLi2EoRTNXkAwL_w70GVpp14",{"id":121681,"title":42241,"body":121682,"description":123414,"extension":2267,"meta":123415,"navigation":1121,"path":123416,"seo":123417,"stem":123418,"__hash__":123419},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":121683,"toc":123371},[121684,121689,121694,121700,121702,121757,121761,121784,121789,121794,121799,121801,121832,121835,121849,121851,121853,121868,121873,121877,121880,121931,121935,121949,121956,121960,121964,122019,122023,122046,122050,122106,122110,122133,122137,122192,122196,122219,122223,122290,122294,122329,122335,122340,122345,122347,122361,122363,122437,122441,122461,122466,122473,122476,122488,122490,122559,122563,122600,122603,122628,122635,122644,122647,122659,122665,122671,122673,122679,122684,122763,122767,122808,122812,122814,122841,122844,122867,122870,122876,122879,122916,122928,122935,122937,122988,122991,123023,123026,123028,123035,123037,123052,123054,123111,123115,123139,123141,123146,123162,123169,123173,123176,123259,123269,123271,123276,123279,123285,123288,123294,123297,123303,123306,123313,123321,123323,123368],[10,121685,3871,121687,3875],{"id":121686},"python-str-function-explained",[18,121688,47751],{},[14,121690,32374,121691,121693],{},[18,121692,47751],{}," function converts a value into a string.",[14,121695,121696,121697,121699],{},"A string is text in Python. Beginners often use ",[18,121698,47751],{}," when they need to turn a number into text before combining it with other strings.",[41,121701,2308],{"id":2307},[46,121703,121705],{"className":48,"code":121704,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[18,121706,121707,121715,121729,121733,121743],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,121708,121709,121711,121713],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,121710,21680],{"class":902},[55,121712,906],{"class":703},[55,121714,45292],{"class":75},[55,121716,121717,121719,121721,121723,121725,121727],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,121718,34746],{"class":902},[55,121720,906],{"class":703},[55,121722,48972],{"class":69},[55,121724,66],{"class":65},[55,121726,9336],{"class":318},[55,121728,322],{"class":65},[55,121730,121731],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,121732,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,121734,121735,121737,121739,121741],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,121736,62],{"class":61},[55,121738,66],{"class":65},[55,121740,34767],{"class":318},[55,121742,322],{"class":65},[55,121744,121745,121747,121749,121751,121753,121755],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,121746,62],{"class":61},[55,121748,66],{"class":65},[55,121750,1879],{"class":69},[55,121752,66],{"class":65},[55,121754,34767],{"class":318},[55,121756,79],{"class":65},[14,121758,121759],{},[435,121760,281],{},[46,121762,121764],{"className":48,"code":121763,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,121765,121766,121770],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,121767,121768],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,121769,3012],{"class":75},[55,121771,121772,121774,121776,121778,121780,121782],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,121773,1911],{"class":703},[55,121775,1915],{"class":1914},[55,121777,1918],{"class":109},[55,121779,3738],{"class":129},[55,121781,1923],{"class":109},[55,121783,1926],{"class":703},[14,121785,212,121786,121788],{},[18,121787,47751],{}," when you need a string version of a value, such as a number before joining or concatenating text.",[41,121790,3970,121792,3973],{"id":121791},"what-str-does",[18,121793,47751],{},[14,121795,121796,121798],{},[18,121797,47751],{}," converts a value into a string.",[14,121800,2410],{},[240,121802,121803,121810,121817,121824],{},[243,121804,121805,121806,42220,121808],{},"An integer like ",[18,121807,376],{},[18,121809,42191],{},[243,121811,121812,121813,42220,121815],{},"A float like ",[18,121814,40207],{},[18,121816,48162],{},[243,121818,121819,121820,42220,121822],{},"A boolean like ",[18,121821,24],{},[18,121823,6916],{},[243,121825,121826,121827,42220,121829],{},"A list like ",[18,121828,75319],{},[18,121830,121831],{},"\"[1, 2, 3]\"",[14,121833,121834],{},"The result is text, so you can:",[240,121836,121837,121840,121843,121846],{},[243,121838,121839],{},"print it",[243,121841,121842],{},"combine it with other strings",[243,121844,121845],{},"save it to a file",[243,121847,121848],{},"use it in messages",[41,121850,2460],{"id":2459},[14,121852,304],{},[46,121854,121856],{"className":48,"code":121855,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"str(object)\n",[18,121857,121858],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,121859,121860,121862,121864,121866],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,121861,3738],{"class":69},[55,121863,66],{"class":65},[55,121865,42464],{"class":69},[55,121867,322],{"class":65},[14,121869,20822,121870,121872],{},[18,121871,42464],{}," is the value you want to convert.",[14,121874,121875,1363],{},[18,121876,47751],{},[14,121878,121879],{},"A very common beginner use case is converting a number before combining it with text:",[46,121881,121883],{"className":48,"code":121882,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"score = 100\nmessage = \"Your score is \" + str(score)\n\nprint(message)\n",[18,121884,121885,121894,121917,121921],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,121886,121887,121889,121891],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,121888,5382],{"class":902},[55,121890,906],{"class":703},[55,121892,121893],{"class":75}," 100\n",[55,121895,121896,121898,121900,121902,121905,121907,121909,121911,121913,121915],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,121897,90080],{"class":902},[55,121899,906],{"class":703},[55,121901,793],{"class":109},[55,121903,121904],{"class":129},"Your score is ",[55,121906,126],{"class":109},[55,121908,2756],{"class":703},[55,121910,48972],{"class":69},[55,121912,66],{"class":65},[55,121914,85593],{"class":318},[55,121916,322],{"class":65},[55,121918,121919],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,121920,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,121922,121923,121925,121927,121929],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,121924,62],{"class":61},[55,121926,66],{"class":65},[55,121928,90097],{"class":318},[55,121930,322],{"class":65},[14,121932,121933],{},[435,121934,281],{},[46,121936,121938],{"className":48,"code":121937,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Your score is 100\n",[18,121939,121940],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,121941,121942,121945,121947],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,121943,121944],{"class":902},"Your score ",[55,121946,12237],{"class":703},[55,121948,121893],{"class":75},[14,121950,2601,121951,121955],{},[294,121952,121953,2607],{"href":1581},[18,121954,2606],{}," can help you check.",[41,121957,121959],{"id":121958},"simple-examples","Simple examples",[889,121961,121963],{"id":121962},"convert-an-integer-to-a-string","Convert an integer to a string",[46,121965,121967],{"className":48,"code":121966,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"number = 10\ntext = str(number)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[18,121968,121969,121977,121991,121995,122005],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,121970,121971,121973,121975],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,121972,2521],{"class":902},[55,121974,906],{"class":703},[55,121976,2890],{"class":75},[55,121978,121979,121981,121983,121985,121987,121989],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,121980,34746],{"class":902},[55,121982,906],{"class":703},[55,121984,48972],{"class":69},[55,121986,66],{"class":65},[55,121988,2544],{"class":318},[55,121990,322],{"class":65},[55,121992,121993],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,121994,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,121996,121997,121999,122001,122003],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,121998,62],{"class":61},[55,122000,66],{"class":65},[55,122002,34767],{"class":318},[55,122004,322],{"class":65},[55,122006,122007,122009,122011,122013,122015,122017],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,122008,62],{"class":61},[55,122010,66],{"class":65},[55,122012,1879],{"class":69},[55,122014,66],{"class":65},[55,122016,34767],{"class":318},[55,122018,79],{"class":65},[14,122020,122021],{},[435,122022,281],{},[46,122024,122026],{"className":48,"code":122025,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"10\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,122027,122028,122032],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,122029,122030],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,122031,2680],{"class":75},[55,122033,122034,122036,122038,122040,122042,122044],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,122035,1911],{"class":703},[55,122037,1915],{"class":1914},[55,122039,1918],{"class":109},[55,122041,3738],{"class":129},[55,122043,1923],{"class":109},[55,122045,1926],{"class":703},[889,122047,122049],{"id":122048},"convert-a-float-to-a-string","Convert a float to a string",[46,122051,122053],{"className":48,"code":122052,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"price = 3.14\ntext = str(price)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[18,122054,122055,122064,122078,122082,122092],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,122056,122057,122059,122061],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,122058,40451],{"class":902},[55,122060,906],{"class":703},[55,122062,122063],{"class":75}," 3.14\n",[55,122065,122066,122068,122070,122072,122074,122076],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,122067,34746],{"class":902},[55,122069,906],{"class":703},[55,122071,48972],{"class":69},[55,122073,66],{"class":65},[55,122075,25203],{"class":318},[55,122077,322],{"class":65},[55,122079,122080],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,122081,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,122083,122084,122086,122088,122090],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,122085,62],{"class":61},[55,122087,66],{"class":65},[55,122089,34767],{"class":318},[55,122091,322],{"class":65},[55,122093,122094,122096,122098,122100,122102,122104],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,122095,62],{"class":61},[55,122097,66],{"class":65},[55,122099,1879],{"class":69},[55,122101,66],{"class":65},[55,122103,34767],{"class":318},[55,122105,79],{"class":65},[14,122107,122108],{},[435,122109,281],{},[46,122111,122113],{"className":48,"code":122112,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"3.14\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,122114,122115,122119],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,122116,122117],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,122118,40241],{"class":75},[55,122120,122121,122123,122125,122127,122129,122131],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,122122,1911],{"class":703},[55,122124,1915],{"class":1914},[55,122126,1918],{"class":109},[55,122128,3738],{"class":129},[55,122130,1923],{"class":109},[55,122132,1926],{"class":703},[889,122134,122136],{"id":122135},"convert-a-boolean-to-a-string","Convert a boolean to a string",[46,122138,122140],{"className":48,"code":122139,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = True\ntext = str(value)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[18,122141,122142,122150,122164,122168,122178],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,122143,122144,122146,122148],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,122145,1654],{"class":902},[55,122147,906],{"class":703},[55,122149,6698],{"class":187},[55,122151,122152,122154,122156,122158,122160,122162],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,122153,34746],{"class":902},[55,122155,906],{"class":703},[55,122157,48972],{"class":69},[55,122159,66],{"class":65},[55,122161,319],{"class":318},[55,122163,322],{"class":65},[55,122165,122166],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,122167,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,122169,122170,122172,122174,122176],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,122171,62],{"class":61},[55,122173,66],{"class":65},[55,122175,34767],{"class":318},[55,122177,322],{"class":65},[55,122179,122180,122182,122184,122186,122188,122190],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,122181,62],{"class":61},[55,122183,66],{"class":65},[55,122185,1879],{"class":69},[55,122187,66],{"class":65},[55,122189,34767],{"class":318},[55,122191,79],{"class":65},[14,122193,122194],{},[435,122195,281],{},[46,122197,122199],{"className":48,"code":122198,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"True\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,122200,122201,122205],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,122202,122203],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,122204,193],{"class":187},[55,122206,122207,122209,122211,122213,122215,122217],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,122208,1911],{"class":703},[55,122210,1915],{"class":1914},[55,122212,1918],{"class":109},[55,122214,3738],{"class":129},[55,122216,1923],{"class":109},[55,122218,1926],{"class":703},[889,122220,122222],{"id":122221},"convert-a-list-to-a-string","Convert a list to a string",[46,122224,122226],{"className":48,"code":122225,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [1, 2, 3]\ntext = str(items)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[18,122227,122228,122248,122262,122266,122276],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,122229,122230,122232,122234,122236,122238,122240,122242,122244,122246],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,122231,903],{"class":902},[55,122233,906],{"class":703},[55,122235,909],{"class":65},[55,122237,93],{"class":75},[55,122239,163],{"class":65},[55,122241,166],{"class":75},[55,122243,163],{"class":65},[55,122245,171],{"class":75},[55,122247,924],{"class":65},[55,122249,122250,122252,122254,122256,122258,122260],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,122251,34746],{"class":902},[55,122253,906],{"class":703},[55,122255,48972],{"class":69},[55,122257,66],{"class":65},[55,122259,937],{"class":318},[55,122261,322],{"class":65},[55,122263,122264],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,122265,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,122267,122268,122270,122272,122274],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,122269,62],{"class":61},[55,122271,66],{"class":65},[55,122273,34767],{"class":318},[55,122275,322],{"class":65},[55,122277,122278,122280,122282,122284,122286,122288],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,122279,62],{"class":61},[55,122281,66],{"class":65},[55,122283,1879],{"class":69},[55,122285,66],{"class":65},[55,122287,34767],{"class":318},[55,122289,79],{"class":65},[14,122291,122292],{},[435,122293,281],{},[46,122295,122297],{"className":48,"code":122296,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,122298,122299,122315],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,122300,122301,122303,122305,122307,122309,122311,122313],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,122302,4186],{"class":65},[55,122304,93],{"class":75},[55,122306,163],{"class":65},[55,122308,166],{"class":75},[55,122310,163],{"class":65},[55,122312,171],{"class":75},[55,122314,924],{"class":65},[55,122316,122317,122319,122321,122323,122325,122327],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,122318,1911],{"class":703},[55,122320,1915],{"class":1914},[55,122322,1918],{"class":109},[55,122324,3738],{"class":129},[55,122326,1923],{"class":109},[55,122328,1926],{"class":703},[14,122330,122331,122332,122334],{},"This gives you the string form of the list. It does ",[435,122333,4916],{}," join the items into a clean sentence.",[41,122336,5247,122338],{"id":122337},"when-to-use-str",[18,122339,47751],{},[14,122341,212,122342,122344],{},[18,122343,47751],{}," when you want a text representation of another data type.",[14,122346,36487],{},[240,122348,122349,122352,122355,122358],{},[243,122350,122351],{},"Before concatenating text with numbers",[243,122353,122354],{},"Before writing mixed values to a file",[243,122356,122357],{},"Before displaying values in messages",[243,122359,122360],{},"When you want text instead of a numeric value",[14,122362,358],{},[46,122364,122366],{"className":48,"code":122365,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 25\n\nmessage = name + \" is \" + str(age) + \" years old.\"\nprint(message)\n",[18,122367,122368,122380,122388,122392,122427],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,122369,122370,122372,122374,122376,122378],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,122371,1004],{"class":902},[55,122373,906],{"class":703},[55,122375,793],{"class":109},[55,122377,11551],{"class":129},[55,122379,1052],{"class":109},[55,122381,122382,122384,122386],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,122383,21680],{"class":902},[55,122385,906],{"class":703},[55,122387,45292],{"class":75},[55,122389,122390],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,122391,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,122393,122394,122396,122398,122400,122402,122404,122406,122408,122410,122412,122414,122416,122418,122420,122422,122425],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,122395,90080],{"class":902},[55,122397,906],{"class":703},[55,122399,36029],{"class":902},[55,122401,2363],{"class":703},[55,122403,793],{"class":109},[55,122405,5069],{"class":129},[55,122407,126],{"class":109},[55,122409,2756],{"class":703},[55,122411,48972],{"class":69},[55,122413,66],{"class":65},[55,122415,9336],{"class":318},[55,122417,3953],{"class":65},[55,122419,2756],{"class":703},[55,122421,793],{"class":109},[55,122423,122424],{"class":129}," years old.",[55,122426,1052],{"class":109},[55,122428,122429,122431,122433,122435],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,122430,62],{"class":61},[55,122432,66],{"class":65},[55,122434,90097],{"class":318},[55,122436,322],{"class":65},[14,122438,122439],{},[435,122440,281],{},[46,122442,122444],{"className":48,"code":122443,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Maya is 25 years old.\n",[18,122445,122446],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,122447,122448,122451,122453,122455,122458],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,122449,122450],{"class":902},"Maya ",[55,122452,12237],{"class":703},[55,122454,9343],{"class":75},[55,122456,122457],{"class":902}," years old",[55,122459,122460],{"class":65},".\n",[14,122462,122463,122464,29],{},"If you need help with cleaner message building, see ",[294,122465,89766],{"href":89765},[41,122467,122469,10624,122471],{"id":122468},"str-vs-print",[18,122470,47751],{},[18,122472,46519],{},[14,122474,122475],{},"These two functions do different jobs:",[240,122477,122478,122483],{},[243,122479,122480,122482],{},[18,122481,47751],{}," converts a value and returns a string",[243,122484,122485,122487],{},[18,122486,46519],{}," displays output on the screen",[14,122489,358],{},[46,122491,122493],{"className":48,"code":122492,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = 42\n\ntext = str(value)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(value))\n",[18,122494,122495,122503,122507,122521,122531,122545],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,122496,122497,122499,122501],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,122498,1654],{"class":902},[55,122500,906],{"class":703},[55,122502,3072],{"class":75},[55,122504,122505],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,122506,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,122508,122509,122511,122513,122515,122517,122519],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,122510,34746],{"class":902},[55,122512,906],{"class":703},[55,122514,48972],{"class":69},[55,122516,66],{"class":65},[55,122518,319],{"class":318},[55,122520,322],{"class":65},[55,122522,122523,122525,122527,122529],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,122524,62],{"class":61},[55,122526,66],{"class":65},[55,122528,34767],{"class":318},[55,122530,322],{"class":65},[55,122532,122533,122535,122537,122539,122541,122543],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,122534,62],{"class":61},[55,122536,66],{"class":65},[55,122538,1879],{"class":69},[55,122540,66],{"class":65},[55,122542,34767],{"class":318},[55,122544,79],{"class":65},[55,122546,122547,122549,122551,122553,122555,122557],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,122548,62],{"class":61},[55,122550,66],{"class":65},[55,122552,1879],{"class":69},[55,122554,66],{"class":65},[55,122556,319],{"class":318},[55,122558,79],{"class":65},[14,122560,122561],{},[435,122562,281],{},[46,122564,122566],{"className":48,"code":122565,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[18,122567,122568,122572,122586],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,122569,122570],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,122571,46679],{"class":75},[55,122573,122574,122576,122578,122580,122582,122584],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,122575,1911],{"class":703},[55,122577,1915],{"class":1914},[55,122579,1918],{"class":109},[55,122581,3738],{"class":129},[55,122583,1923],{"class":109},[55,122585,1926],{"class":703},[55,122587,122588,122590,122592,122594,122596,122598],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,122589,1911],{"class":703},[55,122591,1915],{"class":1914},[55,122593,1918],{"class":109},[55,122595,2492],{"class":129},[55,122597,1923],{"class":109},[55,122599,1926],{"class":703},[14,122601,122602],{},"Notice:",[240,122604,122605,122611,122616],{},[243,122606,122607,122610],{},[18,122608,122609],{},"str(value)"," created a string",[243,122612,122613,122615],{},[18,122614,46519],{}," only displayed values",[243,122617,122618,122620,122621,122623,122624,61373,122626],{},[18,122619,46519],{}," did not change ",[18,122622,319],{}," from ",[18,122625,2492],{},[18,122627,3738],{},[14,122629,122630,122631,29],{},"You can learn more about output with the ",[294,122632,122633,2607],{"href":46516},[18,122634,46519],{},[41,122636,122638,10624,122640,122643],{"id":122637},"str-vs-repr-for-beginners",[18,122639,47751],{},[18,122641,122642],{},"repr()"," for beginners",[14,122645,122646],{},"For beginners, the main idea is simple:",[240,122648,122649,122654],{},[243,122650,122651,122653],{},[18,122652,47751],{}," is the more readable text version",[243,122655,122656,122658],{},[18,122657,122642],{}," is more developer-focused",[14,122660,122661,122662,122664],{},"In everyday beginner code, you will usually need ",[18,122663,47751],{}," much more often.",[14,122666,122667,122668,122670],{},"For example, when showing values in a message, ",[18,122669,47751],{}," is usually the right choice.",[41,122672,4803],{"id":4802},[889,122674,25828,122676,122678],{"id":122675},"thinking-str-changes-the-original-variable",[18,122677,47751],{}," changes the original variable",[14,122680,122681,122683],{},[18,122682,47751],{}," does not modify the original value. It returns a new string.",[46,122685,122687],{"className":48,"code":122686,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[18,122688,122689,122697,122711,122715,122725,122739,122749],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,122690,122691,122693,122695],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,122692,21680],{"class":902},[55,122694,906],{"class":703},[55,122696,45292],{"class":75},[55,122698,122699,122701,122703,122705,122707,122709],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,122700,34746],{"class":902},[55,122702,906],{"class":703},[55,122704,48972],{"class":69},[55,122706,66],{"class":65},[55,122708,9336],{"class":318},[55,122710,322],{"class":65},[55,122712,122713],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,122714,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,122716,122717,122719,122721,122723],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,122718,62],{"class":61},[55,122720,66],{"class":65},[55,122722,9336],{"class":318},[55,122724,322],{"class":65},[55,122726,122727,122729,122731,122733,122735,122737],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,122728,62],{"class":61},[55,122730,66],{"class":65},[55,122732,1879],{"class":69},[55,122734,66],{"class":65},[55,122736,9336],{"class":318},[55,122738,79],{"class":65},[55,122740,122741,122743,122745,122747],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,122742,62],{"class":61},[55,122744,66],{"class":65},[55,122746,34767],{"class":318},[55,122748,322],{"class":65},[55,122750,122751,122753,122755,122757,122759,122761],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,122752,62],{"class":61},[55,122754,66],{"class":65},[55,122756,1879],{"class":69},[55,122758,66],{"class":65},[55,122760,34767],{"class":318},[55,122762,79],{"class":65},[14,122764,122765],{},[435,122766,281],{},[46,122768,122770],{"className":48,"code":122769,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,122771,122772,122776,122790,122794],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,122773,122774],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,122775,3012],{"class":75},[55,122777,122778,122780,122782,122784,122786,122788],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,122779,1911],{"class":703},[55,122781,1915],{"class":1914},[55,122783,1918],{"class":109},[55,122785,2492],{"class":129},[55,122787,1923],{"class":109},[55,122789,1926],{"class":703},[55,122791,122792],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,122793,3012],{"class":75},[55,122795,122796,122798,122800,122802,122804,122806],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,122797,1911],{"class":703},[55,122799,1915],{"class":1914},[55,122801,1918],{"class":109},[55,122803,3738],{"class":129},[55,122805,1923],{"class":109},[55,122807,1926],{"class":703},[889,122809,122811],{"id":122810},"forgetting-to-store-the-result","Forgetting to store the result",[14,122813,6961],{},[46,122815,122817],{"className":48,"code":122816,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n",[18,122818,122819,122827],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,122820,122821,122823,122825],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,122822,21680],{"class":902},[55,122824,906],{"class":703},[55,122826,45292],{"class":75},[55,122828,122829,122831,122833,122835,122837,122839],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,122830,34746],{"class":902},[55,122832,906],{"class":703},[55,122834,48972],{"class":69},[55,122836,66],{"class":65},[55,122838,9336],{"class":318},[55,122840,322],{"class":65},[14,122842,122843],{},"But if you only do this:",[46,122845,122847],{"className":48,"code":122846,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"age = 25\nstr(age)\n",[18,122848,122849,122857],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,122850,122851,122853,122855],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,122852,21680],{"class":902},[55,122854,906],{"class":703},[55,122856,45292],{"class":75},[55,122858,122859,122861,122863,122865],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,122860,3738],{"class":69},[55,122862,66],{"class":65},[55,122864,9336],{"class":318},[55,122866,322],{"class":65},[14,122868,122869],{},"the conversion happens, but you did not save the result anywhere.",[889,122871,1556,122873,122875],{"id":122872},"using-str-too-early",[18,122874,47751],{}," too early",[14,122877,122878],{},"If you convert a number to a string, you can no longer use it directly for math.",[46,122880,122882],{"className":48,"code":122881,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"price = 10\ntext_price = str(price)\n\n# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[18,122883,122884,122892,122907,122911],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,122885,122886,122888,122890],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,122887,40451],{"class":902},[55,122889,906],{"class":703},[55,122891,2890],{"class":75},[55,122893,122894,122897,122899,122901,122903,122905],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,122895,122896],{"class":902},"text_price ",[55,122898,906],{"class":703},[55,122900,48972],{"class":69},[55,122902,66],{"class":65},[55,122904,25203],{"class":318},[55,122906,322],{"class":65},[55,122908,122909],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,122910,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,122912,122913],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,122914,122915],{"class":3956},"# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[14,122917,122918,122919,25,122923,122927],{},"If you need a number again, convert it back with ",[294,122920,122921],{"href":3177},[18,122922,3180],{},[294,122924,122925],{"href":3183},[18,122926,3186],{},", depending on the situation.",[889,122929,1595,122931,122934],{"id":122930},"expecting-strlist_value-to-create-user-friendly-formatting",[18,122932,122933],{},"str(list_value)"," to create user-friendly formatting",[14,122936,64716],{},[46,122938,122940],{"className":48,"code":122939,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nprint(str(items))\n",[18,122941,122942,122974],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,122943,122944,122946,122948,122950,122952,122954,122956,122958,122960,122962,122964,122966,122968,122970,122972],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,122945,903],{"class":902},[55,122947,906],{"class":703},[55,122949,909],{"class":65},[55,122951,126],{"class":109},[55,122953,4364],{"class":129},[55,122955,126],{"class":109},[55,122957,163],{"class":65},[55,122959,793],{"class":109},[55,122961,4373],{"class":129},[55,122963,126],{"class":109},[55,122965,163],{"class":65},[55,122967,793],{"class":109},[55,122969,33278],{"class":129},[55,122971,126],{"class":109},[55,122973,924],{"class":65},[55,122975,122976,122978,122980,122982,122984,122986],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,122977,62],{"class":61},[55,122979,66],{"class":65},[55,122981,3738],{"class":69},[55,122983,66],{"class":65},[55,122985,937],{"class":318},[55,122987,79],{"class":65},[14,122989,122990],{},"prints:",[46,122992,122993],{"className":48,"code":72909,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,122994,122995],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,122996,122997,122999,123001,123003,123005,123007,123009,123011,123013,123015,123017,123019,123021],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,122998,4186],{"class":65},[55,123000,1923],{"class":109},[55,123002,4364],{"class":129},[55,123004,1923],{"class":109},[55,123006,163],{"class":65},[55,123008,1918],{"class":109},[55,123010,4373],{"class":129},[55,123012,1923],{"class":109},[55,123014,163],{"class":65},[55,123016,1918],{"class":109},[55,123018,33278],{"class":129},[55,123020,1923],{"class":109},[55,123022,924],{"class":65},[14,123024,123025],{},"That is the string representation of the list. It is not the same as a nicely formatted sentence.",[41,123027,17468],{"id":17467},[14,123029,123030,22027,123032,29],{},[18,123031,47751],{},[435,123033,123034],{},"new string",[14,123036,11500],{},[240,123038,123039,123042,123045],{},[243,123040,123041],{},"It always returns a string",[243,123043,123044],{},"It does not modify the original object",[243,123046,884,123047,123051],{},[294,123048,123049],{"href":1581},[18,123050,2606],{}," to confirm the result",[14,123053,358],{},[46,123055,123057],{"className":48,"code":123056,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = 99\nconverted = str(value)\n\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[18,123058,123059,123067,123082,123086,123097],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,123060,123061,123063,123065],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,123062,1654],{"class":902},[55,123064,906],{"class":703},[55,123066,14177],{"class":75},[55,123068,123069,123072,123074,123076,123078,123080],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,123070,123071],{"class":902},"converted ",[55,123073,906],{"class":703},[55,123075,48972],{"class":69},[55,123077,66],{"class":65},[55,123079,319],{"class":318},[55,123081,322],{"class":65},[55,123083,123084],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,123085,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,123087,123088,123090,123092,123095],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,123089,62],{"class":61},[55,123091,66],{"class":65},[55,123093,123094],{"class":318},"converted",[55,123096,322],{"class":65},[55,123098,123099,123101,123103,123105,123107,123109],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,123100,62],{"class":61},[55,123102,66],{"class":65},[55,123104,1879],{"class":69},[55,123106,66],{"class":65},[55,123108,123094],{"class":318},[55,123110,79],{"class":65},[14,123112,123113],{},[435,123114,281],{},[46,123116,123118],{"className":48,"code":123117,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"99\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,123119,123120,123125],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,123121,123122],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,123123,123124],{"class":75},"99\n",[55,123126,123127,123129,123131,123133,123135,123137],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,123128,1911],{"class":703},[55,123130,1915],{"class":1914},[55,123132,1918],{"class":109},[55,123134,3738],{"class":129},[55,123136,1923],{"class":109},[55,123138,1926],{"class":703},[41,123140,113800],{"id":113799},[14,123142,123143,123144,74888],{},"Beginners usually run into trouble with ",[18,123145,47751],{},[240,123147,123148,123151,123154,123159],{},[243,123149,123150],{},"Trying to add a string and an integer without conversion",[243,123152,123153],{},"Confusing conversion with printing",[243,123155,1556,123156,123158],{},[18,123157,47751],{}," too early and then trying to do math on the result",[243,123160,123161],{},"Assuming list or dictionary conversion creates user-friendly formatting",[14,123163,123164,123165,29],{},"A very common related error happens when you try to combine text and a number directly. If that is your problem, see ",[294,123166,25733,123167],{"href":90478},[18,123168,90479],{},[41,123170,123172],{"id":123171},"useful-debugging-steps","Useful debugging steps",[14,123174,123175],{},"If you are not sure what is happening, print both the value and its type:",[46,123177,123179],{"className":48,"code":123178,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = 25\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nconverted = str(value)\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[18,123180,123181,123189,123193,123203,123217,123221,123235,123245],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,123182,123183,123185,123187],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,123184,1654],{"class":902},[55,123186,906],{"class":703},[55,123188,45292],{"class":75},[55,123190,123191],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,123192,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,123194,123195,123197,123199,123201],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,123196,62],{"class":61},[55,123198,66],{"class":65},[55,123200,319],{"class":318},[55,123202,322],{"class":65},[55,123204,123205,123207,123209,123211,123213,123215],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,123206,62],{"class":61},[55,123208,66],{"class":65},[55,123210,1879],{"class":69},[55,123212,66],{"class":65},[55,123214,319],{"class":318},[55,123216,79],{"class":65},[55,123218,123219],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,123220,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,123222,123223,123225,123227,123229,123231,123233],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,123224,123071],{"class":902},[55,123226,906],{"class":703},[55,123228,48972],{"class":69},[55,123230,66],{"class":65},[55,123232,319],{"class":318},[55,123234,322],{"class":65},[55,123236,123237,123239,123241,123243],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,123238,62],{"class":61},[55,123240,66],{"class":65},[55,123242,123094],{"class":318},[55,123244,322],{"class":65},[55,123246,123247,123249,123251,123253,123255,123257],{"class":57,"line":582},[55,123248,62],{"class":61},[55,123250,66],{"class":65},[55,123252,1879],{"class":69},[55,123254,66],{"class":65},[55,123256,123094],{"class":318},[55,123258,79],{"class":65},[14,123260,123261,123262,2493,123264,123266,123267,29],{},"This helps you see exactly when a value changes from ",[18,123263,2492],{},[18,123265,2496],{},", or another type into ",[18,123268,3738],{},[41,123270,2139],{"id":2138},[889,123272,5429,123274,5432],{"id":123273},"what-does-str-return-in-python",[18,123275,47751],{},[14,123277,123278],{},"It returns a string version of the value you pass in.",[889,123280,12748,123282,123284],{"id":123281},"does-str-change-the-original-variable",[18,123283,47751],{}," change the original variable?",[14,123286,123287],{},"No. It creates and returns a new string.",[889,123289,5456,123291,123293],{"id":123290},"can-str-convert-numbers-to-text",[18,123292,47751],{}," convert numbers to text?",[14,123295,123296],{},"Yes. It can convert integers, floats, and other values into strings.",[889,123298,94664,123300,123302],{"id":123299},"why-use-str-before-combining-text-and-numbers",[18,123301,47751],{}," before combining text and numbers?",[14,123304,123305],{},"Because Python does not let you directly concatenate a string with an integer or float.",[889,123307,14950,123309,57276,123311,2794],{"id":123308},"is-str-the-same-as-print",[18,123310,47751],{},[18,123312,46519],{},[14,123314,46432,123315,123317,123318,123320],{},[18,123316,47751],{}," converts to text. ",[18,123319,46519],{}," shows output.",[41,123322,2193],{"id":2192},[240,123324,123325,123331,123337,123343,123349,123358,123362],{},[243,123326,123327],{},[294,123328,123329,3804],{"href":46516},[18,123330,46519],{},[243,123332,123333],{},[294,123334,123335,3804],{"href":1581},[18,123336,2606],{},[243,123338,123339],{},[294,123340,123341,3804],{"href":3177},[18,123342,3180],{},[243,123344,123345],{},[294,123346,123347,3804],{"href":3183},[18,123348,3186],{},[243,123350,123351],{},[294,123352,123354,123355,123357],{"href":123353},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-int-to-string-in-python\u002F","How to convert ",[18,123356,2492],{}," to string in Python",[243,123359,123360],{},[294,123361,90756],{"href":89765},[243,123363,123364],{},[294,123365,30403,123366],{"href":90478},[18,123367,90479],{},[2226,123369,123370],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":123372},[123373,123374,123376,123377,123383,123385,123387,123389,123398,123399,123400,123401,123413],{"id":2307,"depth":82,"text":2308},{"id":121791,"depth":82,"text":123375},"What str() does",{"id":2459,"depth":82,"text":2460},{"id":121958,"depth":82,"text":121959,"children":123378},[123379,123380,123381,123382],{"id":121962,"depth":98,"text":121963},{"id":122048,"depth":98,"text":122049},{"id":122135,"depth":98,"text":122136},{"id":122221,"depth":98,"text":122222},{"id":122337,"depth":82,"text":123384},"When to use str()",{"id":122468,"depth":82,"text":123386},"str() vs print()",{"id":122637,"depth":82,"text":123388},"str() vs repr() for beginners",{"id":4802,"depth":82,"text":4803,"children":123390},[123391,123393,123394,123396],{"id":122675,"depth":98,"text":123392},"Thinking str() changes the original variable",{"id":122810,"depth":98,"text":122811},{"id":122872,"depth":98,"text":123395},"Using str() too early",{"id":122930,"depth":98,"text":123397},"Expecting str(list_value) to create user-friendly formatting",{"id":17467,"depth":82,"text":17468},{"id":113799,"depth":82,"text":113800},{"id":123171,"depth":82,"text":123172},{"id":2138,"depth":82,"text":2139,"children":123402},[123403,123405,123407,123409,123411],{"id":123273,"depth":98,"text":123404},"What does str() return in Python?",{"id":123281,"depth":98,"text":123406},"Does str() change the original variable?",{"id":123290,"depth":98,"text":123408},"Can str() convert numbers to text?",{"id":123299,"depth":98,"text":123410},"Why use str() before combining text and numbers?",{"id":123308,"depth":98,"text":123412},"Is str() the same as print()?",{"id":2192,"depth":82,"text":2193},"Master python str function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained",{"title":42241,"description":123414},"reference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained","xSgxPTbh2LeZ2szCzgugEbmUMc6VSvYIjm9yYt9CY3Y",{"id":123421,"title":123422,"body":123423,"description":124876,"extension":2267,"meta":124877,"navigation":1121,"path":124878,"seo":124879,"stem":124880,"__hash__":124881},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method.md","Python String count() Method",{"type":7,"value":123424,"toc":124838},[123425,123431,123437,123440,123462,123464,123526,123528,123541,123547,123552,123557,123559,123572,123583,123585,123612,123614,123631,123638,123649,123651,123656,123658,123670,123678,123687,123689,123692,123745,123747,123755,123763,123767,123772,123812,123814,123822,123825,123827,123867,123869,123877,123887,123893,123896,123969,123971,123984,123988,123993,124021,124024,124059,124061,124069,124072,124076,124080,124082,124098,124100,124140,124142,124150,124159,124202,124204,124212,124214,124218,124224,124227,124267,124269,124277,124282,124285,124328,124332,124335,124370,124375,124377,124416,124426,124434,124444,124452,124456,124461,124463,124504,124506,124514,124519,124522,124525,124543,124549,124553,124558,124561,124601,124603,124608,124707,124710,124726,124728,124747,124749,124756,124759,124765,124768,124774,124778,124784,124787,124793,124796,124798,124835],[10,123426,123428,123429,11363],{"id":123427},"python-string-count-method","Python String ",[18,123430,57361],{},[14,123432,123433,123434,123436],{},"The Python string ",[18,123435,57361],{}," method returns how many times a substring appears in a string.",[14,123438,123439],{},"This reference page explains:",[240,123441,123442,123446,123449,123451,123459],{},[243,123443,26073,123444,3973],{},[18,123445,57361],{},[243,123447,123448],{},"its syntax",[243,123450,35454],{},[243,123452,123453,123454,4679,123456,123458],{},"how ",[18,123455,36133],{},[18,123457,52730],{}," work",[243,123460,123461],{},"common beginner mistakes",[41,123463,2308],{"id":2307},[46,123465,123467],{"className":48,"code":123466,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[18,123468,123469,123481,123503],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,123470,123471,123473,123475,123477,123479],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,123472,34746],{"class":902},[55,123474,906],{"class":703},[55,123476,793],{"class":109},[55,123478,4373],{"class":129},[55,123480,1052],{"class":109},[55,123482,123483,123485,123487,123489,123491,123493,123495,123497,123499,123501],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,123484,62],{"class":61},[55,123486,66],{"class":65},[55,123488,34767],{"class":318},[55,123490,29],{"class":65},[55,123492,41324],{"class":318},[55,123494,66],{"class":65},[55,123496,126],{"class":109},[55,123498,294],{"class":129},[55,123500,126],{"class":109},[55,123502,79],{"class":65},[55,123504,123505,123507,123509,123511,123513,123515,123517,123519,123522,123524],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,123506,62],{"class":61},[55,123508,66],{"class":65},[55,123510,34767],{"class":318},[55,123512,29],{"class":65},[55,123514,41324],{"class":318},[55,123516,66],{"class":65},[55,123518,126],{"class":109},[55,123520,123521],{"class":129},"na",[55,123523,126],{"class":109},[55,123525,79],{"class":65},[14,123527,281],{},[46,123529,123531],{"className":48,"code":123530,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"3\n2\n",[18,123532,123533,123537],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,123534,123535],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,123536,46684],{"class":75},[55,123538,123539],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,123540,17105],{"class":75},[14,123542,212,123543,123546],{},[18,123544,123545],{},"string.count(value)"," to count how many times a substring appears in a string.",[41,123548,13041,123550,13044],{"id":123549},"what-the-count-method-does",[18,123551,57361],{},[14,123553,123554,123556],{},[18,123555,57361],{}," tells you how many times some text appears inside a string.",[14,123558,13097],{},[240,123560,123561,123564,123567,123569],{},[243,123562,123563],{},"It returns how many times a substring appears in a string",[243,123565,123566],{},"It works with single characters and longer strings",[243,123568,43724],{},[243,123570,123571],{},"It does not change the original string",[14,123573,123574,123575,123577,123578,2493,123580,123582],{},"For example, if you want to know how many ",[18,123576,18146],{}," characters are in ",[18,123579,65347],{},[18,123581,57361],{}," is a simple choice.",[41,123584,2460],{"id":2459},[46,123586,123588],{"className":48,"code":123587,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"string.count(value, start, end)\n",[18,123589,123590],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,123591,123592,123594,123596,123598,123600,123602,123604,123606,123608,123610],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,123593,61246],{"class":902},[55,123595,29],{"class":65},[55,123597,41324],{"class":318},[55,123599,66],{"class":65},[55,123601,319],{"class":318},[55,123603,163],{"class":65},[55,123605,36112],{"class":318},[55,123607,163],{"class":65},[55,123609,65113],{"class":318},[55,123611,322],{"class":65},[889,123613,17444],{"id":17443},[240,123615,123616,123621,123626],{},[243,123617,123618,123620],{},[18,123619,319],{},": the text to search for",[243,123622,123623,123625],{},[18,123624,36133],{},": optional; where counting begins",[243,123627,123628,123630],{},[18,123629,52730],{},": optional; where counting stops",[14,123632,123633,4679,123635,123637],{},[18,123634,36133],{},[18,123636,52730],{}," work like slice positions:",[240,123639,123640,123645],{},[243,123641,123642,123644],{},[18,123643,36133],{}," is included",[243,123646,123647,75814],{},[18,123648,52730],{},[41,123650,17468],{"id":17467},[14,123652,123653,123655],{},[18,123654,57361],{}," returns a whole number.",[14,123657,2428],{},[240,123659,123660,123665],{},[243,123661,123662,123663],{},"If the substring is found 3 times, it returns ",[18,123664,2366],{},[243,123666,123667,123668],{},"If the substring is not found, it returns ",[18,123669,76],{},[14,123671,40970,123672,5447,123674,25,123676,29],{},[435,123673,4916],{},[18,123675,24],{},[18,123677,28],{},[14,123679,123680,123681,123686],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, using the ",[294,123682,123684,101674],{"href":123683},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python\u002F",[18,123685,4168],{}," is often a better fit.",[41,123688,11517],{"id":11516},[14,123690,123691],{},"Here is a short example that counts one character:",[46,123693,123695],{"className":48,"code":123694,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"apple\"\nresult = text.count(\"p\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,123696,123697,123709,123731,123735],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,123698,123699,123701,123703,123705,123707],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,123700,34746],{"class":902},[55,123702,906],{"class":703},[55,123704,793],{"class":109},[55,123706,4364],{"class":129},[55,123708,1052],{"class":109},[55,123710,123711,123713,123715,123717,123719,123721,123723,123725,123727,123729],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,123712,2534],{"class":902},[55,123714,906],{"class":703},[55,123716,42907],{"class":902},[55,123718,29],{"class":65},[55,123720,41324],{"class":318},[55,123722,66],{"class":65},[55,123724,126],{"class":109},[55,123726,14],{"class":129},[55,123728,126],{"class":109},[55,123730,322],{"class":65},[55,123732,123733],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,123734,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,123736,123737,123739,123741,123743],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,123738,62],{"class":61},[55,123740,66],{"class":65},[55,123742,2569],{"class":318},[55,123744,322],{"class":65},[14,123746,281],{},[46,123748,123749],{"className":48,"code":17105,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,123750,123751],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,123752,123753],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,123754,17105],{"class":75},[14,123756,63892,123757,123760,123761,29],{},[18,123758,123759],{},"\"p\""," appears 2 times in ",[18,123762,57904],{},[41,123764,123766],{"id":123765},"counting-a-word-or-substring","Counting a word or substring",[14,123768,123769,123771],{},[18,123770,57361],{}," can search for more than one character. It can count full words or repeated patterns.",[46,123773,123775],{"className":48,"code":123774,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"cat dog cat bird cat\"\nprint(text.count(\"cat\"))\n",[18,123776,123777,123790],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,123778,123779,123781,123783,123785,123788],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,123780,34746],{"class":902},[55,123782,906],{"class":703},[55,123784,793],{"class":109},[55,123786,123787],{"class":129},"cat dog cat bird cat",[55,123789,1052],{"class":109},[55,123791,123792,123794,123796,123798,123800,123802,123804,123806,123808,123810],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,123793,62],{"class":61},[55,123795,66],{"class":65},[55,123797,34767],{"class":318},[55,123799,29],{"class":65},[55,123801,41324],{"class":318},[55,123803,66],{"class":65},[55,123805,126],{"class":109},[55,123807,37109],{"class":129},[55,123809,126],{"class":109},[55,123811,79],{"class":65},[14,123813,281],{},[46,123815,123816],{"className":48,"code":46684,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,123817,123818],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,123819,123820],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,123821,46684],{"class":75},[14,123823,123824],{},"It matches exact text only. That means spacing, punctuation, and letter case matter.",[14,123826,358],{},[46,123828,123830],{"className":48,"code":123829,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"one One one\"\nprint(text.count(\"one\"))\n",[18,123831,123832,123845],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,123833,123834,123836,123838,123840,123843],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,123835,34746],{"class":902},[55,123837,906],{"class":703},[55,123839,793],{"class":109},[55,123841,123842],{"class":129},"one One one",[55,123844,1052],{"class":109},[55,123846,123847,123849,123851,123853,123855,123857,123859,123861,123863,123865],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,123848,62],{"class":61},[55,123850,66],{"class":65},[55,123852,34767],{"class":318},[55,123854,29],{"class":65},[55,123856,41324],{"class":318},[55,123858,66],{"class":65},[55,123860,126],{"class":109},[55,123862,6860],{"class":129},[55,123864,126],{"class":109},[55,123866,79],{"class":65},[14,123868,281],{},[46,123870,123871],{"className":48,"code":17105,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,123872,123873],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,123874,123875],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,123876,17105],{"class":75},[14,123878,123879,123880,123883,123884,123886],{},"The uppercase ",[18,123881,123882],{},"\"One\""," is not counted because ",[18,123885,57361],{}," is case-sensitive.",[41,123888,1556,123889,4679,123891],{"id":65479},[18,123890,36133],{},[18,123892,52730],{},[14,123894,123895],{},"You can limit the search to only part of the string.",[46,123897,123899],{"className":48,"code":123898,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2))\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2, 5))\n",[18,123900,123901,123913,123939],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,123902,123903,123905,123907,123909,123911],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,123904,34746],{"class":902},[55,123906,906],{"class":703},[55,123908,793],{"class":109},[55,123910,4373],{"class":129},[55,123912,1052],{"class":109},[55,123914,123915,123917,123919,123921,123923,123925,123927,123929,123931,123933,123935,123937],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,123916,62],{"class":61},[55,123918,66],{"class":65},[55,123920,34767],{"class":318},[55,123922,29],{"class":65},[55,123924,41324],{"class":318},[55,123926,66],{"class":65},[55,123928,126],{"class":109},[55,123930,294],{"class":129},[55,123932,126],{"class":109},[55,123934,163],{"class":65},[55,123936,166],{"class":75},[55,123938,79],{"class":65},[55,123940,123941,123943,123945,123947,123949,123951,123953,123955,123957,123959,123961,123963,123965,123967],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,123942,62],{"class":61},[55,123944,66],{"class":65},[55,123946,34767],{"class":318},[55,123948,29],{"class":65},[55,123950,41324],{"class":318},[55,123952,66],{"class":65},[55,123954,126],{"class":109},[55,123956,294],{"class":129},[55,123958,126],{"class":109},[55,123960,163],{"class":65},[55,123962,166],{"class":75},[55,123964,163],{"class":65},[55,123966,4890],{"class":75},[55,123968,79],{"class":65},[14,123970,281],{},[46,123972,123974],{"className":48,"code":123973,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"2\n1\n",[18,123975,123976,123980],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,123977,123978],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,123979,17105],{"class":75},[55,123981,123982],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,123983,46984],{"class":75},[889,123985,123987],{"id":123986},"how-this-works","How this works",[14,123989,123990,123991,790],{},"In ",[18,123992,65347],{},[240,123994,123995,124003,124011],{},[243,123996,71038,123997,123999,124000],{},[18,123998,707],{}," starts at the first ",[18,124001,124002],{},"\"n\"",[243,124004,124005,124008,124009,76112],{},[18,124006,124007],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2)"," counts from index ",[18,124010,707],{},[243,124012,124013,124008,124016,124018,124019],{},[18,124014,124015],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2, 5)",[18,124017,707],{}," up to, but not including, index ",[18,124020,688],{},[14,124022,124023],{},"This is similar to slicing:",[46,124025,124027],{"className":48,"code":124026,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text[2:5])\n",[18,124028,124029,124041],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,124030,124031,124033,124035,124037,124039],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,124032,34746],{"class":902},[55,124034,906],{"class":703},[55,124036,793],{"class":109},[55,124038,4373],{"class":129},[55,124040,1052],{"class":109},[55,124042,124043,124045,124047,124049,124051,124053,124055,124057],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,124044,62],{"class":61},[55,124046,66],{"class":65},[55,124048,34767],{"class":318},[55,124050,4186],{"class":65},[55,124052,707],{"class":75},[55,124054,790],{"class":65},[55,124056,688],{"class":75},[55,124058,4174],{"class":65},[14,124060,281],{},[46,124062,124063],{"className":48,"code":41533,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,124064,124065],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,124066,124067],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,124068,41533],{"class":902},[14,124070,124071],{},"Only that section is searched.",[41,124073,124075],{"id":124074},"case-sensitivity","Case sensitivity",[14,124077,124078,123886],{},[18,124079,57361],{},[14,124081,2410],{},[240,124083,124084,124092],{},[243,124085,124086,4679,124088,124091],{},[18,124087,18146],{},[18,124089,124090],{},"\"A\""," are different",[243,124093,124094,4679,124096,124091],{},[18,124095,64607],{},[18,124097,90491],{},[14,124099,358],{},[46,124101,124103],{"className":48,"code":124102,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.count(\"apple\"))\n",[18,124104,124105,124118],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,124106,124107,124109,124111,124113,124116],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,124108,34746],{"class":902},[55,124110,906],{"class":703},[55,124112,793],{"class":109},[55,124114,124115],{"class":129},"Apple apple APPLE",[55,124117,1052],{"class":109},[55,124119,124120,124122,124124,124126,124128,124130,124132,124134,124136,124138],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,124121,62],{"class":61},[55,124123,66],{"class":65},[55,124125,34767],{"class":318},[55,124127,29],{"class":65},[55,124129,41324],{"class":318},[55,124131,66],{"class":65},[55,124133,126],{"class":109},[55,124135,4364],{"class":129},[55,124137,126],{"class":109},[55,124139,79],{"class":65},[14,124141,281],{},[46,124143,124144],{"className":48,"code":46984,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,124145,124146],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,124147,124148],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,124149,46984],{"class":75},[14,124151,124152,124153,790],{},"If you want case-insensitive counting, convert the string first with ",[294,124154,124156],{"href":124155},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method\u002F",[18,124157,124158],{},"lower()",[46,124160,124162],{"className":48,"code":124161,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"apple\"))\n",[18,124163,124164,124176],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,124165,124166,124168,124170,124172,124174],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,124167,34746],{"class":902},[55,124169,906],{"class":703},[55,124171,793],{"class":109},[55,124173,124115],{"class":129},[55,124175,1052],{"class":109},[55,124177,124178,124180,124182,124184,124186,124188,124190,124192,124194,124196,124198,124200],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,124179,62],{"class":61},[55,124181,66],{"class":65},[55,124183,34767],{"class":318},[55,124185,29],{"class":65},[55,124187,1786],{"class":318},[55,124189,1783],{"class":65},[55,124191,41324],{"class":318},[55,124193,66],{"class":65},[55,124195,126],{"class":109},[55,124197,4364],{"class":129},[55,124199,126],{"class":109},[55,124201,79],{"class":65},[14,124203,281],{},[46,124205,124206],{"className":48,"code":46684,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,124207,124208],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,124209,124210],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,124211,46684],{"class":75},[41,124213,1586],{"id":1585},[14,124215,23147,124216,29],{},[18,124217,57361],{},[889,124219,1595,124221,124223],{"id":124220},"expecting-count-to-ignore-case-automatically",[18,124222,57361],{}," to ignore case automatically",[14,124225,124226],{},"This will not count uppercase and lowercase as the same:",[46,124228,124230],{"className":48,"code":124229,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[18,124231,124232,124245],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,124233,124234,124236,124238,124240,124243],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,124235,34746],{"class":902},[55,124237,906],{"class":703},[55,124239,793],{"class":109},[55,124241,124242],{"class":129},"Aardvark",[55,124244,1052],{"class":109},[55,124246,124247,124249,124251,124253,124255,124257,124259,124261,124263,124265],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,124248,62],{"class":61},[55,124250,66],{"class":65},[55,124252,34767],{"class":318},[55,124254,29],{"class":65},[55,124256,41324],{"class":318},[55,124258,66],{"class":65},[55,124260,126],{"class":109},[55,124262,294],{"class":129},[55,124264,126],{"class":109},[55,124266,79],{"class":65},[14,124268,281],{},[46,124270,124271],{"className":48,"code":17105,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,124272,124273],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,124274,124275],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,124276,17105],{"class":75},[14,124278,123879,124279,124281],{},[18,124280,124090],{}," at the start is not counted.",[14,124283,124284],{},"If needed, convert first:",[46,124286,124288],{"className":48,"code":124287,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\n",[18,124289,124290,124302],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,124291,124292,124294,124296,124298,124300],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,124293,34746],{"class":902},[55,124295,906],{"class":703},[55,124297,793],{"class":109},[55,124299,124242],{"class":129},[55,124301,1052],{"class":109},[55,124303,124304,124306,124308,124310,124312,124314,124316,124318,124320,124322,124324,124326],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,124305,62],{"class":61},[55,124307,66],{"class":65},[55,124309,34767],{"class":318},[55,124311,29],{"class":65},[55,124313,1786],{"class":318},[55,124315,1783],{"class":65},[55,124317,41324],{"class":318},[55,124319,66],{"class":65},[55,124321,126],{"class":109},[55,124323,294],{"class":129},[55,124325,126],{"class":109},[55,124327,79],{"class":65},[889,124329,124331],{"id":124330},"forgetting-quotes-around-the-substring","Forgetting quotes around the substring",[14,124333,124334],{},"This causes an error if the variable does not exist:",[46,124336,124338],{"className":48,"code":124337,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(a))\n",[18,124339,124340,124352],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,124341,124342,124344,124346,124348,124350],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,124343,34746],{"class":902},[55,124345,906],{"class":703},[55,124347,793],{"class":109},[55,124349,4373],{"class":129},[55,124351,1052],{"class":109},[55,124353,124354,124356,124358,124360,124362,124364,124366,124368],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,124355,62],{"class":61},[55,124357,66],{"class":65},[55,124359,34767],{"class":318},[55,124361,29],{"class":65},[55,124363,41324],{"class":318},[55,124365,66],{"class":65},[55,124367,294],{"class":318},[55,124369,79],{"class":65},[14,124371,124372,124373,29],{},"Python tries to find a variable named ",[18,124374,294],{},[14,124376,10847],{},[46,124378,124380],{"className":48,"code":124379,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[18,124381,124382,124394],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,124383,124384,124386,124388,124390,124392],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,124385,34746],{"class":902},[55,124387,906],{"class":703},[55,124389,793],{"class":109},[55,124391,4373],{"class":129},[55,124393,1052],{"class":109},[55,124395,124396,124398,124400,124402,124404,124406,124408,124410,124412,124414],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,124397,62],{"class":61},[55,124399,66],{"class":65},[55,124401,34767],{"class":318},[55,124403,29],{"class":65},[55,124405,41324],{"class":318},[55,124407,66],{"class":65},[55,124409,126],{"class":109},[55,124411,294],{"class":129},[55,124413,126],{"class":109},[55,124415,79],{"class":65},[889,124417,37266,124419,1851,124421,25,124424],{"id":124418},"confusing-count-with-find-or-index",[18,124420,57361],{},[18,124422,124423],{},"find()",[18,124425,59039],{},[14,124427,212,124428,124430,124431,29],{},[18,124429,57361],{}," when you need the ",[435,124432,124433],{},"number of matches",[14,124435,212,124436,124430,124441,124443],{},[294,124437,124439],{"href":124438},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method\u002F",[18,124440,124423],{},[435,124442,65019],{}," of the first match.",[14,124445,212,124446,124451],{},[294,124447,124449],{"href":124448},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method\u002F",[18,124450,59039],{}," when you also need the position, but want an error if the text is not found.",[889,124453,124455],{"id":124454},"assuming-it-counts-overlapping-matches","Assuming it counts overlapping matches",[14,124457,124458,124460],{},[18,124459,57361],{}," counts non-overlapping matches only.",[14,124462,358],{},[46,124464,124466],{"className":48,"code":124465,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"aaaa\"\nprint(text.count(\"aa\"))\n",[18,124467,124468,124481],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,124469,124470,124472,124474,124476,124479],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,124471,34746],{"class":902},[55,124473,906],{"class":703},[55,124475,793],{"class":109},[55,124477,124478],{"class":129},"aaaa",[55,124480,1052],{"class":109},[55,124482,124483,124485,124487,124489,124491,124493,124495,124497,124500,124502],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,124484,62],{"class":61},[55,124486,66],{"class":65},[55,124488,34767],{"class":318},[55,124490,29],{"class":65},[55,124492,41324],{"class":318},[55,124494,66],{"class":65},[55,124496,126],{"class":109},[55,124498,124499],{"class":129},"aa",[55,124501,126],{"class":109},[55,124503,79],{"class":65},[14,124505,281],{},[46,124507,124508],{"className":48,"code":17105,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,124509,124510],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,124511,124512],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,124513,17105],{"class":75},[14,124515,124516,124517,29],{},"It does not return ",[18,124518,2366],{},[14,124520,124521],{},"Why not?",[14,124523,124524],{},"Because Python counts these matches:",[240,124526,124527,124536],{},[243,124528,124529,124532,124533],{},[18,124530,124531],{},"\"aa\""," at positions ",[18,124534,124535],{},"0-1",[243,124537,124538,124532,124540],{},[18,124539,124531],{},[18,124541,124542],{},"2-3",[14,124544,124545,124546,29],{},"It does not count overlapping matches like positions ",[18,124547,124548],{},"1-2",[41,124550,5247,124551],{"id":58444},[18,124552,57361],{},[14,124554,212,124555,124557],{},[18,124556,57361],{}," when you need the number of matches in a string.",[14,124559,124560],{},"Choose the right tool for the job:",[240,124562,124563,124572,124582,124592],{},[243,124564,212,124565,124567,124568,124571],{},[18,124566,57361],{}," when you need ",[435,124569,124570],{},"how many times"," something appears",[243,124573,212,124574,124567,124578,124581],{},[294,124575,124576],{"href":124438},[18,124577,124423],{},[435,124579,124580],{},"where"," it appears",[243,124583,47878,124584,124588,124589],{},[294,124585,124586,101674],{"href":123683},[18,124587,4168],{}," when you only need to know ",[435,124590,124591],{},"if it exists",[243,124593,212,124594,124600],{},[294,124595,124597],{"href":124596},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-replace-text-in-a-string-in-python\u002F",[18,124598,124599],{},"replace()"," when you want to change matching text",[41,124602,25996],{"id":25995},[14,124604,2029,124605,124607],{},[18,124606,57361],{}," is not giving the result you expect, check these things:",[46,124609,124611],{"className":48,"code":124610,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[18,124612,124613,124623,124637,124659,124685],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,124614,124615,124617,124619,124621],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,124616,62],{"class":61},[55,124618,66],{"class":65},[55,124620,34767],{"class":318},[55,124622,322],{"class":65},[55,124624,124625,124627,124629,124631,124633,124635],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,124626,62],{"class":61},[55,124628,66],{"class":65},[55,124630,1879],{"class":69},[55,124632,66],{"class":65},[55,124634,34767],{"class":318},[55,124636,79],{"class":65},[55,124638,124639,124641,124643,124645,124647,124649,124651,124653,124655,124657],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,124640,62],{"class":61},[55,124642,66],{"class":65},[55,124644,34767],{"class":318},[55,124646,29],{"class":65},[55,124648,41324],{"class":318},[55,124650,66],{"class":65},[55,124652,126],{"class":109},[55,124654,294],{"class":129},[55,124656,126],{"class":109},[55,124658,79],{"class":65},[55,124660,124661,124663,124665,124667,124669,124671,124673,124675,124677,124679,124681,124683],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,124662,62],{"class":61},[55,124664,66],{"class":65},[55,124666,34767],{"class":318},[55,124668,29],{"class":65},[55,124670,1786],{"class":318},[55,124672,1783],{"class":65},[55,124674,41324],{"class":318},[55,124676,66],{"class":65},[55,124678,126],{"class":109},[55,124680,294],{"class":129},[55,124682,126],{"class":109},[55,124684,79],{"class":65},[55,124686,124687,124689,124691,124693,124695,124697,124699,124701,124703,124705],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,124688,62],{"class":61},[55,124690,66],{"class":65},[55,124692,34767],{"class":318},[55,124694,29],{"class":65},[55,124696,41324],{"class":318},[55,124698,66],{"class":65},[55,124700,126],{"class":109},[55,124702,123521],{"class":129},[55,124704,126],{"class":109},[55,124706,79],{"class":65},[14,124708,124709],{},"These checks can help you find problems such as:",[240,124711,124712,124715,124720,124723],{},[243,124713,124714],{},"the string using different uppercase and lowercase letters",[243,124716,124717,124719],{},[18,124718,34767],{}," not being a string",[243,124721,124722],{},"counting the wrong substring",[243,124724,124725],{},"expecting overlapping matches",[14,124727,58933],{},[240,124729,124730,124733,124736,124739],{},[243,124731,124732],{},"trying to count text with different letter case",[243,124734,124735],{},"passing a variable name that was not defined",[243,124737,124738],{},"expecting overlapping matches to be counted",[243,124740,50560,124741,44696,124743,25,124745,73384],{},[18,124742,57361],{},[18,124744,124423],{},[18,124746,4168],{},[41,124748,2139],{"id":2138},[889,124750,124752,124753,124755],{"id":124751},"does-string-count-change-the-original-string","Does string ",[18,124754,57361],{}," change the original string?",[14,124757,124758],{},"No. It only returns a number. The original string stays the same.",[889,124760,14950,124762,124764],{"id":124761},"is-count-case-sensitive",[18,124763,57361],{}," case-sensitive?",[14,124766,124767],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are counted separately.",[889,124769,5429,124771,124773],{"id":124770},"what-does-count-return-if-nothing-is-found",[18,124772,57361],{}," return if nothing is found?",[14,124775,2157,124776,29],{},[18,124777,76],{},[889,124779,5456,124781,124783],{"id":124780},"can-count-count-words-instead-of-letters",[18,124782,57361],{}," count words instead of letters?",[14,124785,124786],{},"Yes. It can count any substring, including full words.",[889,124788,12748,124790,124792],{"id":124789},"does-count-count-overlapping-matches",[18,124791,57361],{}," count overlapping matches?",[14,124794,124795],{},"No. It counts non-overlapping matches only.",[41,124797,2193],{"id":2192},[240,124799,124800,124807,124814,124821,124828],{},[243,124801,124802],{},[294,124803,124804],{"href":124438},[18,124805,124806],{},"Python string find() method",[243,124808,124809],{},[294,124810,124811],{"href":124448},[18,124812,124813],{},"Python string index() method",[243,124815,124816],{},[294,124817,124818],{"href":124155},[18,124819,124820],{},"Python string lower() method",[243,124822,124823],{},[294,124824,124825],{"href":123683},[18,124826,124827],{},"How to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[243,124829,124830],{},[294,124831,124832],{"href":124596},[18,124833,124834],{},"How to replace text in a string in Python",[2226,124836,124837],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":124839},[124840,124841,124843,124846,124847,124848,124849,124852,124853,124861,124862,124863,124875],{"id":2307,"depth":82,"text":2308},{"id":123549,"depth":82,"text":124842},"What the count() method does",{"id":2459,"depth":82,"text":2460,"children":124844},[124845],{"id":17443,"depth":98,"text":17444},{"id":17467,"depth":82,"text":17468},{"id":11516,"depth":82,"text":11517},{"id":123765,"depth":82,"text":123766},{"id":65479,"depth":82,"text":66262,"children":124850},[124851],{"id":123986,"depth":98,"text":123987},{"id":124074,"depth":82,"text":124075},{"id":1585,"depth":82,"text":1586,"children":124854},[124855,124857,124858,124860],{"id":124220,"depth":98,"text":124856},"Expecting count() to ignore case automatically",{"id":124330,"depth":98,"text":124331},{"id":124418,"depth":98,"text":124859},"Confusing count() with find() or index()",{"id":124454,"depth":98,"text":124455},{"id":58444,"depth":82,"text":59075},{"id":25995,"depth":82,"text":25996},{"id":2138,"depth":82,"text":2139,"children":124864},[124865,124867,124869,124871,124873],{"id":124751,"depth":98,"text":124866},"Does string count() change the original string?",{"id":124761,"depth":98,"text":124868},"Is count() case-sensitive?",{"id":124770,"depth":98,"text":124870},"What does count() return if nothing is found?",{"id":124780,"depth":98,"text":124872},"Can count() count words instead of letters?",{"id":124789,"depth":98,"text":124874},"Does count() count overlapping matches?",{"id":2192,"depth":82,"text":2193},"Master python string count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method",{"title":123422,"description":124876},"reference\u002Fpython-string-count-method","xCR9DWe-YanJ6UFYPr-2k6HicXjYCslaXeN-KYxccGE",{"id":124883,"title":124884,"body":124885,"description":126470,"extension":2267,"meta":126471,"navigation":1121,"path":126472,"seo":126473,"stem":126474,"__hash__":126475},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string.md","Python String: Creating a String",{"type":7,"value":124886,"toc":126443},[124887,124890,124893,124990,124999,125001,125020,125024,125027,125030,125043,125046,125075,125080,125085,125143,125145,125178,125184,125188,125191,125194,125223,125226,125253,125256,125259,125263,125266,125273,125336,125338,125356,125359,125363,125366,125369,125411,125414,125458,125461,125464,125468,125473,125476,125519,125521,125544,125547,125580,125583,125632,125642,125646,125649,125652,125681,125684,125695,125697,125756,125759,125763,125766,125769,125784,125793,125796,125830,125833,125860,125863,125870,125872,125875,125877,125880,125894,125903,125905,125932,125936,125939,125953,125956,126015,126019,126022,126049,126052,126079,126087,126090,126150,126152,126185,126189,126192,126211,126216,126265,126270,126272,126275,126334,126352,126354,126358,126366,126370,126373,126377,126383,126387,126397,126401,126404,126406,126440],[10,124888,124884],{"id":124889},"python-string-creating-a-string",[14,124891,124892],{},"Learn the basic ways to create strings in Python. This page focuses only on making string values, not changing or processing them.",[46,124894,124896],{"className":48,"code":124895,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name = \"Alice\"\nmessage = 'Hello'\nempty = \"\"\ntext = str(123)\n\nprint(name)\nprint(message)\nprint(empty)\nprint(text)\n",[18,124897,124898,124910,124922,124931,124945,124949,124959,124969,124980],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,124899,124900,124902,124904,124906,124908],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,124901,1004],{"class":902},[55,124903,906],{"class":703},[55,124905,793],{"class":109},[55,124907,5290],{"class":129},[55,124909,1052],{"class":109},[55,124911,124912,124914,124916,124918,124920],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,124913,90080],{"class":902},[55,124915,906],{"class":703},[55,124917,1918],{"class":109},[55,124919,34926],{"class":129},[55,124921,29755],{"class":109},[55,124923,124924,124927,124929],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,124925,124926],{"class":902},"empty ",[55,124928,906],{"class":703},[55,124930,1009],{"class":109},[55,124932,124933,124935,124937,124939,124941,124943],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,124934,34746],{"class":902},[55,124936,906],{"class":703},[55,124938,48972],{"class":69},[55,124940,66],{"class":65},[55,124942,50314],{"class":75},[55,124944,322],{"class":65},[55,124946,124947],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,124948,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,124950,124951,124953,124955,124957],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,124952,62],{"class":61},[55,124954,66],{"class":65},[55,124956,785],{"class":318},[55,124958,322],{"class":65},[55,124960,124961,124963,124965,124967],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,124962,62],{"class":61},[55,124964,66],{"class":65},[55,124966,90097],{"class":318},[55,124968,322],{"class":65},[55,124970,124971,124973,124975,124978],{"class":57,"line":582},[55,124972,62],{"class":61},[55,124974,66],{"class":65},[55,124976,124977],{"class":318},"empty",[55,124979,322],{"class":65},[55,124981,124982,124984,124986,124988],{"class":57,"line":6706},[55,124983,62],{"class":61},[55,124985,66],{"class":65},[55,124987,34767],{"class":318},[55,124989,322],{"class":65},[14,124991,124992,124995,124996,124998],{},[435,124993,124994],{},"Note:"," Use single quotes, double quotes, or ",[18,124997,47751],{}," to create a string. Triple quotes are useful for multi-line text.",[41,125000,15210],{"id":15209},[240,125002,125003,125006,125009,125012,125017],{},[243,125004,125005],{},"What a string is in Python",[243,125007,125008],{},"How to create a string with quotes",[243,125010,125011],{},"How to create an empty string",[243,125013,125014,125015],{},"How to convert other values to strings with ",[18,125016,47751],{},[243,125018,125019],{},"When to use single, double, or triple quotes",[41,125021,125023],{"id":125022},"what-a-string-is","What a string is",[14,125025,125026],{},"A string is text data in Python.",[14,125028,125029],{},"Strings can contain:",[240,125031,125032,125035,125037,125040],{},[243,125033,125034],{},"Letters",[243,125036,56532],{},[243,125038,125039],{},"Spaces",[243,125041,125042],{},"Symbols",[14,125044,125045],{},"Examples of strings:",[46,125047,125049],{"className":48,"code":125048,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"\"hello\"\n\"123\"\n\"Python is fun\"\n",[18,125050,125051,125059,125067],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,125052,125053,125055,125057],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,125054,126],{"class":43394},[55,125056,130],{"class":43398},[55,125058,1052],{"class":43394},[55,125060,125061,125063,125065],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,125062,126],{"class":43394},[55,125064,50314],{"class":43398},[55,125066,1052],{"class":43394},[55,125068,125069,125071,125073],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,125070,126],{"class":43394},[55,125072,89222],{"class":43398},[55,125074,1052],{"class":43394},[14,125076,21029,125077,125079],{},[18,125078,50364],{}," looks like a number, it is a string because it is inside quotes.",[14,125081,125082,125083,790],{},"You can check the type with ",[18,125084,2606],{},[46,125086,125088],{"className":48,"code":125087,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = 123\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[18,125089,125090,125102,125111,125115,125129],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,125091,125092,125094,125096,125098,125100],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,125093,34746],{"class":902},[55,125095,906],{"class":703},[55,125097,793],{"class":109},[55,125099,50314],{"class":129},[55,125101,1052],{"class":109},[55,125103,125104,125106,125108],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,125105,2521],{"class":902},[55,125107,906],{"class":703},[55,125109,125110],{"class":75}," 123\n",[55,125112,125113],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,125114,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,125116,125117,125119,125121,125123,125125,125127],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,125118,62],{"class":61},[55,125120,66],{"class":65},[55,125122,1879],{"class":69},[55,125124,66],{"class":65},[55,125126,34767],{"class":318},[55,125128,79],{"class":65},[55,125130,125131,125133,125135,125137,125139,125141],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,125132,62],{"class":61},[55,125134,66],{"class":65},[55,125136,1879],{"class":69},[55,125138,66],{"class":65},[55,125140,2544],{"class":318},[55,125142,79],{"class":65},[14,125144,281],{},[46,125146,125148],{"className":48,"code":125147,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[18,125149,125150,125164],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,125151,125152,125154,125156,125158,125160,125162],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,125153,1911],{"class":703},[55,125155,1915],{"class":1914},[55,125157,1918],{"class":109},[55,125159,3738],{"class":129},[55,125161,1923],{"class":109},[55,125163,1926],{"class":703},[55,125165,125166,125168,125170,125172,125174,125176],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,125167,1911],{"class":703},[55,125169,1915],{"class":1914},[55,125171,1918],{"class":109},[55,125173,2492],{"class":129},[55,125175,1923],{"class":109},[55,125177,1926],{"class":703},[14,125179,125180,125181,29],{},"If you are new to strings, see ",[294,125182,125183],{"href":51044},"Python strings explained: basics and examples",[41,125185,125187],{"id":125186},"create-a-string-with-quotes","Create a string with quotes",[14,125189,125190],{},"The most common way to create a string is to put text inside quotes.",[14,125192,125193],{},"You can use single quotes:",[46,125195,125197],{"className":48,"code":125196,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"greeting = 'hello'\nprint(greeting)\n",[18,125198,125199,125212],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,125200,125201,125204,125206,125208,125210],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,125202,125203],{"class":902},"greeting ",[55,125205,906],{"class":703},[55,125207,1918],{"class":109},[55,125209,130],{"class":129},[55,125211,29755],{"class":109},[55,125213,125214,125216,125218,125221],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,125215,62],{"class":61},[55,125217,66],{"class":65},[55,125219,125220],{"class":318},"greeting",[55,125222,322],{"class":65},[14,125224,125225],{},"Or double quotes:",[46,125227,125229],{"className":48,"code":125228,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"greeting = \"hello\"\nprint(greeting)\n",[18,125230,125231,125243],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,125232,125233,125235,125237,125239,125241],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,125234,125203],{"class":902},[55,125236,906],{"class":703},[55,125238,793],{"class":109},[55,125240,130],{"class":129},[55,125242,1052],{"class":109},[55,125244,125245,125247,125249,125251],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,125246,62],{"class":61},[55,125248,66],{"class":65},[55,125250,125220],{"class":318},[55,125252,322],{"class":65},[14,125254,125255],{},"Both create a string. In most cases, there is no difference.",[14,125257,125258],{},"Choose the style that makes your text easier to write.",[41,125260,125262],{"id":125261},"create-an-empty-string","Create an empty string",[14,125264,125265],{},"An empty string is a string with no characters in it.",[14,125267,125268,125269,25,125271,790],{},"Use either ",[18,125270,110],{},[18,125272,4065],{},[46,125274,125276],{"className":48,"code":125275,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"empty1 = \"\"\nempty2 = ''\n\nprint(empty1)\nprint(empty2)\nprint(type(empty1))\n",[18,125277,125278,125287,125296,125300,125311,125322],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,125279,125280,125283,125285],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,125281,125282],{"class":902},"empty1 ",[55,125284,906],{"class":703},[55,125286,1009],{"class":109},[55,125288,125289,125292,125294],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,125290,125291],{"class":902},"empty2 ",[55,125293,906],{"class":703},[55,125295,47563],{"class":109},[55,125297,125298],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,125299,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,125301,125302,125304,125306,125309],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,125303,62],{"class":61},[55,125305,66],{"class":65},[55,125307,125308],{"class":318},"empty1",[55,125310,322],{"class":65},[55,125312,125313,125315,125317,125320],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,125314,62],{"class":61},[55,125316,66],{"class":65},[55,125318,125319],{"class":318},"empty2",[55,125321,322],{"class":65},[55,125323,125324,125326,125328,125330,125332,125334],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,125325,62],{"class":61},[55,125327,66],{"class":65},[55,125329,1879],{"class":69},[55,125331,66],{"class":65},[55,125333,125308],{"class":318},[55,125335,79],{"class":65},[14,125337,281],{},[46,125339,125340],{"className":48,"code":45837,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,125341,125342],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,125343,125344,125346,125348,125350,125352,125354],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,125345,1911],{"class":703},[55,125347,1915],{"class":1914},[55,125349,1918],{"class":109},[55,125351,3738],{"class":129},[55,125353,1923],{"class":109},[55,125355,1926],{"class":703},[14,125357,125358],{},"An empty string is often used as a starting value before adding text later.",[41,125360,125362],{"id":125361},"create-a-multi-line-string","Create a multi-line string",[14,125364,125365],{},"Use triple quotes when you want text to span more than one line.",[14,125367,125368],{},"You can use triple double quotes:",[46,125370,125372],{"className":48,"code":125371,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"message = \"\"\"Hello\nWelcome to Python\nHave a nice day\"\"\"\n\nprint(message)\n",[18,125373,125374,125385,125390,125397,125401],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,125375,125376,125378,125380,125383],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,125377,90080],{"class":902},[55,125379,906],{"class":703},[55,125381,125382],{"class":109}," \"\"\"",[55,125384,89022],{"class":129},[55,125386,125387],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,125388,125389],{"class":129},"Welcome to Python\n",[55,125391,125392,125395],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,125393,125394],{"class":129},"Have a nice day",[55,125396,43402],{"class":109},[55,125398,125399],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,125400,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,125402,125403,125405,125407,125409],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,125404,62],{"class":61},[55,125406,66],{"class":65},[55,125408,90097],{"class":318},[55,125410,322],{"class":65},[14,125412,125413],{},"Or triple single quotes:",[46,125415,125417],{"className":48,"code":125416,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"message = '''Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3'''\n\nprint(message)\n",[18,125418,125419,125431,125436,125444,125448],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,125420,125421,125423,125425,125428],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,125422,90080],{"class":902},[55,125424,906],{"class":703},[55,125426,125427],{"class":109}," '''",[55,125429,125430],{"class":129},"Line 1\n",[55,125432,125433],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,125434,125435],{"class":129},"Line 2\n",[55,125437,125438,125441],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,125439,125440],{"class":129},"Line 3",[55,125442,125443],{"class":109},"'''\n",[55,125445,125446],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,125447,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,125449,125450,125452,125454,125456],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,125451,62],{"class":61},[55,125453,66],{"class":65},[55,125455,90097],{"class":318},[55,125457,322],{"class":65},[14,125459,125460],{},"Python keeps the line breaks inside the string.",[14,125462,125463],{},"Use triple quotes when you really need multiple lines. For normal one-line text, single or double quotes are usually clearer.",[41,125465,125467],{"id":125466},"convert-values-to-strings-with-str","Convert values to strings with str()",[14,125469,16,125470,125472],{},[18,125471,47751],{}," function converts other values into strings.",[14,125474,125475],{},"Example with a number:",[46,125477,125479],{"className":48,"code":125478,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = str(42)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[18,125480,125481,125495,125505],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,125482,125483,125485,125487,125489,125491,125493],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,125484,34746],{"class":902},[55,125486,906],{"class":703},[55,125488,48972],{"class":69},[55,125490,66],{"class":65},[55,125492,46593],{"class":75},[55,125494,322],{"class":65},[55,125496,125497,125499,125501,125503],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,125498,62],{"class":61},[55,125500,66],{"class":65},[55,125502,34767],{"class":318},[55,125504,322],{"class":65},[55,125506,125507,125509,125511,125513,125515,125517],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,125508,62],{"class":61},[55,125510,66],{"class":65},[55,125512,1879],{"class":69},[55,125514,66],{"class":65},[55,125516,34767],{"class":318},[55,125518,79],{"class":65},[14,125520,281],{},[46,125522,125524],{"className":48,"code":125523,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,125525,125526,125530],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,125527,125528],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,125529,46679],{"class":75},[55,125531,125532,125534,125536,125538,125540,125542],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,125533,1911],{"class":703},[55,125535,1915],{"class":1914},[55,125537,1918],{"class":109},[55,125539,3738],{"class":129},[55,125541,1923],{"class":109},[55,125543,1926],{"class":703},[14,125545,125546],{},"You can also convert other values:",[46,125548,125550],{"className":48,"code":125549,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(str(True))\nprint(str(3.14))\n",[18,125551,125552,125566],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,125553,125554,125556,125558,125560,125562,125564],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,125555,62],{"class":61},[55,125557,66],{"class":65},[55,125559,3738],{"class":69},[55,125561,66],{"class":65},[55,125563,24],{"class":187},[55,125565,79],{"class":65},[55,125567,125568,125570,125572,125574,125576,125578],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,125569,62],{"class":61},[55,125571,66],{"class":65},[55,125573,3738],{"class":69},[55,125575,66],{"class":65},[55,125577,40207],{"class":75},[55,125579,79],{"class":65},[14,125581,125582],{},"This is useful when you need to combine text with other data.",[46,125584,125586],{"className":48,"code":125585,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"age = 25\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[18,125587,125588,125596,125618,125622],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,125589,125590,125592,125594],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,125591,21680],{"class":902},[55,125593,906],{"class":703},[55,125595,45292],{"class":75},[55,125597,125598,125600,125602,125604,125606,125608,125610,125612,125614,125616],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,125599,90080],{"class":902},[55,125601,906],{"class":703},[55,125603,793],{"class":109},[55,125605,89498],{"class":129},[55,125607,126],{"class":109},[55,125609,2756],{"class":703},[55,125611,48972],{"class":69},[55,125613,66],{"class":65},[55,125615,9336],{"class":318},[55,125617,322],{"class":65},[55,125619,125620],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,125621,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,125623,125624,125626,125628,125630],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,125625,62],{"class":61},[55,125627,66],{"class":65},[55,125629,90097],{"class":318},[55,125631,322],{"class":65},[14,125633,125634,125635,25,125639,29],{},"If you want to learn this function in more detail, see ",[294,125636,3871,125637,3804],{"href":42240},[18,125638,47751],{},[294,125640,125641],{"href":123353},"how to convert int to string in Python",[41,125643,125645],{"id":125644},"single-quotes-vs-double-quotes","Single quotes vs double quotes",[14,125647,125648],{},"There is no major difference between single quotes and double quotes for normal strings.",[14,125650,125651],{},"Both of these are valid:",[46,125653,125655],{"className":48,"code":125654,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = 'Python'\nb = \"Python\"\n",[18,125656,125657,125669],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,125658,125659,125661,125663,125665,125667],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,125660,2857],{"class":902},[55,125662,906],{"class":703},[55,125664,1918],{"class":109},[55,125666,393],{"class":129},[55,125668,29755],{"class":109},[55,125670,125671,125673,125675,125677,125679],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,125672,2885],{"class":902},[55,125674,906],{"class":703},[55,125676,793],{"class":109},[55,125678,393],{"class":129},[55,125680,1052],{"class":109},[14,125682,125683],{},"A common rule is:",[240,125685,125686,125689,125692],{},[243,125687,125688],{},"Use double quotes if the text contains a single quote",[243,125690,125691],{},"Use single quotes if the text contains double quotes",[243,125693,125694],{},"Pick one style and stay consistent",[14,125696,358],{},[46,125698,125700],{"className":48,"code":125699,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text1 = \"It's working\"\ntext2 = 'She said \"hello\"'\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[18,125701,125702,125716,125730,125734,125745],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,125703,125704,125707,125709,125711,125714],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,125705,125706],{"class":902},"text1 ",[55,125708,906],{"class":703},[55,125710,793],{"class":109},[55,125712,125713],{"class":129},"It's working",[55,125715,1052],{"class":109},[55,125717,125718,125721,125723,125725,125728],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,125719,125720],{"class":902},"text2 ",[55,125722,906],{"class":703},[55,125724,1918],{"class":109},[55,125726,125727],{"class":129},"She said \"hello\"",[55,125729,29755],{"class":109},[55,125731,125732],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,125733,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,125735,125736,125738,125740,125743],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,125737,62],{"class":61},[55,125739,66],{"class":65},[55,125741,125742],{"class":318},"text1",[55,125744,322],{"class":65},[55,125746,125747,125749,125751,125754],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,125748,62],{"class":61},[55,125750,66],{"class":65},[55,125752,125753],{"class":318},"text2",[55,125755,322],{"class":65},[14,125757,125758],{},"This helps you avoid unnecessary escaping.",[41,125760,125762],{"id":125761},"escaping-quote-characters","Escaping quote characters",[14,125764,125765],{},"A quote character can end a string too early if it matches the quote used to start the string.",[14,125767,125768],{},"For example, this causes a problem:",[46,125770,125772],{"className":48,"code":125771,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's working'\n",[18,125773,125774,125779],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,125775,125776],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,125777,125778],{"class":3956},"# This will cause an error\n",[55,125780,125781],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,125782,125783],{"class":3956},"# text = 'It's working'\n",[14,125785,125786,125787,35389,125789,125792],{},"Python sees the second ",[18,125788,1923],{},[18,125790,125791],{},"It's"," as the end of the string.",[14,125794,125795],{},"To fix this, use a backslash:",[46,125797,125799],{"className":48,"code":125798,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = 'It\\'s working'\nprint(text)\n",[18,125800,125801,125820],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,125802,125803,125805,125807,125809,125812,125815,125818],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,125804,34746],{"class":902},[55,125806,906],{"class":703},[55,125808,1918],{"class":109},[55,125810,125811],{"class":129},"It",[55,125813,125814],{"class":34511},"\\'",[55,125816,125817],{"class":129},"s working",[55,125819,29755],{"class":109},[55,125821,125822,125824,125826,125828],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,125823,62],{"class":61},[55,125825,66],{"class":65},[55,125827,34767],{"class":318},[55,125829,322],{"class":65},[14,125831,125832],{},"You can also switch quote styles:",[46,125834,125836],{"className":48,"code":125835,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"It's working\"\nprint(text)\n",[18,125837,125838,125850],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,125839,125840,125842,125844,125846,125848],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,125841,34746],{"class":902},[55,125843,906],{"class":703},[55,125845,793],{"class":109},[55,125847,125713],{"class":129},[55,125849,1052],{"class":109},[55,125851,125852,125854,125856,125858],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,125853,62],{"class":61},[55,125855,66],{"class":65},[55,125857,34767],{"class":318},[55,125859,322],{"class":65},[14,125861,125862],{},"In many cases, switching quote styles is simpler than escaping.",[14,125864,125865,125866,29],{},"If you get a quote-related error, see ",[294,125867,125869],{"href":125868},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fsyntaxerror-eol-while-scanning-string-literal-fix\u002F","SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal",[41,125871,1586],{"id":1585},[14,125873,125874],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating strings.",[889,125876,90287],{"id":90286},[14,125878,125879],{},"If you write text without quotes, Python treats it like a variable name.",[46,125881,125883],{"className":48,"code":125882,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"# This will cause an error\n# name = Alice\n",[18,125884,125885,125889],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,125886,125887],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,125888,125778],{"class":3956},[55,125890,125891],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,125892,125893],{"class":3956},"# name = Alice\n",[14,125895,125896,125897,1747,125900,125902],{},"Python may raise a ",[18,125898,125899],{},"NameError",[18,125901,5290],{}," is not defined.",[14,125904,10847],{},[46,125906,125908],{"className":48,"code":125907,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(name)\n",[18,125909,125910,125922],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,125911,125912,125914,125916,125918,125920],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,125913,1004],{"class":902},[55,125915,906],{"class":703},[55,125917,793],{"class":109},[55,125919,5290],{"class":129},[55,125921,1052],{"class":109},[55,125923,125924,125926,125928,125930],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,125925,62],{"class":61},[55,125927,66],{"class":65},[55,125929,785],{"class":318},[55,125931,322],{"class":65},[889,125933,125935],{"id":125934},"mixing-quote-characters-incorrectly","Mixing quote characters incorrectly",[14,125937,125938],{},"This can break the string early and cause a syntax error.",[46,125940,125942],{"className":48,"code":125941,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's good'\n",[18,125943,125944,125948],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,125945,125946],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,125947,125778],{"class":3956},[55,125949,125950],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,125951,125952],{"class":3956},"# text = 'It's good'\n",[14,125954,125955],{},"Fix it by escaping the quote or changing quote styles:",[46,125957,125959],{"className":48,"code":125958,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text1 = 'It\\'s good'\ntext2 = \"It's good\"\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[18,125960,125961,125978,125991,125995,126005],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,125962,125963,125965,125967,125969,125971,125973,125976],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,125964,125706],{"class":902},[55,125966,906],{"class":703},[55,125968,1918],{"class":109},[55,125970,125811],{"class":129},[55,125972,125814],{"class":34511},[55,125974,125975],{"class":129},"s good",[55,125977,29755],{"class":109},[55,125979,125980,125982,125984,125986,125989],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,125981,125720],{"class":902},[55,125983,906],{"class":703},[55,125985,793],{"class":109},[55,125987,125988],{"class":129},"It's good",[55,125990,1052],{"class":109},[55,125992,125993],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,125994,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,125996,125997,125999,126001,126003],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,125998,62],{"class":61},[55,126000,66],{"class":65},[55,126002,125742],{"class":318},[55,126004,322],{"class":65},[55,126006,126007,126009,126011,126013],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,126008,62],{"class":61},[55,126010,66],{"class":65},[55,126012,125753],{"class":318},[55,126014,322],{"class":65},[889,126016,126018],{"id":126017},"using-triple-quotes-when-a-single-line-string-is-enough","Using triple quotes when a single-line string is enough",[14,126020,126021],{},"Triple quotes work, but they are usually best for multi-line text.",[46,126023,126025],{"className":48,"code":126024,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"\"\"hello\"\"\"\nprint(text)\n",[18,126026,126027,126039],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,126028,126029,126031,126033,126035,126037],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,126030,34746],{"class":902},[55,126032,906],{"class":703},[55,126034,125382],{"class":109},[55,126036,130],{"class":129},[55,126038,43402],{"class":109},[55,126040,126041,126043,126045,126047],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,126042,62],{"class":61},[55,126044,66],{"class":65},[55,126046,34767],{"class":318},[55,126048,322],{"class":65},[14,126050,126051],{},"This is valid, but for one line, this is simpler:",[46,126053,126055],{"className":48,"code":126054,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text)\n",[18,126056,126057,126069],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,126058,126059,126061,126063,126065,126067],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,126060,34746],{"class":902},[55,126062,906],{"class":703},[55,126064,793],{"class":109},[55,126066,130],{"class":129},[55,126068,1052],{"class":109},[55,126070,126071,126073,126075,126077],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,126072,62],{"class":61},[55,126074,66],{"class":65},[55,126076,34767],{"class":318},[55,126078,322],{"class":65},[889,126080,4864,126082,4679,126084,126086],{"id":126081},"assuming-123-and-123-are-the-same-type",[18,126083,50314],{},[18,126085,50364],{}," are the same type",[14,126088,126089],{},"They are different:",[46,126091,126093],{"className":48,"code":126092,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value1 = 123\nvalue2 = \"123\"\n\nprint(type(value1))\nprint(type(value2))\n",[18,126094,126095,126104,126117,126121,126135],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,126096,126097,126100,126102],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,126098,126099],{"class":902},"value1 ",[55,126101,906],{"class":703},[55,126103,125110],{"class":75},[55,126105,126106,126109,126111,126113,126115],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,126107,126108],{"class":902},"value2 ",[55,126110,906],{"class":703},[55,126112,793],{"class":109},[55,126114,50314],{"class":129},[55,126116,1052],{"class":109},[55,126118,126119],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,126120,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,126122,126123,126125,126127,126129,126131,126133],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,126124,62],{"class":61},[55,126126,66],{"class":65},[55,126128,1879],{"class":69},[55,126130,66],{"class":65},[55,126132,84843],{"class":318},[55,126134,79],{"class":65},[55,126136,126137,126139,126141,126143,126145,126148],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,126138,62],{"class":61},[55,126140,66],{"class":65},[55,126142,1879],{"class":69},[55,126144,66],{"class":65},[55,126146,126147],{"class":318},"value2",[55,126149,79],{"class":65},[14,126151,281],{},[46,126153,126155],{"className":48,"code":126154,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,126156,126157,126171],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,126158,126159,126161,126163,126165,126167,126169],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,126160,1911],{"class":703},[55,126162,1915],{"class":1914},[55,126164,1918],{"class":109},[55,126166,2492],{"class":129},[55,126168,1923],{"class":109},[55,126170,1926],{"class":703},[55,126172,126173,126175,126177,126179,126181,126183],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,126174,1911],{"class":703},[55,126176,1915],{"class":1914},[55,126178,1918],{"class":109},[55,126180,3738],{"class":129},[55,126182,1923],{"class":109},[55,126184,1926],{"class":703},[889,126186,126188],{"id":126187},"trying-to-join-text-and-numbers-without-converting-first","Trying to join text and numbers without converting first",[14,126190,126191],{},"This causes a type error:",[46,126193,126195],{"className":48,"code":126194,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"# This will cause an error\n# age = 10\n# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[18,126196,126197,126201,126206],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,126198,126199],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,126200,125778],{"class":3956},[55,126202,126203],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,126204,126205],{"class":3956},"# age = 10\n",[55,126207,126208],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,126209,126210],{"class":3956},"# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[14,126212,126213,126214,790],{},"Fix it with ",[18,126215,47751],{},[46,126217,126219],{"className":48,"code":126218,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"age = 10\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[18,126220,126221,126229,126251,126255],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,126222,126223,126225,126227],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,126224,21680],{"class":902},[55,126226,906],{"class":703},[55,126228,2890],{"class":75},[55,126230,126231,126233,126235,126237,126239,126241,126243,126245,126247,126249],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,126232,90080],{"class":902},[55,126234,906],{"class":703},[55,126236,793],{"class":109},[55,126238,89498],{"class":129},[55,126240,126],{"class":109},[55,126242,2756],{"class":703},[55,126244,48972],{"class":69},[55,126246,66],{"class":65},[55,126248,9336],{"class":318},[55,126250,322],{"class":65},[55,126252,126253],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,126254,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,126256,126257,126259,126261,126263],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,126258,62],{"class":61},[55,126260,66],{"class":65},[55,126262,90097],{"class":318},[55,126264,322],{"class":65},[14,126266,126267,126268,29],{},"For this specific error, see ",[294,126269,90479],{"href":90478},[889,126271,60782],{"id":60781},[14,126273,126274],{},"If you are not sure what value you created, these commands help:",[46,126276,126278],{"className":48,"code":126277,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(repr(text))\n",[18,126279,126280,126292,126296,126306,126320],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,126281,126282,126284,126286,126288,126290],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,126283,34746],{"class":902},[55,126285,906],{"class":703},[55,126287,793],{"class":109},[55,126289,130],{"class":129},[55,126291,1052],{"class":109},[55,126293,126294],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,126295,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,126297,126298,126300,126302,126304],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,126299,62],{"class":61},[55,126301,66],{"class":65},[55,126303,34767],{"class":318},[55,126305,322],{"class":65},[55,126307,126308,126310,126312,126314,126316,126318],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,126309,62],{"class":61},[55,126311,66],{"class":65},[55,126313,1879],{"class":69},[55,126315,66],{"class":65},[55,126317,34767],{"class":318},[55,126319,79],{"class":65},[55,126321,126322,126324,126326,126328,126330,126332],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,126323,62],{"class":61},[55,126325,66],{"class":65},[55,126327,41844],{"class":61},[55,126329,66],{"class":65},[55,126331,34767],{"class":318},[55,126333,79],{"class":65},[240,126335,126336,126341,126346],{},[243,126337,126338,46345],{},[18,126339,126340],{},"print(text)",[243,126342,126343,46350],{},[18,126344,126345],{},"print(type(text))",[243,126347,126348,126351],{},[18,126349,126350],{},"print(repr(text))"," shows the exact string representation, which is helpful for spaces and escape characters",[41,126353,2139],{"id":2138},[889,126355,126357],{"id":126356},"how-do-i-create-a-string-in-python","How do I create a string in Python?",[14,126359,126360,126361,25,126364,29],{},"Put text inside single quotes or double quotes, like ",[18,126362,126363],{},"'hello'",[18,126365,64607],{},[889,126367,126369],{"id":126368},"what-is-the-difference-between-single-and-double-quotes-in-python","What is the difference between single and double quotes in Python?",[14,126371,126372],{},"Usually none. They both create strings. Choose the one that avoids extra escaping.",[889,126374,126376],{"id":126375},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-string","How do I create an empty string?",[14,126378,212,126379,25,126381,29],{},[18,126380,110],{},[18,126382,4065],{},[889,126384,126386],{"id":126385},"how-do-i-turn-a-number-into-a-string","How do I turn a number into a string?",[14,126388,212,126389,126391,126392,126394,126395,29],{},[18,126390,47751],{},", like ",[18,126393,80453],{},", which returns ",[18,126396,42191],{},[889,126398,126400],{"id":126399},"how-do-i-write-a-string-on-multiple-lines","How do I write a string on multiple lines?",[14,126402,126403],{},"Use triple quotes so Python keeps the line breaks.",[41,126405,2193],{"id":2192},[240,126407,126408,126412,126418,126423,126432,126436],{},[243,126409,126410],{},[294,126411,125183],{"href":51044},[243,126413,126414],{},[294,126415,3871,126416,3804],{"href":42240},[18,126417,47751],{},[243,126419,126420],{},[294,126421,126422],{"href":123353},"How to convert int to string in Python",[243,126424,126425],{},[294,126426,126428,126429,10780],{"href":126427},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method\u002F","Python string ",[18,126430,126431],{},"format()",[243,126433,126434],{},[294,126435,125869],{"href":125868},[243,126437,126438],{},[294,126439,90479],{"href":90478},[2226,126441,126442],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":126444},[126445,126446,126447,126448,126449,126450,126451,126452,126453,126462,126469],{"id":15209,"depth":82,"text":15210},{"id":125022,"depth":82,"text":125023},{"id":125186,"depth":82,"text":125187},{"id":125261,"depth":82,"text":125262},{"id":125361,"depth":82,"text":125362},{"id":125466,"depth":82,"text":125467},{"id":125644,"depth":82,"text":125645},{"id":125761,"depth":82,"text":125762},{"id":1585,"depth":82,"text":1586,"children":126454},[126455,126456,126457,126458,126460,126461],{"id":90286,"depth":98,"text":90287},{"id":125934,"depth":98,"text":125935},{"id":126017,"depth":98,"text":126018},{"id":126081,"depth":98,"text":126459},"Assuming 123 and \"123\" are the same type",{"id":126187,"depth":98,"text":126188},{"id":60781,"depth":98,"text":60782},{"id":2138,"depth":82,"text":2139,"children":126463},[126464,126465,126466,126467,126468],{"id":126356,"depth":98,"text":126357},{"id":126368,"depth":98,"text":126369},{"id":126375,"depth":98,"text":126376},{"id":126385,"depth":98,"text":126386},{"id":126399,"depth":98,"text":126400},{"id":2192,"depth":82,"text":2193},"Master python string creating a string in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string",{"title":124884,"description":126470},"reference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string","4BQU6hnmGKtWtbnNEuQ2DsM1B7YLS8pxu2cdWLKXLUE",{"id":126477,"title":126478,"body":126479,"description":128393,"extension":2267,"meta":128394,"navigation":1121,"path":128395,"seo":128396,"stem":128397,"__hash__":128398},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method.md","Python String endswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":126480,"toc":128354},[126481,126487,126492,126500,126502,126569,126571,126583,126592,126597,126601,126618,126620,126685,126687,126699,126704,126706,126734,126755,126758,126797,126799,126807,126811,126815,126819,126827,126830,126871,126873,126881,126884,126941,126943,126951,126955,126960,127004,127006,127014,127023,127027,127032,127080,127082,127090,127096,127098,127102,127114,127119,127198,127200,127220,127224,127228,127268,127270,127278,127282,127325,127327,127335,127339,127379,127381,127389,127393,127449,127451,127459,127465,127467,127471,127481,127548,127550,127563,127570,127613,127615,127623,127627,127630,127686,127688,127696,127699,127701,127778,127780,127788,127797,127799,127803,127807,127809,127831,127834,127881,127885,127924,127926,127934,127936,127978,127985,127990,128052,128054,128066,128072,128077,128126,128128,128147,128153,128155,128174,128176,128267,128269,128275,128282,128288,128294,128299,128308,128315,128323,128325,128351],[10,126482,123428,126484,11363],{"id":126483},"python-string-endswith-method",[18,126485,126486],{},"endswith()",[14,126488,123433,126489,126491],{},[18,126490,126486],{}," method checks whether a string ends with specific text.",[14,126493,126494,126495,25,126497,126499],{},"It is useful when you want a simple ",[18,126496,24],{},[18,126498,28],{}," answer. Beginners often use it for file extensions, URL endings, and checking user input.",[41,126501,2308],{"id":2307},[46,126503,126505],{"className":48,"code":126504,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[18,126506,126507,126521,126546],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,126508,126509,126512,126514,126516,126519],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,126510,126511],{"class":902},"filename ",[55,126513,906],{"class":703},[55,126515,793],{"class":109},[55,126517,126518],{"class":129},"report.csv",[55,126520,1052],{"class":109},[55,126522,126523,126525,126527,126530,126532,126535,126537,126539,126542,126544],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,126524,62],{"class":61},[55,126526,66],{"class":65},[55,126528,126529],{"class":318},"filename",[55,126531,29],{"class":65},[55,126533,126534],{"class":318},"endswith",[55,126536,66],{"class":65},[55,126538,126],{"class":109},[55,126540,126541],{"class":129},".csv",[55,126543,126],{"class":109},[55,126545,79],{"class":65},[55,126547,126548,126550,126552,126554,126556,126558,126560,126562,126565,126567],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,126549,62],{"class":61},[55,126551,66],{"class":65},[55,126553,126529],{"class":318},[55,126555,29],{"class":65},[55,126557,126534],{"class":318},[55,126559,66],{"class":65},[55,126561,126],{"class":109},[55,126563,126564],{"class":129},".txt",[55,126566,126],{"class":109},[55,126568,79],{"class":65},[14,126570,281],{},[46,126572,126573],{"className":48,"code":44240,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,126574,126575,126579],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,126576,126577],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,126578,193],{"class":187},[55,126580,126581],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,126582,188],{"class":187},[14,126584,212,126585,5653,126587,25,126589,126591],{},[18,126586,126486],{},[18,126588,24],{},[18,126590,28],{}," based on the ending of a string.",[41,126593,3970,126595,3973],{"id":126594},"what-endswith-does",[18,126596,126486],{},[14,126598,126599,790],{},[18,126600,126486],{},[240,126602,126603,126606,126612,126615],{},[243,126604,126605],{},"Checks whether a string ends with a given suffix",[243,126607,11465,126608,25,126610],{},[18,126609,24],{},[18,126611,28],{},[243,126613,126614],{},"Does not change the original string",[243,126616,126617],{},"Works well with normal text such as file names, URLs, and sentence endings",[14,126619,358],{},[46,126621,126623],{"className":48,"code":126622,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\"world\"))\nprint(text.endswith(\"hello\"))\n",[18,126624,126625,126637,126641,126663],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,126626,126627,126629,126631,126633,126635],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,126628,34746],{"class":902},[55,126630,906],{"class":703},[55,126632,793],{"class":109},[55,126634,60478],{"class":129},[55,126636,1052],{"class":109},[55,126638,126639],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,126640,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,126642,126643,126645,126647,126649,126651,126653,126655,126657,126659,126661],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,126644,62],{"class":61},[55,126646,66],{"class":65},[55,126648,34767],{"class":318},[55,126650,29],{"class":65},[55,126652,126534],{"class":318},[55,126654,66],{"class":65},[55,126656,126],{"class":109},[55,126658,60663],{"class":129},[55,126660,126],{"class":109},[55,126662,79],{"class":65},[55,126664,126665,126667,126669,126671,126673,126675,126677,126679,126681,126683],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,126666,62],{"class":61},[55,126668,66],{"class":65},[55,126670,34767],{"class":318},[55,126672,29],{"class":65},[55,126674,126534],{"class":318},[55,126676,66],{"class":65},[55,126678,126],{"class":109},[55,126680,130],{"class":129},[55,126682,126],{"class":109},[55,126684,79],{"class":65},[14,126686,281],{},[46,126688,126689],{"className":48,"code":44240,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,126690,126691,126695],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,126692,126693],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,126694,193],{"class":187},[55,126696,126697],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,126698,188],{"class":187},[14,126700,126701,126702,29],{},"If you are learning string basics, see ",[294,126703,125183],{"href":51044},[41,126705,2460],{"id":2459},[46,126707,126709],{"className":48,"code":126708,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"string.endswith(suffix, start, end)\n",[18,126710,126711],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,126712,126713,126715,126717,126719,126721,126724,126726,126728,126730,126732],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,126714,61246],{"class":902},[55,126716,29],{"class":65},[55,126718,126534],{"class":318},[55,126720,66],{"class":65},[55,126722,126723],{"class":318},"suffix",[55,126725,163],{"class":65},[55,126727,36112],{"class":318},[55,126729,163],{"class":65},[55,126731,65113],{"class":318},[55,126733,322],{"class":65},[240,126735,126736,126741,126748],{},[243,126737,126738,126740],{},[18,126739,126723],{}," is required",[243,126742,126743,4679,126745,126747],{},[18,126744,36133],{},[18,126746,52730],{}," are optional",[243,126749,126750,4679,126752,126754],{},[18,126751,36133],{},[18,126753,52730],{}," limit which part of the string is checked",[14,126756,126757],{},"Basic example:",[46,126759,126761],{"className":48,"code":126760,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"filename = \"notes.txt\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[18,126762,126763,126775],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,126764,126765,126767,126769,126771,126773],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,126766,126511],{"class":902},[55,126768,906],{"class":703},[55,126770,793],{"class":109},[55,126772,86968],{"class":129},[55,126774,1052],{"class":109},[55,126776,126777,126779,126781,126783,126785,126787,126789,126791,126793,126795],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,126778,62],{"class":61},[55,126780,66],{"class":65},[55,126782,126529],{"class":318},[55,126784,29],{"class":65},[55,126786,126534],{"class":318},[55,126788,66],{"class":65},[55,126790,126],{"class":109},[55,126792,126564],{"class":129},[55,126794,126],{"class":109},[55,126796,79],{"class":65},[14,126798,281],{},[46,126800,126801],{"className":48,"code":193,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,126802,126803],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,126804,126805],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,126806,193],{"class":187},[41,126808,126810],{"id":126809},"arguments-explained","Arguments explained",[889,126812,126813],{"id":126723},[18,126814,126723],{},[14,126816,126817,30806],{},[18,126818,126723],{},[240,126820,126821,126824],{},[243,126822,126823],{},"A single string",[243,126825,126826],{},"A tuple of strings",[14,126828,126829],{},"Single suffix:",[46,126831,126833],{"className":48,"code":126832,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith(\".png\"))\n",[18,126834,126835,126848],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,126836,126837,126839,126841,126843,126846],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,126838,1004],{"class":902},[55,126840,906],{"class":703},[55,126842,793],{"class":109},[55,126844,126845],{"class":129},"image.png",[55,126847,1052],{"class":109},[55,126849,126850,126852,126854,126856,126858,126860,126862,126864,126867,126869],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,126851,62],{"class":61},[55,126853,66],{"class":65},[55,126855,785],{"class":318},[55,126857,29],{"class":65},[55,126859,126534],{"class":318},[55,126861,66],{"class":65},[55,126863,126],{"class":109},[55,126865,126866],{"class":129},".png",[55,126868,126],{"class":109},[55,126870,79],{"class":65},[14,126872,281],{},[46,126874,126875],{"className":48,"code":193,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,126876,126877],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,126878,126879],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,126880,193],{"class":187},[14,126882,126883],{},"Tuple of suffixes:",[46,126885,126887],{"className":48,"code":126886,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[18,126888,126889,126901],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,126890,126891,126893,126895,126897,126899],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,126892,1004],{"class":902},[55,126894,906],{"class":703},[55,126896,793],{"class":109},[55,126898,126845],{"class":129},[55,126900,1052],{"class":109},[55,126902,126903,126905,126907,126909,126911,126913,126915,126917,126920,126922,126924,126926,126928,126930,126932,126934,126937,126939],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,126904,62],{"class":61},[55,126906,66],{"class":65},[55,126908,785],{"class":318},[55,126910,29],{"class":65},[55,126912,126534],{"class":318},[55,126914,760],{"class":65},[55,126916,126],{"class":109},[55,126918,126919],{"class":129},".jpg",[55,126921,126],{"class":109},[55,126923,163],{"class":65},[55,126925,793],{"class":109},[55,126927,126866],{"class":129},[55,126929,126],{"class":109},[55,126931,163],{"class":65},[55,126933,793],{"class":109},[55,126935,126936],{"class":129},".gif",[55,126938,126],{"class":109},[55,126940,769],{"class":65},[14,126942,281],{},[46,126944,126945],{"className":48,"code":193,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,126946,126947],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,126948,126949],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,126950,193],{"class":187},[889,126952,126953],{"id":36133},[18,126954,36133],{},[14,126956,126957,126959],{},[18,126958,36133],{}," tells Python where to begin checking in the string.",[46,126961,126963],{"className":48,"code":126962,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"my_report.csv\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 3))\n",[18,126964,126965,126978],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,126966,126967,126969,126971,126973,126976],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,126968,34746],{"class":902},[55,126970,906],{"class":703},[55,126972,793],{"class":109},[55,126974,126975],{"class":129},"my_report.csv",[55,126977,1052],{"class":109},[55,126979,126980,126982,126984,126986,126988,126990,126992,126994,126996,126998,127000,127002],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,126981,62],{"class":61},[55,126983,66],{"class":65},[55,126985,34767],{"class":318},[55,126987,29],{"class":65},[55,126989,126534],{"class":318},[55,126991,66],{"class":65},[55,126993,126],{"class":109},[55,126995,126541],{"class":129},[55,126997,126],{"class":109},[55,126999,163],{"class":65},[55,127001,171],{"class":75},[55,127003,79],{"class":65},[14,127005,281],{},[46,127007,127008],{"className":48,"code":193,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,127009,127010],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,127011,127012],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,127013,193],{"class":187},[14,127015,127016,127017,127019,127020,29],{},"Python checks the part from index ",[18,127018,2366],{}," onward, which is ",[18,127021,127022],{},"\"report.csv\"",[889,127024,127025],{"id":52730},[18,127026,52730],{},[14,127028,127029,127031],{},[18,127030,52730],{}," tells Python where to stop checking before the end of the full string.",[46,127033,127035],{"className":48,"code":127034,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"report.csv backup\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 0, 10))\n",[18,127036,127037,127050],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,127038,127039,127041,127043,127045,127048],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,127040,34746],{"class":902},[55,127042,906],{"class":703},[55,127044,793],{"class":109},[55,127046,127047],{"class":129},"report.csv backup",[55,127049,1052],{"class":109},[55,127051,127052,127054,127056,127058,127060,127062,127064,127066,127068,127070,127072,127074,127076,127078],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,127053,62],{"class":61},[55,127055,66],{"class":65},[55,127057,34767],{"class":318},[55,127059,29],{"class":65},[55,127061,126534],{"class":318},[55,127063,66],{"class":65},[55,127065,126],{"class":109},[55,127067,126541],{"class":129},[55,127069,126],{"class":109},[55,127071,163],{"class":65},[55,127073,4121],{"class":75},[55,127075,163],{"class":65},[55,127077,6283],{"class":75},[55,127079,79],{"class":65},[14,127081,281],{},[46,127083,127084],{"className":48,"code":193,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,127085,127086],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,127087,127088],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,127089,193],{"class":187},[14,127091,127092,127093,127095],{},"Here, Python only checks ",[18,127094,127022],{}," and ignores the rest.",[41,127097,17468],{"id":17467},[14,127099,127100,25562],{},[18,127101,126486],{},[240,127103,127104,127109],{},[243,127105,127106,127108],{},[18,127107,24],{}," if the string ends with the suffix",[243,127110,127111,127113],{},[18,127112,28],{}," if it does not",[14,127115,127116,127117,256],{},"This makes it very useful inside ",[18,127118,38],{},[46,127120,127122],{"className":48,"code":127121,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"filename = \"data.csv\"\n\nif filename.endswith(\".csv\"):\n    print(\"This is a CSV file.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is not a CSV file.\")\n",[18,127123,127124,127137,127141,127162,127177,127183],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,127125,127126,127128,127130,127132,127135],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,127127,126511],{"class":902},[55,127129,906],{"class":703},[55,127131,793],{"class":109},[55,127133,127134],{"class":129},"data.csv",[55,127136,1052],{"class":109},[55,127138,127139],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,127140,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,127142,127143,127145,127148,127150,127152,127154,127156,127158,127160],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,127144,38],{"class":1193},[55,127146,127147],{"class":902}," filename",[55,127149,29],{"class":65},[55,127151,126534],{"class":318},[55,127153,66],{"class":65},[55,127155,126],{"class":109},[55,127157,126541],{"class":129},[55,127159,126],{"class":109},[55,127161,1480],{"class":65},[55,127163,127164,127166,127168,127170,127173,127175],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,127165,1204],{"class":61},[55,127167,66],{"class":65},[55,127169,126],{"class":109},[55,127171,127172],{"class":129},"This is a CSV file.",[55,127174,126],{"class":109},[55,127176,322],{"class":65},[55,127178,127179,127181],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,127180,27488],{"class":1193},[55,127182,1199],{"class":65},[55,127184,127185,127187,127189,127191,127194,127196],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,127186,1204],{"class":61},[55,127188,66],{"class":65},[55,127190,126],{"class":109},[55,127192,127193],{"class":129},"This is not a CSV file.",[55,127195,126],{"class":109},[55,127197,322],{"class":65},[14,127199,281],{},[46,127201,127203],{"className":48,"code":127202,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"This is a CSV file.\n",[18,127204,127205],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,127206,127207,127209,127211,127213,127216,127218],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,127208,49947],{"class":902},[55,127210,12237],{"class":703},[55,127212,44611],{"class":902},[55,127214,127215],{"class":34511},"CSV",[55,127217,86709],{"class":86708},[55,127219,122460],{"class":65},[41,127221,127223],{"id":127222},"common-beginner-examples","Common beginner examples",[889,127225,127227],{"id":127226},"check-a-file-extension","Check a file extension",[46,127229,127231],{"className":48,"code":127230,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"filename = \"sales.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[18,127232,127233,127246],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,127234,127235,127237,127239,127241,127244],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,127236,126511],{"class":902},[55,127238,906],{"class":703},[55,127240,793],{"class":109},[55,127242,127243],{"class":129},"sales.csv",[55,127245,1052],{"class":109},[55,127247,127248,127250,127252,127254,127256,127258,127260,127262,127264,127266],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,127249,62],{"class":61},[55,127251,66],{"class":65},[55,127253,126529],{"class":318},[55,127255,29],{"class":65},[55,127257,126534],{"class":318},[55,127259,66],{"class":65},[55,127261,126],{"class":109},[55,127263,126541],{"class":129},[55,127265,126],{"class":109},[55,127267,79],{"class":65},[14,127269,281],{},[46,127271,127272],{"className":48,"code":193,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,127273,127274],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,127275,127276],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,127277,193],{"class":187},[889,127279,127281],{"id":127280},"check-whether-a-url-ends-with-a-slash","Check whether a URL ends with a slash",[46,127283,127285],{"className":48,"code":127284,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F\"\nprint(url.endswith(\"\u002F\"))\n",[18,127286,127287,127301],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,127288,127289,127292,127294,127296,127299],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,127290,127291],{"class":902},"url ",[55,127293,906],{"class":703},[55,127295,793],{"class":109},[55,127297,127298],{"class":129},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F",[55,127300,1052],{"class":109},[55,127302,127303,127305,127307,127310,127312,127314,127316,127318,127321,127323],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,127304,62],{"class":61},[55,127306,66],{"class":65},[55,127308,127309],{"class":318},"url",[55,127311,29],{"class":65},[55,127313,126534],{"class":318},[55,127315,66],{"class":65},[55,127317,126],{"class":109},[55,127319,127320],{"class":129},"\u002F",[55,127322,126],{"class":109},[55,127324,79],{"class":65},[14,127326,281],{},[46,127328,127329],{"className":48,"code":193,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,127330,127331],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,127332,127333],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,127334,193],{"class":187},[889,127336,127338],{"id":127337},"check-whether-user-input-ends-with-punctuation","Check whether user input ends with punctuation",[46,127340,127342],{"className":48,"code":127341,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"message = \"Hello!\"\nprint(message.endswith(\"!\"))\n",[18,127343,127344,127357],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,127345,127346,127348,127350,127352,127355],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,127347,90080],{"class":902},[55,127349,906],{"class":703},[55,127351,793],{"class":109},[55,127353,127354],{"class":129},"Hello!",[55,127356,1052],{"class":109},[55,127358,127359,127361,127363,127365,127367,127369,127371,127373,127375,127377],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,127360,62],{"class":61},[55,127362,66],{"class":65},[55,127364,90097],{"class":318},[55,127366,29],{"class":65},[55,127368,126534],{"class":318},[55,127370,66],{"class":65},[55,127372,126],{"class":109},[55,127374,89921],{"class":129},[55,127376,126],{"class":109},[55,127378,79],{"class":65},[14,127380,281],{},[46,127382,127383],{"className":48,"code":193,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,127384,127385],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,127386,127387],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,127388,193],{"class":187},[889,127390,127392],{"id":127391},"check-multiple-allowed-endings","Check multiple allowed endings",[46,127394,127396],{"className":48,"code":127395,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[18,127397,127398,127411],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,127399,127400,127402,127404,127406,127409],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,127401,126511],{"class":902},[55,127403,906],{"class":703},[55,127405,793],{"class":109},[55,127407,127408],{"class":129},"photo.jpg",[55,127410,1052],{"class":109},[55,127412,127413,127415,127417,127419,127421,127423,127425,127427,127429,127431,127433,127435,127437,127439,127441,127443,127445,127447],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,127414,62],{"class":61},[55,127416,66],{"class":65},[55,127418,126529],{"class":318},[55,127420,29],{"class":65},[55,127422,126534],{"class":318},[55,127424,760],{"class":65},[55,127426,126],{"class":109},[55,127428,126919],{"class":129},[55,127430,126],{"class":109},[55,127432,163],{"class":65},[55,127434,793],{"class":109},[55,127436,126866],{"class":129},[55,127438,126],{"class":109},[55,127440,163],{"class":65},[55,127442,793],{"class":109},[55,127444,126936],{"class":129},[55,127446,126],{"class":109},[55,127448,769],{"class":65},[14,127450,281],{},[46,127452,127453],{"className":48,"code":193,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,127454,127455],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,127456,127457],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,127458,193],{"class":187},[14,127460,127461,127462,29],{},"If you need to check whether text appears anywhere in a string, not just at the end, see ",[294,127463,127464],{"href":123683},"how to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[41,127466,124075],{"id":124074},[14,127468,127469,123886],{},[18,127470,126486],{},[14,127472,127473,127474,4679,127477,127480],{},"That means ",[18,127475,127476],{},"\".CSV\"",[18,127478,127479],{},"\".csv\""," are different.",[46,127482,127484],{"className":48,"code":127483,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\n\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".CSV\"))\n",[18,127485,127486,127499,127503,127525],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,127487,127488,127490,127492,127494,127497],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,127489,126511],{"class":902},[55,127491,906],{"class":703},[55,127493,793],{"class":109},[55,127495,127496],{"class":129},"REPORT.CSV",[55,127498,1052],{"class":109},[55,127500,127501],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,127502,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,127504,127505,127507,127509,127511,127513,127515,127517,127519,127521,127523],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,127506,62],{"class":61},[55,127508,66],{"class":65},[55,127510,126529],{"class":318},[55,127512,29],{"class":65},[55,127514,126534],{"class":318},[55,127516,66],{"class":65},[55,127518,126],{"class":109},[55,127520,126541],{"class":129},[55,127522,126],{"class":109},[55,127524,79],{"class":65},[55,127526,127527,127529,127531,127533,127535,127537,127539,127541,127544,127546],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,127528,62],{"class":61},[55,127530,66],{"class":65},[55,127532,126529],{"class":318},[55,127534,29],{"class":65},[55,127536,126534],{"class":318},[55,127538,66],{"class":65},[55,127540,126],{"class":109},[55,127542,127543],{"class":129},".CSV",[55,127545,126],{"class":109},[55,127547,79],{"class":65},[14,127549,281],{},[46,127551,127553],{"className":48,"code":127552,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"False\nTrue\n",[18,127554,127555,127559],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,127556,127557],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,127558,188],{"class":187},[55,127560,127561],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,127562,193],{"class":187},[14,127564,127565,127566,29],{},"If you want a case-insensitive check, convert the string first with ",[294,127567,127568],{"href":124155},[18,127569,124158],{},[46,127571,127573],{"className":48,"code":127572,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.lower().endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[18,127574,127575,127587],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,127576,127577,127579,127581,127583,127585],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,127578,126511],{"class":902},[55,127580,906],{"class":703},[55,127582,793],{"class":109},[55,127584,127496],{"class":129},[55,127586,1052],{"class":109},[55,127588,127589,127591,127593,127595,127597,127599,127601,127603,127605,127607,127609,127611],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,127590,62],{"class":61},[55,127592,66],{"class":65},[55,127594,126529],{"class":318},[55,127596,29],{"class":65},[55,127598,1786],{"class":318},[55,127600,1783],{"class":65},[55,127602,126534],{"class":318},[55,127604,66],{"class":65},[55,127606,126],{"class":109},[55,127608,126541],{"class":129},[55,127610,126],{"class":109},[55,127612,79],{"class":65},[14,127614,281],{},[46,127616,127617],{"className":48,"code":193,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,127618,127619],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,127620,127621],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,127622,193],{"class":187},[41,127624,127626],{"id":127625},"using-multiple-suffixes","Using multiple suffixes",[14,127628,127629],{},"You can pass a tuple of suffixes to check several endings at once.",[46,127631,127633],{"className":48,"code":127632,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"filename = \"picture.gif\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[18,127634,127635,127648],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,127636,127637,127639,127641,127643,127646],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,127638,126511],{"class":902},[55,127640,906],{"class":703},[55,127642,793],{"class":109},[55,127644,127645],{"class":129},"picture.gif",[55,127647,1052],{"class":109},[55,127649,127650,127652,127654,127656,127658,127660,127662,127664,127666,127668,127670,127672,127674,127676,127678,127680,127682,127684],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,127651,62],{"class":61},[55,127653,66],{"class":65},[55,127655,126529],{"class":318},[55,127657,29],{"class":65},[55,127659,126534],{"class":318},[55,127661,760],{"class":65},[55,127663,126],{"class":109},[55,127665,126919],{"class":129},[55,127667,126],{"class":109},[55,127669,163],{"class":65},[55,127671,793],{"class":109},[55,127673,126866],{"class":129},[55,127675,126],{"class":109},[55,127677,163],{"class":65},[55,127679,793],{"class":109},[55,127681,126936],{"class":129},[55,127683,126],{"class":109},[55,127685,769],{"class":65},[14,127687,281],{},[46,127689,127690],{"className":48,"code":193,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,127691,127692],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,127693,127694],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,127695,193],{"class":187},[14,127697,127698],{},"This is helpful when you want to allow several file types.",[14,127700,52149],{},[46,127702,127704],{"className":48,"code":127703,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"document = \"notes.txt\"\nallowed = (\".txt\", \".md\", \".docx\")\n\nprint(document.endswith(allowed))\n",[18,127705,127706,127719,127754,127758],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,127707,127708,127711,127713,127715,127717],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,127709,127710],{"class":902},"document ",[55,127712,906],{"class":703},[55,127714,793],{"class":109},[55,127716,86968],{"class":129},[55,127718,1052],{"class":109},[55,127720,127721,127724,127726,127728,127730,127732,127734,127736,127738,127741,127743,127745,127747,127750,127752],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,127722,127723],{"class":902},"allowed ",[55,127725,906],{"class":703},[55,127727,9273],{"class":65},[55,127729,126],{"class":109},[55,127731,126564],{"class":129},[55,127733,126],{"class":109},[55,127735,163],{"class":65},[55,127737,793],{"class":109},[55,127739,127740],{"class":129},".md",[55,127742,126],{"class":109},[55,127744,163],{"class":65},[55,127746,793],{"class":109},[55,127748,127749],{"class":129},".docx",[55,127751,126],{"class":109},[55,127753,322],{"class":65},[55,127755,127756],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,127757,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,127759,127760,127762,127764,127767,127769,127771,127773,127776],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,127761,62],{"class":61},[55,127763,66],{"class":65},[55,127765,127766],{"class":318},"document",[55,127768,29],{"class":65},[55,127770,126534],{"class":318},[55,127772,66],{"class":65},[55,127774,127775],{"class":318},"allowed",[55,127777,79],{"class":65},[14,127779,281],{},[46,127781,127782],{"className":48,"code":193,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,127783,127784],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,127785,127786],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,127787,193],{"class":187},[14,127789,127790,127791,29],{},"If you want the opposite check at the beginning of a string, see ",[294,127792,126428,127794,10780],{"href":127793},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method\u002F",[18,127795,127796],{},"startswith()",[41,127798,1586],{"id":1585},[14,127800,1589,127801,29],{},[18,127802,126486],{},[889,127804,127806],{"id":127805},"using-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Using a list instead of a tuple",[14,127808,4810],{},[46,127810,127812],{"className":48,"code":127811,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\n# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[18,127813,127814,127826],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,127815,127816,127818,127820,127822,127824],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,127817,126511],{"class":902},[55,127819,906],{"class":703},[55,127821,793],{"class":109},[55,127823,127408],{"class":129},[55,127825,1052],{"class":109},[55,127827,127828],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,127829,127830],{"class":3956},"# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[14,127832,127833],{},"Use a tuple instead:",[46,127835,127837],{"className":48,"code":127836,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\")))\n",[18,127838,127839,127851],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,127840,127841,127843,127845,127847,127849],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,127842,126511],{"class":902},[55,127844,906],{"class":703},[55,127846,793],{"class":109},[55,127848,127408],{"class":129},[55,127850,1052],{"class":109},[55,127852,127853,127855,127857,127859,127861,127863,127865,127867,127869,127871,127873,127875,127877,127879],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,127854,62],{"class":61},[55,127856,66],{"class":65},[55,127858,126529],{"class":318},[55,127860,29],{"class":65},[55,127862,126534],{"class":318},[55,127864,760],{"class":65},[55,127866,126],{"class":109},[55,127868,126919],{"class":129},[55,127870,126],{"class":109},[55,127872,163],{"class":65},[55,127874,793],{"class":109},[55,127876,126866],{"class":129},[55,127878,126],{"class":109},[55,127880,769],{"class":65},[889,127882,127884],{"id":127883},"forgetting-that-the-check-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that the check is case-sensitive",[46,127886,127888],{"className":48,"code":127887,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[18,127889,127890,127902],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,127891,127892,127894,127896,127898,127900],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,127893,126511],{"class":902},[55,127895,906],{"class":703},[55,127897,793],{"class":109},[55,127899,127496],{"class":129},[55,127901,1052],{"class":109},[55,127903,127904,127906,127908,127910,127912,127914,127916,127918,127920,127922],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,127905,62],{"class":61},[55,127907,66],{"class":65},[55,127909,126529],{"class":318},[55,127911,29],{"class":65},[55,127913,126534],{"class":318},[55,127915,66],{"class":65},[55,127917,126],{"class":109},[55,127919,126541],{"class":129},[55,127921,126],{"class":109},[55,127923,79],{"class":65},[14,127925,281],{},[46,127927,127928],{"className":48,"code":188,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,127929,127930],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,127931,127932],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,127933,188],{"class":187},[14,127935,39325],{},[46,127937,127938],{"className":48,"code":127572,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,127939,127940,127952],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,127941,127942,127944,127946,127948,127950],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,127943,126511],{"class":902},[55,127945,906],{"class":703},[55,127947,793],{"class":109},[55,127949,127496],{"class":129},[55,127951,1052],{"class":109},[55,127953,127954,127956,127958,127960,127962,127964,127966,127968,127970,127972,127974,127976],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,127955,62],{"class":61},[55,127957,66],{"class":65},[55,127959,126529],{"class":318},[55,127961,29],{"class":65},[55,127963,1786],{"class":318},[55,127965,1783],{"class":65},[55,127967,126534],{"class":318},[55,127969,66],{"class":65},[55,127971,126],{"class":109},[55,127973,126541],{"class":129},[55,127975,126],{"class":109},[55,127977,79],{"class":65},[889,127979,37266,127981,1851,127983],{"id":127980},"confusing-endswith-with-in",[18,127982,126486],{},[18,127984,4168],{},[14,127986,127987,127989],{},[18,127988,126486],{}," checks only the end of the string.",[46,127991,127993],{"className":48,"code":127992,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"my_report.csv.backup\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(\".csv\" in text)\n",[18,127994,127995,128008,128012,128034],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,127996,127997,127999,128001,128003,128006],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,127998,34746],{"class":902},[55,128000,906],{"class":703},[55,128002,793],{"class":109},[55,128004,128005],{"class":129},"my_report.csv.backup",[55,128007,1052],{"class":109},[55,128009,128010],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,128011,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,128013,128014,128016,128018,128020,128022,128024,128026,128028,128030,128032],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,128015,62],{"class":61},[55,128017,66],{"class":65},[55,128019,34767],{"class":318},[55,128021,29],{"class":65},[55,128023,126534],{"class":318},[55,128025,66],{"class":65},[55,128027,126],{"class":109},[55,128029,126541],{"class":129},[55,128031,126],{"class":109},[55,128033,79],{"class":65},[55,128035,128036,128038,128040,128042,128044,128046,128048,128050],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,128037,62],{"class":61},[55,128039,66],{"class":65},[55,128041,126],{"class":109},[55,128043,126541],{"class":129},[55,128045,126],{"class":109},[55,128047,21225],{"class":1193},[55,128049,42907],{"class":318},[55,128051,322],{"class":65},[14,128053,281],{},[46,128055,128056],{"className":48,"code":127552,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,128057,128058,128062],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,128059,128060],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,128061,188],{"class":187},[55,128063,128064],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,128065,193],{"class":187},[889,128067,1595,128069,128071],{"id":128068},"expecting-endswith-to-remove-the-suffix",[18,128070,126486],{}," to remove the suffix",[14,128073,128074,128076],{},[18,128075,126486],{}," only checks. It does not edit the string.",[46,128078,128080],{"className":48,"code":128079,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename)\n",[18,128081,128082,128094,128116],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,128083,128084,128086,128088,128090,128092],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,128085,126511],{"class":902},[55,128087,906],{"class":703},[55,128089,793],{"class":109},[55,128091,126518],{"class":129},[55,128093,1052],{"class":109},[55,128095,128096,128098,128100,128102,128104,128106,128108,128110,128112,128114],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,128097,62],{"class":61},[55,128099,66],{"class":65},[55,128101,126529],{"class":318},[55,128103,29],{"class":65},[55,128105,126534],{"class":318},[55,128107,66],{"class":65},[55,128109,126],{"class":109},[55,128111,126541],{"class":129},[55,128113,126],{"class":109},[55,128115,79],{"class":65},[55,128117,128118,128120,128122,128124],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,128119,62],{"class":61},[55,128121,66],{"class":65},[55,128123,126529],{"class":318},[55,128125,322],{"class":65},[14,128127,281],{},[46,128129,128131],{"className":48,"code":128130,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"True\nreport.csv\n",[18,128132,128133,128137],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,128134,128135],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,128136,193],{"class":187},[55,128138,128139,128142,128144],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,128140,128141],{"class":902},"report",[55,128143,29],{"class":65},[55,128145,128146],{"class":24803},"csv\n",[14,128148,128149,128150,29],{},"If you need to change text, see ",[294,128151,128152],{"href":124596},"how to replace text in a string in Python",[14,128154,66136],{},[240,128156,128157,128160,128163,128166],{},[243,128158,128159],{},"Passing the wrong suffix because of uppercase vs lowercase text",[243,128161,128162],{},"Using a list instead of a tuple for multiple endings",[243,128164,128165],{},"Checking the full string when only part of the string should be checked",[243,128167,1556,128168,44696,128170,25,128172,111625],{},[18,128169,126486],{},[18,128171,124599],{},[18,128173,41718],{},[14,128175,30191],{},[46,128177,128179],{"className":48,"code":128178,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.endswith('.csv'))\nprint(text.lower().endswith('.csv'))\nprint(type(text))\n",[18,128180,128181,128191,128205,128227,128253],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,128182,128183,128185,128187,128189],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,128184,62],{"class":61},[55,128186,66],{"class":65},[55,128188,34767],{"class":318},[55,128190,322],{"class":65},[55,128192,128193,128195,128197,128199,128201,128203],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,128194,62],{"class":61},[55,128196,66],{"class":65},[55,128198,41844],{"class":61},[55,128200,66],{"class":65},[55,128202,34767],{"class":318},[55,128204,79],{"class":65},[55,128206,128207,128209,128211,128213,128215,128217,128219,128221,128223,128225],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,128208,62],{"class":61},[55,128210,66],{"class":65},[55,128212,34767],{"class":318},[55,128214,29],{"class":65},[55,128216,126534],{"class":318},[55,128218,66],{"class":65},[55,128220,1923],{"class":109},[55,128222,126541],{"class":129},[55,128224,1923],{"class":109},[55,128226,79],{"class":65},[55,128228,128229,128231,128233,128235,128237,128239,128241,128243,128245,128247,128249,128251],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,128230,62],{"class":61},[55,128232,66],{"class":65},[55,128234,34767],{"class":318},[55,128236,29],{"class":65},[55,128238,1786],{"class":318},[55,128240,1783],{"class":65},[55,128242,126534],{"class":318},[55,128244,66],{"class":65},[55,128246,1923],{"class":109},[55,128248,126541],{"class":129},[55,128250,1923],{"class":109},[55,128252,79],{"class":65},[55,128254,128255,128257,128259,128261,128263,128265],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,128256,62],{"class":61},[55,128258,66],{"class":65},[55,128260,1879],{"class":69},[55,128262,66],{"class":65},[55,128264,34767],{"class":318},[55,128266,79],{"class":65},[41,128268,2139],{"id":2138},[889,128270,12748,128272,128274],{"id":128271},"does-endswith-change-the-string",[18,128273,126486],{}," change the string?",[14,128276,128277,128278,25,128280,29],{},"No. It only checks the ending and returns ",[18,128279,24],{},[18,128281,28],{},[889,128283,5456,128285,128287],{"id":128284},"can-endswith-check-more-than-one-ending",[18,128286,126486],{}," check more than one ending?",[14,128289,128290,128291,29],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of suffixes, such as ",[18,128292,128293],{},"(\".jpg\", \".png\")",[889,128295,14950,128297,124764],{"id":128296},"is-endswith-case-sensitive",[18,128298,126486],{},[14,128300,128301,128302,25,128304,128307],{},"Yes. Use ",[18,128303,124158],{},[18,128305,128306],{},"upper()"," first if you want a case-insensitive check.",[889,128309,5466,128311,4679,128313,2794],{"id":128310},"what-is-the-difference-between-endswith-and-find",[18,128312,126486],{},[18,128314,124423],{},[14,128316,128317,128319,128320,128322],{},[18,128318,126486],{}," only checks the end of the string. ",[18,128321,124423],{}," searches for text anywhere in the string.",[41,128324,2193],{"id":2192},[240,128326,128327,128333,128339,128343,128347],{},[243,128328,128329],{},[294,128330,126428,128331,10780],{"href":127793},[18,128332,127796],{},[243,128334,128335],{},[294,128336,126428,128337,10780],{"href":124155},[18,128338,124158],{},[243,128340,128341],{},[294,128342,124827],{"href":123683},[243,128344,128345],{},[294,128346,124834],{"href":124596},[243,128348,128349],{},[294,128350,125183],{"href":51044},[2226,128352,128353],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":128355},[128356,128357,128359,128360,128365,128366,128372,128373,128374,128382,128392],{"id":2307,"depth":82,"text":2308},{"id":126594,"depth":82,"text":128358},"What endswith() does",{"id":2459,"depth":82,"text":2460},{"id":126809,"depth":82,"text":126810,"children":128361},[128362,128363,128364],{"id":126723,"depth":98,"text":126723},{"id":36133,"depth":98,"text":36133},{"id":52730,"depth":98,"text":52730},{"id":17467,"depth":82,"text":17468},{"id":127222,"depth":82,"text":127223,"children":128367},[128368,128369,128370,128371],{"id":127226,"depth":98,"text":127227},{"id":127280,"depth":98,"text":127281},{"id":127337,"depth":98,"text":127338},{"id":127391,"depth":98,"text":127392},{"id":124074,"depth":82,"text":124075},{"id":127625,"depth":82,"text":127626},{"id":1585,"depth":82,"text":1586,"children":128375},[128376,128377,128378,128380],{"id":127805,"depth":98,"text":127806},{"id":127883,"depth":98,"text":127884},{"id":127980,"depth":98,"text":128379},"Confusing endswith() with in",{"id":128068,"depth":98,"text":128381},"Expecting endswith() to remove the suffix",{"id":2138,"depth":82,"text":2139,"children":128383},[128384,128386,128388,128390],{"id":128271,"depth":98,"text":128385},"Does endswith() change the string?",{"id":128284,"depth":98,"text":128387},"Can endswith() check more than one ending?",{"id":128296,"depth":98,"text":128389},"Is endswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":128310,"depth":98,"text":128391},"What is the difference between endswith() and find()?",{"id":2192,"depth":82,"text":2193},"Master python string endswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method",{"title":126478,"description":128393},"reference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method","jmT6sZS8GCE7qxlLXjoIsllvV_eO0eIaQJVm97pUvDY",{"id":128400,"title":128401,"body":128402,"description":130070,"extension":2267,"meta":130071,"navigation":1121,"path":130072,"seo":130073,"stem":130074,"__hash__":130075},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method.md","Python String find() Method",{"type":7,"value":128403,"toc":130043},[128404,128409,128414,128419,128424,128517,128527,128532,128537,128552,128554,128636,128644,128646,128648,128675,128677,128693,128700,128702,128810,128812,128817,128833,128835,128930,128938,128941,128947,128952,128957,128964,129103,129106,129119,129121,129125,129132,129202,129205,129254,129261,129268,129282,129287,129292,129338,129384,129400,129402,129407,129421,129424,129546,129551,129553,129558,129591,129594,129670,129672,129681,129695,129698,129782,129785,129896,129899,129927,129929,129936,129940,129946,129949,129955,129958,129965,129976,129982,129989,129991,130040],[10,128405,123428,128407,11363],{"id":128406},"python-string-find-method",[18,128408,124423],{},[14,128410,123433,128411,128413],{},[18,128412,124423],{}," method searches for a substring inside a string.",[14,128415,128416,128417,29],{},"It returns the index of the first match. If the text is not found, it returns ",[18,128418,65927],{},[14,128420,212,128421,128423],{},[18,128422,124423],{}," when you want the position of some text and it is normal for that text to be missing.",[46,128425,128427],{"className":48,"code":128426,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.find(\"world\")\nprint(position)   # 6\n\nmissing = text.find(\"python\")\nprint(missing)    # -1\n",[18,128428,128429,128441,128464,128477,128481,128504],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,128430,128431,128433,128435,128437,128439],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,128432,34746],{"class":902},[55,128434,906],{"class":703},[55,128436,793],{"class":109},[55,128438,60478],{"class":129},[55,128440,1052],{"class":109},[55,128442,128443,128445,128447,128449,128451,128454,128456,128458,128460,128462],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,128444,64992],{"class":902},[55,128446,906],{"class":703},[55,128448,42907],{"class":902},[55,128450,29],{"class":65},[55,128452,128453],{"class":318},"find",[55,128455,66],{"class":65},[55,128457,126],{"class":109},[55,128459,60663],{"class":129},[55,128461,126],{"class":109},[55,128463,322],{"class":65},[55,128465,128466,128468,128470,128472,128474],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,128467,62],{"class":61},[55,128469,66],{"class":65},[55,128471,65019],{"class":318},[55,128473,3953],{"class":65},[55,128475,128476],{"class":3956},"   # 6\n",[55,128478,128479],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,128480,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,128482,128483,128486,128488,128490,128492,128494,128496,128498,128500,128502],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,128484,128485],{"class":902},"missing ",[55,128487,906],{"class":703},[55,128489,42907],{"class":902},[55,128491,29],{"class":65},[55,128493,128453],{"class":318},[55,128495,66],{"class":65},[55,128497,126],{"class":109},[55,128499,50],{"class":129},[55,128501,126],{"class":109},[55,128503,322],{"class":65},[55,128505,128506,128508,128510,128512,128514],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,128507,62],{"class":61},[55,128509,66],{"class":65},[55,128511,26827],{"class":318},[55,128513,3953],{"class":65},[55,128515,128516],{"class":3956},"    # -1\n",[43646,128518,128519],{},[14,128520,212,128521,128523,128524,128526],{},[18,128522,124423],{}," when you want the position of a substring. It returns ",[18,128525,65927],{}," if the substring is not found.",[41,128528,3970,128530,3973],{"id":128529},"what-find-does",[18,128531,124423],{},[14,128533,128534,128536],{},[18,128535,124423],{}," is a string method that:",[240,128538,128539,128542,128545,128550],{},[243,128540,128541],{},"Searches a string for a substring",[243,128543,128544],{},"Returns the index of the first match",[243,128546,11465,128547,128549],{},[18,128548,65927],{}," if no match is found",[243,128551,126614],{},[14,128553,358],{},[46,128555,128557],{"className":48,"code":128556,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"na\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))    # -1\nprint(text)              # banana\n",[18,128558,128559,128571,128575,128599,128623],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,128560,128561,128563,128565,128567,128569],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,128562,34746],{"class":902},[55,128564,906],{"class":703},[55,128566,793],{"class":109},[55,128568,4373],{"class":129},[55,128570,1052],{"class":109},[55,128572,128573],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,128574,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,128576,128577,128579,128581,128583,128585,128587,128589,128591,128593,128595,128597],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,128578,62],{"class":61},[55,128580,66],{"class":65},[55,128582,34767],{"class":318},[55,128584,29],{"class":65},[55,128586,128453],{"class":318},[55,128588,66],{"class":65},[55,128590,126],{"class":109},[55,128592,123521],{"class":129},[55,128594,126],{"class":109},[55,128596,5645],{"class":65},[55,128598,57716],{"class":3956},[55,128600,128601,128603,128605,128607,128609,128611,128613,128615,128617,128619,128621],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,128602,62],{"class":61},[55,128604,66],{"class":65},[55,128606,34767],{"class":318},[55,128608,29],{"class":65},[55,128610,128453],{"class":318},[55,128612,66],{"class":65},[55,128614,126],{"class":109},[55,128616,2477],{"class":129},[55,128618,126],{"class":109},[55,128620,5645],{"class":65},[55,128622,128516],{"class":3956},[55,128624,128625,128627,128629,128631,128633],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,128626,62],{"class":61},[55,128628,66],{"class":65},[55,128630,34767],{"class":318},[55,128632,3953],{"class":65},[55,128634,128635],{"class":3956},"              # banana\n",[14,128637,20822,128638,128641,128642,29],{},[18,128639,128640],{},"\"na\""," first appears at index ",[18,128643,707],{},[41,128645,2460],{"id":2459},[14,128647,2463],{},[46,128649,128651],{"className":48,"code":128650,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"string.find(value, start, end)\n",[18,128652,128653],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,128654,128655,128657,128659,128661,128663,128665,128667,128669,128671,128673],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,128656,61246],{"class":902},[55,128658,29],{"class":65},[55,128660,128453],{"class":318},[55,128662,66],{"class":65},[55,128664,319],{"class":318},[55,128666,163],{"class":65},[55,128668,36112],{"class":318},[55,128670,163],{"class":65},[55,128672,65113],{"class":318},[55,128674,322],{"class":65},[889,128676,17444],{"id":17443},[240,128678,128679,128683,128688],{},[243,128680,128681,123620],{},[18,128682,319],{},[243,128684,128685,128687],{},[18,128686,36133],{},": optional starting position",[243,128689,128690,128692],{},[18,128691,52730],{},": optional ending position",[14,128694,128695,4679,128697,128699],{},[18,128696,36133],{},[18,128698,52730],{}," let you search only part of the string.",[14,128701,126757],{},[46,128703,128705],{"className":48,"code":128704,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"o\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5))     # 7\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5, 7))  # -1\n",[18,128706,128707,128719,128723,128748,128777],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,128708,128709,128711,128713,128715,128717],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,128710,34746],{"class":902},[55,128712,906],{"class":703},[55,128714,793],{"class":109},[55,128716,60478],{"class":129},[55,128718,1052],{"class":109},[55,128720,128721],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,128722,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,128724,128725,128727,128729,128731,128733,128735,128737,128739,128741,128743,128745],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,128726,62],{"class":61},[55,128728,66],{"class":65},[55,128730,34767],{"class":318},[55,128732,29],{"class":65},[55,128734,128453],{"class":318},[55,128736,66],{"class":65},[55,128738,126],{"class":109},[55,128740,60545],{"class":129},[55,128742,126],{"class":109},[55,128744,5645],{"class":65},[55,128746,128747],{"class":3956},"        # 4\n",[55,128749,128750,128752,128754,128756,128758,128760,128762,128764,128766,128768,128770,128772,128774],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,128751,62],{"class":61},[55,128753,66],{"class":65},[55,128755,34767],{"class":318},[55,128757,29],{"class":65},[55,128759,128453],{"class":318},[55,128761,66],{"class":65},[55,128763,126],{"class":109},[55,128765,60545],{"class":129},[55,128767,126],{"class":109},[55,128769,163],{"class":65},[55,128771,4890],{"class":75},[55,128773,5645],{"class":65},[55,128775,128776],{"class":3956},"     # 7\n",[55,128778,128779,128781,128783,128785,128787,128789,128791,128793,128795,128797,128799,128801,128803,128805,128807],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,128780,62],{"class":61},[55,128782,66],{"class":65},[55,128784,34767],{"class":318},[55,128786,29],{"class":65},[55,128788,128453],{"class":318},[55,128790,66],{"class":65},[55,128792,126],{"class":109},[55,128794,60545],{"class":129},[55,128796,126],{"class":109},[55,128798,163],{"class":65},[55,128800,4890],{"class":75},[55,128802,163],{"class":65},[55,128804,6272],{"class":75},[55,128806,5645],{"class":65},[55,128808,128809],{"class":3956},"  # -1\n",[41,128811,38083],{"id":38082},[14,128813,57615,128814,128816],{},[18,128815,124423],{}," is always an integer.",[240,128818,128819,128825,128828],{},[243,128820,128821,128822,128824],{},"A number ",[18,128823,76],{}," or greater means the substring was found",[243,128826,128827],{},"The number is the starting position of the match",[243,128829,128830,128832],{},[18,128831,65927],{}," means the substring was not found",[14,128834,358],{},[46,128836,128838],{"className":48,"code":128837,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"python\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"py\"))   # 0\nprint(text.find(\"th\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))    # -1\n",[18,128839,128840,128852,128856,128881,128906],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,128841,128842,128844,128846,128848,128850],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,128843,34746],{"class":902},[55,128845,906],{"class":703},[55,128847,793],{"class":109},[55,128849,50],{"class":129},[55,128851,1052],{"class":109},[55,128853,128854],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,128855,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,128857,128858,128860,128862,128864,128866,128868,128870,128872,128875,128877,128879],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,128859,62],{"class":61},[55,128861,66],{"class":65},[55,128863,34767],{"class":318},[55,128865,29],{"class":65},[55,128867,128453],{"class":318},[55,128869,66],{"class":65},[55,128871,126],{"class":109},[55,128873,128874],{"class":129},"py",[55,128876,126],{"class":109},[55,128878,5645],{"class":65},[55,128880,20819],{"class":3956},[55,128882,128883,128885,128887,128889,128891,128893,128895,128897,128900,128902,128904],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,128884,62],{"class":61},[55,128886,66],{"class":65},[55,128888,34767],{"class":318},[55,128890,29],{"class":65},[55,128892,128453],{"class":318},[55,128894,66],{"class":65},[55,128896,126],{"class":109},[55,128898,128899],{"class":129},"th",[55,128901,126],{"class":109},[55,128903,5645],{"class":65},[55,128905,57716],{"class":3956},[55,128907,128908,128910,128912,128914,128916,128918,128920,128922,128924,128926,128928],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,128909,62],{"class":61},[55,128911,66],{"class":65},[55,128913,34767],{"class":318},[55,128915,29],{"class":65},[55,128917,128453],{"class":318},[55,128919,66],{"class":65},[55,128921,126],{"class":109},[55,128923,22129],{"class":129},[55,128925,126],{"class":109},[55,128927,5645],{"class":65},[55,128929,128516],{"class":3956},[14,128931,89983,128932,1598,128934,25,128936,29],{},[18,128933,124423],{},[18,128935,24],{},[18,128937,28],{},[14,128939,128940],{},"It does not return a Boolean value. It returns the position of the match.",[41,128942,1556,128943,4679,128945],{"id":65479},[18,128944,36133],{},[18,128946,52730],{},[14,128948,212,128949,128951],{},[18,128950,36133],{}," to skip the earlier part of a string.",[14,128953,212,128954,128956],{},[18,128955,52730],{}," to stop searching before a certain position.",[14,128958,16,128959,75535,128961,128963],{},[18,128960,52730],{},[435,128962,65142],{}," in the search.",[46,128965,128967],{"className":48,"code":128966,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"one two three two\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"two\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 5))     # 14\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 7))  # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 4))  # -1\n",[18,128968,128969,128982,128986,129010,129039,129071],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,128970,128971,128973,128975,128977,128980],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,128972,34746],{"class":902},[55,128974,906],{"class":703},[55,128976,793],{"class":109},[55,128978,128979],{"class":129},"one two three two",[55,128981,1052],{"class":109},[55,128983,128984],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,128985,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,128987,128988,128990,128992,128994,128996,128998,129000,129002,129004,129006,129008],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,128989,62],{"class":61},[55,128991,66],{"class":65},[55,128993,34767],{"class":318},[55,128995,29],{"class":65},[55,128997,128453],{"class":318},[55,128999,66],{"class":65},[55,129001,126],{"class":109},[55,129003,79344],{"class":129},[55,129005,126],{"class":109},[55,129007,5645],{"class":65},[55,129009,128747],{"class":3956},[55,129011,129012,129014,129016,129018,129020,129022,129024,129026,129028,129030,129032,129034,129036],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,129013,62],{"class":61},[55,129015,66],{"class":65},[55,129017,34767],{"class":318},[55,129019,29],{"class":65},[55,129021,128453],{"class":318},[55,129023,66],{"class":65},[55,129025,126],{"class":109},[55,129027,79344],{"class":129},[55,129029,126],{"class":109},[55,129031,163],{"class":65},[55,129033,4890],{"class":75},[55,129035,5645],{"class":65},[55,129037,129038],{"class":3956},"     # 14\n",[55,129040,129041,129043,129045,129047,129049,129051,129053,129055,129057,129059,129061,129063,129065,129067,129069],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,129042,62],{"class":61},[55,129044,66],{"class":65},[55,129046,34767],{"class":318},[55,129048,29],{"class":65},[55,129050,128453],{"class":318},[55,129052,66],{"class":65},[55,129054,126],{"class":109},[55,129056,79344],{"class":129},[55,129058,126],{"class":109},[55,129060,163],{"class":65},[55,129062,4121],{"class":75},[55,129064,163],{"class":65},[55,129066,6272],{"class":75},[55,129068,5645],{"class":65},[55,129070,51004],{"class":3956},[55,129072,129073,129075,129077,129079,129081,129083,129085,129087,129089,129091,129093,129095,129097,129099,129101],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,129074,62],{"class":61},[55,129076,66],{"class":65},[55,129078,34767],{"class":318},[55,129080,29],{"class":65},[55,129082,128453],{"class":318},[55,129084,66],{"class":65},[55,129086,126],{"class":109},[55,129088,79344],{"class":129},[55,129090,126],{"class":109},[55,129092,163],{"class":65},[55,129094,4121],{"class":75},[55,129096,163],{"class":65},[55,129098,2759],{"class":75},[55,129100,5645],{"class":65},[55,129102,128809],{"class":3956},[14,129104,129105],{},"This is useful when you only want to search inside part of a string before slicing or processing it further.",[14,129107,129108,129109,55139,129113,29],{},"If you want to split text after finding a separator, see ",[294,129110,129112],{"href":129111},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to split a string in Python",[294,129114,129116,129118],{"href":129115},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method\u002F",[18,129117,60603],{}," string method",[41,129120,124075],{"id":124074},[14,129122,129123,123886],{},[18,129124,124423],{},[14,129126,127473,129127,4679,129129,129131],{},[18,129128,90491],{},[18,129130,64607],{}," are treated as different text.",[46,129133,129135],{"className":48,"code":129134,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"Hello\"))  # 0\nprint(text.find(\"hello\"))  # -1\n",[18,129136,129137,129150,129154,129178],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,129138,129139,129141,129143,129145,129148],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,129140,34746],{"class":902},[55,129142,906],{"class":703},[55,129144,793],{"class":109},[55,129146,129147],{"class":129},"Hello World",[55,129149,1052],{"class":109},[55,129151,129152],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,129153,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,129155,129156,129158,129160,129162,129164,129166,129168,129170,129172,129174,129176],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,129157,62],{"class":61},[55,129159,66],{"class":65},[55,129161,34767],{"class":318},[55,129163,29],{"class":65},[55,129165,128453],{"class":318},[55,129167,66],{"class":65},[55,129169,126],{"class":109},[55,129171,34926],{"class":129},[55,129173,126],{"class":109},[55,129175,5645],{"class":65},[55,129177,51316],{"class":3956},[55,129179,129180,129182,129184,129186,129188,129190,129192,129194,129196,129198,129200],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,129181,62],{"class":61},[55,129183,66],{"class":65},[55,129185,34767],{"class":318},[55,129187,29],{"class":65},[55,129189,128453],{"class":318},[55,129191,66],{"class":65},[55,129193,126],{"class":109},[55,129195,130],{"class":129},[55,129197,126],{"class":109},[55,129199,5645],{"class":65},[55,129201,128809],{"class":3956},[14,129203,129204],{},"If you want a case-insensitive search, convert both values to the same case first.",[46,129206,129208],{"className":48,"code":129207,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower().find(\"hello\"))  # 0\n",[18,129209,129210,129222,129226],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,129211,129212,129214,129216,129218,129220],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,129213,34746],{"class":902},[55,129215,906],{"class":703},[55,129217,793],{"class":109},[55,129219,129147],{"class":129},[55,129221,1052],{"class":109},[55,129223,129224],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,129225,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,129227,129228,129230,129232,129234,129236,129238,129240,129242,129244,129246,129248,129250,129252],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,129229,62],{"class":61},[55,129231,66],{"class":65},[55,129233,34767],{"class":318},[55,129235,29],{"class":65},[55,129237,1786],{"class":318},[55,129239,1783],{"class":65},[55,129241,128453],{"class":318},[55,129243,66],{"class":65},[55,129245,126],{"class":109},[55,129247,130],{"class":129},[55,129249,126],{"class":109},[55,129251,5645],{"class":65},[55,129253,51316],{"class":3956},[41,129255,129257,10624,129259],{"id":129256},"find-vs-index",[18,129258,124423],{},[18,129260,59039],{},[14,129262,129263,4679,129265,129267],{},[18,129264,124423],{},[18,129266,59039],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the substring is missing.",[240,129269,129270,129276],{},[243,129271,129272,1265,129274],{},[18,129273,124423],{},[18,129275,65927],{},[243,129277,129278,52564,129280],{},[18,129279,59039],{},[18,129281,40768],{},[14,129283,212,129284,129286],{},[18,129285,124423],{}," when missing text is normal.",[14,129288,212,129289,129291],{},[18,129290,59039],{}," when the value must exist.",[46,129293,129295],{"className":48,"code":129294,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))   # -1\n",[18,129296,129297,129309,129313],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,129298,129299,129301,129303,129305,129307],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,129300,34746],{"class":902},[55,129302,906],{"class":703},[55,129304,793],{"class":109},[55,129306,130],{"class":129},[55,129308,1052],{"class":109},[55,129310,129311],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,129312,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,129314,129315,129317,129319,129321,129323,129325,129327,129329,129331,129333,129335],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,129316,62],{"class":61},[55,129318,66],{"class":65},[55,129320,34767],{"class":318},[55,129322,29],{"class":65},[55,129324,128453],{"class":318},[55,129326,66],{"class":65},[55,129328,126],{"class":109},[55,129330,2477],{"class":129},[55,129332,126],{"class":109},[55,129334,5645],{"class":65},[55,129336,129337],{"class":3956},"   # -1\n",[46,129339,129341],{"className":48,"code":129340,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"x\"))  # ValueError\n",[18,129342,129343,129355,129359],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,129344,129345,129347,129349,129351,129353],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,129346,34746],{"class":902},[55,129348,906],{"class":703},[55,129350,793],{"class":109},[55,129352,130],{"class":129},[55,129354,1052],{"class":109},[55,129356,129357],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,129358,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,129360,129361,129363,129365,129367,129369,129371,129373,129375,129377,129379,129381],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,129362,62],{"class":61},[55,129364,66],{"class":65},[55,129366,34767],{"class":318},[55,129368,29],{"class":65},[55,129370,35906],{"class":318},[55,129372,66],{"class":65},[55,129374,126],{"class":109},[55,129376,2477],{"class":129},[55,129378,126],{"class":109},[55,129380,5645],{"class":65},[55,129382,129383],{"class":3956},"  # ValueError\n",[14,129385,129386,129387,129391,129392,129394,129395,29],{},"If you want to learn the difference in more detail, see the ",[294,129388,129389,129118],{"href":124448},[18,129390,59039],{},". If your code crashes because of ",[18,129393,59039],{},", read ",[294,129396,25733,129397],{"href":73555},[18,129398,129399],{},"ValueError: substring not found",[41,129401,41110],{"id":41109},[14,129403,35465,129404,129406],{},[18,129405,124423],{}," for simple string search tasks like these:",[240,129408,129409,129412,129415,129418],{},[243,129410,129411],{},"Check whether part of a string exists",[243,129413,129414],{},"Get the position of a word",[243,129416,129417],{},"Find separators like commas, colons, or spaces",[243,129419,129420],{},"Search before slicing a string",[14,129422,129423],{},"Example: finding a colon before slicing",[46,129425,129427],{"className":48,"code":129426,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"name:Alice\"\ncolon_pos = text.find(\":\")\n\nif colon_pos != -1:\n    label = text[:colon_pos]\n    value = text[colon_pos + 1:]\n    print(label)  # name\n    print(value)  # Alice\n",[18,129428,129429,129442,129465,129469,129484,129500,129519,129533],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,129430,129431,129433,129435,129437,129440],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,129432,34746],{"class":902},[55,129434,906],{"class":703},[55,129436,793],{"class":109},[55,129438,129439],{"class":129},"name:Alice",[55,129441,1052],{"class":109},[55,129443,129444,129447,129449,129451,129453,129455,129457,129459,129461,129463],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,129445,129446],{"class":902},"colon_pos ",[55,129448,906],{"class":703},[55,129450,42907],{"class":902},[55,129452,29],{"class":65},[55,129454,128453],{"class":318},[55,129456,66],{"class":65},[55,129458,126],{"class":109},[55,129460,790],{"class":129},[55,129462,126],{"class":109},[55,129464,322],{"class":65},[55,129466,129467],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,129468,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,129470,129471,129473,129476,129478,129480,129482],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,129472,38],{"class":1193},[55,129474,129475],{"class":902}," colon_pos ",[55,129477,72665],{"class":703},[55,129479,2526],{"class":703},[55,129481,93],{"class":75},[55,129483,1199],{"class":65},[55,129485,129486,129489,129491,129493,129495,129498],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,129487,129488],{"class":902},"    label ",[55,129490,906],{"class":703},[55,129492,42907],{"class":902},[55,129494,75608],{"class":65},[55,129496,129497],{"class":902},"colon_pos",[55,129499,924],{"class":65},[55,129501,129502,129504,129506,129508,129510,129512,129514,129516],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,129503,27455],{"class":902},[55,129505,906],{"class":703},[55,129507,42907],{"class":902},[55,129509,4186],{"class":65},[55,129511,129446],{"class":902},[55,129513,2363],{"class":703},[55,129515,5782],{"class":75},[55,129517,129518],{"class":65},":]\n",[55,129520,129521,129523,129525,129528,129530],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,129522,1204],{"class":61},[55,129524,66],{"class":65},[55,129526,129527],{"class":318},"label",[55,129529,3953],{"class":65},[55,129531,129532],{"class":3956},"  # name\n",[55,129534,129535,129537,129539,129541,129543],{"class":57,"line":582},[55,129536,1204],{"class":61},[55,129538,66],{"class":65},[55,129540,319],{"class":318},[55,129542,3953],{"class":65},[55,129544,129545],{"class":3956},"  # Alice\n",[14,129547,129548,129549,29],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, you may also want to read ",[294,129550,127464],{"href":123683},[41,129552,1586],{"id":1585},[14,129554,129555,129556,790],{},"These are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[18,129557,124423],{},[240,129559,129560,129569,129575,129580,129586],{},[243,129561,1595,129562,1598,129564,25,129566,129568],{},[18,129563,124423],{},[18,129565,24],{},[18,129567,28],{}," instead of an index",[243,129570,129571,129572,129574],{},"Forgetting that the method returns ",[18,129573,65927],{}," when the substring is missing",[243,129576,1556,129577,129579],{},[18,129578,124423],{}," without handling case differences",[243,129581,37266,129582,1851,129584],{},[18,129583,124423],{},[18,129585,59039],{},[243,129587,4864,129588,129590],{},[18,129589,124423],{}," changes the string",[14,129592,129593],{},"Example of a mistake:",[46,129595,129597],{"className":48,"code":129596,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\"):\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[18,129598,129599,129611,129615,129635,129650,129656],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,129600,129601,129603,129605,129607,129609],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,129602,34746],{"class":902},[55,129604,906],{"class":703},[55,129606,793],{"class":109},[55,129608,130],{"class":129},[55,129610,1052],{"class":109},[55,129612,129613],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,129614,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,129616,129617,129619,129621,129623,129625,129627,129629,129631,129633],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,129618,38],{"class":1193},[55,129620,42907],{"class":902},[55,129622,29],{"class":65},[55,129624,128453],{"class":318},[55,129626,66],{"class":65},[55,129628,126],{"class":109},[55,129630,60510],{"class":129},[55,129632,126],{"class":109},[55,129634,1480],{"class":65},[55,129636,129637,129639,129641,129643,129646,129648],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,129638,1204],{"class":61},[55,129640,66],{"class":65},[55,129642,126],{"class":109},[55,129644,129645],{"class":129},"Found",[55,129647,126],{"class":109},[55,129649,322],{"class":65},[55,129651,129652,129654],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,129653,27488],{"class":1193},[55,129655,1199],{"class":65},[55,129657,129658,129660,129662,129664,129666,129668],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,129659,1204],{"class":61},[55,129661,66],{"class":65},[55,129663,126],{"class":109},[55,129665,26369],{"class":129},[55,129667,126],{"class":109},[55,129669,322],{"class":65},[14,129671,99989],{},[46,129673,129675],{"className":48,"code":129674,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Not found\n",[18,129676,129677],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,129678,129679],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,129680,129674],{"class":902},[14,129682,45770,129683,129686,129687,17121,129689,129691,129692,129694],{},[18,129684,129685],{},"\"h\""," is found at index ",[18,129688,76],{},[18,129690,76],{}," is treated as false in an ",[18,129693,38],{}," statement.",[14,129696,129697],{},"A safer version is:",[46,129699,129701],{"className":48,"code":129700,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\") != -1:\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[18,129702,129703,129715,129719,129748,129762,129768],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,129704,129705,129707,129709,129711,129713],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,129706,34746],{"class":902},[55,129708,906],{"class":703},[55,129710,793],{"class":109},[55,129712,130],{"class":129},[55,129714,1052],{"class":109},[55,129716,129717],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,129718,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,129720,129721,129723,129725,129727,129729,129731,129733,129735,129737,129739,129742,129744,129746],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,129722,38],{"class":1193},[55,129724,42907],{"class":902},[55,129726,29],{"class":65},[55,129728,128453],{"class":318},[55,129730,66],{"class":65},[55,129732,126],{"class":109},[55,129734,60510],{"class":129},[55,129736,126],{"class":109},[55,129738,3953],{"class":65},[55,129740,129741],{"class":703}," !=",[55,129743,2526],{"class":703},[55,129745,93],{"class":75},[55,129747,1199],{"class":65},[55,129749,129750,129752,129754,129756,129758,129760],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,129751,1204],{"class":61},[55,129753,66],{"class":65},[55,129755,126],{"class":109},[55,129757,129645],{"class":129},[55,129759,126],{"class":109},[55,129761,322],{"class":65},[55,129763,129764,129766],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,129765,27488],{"class":1193},[55,129767,1199],{"class":65},[55,129769,129770,129772,129774,129776,129778,129780],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,129771,1204],{"class":61},[55,129773,66],{"class":65},[55,129775,126],{"class":109},[55,129777,26369],{"class":129},[55,129779,126],{"class":109},[55,129781,322],{"class":65},[14,129783,129784],{},"You can also debug string search problems with simple checks like these:",[46,129786,129788],{"className":48,"code":129787,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(text.find('word'))\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.lower().find('word'))\nprint(len(text))\nprint(text.find('word', start, end))\n",[18,129789,129790,129812,129826,129852,129866],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,129791,129792,129794,129796,129798,129800,129802,129804,129806,129808,129810],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,129793,62],{"class":61},[55,129795,66],{"class":65},[55,129797,34767],{"class":318},[55,129799,29],{"class":65},[55,129801,128453],{"class":318},[55,129803,66],{"class":65},[55,129805,1923],{"class":109},[55,129807,38454],{"class":129},[55,129809,1923],{"class":109},[55,129811,79],{"class":65},[55,129813,129814,129816,129818,129820,129822,129824],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,129815,62],{"class":61},[55,129817,66],{"class":65},[55,129819,41844],{"class":61},[55,129821,66],{"class":65},[55,129823,34767],{"class":318},[55,129825,79],{"class":65},[55,129827,129828,129830,129832,129834,129836,129838,129840,129842,129844,129846,129848,129850],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,129829,62],{"class":61},[55,129831,66],{"class":65},[55,129833,34767],{"class":318},[55,129835,29],{"class":65},[55,129837,1786],{"class":318},[55,129839,1783],{"class":65},[55,129841,128453],{"class":318},[55,129843,66],{"class":65},[55,129845,1923],{"class":109},[55,129847,38454],{"class":129},[55,129849,1923],{"class":109},[55,129851,79],{"class":65},[55,129853,129854,129856,129858,129860,129862,129864],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,129855,62],{"class":61},[55,129857,66],{"class":65},[55,129859,11202],{"class":61},[55,129861,66],{"class":65},[55,129863,34767],{"class":318},[55,129865,79],{"class":65},[55,129867,129868,129870,129872,129874,129876,129878,129880,129882,129884,129886,129888,129890,129892,129894],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,129869,62],{"class":61},[55,129871,66],{"class":65},[55,129873,34767],{"class":318},[55,129875,29],{"class":65},[55,129877,128453],{"class":318},[55,129879,66],{"class":65},[55,129881,1923],{"class":109},[55,129883,38454],{"class":129},[55,129885,1923],{"class":109},[55,129887,163],{"class":65},[55,129889,36112],{"class":318},[55,129891,163],{"class":65},[55,129893,65113],{"class":318},[55,129895,79],{"class":65},[14,129897,129898],{},"These help you check:",[240,129900,129901,129906,129911,129916,129919],{},[243,129902,129903,129904],{},"The actual result from ",[18,129905,124423],{},[243,129907,129908,129909],{},"Hidden spaces or newline characters with ",[18,129910,122642],{},[243,129912,129913,129914],{},"Case differences with ",[18,129915,124158],{},[243,129917,129918],{},"The string length",[243,129920,129921,129922,4679,129924,129926],{},"Whether your ",[18,129923,36133],{},[18,129925,52730],{}," values are correct",[41,129928,2139],{"id":2138},[889,129930,129932,129933,129935],{"id":129931},"what-does-python-string-find-return-if-the-text-is-not-found","What does Python string ",[18,129934,124423],{}," return if the text is not found?",[14,129937,2157,129938,29],{},[18,129939,65927],{},[889,129941,12748,129943,129945],{"id":129942},"does-find-return-the-first-match-or-all-matches",[18,129944,124423],{}," return the first match or all matches?",[14,129947,129948],{},"It returns the index of the first match only.",[889,129950,129952,129953,124764],{"id":129951},"is-python-find-case-sensitive","Is Python ",[18,129954,124423],{},[14,129956,129957],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are treated as different.",[889,129959,5466,129961,4679,129963,69728],{"id":129960},"what-is-the-difference-between-find-and-index-in-python",[18,129962,124423],{},[18,129964,59039],{},[14,129966,129967,1265,129969,129971,129972,52564,129974,29],{},[18,129968,124423],{},[18,129970,65927],{}," if not found, while ",[18,129973,59039],{},[18,129975,40768],{},[889,129977,28383,129979,129981],{"id":129978},"can-i-use-find-to-search-only-part-of-a-string",[18,129980,124423],{}," to search only part of a string?",[14,129983,129984,129985,4679,129987,66226],{},"Yes. Use the optional ",[18,129986,36133],{},[18,129988,52730],{},[41,129990,2193],{"id":2192},[240,129992,129993,129999,130005,130012,130018,130025,130029,130034],{},[243,129994,129995],{},[294,129996,126428,129997,10780],{"href":124448},[18,129998,59039],{},[243,130000,130001],{},[294,130002,126428,130003,10780],{"href":129115},[18,130004,60603],{},[243,130006,130007],{},[294,130008,126428,130010,10780],{"href":130009},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method\u002F",[18,130011,124599],{},[243,130013,130014],{},[294,130015,126428,130016,10780],{"href":127793},[18,130017,127796],{},[243,130019,130020],{},[294,130021,126428,130023,10780],{"href":130022},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method\u002F",[18,130024,126486],{},[243,130026,130027],{},[294,130028,124827],{"href":123683},[243,130030,130031],{},[294,130032,130033],{"href":129111},"How to split a string in Python",[243,130035,130036],{},[294,130037,26176,130038],{"href":73555},[18,130039,129399],{},[2226,130041,130042],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":130044},[130045,130047,130050,130051,130052,130053,130055,130056,130057,130069],{"id":128529,"depth":82,"text":130046},"What find() does",{"id":2459,"depth":82,"text":2460,"children":130048},[130049],{"id":17443,"depth":98,"text":17444},{"id":38082,"depth":82,"text":38083},{"id":65479,"depth":82,"text":66262},{"id":124074,"depth":82,"text":124075},{"id":129256,"depth":82,"text":130054},"find() vs index()",{"id":41109,"depth":82,"text":41110},{"id":1585,"depth":82,"text":1586},{"id":2138,"depth":82,"text":2139,"children":130058},[130059,130061,130063,130065,130067],{"id":129931,"depth":98,"text":130060},"What does Python string find() return if the text is not found?",{"id":129942,"depth":98,"text":130062},"Does find() return the first match or all matches?",{"id":129951,"depth":98,"text":130064},"Is Python find() case-sensitive?",{"id":129960,"depth":98,"text":130066},"What is the difference between find() and index() in Python?",{"id":129978,"depth":98,"text":130068},"Can I use find() to search only part of a string?",{"id":2192,"depth":82,"text":2193},"Master python string find method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method",{"title":128401,"description":130070},"reference\u002Fpython-string-find-method","_aPlkKFn8WjvuACbSbsUyVsOgHW4RFMjM8HcjwccooM",{"id":130077,"title":130078,"body":130079,"description":132005,"extension":2267,"meta":132006,"navigation":1121,"path":132007,"seo":132008,"stem":132009,"__hash__":132010},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method.md","Python String format() Method",{"type":7,"value":130080,"toc":131973},[130081,130086,130091,130094,130096,130172,130176,130204,130212,130216,130221,130225,130242,130244,130311,130315,130337,130345,130347,130350,130374,130377,130391,130393,130478,130482,130494,130497,130501,130507,130557,130561,130578,130587,130590,130598,130601,130650,130654,130679,130682,130737,130741,130753,130759,130763,130769,130774,130841,130845,130871,130874,130885,130887,130954,130958,130983,130990,130994,130999,131006,131014,131016,131068,131072,131090,131092,131137,131141,131156,131159,131169,131176,131178,131182,131185,131196,131198,131258,131262,131290,131293,131299,131304,131307,131311,131355,131358,131396,131399,131407,131409,131414,131418,131421,131469,131472,131475,131531,131535,131540,131543,131592,131594,131643,131649,131654,131656,131703,131707,131720,131722,131773,131779,131782,131786,131789,131795,131800,131802,131805,131877,131880,131897,131899,131904,131907,131911,131917,131923,131930,131936,131942,131944,131970],[10,130082,123428,130084,11363],{"id":130083},"python-string-format-method",[18,130085,126431],{},[14,130087,123433,130088,130090],{},[18,130089,126431],{}," method inserts values into a string by replacing placeholders.",[14,130092,130093],{},"It is a useful way to build readable messages without joining many strings together by hand.",[41,130095,2308],{"id":2307},[46,130097,130099],{"className":48,"code":130098,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 12\n\nmessage = \"My name is {} and I am {} years old.\".format(name, age)\nprint(message)\n",[18,130100,130101,130113,130121,130125,130162],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,130102,130103,130105,130107,130109,130111],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,130104,1004],{"class":902},[55,130106,906],{"class":703},[55,130108,793],{"class":109},[55,130110,11551],{"class":129},[55,130112,1052],{"class":109},[55,130114,130115,130117,130119],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,130116,21680],{"class":902},[55,130118,906],{"class":703},[55,130120,88872],{"class":75},[55,130122,130123],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,130124,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,130126,130127,130129,130131,130133,130136,130138,130141,130143,130145,130147,130149,130152,130154,130156,130158,130160],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,130128,90080],{"class":902},[55,130130,906],{"class":703},[55,130132,793],{"class":109},[55,130134,130135],{"class":129},"My name is ",[55,130137,471],{"class":75},[55,130139,130140],{"class":129}," and I am ",[55,130142,471],{"class":75},[55,130144,122424],{"class":129},[55,130146,126],{"class":109},[55,130148,29],{"class":65},[55,130150,130151],{"class":318},"format",[55,130153,66],{"class":65},[55,130155,785],{"class":318},[55,130157,163],{"class":65},[55,130159,9225],{"class":318},[55,130161,322],{"class":65},[55,130163,130164,130166,130168,130170],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,130165,62],{"class":61},[55,130167,66],{"class":65},[55,130169,90097],{"class":318},[55,130171,322],{"class":65},[14,130173,130174],{},[435,130175,281],{},[46,130177,130179],{"className":48,"code":130178,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"My name is Maya and I am 12 years old.\n",[18,130180,130181],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,130182,130183,130186,130188,130191,130194,130197,130200,130202],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,130184,130185],{"class":902},"My name ",[55,130187,12237],{"class":703},[55,130189,130190],{"class":902}," Maya ",[55,130192,130193],{"class":703},"and",[55,130195,130196],{"class":902}," I am ",[55,130198,130199],{"class":75},"12",[55,130201,122457],{"class":902},[55,130203,122460],{"class":65},[14,130205,212,130206,130208,130209,130211],{},[18,130207,471],{}," as placeholders, then pass values to ",[18,130210,126431],{}," in the same order.",[14,130213,125180,130214,29],{},[294,130215,125183],{"href":51044},[41,130217,13041,130219,13044],{"id":130218},"what-the-format-method-does",[18,130220,126431],{},[14,130222,16,130223,11454],{},[18,130224,126431],{},[240,130226,130227,130230,130236,130239],{},[243,130228,130229],{},"inserts values into a string",[243,130231,130232,130233,130235],{},"replaces placeholders like ",[18,130234,471],{}," with given values",[243,130237,130238],{},"returns a new string",[243,130240,130241],{},"does not change the original string",[14,130243,358],{},[46,130245,130247],{"className":48,"code":130246,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\nnew_text = text.format(\"Sam\")\n\nprint(new_text)\nprint(text)\n",[18,130248,130249,130263,130286,130290,130301],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,130250,130251,130253,130255,130257,130259,130261],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,130252,34746],{"class":902},[55,130254,906],{"class":703},[55,130256,793],{"class":109},[55,130258,44968],{"class":129},[55,130260,471],{"class":75},[55,130262,1052],{"class":109},[55,130264,130265,130268,130270,130272,130274,130276,130278,130280,130282,130284],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,130266,130267],{"class":902},"new_text ",[55,130269,906],{"class":703},[55,130271,42907],{"class":902},[55,130273,29],{"class":65},[55,130275,130151],{"class":318},[55,130277,66],{"class":65},[55,130279,126],{"class":109},[55,130281,796],{"class":129},[55,130283,126],{"class":109},[55,130285,322],{"class":65},[55,130287,130288],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,130289,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,130291,130292,130294,130296,130299],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,130293,62],{"class":61},[55,130295,66],{"class":65},[55,130297,130298],{"class":318},"new_text",[55,130300,322],{"class":65},[55,130302,130303,130305,130307,130309],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,130304,62],{"class":61},[55,130306,66],{"class":65},[55,130308,34767],{"class":318},[55,130310,322],{"class":65},[14,130312,130313],{},[435,130314,281],{},[46,130316,130318],{"className":48,"code":130317,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Hello, Sam\nHello, {}\n",[18,130319,130320,130329],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,130321,130322,130324,130326],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,130323,34926],{"class":902},[55,130325,163],{"class":65},[55,130327,130328],{"class":902}," Sam\n",[55,130330,130331,130333,130335],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,130332,34926],{"class":902},[55,130334,163],{"class":65},[55,130336,9876],{"class":65},[14,130338,2591,130339,130341,130342,130344],{},[18,130340,34767],{}," stays the same. ",[18,130343,126431],{}," creates and returns a new string.",[41,130346,2460],{"id":2459},[14,130348,130349],{},"The general form is:",[46,130351,130353],{"className":48,"code":130352,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"\"text {}\".format(value)\n",[18,130354,130355],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,130356,130357,130359,130362,130364,130366,130368,130370,130372],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,130358,126],{"class":43394},[55,130360,130361],{"class":43398},"text {}",[55,130363,126],{"class":43394},[55,130365,29],{"class":65},[55,130367,130151],{"class":318},[55,130369,66],{"class":65},[55,130371,319],{"class":318},[55,130373,322],{"class":65},[14,130375,130376],{},"Key idea:",[240,130378,130379,130385,130388],{},[243,130380,130381,130382,130384],{},"each ",[18,130383,471],{}," is a placeholder",[243,130386,130387],{},"values are inserted from left to right by default",[243,130389,130390],{},"the number of placeholders should match the values you pass",[14,130392,358],{},[46,130394,130396],{"className":48,"code":130395,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"animal = \"cat\"\nsound = \"meow\"\n\nsentence = \"The {} says {}.\".format(animal, sound)\nprint(sentence)\n",[18,130397,130398,130411,130425,130429,130467],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,130399,130400,130403,130405,130407,130409],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,130401,130402],{"class":902},"animal ",[55,130404,906],{"class":703},[55,130406,793],{"class":109},[55,130408,37109],{"class":129},[55,130410,1052],{"class":109},[55,130412,130413,130416,130418,130420,130423],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,130414,130415],{"class":902},"sound ",[55,130417,906],{"class":703},[55,130419,793],{"class":109},[55,130421,130422],{"class":129},"meow",[55,130424,1052],{"class":109},[55,130426,130427],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,130428,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,130430,130431,130434,130436,130438,130440,130442,130445,130447,130449,130451,130453,130455,130457,130460,130462,130465],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,130432,130433],{"class":902},"sentence ",[55,130435,906],{"class":703},[55,130437,793],{"class":109},[55,130439,16],{"class":129},[55,130441,471],{"class":75},[55,130443,130444],{"class":129}," says ",[55,130446,471],{"class":75},[55,130448,29],{"class":129},[55,130450,126],{"class":109},[55,130452,29],{"class":65},[55,130454,130151],{"class":318},[55,130456,66],{"class":65},[55,130458,130459],{"class":318},"animal",[55,130461,163],{"class":65},[55,130463,130464],{"class":318}," sound",[55,130466,322],{"class":65},[55,130468,130469,130471,130473,130476],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,130470,62],{"class":61},[55,130472,66],{"class":65},[55,130474,130475],{"class":318},"sentence",[55,130477,322],{"class":65},[14,130479,130480],{},[435,130481,281],{},[46,130483,130485],{"className":48,"code":130484,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"The cat says meow.\n",[18,130486,130487],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,130488,130489,130492],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,130490,130491],{"class":902},"The cat says meow",[55,130493,122460],{"class":65},[14,130495,130496],{},"You can print the result directly, or save it in a variable first.",[41,130498,130500],{"id":130499},"using-positional-placeholders","Using positional placeholders",[14,130502,130503,130504,130506],{},"You can use empty braces ",[18,130505,471],{}," for simple left-to-right replacement.",[46,130508,130510],{"className":48,"code":130509,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(\"I like {} and {}.\".format(\"pizza\", \"pasta\"))\n",[18,130511,130512],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,130513,130514,130516,130518,130520,130523,130525,130527,130529,130531,130533,130535,130537,130539,130541,130544,130546,130548,130550,130553,130555],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,130515,62],{"class":61},[55,130517,66],{"class":65},[55,130519,126],{"class":109},[55,130521,130522],{"class":129},"I like ",[55,130524,471],{"class":75},[55,130526,4679],{"class":129},[55,130528,471],{"class":75},[55,130530,29],{"class":129},[55,130532,126],{"class":109},[55,130534,29],{"class":65},[55,130536,130151],{"class":318},[55,130538,66],{"class":65},[55,130540,126],{"class":109},[55,130542,130543],{"class":129},"pizza",[55,130545,126],{"class":109},[55,130547,163],{"class":65},[55,130549,793],{"class":109},[55,130551,130552],{"class":129},"pasta",[55,130554,126],{"class":109},[55,130556,79],{"class":65},[14,130558,130559],{},[435,130560,281],{},[46,130562,130564],{"className":48,"code":130563,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"I like pizza and pasta.\n",[18,130565,130566],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,130567,130568,130571,130573,130576],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,130569,130570],{"class":902},"I like pizza ",[55,130572,130193],{"class":703},[55,130574,130575],{"class":902}," pasta",[55,130577,122460],{"class":65},[14,130579,130580,130581,4679,130584,29],{},"You can also use numbered placeholders like ",[18,130582,130583],{},"{0}",[18,130585,130586],{},"{1}",[14,130588,130589],{},"This is helpful when:",[240,130591,130592,130595],{},[243,130593,130594],{},"you want to reuse a value",[243,130596,130597],{},"you want to change the order",[14,130599,130600],{},"Example with reused values:",[46,130602,130604],{"className":48,"code":130603,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"{0} is learning Python. {0} likes coding.\".format(\"Lina\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,130605,130606,130640],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,130607,130608,130610,130612,130614,130616,130619,130621,130624,130626,130628,130630,130632,130634,130636,130638],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,130609,34746],{"class":902},[55,130611,906],{"class":703},[55,130613,793],{"class":109},[55,130615,130583],{"class":75},[55,130617,130618],{"class":129}," is learning Python. ",[55,130620,130583],{"class":75},[55,130622,130623],{"class":129}," likes coding.",[55,130625,126],{"class":109},[55,130627,29],{"class":65},[55,130629,130151],{"class":318},[55,130631,66],{"class":65},[55,130633,126],{"class":109},[55,130635,19933],{"class":129},[55,130637,126],{"class":109},[55,130639,322],{"class":65},[55,130641,130642,130644,130646,130648],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,130643,62],{"class":61},[55,130645,66],{"class":65},[55,130647,34767],{"class":318},[55,130649,322],{"class":65},[14,130651,130652],{},[435,130653,281],{},[46,130655,130657],{"className":48,"code":130656,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Lina is learning Python. Lina likes coding.\n",[18,130658,130659],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,130660,130661,130664,130666,130669,130671,130674,130677],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,130662,130663],{"class":902},"Lina ",[55,130665,12237],{"class":703},[55,130667,130668],{"class":902}," learning Python",[55,130670,29],{"class":65},[55,130672,130673],{"class":24803}," Lina",[55,130675,130676],{"class":902}," likes coding",[55,130678,122460],{"class":65},[14,130680,130681],{},"Example with changed order:",[46,130683,130685],{"className":48,"code":130684,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"{1} comes after {0}.\".format(\"one\", \"two\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,130686,130687,130727],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,130688,130689,130691,130693,130695,130697,130699,130701,130703,130705,130707,130709,130711,130713,130715,130717,130719,130721,130723,130725],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,130690,34746],{"class":902},[55,130692,906],{"class":703},[55,130694,793],{"class":109},[55,130696,130586],{"class":75},[55,130698,83399],{"class":129},[55,130700,130583],{"class":75},[55,130702,29],{"class":129},[55,130704,126],{"class":109},[55,130706,29],{"class":65},[55,130708,130151],{"class":318},[55,130710,66],{"class":65},[55,130712,126],{"class":109},[55,130714,6860],{"class":129},[55,130716,126],{"class":109},[55,130718,163],{"class":65},[55,130720,793],{"class":109},[55,130722,79344],{"class":129},[55,130724,126],{"class":109},[55,130726,322],{"class":65},[55,130728,130729,130731,130733,130735],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,130730,62],{"class":61},[55,130732,66],{"class":65},[55,130734,34767],{"class":318},[55,130736,322],{"class":65},[14,130738,130739],{},[435,130740,281],{},[46,130742,130744],{"className":48,"code":130743,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"two comes after one.\n",[18,130745,130746],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,130747,130748,130751],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,130749,130750],{"class":902},"two comes after one",[55,130752,122460],{"class":65},[14,130754,130755,130756,130758],{},"Numbered placeholders work, but for beginners, plain ",[18,130757,471],{}," is often easier to read unless you need to reuse values.",[41,130760,130762],{"id":130761},"using-named-placeholders","Using named placeholders",[14,130764,130765,130766,29],{},"Named placeholders look like ",[18,130767,130768],{},"{name}",[14,130770,130771,130772,790],{},"You pass matching names into ",[18,130773,126431],{},[46,130775,130777],{"className":48,"code":130776,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"My name is {name} and I live in {city}.\".format(name=\"Ana\", city=\"Lima\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,130778,130779,130831],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,130780,130781,130783,130785,130787,130789,130791,130794,130797,130799,130801,130803,130805,130807,130809,130811,130813,130815,130817,130819,130821,130823,130825,130827,130829],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,130782,34746],{"class":902},[55,130784,906],{"class":703},[55,130786,793],{"class":109},[55,130788,130135],{"class":129},[55,130790,130768],{"class":75},[55,130792,130793],{"class":129}," and I live in ",[55,130795,130796],{"class":75},"{city}",[55,130798,29],{"class":129},[55,130800,126],{"class":109},[55,130802,29],{"class":65},[55,130804,130151],{"class":318},[55,130806,66],{"class":65},[55,130808,785],{"class":9212},[55,130810,906],{"class":703},[55,130812,126],{"class":109},[55,130814,12925],{"class":129},[55,130816,126],{"class":109},[55,130818,163],{"class":65},[55,130820,31441],{"class":9212},[55,130822,906],{"class":703},[55,130824,126],{"class":109},[55,130826,16079],{"class":129},[55,130828,126],{"class":109},[55,130830,322],{"class":65},[55,130832,130833,130835,130837,130839],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,130834,62],{"class":61},[55,130836,66],{"class":65},[55,130838,34767],{"class":318},[55,130840,322],{"class":65},[14,130842,130843],{},[435,130844,281],{},[46,130846,130848],{"className":48,"code":130847,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"My name is Ana and I live in Lima.\n",[18,130849,130850],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,130851,130852,130854,130856,130859,130861,130864,130866,130869],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,130853,130185],{"class":902},[55,130855,12237],{"class":703},[55,130857,130858],{"class":902}," Ana ",[55,130860,130193],{"class":703},[55,130862,130863],{"class":902}," I live ",[55,130865,4168],{"class":703},[55,130867,130868],{"class":902}," Lima",[55,130870,122460],{"class":65},[14,130872,130873],{},"Named placeholders are useful because:",[240,130875,130876,130879,130882],{},[243,130877,130878],{},"they make code easier to read",[243,130880,130881],{},"they help when a string has many values",[243,130883,130884],{},"they reduce confusion about the order",[14,130886,358],{},[46,130888,130890],{"className":48,"code":130889,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"report = \"Student: {student}, Score: {score}\".format(student=\"Noah\", score=95)\nprint(report)\n",[18,130891,130892,130944],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,130893,130894,130897,130899,130901,130904,130907,130910,130913,130915,130917,130919,130921,130923,130925,130927,130930,130932,130934,130937,130939,130942],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,130895,130896],{"class":902},"report ",[55,130898,906],{"class":703},[55,130900,793],{"class":109},[55,130902,130903],{"class":129},"Student: ",[55,130905,130906],{"class":75},"{student}",[55,130908,130909],{"class":129},", Score: ",[55,130911,130912],{"class":75},"{score}",[55,130914,126],{"class":109},[55,130916,29],{"class":65},[55,130918,130151],{"class":318},[55,130920,66],{"class":65},[55,130922,13672],{"class":9212},[55,130924,906],{"class":703},[55,130926,126],{"class":109},[55,130928,130929],{"class":129},"Noah",[55,130931,126],{"class":109},[55,130933,163],{"class":65},[55,130935,130936],{"class":9212}," score",[55,130938,906],{"class":703},[55,130940,130941],{"class":75},"95",[55,130943,322],{"class":65},[55,130945,130946,130948,130950,130952],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,130947,62],{"class":61},[55,130949,66],{"class":65},[55,130951,128141],{"class":318},[55,130953,322],{"class":65},[14,130955,130956],{},[435,130957,281],{},[46,130959,130961],{"className":48,"code":130960,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Student: Noah, Score: 95\n",[18,130962,130963],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,130964,130965,130968,130970,130973,130975,130978,130980],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,130966,130967],{"class":902},"Student",[55,130969,790],{"class":65},[55,130971,130972],{"class":902}," Noah",[55,130974,163],{"class":65},[55,130976,130977],{"class":902}," Score",[55,130979,790],{"class":65},[55,130981,130982],{"class":75}," 95\n",[14,130984,130985,130986,29],{},"If you need to convert a value to text first, see ",[294,130987,3871,130988,3804],{"href":42240},[18,130989,47751],{},[41,130991,130993],{"id":130992},"formatting-numbers","Formatting numbers",[14,130995,130996,130998],{},[18,130997,126431],{}," can also control how numbers look.",[14,131000,131001,131002,131005],{},"A common example is ",[18,131003,131004],{},":.2f",", which means:",[240,131007,131008,131011],{},[243,131009,131010],{},"show the value as a floating-point number",[243,131012,131013],{},"keep 2 digits after the decimal point",[14,131015,358],{},[46,131017,131019],{"className":48,"code":131018,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"price = 3.5\ntext = \"Price: ${:.2f}\".format(price)\nprint(text)\n",[18,131020,131021,131029,131058],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,131022,131023,131025,131027],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,131024,40451],{"class":902},[55,131026,906],{"class":703},[55,131028,49344],{"class":75},[55,131030,131031,131033,131035,131037,131040,131042,131044,131046,131048,131050,131052,131054,131056],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,131032,34746],{"class":902},[55,131034,906],{"class":703},[55,131036,793],{"class":109},[55,131038,131039],{"class":129},"Price: $",[55,131041,9315],{"class":75},[55,131043,131004],{"class":1914},[55,131045,22355],{"class":75},[55,131047,126],{"class":109},[55,131049,29],{"class":65},[55,131051,130151],{"class":318},[55,131053,66],{"class":65},[55,131055,25203],{"class":318},[55,131057,322],{"class":65},[55,131059,131060,131062,131064,131066],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,131061,62],{"class":61},[55,131063,66],{"class":65},[55,131065,34767],{"class":318},[55,131067,322],{"class":65},[14,131069,131070],{},[435,131071,281],{},[46,131073,131075],{"className":48,"code":131074,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Price: $3.50\n",[18,131076,131077],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,131078,131079,131082,131084,131087],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,131080,131081],{"class":902},"Price",[55,131083,790],{"class":65},[55,131085,131086],{"class":37429}," $",[55,131088,131089],{"class":75},"3.50\n",[14,131091,52149],{},[46,131093,131095],{"className":48,"code":131094,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"average = 91.236\nprint(\"Average: {:.2f}\".format(average))\n",[18,131096,131097,131107],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,131098,131099,131102,131104],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,131100,131101],{"class":902},"average ",[55,131103,906],{"class":703},[55,131105,131106],{"class":75}," 91.236\n",[55,131108,131109,131111,131113,131115,131118,131120,131122,131124,131126,131128,131130,131132,131135],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,131110,62],{"class":61},[55,131112,66],{"class":65},[55,131114,126],{"class":109},[55,131116,131117],{"class":129},"Average: ",[55,131119,9315],{"class":75},[55,131121,131004],{"class":1914},[55,131123,22355],{"class":75},[55,131125,126],{"class":109},[55,131127,29],{"class":65},[55,131129,130151],{"class":318},[55,131131,66],{"class":65},[55,131133,131134],{"class":318},"average",[55,131136,79],{"class":65},[14,131138,131139],{},[435,131140,281],{},[46,131142,131144],{"className":48,"code":131143,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Average: 91.24\n",[18,131145,131146],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,131147,131148,131151,131153],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,131149,131150],{"class":902},"Average",[55,131152,790],{"class":65},[55,131154,131155],{"class":75}," 91.24\n",[14,131157,131158],{},"This is useful for:",[240,131160,131161,131163,131166],{},[243,131162,83157],{},[243,131164,131165],{},"averages",[243,131167,131168],{},"percentages",[14,131170,131171,131172,29],{},"You can print formatted text with the ",[294,131173,3871,131174,2607],{"href":46516},[18,131175,46519],{},[41,131177,17468],{"id":17467},[14,131179,131180,92594],{},[18,131181,126431],{},[14,131183,131184],{},"That means you can:",[240,131186,131187,131190,131193],{},[243,131188,131189],{},"save it in a variable",[243,131191,131192],{},"print it directly",[243,131194,131195],{},"use it anywhere a string is needed",[14,131197,358],{},[46,131199,131201],{"className":48,"code":131200,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"message = \"Hello, {}!\".format(\"Chris\")\nprint(message)\nprint(type(message))\n",[18,131202,131203,131234,131244],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,131204,131205,131207,131209,131211,131213,131215,131217,131219,131221,131223,131225,131227,131230,131232],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,131206,90080],{"class":902},[55,131208,906],{"class":703},[55,131210,793],{"class":109},[55,131212,44968],{"class":129},[55,131214,471],{"class":75},[55,131216,89921],{"class":129},[55,131218,126],{"class":109},[55,131220,29],{"class":65},[55,131222,130151],{"class":318},[55,131224,66],{"class":65},[55,131226,126],{"class":109},[55,131228,131229],{"class":129},"Chris",[55,131231,126],{"class":109},[55,131233,322],{"class":65},[55,131235,131236,131238,131240,131242],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,131237,62],{"class":61},[55,131239,66],{"class":65},[55,131241,90097],{"class":318},[55,131243,322],{"class":65},[55,131245,131246,131248,131250,131252,131254,131256],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,131247,62],{"class":61},[55,131249,66],{"class":65},[55,131251,1879],{"class":69},[55,131253,66],{"class":65},[55,131255,90097],{"class":318},[55,131257,79],{"class":65},[14,131259,131260],{},[435,131261,281],{},[46,131263,131265],{"className":48,"code":131264,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Hello, Chris!\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,131266,131267,131276],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,131268,131269,131271,131273],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,131270,34926],{"class":902},[55,131272,163],{"class":65},[55,131274,131275],{"class":902}," Chris!\n",[55,131277,131278,131280,131282,131284,131286,131288],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,131279,1911],{"class":703},[55,131281,1915],{"class":1914},[55,131283,1918],{"class":109},[55,131285,3738],{"class":129},[55,131287,1923],{"class":109},[55,131289,1926],{"class":703},[14,131291,131292],{},"The original string is not changed.",[41,131294,131296,131298],{"id":131295},"format-vs-f-strings",[18,131297,126431],{}," vs f-strings",[14,131300,131301,131303],{},[18,131302,126431],{}," is a string method.",[14,131305,131306],{},"Python also has f-strings, which are another way to insert values into strings.",[14,131308,46107,131309,790],{},[18,131310,126431],{},[46,131312,131314],{"className":48,"code":131313,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(\"Hello, {}!\".format(name))\n",[18,131315,131316,131329],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,131317,131318,131320,131322,131324,131327],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,131319,1004],{"class":902},[55,131321,906],{"class":703},[55,131323,793],{"class":109},[55,131325,131326],{"class":129},"Rita",[55,131328,1052],{"class":109},[55,131330,131331,131333,131335,131337,131339,131341,131343,131345,131347,131349,131351,131353],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,131332,62],{"class":61},[55,131334,66],{"class":65},[55,131336,126],{"class":109},[55,131338,44968],{"class":129},[55,131340,471],{"class":75},[55,131342,89921],{"class":129},[55,131344,126],{"class":109},[55,131346,29],{"class":65},[55,131348,130151],{"class":318},[55,131350,66],{"class":65},[55,131352,785],{"class":318},[55,131354,79],{"class":65},[14,131356,131357],{},"Example with an f-string:",[46,131359,131361],{"className":48,"code":131360,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(f\"Hello, {name}!\")\n",[18,131362,131363,131375],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,131364,131365,131367,131369,131371,131373],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,131366,1004],{"class":902},[55,131368,906],{"class":703},[55,131370,793],{"class":109},[55,131372,131326],{"class":129},[55,131374,1052],{"class":109},[55,131376,131377,131379,131381,131383,131385,131387,131389,131391,131394],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,131378,62],{"class":61},[55,131380,66],{"class":65},[55,131382,22346],{"class":1914},[55,131384,43412],{"class":129},[55,131386,9315],{"class":75},[55,131388,785],{"class":318},[55,131390,22355],{"class":75},[55,131392,131393],{"class":129},"!\"",[55,131395,322],{"class":65},[14,131397,131398],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are shorter and easier to read.",[14,131400,131401,131402,131404,131405,29],{},"This page focuses on how ",[18,131403,126431],{}," works. If you want the bigger picture, read ",[294,131406,89766],{"href":89765},[41,131408,1586],{"id":1585},[14,131410,131411,131412,29],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when using ",[18,131413,126431],{},[889,131415,131417],{"id":131416},"using-more-placeholders-than-values","Using more placeholders than values",[14,131419,131420],{},"This causes an error because Python cannot fill every placeholder.",[46,131422,131424],{"className":48,"code":131423,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,131425,131426,131459],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,131427,131428,131430,131432,131434,131436,131438,131441,131443,131445,131447,131449,131451,131453,131455,131457],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,131429,34746],{"class":902},[55,131431,906],{"class":703},[55,131433,793],{"class":109},[55,131435,44968],{"class":129},[55,131437,471],{"class":75},[55,131439,131440],{"class":75}," {}",[55,131442,89921],{"class":129},[55,131444,126],{"class":109},[55,131446,29],{"class":65},[55,131448,130151],{"class":318},[55,131450,66],{"class":65},[55,131452,126],{"class":109},[55,131454,796],{"class":129},[55,131456,126],{"class":109},[55,131458,322],{"class":65},[55,131460,131461,131463,131465,131467],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,131462,62],{"class":61},[55,131464,66],{"class":65},[55,131466,34767],{"class":318},[55,131468,322],{"class":65},[14,131470,131471],{},"You need to pass enough values for all placeholders.",[14,131473,131474],{},"Fixed version:",[46,131476,131478],{"className":48,"code":131477,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\", \"Lee\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,131479,131480,131521],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,131481,131482,131484,131486,131488,131490,131492,131494,131496,131498,131500,131502,131504,131506,131508,131510,131512,131514,131517,131519],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,131483,34746],{"class":902},[55,131485,906],{"class":703},[55,131487,793],{"class":109},[55,131489,44968],{"class":129},[55,131491,471],{"class":75},[55,131493,131440],{"class":75},[55,131495,89921],{"class":129},[55,131497,126],{"class":109},[55,131499,29],{"class":65},[55,131501,130151],{"class":318},[55,131503,66],{"class":65},[55,131505,126],{"class":109},[55,131507,796],{"class":129},[55,131509,126],{"class":109},[55,131511,163],{"class":65},[55,131513,793],{"class":109},[55,131515,131516],{"class":129},"Lee",[55,131518,126],{"class":109},[55,131520,322],{"class":65},[55,131522,131523,131525,131527,131529],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,131524,62],{"class":61},[55,131526,66],{"class":65},[55,131528,34767],{"class":318},[55,131530,322],{"class":65},[889,131532,131534],{"id":131533},"using-the-wrong-placeholder-name","Using the wrong placeholder name",[14,131536,131537,131538,29],{},"The name inside the braces must match the name passed to ",[18,131539,126431],{},[14,131541,131542],{},"Problem:",[46,131544,131546],{"className":48,"code":131545,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(username=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,131547,131548,131582],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,131549,131550,131552,131554,131556,131558,131560,131562,131564,131566,131568,131570,131572,131574,131576,131578,131580],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,131551,34746],{"class":902},[55,131553,906],{"class":703},[55,131555,793],{"class":109},[55,131557,44968],{"class":129},[55,131559,130768],{"class":75},[55,131561,89921],{"class":129},[55,131563,126],{"class":109},[55,131565,29],{"class":65},[55,131567,130151],{"class":318},[55,131569,66],{"class":65},[55,131571,1114],{"class":9212},[55,131573,906],{"class":703},[55,131575,126],{"class":109},[55,131577,796],{"class":129},[55,131579,126],{"class":109},[55,131581,322],{"class":65},[55,131583,131584,131586,131588,131590],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,131585,62],{"class":61},[55,131587,66],{"class":65},[55,131589,34767],{"class":318},[55,131591,322],{"class":65},[14,131593,131474],{},[46,131595,131597],{"className":48,"code":131596,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(name=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,131598,131599,131633],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,131600,131601,131603,131605,131607,131609,131611,131613,131615,131617,131619,131621,131623,131625,131627,131629,131631],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,131602,34746],{"class":902},[55,131604,906],{"class":703},[55,131606,793],{"class":109},[55,131608,44968],{"class":129},[55,131610,130768],{"class":75},[55,131612,89921],{"class":129},[55,131614,126],{"class":109},[55,131616,29],{"class":65},[55,131618,130151],{"class":318},[55,131620,66],{"class":65},[55,131622,785],{"class":9212},[55,131624,906],{"class":703},[55,131626,126],{"class":109},[55,131628,796],{"class":129},[55,131630,126],{"class":109},[55,131632,322],{"class":65},[55,131634,131635,131637,131639,131641],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,131636,62],{"class":61},[55,131638,66],{"class":65},[55,131640,34767],{"class":318},[55,131642,322],{"class":65},[889,131644,1595,131646,131648],{"id":131645},"expecting-format-to-change-the-original-string",[18,131647,126431],{}," to change the original string",[14,131650,131651,131653],{},[18,131652,126431],{}," does not modify the original string.",[14,131655,131542],{},[46,131657,131659],{"className":48,"code":131658,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,131660,131661,131675,131693],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,131662,131663,131665,131667,131669,131671,131673],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,131664,34746],{"class":902},[55,131666,906],{"class":703},[55,131668,793],{"class":109},[55,131670,44968],{"class":129},[55,131672,471],{"class":75},[55,131674,1052],{"class":109},[55,131676,131677,131679,131681,131683,131685,131687,131689,131691],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,131678,34767],{"class":902},[55,131680,29],{"class":65},[55,131682,130151],{"class":318},[55,131684,66],{"class":65},[55,131686,126],{"class":109},[55,131688,796],{"class":129},[55,131690,126],{"class":109},[55,131692,322],{"class":65},[55,131694,131695,131697,131699,131701],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,131696,62],{"class":61},[55,131698,66],{"class":65},[55,131700,34767],{"class":318},[55,131702,322],{"class":65},[14,131704,131705],{},[435,131706,281],{},[46,131708,131710],{"className":48,"code":131709,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Hello, {}\n",[18,131711,131712],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,131713,131714,131716,131718],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,131715,34926],{"class":902},[55,131717,163],{"class":65},[55,131719,9876],{"class":65},[14,131721,131474],{},[46,131723,131725],{"className":48,"code":131724,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext = text.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,131726,131727,131741,131763],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,131728,131729,131731,131733,131735,131737,131739],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,131730,34746],{"class":902},[55,131732,906],{"class":703},[55,131734,793],{"class":109},[55,131736,44968],{"class":129},[55,131738,471],{"class":75},[55,131740,1052],{"class":109},[55,131742,131743,131745,131747,131749,131751,131753,131755,131757,131759,131761],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,131744,34746],{"class":902},[55,131746,906],{"class":703},[55,131748,42907],{"class":902},[55,131750,29],{"class":65},[55,131752,130151],{"class":318},[55,131754,66],{"class":65},[55,131756,126],{"class":109},[55,131758,796],{"class":129},[55,131760,126],{"class":109},[55,131762,322],{"class":65},[55,131764,131765,131767,131769,131771],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,131766,62],{"class":61},[55,131768,66],{"class":65},[55,131770,34767],{"class":318},[55,131772,322],{"class":65},[889,131774,4989,131776,131778],{"id":131775},"forgetting-that-format-returns-a-new-string",[18,131777,126431],{}," returns a new string",[14,131780,131781],{},"This is similar to the problem above. Always store the result if you need to use it later.",[889,131783,131785],{"id":131784},"mixing-placeholder-indexes-in-a-confusing-way","Mixing placeholder indexes in a confusing way",[14,131787,131788],{},"Numbered placeholders can be useful, but too much mixing can make the string harder to understand.",[14,131790,131791,131792,131794],{},"Use simple ",[18,131793,471],{}," or named placeholders when possible.",[14,131796,131797,131798,29],{},"If you are trying to join strings and numbers directly, you may also see ",[294,131799,90479],{"href":90478},[41,131801,67968],{"id":67967},[14,131803,131804],{},"These simple lines can help you test what is happening:",[46,131806,131808],{"className":48,"code":131807,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(text)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(\"Hello {}\".format(\"Sam\"))\nhelp(str.format)\n",[18,131809,131810,131820,131834,131863],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,131811,131812,131814,131816,131818],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,131813,62],{"class":61},[55,131815,66],{"class":65},[55,131817,34767],{"class":318},[55,131819,322],{"class":65},[55,131821,131822,131824,131826,131828,131830,131832],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,131823,62],{"class":61},[55,131825,66],{"class":65},[55,131827,1879],{"class":69},[55,131829,66],{"class":65},[55,131831,319],{"class":318},[55,131833,79],{"class":65},[55,131835,131836,131838,131840,131842,131845,131847,131849,131851,131853,131855,131857,131859,131861],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,131837,62],{"class":61},[55,131839,66],{"class":65},[55,131841,126],{"class":109},[55,131843,131844],{"class":129},"Hello ",[55,131846,471],{"class":75},[55,131848,126],{"class":109},[55,131850,29],{"class":65},[55,131852,130151],{"class":318},[55,131854,66],{"class":65},[55,131856,126],{"class":109},[55,131858,796],{"class":129},[55,131860,126],{"class":109},[55,131862,79],{"class":65},[55,131864,131865,131867,131869,131871,131873,131875],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,131866,32209],{"class":61},[55,131868,66],{"class":65},[55,131870,3738],{"class":69},[55,131872,29],{"class":65},[55,131874,130151],{"class":24803},[55,131876,322],{"class":65},[14,131878,131879],{},"Use them to check:",[240,131881,131882,131885,131888,131891],{},[243,131883,131884],{},"what your string looks like before and after formatting",[243,131886,131887],{},"what type your value has",[243,131889,131890],{},"whether a small test example works",[243,131892,131893,131894],{},"Python’s built-in help for ",[18,131895,131896],{},"str.format",[41,131898,2139],{"id":2138},[889,131900,129932,131902,12760],{"id":131901},"what-does-python-string-format-return",[18,131903,126431],{},[14,131905,131906],{},"It returns a new string with the placeholders replaced.",[889,131908,131910],{"id":131909},"do-i-need-to-use-numbers-inside-the-braces","Do I need to use numbers inside the braces?",[14,131912,131913,131914,131916],{},"No. You can use plain ",[18,131915,471],{}," for simple cases, or numbered and named placeholders when needed.",[889,131918,131920,131921,2794],{"id":131919},"can-i-format-numbers-with-format","Can I format numbers with ",[18,131922,126431],{},[14,131924,131925,131926,131929],{},"Yes. A common example is ",[18,131927,131928],{},"\"{:.2f}\""," to show 2 decimal places.",[889,131931,14950,131933,131935],{"id":131932},"is-format-better-than-f-strings",[18,131934,126431],{}," better than f-strings?",[14,131937,131938,131939,131941],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are easier to read, but ",[18,131940,126431],{}," is still useful and common.",[41,131943,2193],{"id":2192},[240,131945,131946,131950,131954,131960,131966],{},[243,131947,131948],{},[294,131949,125183],{"href":51044},[243,131951,131952],{},[294,131953,90756],{"href":89765},[243,131955,131956],{},[294,131957,3871,131958,3804],{"href":46516},[18,131959,46519],{},[243,131961,131962],{},[294,131963,3871,131964,3804],{"href":42240},[18,131965,47751],{},[243,131967,131968],{},[294,131969,90479],{"href":90478},[2226,131971,131972],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":131974},[131975,131976,131978,131979,131980,131981,131982,131983,131985,131994,131995,132004],{"id":2307,"depth":82,"text":2308},{"id":130218,"depth":82,"text":131977},"What the format() method does",{"id":2459,"depth":82,"text":2460},{"id":130499,"depth":82,"text":130500},{"id":130761,"depth":82,"text":130762},{"id":130992,"depth":82,"text":130993},{"id":17467,"depth":82,"text":17468},{"id":131295,"depth":82,"text":131984},"format() vs f-strings",{"id":1585,"depth":82,"text":1586,"children":131986},[131987,131988,131989,131991,131993],{"id":131416,"depth":98,"text":131417},{"id":131533,"depth":98,"text":131534},{"id":131645,"depth":98,"text":131990},"Expecting format() to change the original string",{"id":131775,"depth":98,"text":131992},"Forgetting that format() returns a new string",{"id":131784,"depth":98,"text":131785},{"id":67967,"depth":82,"text":67968},{"id":2138,"depth":82,"text":2139,"children":131996},[131997,131999,132000,132002],{"id":131901,"depth":98,"text":131998},"What does Python string format() return?",{"id":131909,"depth":98,"text":131910},{"id":131919,"depth":98,"text":132001},"Can I format numbers with format()?",{"id":131932,"depth":98,"text":132003},"Is format() better than f-strings?",{"id":2192,"depth":82,"text":2193},"Master python string format method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method",{"title":130078,"description":132005},"reference\u002Fpython-string-format-method","3OFzHK3_StgzrEcYSZF3SLkvZkvBMBNZ1KeFd0x5PgM",{"id":132012,"title":132013,"body":132014,"description":133494,"extension":2267,"meta":133495,"navigation":1121,"path":133496,"seo":133497,"stem":133498,"__hash__":133499},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method.md","Python String index() Method",{"type":7,"value":132015,"toc":133466},[132016,132021,132026,132031,132033,132095,132102,132108,132113,132115,132131,132133,132204,132206,132220,132223,132273,132275,132277,132304,132307,132322,132325,132366,132369,132414,132421,132470,132472,132480,132482,132500,132502,132595,132603,132644,132649,132656,132662,132669,132672,132676,132777,132779,132801,132805,132858,132861,132864,132870,132877,132879,132918,132920,132938,132948,132955,133038,133041,133048,133055,133062,133066,133074,133120,133124,133133,133198,133203,133208,133219,133221,133226,133253,133255,133358,133361,133381,133383,133388,133391,133395,133399,133406,133415,133421,133424,133430,133432,133434,133463],[10,132017,123428,132019,11363],{"id":132018},"python-string-index-method",[18,132020,59039],{},[14,132022,123433,132023,132025],{},[18,132024,59039],{}," method returns the position of the first match inside a string.",[14,132027,132028,132029,29],{},"Use it when you want to find where a character or substring appears, and you expect that value to be present. If Python cannot find the value, it raises a ",[18,132030,40768],{},[41,132032,2308],{"id":2307},[46,132034,132036],{"className":48,"code":132035,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.index(\"world\")\nprint(position)\n\n# Output:\n# 6\n",[18,132037,132038,132050,132072,132082,132086,132090],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,132039,132040,132042,132044,132046,132048],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,132041,34746],{"class":902},[55,132043,906],{"class":703},[55,132045,793],{"class":109},[55,132047,60478],{"class":129},[55,132049,1052],{"class":109},[55,132051,132052,132054,132056,132058,132060,132062,132064,132066,132068,132070],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,132053,64992],{"class":902},[55,132055,906],{"class":703},[55,132057,42907],{"class":902},[55,132059,29],{"class":65},[55,132061,35906],{"class":318},[55,132063,66],{"class":65},[55,132065,126],{"class":109},[55,132067,60663],{"class":129},[55,132069,126],{"class":109},[55,132071,322],{"class":65},[55,132073,132074,132076,132078,132080],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,132075,62],{"class":61},[55,132077,66],{"class":65},[55,132079,65019],{"class":318},[55,132081,322],{"class":65},[55,132083,132084],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,132085,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,132087,132088],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,132089,90897],{"class":3956},[55,132091,132092],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,132093,132094],{"class":3956},"# 6\n",[14,132096,212,132097,132099,132100,29],{},[18,132098,59039],{}," when you want the position of a substring and expect it to exist. If the value is missing, Python raises a ",[18,132101,40768],{},[41,132103,3970,132105,3973],{"id":132104},"what-strindex-does",[18,132106,132107],{},"str.index()",[14,132109,132110,132112],{},[18,132111,132107],{}," searches a string and gives back the position of the first match.",[14,132114,13097],{},[240,132116,132117,132120,132123,132126],{},[243,132118,132119],{},"It returns the position of the first match in a string",[243,132121,132122],{},"It works with a single character or a longer substring",[243,132124,132125],{},"The search is case-sensitive",[243,132127,30349,132128,132130],{},[18,132129,40768],{}," if the substring is not found",[14,132132,358],{},[46,132134,132136],{"className":48,"code":132135,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))     # 1\nprint(text.index(\"na\"))    # 2\n",[18,132137,132138,132150,132154,132179],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,132139,132140,132142,132144,132146,132148],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,132141,34746],{"class":902},[55,132143,906],{"class":703},[55,132145,793],{"class":109},[55,132147,4373],{"class":129},[55,132149,1052],{"class":109},[55,132151,132152],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,132153,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,132155,132156,132158,132160,132162,132164,132166,132168,132170,132172,132174,132176],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,132157,62],{"class":61},[55,132159,66],{"class":65},[55,132161,34767],{"class":318},[55,132163,29],{"class":65},[55,132165,35906],{"class":318},[55,132167,66],{"class":65},[55,132169,126],{"class":109},[55,132171,294],{"class":129},[55,132173,126],{"class":109},[55,132175,5645],{"class":65},[55,132177,132178],{"class":3956},"     # 1\n",[55,132180,132181,132183,132185,132187,132189,132191,132193,132195,132197,132199,132201],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,132182,62],{"class":61},[55,132184,66],{"class":65},[55,132186,34767],{"class":318},[55,132188,29],{"class":65},[55,132190,35906],{"class":318},[55,132192,66],{"class":65},[55,132194,126],{"class":109},[55,132196,123521],{"class":129},[55,132198,126],{"class":109},[55,132200,5645],{"class":65},[55,132202,132203],{"class":3956},"    # 2\n",[14,132205,2482],{},[240,132207,132208,132214],{},[243,132209,132210,128641,132212],{},[18,132211,18146],{},[18,132213,93],{},[243,132215,132216,128641,132218],{},[18,132217,128640],{},[18,132219,707],{},[14,132221,132222],{},"Case sensitivity matters:",[46,132224,132226],{"className":48,"code":132225,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"Hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"H\"))   # 0\n# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[18,132227,132228,132240,132244,132268],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,132229,132230,132232,132234,132236,132238],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,132231,34746],{"class":902},[55,132233,906],{"class":703},[55,132235,793],{"class":109},[55,132237,34926],{"class":129},[55,132239,1052],{"class":109},[55,132241,132242],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,132243,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,132245,132246,132248,132250,132252,132254,132256,132258,132260,132262,132264,132266],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,132247,62],{"class":61},[55,132249,66],{"class":65},[55,132251,34767],{"class":318},[55,132253,29],{"class":65},[55,132255,35906],{"class":318},[55,132257,66],{"class":65},[55,132259,126],{"class":109},[55,132261,51260],{"class":129},[55,132263,126],{"class":109},[55,132265,5645],{"class":65},[55,132267,20819],{"class":3956},[55,132269,132270],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,132271,132272],{"class":3956},"# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[41,132274,2460],{"id":2459},[14,132276,2463],{},[46,132278,132280],{"className":48,"code":132279,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"string.index(value, start, end)\n",[18,132281,132282],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,132283,132284,132286,132288,132290,132292,132294,132296,132298,132300,132302],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,132285,61246],{"class":902},[55,132287,29],{"class":65},[55,132289,35906],{"class":318},[55,132291,66],{"class":65},[55,132293,319],{"class":318},[55,132295,163],{"class":65},[55,132297,36112],{"class":318},[55,132299,163],{"class":65},[55,132301,65113],{"class":318},[55,132303,322],{"class":65},[14,132305,132306],{},"Parameters:",[240,132308,132309,132313,132317],{},[243,132310,132311,123620],{},[18,132312,319],{},[243,132314,132315,128687],{},[18,132316,36133],{},[243,132318,132319,132321],{},[18,132320,52730],{},": optional stopping position",[14,132323,132324],{},"You can use just the value:",[46,132326,132328],{"className":48,"code":132327,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"python\"\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[18,132329,132330,132342],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,132331,132332,132334,132336,132338,132340],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,132333,34746],{"class":902},[55,132335,906],{"class":703},[55,132337,793],{"class":109},[55,132339,50],{"class":129},[55,132341,1052],{"class":109},[55,132343,132344,132346,132348,132350,132352,132354,132356,132358,132360,132362,132364],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,132345,62],{"class":61},[55,132347,66],{"class":65},[55,132349,34767],{"class":318},[55,132351,29],{"class":65},[55,132353,35906],{"class":318},[55,132355,66],{"class":65},[55,132357,126],{"class":109},[55,132359,63359],{"class":129},[55,132361,126],{"class":109},[55,132363,5645],{"class":65},[55,132365,51484],{"class":3956},[14,132367,132368],{},"Or include a start position:",[46,132370,132372],{"className":48,"code":132371,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))  # 3\n",[18,132373,132374,132386],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,132375,132376,132378,132380,132382,132384],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,132377,34746],{"class":902},[55,132379,906],{"class":703},[55,132381,793],{"class":109},[55,132383,4373],{"class":129},[55,132385,1052],{"class":109},[55,132387,132388,132390,132392,132394,132396,132398,132400,132402,132404,132406,132408,132410,132412],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,132389,62],{"class":61},[55,132391,66],{"class":65},[55,132393,34767],{"class":318},[55,132395,29],{"class":65},[55,132397,35906],{"class":318},[55,132399,66],{"class":65},[55,132401,126],{"class":109},[55,132403,294],{"class":129},[55,132405,126],{"class":109},[55,132407,163],{"class":65},[55,132409,166],{"class":75},[55,132411,5645],{"class":65},[55,132413,50839],{"class":3956},[14,132415,132416,132417,4679,132419,790],{},"Or include both ",[18,132418,36133],{},[18,132420,52730],{},[46,132422,132424],{"className":48,"code":132423,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2, 5))  # 3\n",[18,132425,132426,132438],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,132427,132428,132430,132432,132434,132436],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,132429,34746],{"class":902},[55,132431,906],{"class":703},[55,132433,793],{"class":109},[55,132435,4373],{"class":129},[55,132437,1052],{"class":109},[55,132439,132440,132442,132444,132446,132448,132450,132452,132454,132456,132458,132460,132462,132464,132466,132468],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,132441,62],{"class":61},[55,132443,66],{"class":65},[55,132445,34767],{"class":318},[55,132447,29],{"class":65},[55,132449,35906],{"class":318},[55,132451,66],{"class":65},[55,132453,126],{"class":109},[55,132455,294],{"class":129},[55,132457,126],{"class":109},[55,132459,163],{"class":65},[55,132461,166],{"class":75},[55,132463,163],{"class":65},[55,132465,4890],{"class":75},[55,132467,5645],{"class":65},[55,132469,50839],{"class":3956},[41,132471,38083],{"id":38082},[14,132473,28763,132474,132476,132477,29],{},[18,132475,59039],{}," is a ",[435,132478,132479],{},"zero-based index",[14,132481,2410],{},[240,132483,132484,132490,132495],{},[243,132485,132486,132487,132489],{},"Index ",[18,132488,76],{}," is the first character",[243,132491,132486,132492,132494],{},[18,132493,93],{}," is the second character",[243,132496,132486,132497,132499],{},[18,132498,707],{}," is the third character",[14,132501,358],{},[46,132503,132505],{"className":48,"code":132504,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"cat\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"c\"))  # 0\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[18,132506,132507,132519,132523,132547,132571],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,132508,132509,132511,132513,132515,132517],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,132510,34746],{"class":902},[55,132512,906],{"class":703},[55,132514,793],{"class":109},[55,132516,37109],{"class":129},[55,132518,1052],{"class":109},[55,132520,132521],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,132522,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,132524,132525,132527,132529,132531,132533,132535,132537,132539,132541,132543,132545],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,132526,62],{"class":61},[55,132528,66],{"class":65},[55,132530,34767],{"class":318},[55,132532,29],{"class":65},[55,132534,35906],{"class":318},[55,132536,66],{"class":65},[55,132538,126],{"class":109},[55,132540,9777],{"class":129},[55,132542,126],{"class":109},[55,132544,5645],{"class":65},[55,132546,51316],{"class":3956},[55,132548,132549,132551,132553,132555,132557,132559,132561,132563,132565,132567,132569],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,132550,62],{"class":61},[55,132552,66],{"class":65},[55,132554,34767],{"class":318},[55,132556,29],{"class":65},[55,132558,35906],{"class":318},[55,132560,66],{"class":65},[55,132562,126],{"class":109},[55,132564,294],{"class":129},[55,132566,126],{"class":109},[55,132568,5645],{"class":65},[55,132570,27834],{"class":3956},[55,132572,132573,132575,132577,132579,132581,132583,132585,132587,132589,132591,132593],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,132574,62],{"class":61},[55,132576,66],{"class":65},[55,132578,34767],{"class":318},[55,132580,29],{"class":65},[55,132582,35906],{"class":318},[55,132584,66],{"class":65},[55,132586,126],{"class":109},[55,132588,63359],{"class":129},[55,132590,126],{"class":109},[55,132592,5645],{"class":65},[55,132594,51484],{"class":3956},[14,132596,132597,132599,132600,132602],{},[18,132598,59039],{}," returns only the ",[435,132601,29964],{}," matching position.",[46,132604,132606],{"className":48,"code":132605,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\n",[18,132607,132608,132620],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,132609,132610,132612,132614,132616,132618],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,132611,34746],{"class":902},[55,132613,906],{"class":703},[55,132615,793],{"class":109},[55,132617,4373],{"class":129},[55,132619,1052],{"class":109},[55,132621,132622,132624,132626,132628,132630,132632,132634,132636,132638,132640,132642],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,132623,62],{"class":61},[55,132625,66],{"class":65},[55,132627,34767],{"class":318},[55,132629,29],{"class":65},[55,132631,35906],{"class":318},[55,132633,66],{"class":65},[55,132635,126],{"class":109},[55,132637,294],{"class":129},[55,132639,126],{"class":109},[55,132641,5645],{"class":65},[55,132643,27834],{"class":3956},[14,132645,21029,132646,132648],{},[18,132647,18146],{}," appears more than once, the method returns only the first match.",[14,132650,132651,132652,29],{},"If you need to count matches instead, see the ",[294,132653,132654,10780],{"href":124878},[18,132655,58661],{},[41,132657,1556,132658,4679,132660],{"id":65479},[18,132659,36133],{},[18,132661,52730],{},[14,132663,16,132664,4679,132666,132668],{},[18,132665,36133],{},[18,132667,52730],{}," arguments let you search only part of the string.",[14,132670,132671],{},"This is useful when the same text appears more than once.",[14,132673,46107,132674,790],{},[18,132675,36133],{},[46,132677,132679],{"className":48,"code":132678,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))      # 1\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))   # 3\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 4))   # 5\n",[18,132680,132681,132693,132697,132721,132749],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,132682,132683,132685,132687,132689,132691],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,132684,34746],{"class":902},[55,132686,906],{"class":703},[55,132688,793],{"class":109},[55,132690,4373],{"class":129},[55,132692,1052],{"class":109},[55,132694,132695],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,132696,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,132698,132699,132701,132703,132705,132707,132709,132711,132713,132715,132717,132719],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,132700,62],{"class":61},[55,132702,66],{"class":65},[55,132704,34767],{"class":318},[55,132706,29],{"class":65},[55,132708,35906],{"class":318},[55,132710,66],{"class":65},[55,132712,126],{"class":109},[55,132714,294],{"class":129},[55,132716,126],{"class":109},[55,132718,5645],{"class":65},[55,132720,51189],{"class":3956},[55,132722,132723,132725,132727,132729,132731,132733,132735,132737,132739,132741,132743,132745,132747],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,132724,62],{"class":61},[55,132726,66],{"class":65},[55,132728,34767],{"class":318},[55,132730,29],{"class":65},[55,132732,35906],{"class":318},[55,132734,66],{"class":65},[55,132736,126],{"class":109},[55,132738,294],{"class":129},[55,132740,126],{"class":109},[55,132742,163],{"class":65},[55,132744,166],{"class":75},[55,132746,5645],{"class":65},[55,132748,51038],{"class":3956},[55,132750,132751,132753,132755,132757,132759,132761,132763,132765,132767,132769,132771,132773,132775],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,132752,62],{"class":61},[55,132754,66],{"class":65},[55,132756,34767],{"class":318},[55,132758,29],{"class":65},[55,132760,35906],{"class":318},[55,132762,66],{"class":65},[55,132764,126],{"class":109},[55,132766,294],{"class":129},[55,132768,126],{"class":109},[55,132770,163],{"class":65},[55,132772,2759],{"class":75},[55,132774,5645],{"class":65},[55,132776,50822],{"class":3956},[14,132778,20008],{},[240,132780,132781,132788,132794],{},[243,132782,132783,132784,65669,132786],{},"The first search finds the first ",[18,132785,18146],{},[18,132787,93],{},[243,132789,132790,132791,132793],{},"Starting at index ",[18,132792,707],{}," skips that first match",[243,132795,132790,132796,132798,132799],{},[18,132797,2807],{}," finds the last ",[18,132800,18146],{},[14,132802,46107,132803,790],{},[18,132804,52730],{},[46,132806,132808],{"className":48,"code":132807,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"n\", 0, 4))  # 2\n",[18,132809,132810,132822,132826],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,132811,132812,132814,132816,132818,132820],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,132813,34746],{"class":902},[55,132815,906],{"class":703},[55,132817,793],{"class":109},[55,132819,4373],{"class":129},[55,132821,1052],{"class":109},[55,132823,132824],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,132825,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,132827,132828,132830,132832,132834,132836,132838,132840,132842,132844,132846,132848,132850,132852,132854,132856],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,132829,62],{"class":61},[55,132831,66],{"class":65},[55,132833,34767],{"class":318},[55,132835,29],{"class":65},[55,132837,35906],{"class":318},[55,132839,66],{"class":65},[55,132841,126],{"class":109},[55,132843,76103],{"class":129},[55,132845,126],{"class":109},[55,132847,163],{"class":65},[55,132849,4121],{"class":75},[55,132851,163],{"class":65},[55,132853,2759],{"class":75},[55,132855,5645],{"class":65},[55,132857,51484],{"class":3956},[14,132859,132860],{},"This searches only within part of the string.",[14,132862,132863],{},"One important detail: the returned index still refers to the original string, not a smaller temporary section.",[41,132865,44279,132867,132869],{"id":132866},"when-index-causes-an-error",[18,132868,59039],{}," causes an error",[14,132871,132872,132873,52564,132875,29],{},"If the substring is not found, ",[18,132874,59039],{},[18,132876,40768],{},[14,132878,358],{},[46,132880,132882],{"className":48,"code":132881,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"z\"))\n",[18,132883,132884,132896],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,132885,132886,132888,132890,132892,132894],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,132887,34746],{"class":902},[55,132889,906],{"class":703},[55,132891,793],{"class":109},[55,132893,130],{"class":129},[55,132895,1052],{"class":109},[55,132897,132898,132900,132902,132904,132906,132908,132910,132912,132914,132916],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,132899,62],{"class":61},[55,132901,66],{"class":65},[55,132903,34767],{"class":318},[55,132905,29],{"class":65},[55,132907,35906],{"class":318},[55,132909,66],{"class":65},[55,132911,126],{"class":109},[55,132913,22129],{"class":129},[55,132915,126],{"class":109},[55,132917,79],{"class":65},[14,132919,281],{},[46,132921,132923],{"className":48,"code":132922,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"ValueError: substring not found\n",[18,132924,132925],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,132926,132927,132929,132931,132934,132936],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,132928,40768],{"class":69},[55,132930,790],{"class":65},[55,132932,132933],{"class":902}," substring ",[55,132935,4916],{"class":703},[55,132937,65902],{"class":902},[14,132939,53411,132940,126394,132945,132947],{},[294,132941,132942],{"href":130072},[18,132943,132944],{},"str.find()",[18,132946,65927],{}," instead of raising an error.",[14,132949,132950,132951,4679,132953,790],{},"If the value may not exist, use ",[18,132952,29859],{},[18,132954,29890],{},[46,132956,132958],{"className":48,"code":132957,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"hello\"\n\ntry:\n    position = text.index(\"z\")\n    print(position)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Substring not found\")\n",[18,132959,132960,132972,132976,132982,133005,133015,133023],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,132961,132962,132964,132966,132968,132970],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,132963,34746],{"class":902},[55,132965,906],{"class":703},[55,132967,793],{"class":109},[55,132969,130],{"class":129},[55,132971,1052],{"class":109},[55,132973,132974],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,132975,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,132977,132978,132980],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,132979,29859],{"class":1193},[55,132981,1199],{"class":65},[55,132983,132984,132987,132989,132991,132993,132995,132997,132999,133001,133003],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,132985,132986],{"class":902},"    position ",[55,132988,906],{"class":703},[55,132990,42907],{"class":902},[55,132992,29],{"class":65},[55,132994,35906],{"class":318},[55,132996,66],{"class":65},[55,132998,126],{"class":109},[55,133000,22129],{"class":129},[55,133002,126],{"class":109},[55,133004,322],{"class":65},[55,133006,133007,133009,133011,133013],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,133008,1204],{"class":61},[55,133010,66],{"class":65},[55,133012,65019],{"class":318},[55,133014,322],{"class":65},[55,133016,133017,133019,133021],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,133018,29890],{"class":1193},[55,133020,41991],{"class":69},[55,133022,1199],{"class":65},[55,133024,133025,133027,133029,133031,133034,133036],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,133026,1204],{"class":61},[55,133028,66],{"class":65},[55,133030,126],{"class":109},[55,133032,133033],{"class":129},"Substring not found",[55,133035,126],{"class":109},[55,133037,322],{"class":65},[14,133039,133040],{},"This helps your program continue running.",[14,133042,42011,133043,29],{},[294,133044,25733,133046],{"href":133045},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix",[18,133047,129399],{},[41,133049,133051,10624,133053],{"id":133050},"index-vs-find",[18,133052,59039],{},[18,133054,124423],{},[14,133056,133057,4679,133059,133061],{},[18,133058,59039],{},[18,133060,124423],{}," are very similar, but they behave differently when no match is found.",[889,133063,133064],{"id":35906},[18,133065,59039],{},[240,133067,133068,133071],{},[243,133069,133070],{},"Returns the first match position",[243,133072,133073],{},"Raises an error if nothing is found",[46,133075,133077],{"className":48,"code":133076,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"e\"))  # 1\n# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[18,133078,133079,133091,133115],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,133080,133081,133083,133085,133087,133089],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,133082,34746],{"class":902},[55,133084,906],{"class":703},[55,133086,793],{"class":109},[55,133088,130],{"class":129},[55,133090,1052],{"class":109},[55,133092,133093,133095,133097,133099,133101,133103,133105,133107,133109,133111,133113],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,133094,62],{"class":61},[55,133096,66],{"class":65},[55,133098,34767],{"class":318},[55,133100,29],{"class":65},[55,133102,35906],{"class":318},[55,133104,66],{"class":65},[55,133106,126],{"class":109},[55,133108,60519],{"class":129},[55,133110,126],{"class":109},[55,133112,5645],{"class":65},[55,133114,27834],{"class":3956},[55,133116,133117],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,133118,133119],{"class":3956},"# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[889,133121,133122],{"id":128453},[18,133123,124423],{},[240,133125,133126,133128],{},[243,133127,133070],{},[243,133129,11465,133130,133132],{},[18,133131,65927],{}," if nothing is found",[46,133134,133136],{"className":48,"code":133135,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.find(\"e\"))  # 1\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))  # -1\n",[18,133137,133138,133150,133174],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,133139,133140,133142,133144,133146,133148],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,133141,34746],{"class":902},[55,133143,906],{"class":703},[55,133145,793],{"class":109},[55,133147,130],{"class":129},[55,133149,1052],{"class":109},[55,133151,133152,133154,133156,133158,133160,133162,133164,133166,133168,133170,133172],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,133153,62],{"class":61},[55,133155,66],{"class":65},[55,133157,34767],{"class":318},[55,133159,29],{"class":65},[55,133161,128453],{"class":318},[55,133163,66],{"class":65},[55,133165,126],{"class":109},[55,133167,60519],{"class":129},[55,133169,126],{"class":109},[55,133171,5645],{"class":65},[55,133173,27834],{"class":3956},[55,133175,133176,133178,133180,133182,133184,133186,133188,133190,133192,133194,133196],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,133177,62],{"class":61},[55,133179,66],{"class":65},[55,133181,34767],{"class":318},[55,133183,29],{"class":65},[55,133185,128453],{"class":318},[55,133187,66],{"class":65},[55,133189,126],{"class":109},[55,133191,22129],{"class":129},[55,133193,126],{"class":109},[55,133195,5645],{"class":65},[55,133197,128809],{"class":3956},[14,133199,212,133200,133202],{},[18,133201,59039],{}," when missing data should be treated as a problem.",[14,133204,212,133205,133207],{},[18,133206,124423],{}," when you want to check safely without an exception.",[14,133209,133210,133211,25,133216,29],{},"For a full comparison, see the ",[294,133212,133213,133215],{"href":130072},[18,133214,132944],{}," method reference",[294,133217,127464],{"href":133218},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python",[41,133220,1586],{"id":1585},[14,133222,133223,133224,790],{},"Beginners often run into these problems when using ",[18,133225,59039],{},[240,133227,133228,133231,133238,133243,133248],{},[243,133229,133230],{},"Searching for text with the wrong uppercase or lowercase letters",[243,133232,1595,133233,1598,133235,133237],{},[18,133234,59039],{},[18,133236,65927],{}," when no match exists",[243,133239,1556,133240,133242],{},[18,133241,59039],{}," on a value that may not be present",[243,133244,133245,133246],{},"Confusing character position with human counting starting at ",[18,133247,93],{},[243,133249,4864,133250,133252],{},[18,133251,59039],{}," returns every match instead of the first one",[14,133254,62367],{},[46,133256,133258],{"className":48,"code":133257,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.index(\"value\"))\nprint(text.find(\"value\"))\nprint(text.index(\"value\", start, end))\n",[18,133259,133260,133270,133284,133306,133328],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,133261,133262,133264,133266,133268],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,133263,62],{"class":61},[55,133265,66],{"class":65},[55,133267,34767],{"class":318},[55,133269,322],{"class":65},[55,133271,133272,133274,133276,133278,133280,133282],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,133273,62],{"class":61},[55,133275,66],{"class":65},[55,133277,41844],{"class":61},[55,133279,66],{"class":65},[55,133281,34767],{"class":318},[55,133283,79],{"class":65},[55,133285,133286,133288,133290,133292,133294,133296,133298,133300,133302,133304],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,133287,62],{"class":61},[55,133289,66],{"class":65},[55,133291,34767],{"class":318},[55,133293,29],{"class":65},[55,133295,35906],{"class":318},[55,133297,66],{"class":65},[55,133299,126],{"class":109},[55,133301,319],{"class":129},[55,133303,126],{"class":109},[55,133305,79],{"class":65},[55,133307,133308,133310,133312,133314,133316,133318,133320,133322,133324,133326],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,133309,62],{"class":61},[55,133311,66],{"class":65},[55,133313,34767],{"class":318},[55,133315,29],{"class":65},[55,133317,128453],{"class":318},[55,133319,66],{"class":65},[55,133321,126],{"class":109},[55,133323,319],{"class":129},[55,133325,126],{"class":109},[55,133327,79],{"class":65},[55,133329,133330,133332,133334,133336,133338,133340,133342,133344,133346,133348,133350,133352,133354,133356],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,133331,62],{"class":61},[55,133333,66],{"class":65},[55,133335,34767],{"class":318},[55,133337,29],{"class":65},[55,133339,35906],{"class":318},[55,133341,66],{"class":65},[55,133343,126],{"class":109},[55,133345,319],{"class":129},[55,133347,126],{"class":109},[55,133349,163],{"class":65},[55,133351,36112],{"class":318},[55,133353,163],{"class":65},[55,133355,65113],{"class":318},[55,133357,79],{"class":65},[14,133359,133360],{},"Tips:",[240,133362,133363,133368,133373,133376],{},[243,133364,212,133365,133367],{},[18,133366,126350],{}," to spot spaces or hidden characters",[243,133369,212,133370,133372],{},[18,133371,124423],{}," if you want to test first without raising an error",[243,133374,133375],{},"Double-check uppercase and lowercase letters",[243,133377,133378,133379],{},"Remember that Python starts counting at ",[18,133380,76],{},[41,133382,2139],{"id":2138},[889,133384,129932,133386,12760],{"id":133385},"what-does-python-string-index-return",[18,133387,59039],{},[14,133389,133390],{},"It returns the zero-based position of the first match in the string.",[889,133392,133394],{"id":133393},"what-happens-if-the-substring-is-not-found","What happens if the substring is not found?",[14,133396,76931,133397,29],{},[18,133398,40768],{},[889,133400,5466,133402,4679,133404,2794],{"id":133401},"what-is-the-difference-between-index-and-find",[18,133403,59039],{},[18,133405,124423],{},[14,133407,133408,133410,133411,1265,133413,6906],{},[18,133409,59039],{}," raises an error if nothing is found. ",[18,133412,124423],{},[18,133414,65927],{},[889,133416,5456,133418,133420],{"id":133417},"can-index-search-for-more-than-one-character",[18,133419,59039],{}," search for more than one character?",[14,133422,133423],{},"Yes. It can search for a substring, not just a single character.",[889,133425,133427,133428,124764],{"id":133426},"is-string-index-case-sensitive","Is string ",[18,133429,59039],{},[14,133431,129957],{},[41,133433,2193],{"id":2192},[240,133435,133436,133442,133446,133451,133457],{},[243,133437,133438],{},[294,133439,133440,10780],{"href":130072},[18,133441,132944],{},[243,133443,133444],{},[294,133445,124827],{"href":133218},[243,133447,133448],{},[294,133449,130033],{"href":133450},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python",[243,133452,133453],{},[294,133454,133455,10780],{"href":124878},[18,133456,58661],{},[243,133458,133459],{},[294,133460,30403,133461],{"href":133045},[18,133462,129399],{},[2226,133464,133465],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":133467},[133468,133469,133471,133472,133473,133474,133476,133481,133482,133493],{"id":2307,"depth":82,"text":2308},{"id":132104,"depth":82,"text":133470},"What str.index() does",{"id":2459,"depth":82,"text":2460},{"id":38082,"depth":82,"text":38083},{"id":65479,"depth":82,"text":66262},{"id":132866,"depth":82,"text":133475},"When index() causes an error",{"id":133050,"depth":82,"text":133477,"children":133478},"index() vs find()",[133479,133480],{"id":35906,"depth":98,"text":59039},{"id":128453,"depth":98,"text":124423},{"id":1585,"depth":82,"text":1586},{"id":2138,"depth":82,"text":2139,"children":133483},[133484,133486,133487,133489,133491],{"id":133385,"depth":98,"text":133485},"What does Python string index() return?",{"id":133393,"depth":98,"text":133394},{"id":133401,"depth":98,"text":133488},"What is the difference between index() and find()?",{"id":133417,"depth":98,"text":133490},"Can index() search for more than one character?",{"id":133426,"depth":98,"text":133492},"Is string index() case-sensitive?",{"id":2192,"depth":82,"text":2193},"Master python string index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method",{"title":132013,"description":133494},"reference\u002Fpython-string-index-method","R1ztM7XUbXLB6x68q72-dPTbtnrYXmbHumYw459ZPYA",{"id":133501,"title":133502,"body":133503,"description":136278,"extension":2267,"meta":136279,"navigation":1121,"path":136280,"seo":136281,"stem":136282,"__hash__":136283},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method.md","Python String join() Method",{"type":7,"value":133504,"toc":136214},[133505,133511,133516,133519,133522,133533,133535,133604,133606,133620,133625,133630,133635,133637,133680,133682,133765,133767,133813,133819,133821,133823,133843,133845,133868,133870,133944,133946,133965,133970,133972,133976,134048,134050,134064,134068,134144,134146,134165,134169,134263,134265,134274,134281,134357,134359,134377,134381,134384,134391,134440,134442,134451,134458,134517,134519,134537,134540,134547,134606,134608,134626,134633,134690,134692,134701,134705,134710,134714,134773,134775,134793,134797,134844,134849,134852,134921,134923,134940,134947,134953,135008,135013,135016,135093,135095,135113,135119,135125,135185,135187,135206,135212,135215,135222,135275,135280,135282,135343,135352,135359,135361,135418,135423,135425,135496,135500,135555,135557,135566,135571,135577,135646,135648,135680,135686,135694,135701,135707,135772,135774,135783,135789,135870,135872,135881,135886,135900,135907,135911,135916,135944,135946,136079,136082,136119,136121,136127,136136,136141,136144,136149,136154,136160,136163,136172,136175,136177,136206,136211],[10,133506,123428,133508,11363],{"id":133507},"python-string-join-method",[18,133509,133510],{},"join()",[14,133512,123433,133513,133515],{},[18,133514,133510],{}," method combines multiple strings into one string.",[14,133517,133518],{},"It is useful when you have a list or tuple of text values and want to join them with a separator such as a space, comma, dash, or nothing at all.",[14,133520,133521],{},"A key rule to remember is this:",[240,133523,133524,133530],{},[243,133525,133526,133527,133529],{},"You call ",[18,133528,133510],{}," on the separator string",[243,133531,133532],{},"Every item you join must already be a string",[41,133534,44],{"id":43},[46,133536,133538],{"className":48,"code":133537,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\nprint(result)\n",[18,133539,133540,133573,133594],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,133541,133542,133544,133546,133548,133550,133552,133554,133556,133558,133560,133562,133564,133566,133569,133571],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,133543,4355],{"class":902},[55,133545,906],{"class":703},[55,133547,909],{"class":65},[55,133549,126],{"class":109},[55,133551,393],{"class":129},[55,133553,126],{"class":109},[55,133555,163],{"class":65},[55,133557,793],{"class":109},[55,133559,12237],{"class":129},[55,133561,126],{"class":109},[55,133563,163],{"class":65},[55,133565,793],{"class":109},[55,133567,133568],{"class":129},"fun",[55,133570,126],{"class":109},[55,133572,924],{"class":65},[55,133574,133575,133577,133579,133581,133583,133585,133588,133590,133592],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,133576,2534],{"class":902},[55,133578,906],{"class":703},[55,133580,793],{"class":109},[55,133582,793],{"class":109},[55,133584,29],{"class":65},[55,133586,133587],{"class":318},"join",[55,133589,66],{"class":65},[55,133591,4399],{"class":318},[55,133593,322],{"class":65},[55,133595,133596,133598,133600,133602],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,133597,62],{"class":61},[55,133599,66],{"class":65},[55,133601,2569],{"class":318},[55,133603,322],{"class":65},[14,133605,281],{},[46,133607,133609],{"className":48,"code":133608,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Python is fun\n",[18,133610,133611],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,133612,133613,133615,133617],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,133614,3871],{"class":902},[55,133616,12237],{"class":703},[55,133618,133619],{"class":902}," fun\n",[14,133621,212,133622,133624],{},[18,133623,133510],{}," on the separator string. Every item in the iterable must be a string.",[41,133626,3970,133628,3973],{"id":133627},"what-join-does",[18,133629,133510],{},[14,133631,133632,133634],{},[18,133633,133510],{}," combines multiple strings into one string.",[14,133636,11500],{},[240,133638,133639,133646,133674,133677],{},[243,133640,133641,133642,133645],{},"It uses the string before ",[18,133643,133644],{},".join()"," as the separator",[243,133647,133648,133649],{},"Common separators are:\n",[240,133650,133651,133657,133663,133669],{},[243,133652,133653,133656],{},[18,133654,133655],{},"\" \""," for spaces",[243,133658,133659,133662],{},[18,133660,133661],{},"\", \""," for commas",[243,133664,133665,133668],{},[18,133666,133667],{},"\"-\""," for dashes",[243,133670,133671,133673],{},[18,133672,110],{}," for no separator",[243,133675,133676],{},"It returns a new string",[243,133678,133679],{},"It does not change the original list or tuple",[14,133681,358],{},[46,133683,133685],{"className":48,"code":133684,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nresult = \", \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(words)\n",[18,133686,133687,133719,133741,133745,133755],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,133688,133689,133691,133693,133695,133697,133699,133701,133703,133705,133707,133709,133711,133713,133715,133717],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,133690,4355],{"class":902},[55,133692,906],{"class":703},[55,133694,909],{"class":65},[55,133696,126],{"class":109},[55,133698,13138],{"class":129},[55,133700,126],{"class":109},[55,133702,163],{"class":65},[55,133704,793],{"class":109},[55,133706,17505],{"class":129},[55,133708,126],{"class":109},[55,133710,163],{"class":65},[55,133712,793],{"class":109},[55,133714,13155],{"class":129},[55,133716,126],{"class":109},[55,133718,924],{"class":65},[55,133720,133721,133723,133725,133727,133729,133731,133733,133735,133737,133739],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,133722,2534],{"class":902},[55,133724,906],{"class":703},[55,133726,793],{"class":109},[55,133728,2493],{"class":129},[55,133730,126],{"class":109},[55,133732,29],{"class":65},[55,133734,133587],{"class":318},[55,133736,66],{"class":65},[55,133738,4399],{"class":318},[55,133740,322],{"class":65},[55,133742,133743],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,133744,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,133746,133747,133749,133751,133753],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,133748,62],{"class":61},[55,133750,66],{"class":65},[55,133752,2569],{"class":318},[55,133754,322],{"class":65},[55,133756,133757,133759,133761,133763],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,133758,62],{"class":61},[55,133760,66],{"class":65},[55,133762,4399],{"class":318},[55,133764,322],{"class":65},[14,133766,281],{},[46,133768,133770],{"className":48,"code":133769,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"red, green, blue\n['red', 'green', 'blue']\n",[18,133771,133772,133785],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,133773,133774,133776,133778,133781,133783],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,133775,13138],{"class":902},[55,133777,163],{"class":65},[55,133779,133780],{"class":902}," green",[55,133782,163],{"class":65},[55,133784,35941],{"class":902},[55,133786,133787,133789,133791,133793,133795,133797,133799,133801,133803,133805,133807,133809,133811],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,133788,4186],{"class":65},[55,133790,1923],{"class":109},[55,133792,13138],{"class":129},[55,133794,1923],{"class":109},[55,133796,163],{"class":65},[55,133798,1918],{"class":109},[55,133800,17505],{"class":129},[55,133802,1923],{"class":109},[55,133804,163],{"class":65},[55,133806,1918],{"class":109},[55,133808,13155],{"class":129},[55,133810,1923],{"class":109},[55,133812,924],{"class":65},[14,133814,133815,133816,133818],{},"The list stays the same. ",[18,133817,133510],{}," creates a new string.",[41,133820,2460],{"id":2459},[14,133822,304],{},[46,133824,133826],{"className":48,"code":133825,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"separator.join(iterable)\n",[18,133827,133828],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,133829,133830,133833,133835,133837,133839,133841],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,133831,133832],{"class":902},"separator",[55,133834,29],{"class":65},[55,133836,133587],{"class":318},[55,133838,66],{"class":65},[55,133840,4014],{"class":318},[55,133842,322],{"class":65},[889,133844,49078],{"id":49077},[240,133846,133847,133860,133865],{},[243,133848,133849,133851,133852,2493,133854,2493,133856,2497,133858],{},[18,133850,133832],{}," is a string such as ",[18,133853,133655],{},[18,133855,133661],{},[18,133857,133667],{},[18,133859,110],{},[243,133861,133862,133864],{},[18,133863,4014],{}," is usually a list or tuple of strings",[243,133866,133867],{},"All items in the iterable must be strings",[14,133869,358],{},[46,133871,133873],{"className":48,"code":133872,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nresult = \" | \".join(names)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,133874,133875,133907,133930,133934],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,133876,133877,133879,133881,133883,133885,133887,133889,133891,133893,133895,133897,133899,133901,133903,133905],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,133878,5281],{"class":902},[55,133880,906],{"class":703},[55,133882,909],{"class":65},[55,133884,126],{"class":109},[55,133886,12925],{"class":129},[55,133888,126],{"class":109},[55,133890,163],{"class":65},[55,133892,793],{"class":109},[55,133894,36001],{"class":129},[55,133896,126],{"class":109},[55,133898,163],{"class":65},[55,133900,793],{"class":109},[55,133902,36010],{"class":129},[55,133904,126],{"class":109},[55,133906,924],{"class":65},[55,133908,133909,133911,133913,133915,133918,133920,133922,133924,133926,133928],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,133910,2534],{"class":902},[55,133912,906],{"class":703},[55,133914,793],{"class":109},[55,133916,133917],{"class":129}," | ",[55,133919,126],{"class":109},[55,133921,29],{"class":65},[55,133923,133587],{"class":318},[55,133925,66],{"class":65},[55,133927,5325],{"class":318},[55,133929,322],{"class":65},[55,133931,133932],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,133933,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,133935,133936,133938,133940,133942],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,133937,62],{"class":61},[55,133939,66],{"class":65},[55,133941,2569],{"class":318},[55,133943,322],{"class":65},[14,133945,281],{},[46,133947,133949],{"className":48,"code":133948,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Ana | Ben | Cara\n",[18,133950,133951],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,133952,133953,133956,133958,133961,133963],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,133954,133955],{"class":902},"Ana ",[55,133957,113935],{"class":703},[55,133959,133960],{"class":902}," Ben ",[55,133962,113935],{"class":703},[55,133964,36082],{"class":902},[14,133966,133967,133968,29],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with strings, see ",[294,133969,125183],{"href":51044},[41,133971,121959],{"id":121958},[889,133973,133975],{"id":133974},"join-words-with-a-space","Join words with a space",[46,133977,133979],{"className":48,"code":133978,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,133980,133981,134014,134034,134038],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,133982,133983,133985,133987,133989,133991,133993,133995,133997,133999,134001,134003,134005,134007,134010,134012],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,133984,4355],{"class":902},[55,133986,906],{"class":703},[55,133988,909],{"class":65},[55,133990,126],{"class":109},[55,133992,393],{"class":129},[55,133994,126],{"class":109},[55,133996,163],{"class":65},[55,133998,793],{"class":109},[55,134000,12237],{"class":129},[55,134002,126],{"class":109},[55,134004,163],{"class":65},[55,134006,793],{"class":109},[55,134008,134009],{"class":129},"easy",[55,134011,126],{"class":109},[55,134013,924],{"class":65},[55,134015,134016,134018,134020,134022,134024,134026,134028,134030,134032],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,134017,2534],{"class":902},[55,134019,906],{"class":703},[55,134021,793],{"class":109},[55,134023,793],{"class":109},[55,134025,29],{"class":65},[55,134027,133587],{"class":318},[55,134029,66],{"class":65},[55,134031,4399],{"class":318},[55,134033,322],{"class":65},[55,134035,134036],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,134037,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,134039,134040,134042,134044,134046],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,134041,62],{"class":61},[55,134043,66],{"class":65},[55,134045,2569],{"class":318},[55,134047,322],{"class":65},[14,134049,281],{},[46,134051,134053],{"className":48,"code":134052,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Python is easy\n",[18,134054,134055],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,134056,134057,134059,134061],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,134058,3871],{"class":902},[55,134060,12237],{"class":703},[55,134062,134063],{"class":902}," easy\n",[889,134065,134067],{"id":134066},"join-values-with-a-comma","Join values with a comma",[46,134069,134071],{"className":48,"code":134070,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [\"apples\", \"bananas\", \"oranges\"]\nresult = \", \".join(items)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,134072,134073,134108,134130,134134],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,134074,134075,134077,134079,134081,134083,134086,134088,134090,134092,134095,134097,134099,134101,134104,134106],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,134076,903],{"class":902},[55,134078,906],{"class":703},[55,134080,909],{"class":65},[55,134082,126],{"class":109},[55,134084,134085],{"class":129},"apples",[55,134087,126],{"class":109},[55,134089,163],{"class":65},[55,134091,793],{"class":109},[55,134093,134094],{"class":129},"bananas",[55,134096,126],{"class":109},[55,134098,163],{"class":65},[55,134100,793],{"class":109},[55,134102,134103],{"class":129},"oranges",[55,134105,126],{"class":109},[55,134107,924],{"class":65},[55,134109,134110,134112,134114,134116,134118,134120,134122,134124,134126,134128],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,134111,2534],{"class":902},[55,134113,906],{"class":703},[55,134115,793],{"class":109},[55,134117,2493],{"class":129},[55,134119,126],{"class":109},[55,134121,29],{"class":65},[55,134123,133587],{"class":318},[55,134125,66],{"class":65},[55,134127,937],{"class":318},[55,134129,322],{"class":65},[55,134131,134132],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,134133,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,134135,134136,134138,134140,134142],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,134137,62],{"class":61},[55,134139,66],{"class":65},[55,134141,2569],{"class":318},[55,134143,322],{"class":65},[14,134145,281],{},[46,134147,134149],{"className":48,"code":134148,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"apples, bananas, oranges\n",[18,134150,134151],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,134152,134153,134155,134157,134160,134162],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,134154,134085],{"class":902},[55,134156,163],{"class":65},[55,134158,134159],{"class":902}," bananas",[55,134161,163],{"class":65},[55,134163,134164],{"class":902}," oranges\n",[889,134166,134168],{"id":134167},"join-characters-with-an-empty-string","Join characters with an empty string",[46,134170,134172],{"className":48,"code":134171,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nresult = \"\".join(letters)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,134173,134174,134231,134249,134253],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,134175,134176,134178,134180,134182,134184,134187,134189,134191,134193,134195,134197,134199,134201,134203,134205,134207,134209,134211,134213,134215,134217,134219,134221,134223,134225,134227,134229],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,134177,36151],{"class":902},[55,134179,906],{"class":703},[55,134181,909],{"class":65},[55,134183,126],{"class":109},[55,134185,134186],{"class":129},"P",[55,134188,126],{"class":109},[55,134190,163],{"class":65},[55,134192,793],{"class":109},[55,134194,11788],{"class":129},[55,134196,126],{"class":109},[55,134198,163],{"class":65},[55,134200,793],{"class":109},[55,134202,63359],{"class":129},[55,134204,126],{"class":109},[55,134206,163],{"class":65},[55,134208,793],{"class":109},[55,134210,60510],{"class":129},[55,134212,126],{"class":109},[55,134214,163],{"class":65},[55,134216,793],{"class":109},[55,134218,60545],{"class":129},[55,134220,126],{"class":109},[55,134222,163],{"class":65},[55,134224,793],{"class":109},[55,134226,76103],{"class":129},[55,134228,126],{"class":109},[55,134230,924],{"class":65},[55,134232,134233,134235,134237,134239,134241,134243,134245,134247],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,134234,2534],{"class":902},[55,134236,906],{"class":703},[55,134238,6405],{"class":109},[55,134240,29],{"class":65},[55,134242,133587],{"class":318},[55,134244,66],{"class":65},[55,134246,36204],{"class":318},[55,134248,322],{"class":65},[55,134250,134251],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,134252,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,134254,134255,134257,134259,134261],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,134256,62],{"class":61},[55,134258,66],{"class":65},[55,134260,2569],{"class":318},[55,134262,322],{"class":65},[14,134264,281],{},[46,134266,134268],{"className":48,"code":134267,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Python\n",[18,134269,134270],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,134271,134272],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,134273,134267],{"class":902},[889,134275,134277,134278,134280],{"id":134276},"show-that-join-returns-the-result","Show that ",[18,134279,133510],{}," returns the result",[46,134282,134284],{"className":48,"code":134283,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\njoined_text = \"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(joined_text)\n",[18,134285,134286,134319,134342,134346],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,134287,134288,134290,134292,134294,134296,134298,134300,134302,134304,134306,134308,134310,134312,134315,134317],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,134289,4355],{"class":902},[55,134291,906],{"class":703},[55,134293,909],{"class":65},[55,134295,126],{"class":109},[55,134297,6860],{"class":129},[55,134299,126],{"class":109},[55,134301,163],{"class":65},[55,134303,793],{"class":109},[55,134305,79344],{"class":129},[55,134307,126],{"class":109},[55,134309,163],{"class":65},[55,134311,793],{"class":109},[55,134313,134314],{"class":129},"three",[55,134316,126],{"class":109},[55,134318,924],{"class":65},[55,134320,134321,134324,134326,134328,134330,134332,134334,134336,134338,134340],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,134322,134323],{"class":902},"joined_text ",[55,134325,906],{"class":703},[55,134327,793],{"class":109},[55,134329,704],{"class":129},[55,134331,126],{"class":109},[55,134333,29],{"class":65},[55,134335,133587],{"class":318},[55,134337,66],{"class":65},[55,134339,4399],{"class":318},[55,134341,322],{"class":65},[55,134343,134344],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,134345,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,134347,134348,134350,134352,134355],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,134349,62],{"class":61},[55,134351,66],{"class":65},[55,134353,134354],{"class":318},"joined_text",[55,134356,322],{"class":65},[14,134358,281],{},[46,134360,134362],{"className":48,"code":134361,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"one-two-three\n",[18,134363,134364],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,134365,134366,134368,134370,134372,134374],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,134367,6860],{"class":902},[55,134369,704],{"class":703},[55,134371,79344],{"class":902},[55,134373,704],{"class":703},[55,134375,134376],{"class":902},"three\n",[41,134378,134380],{"id":134379},"using-different-separators","Using different separators",[14,134382,134383],{},"The separator controls what appears between each item.",[889,134385,134387,134390],{"id":134386},"join-adds-spaces",[18,134388,134389],{},"\" \".join(...)"," adds spaces",[46,134392,134394],{"className":48,"code":134393,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\" \".join(words))\n",[18,134395,134396,134420],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,134397,134398,134400,134402,134404,134406,134408,134410,134412,134414,134416,134418],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,134399,4355],{"class":902},[55,134401,906],{"class":703},[55,134403,909],{"class":65},[55,134405,126],{"class":109},[55,134407,130],{"class":129},[55,134409,126],{"class":109},[55,134411,163],{"class":65},[55,134413,793],{"class":109},[55,134415,60663],{"class":129},[55,134417,126],{"class":109},[55,134419,924],{"class":65},[55,134421,134422,134424,134426,134428,134430,134432,134434,134436,134438],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,134423,62],{"class":61},[55,134425,66],{"class":65},[55,134427,126],{"class":109},[55,134429,793],{"class":109},[55,134431,29],{"class":65},[55,134433,133587],{"class":318},[55,134435,66],{"class":65},[55,134437,4399],{"class":318},[55,134439,79],{"class":65},[14,134441,281],{},[46,134443,134445],{"className":48,"code":134444,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"hello world\n",[18,134446,134447],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,134448,134449],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,134450,134444],{"class":902},[889,134452,134454,134457],{"id":134453},"join-creates-comma-separated-text",[18,134455,134456],{},"\", \".join(...)"," creates comma-separated text",[46,134459,134461],{"className":48,"code":134460,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\", \".join(colors))\n",[18,134462,134463,134495],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,134464,134465,134467,134469,134471,134473,134475,134477,134479,134481,134483,134485,134487,134489,134491,134493],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,134466,13121],{"class":902},[55,134468,906],{"class":703},[55,134470,909],{"class":65},[55,134472,126],{"class":109},[55,134474,13138],{"class":129},[55,134476,126],{"class":109},[55,134478,163],{"class":65},[55,134480,793],{"class":109},[55,134482,13155],{"class":129},[55,134484,126],{"class":109},[55,134486,163],{"class":65},[55,134488,793],{"class":109},[55,134490,17505],{"class":129},[55,134492,126],{"class":109},[55,134494,924],{"class":65},[55,134496,134497,134499,134501,134503,134505,134507,134509,134511,134513,134515],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,134498,62],{"class":61},[55,134500,66],{"class":65},[55,134502,126],{"class":109},[55,134504,2493],{"class":129},[55,134506,126],{"class":109},[55,134508,29],{"class":65},[55,134510,133587],{"class":318},[55,134512,66],{"class":65},[55,134514,17552],{"class":318},[55,134516,79],{"class":65},[14,134518,281],{},[46,134520,134522],{"className":48,"code":134521,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"red, blue, green\n",[18,134523,134524],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,134525,134526,134528,134530,134533,134535],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,134527,13138],{"class":902},[55,134529,163],{"class":65},[55,134531,134532],{"class":902}," blue",[55,134534,163],{"class":65},[55,134536,35934],{"class":902},[14,134538,134539],{},"This is useful when building simple CSV-style text.",[889,134541,134543,134546],{"id":134542},"join-is-useful-for-slugs-or-ids",[18,134544,134545],{},"\"-\".join(...)"," is useful for slugs or IDs",[46,134548,134550],{"className":48,"code":134549,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"parts = [\"python\", \"string\", \"join\"]\nprint(\"-\".join(parts))\n",[18,134551,134552,134584],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,134553,134554,134556,134558,134560,134562,134564,134566,134568,134570,134572,134574,134576,134578,134580,134582],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,134555,42902],{"class":902},[55,134557,906],{"class":703},[55,134559,909],{"class":65},[55,134561,126],{"class":109},[55,134563,50],{"class":129},[55,134565,126],{"class":109},[55,134567,163],{"class":65},[55,134569,793],{"class":109},[55,134571,61246],{"class":129},[55,134573,126],{"class":109},[55,134575,163],{"class":65},[55,134577,793],{"class":109},[55,134579,133587],{"class":129},[55,134581,126],{"class":109},[55,134583,924],{"class":65},[55,134585,134586,134588,134590,134592,134594,134596,134598,134600,134602,134604],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,134587,62],{"class":61},[55,134589,66],{"class":65},[55,134591,126],{"class":109},[55,134593,704],{"class":129},[55,134595,126],{"class":109},[55,134597,29],{"class":65},[55,134599,133587],{"class":318},[55,134601,66],{"class":65},[55,134603,42934],{"class":318},[55,134605,79],{"class":65},[14,134607,281],{},[46,134609,134611],{"className":48,"code":134610,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"python-string-join\n",[18,134612,134613],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,134614,134615,134617,134619,134621,134623],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,134616,50],{"class":902},[55,134618,704],{"class":703},[55,134620,61246],{"class":902},[55,134622,704],{"class":703},[55,134624,134625],{"class":902},"join\n",[889,134627,134629,134632],{"id":134628},"join-joins-with-no-separator",[18,134630,134631],{},"\"\".join(...)"," joins with no separator",[46,134634,134636],{"className":48,"code":134635,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"chars = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\"]\nprint(\"\".join(chars))\n",[18,134637,134638,134671],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,134639,134640,134642,134644,134646,134648,134650,134652,134654,134656,134658,134660,134662,134664,134667,134669],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,134641,113007],{"class":902},[55,134643,906],{"class":703},[55,134645,909],{"class":65},[55,134647,126],{"class":109},[55,134649,22297],{"class":129},[55,134651,126],{"class":109},[55,134653,163],{"class":65},[55,134655,793],{"class":109},[55,134657,30656],{"class":129},[55,134659,126],{"class":109},[55,134661,163],{"class":65},[55,134663,793],{"class":109},[55,134665,134666],{"class":129},"C",[55,134668,126],{"class":109},[55,134670,924],{"class":65},[55,134672,134673,134675,134677,134679,134681,134683,134685,134688],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,134674,62],{"class":61},[55,134676,66],{"class":65},[55,134678,110],{"class":109},[55,134680,29],{"class":65},[55,134682,133587],{"class":318},[55,134684,66],{"class":65},[55,134686,134687],{"class":318},"chars",[55,134689,79],{"class":65},[14,134691,281],{},[46,134693,134695],{"className":48,"code":134694,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"ABC\n",[18,134696,134697],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,134698,134699],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,134700,134694],{"class":34511},[41,134702,134704],{"id":134703},"what-types-of-values-work","What types of values work",[14,134706,134707,134709],{},[18,134708,133510],{}," works when every item is already a string.",[889,134711,134713],{"id":134712},"this-works","This works",[46,134715,134717],{"className":48,"code":134716,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = [\"10\", \"20\", \"30\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[18,134718,134719,134751],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,134720,134721,134723,134725,134727,134729,134731,134733,134735,134737,134739,134741,134743,134745,134747,134749],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,134722,4110],{"class":902},[55,134724,906],{"class":703},[55,134726,909],{"class":65},[55,134728,126],{"class":109},[55,134730,376],{"class":129},[55,134732,126],{"class":109},[55,134734,163],{"class":65},[55,134736,793],{"class":109},[55,134738,15802],{"class":129},[55,134740,126],{"class":109},[55,134742,163],{"class":65},[55,134744,793],{"class":109},[55,134746,36903],{"class":129},[55,134748,126],{"class":109},[55,134750,924],{"class":65},[55,134752,134753,134755,134757,134759,134761,134763,134765,134767,134769,134771],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,134754,62],{"class":61},[55,134756,66],{"class":65},[55,134758,126],{"class":109},[55,134760,2493],{"class":129},[55,134762,126],{"class":109},[55,134764,29],{"class":65},[55,134766,133587],{"class":318},[55,134768,66],{"class":65},[55,134770,5642],{"class":318},[55,134772,79],{"class":65},[14,134774,281],{},[46,134776,134778],{"className":48,"code":134777,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"10, 20, 30\n",[18,134779,134780],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,134781,134782,134784,134786,134788,134790],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,134783,376],{"class":75},[55,134785,163],{"class":65},[55,134787,916],{"class":75},[55,134789,163],{"class":65},[55,134791,134792],{"class":75}," 30\n",[889,134794,134796],{"id":134795},"numbers-do-not-work-directly","Numbers do not work directly",[46,134798,134800],{"className":48,"code":134799,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[18,134801,134802,134822],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,134803,134804,134806,134808,134810,134812,134814,134816,134818,134820],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,134805,4110],{"class":902},[55,134807,906],{"class":703},[55,134809,909],{"class":65},[55,134811,93],{"class":75},[55,134813,163],{"class":65},[55,134815,166],{"class":75},[55,134817,163],{"class":65},[55,134819,171],{"class":75},[55,134821,924],{"class":65},[55,134823,134824,134826,134828,134830,134832,134834,134836,134838,134840,134842],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,134825,62],{"class":61},[55,134827,66],{"class":65},[55,134829,126],{"class":109},[55,134831,2493],{"class":129},[55,134833,126],{"class":109},[55,134835,29],{"class":65},[55,134837,133587],{"class":318},[55,134839,66],{"class":65},[55,134841,5642],{"class":318},[55,134843,79],{"class":65},[14,134845,90384,134846,134848],{},[18,134847,3303],{}," because the list contains integers, not strings.",[14,134850,134851],{},"To fix it, convert the values first:",[46,134853,134855],{"className":48,"code":134854,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,134856,134857,134877,134907,134911],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,134858,134859,134861,134863,134865,134867,134869,134871,134873,134875],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,134860,4110],{"class":902},[55,134862,906],{"class":703},[55,134864,909],{"class":65},[55,134866,93],{"class":75},[55,134868,163],{"class":65},[55,134870,166],{"class":75},[55,134872,163],{"class":65},[55,134874,171],{"class":75},[55,134876,924],{"class":65},[55,134878,134879,134881,134883,134885,134887,134889,134891,134893,134895,134897,134899,134901,134903,134905],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,134880,2534],{"class":902},[55,134882,906],{"class":703},[55,134884,793],{"class":109},[55,134886,2493],{"class":129},[55,134888,126],{"class":109},[55,134890,29],{"class":65},[55,134892,133587],{"class":318},[55,134894,66],{"class":65},[55,134896,39923],{"class":61},[55,134898,66],{"class":65},[55,134900,3738],{"class":69},[55,134902,163],{"class":65},[55,134904,4171],{"class":318},[55,134906,79],{"class":65},[55,134908,134909],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,134910,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,134912,134913,134915,134917,134919],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,134914,62],{"class":61},[55,134916,66],{"class":65},[55,134918,2569],{"class":318},[55,134920,322],{"class":65},[14,134922,281],{},[46,134924,134926],{"className":48,"code":134925,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"1, 2, 3\n",[18,134927,134928],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,134929,134930,134932,134934,134936,134938],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,134931,93],{"class":75},[55,134933,163],{"class":65},[55,134935,166],{"class":75},[55,134937,163],{"class":65},[55,134939,2880],{"class":75},[14,134941,134942,134943,29],{},"If you need a clearer explanation of string conversion, see ",[294,134944,3871,134945,3804],{"href":42240},[18,134946,47751],{},[889,134948,134950,134952],{"id":134949},"none-values-do-not-work-directly",[18,134951,481],{}," values do not work directly",[46,134954,134956],{"className":48,"code":134955,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[18,134957,134958,134986],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,134959,134960,134962,134964,134966,134968,134970,134972,134974,134976,134978,134980,134982,134984],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,134961,4110],{"class":902},[55,134963,906],{"class":703},[55,134965,909],{"class":65},[55,134967,126],{"class":109},[55,134969,4364],{"class":129},[55,134971,126],{"class":109},[55,134973,163],{"class":65},[55,134975,4139],{"class":187},[55,134977,163],{"class":65},[55,134979,793],{"class":109},[55,134981,4373],{"class":129},[55,134983,126],{"class":109},[55,134985,924],{"class":65},[55,134987,134988,134990,134992,134994,134996,134998,135000,135002,135004,135006],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,134989,62],{"class":61},[55,134991,66],{"class":65},[55,134993,126],{"class":109},[55,134995,2493],{"class":129},[55,134997,126],{"class":109},[55,134999,29],{"class":65},[55,135001,133587],{"class":318},[55,135003,66],{"class":65},[55,135005,5642],{"class":318},[55,135007,79],{"class":65},[14,135009,135010,135011,29],{},"This also causes a ",[18,135012,3303],{},[14,135014,135015],{},"One fix is to convert values to strings:",[46,135017,135019],{"className":48,"code":135018,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,135020,135021,135049,135079,135083],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,135022,135023,135025,135027,135029,135031,135033,135035,135037,135039,135041,135043,135045,135047],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,135024,4110],{"class":902},[55,135026,906],{"class":703},[55,135028,909],{"class":65},[55,135030,126],{"class":109},[55,135032,4364],{"class":129},[55,135034,126],{"class":109},[55,135036,163],{"class":65},[55,135038,4139],{"class":187},[55,135040,163],{"class":65},[55,135042,793],{"class":109},[55,135044,4373],{"class":129},[55,135046,126],{"class":109},[55,135048,924],{"class":65},[55,135050,135051,135053,135055,135057,135059,135061,135063,135065,135067,135069,135071,135073,135075,135077],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,135052,2534],{"class":902},[55,135054,906],{"class":703},[55,135056,793],{"class":109},[55,135058,2493],{"class":129},[55,135060,126],{"class":109},[55,135062,29],{"class":65},[55,135064,133587],{"class":318},[55,135066,66],{"class":65},[55,135068,39923],{"class":61},[55,135070,66],{"class":65},[55,135072,3738],{"class":69},[55,135074,163],{"class":65},[55,135076,4171],{"class":318},[55,135078,79],{"class":65},[55,135080,135081],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,135082,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,135084,135085,135087,135089,135091],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,135086,62],{"class":61},[55,135088,66],{"class":65},[55,135090,2569],{"class":318},[55,135092,322],{"class":65},[14,135094,281],{},[46,135096,135098],{"className":48,"code":135097,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"apple, None, banana\n",[18,135099,135100],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,135101,135102,135104,135106,135108,135110],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,135103,4364],{"class":902},[55,135105,163],{"class":65},[55,135107,4139],{"class":187},[55,135109,163],{"class":65},[55,135111,135112],{"class":902}," banana\n",[14,135114,135115,135116,135118],{},"Be careful with this approach. Sometimes you may want to remove ",[18,135117,481],{}," values instead of converting them.",[889,135120,135122,135124],{"id":135121},"join-also-works-with-tuples",[18,135123,133510],{}," also works with tuples",[46,135126,135128],{"className":48,"code":135127,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"names = (\"Sam\", \"Lee\", \"Mia\")\nprint(\" \u002F \".join(names))\n",[18,135129,135130,135162],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,135131,135132,135134,135136,135138,135140,135142,135144,135146,135148,135150,135152,135154,135156,135158,135160],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,135133,5281],{"class":902},[55,135135,906],{"class":703},[55,135137,9273],{"class":65},[55,135139,126],{"class":109},[55,135141,796],{"class":129},[55,135143,126],{"class":109},[55,135145,163],{"class":65},[55,135147,793],{"class":109},[55,135149,131516],{"class":129},[55,135151,126],{"class":109},[55,135153,163],{"class":65},[55,135155,793],{"class":109},[55,135157,1049],{"class":129},[55,135159,126],{"class":109},[55,135161,322],{"class":65},[55,135163,135164,135166,135168,135170,135173,135175,135177,135179,135181,135183],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,135165,62],{"class":61},[55,135167,66],{"class":65},[55,135169,126],{"class":109},[55,135171,135172],{"class":129}," \u002F ",[55,135174,126],{"class":109},[55,135176,29],{"class":65},[55,135178,133587],{"class":318},[55,135180,66],{"class":65},[55,135182,5325],{"class":318},[55,135184,79],{"class":65},[14,135186,281],{},[46,135188,135190],{"className":48,"code":135189,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Sam \u002F Lee \u002F Mia\n",[18,135191,135192],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,135193,135194,135197,135199,135202,135204],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,135195,135196],{"class":902},"Sam ",[55,135198,127320],{"class":703},[55,135200,135201],{"class":902}," Lee ",[55,135203,127320],{"class":703},[55,135205,22386],{"class":902},[41,135207,135209,135210],{"id":135208},"common-errors-with-join","Common errors with ",[18,135211,133510],{},[14,135213,135214],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes.",[889,135216,135218,135219,135221],{"id":135217},"_1-typeerror-because-not-all-items-are-strings","1. ",[18,135220,3303],{}," because not all items are strings",[46,135223,135225],{"className":48,"code":135224,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(items))\n",[18,135226,135227,135255],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,135228,135229,135231,135233,135235,135237,135239,135241,135243,135245,135247,135249,135251,135253],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,135230,903],{"class":902},[55,135232,906],{"class":703},[55,135234,909],{"class":65},[55,135236,126],{"class":109},[55,135238,294],{"class":129},[55,135240,126],{"class":109},[55,135242,163],{"class":65},[55,135244,166],{"class":75},[55,135246,163],{"class":65},[55,135248,793],{"class":109},[55,135250,9777],{"class":129},[55,135252,126],{"class":109},[55,135254,924],{"class":65},[55,135256,135257,135259,135261,135263,135265,135267,135269,135271,135273],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,135258,62],{"class":61},[55,135260,66],{"class":65},[55,135262,126],{"class":109},[55,135264,793],{"class":109},[55,135266,29],{"class":65},[55,135268,133587],{"class":318},[55,135270,66],{"class":65},[55,135272,937],{"class":318},[55,135274,79],{"class":65},[14,135276,48578,135277,135279],{},[18,135278,707],{}," is an integer.",[14,135281,39325],{},[46,135283,135285],{"className":48,"code":135284,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(map(str, items)))\n",[18,135286,135287,135315],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,135288,135289,135291,135293,135295,135297,135299,135301,135303,135305,135307,135309,135311,135313],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,135290,903],{"class":902},[55,135292,906],{"class":703},[55,135294,909],{"class":65},[55,135296,126],{"class":109},[55,135298,294],{"class":129},[55,135300,126],{"class":109},[55,135302,163],{"class":65},[55,135304,166],{"class":75},[55,135306,163],{"class":65},[55,135308,793],{"class":109},[55,135310,9777],{"class":129},[55,135312,126],{"class":109},[55,135314,924],{"class":65},[55,135316,135317,135319,135321,135323,135325,135327,135329,135331,135333,135335,135337,135339,135341],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,135318,62],{"class":61},[55,135320,66],{"class":65},[55,135322,126],{"class":109},[55,135324,793],{"class":109},[55,135326,29],{"class":65},[55,135328,133587],{"class":318},[55,135330,66],{"class":65},[55,135332,39923],{"class":61},[55,135334,66],{"class":65},[55,135336,3738],{"class":69},[55,135338,163],{"class":65},[55,135340,6244],{"class":318},[55,135342,769],{"class":65},[14,135344,135345,135346,29],{},"If you see an error like this, read ",[294,135347,25733,135349],{"href":135348},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-sequence-item-0-expected-str-instance-fix\u002F",[18,135350,135351],{},"TypeError: sequence item 0: expected str instance",[889,135353,135355,135356,135358],{"id":135354},"_2-calling-join-on-a-list-instead-of-a-string","2. Calling ",[18,135357,133510],{}," on a list instead of a string",[14,135360,4810],{},[46,135362,135364],{"className":48,"code":135363,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = words.join(\" \")\n",[18,135365,135366,135398],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,135367,135368,135370,135372,135374,135376,135378,135380,135382,135384,135386,135388,135390,135392,135394,135396],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,135369,4355],{"class":902},[55,135371,906],{"class":703},[55,135373,909],{"class":65},[55,135375,126],{"class":109},[55,135377,393],{"class":129},[55,135379,126],{"class":109},[55,135381,163],{"class":65},[55,135383,793],{"class":109},[55,135385,12237],{"class":129},[55,135387,126],{"class":109},[55,135389,163],{"class":65},[55,135391,793],{"class":109},[55,135393,133568],{"class":129},[55,135395,126],{"class":109},[55,135397,924],{"class":65},[55,135399,135400,135402,135404,135406,135408,135410,135412,135414,135416],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,135401,2534],{"class":902},[55,135403,906],{"class":703},[55,135405,6447],{"class":902},[55,135407,29],{"class":65},[55,135409,133587],{"class":318},[55,135411,66],{"class":65},[55,135413,126],{"class":109},[55,135415,793],{"class":109},[55,135417,322],{"class":65},[14,135419,135420,135422],{},[18,135421,133510],{}," is a string method, not a list method.",[14,135424,10847],{},[46,135426,135428],{"className":48,"code":135427,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,135429,135430,135462,135482,135486],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,135431,135432,135434,135436,135438,135440,135442,135444,135446,135448,135450,135452,135454,135456,135458,135460],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,135433,4355],{"class":902},[55,135435,906],{"class":703},[55,135437,909],{"class":65},[55,135439,126],{"class":109},[55,135441,393],{"class":129},[55,135443,126],{"class":109},[55,135445,163],{"class":65},[55,135447,793],{"class":109},[55,135449,12237],{"class":129},[55,135451,126],{"class":109},[55,135453,163],{"class":65},[55,135455,793],{"class":109},[55,135457,133568],{"class":129},[55,135459,126],{"class":109},[55,135461,924],{"class":65},[55,135463,135464,135466,135468,135470,135472,135474,135476,135478,135480],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,135465,2534],{"class":902},[55,135467,906],{"class":703},[55,135469,793],{"class":109},[55,135471,793],{"class":109},[55,135473,29],{"class":65},[55,135475,133587],{"class":318},[55,135477,66],{"class":65},[55,135479,4399],{"class":318},[55,135481,322],{"class":65},[55,135483,135484],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,135485,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,135487,135488,135490,135492,135494],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,135489,62],{"class":61},[55,135491,66],{"class":65},[55,135493,2569],{"class":318},[55,135495,322],{"class":65},[889,135497,135499],{"id":135498},"_3-using-the-wrong-separator","3. Using the wrong separator",[46,135501,135503],{"className":48,"code":135502,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[18,135504,135505,135537],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,135506,135507,135509,135511,135513,135515,135517,135519,135521,135523,135525,135527,135529,135531,135533,135535],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,135508,4355],{"class":902},[55,135510,906],{"class":703},[55,135512,909],{"class":65},[55,135514,126],{"class":109},[55,135516,6860],{"class":129},[55,135518,126],{"class":109},[55,135520,163],{"class":65},[55,135522,793],{"class":109},[55,135524,79344],{"class":129},[55,135526,126],{"class":109},[55,135528,163],{"class":65},[55,135530,793],{"class":109},[55,135532,134314],{"class":129},[55,135534,126],{"class":109},[55,135536,924],{"class":65},[55,135538,135539,135541,135543,135545,135547,135549,135551,135553],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,135540,62],{"class":61},[55,135542,66],{"class":65},[55,135544,110],{"class":109},[55,135546,29],{"class":65},[55,135548,133587],{"class":318},[55,135550,66],{"class":65},[55,135552,4399],{"class":318},[55,135554,79],{"class":65},[14,135556,281],{},[46,135558,135560],{"className":48,"code":135559,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"onetwothree\n",[18,135561,135562],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,135563,135564],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,135565,135559],{"class":902},[14,135567,135568,135569,6906],{},"If you wanted spaces, use ",[18,135570,133655],{},[889,135572,135574,135575,131778],{"id":135573},"_4-forgetting-that-join-returns-a-new-string","4. Forgetting that ",[18,135576,133510],{},[46,135578,135580],{"className":48,"code":135579,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(words)\n",[18,135581,135582,135614,135632,135636],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,135583,135584,135586,135588,135590,135592,135594,135596,135598,135600,135602,135604,135606,135608,135610,135612],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,135585,4355],{"class":902},[55,135587,906],{"class":703},[55,135589,909],{"class":65},[55,135591,126],{"class":109},[55,135593,294],{"class":129},[55,135595,126],{"class":109},[55,135597,163],{"class":65},[55,135599,793],{"class":109},[55,135601,5046],{"class":129},[55,135603,126],{"class":109},[55,135605,163],{"class":65},[55,135607,793],{"class":109},[55,135609,9777],{"class":129},[55,135611,126],{"class":109},[55,135613,924],{"class":65},[55,135615,135616,135618,135620,135622,135624,135626,135628,135630],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,135617,126],{"class":43394},[55,135619,704],{"class":43398},[55,135621,126],{"class":43394},[55,135623,29],{"class":65},[55,135625,133587],{"class":318},[55,135627,66],{"class":65},[55,135629,4399],{"class":318},[55,135631,322],{"class":65},[55,135633,135634],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,135635,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,135637,135638,135640,135642,135644],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,135639,62],{"class":61},[55,135641,66],{"class":65},[55,135643,4399],{"class":318},[55,135645,322],{"class":65},[14,135647,281],{},[46,135649,135650],{"className":48,"code":42941,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,135651,135652],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,135653,135654,135656,135658,135660,135662,135664,135666,135668,135670,135672,135674,135676,135678],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,135655,4186],{"class":65},[55,135657,1923],{"class":109},[55,135659,294],{"class":129},[55,135661,1923],{"class":109},[55,135663,163],{"class":65},[55,135665,1918],{"class":109},[55,135667,5046],{"class":129},[55,135669,1923],{"class":109},[55,135671,163],{"class":65},[55,135673,1918],{"class":109},[55,135675,9777],{"class":129},[55,135677,1923],{"class":109},[55,135679,924],{"class":65},[14,135681,135682,135683,135685],{},"The list is unchanged because ",[18,135684,133510],{}," returns a new string. You need to store or print the result.",[41,135687,135689,135691,135692],{"id":135688},"join-vs-concatenation-with",[18,135690,133510],{}," vs concatenation with ",[18,135693,2363],{},[14,135695,10629,135696,4679,135698,135700],{},[18,135697,133510],{},[18,135699,2363],{}," can combine strings, but they are used in different situations.",[889,135702,212,135704,135706],{"id":135703},"use-for-a-small-number-of-fixed-strings",[18,135705,2363],{}," for a small number of fixed strings",[46,135708,135710],{"className":48,"code":135709,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"first = \"Hello\"\nsecond = \"World\"\nresult = first + \" \" + second\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,135711,135712,135725,135738,135758,135762],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,135713,135714,135717,135719,135721,135723],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,135715,135716],{"class":902},"first ",[55,135718,906],{"class":703},[55,135720,793],{"class":109},[55,135722,34926],{"class":129},[55,135724,1052],{"class":109},[55,135726,135727,135730,135732,135734,135736],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,135728,135729],{"class":902},"second ",[55,135731,906],{"class":703},[55,135733,793],{"class":109},[55,135735,89813],{"class":129},[55,135737,1052],{"class":109},[55,135739,135740,135742,135744,135747,135749,135751,135753,135755],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,135741,2534],{"class":902},[55,135743,906],{"class":703},[55,135745,135746],{"class":902}," first ",[55,135748,2363],{"class":703},[55,135750,793],{"class":109},[55,135752,793],{"class":109},[55,135754,2756],{"class":703},[55,135756,135757],{"class":902}," second\n",[55,135759,135760],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,135761,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,135763,135764,135766,135768,135770],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,135765,62],{"class":61},[55,135767,66],{"class":65},[55,135769,2569],{"class":318},[55,135771,322],{"class":65},[14,135773,281],{},[46,135775,135777],{"className":48,"code":135776,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Hello World\n",[18,135778,135779],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,135780,135781],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,135782,135776],{"class":902},[889,135784,212,135786,135788],{"id":135785},"use-join-for-many-strings-or-a-list-of-strings",[18,135787,133510],{}," for many strings or a list of strings",[46,135790,135792],{"className":48,"code":135791,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"Python\", \"makes\", \"this\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,135793,135794,135836,135856,135860],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,135795,135796,135798,135800,135802,135804,135806,135808,135810,135812,135815,135817,135819,135821,135824,135826,135828,135830,135832,135834],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,135797,4355],{"class":902},[55,135799,906],{"class":703},[55,135801,909],{"class":65},[55,135803,126],{"class":109},[55,135805,393],{"class":129},[55,135807,126],{"class":109},[55,135809,163],{"class":65},[55,135811,793],{"class":109},[55,135813,135814],{"class":129},"makes",[55,135816,126],{"class":109},[55,135818,163],{"class":65},[55,135820,793],{"class":109},[55,135822,135823],{"class":129},"this",[55,135825,126],{"class":109},[55,135827,163],{"class":65},[55,135829,793],{"class":109},[55,135831,134009],{"class":129},[55,135833,126],{"class":109},[55,135835,924],{"class":65},[55,135837,135838,135840,135842,135844,135846,135848,135850,135852,135854],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,135839,2534],{"class":902},[55,135841,906],{"class":703},[55,135843,793],{"class":109},[55,135845,793],{"class":109},[55,135847,29],{"class":65},[55,135849,133587],{"class":318},[55,135851,66],{"class":65},[55,135853,4399],{"class":318},[55,135855,322],{"class":65},[55,135857,135858],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,135859,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,135861,135862,135864,135866,135868],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,135863,62],{"class":61},[55,135865,66],{"class":65},[55,135867,2569],{"class":318},[55,135869,322],{"class":65},[14,135871,281],{},[46,135873,135875],{"className":48,"code":135874,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Python makes this easy\n",[18,135876,135877],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,135878,135879],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,135880,135874],{"class":902},[14,135882,135883,135885],{},[18,135884,133510],{}," is usually cleaner when:",[240,135887,135888,135891,135894],{},[243,135889,135890],{},"You already have a list of strings",[243,135892,135893],{},"You want the same separator between every item",[243,135895,135896,135897,135899],{},"You want to avoid writing many ",[18,135898,2363],{}," operators",[14,135901,135902,135903,29],{},"For a task-focused guide, see ",[294,135904,135906],{"href":135905},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-join-strings-in-python\u002F","how to join strings in Python",[41,135908,135910],{"id":135909},"common-mistakes-to-check","Common mistakes to check",[14,135912,2029,135913,135915],{},[18,135914,133510],{}," is not working, check these first:",[240,135917,135918,135921,135926,135935,135941],{},[243,135919,135920],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains integers",[243,135922,135923,135924],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains ",[18,135925,481],{},[243,135927,135928,135929,11132,135932],{},"You may have written ",[18,135930,135931],{},"list.join(...)",[18,135933,135934],{},"string.join(...)",[243,135936,135937,135938,135940],{},"You may be expecting ",[18,135939,133510],{}," to change the original iterable",[243,135942,135943],{},"You may have passed a non-iterable value",[14,135945,94453],{},[46,135947,135949],{"className":48,"code":135948,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(type(items))\nprint(items)\nprint([type(item) for item in items])\nprint(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))\nprint(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))\n",[18,135950,135951,135965,135975,135999,136039],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,135952,135953,135955,135957,135959,135961,135963],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,135954,62],{"class":61},[55,135956,66],{"class":65},[55,135958,1879],{"class":69},[55,135960,66],{"class":65},[55,135962,937],{"class":318},[55,135964,79],{"class":65},[55,135966,135967,135969,135971,135973],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,135968,62],{"class":61},[55,135970,66],{"class":65},[55,135972,937],{"class":318},[55,135974,322],{"class":65},[55,135976,135977,135979,135981,135983,135985,135987,135989,135991,135993,135995,135997],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,135978,62],{"class":61},[55,135980,158],{"class":65},[55,135982,1879],{"class":69},[55,135984,66],{"class":65},[55,135986,23363],{"class":318},[55,135988,3953],{"class":65},[55,135990,4162],{"class":1193},[55,135992,6239],{"class":318},[55,135994,4168],{"class":1193},[55,135996,6244],{"class":318},[55,135998,4174],{"class":65},[55,136000,136001,136003,136005,136007,136009,136011,136013,136015,136017,136019,136021,136023,136025,136027,136029,136031,136033,136035,136037],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,136002,62],{"class":61},[55,136004,66],{"class":65},[55,136006,1923],{"class":109},[55,136008,1918],{"class":109},[55,136010,29],{"class":65},[55,136012,133587],{"class":318},[55,136014,158],{"class":65},[55,136016,1923],{"class":109},[55,136018,294],{"class":129},[55,136020,1923],{"class":109},[55,136022,163],{"class":65},[55,136024,1918],{"class":109},[55,136026,5046],{"class":129},[55,136028,1923],{"class":109},[55,136030,163],{"class":65},[55,136032,1918],{"class":109},[55,136034,9777],{"class":129},[55,136036,1923],{"class":109},[55,136038,174],{"class":65},[55,136040,136041,136043,136045,136047,136049,136051,136053,136055,136057,136059,136061,136063,136065,136067,136069,136071,136073,136075,136077],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,136042,62],{"class":61},[55,136044,66],{"class":65},[55,136046,1923],{"class":109},[55,136048,2493],{"class":129},[55,136050,1923],{"class":109},[55,136052,29],{"class":65},[55,136054,133587],{"class":318},[55,136056,66],{"class":65},[55,136058,39923],{"class":61},[55,136060,66],{"class":65},[55,136062,3738],{"class":69},[55,136064,163],{"class":65},[55,136066,909],{"class":65},[55,136068,93],{"class":75},[55,136070,163],{"class":65},[55,136072,166],{"class":75},[55,136074,163],{"class":65},[55,136076,171],{"class":75},[55,136078,37327],{"class":65},[14,136080,136081],{},"What these checks do:",[240,136083,136084,136092,136098,136104,136113],{},[243,136085,136086,136089,136090,1232],{},[18,136087,136088],{},"print(type(items))"," shows what kind of value ",[18,136091,937],{},[243,136093,136094,136097],{},[18,136095,136096],{},"print(items)"," shows the actual contents",[243,136099,136100,136103],{},[18,136101,136102],{},"print([type(item) for item in items])"," shows the type of each item",[243,136105,136106,136109,136110,136112],{},[18,136107,136108],{},"print(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))"," confirms normal ",[18,136111,133510],{}," behavior",[243,136114,136115,136118],{},[18,136116,136117],{},"print(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))"," shows how to join numbers after converting them",[41,136120,2139],{"id":2138},[889,136122,12748,136124,136126],{"id":136123},"does-join-work-with-numbers",[18,136125,133510],{}," work with numbers?",[14,136128,136129,136130,136132,136133,29],{},"Not directly. ",[18,136131,133510],{}," needs strings. Convert numbers first, for example with ",[18,136134,136135],{},"map(str, values)",[889,136137,12748,136139,57234],{"id":136138},"does-join-change-the-original-list",[18,136140,133510],{},[14,136142,136143],{},"No. It returns a new string and leaves the original list unchanged.",[889,136145,28383,136147,62707],{"id":136146},"can-i-use-join-with-a-tuple",[18,136148,133510],{},[14,136150,42217,136151,136153],{},[18,136152,133510],{}," works with any iterable of strings, including tuples.",[889,136155,5429,136157,40024],{"id":136156},"what-does-joinwords-do",[18,136158,136159],{},"''.join(words)",[14,136161,136162],{},"It joins the strings without adding any separator between them.",[889,136164,136166,136167,136169,136170,2794],{"id":136165},"why-do-i-get-typeerror-when-using-join","Why do I get ",[18,136168,3303],{}," when using ",[18,136171,133510],{},[14,136173,136174],{},"Usually because at least one item in the iterable is not a string.",[41,136176,2193],{"id":2192},[240,136178,136179,136184,136190,136196,136202],{},[243,136180,136181],{},[294,136182,136183],{"href":135905},"How to join strings in Python",[243,136185,136186],{},[294,136187,126428,136188,10780],{"href":129115},[18,136189,60603],{},[243,136191,136192],{},[294,136193,3871,136194,3804],{"href":42240},[18,136195,47751],{},[243,136197,136198],{},[294,136199,30403,136200],{"href":135348},[18,136201,135351],{},[243,136203,136204],{},[294,136205,125183],{"href":51044},[14,136207,97423,136208,136210],{},[18,136209,133510],{},", you can use it in real tasks like formatting full names, building comma-separated text, and combining words from a list into a single string.",[2226,136212,136213],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":136215},[136216,136217,136219,136222,136229,136239,136247,136257,136264,136265,136277],{"id":43,"depth":82,"text":44},{"id":133627,"depth":82,"text":136218},"What join() does",{"id":2459,"depth":82,"text":2460,"children":136220},[136221],{"id":49077,"depth":98,"text":49078},{"id":121958,"depth":82,"text":121959,"children":136223},[136224,136225,136226,136227],{"id":133974,"depth":98,"text":133975},{"id":134066,"depth":98,"text":134067},{"id":134167,"depth":98,"text":134168},{"id":134276,"depth":98,"text":136228},"Show that join() returns the result",{"id":134379,"depth":82,"text":134380,"children":136230},[136231,136233,136235,136237],{"id":134386,"depth":98,"text":136232},"\" \".join(...) adds spaces",{"id":134453,"depth":98,"text":136234},"\", \".join(...) creates comma-separated text",{"id":134542,"depth":98,"text":136236},"\"-\".join(...) is useful for slugs or IDs",{"id":134628,"depth":98,"text":136238},"\"\".join(...) joins with no separator",{"id":134703,"depth":82,"text":134704,"children":136240},[136241,136242,136243,136245],{"id":134712,"depth":98,"text":134713},{"id":134795,"depth":98,"text":134796},{"id":134949,"depth":98,"text":136244},"None values do not work directly",{"id":135121,"depth":98,"text":136246},"join() also works with tuples",{"id":135208,"depth":82,"text":136248,"children":136249},"Common errors with join()",[136250,136252,136254,136255],{"id":135217,"depth":98,"text":136251},"1. TypeError because not all items are strings",{"id":135354,"depth":98,"text":136253},"2. Calling join() on a list instead of a string",{"id":135498,"depth":98,"text":135499},{"id":135573,"depth":98,"text":136256},"4. Forgetting that join() returns a new string",{"id":135688,"depth":82,"text":136258,"children":136259},"join() vs concatenation with +",[136260,136262],{"id":135703,"depth":98,"text":136261},"Use + for a small number of fixed strings",{"id":135785,"depth":98,"text":136263},"Use join() for many strings or a list of strings",{"id":135909,"depth":82,"text":135910},{"id":2138,"depth":82,"text":2139,"children":136266},[136267,136269,136271,136273,136275],{"id":136123,"depth":98,"text":136268},"Does join() work with numbers?",{"id":136138,"depth":98,"text":136270},"Does join() change the original list?",{"id":136146,"depth":98,"text":136272},"Can I use join() with a tuple?",{"id":136156,"depth":98,"text":136274},"What does ''.join(words) do?",{"id":136165,"depth":98,"text":136276},"Why do I get TypeError when using join()?",{"id":2192,"depth":82,"text":2193},"Master python string join method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method",{"title":133502,"description":136278},"reference\u002Fpython-string-join-method","PADX964Q2s6BEP50kMkmDZLOlBbvj8gTOpZn-HkZGPA",{"id":136285,"title":136286,"body":136287,"description":137855,"extension":2267,"meta":137856,"navigation":1121,"path":137857,"seo":137858,"stem":137859,"__hash__":137860},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method.md","Python String lower() Method",{"type":7,"value":136288,"toc":137822},[136289,136294,136299,136301,136315,136360,136367,136372,136377,136379,136395,136404,136406,136408,136423,136425,136435,136437,136499,136501,136504,136565,136567,136583,136585,136598,136601,136648,136650,136656,136659,136662,136722,136730,136816,136820,136825,136827,136841,136844,136929,136932,136990,137001,137056,137058,137065,137071,137077,137121,137124,137171,137173,137175,137182,137184,137215,137218,137220,137251,137255,137258,137260,137300,137302,137345,137351,137356,137358,137385,137390,137393,137442,137446,137449,137524,137535,137538,137595,137602,137608,137616,137621,137628,137635,137653,137655,137709,137717,137719,137724,137727,137733,137739,137744,137747,137753,137759,137766,137774,137776,137819],[10,136290,123428,136292,11363],{"id":136291},"python-string-lower-method",[18,136293,124158],{},[14,136295,123433,136296,136298],{},[18,136297,124158],{}," method returns a lowercase version of a string.",[14,136300,24140],{},[240,136302,136303,136306,136309,136312],{},[243,136304,136305],{},"convert text to lowercase",[243,136307,136308],{},"compare text without case differences",[243,136310,136311],{},"clean up user input",[243,136313,136314],{},"make simple text matching easier",[46,136316,136318],{"className":48,"code":136317,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\nresult = text.lower()\nprint(result)  # hello world\n",[18,136319,136320,136333,136347],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,136321,136322,136324,136326,136328,136331],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,136323,34746],{"class":902},[55,136325,906],{"class":703},[55,136327,793],{"class":109},[55,136329,136330],{"class":129},"Hello WORLD",[55,136332,1052],{"class":109},[55,136334,136335,136337,136339,136341,136343,136345],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,136336,2534],{"class":902},[55,136338,906],{"class":703},[55,136340,42907],{"class":902},[55,136342,29],{"class":65},[55,136344,1786],{"class":318},[55,136346,1789],{"class":65},[55,136348,136349,136351,136353,136355,136357],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,136350,62],{"class":61},[55,136352,66],{"class":65},[55,136354,2569],{"class":318},[55,136356,3953],{"class":65},[55,136358,136359],{"class":3956},"  # hello world\n",[14,136361,136362,89036,136364,136366],{},[435,136363,83894],{},[18,136365,124158],{}," returns a new string. It does not change the original string in place.",[41,136368,3970,136370,3973],{"id":136369},"what-lower-does",[18,136371,124158],{},[14,136373,136374,136376],{},[18,136375,124158],{}," is a string method that changes uppercase letters to lowercase letters.",[14,136378,13097],{},[240,136380,136381,136386,136389,136392],{},[243,136382,136383,136385],{},[18,136384,124158],{}," returns a lowercase version of a string",[243,136387,136388],{},"It works on string objects",[243,136390,136391],{},"It creates and returns a new string",[243,136393,136394],{},"The original string stays unchanged",[14,136396,125180,136397,136401,136402,29],{},[294,136398,136400],{"href":136399},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-string-in-python\u002F","what a string is in Python"," or learn more in ",[294,136403,51045],{"href":51044},[41,136405,2460],{"id":2459},[14,136407,2463],{},[46,136409,136411],{"className":48,"code":136410,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"string.lower()\n",[18,136412,136413],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,136414,136415,136417,136419,136421],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,136416,61246],{"class":902},[55,136418,29],{"class":65},[55,136420,1786],{"class":318},[55,136422,1789],{"class":65},[14,136424,43716],{},[240,136426,136427,136429,136432],{},[243,136428,97601],{},[243,136430,136431],{},"You call it directly on a string",[243,136433,136434],{},"You can use it on a string literal or a string variable",[14,136436,358],{},[46,136438,136440],{"className":48,"code":136439,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(\"HELLO\".lower())  # hello\n\nname = \"PyThOn\"\nprint(name.lower())  # python\n",[18,136441,136442,136465,136469,136482],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,136443,136444,136446,136448,136450,136453,136455,136457,136459,136462],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,136445,62],{"class":61},[55,136447,66],{"class":65},[55,136449,126],{"class":109},[55,136451,136452],{"class":129},"HELLO",[55,136454,126],{"class":109},[55,136456,29],{"class":65},[55,136458,1786],{"class":318},[55,136460,136461],{"class":65},"())",[55,136463,136464],{"class":3956},"  # hello\n",[55,136466,136467],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,136468,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,136470,136471,136473,136475,136477,136480],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,136472,1004],{"class":902},[55,136474,906],{"class":703},[55,136476,793],{"class":109},[55,136478,136479],{"class":129},"PyThOn",[55,136481,1052],{"class":109},[55,136483,136484,136486,136488,136490,136492,136494,136496],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,136485,62],{"class":61},[55,136487,66],{"class":65},[55,136489,785],{"class":318},[55,136491,29],{"class":65},[55,136493,1786],{"class":318},[55,136495,136461],{"class":65},[55,136497,136498],{"class":3956},"  # python\n",[41,136500,11517],{"id":11516},[14,136502,136503],{},"Here is a basic example with a variable:",[46,136505,136507],{"className":48,"code":136506,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\n\nlower_text = text.lower()\n\nprint(lower_text)\nprint(text)\n",[18,136508,136509,136521,136525,136540,136544,136555],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,136510,136511,136513,136515,136517,136519],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,136512,34746],{"class":902},[55,136514,906],{"class":703},[55,136516,793],{"class":109},[55,136518,136330],{"class":129},[55,136520,1052],{"class":109},[55,136522,136523],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,136524,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,136526,136527,136530,136532,136534,136536,136538],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,136528,136529],{"class":902},"lower_text ",[55,136531,906],{"class":703},[55,136533,42907],{"class":902},[55,136535,29],{"class":65},[55,136537,1786],{"class":318},[55,136539,1789],{"class":65},[55,136541,136542],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,136543,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,136545,136546,136548,136550,136553],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,136547,62],{"class":61},[55,136549,66],{"class":65},[55,136551,136552],{"class":318},"lower_text",[55,136554,322],{"class":65},[55,136556,136557,136559,136561,136563],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,136558,62],{"class":61},[55,136560,66],{"class":65},[55,136562,34767],{"class":318},[55,136564,322],{"class":65},[14,136566,281],{},[46,136568,136570],{"className":48,"code":136569,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"hello world\nHello WORLD\n",[18,136571,136572,136576],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,136573,136574],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,136575,134444],{"class":902},[55,136577,136578,136580],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,136579,131844],{"class":902},[55,136581,136582],{"class":34511},"WORLD\n",[14,136584,24660],{},[240,136586,136587,136592],{},[243,136588,136589,136591],{},[18,136590,124158],{}," returns the lowercase result",[243,136593,136594,136595,136597],{},"the original ",[18,136596,34767],{}," variable does not change unless you reassign it",[14,136599,136600],{},"If you want to keep the lowercase version in the same variable, reassign it:",[46,136602,136604],{"className":48,"code":136603,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello world\n",[18,136605,136606,136618,136632,136636],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,136607,136608,136610,136612,136614,136616],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,136609,34746],{"class":902},[55,136611,906],{"class":703},[55,136613,793],{"class":109},[55,136615,136330],{"class":129},[55,136617,1052],{"class":109},[55,136619,136620,136622,136624,136626,136628,136630],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,136621,34746],{"class":902},[55,136623,906],{"class":703},[55,136625,42907],{"class":902},[55,136627,29],{"class":65},[55,136629,1786],{"class":318},[55,136631,1789],{"class":65},[55,136633,136634],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,136635,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,136637,136638,136640,136642,136644,136646],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,136639,62],{"class":61},[55,136641,66],{"class":65},[55,136643,34767],{"class":318},[55,136645,3953],{"class":65},[55,136647,136359],{"class":3956},[41,136649,17468],{"id":17467},[14,136651,136652,22027,136654,29],{},[18,136653,124158],{},[435,136655,61246],{},[14,136657,136658],{},"That means you can store the result in a variable, print it, or use it in comparisons.",[14,136660,136661],{},"A common beginner use case is comparing text in a case-insensitive way:",[46,136663,136665],{"className":48,"code":136664,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"answer = \"YES\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Correct\")\n",[18,136666,136667,136681,136685,136708],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,136668,136669,136672,136674,136676,136679],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,136670,136671],{"class":902},"answer ",[55,136673,906],{"class":703},[55,136675,793],{"class":109},[55,136677,136678],{"class":129},"YES",[55,136680,1052],{"class":109},[55,136682,136683],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,136684,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,136686,136687,136689,136692,136694,136696,136698,136700,136702,136704,136706],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,136688,38],{"class":1193},[55,136690,136691],{"class":902}," answer",[55,136693,29],{"class":65},[55,136695,1786],{"class":318},[55,136697,466],{"class":65},[55,136699,6684],{"class":703},[55,136701,793],{"class":109},[55,136703,1804],{"class":129},[55,136705,126],{"class":109},[55,136707,1199],{"class":65},[55,136709,136710,136712,136714,136716,136718,136720],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,136711,1204],{"class":61},[55,136713,66],{"class":65},[55,136715,126],{"class":109},[55,136717,96910],{"class":129},[55,136719,126],{"class":109},[55,136721,322],{"class":65},[14,136723,136724,136725,790],{},"This is especially useful with ",[294,136726,136727,136728,2607],{"href":1356},"the ",[18,136729,1359],{},[46,136731,136733],{"className":48,"code":136732,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"answer = input(\"Type yes or no: \")\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"You typed yes\")\nelse:\n    print(\"You typed something else\")\n",[18,136734,136735,136754,136758,136780,136795,136801],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,136736,136737,136739,136741,136743,136745,136747,136750,136752],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,136738,136671],{"class":902},[55,136740,906],{"class":703},[55,136742,1380],{"class":61},[55,136744,66],{"class":65},[55,136746,126],{"class":109},[55,136748,136749],{"class":129},"Type yes or no: ",[55,136751,126],{"class":109},[55,136753,322],{"class":65},[55,136755,136756],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,136757,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,136759,136760,136762,136764,136766,136768,136770,136772,136774,136776,136778],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,136761,38],{"class":1193},[55,136763,136691],{"class":902},[55,136765,29],{"class":65},[55,136767,1786],{"class":318},[55,136769,466],{"class":65},[55,136771,6684],{"class":703},[55,136773,793],{"class":109},[55,136775,1804],{"class":129},[55,136777,126],{"class":109},[55,136779,1199],{"class":65},[55,136781,136782,136784,136786,136788,136791,136793],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,136783,1204],{"class":61},[55,136785,66],{"class":65},[55,136787,126],{"class":109},[55,136789,136790],{"class":129},"You typed yes",[55,136792,126],{"class":109},[55,136794,322],{"class":65},[55,136796,136797,136799],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,136798,27488],{"class":1193},[55,136800,1199],{"class":65},[55,136802,136803,136805,136807,136809,136812,136814],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,136804,1204],{"class":61},[55,136806,66],{"class":65},[55,136808,126],{"class":109},[55,136810,136811],{"class":129},"You typed something else",[55,136813,126],{"class":109},[55,136815,322],{"class":65},[41,136817,136819],{"id":136818},"common-use-cases","Common use cases",[14,136821,136822,136824],{},[18,136823,124158],{}," is often used to normalize text before working with it.",[14,136826,441],{},[240,136828,136829,136832,136835,136838],{},[243,136830,136831],{},"Normalize user input before comparison",[243,136833,136834],{},"Make text matching easier",[243,136836,136837],{},"Prepare text for simple searches",[243,136839,136840],{},"Clean mixed-case data",[14,136842,136843],{},"Example: checking user input",[46,136845,136847],{"className":48,"code":136846,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\n\nif color.lower() == \"blue\":\n    print(\"Nice choice!\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Got it.\")\n",[18,136848,136849,136867,136871,136893,136908,136914],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,136850,136851,136853,136855,136857,136859,136861,136863,136865],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,136852,45025],{"class":902},[55,136854,906],{"class":703},[55,136856,1380],{"class":61},[55,136858,66],{"class":65},[55,136860,126],{"class":109},[55,136862,45036],{"class":129},[55,136864,126],{"class":109},[55,136866,322],{"class":65},[55,136868,136869],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,136870,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,136872,136873,136875,136877,136879,136881,136883,136885,136887,136889,136891],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,136874,38],{"class":1193},[55,136876,35911],{"class":902},[55,136878,29],{"class":65},[55,136880,1786],{"class":318},[55,136882,466],{"class":65},[55,136884,6684],{"class":703},[55,136886,793],{"class":109},[55,136888,13155],{"class":129},[55,136890,126],{"class":109},[55,136892,1199],{"class":65},[55,136894,136895,136897,136899,136901,136904,136906],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,136896,1204],{"class":61},[55,136898,66],{"class":65},[55,136900,126],{"class":109},[55,136902,136903],{"class":129},"Nice choice!",[55,136905,126],{"class":109},[55,136907,322],{"class":65},[55,136909,136910,136912],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,136911,27488],{"class":1193},[55,136913,1199],{"class":65},[55,136915,136916,136918,136920,136922,136925,136927],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,136917,1204],{"class":61},[55,136919,66],{"class":65},[55,136921,126],{"class":109},[55,136923,136924],{"class":129},"Got it.",[55,136926,126],{"class":109},[55,136928,322],{"class":65},[14,136930,136931],{},"Example: simple search",[46,136933,136935],{"className":48,"code":136934,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"message = \"Python Is Fun\"\n\nif \"python\" in message.lower():\n    print(\"Found it\")\n",[18,136936,136937,136950,136954,136975],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,136938,136939,136941,136943,136945,136948],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,136940,90080],{"class":902},[55,136942,906],{"class":703},[55,136944,793],{"class":109},[55,136946,136947],{"class":129},"Python Is Fun",[55,136949,1052],{"class":109},[55,136951,136952],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,136953,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,136955,136956,136958,136960,136962,136964,136966,136969,136971,136973],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,136957,38],{"class":1193},[55,136959,793],{"class":109},[55,136961,50],{"class":129},[55,136963,126],{"class":109},[55,136965,21225],{"class":703},[55,136967,136968],{"class":902}," message",[55,136970,29],{"class":65},[55,136972,1786],{"class":318},[55,136974,21647],{"class":65},[55,136976,136977,136979,136981,136983,136986,136988],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,136978,1204],{"class":61},[55,136980,66],{"class":65},[55,136982,126],{"class":109},[55,136984,136985],{"class":129},"Found it",[55,136987,126],{"class":109},[55,136989,322],{"class":65},[14,136991,136992,136993,136995,136996,790],{},"If you also need to remove extra spaces, ",[18,136994,124158],{}," is often used with ",[294,136997,136999],{"href":136998},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method\u002F",[18,137000,41718],{},[46,137002,137004],{"className":48,"code":137003,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name = \"  ALICE  \"\nclean_name = name.strip().lower()\n\nprint(clean_name)  # alice\n",[18,137005,137006,137019,137038,137042],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,137007,137008,137010,137012,137014,137017],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,137009,1004],{"class":902},[55,137011,906],{"class":703},[55,137013,793],{"class":109},[55,137015,137016],{"class":129},"  ALICE  ",[55,137018,1052],{"class":109},[55,137020,137021,137024,137026,137028,137030,137032,137034,137036],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,137022,137023],{"class":902},"clean_name ",[55,137025,906],{"class":703},[55,137027,36052],{"class":902},[55,137029,29],{"class":65},[55,137031,1780],{"class":318},[55,137033,1783],{"class":65},[55,137035,1786],{"class":318},[55,137037,1789],{"class":65},[55,137039,137040],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,137041,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,137043,137044,137046,137048,137051,137053],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,137045,62],{"class":61},[55,137047,66],{"class":65},[55,137049,137050],{"class":318},"clean_name",[55,137052,3953],{"class":65},[55,137054,137055],{"class":3956},"  # alice\n",[41,137057,15644],{"id":15643},[14,137059,137060,137061,137064],{},"Strings are ",[435,137062,137063],{},"immutable"," in Python.",[14,137066,137067,137068,137070],{},"That means a string cannot be changed in place. Methods like ",[18,137069,124158],{}," do not edit the original string. They return a new one.",[14,137072,137073,137074,137076],{},"So this does ",[435,137075,4916],{}," update the original variable:",[46,137078,137080],{"className":48,"code":137079,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # HELLO\n",[18,137081,137082,137094,137104,137108],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,137083,137084,137086,137088,137090,137092],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,137085,34746],{"class":902},[55,137087,906],{"class":703},[55,137089,793],{"class":109},[55,137091,136452],{"class":129},[55,137093,1052],{"class":109},[55,137095,137096,137098,137100,137102],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,137097,34767],{"class":902},[55,137099,29],{"class":65},[55,137101,1786],{"class":318},[55,137103,1789],{"class":65},[55,137105,137106],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,137107,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,137109,137110,137112,137114,137116,137118],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,137111,62],{"class":61},[55,137113,66],{"class":65},[55,137115,34767],{"class":318},[55,137117,3953],{"class":65},[55,137119,137120],{"class":3956},"  # HELLO\n",[14,137122,137123],{},"To keep the lowercase version, save the result:",[46,137125,137127],{"className":48,"code":137126,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[18,137128,137129,137141,137155,137159],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,137130,137131,137133,137135,137137,137139],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,137132,34746],{"class":902},[55,137134,906],{"class":703},[55,137136,793],{"class":109},[55,137138,136452],{"class":129},[55,137140,1052],{"class":109},[55,137142,137143,137145,137147,137149,137151,137153],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,137144,34746],{"class":902},[55,137146,906],{"class":703},[55,137148,42907],{"class":902},[55,137150,29],{"class":65},[55,137152,1786],{"class":318},[55,137154,1789],{"class":65},[55,137156,137157],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,137158,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,137160,137161,137163,137165,137167,137169],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,137162,62],{"class":61},[55,137164,66],{"class":65},[55,137166,34767],{"class":318},[55,137168,3953],{"class":65},[55,137170,136464],{"class":3956},[41,137172,1586],{"id":1585},[889,137174,25741],{"id":25740},[14,137176,137177,137178,11132,137180,29],{},"A very common mistake is writing ",[18,137179,1786],{},[18,137181,124158],{},[14,137183,16692],{},[46,137185,137187],{"className":48,"code":137186,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower)\n",[18,137188,137189,137201],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,137190,137191,137193,137195,137197,137199],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,137192,34746],{"class":902},[55,137194,906],{"class":703},[55,137196,793],{"class":109},[55,137198,136452],{"class":129},[55,137200,1052],{"class":109},[55,137202,137203,137205,137207,137209,137211,137213],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,137204,62],{"class":61},[55,137206,66],{"class":65},[55,137208,34767],{"class":318},[55,137210,29],{"class":65},[55,137212,1786],{"class":24803},[55,137214,322],{"class":65},[14,137216,137217],{},"This prints the method itself, not the lowercase string.",[14,137219,16704],{},[46,137221,137223],{"className":48,"code":137222,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower())\n",[18,137224,137225,137237],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,137226,137227,137229,137231,137233,137235],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,137228,34746],{"class":902},[55,137230,906],{"class":703},[55,137232,793],{"class":109},[55,137234,136452],{"class":129},[55,137236,1052],{"class":109},[55,137238,137239,137241,137243,137245,137247,137249],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,137240,62],{"class":61},[55,137242,66],{"class":65},[55,137244,34767],{"class":318},[55,137246,29],{"class":65},[55,137248,1786],{"class":318},[55,137250,278],{"class":65},[889,137252,137254],{"id":137253},"not-saving-the-result","Not saving the result",[14,137256,137257],{},"Another common mistake is expecting the original variable to change automatically.",[14,137259,16692],{},[46,137261,137263],{"className":48,"code":137262,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\nprint(text)  # still HELLO\n",[18,137264,137265,137277,137287],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,137266,137267,137269,137271,137273,137275],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,137268,34746],{"class":902},[55,137270,906],{"class":703},[55,137272,793],{"class":109},[55,137274,136452],{"class":129},[55,137276,1052],{"class":109},[55,137278,137279,137281,137283,137285],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,137280,34767],{"class":902},[55,137282,29],{"class":65},[55,137284,1786],{"class":318},[55,137286,1789],{"class":65},[55,137288,137289,137291,137293,137295,137297],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,137290,62],{"class":61},[55,137292,66],{"class":65},[55,137294,34767],{"class":318},[55,137296,3953],{"class":65},[55,137298,137299],{"class":3956},"  # still HELLO\n",[14,137301,16704],{},[46,137303,137305],{"className":48,"code":137304,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[18,137306,137307,137319,137333],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,137308,137309,137311,137313,137315,137317],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,137310,34746],{"class":902},[55,137312,906],{"class":703},[55,137314,793],{"class":109},[55,137316,136452],{"class":129},[55,137318,1052],{"class":109},[55,137320,137321,137323,137325,137327,137329,137331],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,137322,34746],{"class":902},[55,137324,906],{"class":703},[55,137326,42907],{"class":902},[55,137328,29],{"class":65},[55,137330,1786],{"class":318},[55,137332,1789],{"class":65},[55,137334,137335,137337,137339,137341,137343],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,137336,62],{"class":61},[55,137338,66],{"class":65},[55,137340,34767],{"class":318},[55,137342,3953],{"class":65},[55,137344,136464],{"class":3956},[889,137346,1556,137348,137350],{"id":137347},"using-lower-on-a-non-string-value",[18,137349,124158],{}," on a non-string value",[14,137352,137353,137355],{},[18,137354,124158],{}," only works on strings.",[14,137357,16692],{},[46,137359,137361],{"className":48,"code":137360,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"number = 123\nprint(number.lower())\n",[18,137362,137363,137371],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,137364,137365,137367,137369],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,137366,2521],{"class":902},[55,137368,906],{"class":703},[55,137370,125110],{"class":75},[55,137372,137373,137375,137377,137379,137381,137383],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,137374,62],{"class":61},[55,137376,66],{"class":65},[55,137378,2544],{"class":318},[55,137380,29],{"class":65},[55,137382,1786],{"class":318},[55,137384,278],{"class":65},[14,137386,137387,137388,33658],{},"This causes an error because integers do not have a ",[18,137389,124158],{},[14,137391,137392],{},"You can check the type first:",[46,137394,137396],{"className":48,"code":137395,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"HELLO\"\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.lower())\n",[18,137397,137398,137410,137414,137428],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,137399,137400,137402,137404,137406,137408],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,137401,34746],{"class":902},[55,137403,906],{"class":703},[55,137405,793],{"class":109},[55,137407,136452],{"class":129},[55,137409,1052],{"class":109},[55,137411,137412],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,137413,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,137415,137416,137418,137420,137422,137424,137426],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,137417,62],{"class":61},[55,137419,66],{"class":65},[55,137421,1879],{"class":69},[55,137423,66],{"class":65},[55,137425,34767],{"class":318},[55,137427,79],{"class":65},[55,137429,137430,137432,137434,137436,137438,137440],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,137431,62],{"class":61},[55,137433,66],{"class":65},[55,137435,34767],{"class":318},[55,137437,29],{"class":65},[55,137439,1786],{"class":318},[55,137441,278],{"class":65},[889,137443,137445],{"id":137444},"comparing-text-without-normalizing-case","Comparing text without normalizing case",[14,137447,137448],{},"This can cause unexpected results:",[46,137450,137452],{"className":48,"code":137451,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\nelse:\n    print(\"No match\")\n",[18,137453,137454,137467,137471,137488,137503,137509],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,137455,137456,137458,137460,137462,137465],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,137457,136671],{"class":902},[55,137459,906],{"class":703},[55,137461,793],{"class":109},[55,137463,137464],{"class":129},"Yes",[55,137466,1052],{"class":109},[55,137468,137469],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,137470,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,137472,137473,137475,137478,137480,137482,137484,137486],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,137474,38],{"class":1193},[55,137476,137477],{"class":902}," answer ",[55,137479,1673],{"class":703},[55,137481,793],{"class":109},[55,137483,1804],{"class":129},[55,137485,126],{"class":109},[55,137487,1199],{"class":65},[55,137489,137490,137492,137494,137496,137499,137501],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,137491,1204],{"class":61},[55,137493,66],{"class":65},[55,137495,126],{"class":109},[55,137497,137498],{"class":129},"Match",[55,137500,126],{"class":109},[55,137502,322],{"class":65},[55,137504,137505,137507],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,137506,27488],{"class":1193},[55,137508,1199],{"class":65},[55,137510,137511,137513,137515,137517,137520,137522],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,137512,1204],{"class":61},[55,137514,66],{"class":65},[55,137516,126],{"class":109},[55,137518,137519],{"class":129},"No match",[55,137521,126],{"class":109},[55,137523,322],{"class":65},[14,137525,29116,137526,4679,137529,137532,137533,29],{},[18,137527,137528],{},"\"Yes\"",[18,137530,137531],{},"\"yes\""," are different strings, this prints ",[18,137534,137519],{},[14,137536,137537],{},"Better:",[46,137539,137541],{"className":48,"code":137540,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\n",[18,137542,137543,137555,137559,137581],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,137544,137545,137547,137549,137551,137553],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,137546,136671],{"class":902},[55,137548,906],{"class":703},[55,137550,793],{"class":109},[55,137552,137464],{"class":129},[55,137554,1052],{"class":109},[55,137556,137557],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,137558,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,137560,137561,137563,137565,137567,137569,137571,137573,137575,137577,137579],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,137562,38],{"class":1193},[55,137564,136691],{"class":902},[55,137566,29],{"class":65},[55,137568,1786],{"class":318},[55,137570,466],{"class":65},[55,137572,6684],{"class":703},[55,137574,793],{"class":109},[55,137576,1804],{"class":129},[55,137578,126],{"class":109},[55,137580,1199],{"class":65},[55,137582,137583,137585,137587,137589,137591,137593],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,137584,1204],{"class":61},[55,137586,66],{"class":65},[55,137588,126],{"class":109},[55,137590,137498],{"class":129},[55,137592,126],{"class":109},[55,137594,322],{"class":65},[889,137596,44279,137598,137601],{"id":137597},"when-casefold-may-be-better",[18,137599,137600],{},"casefold()"," may be better",[14,137603,137604,137605,137607],{},"For most beginner examples, ",[18,137606,124158],{}," is enough.",[14,137609,137610,137611,137613,137614,29],{},"But for advanced Unicode case-insensitive matching, ",[18,137612,137600],{}," can be stronger than ",[18,137615,124158],{},[14,137617,137618,137619,122670],{},"For everyday beginner tasks like input checking and simple comparisons, ",[18,137620,124158],{},[41,137622,137624,10624,137626],{"id":137623},"lower-vs-upper",[18,137625,124158],{},[18,137627,128306],{},[14,137629,137630,4679,137632,137634],{},[18,137631,124158],{},[18,137633,128306],{}," are very similar.",[240,137636,137637,137642,137647,137650],{},[243,137638,137639,137641],{},[18,137640,124158],{}," changes letters to lowercase",[243,137643,137644,137646],{},[18,137645,128306],{}," changes letters to uppercase",[243,137648,137649],{},"Both return new strings",[243,137651,137652],{},"Both leave the original string unchanged unless you reassign the result",[14,137654,358],{},[46,137656,137658],{"className":48,"code":137657,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower())  # hello world\nprint(text.upper())  # HELLO WORLD\n",[18,137659,137660,137672,137676,137692],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,137661,137662,137664,137666,137668,137670],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,137663,34746],{"class":902},[55,137665,906],{"class":703},[55,137667,793],{"class":109},[55,137669,129147],{"class":129},[55,137671,1052],{"class":109},[55,137673,137674],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,137675,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,137677,137678,137680,137682,137684,137686,137688,137690],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,137679,62],{"class":61},[55,137681,66],{"class":65},[55,137683,34767],{"class":318},[55,137685,29],{"class":65},[55,137687,1786],{"class":318},[55,137689,136461],{"class":65},[55,137691,136359],{"class":3956},[55,137693,137694,137696,137698,137700,137702,137704,137706],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,137695,62],{"class":61},[55,137697,66],{"class":65},[55,137699,34767],{"class":318},[55,137701,29],{"class":65},[55,137703,34536],{"class":318},[55,137705,136461],{"class":65},[55,137707,137708],{"class":3956},"  # HELLO WORLD\n",[14,137710,137711,137712,29],{},"If you want the opposite conversion, see the ",[294,137713,126428,137715,10780],{"href":137714},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method\u002F",[18,137716,128306],{},[41,137718,2139],{"id":2138},[889,137720,12748,137722,124755],{"id":137721},"does-lower-change-the-original-string",[18,137723,124158],{},[14,137725,137726],{},"No. It returns a new lowercase string. Reassign it if needed.",[889,137728,12748,137730,137732],{"id":137729},"does-lower-take-any-arguments",[18,137731,124158],{}," take any arguments?",[14,137734,137735,137736,29],{},"No. The method is called as ",[18,137737,137738],{},"string.lower()",[889,137740,5429,137742,12760],{"id":137741},"what-does-lower-return",[18,137743,124158],{},[14,137745,137746],{},"It returns a new string with lowercase letters.",[889,137748,28383,137750,137752],{"id":137749},"can-i-use-lower-on-user-input",[18,137751,124158],{}," on user input?",[14,137754,137755,137756,137758],{},"Yes. It is commonly used with ",[18,137757,1359],{}," to compare answers without case problems.",[889,137760,5466,137762,4679,137764,2794],{"id":137761},"what-is-the-difference-between-lower-and-casefold",[18,137763,124158],{},[18,137765,137600],{},[14,137767,137768,137770,137771,137773],{},[18,137769,124158],{}," is simpler and common for beginners. ",[18,137772,137600],{}," is stronger for some Unicode case-insensitive comparisons.",[41,137775,2193],{"id":2192},[240,137777,137778,137782,137788,137794,137800,137804,137808,137814],{},[243,137779,137780],{},[294,137781,51045],{"href":51044},[243,137783,137784],{},[294,137785,126428,137786,10780],{"href":137714},[18,137787,128306],{},[243,137789,137790],{},[294,137791,126428,137792,10780],{"href":136998},[18,137793,41718],{},[243,137795,137796],{},[294,137797,126428,137798,10780],{"href":130009},[18,137799,124599],{},[243,137801,137802],{},[294,137803,124827],{"href":123683},[243,137805,137806],{},[294,137807,90756],{"href":89765},[243,137809,137810],{},[294,137811,3871,137812,3804],{"href":1356},[18,137813,1359],{},[243,137815,137816],{},[294,137817,137818],{"href":136399},"What is a string in Python?",[2226,137820,137821],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":137823},[137824,137826,137827,137828,137829,137830,137831,137840,137842,137854],{"id":136369,"depth":82,"text":137825},"What lower() does",{"id":2459,"depth":82,"text":2460},{"id":11516,"depth":82,"text":11517},{"id":17467,"depth":82,"text":17468},{"id":136818,"depth":82,"text":136819},{"id":15643,"depth":82,"text":15644},{"id":1585,"depth":82,"text":1586,"children":137832},[137833,137834,137835,137837,137838],{"id":25740,"depth":98,"text":25741},{"id":137253,"depth":98,"text":137254},{"id":137347,"depth":98,"text":137836},"Using lower() on a non-string value",{"id":137444,"depth":98,"text":137445},{"id":137597,"depth":98,"text":137839},"When casefold() may be better",{"id":137623,"depth":82,"text":137841},"lower() vs upper()",{"id":2138,"depth":82,"text":2139,"children":137843},[137844,137846,137848,137850,137852],{"id":137721,"depth":98,"text":137845},"Does lower() change the original string?",{"id":137729,"depth":98,"text":137847},"Does lower() take any arguments?",{"id":137741,"depth":98,"text":137849},"What does lower() return?",{"id":137749,"depth":98,"text":137851},"Can I use lower() on user input?",{"id":137761,"depth":98,"text":137853},"What is the difference between lower() and casefold()?",{"id":2192,"depth":82,"text":2193},"Master python string lower method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method",{"title":136286,"description":137855},"reference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method","Aspap5dswZ0jaW6T8G5ZAbmL8ux0eq3khybJYFtYHM8",{"id":137862,"title":137863,"body":137864,"description":139414,"extension":2267,"meta":139415,"navigation":1121,"path":139416,"seo":139417,"stem":139418,"__hash__":139419},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method.md","Python String replace() Method",{"type":7,"value":137865,"toc":139375},[137866,137871,137876,137882,137897,137899,137959,137961,137970,137976,137981,137986,137988,138002,138006,138008,138055,138057,138075,138077,138080,138151,138153,138167,138170,138182,138191,138195,138200,138205,138209,138275,138277,138286,138290,138355,138357,138366,138369,138374,138378,138383,138387,138448,138450,138459,138463,138466,138522,138524,138533,138536,138549,138551,138555,138562,138624,138626,138639,138645,138648,138655,138660,138665,138668,138676,138678,138739,138741,138750,138753,138800,138803,138850,138852,138857,138874,138881,138886,138939,138941,138949,138951,139008,139010,139018,139022,139069,139071,139079,139087,139091,139139,139141,139150,139155,139206,139208,139217,139224,139227,139248,139250,139255,139258,139262,139265,139269,139272,139299,139305,139308,139335,139340,139342,139344,139372],[10,137867,123428,137869,11363],{"id":137868},"python-string-replace-method",[18,137870,124599],{},[14,137872,123433,137873,137875],{},[18,137874,124599],{}," method lets you change text inside a string.",[14,137877,137878,137879,137881],{},"This is a beginner-friendly reference page for ",[18,137880,124599],{},". You will learn:",[240,137883,137884,137888,137891,137894],{},[243,137885,26073,137886,3973],{},[18,137887,124599],{},[243,137889,137890],{},"how its syntax works",[243,137892,137893],{},"how to replace all matches or only some matches",[243,137895,137896],{},"common mistakes to avoid",[41,137898,2308],{"id":2307},[46,137900,137902],{"className":48,"code":137901,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(new_text)\n",[18,137903,137904,137917,137949],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,137905,137906,137908,137910,137912,137915],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,137907,34746],{"class":902},[55,137909,906],{"class":703},[55,137911,793],{"class":109},[55,137913,137914],{"class":129},"I like cats",[55,137916,1052],{"class":109},[55,137918,137919,137921,137923,137925,137927,137929,137931,137933,137936,137938,137940,137942,137945,137947],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,137920,130267],{"class":902},[55,137922,906],{"class":703},[55,137924,42907],{"class":902},[55,137926,29],{"class":65},[55,137928,35058],{"class":318},[55,137930,66],{"class":65},[55,137932,126],{"class":109},[55,137934,137935],{"class":129},"cats",[55,137937,126],{"class":109},[55,137939,163],{"class":65},[55,137941,793],{"class":109},[55,137943,137944],{"class":129},"dogs",[55,137946,126],{"class":109},[55,137948,322],{"class":65},[55,137950,137951,137953,137955,137957],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,137952,62],{"class":61},[55,137954,66],{"class":65},[55,137956,130298],{"class":318},[55,137958,322],{"class":65},[14,137960,281],{},[46,137962,137964],{"className":48,"code":137963,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"I like dogs\n",[18,137965,137966],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,137967,137968],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,137969,137963],{"class":902},[14,137971,212,137972,137975],{},[18,137973,137974],{},"replace(old, new)"," to return a new string with matching text changed. The original string is not modified.",[41,137977,3970,137979,3973],{"id":137978},"what-replace-does",[18,137980,124599],{},[14,137982,137983,137985],{},[18,137984,124599],{}," changes matching text inside a string.",[14,137987,13097],{},[240,137989,137990,137992,137994,137997],{},[243,137991,133676],{},[243,137993,136394],{},[243,137995,137996],{},"It works on exact matches",[243,137998,137999,138000],{},"It replaces all matches unless you limit it with ",[18,138001,41324],{},[14,138003,125180,138004,29],{},[294,138005,125183],{"href":51044},[41,138007,5715],{"id":5714},[46,138009,138011],{"className":48,"code":138010,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"string.replace(old, new)\nstring.replace(old, new, count)\n",[18,138012,138013,138033],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,138014,138015,138017,138019,138021,138023,138026,138028,138031],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,138016,61246],{"class":902},[55,138018,29],{"class":65},[55,138020,35058],{"class":318},[55,138022,66],{"class":65},[55,138024,138025],{"class":318},"old",[55,138027,163],{"class":65},[55,138029,138030],{"class":318}," new",[55,138032,322],{"class":65},[55,138034,138035,138037,138039,138041,138043,138045,138047,138049,138051,138053],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,138036,61246],{"class":902},[55,138038,29],{"class":65},[55,138040,35058],{"class":318},[55,138042,66],{"class":65},[55,138044,138025],{"class":318},[55,138046,163],{"class":65},[55,138048,138030],{"class":318},[55,138050,163],{"class":65},[55,138052,49670],{"class":318},[55,138054,322],{"class":65},[889,138056,17444],{"id":17443},[240,138058,138059,138064,138070],{},[243,138060,138061,138063],{},[18,138062,138025],{}," = the text to find",[243,138065,138066,138069],{},[18,138067,138068],{},"new"," = the replacement text",[243,138071,138072,138074],{},[18,138073,41324],{}," = optional number that limits how many matches are replaced",[41,138076,6065],{"id":6064},[14,138078,138079],{},"Here is a simple example that replaces one word with another:",[46,138081,138083],{"className":48,"code":138082,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\n\nprint(text)\nprint(new_text)\n",[18,138084,138085,138097,138127,138131,138141],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,138086,138087,138089,138091,138093,138095],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,138088,34746],{"class":902},[55,138090,906],{"class":703},[55,138092,793],{"class":109},[55,138094,137914],{"class":129},[55,138096,1052],{"class":109},[55,138098,138099,138101,138103,138105,138107,138109,138111,138113,138115,138117,138119,138121,138123,138125],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,138100,130267],{"class":902},[55,138102,906],{"class":703},[55,138104,42907],{"class":902},[55,138106,29],{"class":65},[55,138108,35058],{"class":318},[55,138110,66],{"class":65},[55,138112,126],{"class":109},[55,138114,137935],{"class":129},[55,138116,126],{"class":109},[55,138118,163],{"class":65},[55,138120,793],{"class":109},[55,138122,137944],{"class":129},[55,138124,126],{"class":109},[55,138126,322],{"class":65},[55,138128,138129],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,138130,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,138132,138133,138135,138137,138139],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,138134,62],{"class":61},[55,138136,66],{"class":65},[55,138138,34767],{"class":318},[55,138140,322],{"class":65},[55,138142,138143,138145,138147,138149],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,138144,62],{"class":61},[55,138146,66],{"class":65},[55,138148,130298],{"class":318},[55,138150,322],{"class":65},[14,138152,281],{},[46,138154,138156],{"className":48,"code":138155,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"I like cats\nI like dogs\n",[18,138157,138158,138163],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,138159,138160],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,138161,138162],{"class":902},"I like cats\n",[55,138164,138165],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,138166,137963],{"class":902},[14,138168,138169],{},"Notice what happened:",[240,138171,138172,138177],{},[243,138173,138174,138176],{},[18,138175,34767],{}," did not change",[243,138178,138179,138181],{},[18,138180,130298],{}," contains the updated value",[14,138183,138184,138185,138187,138188,138190],{},"This happens because strings are ",[435,138186,137063],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change a string in place. Methods like ",[18,138189,124599],{}," return a new string instead.",[41,138192,138194],{"id":138193},"replace-only-the-first-matches","Replace only the first matches",[14,138196,89774,138197,138199],{},[18,138198,124599],{}," changes every matching part of the string.",[14,138201,138202,138203,36683],{},"If you only want to replace the first 1 or 2 matches, use the optional ",[18,138204,41324],{},[889,138206,138208],{"id":138207},"replace-only-the-first-match","Replace only the first match",[46,138210,138212],{"className":48,"code":138211,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 1)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,138213,138214,138227,138261,138265],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,138215,138216,138218,138220,138222,138225],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,138217,34746],{"class":902},[55,138219,906],{"class":703},[55,138221,793],{"class":109},[55,138223,138224],{"class":129},"cat cat cat",[55,138226,1052],{"class":109},[55,138228,138229,138231,138233,138235,138237,138239,138241,138243,138245,138247,138249,138251,138253,138255,138257,138259],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,138230,2534],{"class":902},[55,138232,906],{"class":703},[55,138234,42907],{"class":902},[55,138236,29],{"class":65},[55,138238,35058],{"class":318},[55,138240,66],{"class":65},[55,138242,126],{"class":109},[55,138244,37109],{"class":129},[55,138246,126],{"class":109},[55,138248,163],{"class":65},[55,138250,793],{"class":109},[55,138252,58198],{"class":129},[55,138254,126],{"class":109},[55,138256,163],{"class":65},[55,138258,5782],{"class":75},[55,138260,322],{"class":65},[55,138262,138263],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,138264,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,138266,138267,138269,138271,138273],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,138268,62],{"class":61},[55,138270,66],{"class":65},[55,138272,2569],{"class":318},[55,138274,322],{"class":65},[14,138276,281],{},[46,138278,138280],{"className":48,"code":138279,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"dog cat cat\n",[18,138281,138282],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,138283,138284],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,138285,138279],{"class":902},[889,138287,138289],{"id":138288},"replace-only-the-first-2-matches","Replace only the first 2 matches",[46,138291,138293],{"className":48,"code":138292,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,138294,138295,138307,138341,138345],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,138296,138297,138299,138301,138303,138305],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,138298,34746],{"class":902},[55,138300,906],{"class":703},[55,138302,793],{"class":109},[55,138304,138224],{"class":129},[55,138306,1052],{"class":109},[55,138308,138309,138311,138313,138315,138317,138319,138321,138323,138325,138327,138329,138331,138333,138335,138337,138339],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,138310,2534],{"class":902},[55,138312,906],{"class":703},[55,138314,42907],{"class":902},[55,138316,29],{"class":65},[55,138318,35058],{"class":318},[55,138320,66],{"class":65},[55,138322,126],{"class":109},[55,138324,37109],{"class":129},[55,138326,126],{"class":109},[55,138328,163],{"class":65},[55,138330,793],{"class":109},[55,138332,58198],{"class":129},[55,138334,126],{"class":109},[55,138336,163],{"class":65},[55,138338,166],{"class":75},[55,138340,322],{"class":65},[55,138342,138343],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,138344,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,138346,138347,138349,138351,138353],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,138348,62],{"class":61},[55,138350,66],{"class":65},[55,138352,2569],{"class":318},[55,138354,322],{"class":65},[14,138356,281],{},[46,138358,138360],{"className":48,"code":138359,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"dog dog cat\n",[18,138361,138362],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,138363,138364],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,138365,138359],{"class":902},[14,138367,138368],{},"This is useful when you do not want to replace every match in the string.",[14,138370,138371,138372,29],{},"For more practical examples, see ",[294,138373,128152],{"href":124596},[41,138375,138377],{"id":138376},"replacing-characters-and-spaces","Replacing characters and spaces",[14,138379,138380,138382],{},[18,138381,124599],{}," can also change single characters.",[889,138384,138386],{"id":138385},"replace-one-character","Replace one character",[46,138388,138390],{"className":48,"code":138389,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = text.replace(\"a\", \"o\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,138391,138392,138404,138434,138438],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,138393,138394,138396,138398,138400,138402],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,138395,34746],{"class":902},[55,138397,906],{"class":703},[55,138399,793],{"class":109},[55,138401,4373],{"class":129},[55,138403,1052],{"class":109},[55,138405,138406,138408,138410,138412,138414,138416,138418,138420,138422,138424,138426,138428,138430,138432],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,138407,2534],{"class":902},[55,138409,906],{"class":703},[55,138411,42907],{"class":902},[55,138413,29],{"class":65},[55,138415,35058],{"class":318},[55,138417,66],{"class":65},[55,138419,126],{"class":109},[55,138421,294],{"class":129},[55,138423,126],{"class":109},[55,138425,163],{"class":65},[55,138427,793],{"class":109},[55,138429,60545],{"class":129},[55,138431,126],{"class":109},[55,138433,322],{"class":65},[55,138435,138436],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,138437,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,138439,138440,138442,138444,138446],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,138441,62],{"class":61},[55,138443,66],{"class":65},[55,138445,2569],{"class":318},[55,138447,322],{"class":65},[14,138449,281],{},[46,138451,138453],{"className":48,"code":138452,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"bonono\n",[18,138454,138455],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,138456,138457],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,138458,138452],{"class":902},[889,138460,138462],{"id":138461},"remove-spaces","Remove spaces",[14,138464,138465],{},"You can remove text by replacing it with an empty string:",[46,138467,138469],{"className":48,"code":138468,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"a b c\"\nresult = text.replace(\" \", \"\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,138470,138471,138484,138508,138512],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,138472,138473,138475,138477,138479,138482],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,138474,34746],{"class":902},[55,138476,906],{"class":703},[55,138478,793],{"class":109},[55,138480,138481],{"class":129},"a b c",[55,138483,1052],{"class":109},[55,138485,138486,138488,138490,138492,138494,138496,138498,138500,138502,138504,138506],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,138487,2534],{"class":902},[55,138489,906],{"class":703},[55,138491,42907],{"class":902},[55,138493,29],{"class":65},[55,138495,35058],{"class":318},[55,138497,66],{"class":65},[55,138499,126],{"class":109},[55,138501,793],{"class":109},[55,138503,163],{"class":65},[55,138505,6405],{"class":109},[55,138507,322],{"class":65},[55,138509,138510],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,138511,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,138513,138514,138516,138518,138520],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,138515,62],{"class":61},[55,138517,66],{"class":65},[55,138519,2569],{"class":318},[55,138521,322],{"class":65},[14,138523,281],{},[46,138525,138527],{"className":48,"code":138526,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"abc\n",[18,138528,138529],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,138530,138531],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,138532,138526],{"class":902},[14,138534,138535],{},"This is useful for simple cleanup tasks.",[14,138537,138538,138539,138543,138544,138548],{},"If you need to split text into parts instead of replacing it, see the ",[294,138540,126428,138541,10780],{"href":129115},[18,138542,60603],{},". If you only want to remove spaces at the beginning or end, the ",[294,138545,126428,138546,10780],{"href":136998},[18,138547,41718],{}," is often a better choice.",[41,138550,124075],{"id":124074},[14,138552,138553,123886],{},[18,138554,124599],{},[14,138556,127473,138557,4679,138559,127480],{},[18,138558,113112],{},[18,138560,138561],{},"\"Cat\"",[46,138563,138565],{"className":48,"code":138564,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"Cat cat CAT\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,138566,138567,138580,138610,138614],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,138568,138569,138571,138573,138575,138578],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,138570,34746],{"class":902},[55,138572,906],{"class":703},[55,138574,793],{"class":109},[55,138576,138577],{"class":129},"Cat cat CAT",[55,138579,1052],{"class":109},[55,138581,138582,138584,138586,138588,138590,138592,138594,138596,138598,138600,138602,138604,138606,138608],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,138583,2534],{"class":902},[55,138585,906],{"class":703},[55,138587,42907],{"class":902},[55,138589,29],{"class":65},[55,138591,35058],{"class":318},[55,138593,66],{"class":65},[55,138595,126],{"class":109},[55,138597,37109],{"class":129},[55,138599,126],{"class":109},[55,138601,163],{"class":65},[55,138603,793],{"class":109},[55,138605,58198],{"class":129},[55,138607,126],{"class":109},[55,138609,322],{"class":65},[55,138611,138612],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,138613,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,138615,138616,138618,138620,138622],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,138617,62],{"class":61},[55,138619,66],{"class":65},[55,138621,2569],{"class":318},[55,138623,322],{"class":65},[14,138625,281],{},[46,138627,138629],{"className":48,"code":138628,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Cat dog CAT\n",[18,138630,138631],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,138632,138633,138636],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,138634,138635],{"class":902},"Cat dog ",[55,138637,138638],{"class":34511},"CAT\n",[14,138640,138641,138642,138644],{},"Only the lowercase ",[18,138643,113112],{}," was replaced.",[14,138646,138647],{},"This is a common beginner problem. If your replacement is not happening, check the letter case carefully.",[14,138649,138650,138651,29],{},"In some cases, converting text first can help. For example, see the ",[294,138652,126428,138653,10780],{"href":124155},[18,138654,124158],{},[41,138656,3970,138658,11748],{"id":138657},"what-replace-returns",[18,138659,124599],{},[14,138661,138662,138664],{},[18,138663,124599],{}," returns a new string.",[14,138666,138667],{},"If no match is found:",[240,138669,138670,138673],{},[243,138671,138672],{},"no error happens",[243,138674,138675],{},"the returned string has the same content as the original",[14,138677,358],{},[46,138679,138681],{"className":48,"code":138680,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"hello\"\nresult = text.replace(\"x\", \"y\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,138682,138683,138695,138725,138729],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,138684,138685,138687,138689,138691,138693],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,138686,34746],{"class":902},[55,138688,906],{"class":703},[55,138690,793],{"class":109},[55,138692,130],{"class":129},[55,138694,1052],{"class":109},[55,138696,138697,138699,138701,138703,138705,138707,138709,138711,138713,138715,138717,138719,138721,138723],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,138698,2534],{"class":902},[55,138700,906],{"class":703},[55,138702,42907],{"class":902},[55,138704,29],{"class":65},[55,138706,35058],{"class":318},[55,138708,66],{"class":65},[55,138710,126],{"class":109},[55,138712,2477],{"class":129},[55,138714,126],{"class":109},[55,138716,163],{"class":65},[55,138718,793],{"class":109},[55,138720,11788],{"class":129},[55,138722,126],{"class":109},[55,138724,322],{"class":65},[55,138726,138727],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,138728,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,138730,138731,138733,138735,138737],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,138732,62],{"class":61},[55,138734,66],{"class":65},[55,138736,2569],{"class":318},[55,138738,322],{"class":65},[14,138740,281],{},[46,138742,138744],{"className":48,"code":138743,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"hello\n",[18,138745,138746],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,138747,138748],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,138749,138743],{"class":902},[14,138751,138752],{},"Usually, you either store the result in a new variable:",[46,138754,138756],{"className":48,"code":138755,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"hello world\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[18,138757,138758,138770],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,138759,138760,138762,138764,138766,138768],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,138761,34746],{"class":902},[55,138763,906],{"class":703},[55,138765,793],{"class":109},[55,138767,60478],{"class":129},[55,138769,1052],{"class":109},[55,138771,138772,138774,138776,138778,138780,138782,138784,138786,138788,138790,138792,138794,138796,138798],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,138773,130267],{"class":902},[55,138775,906],{"class":703},[55,138777,42907],{"class":902},[55,138779,29],{"class":65},[55,138781,35058],{"class":318},[55,138783,66],{"class":65},[55,138785,126],{"class":109},[55,138787,60663],{"class":129},[55,138789,126],{"class":109},[55,138791,163],{"class":65},[55,138793,793],{"class":109},[55,138795,393],{"class":129},[55,138797,126],{"class":109},[55,138799,322],{"class":65},[14,138801,138802],{},"Or reassign it to the same variable:",[46,138804,138806],{"className":48,"code":138805,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"hello world\"\ntext = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[18,138807,138808,138820],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,138809,138810,138812,138814,138816,138818],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,138811,34746],{"class":902},[55,138813,906],{"class":703},[55,138815,793],{"class":109},[55,138817,60478],{"class":129},[55,138819,1052],{"class":109},[55,138821,138822,138824,138826,138828,138830,138832,138834,138836,138838,138840,138842,138844,138846,138848],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,138823,34746],{"class":902},[55,138825,906],{"class":703},[55,138827,42907],{"class":902},[55,138829,29],{"class":65},[55,138831,35058],{"class":318},[55,138833,66],{"class":65},[55,138835,126],{"class":109},[55,138837,60663],{"class":129},[55,138839,126],{"class":109},[55,138841,163],{"class":65},[55,138843,793],{"class":109},[55,138845,393],{"class":129},[55,138847,126],{"class":109},[55,138849,322],{"class":65},[41,138851,4803],{"id":4802},[14,138853,138854,138855,790],{},"Here are some common mistakes when using ",[18,138856,124599],{},[240,138858,138859,138862,138866,138869],{},[243,138860,138861],{},"Forgetting to save the returned string",[243,138863,1595,138864,131648],{},[18,138865,124599],{},[243,138867,138868],{},"Using the wrong letter case",[243,138870,37266,138871,138873],{},[18,138872,124599],{}," with regex-based replacements",[889,138875,138877,138878,138880],{"id":138876},"mistake-calling-replace-without-assigning-the-result","Mistake: calling ",[18,138879,124599],{}," without assigning the result",[14,138882,138883,138884,790],{},"This does not update ",[18,138885,34767],{},[46,138887,138889],{"className":48,"code":138888,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,138890,138891,138903,138929],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,138892,138893,138895,138897,138899,138901],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,138894,34746],{"class":902},[55,138896,906],{"class":703},[55,138898,793],{"class":109},[55,138900,137914],{"class":129},[55,138902,1052],{"class":109},[55,138904,138905,138907,138909,138911,138913,138915,138917,138919,138921,138923,138925,138927],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,138906,34767],{"class":902},[55,138908,29],{"class":65},[55,138910,35058],{"class":318},[55,138912,66],{"class":65},[55,138914,126],{"class":109},[55,138916,137935],{"class":129},[55,138918,126],{"class":109},[55,138920,163],{"class":65},[55,138922,793],{"class":109},[55,138924,137944],{"class":129},[55,138926,126],{"class":109},[55,138928,322],{"class":65},[55,138930,138931,138933,138935,138937],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,138932,62],{"class":61},[55,138934,66],{"class":65},[55,138936,34767],{"class":318},[55,138938,322],{"class":65},[14,138940,281],{},[46,138942,138943],{"className":48,"code":138162,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,138944,138945],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,138946,138947],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,138948,138162],{"class":902},[14,138950,10847],{},[46,138952,138954],{"className":48,"code":138953,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,138955,138956,138968,138998],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,138957,138958,138960,138962,138964,138966],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,138959,34746],{"class":902},[55,138961,906],{"class":703},[55,138963,793],{"class":109},[55,138965,137914],{"class":129},[55,138967,1052],{"class":109},[55,138969,138970,138972,138974,138976,138978,138980,138982,138984,138986,138988,138990,138992,138994,138996],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,138971,34746],{"class":902},[55,138973,906],{"class":703},[55,138975,42907],{"class":902},[55,138977,29],{"class":65},[55,138979,35058],{"class":318},[55,138981,66],{"class":65},[55,138983,126],{"class":109},[55,138985,137935],{"class":129},[55,138987,126],{"class":109},[55,138989,163],{"class":65},[55,138991,793],{"class":109},[55,138993,137944],{"class":129},[55,138995,126],{"class":109},[55,138997,322],{"class":65},[55,138999,139000,139002,139004,139006],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,139001,62],{"class":61},[55,139003,66],{"class":65},[55,139005,34767],{"class":318},[55,139007,322],{"class":65},[14,139009,281],{},[46,139011,139012],{"className":48,"code":137963,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,139013,139014],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,139015,139016],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,139017,137963],{"class":902},[889,139019,139021],{"id":139020},"mistake-different-capitalization","Mistake: different capitalization",[46,139023,139025],{"className":48,"code":139024,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"Hello\"\nprint(text.replace(\"hello\", \"Hi\"))\n",[18,139026,139027,139039],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,139028,139029,139031,139033,139035,139037],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,139030,34746],{"class":902},[55,139032,906],{"class":703},[55,139034,793],{"class":109},[55,139036,34926],{"class":129},[55,139038,1052],{"class":109},[55,139040,139041,139043,139045,139047,139049,139051,139053,139055,139057,139059,139061,139063,139065,139067],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,139042,62],{"class":61},[55,139044,66],{"class":65},[55,139046,34767],{"class":318},[55,139048,29],{"class":65},[55,139050,35058],{"class":318},[55,139052,66],{"class":65},[55,139054,126],{"class":109},[55,139056,130],{"class":129},[55,139058,126],{"class":109},[55,139060,163],{"class":65},[55,139062,793],{"class":109},[55,139064,90009],{"class":129},[55,139066,126],{"class":109},[55,139068,79],{"class":65},[14,139070,281],{},[46,139072,139073],{"className":48,"code":89022,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,139074,139075],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,139076,139077],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,139078,89022],{"class":902},[14,139080,139081,139082,4679,139084,139086],{},"Nothing changed because ",[18,139083,64607],{},[18,139085,90491],{}," are not the same.",[889,139088,139090],{"id":139089},"mistake-expecting-only-one-match-to-change","Mistake: expecting only one match to change",[46,139092,139094],{"className":48,"code":139093,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\"))\n",[18,139095,139096,139109],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,139097,139098,139100,139102,139104,139107],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,139099,34746],{"class":902},[55,139101,906],{"class":703},[55,139103,793],{"class":109},[55,139105,139106],{"class":129},"red red red",[55,139108,1052],{"class":109},[55,139110,139111,139113,139115,139117,139119,139121,139123,139125,139127,139129,139131,139133,139135,139137],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,139112,62],{"class":61},[55,139114,66],{"class":65},[55,139116,34767],{"class":318},[55,139118,29],{"class":65},[55,139120,35058],{"class":318},[55,139122,66],{"class":65},[55,139124,126],{"class":109},[55,139126,13138],{"class":129},[55,139128,126],{"class":109},[55,139130,163],{"class":65},[55,139132,793],{"class":109},[55,139134,13155],{"class":129},[55,139136,126],{"class":109},[55,139138,79],{"class":65},[14,139140,281],{},[46,139142,139144],{"className":48,"code":139143,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"blue blue blue\n",[18,139145,139146],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,139147,139148],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,139149,139143],{"class":902},[14,139151,139152,139153,790],{},"If you want only one replacement, use ",[18,139154,41324],{},[46,139156,139158],{"className":48,"code":139157,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\", 1))\n",[18,139159,139160,139172],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,139161,139162,139164,139166,139168,139170],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,139163,34746],{"class":902},[55,139165,906],{"class":703},[55,139167,793],{"class":109},[55,139169,139106],{"class":129},[55,139171,1052],{"class":109},[55,139173,139174,139176,139178,139180,139182,139184,139186,139188,139190,139192,139194,139196,139198,139200,139202,139204],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,139175,62],{"class":61},[55,139177,66],{"class":65},[55,139179,34767],{"class":318},[55,139181,29],{"class":65},[55,139183,35058],{"class":318},[55,139185,66],{"class":65},[55,139187,126],{"class":109},[55,139189,13138],{"class":129},[55,139191,126],{"class":109},[55,139193,163],{"class":65},[55,139195,793],{"class":109},[55,139197,13155],{"class":129},[55,139199,126],{"class":109},[55,139201,163],{"class":65},[55,139203,5782],{"class":75},[55,139205,79],{"class":65},[14,139207,281],{},[46,139209,139211],{"className":48,"code":139210,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"blue red red\n",[18,139212,139213],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,139214,139215],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,139216,139210],{"class":902},[889,139218,139220,139221,139223],{"id":139219},"mistake-using-replace-for-the-wrong-task","Mistake: using ",[18,139222,124599],{}," for the wrong task",[14,139225,139226],{},"Sometimes another method is a better fit:",[240,139228,139229,139236,139243],{},[243,139230,212,139231,139235],{},[294,139232,139233],{"href":129115},[18,139234,60603],{}," to break a string into a list",[243,139237,212,139238,139242],{},[294,139239,139240],{"href":136998},[18,139241,41718],{}," to remove whitespace from the start or end",[243,139244,212,139245,139247],{},[18,139246,124599],{}," for direct text replacement, not pattern matching",[41,139249,2139],{"id":2138},[889,139251,12748,139253,124755],{"id":139252},"does-replace-change-the-original-string",[18,139254,124599],{},[14,139256,139257],{},"No. It returns a new string. Strings in Python cannot be changed in place.",[889,139259,139261],{"id":139260},"what-happens-if-the-text-is-not-found","What happens if the text is not found?",[14,139263,139264],{},"No error is raised. The returned string will have the same content as the original.",[889,139266,139268],{"id":139267},"how-do-i-replace-only-the-first-match","How do I replace only the first match?",[14,139270,139271],{},"Use the third argument:",[46,139273,139275],{"className":48,"code":139274,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text.replace(old, new, 1)\n",[18,139276,139277],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,139278,139279,139281,139283,139285,139287,139289,139291,139293,139295,139297],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,139280,34767],{"class":902},[55,139282,29],{"class":65},[55,139284,35058],{"class":318},[55,139286,66],{"class":65},[55,139288,138025],{"class":318},[55,139290,163],{"class":65},[55,139292,138030],{"class":318},[55,139294,163],{"class":65},[55,139296,5782],{"class":75},[55,139298,322],{"class":65},[889,139300,5456,139302,139304],{"id":139301},"can-replace-remove-text",[18,139303,124599],{}," remove text?",[14,139306,139307],{},"Yes. Replace the target text with an empty string:",[46,139309,139311],{"className":48,"code":139310,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text.replace(\"x\", \"\")\n",[18,139312,139313],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,139314,139315,139317,139319,139321,139323,139325,139327,139329,139331,139333],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,139316,34767],{"class":902},[55,139318,29],{"class":65},[55,139320,35058],{"class":318},[55,139322,66],{"class":65},[55,139324,126],{"class":109},[55,139326,2477],{"class":129},[55,139328,126],{"class":109},[55,139330,163],{"class":65},[55,139332,6405],{"class":109},[55,139334,322],{"class":65},[889,139336,14950,139338,124764],{"id":139337},"is-replace-case-sensitive",[18,139339,124599],{},[14,139341,129957],{},[41,139343,2193],{"id":2192},[240,139345,139346,139350,139356,139362,139368],{},[243,139347,139348],{},[294,139349,124834],{"href":124596},[243,139351,139352],{},[294,139353,126428,139354,10780],{"href":129115},[18,139355,60603],{},[243,139357,139358],{},[294,139359,126428,139360,10780],{"href":136998},[18,139361,41718],{},[243,139363,139364],{},[294,139365,126428,139366,10780],{"href":124155},[18,139367,124158],{},[243,139369,139370],{},[294,139371,125183],{"href":51044},[2226,139373,139374],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":139376},[139377,139378,139380,139383,139384,139388,139392,139393,139395,139403,139413],{"id":2307,"depth":82,"text":2308},{"id":137978,"depth":82,"text":139379},"What replace() does",{"id":5714,"depth":82,"text":5715,"children":139381},[139382],{"id":17443,"depth":98,"text":17444},{"id":6064,"depth":82,"text":6065},{"id":138193,"depth":82,"text":138194,"children":139385},[139386,139387],{"id":138207,"depth":98,"text":138208},{"id":138288,"depth":98,"text":138289},{"id":138376,"depth":82,"text":138377,"children":139389},[139390,139391],{"id":138385,"depth":98,"text":138386},{"id":138461,"depth":98,"text":138462},{"id":124074,"depth":82,"text":124075},{"id":138657,"depth":82,"text":139394},"What replace() returns",{"id":4802,"depth":82,"text":4803,"children":139396},[139397,139399,139400,139401],{"id":138876,"depth":98,"text":139398},"Mistake: calling replace() without assigning the result",{"id":139020,"depth":98,"text":139021},{"id":139089,"depth":98,"text":139090},{"id":139219,"depth":98,"text":139402},"Mistake: using replace() for the wrong task",{"id":2138,"depth":82,"text":2139,"children":139404},[139405,139407,139408,139409,139411],{"id":139252,"depth":98,"text":139406},"Does replace() change the original string?",{"id":139260,"depth":98,"text":139261},{"id":139267,"depth":98,"text":139268},{"id":139301,"depth":98,"text":139410},"Can replace() remove text?",{"id":139337,"depth":98,"text":139412},"Is replace() case-sensitive?",{"id":2192,"depth":82,"text":2193},"Master python string replace method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method",{"title":137863,"description":139414},"reference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method","lYZLw0KoN3c2cS-3ldMsrOTghF8no1rzCHdzSFeQbp8",{"id":139421,"title":139422,"body":139423,"description":141442,"extension":2267,"meta":141443,"navigation":1121,"path":141444,"seo":141445,"stem":141446,"__hash__":141447},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method.md","Python String split() Method",{"type":7,"value":139424,"toc":141406},[139425,139430,139435,139438,139449,139451,139506,139511,139516,139523,139525,139540,139542,139598,139600,139638,139643,139645,139669,139672,139685,139690,139692,139724,139726,139759,139765,139770,139773,139783,139786,139788,139844,139846,139896,139899,139907,139910,139966,139968,140041,140054,140062,140066,140077,140080,140083,140136,140138,140170,140173,140227,140229,140264,140267,140272,140277,140282,140285,140287,140345,140347,140381,140383,140398,140401,140403,140445,140447,140473,140478,140486,140489,140491,140573,140575,140626,140629,140640,140648,140650,140723,140725,140743,140747,140750,140754,140781,140783,140791,140795,140830,140832,140845,140849,140852,140891,140893,140910,140915,140920,140931,140934,140945,140947,140949,140975,140978,141027,141029,141046,141049,141051,141103,141105,141137,141140,141198,141203,141205,141210,141313,141315,141329,141331,141338,141343,141348,141353,141358,141363,141366,141370,141375,141377,141403],[10,139426,123428,139428,11363],{"id":139427},"python-string-split-method",[18,139429,60603],{},[14,139431,123433,139432,139434],{},[18,139433,60603],{}," method breaks a string into smaller parts and returns those parts as a list.",[14,139436,139437],{},"Use it when you want to turn one string into multiple strings, such as:",[240,139439,139440,139443,139446],{},[243,139441,139442],{},"splitting a sentence into words",[243,139444,139445],{},"splitting comma-separated text",[243,139447,139448],{},"breaking simple structured text into pieces",[41,139450,2308],{"id":2307},[46,139452,139454],{"className":48,"code":139453,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\nprint(parts)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[18,139455,139456,139469,139491,139501],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,139457,139458,139460,139462,139464,139467],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,139459,34746],{"class":902},[55,139461,906],{"class":703},[55,139463,793],{"class":109},[55,139465,139466],{"class":129},"apple,banana,cherry",[55,139468,1052],{"class":109},[55,139470,139471,139473,139475,139477,139479,139481,139483,139485,139487,139489],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,139472,42902],{"class":902},[55,139474,906],{"class":703},[55,139476,42907],{"class":902},[55,139478,29],{"class":65},[55,139480,34527],{"class":318},[55,139482,66],{"class":65},[55,139484,126],{"class":109},[55,139486,163],{"class":129},[55,139488,126],{"class":109},[55,139490,322],{"class":65},[55,139492,139493,139495,139497,139499],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,139494,62],{"class":61},[55,139496,66],{"class":65},[55,139498,42934],{"class":318},[55,139500,322],{"class":65},[55,139502,139503],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,139504,139505],{"class":3956},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[14,139507,212,139508,139510],{},[18,139509,60603],{}," when you want to turn one string into a list of smaller strings.",[41,139512,3970,139514,3973],{"id":139513},"what-split-does",[18,139515,60603],{},[14,139517,139518,132476,139520,29],{},[18,139519,60603],{},[435,139521,139522],{},"string method",[14,139524,48995],{},[240,139526,139527,139530,139535],{},[243,139528,139529],{},"divides a string into parts",[243,139531,119730,139532],{},[435,139533,139534],{},"new list of strings",[243,139536,119736,139537,139539],{},[435,139538,4916],{}," change the original string",[14,139541,358],{},[46,139543,139545],{"className":48,"code":139544,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"red blue green\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(text)\nprint(parts)\n",[18,139546,139547,139560,139574,139578,139588],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,139548,139549,139551,139553,139555,139558],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,139550,34746],{"class":902},[55,139552,906],{"class":703},[55,139554,793],{"class":109},[55,139556,139557],{"class":129},"red blue green",[55,139559,1052],{"class":109},[55,139561,139562,139564,139566,139568,139570,139572],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,139563,42902],{"class":902},[55,139565,906],{"class":703},[55,139567,42907],{"class":902},[55,139569,29],{"class":65},[55,139571,34527],{"class":318},[55,139573,1789],{"class":65},[55,139575,139576],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,139577,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,139579,139580,139582,139584,139586],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,139581,62],{"class":61},[55,139583,66],{"class":65},[55,139585,34767],{"class":318},[55,139587,322],{"class":65},[55,139589,139590,139592,139594,139596],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,139591,62],{"class":61},[55,139593,66],{"class":65},[55,139595,42934],{"class":318},[55,139597,322],{"class":65},[14,139599,281],{},[46,139601,139603],{"className":48,"code":139602,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"red blue green\n['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[18,139604,139605,139610],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,139606,139607],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,139608,139609],{"class":902},"red blue green\n",[55,139611,139612,139614,139616,139618,139620,139622,139624,139626,139628,139630,139632,139634,139636],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,139613,4186],{"class":65},[55,139615,1923],{"class":109},[55,139617,13138],{"class":129},[55,139619,1923],{"class":109},[55,139621,163],{"class":65},[55,139623,1918],{"class":109},[55,139625,13155],{"class":129},[55,139627,1923],{"class":109},[55,139629,163],{"class":65},[55,139631,1918],{"class":109},[55,139633,17505],{"class":129},[55,139635,1923],{"class":109},[55,139637,924],{"class":65},[14,139639,139640,139641,29],{},"If you are new to string methods, see ",[294,139642,125183],{"href":51044},[41,139644,2460],{"id":2459},[46,139646,139648],{"className":48,"code":139647,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"string.split(separator, maxsplit)\n",[18,139649,139650],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,139651,139652,139654,139656,139658,139660,139662,139664,139667],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,139653,61246],{"class":902},[55,139655,29],{"class":65},[55,139657,34527],{"class":318},[55,139659,66],{"class":65},[55,139661,133832],{"class":318},[55,139663,163],{"class":65},[55,139665,139666],{"class":318}," maxsplit",[55,139668,322],{"class":65},[14,139670,139671],{},"Both arguments are optional:",[240,139673,139674,139679],{},[243,139675,139676,139678],{},[18,139677,133832],{}," tells Python where to split",[243,139680,139681,139684],{},[18,139682,139683],{},"maxsplit"," limits how many splits happen",[14,139686,2029,139687,139689],{},[18,139688,133832],{}," is not given, Python splits on whitespace.",[14,139691,358],{},[46,139693,139695],{"className":48,"code":139694,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"one two three\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[18,139696,139697,139710],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,139698,139699,139701,139703,139705,139708],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,139700,34746],{"class":902},[55,139702,906],{"class":703},[55,139704,793],{"class":109},[55,139706,139707],{"class":129},"one two three",[55,139709,1052],{"class":109},[55,139711,139712,139714,139716,139718,139720,139722],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,139713,62],{"class":61},[55,139715,66],{"class":65},[55,139717,34767],{"class":318},[55,139719,29],{"class":65},[55,139721,34527],{"class":318},[55,139723,278],{"class":65},[14,139725,281],{},[46,139727,139729],{"className":48,"code":139728,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['one', 'two', 'three']\n",[18,139730,139731],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,139732,139733,139735,139737,139739,139741,139743,139745,139747,139749,139751,139753,139755,139757],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,139734,4186],{"class":65},[55,139736,1923],{"class":109},[55,139738,6860],{"class":129},[55,139740,1923],{"class":109},[55,139742,163],{"class":65},[55,139744,1918],{"class":109},[55,139746,79344],{"class":129},[55,139748,1923],{"class":109},[55,139750,163],{"class":65},[55,139752,1918],{"class":109},[55,139754,134314],{"class":129},[55,139756,1923],{"class":109},[55,139758,924],{"class":65},[41,139760,1556,139762,139764],{"id":139761},"using-split-with-no-separator",[18,139763,60603],{}," with no separator",[14,139766,70247,139767,139769],{},[18,139768,60603],{}," with no argument, Python splits on whitespace.",[14,139771,139772],{},"Whitespace includes:",[240,139774,139775,139777,139780],{},[243,139776,10490],{},[243,139778,139779],{},"tabs",[243,139781,139782],{},"new lines",[14,139784,139785],{},"Python also treats repeated whitespace as a single separator.",[14,139787,358],{},[46,139789,139791],{"className":48,"code":139790,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"Python   is\\tfun\\nand useful\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(parts)\n",[18,139792,139793,139816,139830,139834],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,139794,139795,139797,139799,139801,139804,139807,139809,139811,139814],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,139796,34746],{"class":902},[55,139798,906],{"class":703},[55,139800,793],{"class":109},[55,139802,139803],{"class":129},"Python   is",[55,139805,139806],{"class":34511},"\\t",[55,139808,133568],{"class":129},[55,139810,87226],{"class":34511},[55,139812,139813],{"class":129},"and useful",[55,139815,1052],{"class":109},[55,139817,139818,139820,139822,139824,139826,139828],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,139819,42902],{"class":902},[55,139821,906],{"class":703},[55,139823,42907],{"class":902},[55,139825,29],{"class":65},[55,139827,34527],{"class":318},[55,139829,1789],{"class":65},[55,139831,139832],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,139833,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,139835,139836,139838,139840,139842],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,139837,62],{"class":61},[55,139839,66],{"class":65},[55,139841,42934],{"class":318},[55,139843,322],{"class":65},[14,139845,281],{},[46,139847,139849],{"className":48,"code":139848,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['Python', 'is', 'fun', 'and', 'useful']\n",[18,139850,139851],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,139852,139853,139855,139857,139859,139861,139863,139865,139867,139869,139871,139873,139875,139877,139879,139881,139883,139885,139887,139889,139892,139894],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,139854,4186],{"class":65},[55,139856,1923],{"class":109},[55,139858,393],{"class":129},[55,139860,1923],{"class":109},[55,139862,163],{"class":65},[55,139864,1918],{"class":109},[55,139866,12237],{"class":129},[55,139868,1923],{"class":109},[55,139870,163],{"class":65},[55,139872,1918],{"class":109},[55,139874,133568],{"class":129},[55,139876,1923],{"class":109},[55,139878,163],{"class":65},[55,139880,1918],{"class":109},[55,139882,130193],{"class":129},[55,139884,1923],{"class":109},[55,139886,163],{"class":65},[55,139888,1918],{"class":109},[55,139890,139891],{"class":129},"useful",[55,139893,1923],{"class":109},[55,139895,924],{"class":65},[14,139897,139898],{},"This is useful when you want simple word splitting.",[889,139900,139902,10624,139904],{"id":139901},"split-vs-split",[18,139903,60603],{},[18,139905,139906],{},"split(' ')",[14,139908,139909],{},"These are not the same.",[46,139911,139913],{"className":48,"code":139912,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"a  b   c\"\n\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(\" \"))\n",[18,139914,139915,139928,139932,139946],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,139916,139917,139919,139921,139923,139926],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,139918,34746],{"class":902},[55,139920,906],{"class":703},[55,139922,793],{"class":109},[55,139924,139925],{"class":129},"a  b   c",[55,139927,1052],{"class":109},[55,139929,139930],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,139931,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,139933,139934,139936,139938,139940,139942,139944],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,139935,62],{"class":61},[55,139937,66],{"class":65},[55,139939,34767],{"class":318},[55,139941,29],{"class":65},[55,139943,34527],{"class":318},[55,139945,278],{"class":65},[55,139947,139948,139950,139952,139954,139956,139958,139960,139962,139964],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,139949,62],{"class":61},[55,139951,66],{"class":65},[55,139953,34767],{"class":318},[55,139955,29],{"class":65},[55,139957,34527],{"class":318},[55,139959,66],{"class":65},[55,139961,126],{"class":109},[55,139963,793],{"class":109},[55,139965,79],{"class":65},[14,139967,281],{},[46,139969,139971],{"className":48,"code":139970,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', '', 'b', '', '', 'c']\n",[18,139972,139973,140001],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,139974,139975,139977,139979,139981,139983,139985,139987,139989,139991,139993,139995,139997,139999],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,139976,4186],{"class":65},[55,139978,1923],{"class":109},[55,139980,294],{"class":129},[55,139982,1923],{"class":109},[55,139984,163],{"class":65},[55,139986,1918],{"class":109},[55,139988,5046],{"class":129},[55,139990,1923],{"class":109},[55,139992,163],{"class":65},[55,139994,1918],{"class":109},[55,139996,9777],{"class":129},[55,139998,1923],{"class":109},[55,140000,924],{"class":65},[55,140002,140003,140005,140007,140009,140011,140013,140015,140017,140019,140021,140023,140025,140027,140029,140031,140033,140035,140037,140039],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,140004,4186],{"class":65},[55,140006,1923],{"class":109},[55,140008,294],{"class":129},[55,140010,1923],{"class":109},[55,140012,163],{"class":65},[55,140014,4126],{"class":109},[55,140016,163],{"class":65},[55,140018,1918],{"class":109},[55,140020,5046],{"class":129},[55,140022,1923],{"class":109},[55,140024,163],{"class":65},[55,140026,4126],{"class":109},[55,140028,163],{"class":65},[55,140030,4126],{"class":109},[55,140032,163],{"class":65},[55,140034,1918],{"class":109},[55,140036,9777],{"class":129},[55,140038,1923],{"class":109},[55,140040,924],{"class":65},[240,140042,140043,140048],{},[243,140044,140045,140047],{},[18,140046,60603],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces",[243,140049,140050,140053],{},[18,140051,140052],{},"split(\" \")"," only splits on the space character and can create empty strings",[14,140055,140056,140057,140061],{},"If you need to clean extra spaces before or after text, ",[294,140058,126428,140059,10780],{"href":136998},[18,140060,41718],{}," is often useful.",[41,140063,140065],{"id":140064},"using-a-custom-separator","Using a custom separator",[14,140067,140068,140069,2493,140072,2497,140074,29],{},"You can pass your own separator, such as ",[18,140070,140071],{},"\",\"",[18,140073,133667],{},[18,140075,140076],{},"\"::\"",[14,140078,140079],{},"Python splits only where that exact separator appears.",[14,140081,140082],{},"Example with commas:",[46,140084,140086],{"className":48,"code":140085,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[18,140087,140088,140100,140122,140126],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,140089,140090,140092,140094,140096,140098],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,140091,34746],{"class":902},[55,140093,906],{"class":703},[55,140095,793],{"class":109},[55,140097,139466],{"class":129},[55,140099,1052],{"class":109},[55,140101,140102,140104,140106,140108,140110,140112,140114,140116,140118,140120],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,140103,42902],{"class":902},[55,140105,906],{"class":703},[55,140107,42907],{"class":902},[55,140109,29],{"class":65},[55,140111,34527],{"class":318},[55,140113,66],{"class":65},[55,140115,126],{"class":109},[55,140117,163],{"class":129},[55,140119,126],{"class":109},[55,140121,322],{"class":65},[55,140123,140124],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,140125,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,140127,140128,140130,140132,140134],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,140129,62],{"class":61},[55,140131,66],{"class":65},[55,140133,42934],{"class":318},[55,140135,322],{"class":65},[14,140137,281],{},[46,140139,140140],{"className":48,"code":78523,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,140141,140142],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,140143,140144,140146,140148,140150,140152,140154,140156,140158,140160,140162,140164,140166,140168],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,140145,4186],{"class":65},[55,140147,1923],{"class":109},[55,140149,4364],{"class":129},[55,140151,1923],{"class":109},[55,140153,163],{"class":65},[55,140155,1918],{"class":109},[55,140157,4373],{"class":129},[55,140159,1923],{"class":109},[55,140161,163],{"class":65},[55,140163,1918],{"class":109},[55,140165,4382],{"class":129},[55,140167,1923],{"class":109},[55,140169,924],{"class":65},[14,140171,140172],{},"Example with a longer separator:",[46,140174,140176],{"className":48,"code":140175,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"2024::10::31\"\nparts = text.split(\"::\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[18,140177,140178,140191,140213,140217],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,140179,140180,140182,140184,140186,140189],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,140181,34746],{"class":902},[55,140183,906],{"class":703},[55,140185,793],{"class":109},[55,140187,140188],{"class":129},"2024::10::31",[55,140190,1052],{"class":109},[55,140192,140193,140195,140197,140199,140201,140203,140205,140207,140209,140211],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,140194,42902],{"class":902},[55,140196,906],{"class":703},[55,140198,42907],{"class":902},[55,140200,29],{"class":65},[55,140202,34527],{"class":318},[55,140204,66],{"class":65},[55,140206,126],{"class":109},[55,140208,76740],{"class":129},[55,140210,126],{"class":109},[55,140212,322],{"class":65},[55,140214,140215],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,140216,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,140218,140219,140221,140223,140225],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,140220,62],{"class":61},[55,140222,66],{"class":65},[55,140224,42934],{"class":318},[55,140226,322],{"class":65},[14,140228,281],{},[46,140230,140232],{"className":48,"code":140231,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['2024', '10', '31']\n",[18,140233,140234],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,140235,140236,140238,140240,140243,140245,140247,140249,140251,140253,140255,140257,140260,140262],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,140237,4186],{"class":65},[55,140239,1923],{"class":109},[55,140241,140242],{"class":129},"2024",[55,140244,1923],{"class":109},[55,140246,163],{"class":65},[55,140248,1918],{"class":109},[55,140250,376],{"class":129},[55,140252,1923],{"class":109},[55,140254,163],{"class":65},[55,140256,1918],{"class":109},[55,140258,140259],{"class":129},"31",[55,140261,1923],{"class":109},[55,140263,924],{"class":65},[14,140265,140266],{},"This is common when working with simple data formats.",[14,140268,140269,140270,29],{},"For more task-focused examples, see ",[294,140271,129112],{"href":129111},[41,140273,1556,140275],{"id":140274},"using-maxsplit",[18,140276,139683],{},[14,140278,140279,140281],{},[18,140280,139683],{}," limits the number of splits.",[14,140283,140284],{},"After that limit is reached, the rest of the string stays together in the last item.",[14,140286,358],{},[46,140288,140290],{"className":48,"code":140289,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"name:age:city:country\"\nparts = text.split(\":\", 2)\n\nprint(parts)\n",[18,140291,140292,140305,140331,140335],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,140293,140294,140296,140298,140300,140303],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,140295,34746],{"class":902},[55,140297,906],{"class":703},[55,140299,793],{"class":109},[55,140301,140302],{"class":129},"name:age:city:country",[55,140304,1052],{"class":109},[55,140306,140307,140309,140311,140313,140315,140317,140319,140321,140323,140325,140327,140329],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,140308,42902],{"class":902},[55,140310,906],{"class":703},[55,140312,42907],{"class":902},[55,140314,29],{"class":65},[55,140316,34527],{"class":318},[55,140318,66],{"class":65},[55,140320,126],{"class":109},[55,140322,790],{"class":129},[55,140324,126],{"class":109},[55,140326,163],{"class":65},[55,140328,166],{"class":75},[55,140330,322],{"class":65},[55,140332,140333],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,140334,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,140336,140337,140339,140341,140343],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,140338,62],{"class":61},[55,140340,66],{"class":65},[55,140342,42934],{"class":318},[55,140344,322],{"class":65},[14,140346,281],{},[46,140348,140350],{"className":48,"code":140349,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['name', 'age', 'city:country']\n",[18,140351,140352],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,140353,140354,140356,140358,140360,140362,140364,140366,140368,140370,140372,140374,140377,140379],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,140355,4186],{"class":65},[55,140357,1923],{"class":109},[55,140359,785],{"class":129},[55,140361,1923],{"class":109},[55,140363,163],{"class":65},[55,140365,1918],{"class":109},[55,140367,9336],{"class":129},[55,140369,1923],{"class":109},[55,140371,163],{"class":65},[55,140373,1918],{"class":109},[55,140375,140376],{"class":129},"city:country",[55,140378,1923],{"class":109},[55,140380,924],{"class":65},[14,140382,2482],{},[240,140384,140385,140390,140395],{},[243,140386,140387,140388],{},"Python splits at the first ",[18,140389,790],{},[243,140391,140392,140393],{},"then splits at the second ",[18,140394,790],{},[243,140396,140397],{},"then stops",[14,140399,140400],{},"This is useful when only the first few separators matter.",[14,140402,52149],{},[46,140404,140406],{"className":48,"code":140405,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"apple banana cherry grape\"\nprint(text.split(\" \", 1))\n",[18,140407,140408,140421],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,140409,140410,140412,140414,140416,140419],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,140411,34746],{"class":902},[55,140413,906],{"class":703},[55,140415,793],{"class":109},[55,140417,140418],{"class":129},"apple banana cherry grape",[55,140420,1052],{"class":109},[55,140422,140423,140425,140427,140429,140431,140433,140435,140437,140439,140441,140443],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,140424,62],{"class":61},[55,140426,66],{"class":65},[55,140428,34767],{"class":318},[55,140430,29],{"class":65},[55,140432,34527],{"class":318},[55,140434,66],{"class":65},[55,140436,126],{"class":109},[55,140438,793],{"class":109},[55,140440,163],{"class":65},[55,140442,5782],{"class":75},[55,140444,79],{"class":65},[14,140446,281],{},[46,140448,140450],{"className":48,"code":140449,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['apple', 'banana cherry grape']\n",[18,140451,140452],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,140453,140454,140456,140458,140460,140462,140464,140466,140469,140471],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,140455,4186],{"class":65},[55,140457,1923],{"class":109},[55,140459,4364],{"class":129},[55,140461,1923],{"class":109},[55,140463,163],{"class":65},[55,140465,1918],{"class":109},[55,140467,140468],{"class":129},"banana cherry grape",[55,140470,1923],{"class":109},[55,140472,924],{"class":65},[41,140474,3970,140476,11748],{"id":140475},"what-split-returns",[18,140477,60603],{},[14,140479,140480,140481,140483,140484,29],{},"The result of ",[18,140482,60603],{}," is always a ",[435,140485,1229],{},[14,140487,140488],{},"Each item in that list is a string.",[14,140490,358],{},[46,140492,140494],{"className":48,"code":140493,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"cat,dog,bird\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\nprint(type(parts))\nprint(parts[0])\n",[18,140495,140496,140509,140531,140535,140545,140559],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,140497,140498,140500,140502,140504,140507],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,140499,34746],{"class":902},[55,140501,906],{"class":703},[55,140503,793],{"class":109},[55,140505,140506],{"class":129},"cat,dog,bird",[55,140508,1052],{"class":109},[55,140510,140511,140513,140515,140517,140519,140521,140523,140525,140527,140529],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,140512,42902],{"class":902},[55,140514,906],{"class":703},[55,140516,42907],{"class":902},[55,140518,29],{"class":65},[55,140520,34527],{"class":318},[55,140522,66],{"class":65},[55,140524,126],{"class":109},[55,140526,163],{"class":129},[55,140528,126],{"class":109},[55,140530,322],{"class":65},[55,140532,140533],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,140534,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,140536,140537,140539,140541,140543],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,140538,62],{"class":61},[55,140540,66],{"class":65},[55,140542,42934],{"class":318},[55,140544,322],{"class":65},[55,140546,140547,140549,140551,140553,140555,140557],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,140548,62],{"class":61},[55,140550,66],{"class":65},[55,140552,1879],{"class":69},[55,140554,66],{"class":65},[55,140556,42934],{"class":318},[55,140558,79],{"class":65},[55,140560,140561,140563,140565,140567,140569,140571],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,140562,62],{"class":61},[55,140564,66],{"class":65},[55,140566,42934],{"class":318},[55,140568,4186],{"class":65},[55,140570,76],{"class":75},[55,140572,4174],{"class":65},[14,140574,281],{},[46,140576,140578],{"className":48,"code":140577,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\ncat\n",[18,140579,140580,140608,140622],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,140581,140582,140584,140586,140588,140590,140592,140594,140596,140598,140600,140602,140604,140606],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,140583,4186],{"class":65},[55,140585,1923],{"class":109},[55,140587,37109],{"class":129},[55,140589,1923],{"class":109},[55,140591,163],{"class":65},[55,140593,1918],{"class":109},[55,140595,58198],{"class":129},[55,140597,1923],{"class":109},[55,140599,163],{"class":65},[55,140601,1918],{"class":109},[55,140603,58215],{"class":129},[55,140605,1923],{"class":109},[55,140607,924],{"class":65},[55,140609,140610,140612,140614,140616,140618,140620],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,140611,1911],{"class":703},[55,140613,1915],{"class":1914},[55,140615,1918],{"class":109},[55,140617,1229],{"class":129},[55,140619,1923],{"class":109},[55,140621,1926],{"class":703},[55,140623,140624],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,140625,85542],{"class":902},[14,140627,140628],{},"Because the result is a list, you can:",[240,140630,140631,140634,140637],{},[243,140632,140633],{},"loop over it",[243,140635,140636],{},"access items by index",[243,140638,140639],{},"combine items again later",[14,140641,140642,140643,29],{},"If you want to turn the list back into one string, use ",[294,140644,126428,140646,10780],{"href":140645},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method\u002F",[18,140647,133510],{},[14,140649,358],{},[46,140651,140653],{"className":48,"code":140652,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"parts = ['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\ntext = \"-\".join(parts)\n\nprint(text)\n",[18,140654,140655,140687,140709,140713],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,140656,140657,140659,140661,140663,140665,140667,140669,140671,140673,140675,140677,140679,140681,140683,140685],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,140658,42902],{"class":902},[55,140660,906],{"class":703},[55,140662,909],{"class":65},[55,140664,1923],{"class":109},[55,140666,37109],{"class":129},[55,140668,1923],{"class":109},[55,140670,163],{"class":65},[55,140672,1918],{"class":109},[55,140674,58198],{"class":129},[55,140676,1923],{"class":109},[55,140678,163],{"class":65},[55,140680,1918],{"class":109},[55,140682,58215],{"class":129},[55,140684,1923],{"class":109},[55,140686,924],{"class":65},[55,140688,140689,140691,140693,140695,140697,140699,140701,140703,140705,140707],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,140690,34746],{"class":902},[55,140692,906],{"class":703},[55,140694,793],{"class":109},[55,140696,704],{"class":129},[55,140698,126],{"class":109},[55,140700,29],{"class":65},[55,140702,133587],{"class":318},[55,140704,66],{"class":65},[55,140706,42934],{"class":318},[55,140708,322],{"class":65},[55,140710,140711],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,140712,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,140714,140715,140717,140719,140721],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,140716,62],{"class":61},[55,140718,66],{"class":65},[55,140720,34767],{"class":318},[55,140722,322],{"class":65},[14,140724,281],{},[46,140726,140728],{"className":48,"code":140727,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"cat-dog-bird\n",[18,140729,140730],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,140731,140732,140734,140736,140738,140740],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,140733,37109],{"class":902},[55,140735,704],{"class":703},[55,140737,58198],{"class":902},[55,140739,704],{"class":703},[55,140741,140742],{"class":902},"bird\n",[41,140744,140746],{"id":140745},"common-edge-cases","Common edge cases",[14,140748,140749],{},"Here are some cases that often surprise beginners.",[889,140751,140753],{"id":140752},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-no-separator","Splitting an empty string with no separator",[46,140755,140757],{"className":48,"code":140756,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[18,140758,140759,140767],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,140760,140761,140763,140765],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,140762,34746],{"class":902},[55,140764,906],{"class":703},[55,140766,1009],{"class":109},[55,140768,140769,140771,140773,140775,140777,140779],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,140770,62],{"class":61},[55,140772,66],{"class":65},[55,140774,34767],{"class":318},[55,140776,29],{"class":65},[55,140778,34527],{"class":318},[55,140780,278],{"class":65},[14,140782,281],{},[46,140784,140785],{"className":48,"code":38360,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,140786,140787],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,140788,140789],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,140790,38360],{"class":65},[889,140792,140794],{"id":140793},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-a-custom-separator","Splitting an empty string with a custom separator",[46,140796,140798],{"className":48,"code":140797,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[18,140799,140800,140808],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,140801,140802,140804,140806],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,140803,34746],{"class":902},[55,140805,906],{"class":703},[55,140807,1009],{"class":109},[55,140809,140810,140812,140814,140816,140818,140820,140822,140824,140826,140828],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,140811,62],{"class":61},[55,140813,66],{"class":65},[55,140815,34767],{"class":318},[55,140817,29],{"class":65},[55,140819,34527],{"class":318},[55,140821,66],{"class":65},[55,140823,126],{"class":109},[55,140825,163],{"class":129},[55,140827,126],{"class":109},[55,140829,79],{"class":65},[14,140831,281],{},[46,140833,140835],{"className":48,"code":140834,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['']\n",[18,140836,140837],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,140838,140839,140841,140843],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,140840,4186],{"class":65},[55,140842,4065],{"class":109},[55,140844,924],{"class":65},[889,140846,140848],{"id":140847},"separator-not-found","Separator not found",[14,140850,140851],{},"If Python does not find the separator, it returns a one-item list containing the original string.",[46,140853,140855],{"className":48,"code":140854,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[18,140856,140857,140869],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,140858,140859,140861,140863,140865,140867],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,140860,34746],{"class":902},[55,140862,906],{"class":703},[55,140864,793],{"class":109},[55,140866,130],{"class":129},[55,140868,1052],{"class":109},[55,140870,140871,140873,140875,140877,140879,140881,140883,140885,140887,140889],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,140872,62],{"class":61},[55,140874,66],{"class":65},[55,140876,34767],{"class":318},[55,140878,29],{"class":65},[55,140880,34527],{"class":318},[55,140882,66],{"class":65},[55,140884,126],{"class":109},[55,140886,163],{"class":129},[55,140888,126],{"class":109},[55,140890,79],{"class":65},[14,140892,281],{},[46,140894,140896],{"className":48,"code":140895,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"['hello']\n",[18,140897,140898],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,140899,140900,140902,140904,140906,140908],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,140901,4186],{"class":65},[55,140903,1923],{"class":109},[55,140905,130],{"class":129},[55,140907,1923],{"class":109},[55,140909,924],{"class":65},[41,140911,5247,140913],{"id":140912},"when-to-use-split",[18,140914,60603],{},[14,140916,212,140917,140919],{},[18,140918,60603],{}," when you need to:",[240,140921,140922,140925,140928],{},[243,140923,140924],{},"split a sentence into words",[243,140926,140927],{},"split comma-separated values",[243,140929,140930],{},"break lines or simple structured text into parts",[14,140932,140933],{},"It is especially useful for tasks like:",[240,140935,140936,140939,140942],{},[243,140937,140938],{},"cleaning text",[243,140940,140941],{},"parsing user input",[243,140943,140944],{},"processing simple file content",[41,140946,1586],{"id":1585},[14,140948,84313],{},[240,140950,140951,140955,140961,140964,140972],{},[243,140952,50574,140953,131648],{},[18,140954,60603],{},[243,140956,140957,140958,140960],{},"forgetting that ",[18,140959,60603],{}," returns a list, not a string",[243,140962,140963],{},"using the wrong separator",[243,140965,140966,140967,140969,140970],{},"assuming ",[18,140968,139906],{}," behaves the same as ",[18,140971,60603],{},[243,140973,140974],{},"using an index that does not exist after splitting",[14,140976,140977],{},"Example of a common mistake:",[46,140979,140981],{"className":48,"code":140980,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"a,b,c\"\ntext.split(\",\")\n\nprint(text)\n",[18,140982,140983,140995,141013,141017],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,140984,140985,140987,140989,140991,140993],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,140986,34746],{"class":902},[55,140988,906],{"class":703},[55,140990,793],{"class":109},[55,140992,42895],{"class":129},[55,140994,1052],{"class":109},[55,140996,140997,140999,141001,141003,141005,141007,141009,141011],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,140998,34767],{"class":902},[55,141000,29],{"class":65},[55,141002,34527],{"class":318},[55,141004,66],{"class":65},[55,141006,126],{"class":109},[55,141008,163],{"class":129},[55,141010,126],{"class":109},[55,141012,322],{"class":65},[55,141014,141015],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,141016,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,141018,141019,141021,141023,141025],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,141020,62],{"class":61},[55,141022,66],{"class":65},[55,141024,34767],{"class":318},[55,141026,322],{"class":65},[14,141028,281],{},[46,141030,141032],{"className":48,"code":141031,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a,b,c\n",[18,141033,141034],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,141035,141036,141038,141040,141042,141044],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,141037,294],{"class":902},[55,141039,163],{"class":65},[55,141041,5046],{"class":902},[55,141043,163],{"class":65},[55,141045,69319],{"class":902},[14,141047,141048],{},"This happens because the result was not saved.",[14,141050,10847],{},[46,141052,141053],{"className":48,"code":42882,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,141054,141055,141067,141089,141093],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,141056,141057,141059,141061,141063,141065],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,141058,34746],{"class":902},[55,141060,906],{"class":703},[55,141062,793],{"class":109},[55,141064,42895],{"class":129},[55,141066,1052],{"class":109},[55,141068,141069,141071,141073,141075,141077,141079,141081,141083,141085,141087],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,141070,42902],{"class":902},[55,141072,906],{"class":703},[55,141074,42907],{"class":902},[55,141076,29],{"class":65},[55,141078,34527],{"class":318},[55,141080,66],{"class":65},[55,141082,126],{"class":109},[55,141084,163],{"class":129},[55,141086,126],{"class":109},[55,141088,322],{"class":65},[55,141090,141091],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,141092,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,141094,141095,141097,141099,141101],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,141096,62],{"class":61},[55,141098,66],{"class":65},[55,141100,42934],{"class":318},[55,141102,322],{"class":65},[14,141104,281],{},[46,141106,141107],{"className":48,"code":42941,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,141108,141109],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,141110,141111,141113,141115,141117,141119,141121,141123,141125,141127,141129,141131,141133,141135],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,141112,4186],{"class":65},[55,141114,1923],{"class":109},[55,141116,294],{"class":129},[55,141118,1923],{"class":109},[55,141120,163],{"class":65},[55,141122,1918],{"class":109},[55,141124,5046],{"class":129},[55,141126,1923],{"class":109},[55,141128,163],{"class":65},[55,141130,1918],{"class":109},[55,141132,9777],{"class":129},[55,141134,1923],{"class":109},[55,141136,924],{"class":65},[14,141138,141139],{},"Another common problem is using an index that does not exist:",[46,141141,141143],{"className":48,"code":141142,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"apple,banana\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts[2])\n",[18,141144,141145,141158,141180,141184],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,141146,141147,141149,141151,141153,141156],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,141148,34746],{"class":902},[55,141150,906],{"class":703},[55,141152,793],{"class":109},[55,141154,141155],{"class":129},"apple,banana",[55,141157,1052],{"class":109},[55,141159,141160,141162,141164,141166,141168,141170,141172,141174,141176,141178],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,141161,42902],{"class":902},[55,141163,906],{"class":703},[55,141165,42907],{"class":902},[55,141167,29],{"class":65},[55,141169,34527],{"class":318},[55,141171,66],{"class":65},[55,141173,126],{"class":109},[55,141175,163],{"class":129},[55,141177,126],{"class":109},[55,141179,322],{"class":65},[55,141181,141182],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,141183,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,141185,141186,141188,141190,141192,141194,141196],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,141187,62],{"class":61},[55,141189,66],{"class":65},[55,141191,42934],{"class":318},[55,141193,4186],{"class":65},[55,141195,707],{"class":75},[55,141197,4174],{"class":65},[14,141199,141200,141201,29],{},"This causes an error because there is no third item. If you need help with that, see ",[294,141202,69332],{"href":69331},[889,141204,60782],{"id":60781},[14,141206,2029,141207,141209],{},[18,141208,60603],{}," is not giving the result you expect, try printing these:",[46,141211,141213],{"className":48,"code":141212,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(text)\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(','))\nprint(len(text.split(',')))\nprint(type(text.split(',')))\n",[18,141214,141215,141225,141239,141261,141287],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,141216,141217,141219,141221,141223],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,141218,62],{"class":61},[55,141220,66],{"class":65},[55,141222,34767],{"class":318},[55,141224,322],{"class":65},[55,141226,141227,141229,141231,141233,141235,141237],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,141228,62],{"class":61},[55,141230,66],{"class":65},[55,141232,34767],{"class":318},[55,141234,29],{"class":65},[55,141236,34527],{"class":318},[55,141238,278],{"class":65},[55,141240,141241,141243,141245,141247,141249,141251,141253,141255,141257,141259],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,141242,62],{"class":61},[55,141244,66],{"class":65},[55,141246,34767],{"class":318},[55,141248,29],{"class":65},[55,141250,34527],{"class":318},[55,141252,66],{"class":65},[55,141254,1923],{"class":109},[55,141256,163],{"class":129},[55,141258,1923],{"class":109},[55,141260,79],{"class":65},[55,141262,141263,141265,141267,141269,141271,141273,141275,141277,141279,141281,141283,141285],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,141264,62],{"class":61},[55,141266,66],{"class":65},[55,141268,11202],{"class":61},[55,141270,66],{"class":65},[55,141272,34767],{"class":318},[55,141274,29],{"class":65},[55,141276,34527],{"class":318},[55,141278,66],{"class":65},[55,141280,1923],{"class":109},[55,141282,163],{"class":129},[55,141284,1923],{"class":109},[55,141286,769],{"class":65},[55,141288,141289,141291,141293,141295,141297,141299,141301,141303,141305,141307,141309,141311],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,141290,62],{"class":61},[55,141292,66],{"class":65},[55,141294,1879],{"class":69},[55,141296,66],{"class":65},[55,141298,34767],{"class":318},[55,141300,29],{"class":65},[55,141302,34527],{"class":318},[55,141304,66],{"class":65},[55,141306,1923],{"class":109},[55,141308,163],{"class":129},[55,141310,1923],{"class":109},[55,141312,769],{"class":65},[14,141314,11211],{},[240,141316,141317,141320,141323,141326],{},[243,141318,141319],{},"what the original string looks like",[243,141321,141322],{},"which separator works",[243,141324,141325],{},"how many items were created",[243,141327,141328],{},"that the result is a list",[41,141330,2139],{"id":2138},[889,141332,5466,141334,4679,141336,2794],{"id":141333},"what-is-the-difference-between-split-and-split",[18,141335,60603],{},[18,141337,139906],{},[14,141339,141340,141342],{},[18,141341,60603],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces.",[14,141344,141345,141347],{},[18,141346,139906],{}," only splits on the space character and can produce empty strings.",[889,141349,12748,141351,124755],{"id":141350},"does-split-change-the-original-string",[18,141352,60603],{},[14,141354,141355,141356,56549],{},"No. Strings are immutable. ",[18,141357,60603],{},[889,141359,5429,141361,40024],{"id":141360},"what-does-maxsplit-do",[18,141362,139683],{},[14,141364,141365],{},"It sets the maximum number of splits. After that, the rest of the string stays in the final list item.",[889,141367,141369],{"id":141368},"why-am-i-getting-a-list-instead-of-a-string","Why am I getting a list instead of a string?",[14,141371,29116,141372,141374],{},[18,141373,60603],{}," always returns a list of strings.",[41,141376,2193],{"id":2192},[240,141378,141379,141383,141389,141395,141399],{},[243,141380,141381],{},[294,141382,130033],{"href":129111},[243,141384,141385],{},[294,141386,126428,141387,10780],{"href":140645},[18,141388,133510],{},[243,141390,141391],{},[294,141392,126428,141393,10780],{"href":136998},[18,141394,41718],{},[243,141396,141397],{},[294,141398,125183],{"href":51044},[243,141400,141401],{},[294,141402,69332],{"href":69331},[2226,141404,141405],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html 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var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":141407},[141408,141409,141411,141412,141417,141418,141420,141422,141427,141429,141432,141441],{"id":2307,"depth":82,"text":2308},{"id":139513,"depth":82,"text":141410},"What split() does",{"id":2459,"depth":82,"text":2460},{"id":139761,"depth":82,"text":141413,"children":141414},"Using split() with no separator",[141415],{"id":139901,"depth":98,"text":141416},"split() vs split(' ')",{"id":140064,"depth":82,"text":140065},{"id":140274,"depth":82,"text":141419},"Using maxsplit",{"id":140475,"depth":82,"text":141421},"What split() returns",{"id":140745,"depth":82,"text":140746,"children":141423},[141424,141425,141426],{"id":140752,"depth":98,"text":140753},{"id":140793,"depth":98,"text":140794},{"id":140847,"depth":98,"text":140848},{"id":140912,"depth":82,"text":141428},"When to use split()",{"id":1585,"depth":82,"text":1586,"children":141430},[141431],{"id":60781,"depth":98,"text":60782},{"id":2138,"depth":82,"text":2139,"children":141433},[141434,141436,141438,141440],{"id":141333,"depth":98,"text":141435},"What is the difference between split() and split(' ')?",{"id":141350,"depth":98,"text":141437},"Does split() change the original string?",{"id":141360,"depth":98,"text":141439},"What does maxsplit do?",{"id":141368,"depth":98,"text":141369},{"id":2192,"depth":82,"text":2193},"Master python string split method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method",{"title":139422,"description":141442},"reference\u002Fpython-string-split-method","cCGXdWx7_YYjF-3k7XJupk3UdiQY7ADrDK7YZ7Egp2A",{"id":141449,"title":141450,"body":141451,"description":143394,"extension":2267,"meta":143395,"navigation":1121,"path":143396,"seo":143397,"stem":143398,"__hash__":143399},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method.md","Python String startswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":141452,"toc":143353},[141453,141458,141463,141470,141543,141548,141553,141558,141574,141576,141646,141648,141650,141670,141672,141717,141722,141724,141822,141827,141831,141836,141840,141843,141885,141889,141892,141937,141941,141944,141994,141998,142003,142055,142057,142062,142073,142078,142158,142160,142172,142181,142188,142203,142205,142320,142326,142330,142333,142338,142480,142483,142490,142492,142496,142504,142573,142579,142628,142633,142638,142640,142660,142662,142728,142730,142734,142737,142741,142782,142784,142817,142822,142825,142852,142854,142897,142904,142909,142919,142985,142989,142997,143002,143053,143057,143060,143062,143071,143073,143123,143125,143232,143234,143239,143246,143252,143255,143286,143291,143293,143300,143308,143317,143320,143322,143350],[10,141454,123428,141456,11363],{"id":141455},"python-string-startswith-method",[18,141457,127796],{},[14,141459,123433,141460,141462],{},[18,141461,127796],{}," method checks whether a string begins with specific text.",[14,141464,126494,141465,25,141467,141469],{},[18,141466,24],{},[18,141468,28],{}," answer. Beginners often use it to test commands, filenames, labels, and other text patterns.",[46,141471,141473],{"className":48,"code":141472,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"Python Beginner Help\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Python\"))   # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"Beginner\")) # False\n",[18,141474,141475,141488,141492,141517],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,141476,141477,141479,141481,141483,141486],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,141478,34746],{"class":902},[55,141480,906],{"class":703},[55,141482,793],{"class":109},[55,141484,141485],{"class":129},"Python Beginner Help",[55,141487,1052],{"class":109},[55,141489,141490],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,141491,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,141493,141494,141496,141498,141500,141502,141505,141507,141509,141511,141513,141515],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,141495,62],{"class":61},[55,141497,66],{"class":65},[55,141499,34767],{"class":318},[55,141501,29],{"class":65},[55,141503,141504],{"class":318},"startswith",[55,141506,66],{"class":65},[55,141508,126],{"class":109},[55,141510,393],{"class":129},[55,141512,126],{"class":109},[55,141514,5645],{"class":65},[55,141516,43921],{"class":3956},[55,141518,141519,141521,141523,141525,141527,141529,141531,141533,141536,141538,141540],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,141520,62],{"class":61},[55,141522,66],{"class":65},[55,141524,34767],{"class":318},[55,141526,29],{"class":65},[55,141528,141504],{"class":318},[55,141530,66],{"class":65},[55,141532,126],{"class":109},[55,141534,141535],{"class":129},"Beginner",[55,141537,126],{"class":109},[55,141539,5645],{"class":65},[55,141541,141542],{"class":3956}," # False\n",[14,141544,212,141545,141547],{},[18,141546,127796],{}," when you want to check whether a string begins with certain text.",[41,141549,3970,141551,3973],{"id":141550},"what-startswith-does",[18,141552,127796],{},[14,141554,141555,141557],{},[18,141556,127796],{}," is a string method that checks the beginning of a string.",[240,141559,141560,141563,141569,141571],{},[243,141561,141562],{},"It checks whether a string begins with a given value",[243,141564,2157,141565,25,141567],{},[18,141566,24],{},[18,141568,28],{},[243,141570,123571],{},[243,141572,141573],{},"It works only on strings",[14,141575,358],{},[46,141577,141579],{"className":48,"code":141578,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name = \"Python\"\n\nprint(name.startswith(\"Py\"))   # True\nprint(name.startswith(\"py\"))   # False\n",[18,141580,141581,141593,141597,141622],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,141582,141583,141585,141587,141589,141591],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,141584,1004],{"class":902},[55,141586,906],{"class":703},[55,141588,793],{"class":109},[55,141590,393],{"class":129},[55,141592,1052],{"class":109},[55,141594,141595],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,141596,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,141598,141599,141601,141603,141605,141607,141609,141611,141613,141616,141618,141620],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,141600,62],{"class":61},[55,141602,66],{"class":65},[55,141604,785],{"class":318},[55,141606,29],{"class":65},[55,141608,141504],{"class":318},[55,141610,66],{"class":65},[55,141612,126],{"class":109},[55,141614,141615],{"class":129},"Py",[55,141617,126],{"class":109},[55,141619,5645],{"class":65},[55,141621,43921],{"class":3956},[55,141623,141624,141626,141628,141630,141632,141634,141636,141638,141640,141642,141644],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,141625,62],{"class":61},[55,141627,66],{"class":65},[55,141629,785],{"class":318},[55,141631,29],{"class":65},[55,141633,141504],{"class":318},[55,141635,66],{"class":65},[55,141637,126],{"class":109},[55,141639,128874],{"class":129},[55,141641,126],{"class":109},[55,141643,5645],{"class":65},[55,141645,43938],{"class":3956},[41,141647,2460],{"id":2459},[14,141649,42450],{},[46,141651,141653],{"className":48,"code":141652,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"string.startswith(prefix)\n",[18,141654,141655],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,141656,141657,141659,141661,141663,141665,141668],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,141658,61246],{"class":902},[55,141660,29],{"class":65},[55,141662,141504],{"class":318},[55,141664,66],{"class":65},[55,141666,141667],{"class":318},"prefix",[55,141669,322],{"class":65},[14,141671,30820],{},[46,141673,141675],{"className":48,"code":141674,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"string.startswith(prefix, start)\nstring.startswith(prefix, start, end)\n",[18,141676,141677,141695],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,141678,141679,141681,141683,141685,141687,141689,141691,141693],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,141680,61246],{"class":902},[55,141682,29],{"class":65},[55,141684,141504],{"class":318},[55,141686,66],{"class":65},[55,141688,141667],{"class":318},[55,141690,163],{"class":65},[55,141692,36112],{"class":318},[55,141694,322],{"class":65},[55,141696,141697,141699,141701,141703,141705,141707,141709,141711,141713,141715],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,141698,61246],{"class":902},[55,141700,29],{"class":65},[55,141702,141504],{"class":318},[55,141704,66],{"class":65},[55,141706,141667],{"class":318},[55,141708,163],{"class":65},[55,141710,36112],{"class":318},[55,141712,163],{"class":65},[55,141714,65113],{"class":318},[55,141716,322],{"class":65},[14,141718,20822,141719,141721],{},[18,141720,141667],{}," is the text you want to check at the beginning.",[14,141723,358],{},[46,141725,141727],{"className":48,"code":141726,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"hello\"))      # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))      # False\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))   # True\n",[18,141728,141729,141741,141745,141770,141794],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,141730,141731,141733,141735,141737,141739],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,141732,34746],{"class":902},[55,141734,906],{"class":703},[55,141736,793],{"class":109},[55,141738,60478],{"class":129},[55,141740,1052],{"class":109},[55,141742,141743],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,141744,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,141746,141747,141749,141751,141753,141755,141757,141759,141761,141763,141765,141767],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,141748,62],{"class":61},[55,141750,66],{"class":65},[55,141752,34767],{"class":318},[55,141754,29],{"class":65},[55,141756,141504],{"class":318},[55,141758,66],{"class":65},[55,141760,126],{"class":109},[55,141762,130],{"class":129},[55,141764,126],{"class":109},[55,141766,5645],{"class":65},[55,141768,141769],{"class":3956},"      # True\n",[55,141771,141772,141774,141776,141778,141780,141782,141784,141786,141788,141790,141792],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,141773,62],{"class":61},[55,141775,66],{"class":65},[55,141777,34767],{"class":318},[55,141779,29],{"class":65},[55,141781,141504],{"class":318},[55,141783,66],{"class":65},[55,141785,126],{"class":109},[55,141787,60663],{"class":129},[55,141789,126],{"class":109},[55,141791,5645],{"class":65},[55,141793,21252],{"class":3956},[55,141795,141796,141798,141800,141802,141804,141806,141808,141810,141812,141814,141816,141818,141820],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,141797,62],{"class":61},[55,141799,66],{"class":65},[55,141801,34767],{"class":318},[55,141803,29],{"class":65},[55,141805,141504],{"class":318},[55,141807,66],{"class":65},[55,141809,126],{"class":109},[55,141811,60663],{"class":129},[55,141813,126],{"class":109},[55,141815,163],{"class":65},[55,141817,37706],{"class":75},[55,141819,5645],{"class":65},[55,141821,43921],{"class":3956},[14,141823,141824,141825,29],{},"If you are new to Python strings, see ",[294,141826,125183],{"href":51044},[41,141828,141830],{"id":141829},"parameters-explained","Parameters explained",[14,141832,141833,141835],{},[18,141834,127796],{}," can take up to three arguments.",[889,141837,141838],{"id":141667},[18,141839,141667],{},[14,141841,141842],{},"This is the starting text you want to match.",[46,141844,141846],{"className":48,"code":141845,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"ban\"))  # True\n",[18,141847,141848,141860],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,141849,141850,141852,141854,141856,141858],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,141851,34746],{"class":902},[55,141853,906],{"class":703},[55,141855,793],{"class":109},[55,141857,4373],{"class":129},[55,141859,1052],{"class":109},[55,141861,141862,141864,141866,141868,141870,141872,141874,141876,141879,141881,141883],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,141863,62],{"class":61},[55,141865,66],{"class":65},[55,141867,34767],{"class":318},[55,141869,29],{"class":65},[55,141871,141504],{"class":318},[55,141873,66],{"class":65},[55,141875,126],{"class":109},[55,141877,141878],{"class":129},"ban",[55,141880,126],{"class":109},[55,141882,5645],{"class":65},[55,141884,3957],{"class":3956},[889,141886,141887],{"id":36133},[18,141888,36133],{},[14,141890,141891],{},"This optional number tells Python where to begin checking.",[46,141893,141895],{"className":48,"code":141894,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))  # True\n",[18,141896,141897,141909],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,141898,141899,141901,141903,141905,141907],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,141900,34746],{"class":902},[55,141902,906],{"class":703},[55,141904,793],{"class":109},[55,141906,60478],{"class":129},[55,141908,1052],{"class":109},[55,141910,141911,141913,141915,141917,141919,141921,141923,141925,141927,141929,141931,141933,141935],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,141912,62],{"class":61},[55,141914,66],{"class":65},[55,141916,34767],{"class":318},[55,141918,29],{"class":65},[55,141920,141504],{"class":318},[55,141922,66],{"class":65},[55,141924,126],{"class":109},[55,141926,60663],{"class":129},[55,141928,126],{"class":109},[55,141930,163],{"class":65},[55,141932,37706],{"class":75},[55,141934,5645],{"class":65},[55,141936,3957],{"class":3956},[889,141938,141939],{"id":52730},[18,141940,52730],{},[14,141942,141943],{},"This optional number tells Python where to stop checking.",[46,141945,141947],{"className":48,"code":141946,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"wor\", 6, 9))  # True\n",[18,141948,141949,141961],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,141950,141951,141953,141955,141957,141959],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,141952,34746],{"class":902},[55,141954,906],{"class":703},[55,141956,793],{"class":109},[55,141958,60478],{"class":129},[55,141960,1052],{"class":109},[55,141962,141963,141965,141967,141969,141971,141973,141975,141977,141980,141982,141984,141986,141988,141990,141992],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,141964,62],{"class":61},[55,141966,66],{"class":65},[55,141968,34767],{"class":318},[55,141970,29],{"class":65},[55,141972,141504],{"class":318},[55,141974,66],{"class":65},[55,141976,126],{"class":109},[55,141978,141979],{"class":129},"wor",[55,141981,126],{"class":109},[55,141983,163],{"class":65},[55,141985,37706],{"class":75},[55,141987,163],{"class":65},[55,141989,54206],{"class":75},[55,141991,5645],{"class":65},[55,141993,3957],{"class":3956},[889,141995,141997],{"id":141996},"multiple-prefixes","Multiple prefixes",[14,141999,142000,142002],{},[18,142001,141667],{}," can also be a tuple of strings. This lets you test more than one possible beginning.",[46,142004,142006],{"className":48,"code":142005,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"filename = \"img_001.png\"\nprint(filename.startswith((\"img_\", \"photo_\")))  # True\n",[18,142007,142008,142021],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,142009,142010,142012,142014,142016,142019],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,142011,126511],{"class":902},[55,142013,906],{"class":703},[55,142015,793],{"class":109},[55,142017,142018],{"class":129},"img_001.png",[55,142020,1052],{"class":109},[55,142022,142023,142025,142027,142029,142031,142033,142035,142037,142040,142042,142044,142046,142049,142051,142053],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,142024,62],{"class":61},[55,142026,66],{"class":65},[55,142028,126529],{"class":318},[55,142030,29],{"class":65},[55,142032,141504],{"class":318},[55,142034,760],{"class":65},[55,142036,126],{"class":109},[55,142038,142039],{"class":129},"img_",[55,142041,126],{"class":109},[55,142043,163],{"class":65},[55,142045,793],{"class":109},[55,142047,142048],{"class":129},"photo_",[55,142050,126],{"class":109},[55,142052,51160],{"class":65},[55,142054,3957],{"class":3956},[41,142056,17468],{"id":17467},[14,142058,142059,142061],{},[18,142060,127796],{}," always returns a Boolean value:",[240,142063,142064,142069],{},[243,142065,142066,142068],{},[18,142067,24],{}," if the string starts with the prefix",[243,142070,142071,127113],{},[18,142072,28],{},[14,142074,142075,142076,256],{},"This makes it useful in ",[18,142077,38],{},[46,142079,142081],{"className":48,"code":142080,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"command = \"\u002Fhelp\"\n\nif command.startswith(\"\u002F\"):\n    print(\"This looks like a command.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is normal text.\")\n",[18,142082,142083,142097,142101,142122,142137,142143],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,142084,142085,142088,142090,142092,142095],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,142086,142087],{"class":902},"command ",[55,142089,906],{"class":703},[55,142091,793],{"class":109},[55,142093,142094],{"class":129},"\u002Fhelp",[55,142096,1052],{"class":109},[55,142098,142099],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,142100,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,142102,142103,142105,142108,142110,142112,142114,142116,142118,142120],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,142104,38],{"class":1193},[55,142106,142107],{"class":902}," command",[55,142109,29],{"class":65},[55,142111,141504],{"class":318},[55,142113,66],{"class":65},[55,142115,126],{"class":109},[55,142117,127320],{"class":129},[55,142119,126],{"class":109},[55,142121,1480],{"class":65},[55,142123,142124,142126,142128,142130,142133,142135],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,142125,1204],{"class":61},[55,142127,66],{"class":65},[55,142129,126],{"class":109},[55,142131,142132],{"class":129},"This looks like a command.",[55,142134,126],{"class":109},[55,142136,322],{"class":65},[55,142138,142139,142141],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,142140,27488],{"class":1193},[55,142142,1199],{"class":65},[55,142144,142145,142147,142149,142151,142154,142156],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,142146,1204],{"class":61},[55,142148,66],{"class":65},[55,142150,126],{"class":109},[55,142152,142153],{"class":129},"This is normal text.",[55,142155,126],{"class":109},[55,142157,322],{"class":65},[14,142159,281],{},[46,142161,142163],{"className":48,"code":142162,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"This looks like a command.\n",[18,142164,142165],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,142166,142167,142170],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,142168,142169],{"class":902},"This looks like a command",[55,142171,122460],{"class":65},[41,142173,1556,142175,1851,142177,4679,142179],{"id":142174},"using-startswith-with-start-and-end",[18,142176,127796],{},[18,142178,36133],{},[18,142180,52730],{},[14,142182,16,142183,4679,142185,142187],{},[18,142184,36133],{},[18,142186,52730],{}," arguments let you check part of a string without slicing it yourself.",[240,142189,142190,142195,142200],{},[243,142191,142192,142194],{},[18,142193,36133],{}," lets you begin checking from a later position",[243,142196,142197,142199],{},[18,142198,52730],{}," limits the part of the string being checked",[243,142201,142202],{},"This is useful when working with substrings",[14,142204,358],{},[46,142206,142208],{"className":48,"code":142207,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"one two three\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"two\", 4))        # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 13))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 12))  # False\n",[18,142209,142210,142222,142226,142255,142288],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,142211,142212,142214,142216,142218,142220],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,142213,34746],{"class":902},[55,142215,906],{"class":703},[55,142217,793],{"class":109},[55,142219,139707],{"class":129},[55,142221,1052],{"class":109},[55,142223,142224],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,142225,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,142227,142228,142230,142232,142234,142236,142238,142240,142242,142244,142246,142248,142250,142252],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,142229,62],{"class":61},[55,142231,66],{"class":65},[55,142233,34767],{"class":318},[55,142235,29],{"class":65},[55,142237,141504],{"class":318},[55,142239,66],{"class":65},[55,142241,126],{"class":109},[55,142243,79344],{"class":129},[55,142245,126],{"class":109},[55,142247,163],{"class":65},[55,142249,2759],{"class":75},[55,142251,5645],{"class":65},[55,142253,142254],{"class":3956},"        # True\n",[55,142256,142257,142259,142261,142263,142265,142267,142269,142271,142273,142275,142277,142279,142281,142284,142286],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,142258,62],{"class":61},[55,142260,66],{"class":65},[55,142262,34767],{"class":318},[55,142264,29],{"class":65},[55,142266,141504],{"class":318},[55,142268,66],{"class":65},[55,142270,126],{"class":109},[55,142272,134314],{"class":129},[55,142274,126],{"class":109},[55,142276,163],{"class":65},[55,142278,6636],{"class":75},[55,142280,163],{"class":65},[55,142282,142283],{"class":75}," 13",[55,142285,5645],{"class":65},[55,142287,3957],{"class":3956},[55,142289,142290,142292,142294,142296,142298,142300,142302,142304,142306,142308,142310,142312,142314,142316,142318],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,142291,62],{"class":61},[55,142293,66],{"class":65},[55,142295,34767],{"class":318},[55,142297,29],{"class":65},[55,142299,141504],{"class":318},[55,142301,66],{"class":65},[55,142303,126],{"class":109},[55,142305,134314],{"class":129},[55,142307,126],{"class":109},[55,142309,163],{"class":65},[55,142311,6636],{"class":75},[55,142313,163],{"class":65},[55,142315,30999],{"class":75},[55,142317,5645],{"class":65},[55,142319,5057],{"class":3956},[14,142321,142322,142323,142325],{},"In the last example, the ",[18,142324,52730],{}," position stops too early, so the full prefix cannot match.",[41,142327,142329],{"id":142328},"using-multiple-prefixes","Using multiple prefixes",[14,142331,142332],{},"If more than one prefix is allowed, pass a tuple.",[14,142334,142335,142336,49416],{},"This is cleaner than writing several ",[18,142337,40901],{},[46,142339,142341],{"className":48,"code":142340,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"filename1 = \"img_101.jpg\"\nfilename2 = \"photo_202.jpg\"\nfilename3 = \"doc_303.jpg\"\n\nallowed = (\"img_\", \"photo_\")\n\nprint(filename1.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename2.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename3.startswith(allowed))  # False\n",[18,142342,142343,142357,142371,142385,142389,142413,142417,142438,142459],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,142344,142345,142348,142350,142352,142355],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,142346,142347],{"class":902},"filename1 ",[55,142349,906],{"class":703},[55,142351,793],{"class":109},[55,142353,142354],{"class":129},"img_101.jpg",[55,142356,1052],{"class":109},[55,142358,142359,142362,142364,142366,142369],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,142360,142361],{"class":902},"filename2 ",[55,142363,906],{"class":703},[55,142365,793],{"class":109},[55,142367,142368],{"class":129},"photo_202.jpg",[55,142370,1052],{"class":109},[55,142372,142373,142376,142378,142380,142383],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,142374,142375],{"class":902},"filename3 ",[55,142377,906],{"class":703},[55,142379,793],{"class":109},[55,142381,142382],{"class":129},"doc_303.jpg",[55,142384,1052],{"class":109},[55,142386,142387],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,142388,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,142390,142391,142393,142395,142397,142399,142401,142403,142405,142407,142409,142411],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,142392,127723],{"class":902},[55,142394,906],{"class":703},[55,142396,9273],{"class":65},[55,142398,126],{"class":109},[55,142400,142039],{"class":129},[55,142402,126],{"class":109},[55,142404,163],{"class":65},[55,142406,793],{"class":109},[55,142408,142048],{"class":129},[55,142410,126],{"class":109},[55,142412,322],{"class":65},[55,142414,142415],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,142416,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,142418,142419,142421,142423,142426,142428,142430,142432,142434,142436],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,142420,62],{"class":61},[55,142422,66],{"class":65},[55,142424,142425],{"class":318},"filename1",[55,142427,29],{"class":65},[55,142429,141504],{"class":318},[55,142431,66],{"class":65},[55,142433,127775],{"class":318},[55,142435,5645],{"class":65},[55,142437,3957],{"class":3956},[55,142439,142440,142442,142444,142447,142449,142451,142453,142455,142457],{"class":57,"line":582},[55,142441,62],{"class":61},[55,142443,66],{"class":65},[55,142445,142446],{"class":318},"filename2",[55,142448,29],{"class":65},[55,142450,141504],{"class":318},[55,142452,66],{"class":65},[55,142454,127775],{"class":318},[55,142456,5645],{"class":65},[55,142458,3957],{"class":3956},[55,142460,142461,142463,142465,142468,142470,142472,142474,142476,142478],{"class":57,"line":6706},[55,142462,62],{"class":61},[55,142464,66],{"class":65},[55,142466,142467],{"class":318},"filename3",[55,142469,29],{"class":65},[55,142471,141504],{"class":318},[55,142473,66],{"class":65},[55,142475,127775],{"class":318},[55,142477,5645],{"class":65},[55,142479,5057],{"class":3956},[14,142481,142482],{},"This is especially helpful when checking file naming rules.",[14,142484,74845,142485,142489],{},[294,142486,126428,142487,10780],{"href":130022},[18,142488,126486],{}," if you need to check the end of a string instead.",[41,142491,124075],{"id":124074},[14,142493,142494,123886],{},[18,142495,127796],{},[14,142497,127473,142498,4679,142501,127480],{},[18,142499,142500],{},"\"Python\"",[18,142502,142503],{},"\"python\"",[46,142505,142507],{"className":48,"code":142506,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"py\"))  # False\n",[18,142508,142509,142521,142525,142549],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,142510,142511,142513,142515,142517,142519],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,142512,34746],{"class":902},[55,142514,906],{"class":703},[55,142516,793],{"class":109},[55,142518,393],{"class":129},[55,142520,1052],{"class":109},[55,142522,142523],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,142524,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,142526,142527,142529,142531,142533,142535,142537,142539,142541,142543,142545,142547],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,142528,62],{"class":61},[55,142530,66],{"class":65},[55,142532,34767],{"class":318},[55,142534,29],{"class":65},[55,142536,141504],{"class":318},[55,142538,66],{"class":65},[55,142540,126],{"class":109},[55,142542,141615],{"class":129},[55,142544,126],{"class":109},[55,142546,5645],{"class":65},[55,142548,3957],{"class":3956},[55,142550,142551,142553,142555,142557,142559,142561,142563,142565,142567,142569,142571],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,142552,62],{"class":61},[55,142554,66],{"class":65},[55,142556,34767],{"class":318},[55,142558,29],{"class":65},[55,142560,141504],{"class":318},[55,142562,66],{"class":65},[55,142564,126],{"class":109},[55,142566,128874],{"class":129},[55,142568,126],{"class":109},[55,142570,5645],{"class":65},[55,142572,5057],{"class":3956},[14,142574,127565,142575,29],{},[294,142576,142577],{"href":124155},[18,142578,124158],{},[46,142580,142582],{"className":48,"code":142581,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))  # True\n",[18,142583,142584,142596,142600],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,142585,142586,142588,142590,142592,142594],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,142587,34746],{"class":902},[55,142589,906],{"class":703},[55,142591,793],{"class":109},[55,142593,393],{"class":129},[55,142595,1052],{"class":109},[55,142597,142598],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,142599,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,142601,142602,142604,142606,142608,142610,142612,142614,142616,142618,142620,142622,142624,142626],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,142603,62],{"class":61},[55,142605,66],{"class":65},[55,142607,34767],{"class":318},[55,142609,29],{"class":65},[55,142611,1786],{"class":318},[55,142613,1783],{"class":65},[55,142615,141504],{"class":318},[55,142617,66],{"class":65},[55,142619,126],{"class":109},[55,142621,128874],{"class":129},[55,142623,126],{"class":109},[55,142625,5645],{"class":65},[55,142627,3957],{"class":3956},[41,142629,5247,142631],{"id":142630},"when-to-use-startswith",[18,142632,127796],{},[14,142634,142635,142637],{},[18,142636,127796],{}," is useful in many real programs.",[14,142639,9411],{},[240,142641,142642,142645,142648,142657],{},[243,142643,142644],{},"Checking filename patterns at the start",[243,142646,142647],{},"Checking user input prefixes such as commands",[243,142649,142650,142651,25,142654],{},"Validating text formats like ",[18,142652,142653],{},"http:\u002F\u002F",[18,142655,142656],{},"https:\u002F\u002F",[243,142658,142659],{},"Making code easier to read than manual slicing",[14,142661,358],{},[46,142663,142665],{"className":48,"code":142664,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\"\n\nif url.startswith((\"http:\u002F\u002F\", \"https:\u002F\u002F\")):\n    print(\"This looks like a web URL.\")\n",[18,142666,142667,142680,142684,142713],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,142668,142669,142671,142673,142675,142678],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,142670,127291],{"class":902},[55,142672,906],{"class":703},[55,142674,793],{"class":109},[55,142676,142677],{"class":129},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com",[55,142679,1052],{"class":109},[55,142681,142682],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,142683,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,142685,142686,142688,142691,142693,142695,142697,142699,142701,142703,142705,142707,142709,142711],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,142687,38],{"class":1193},[55,142689,142690],{"class":902}," url",[55,142692,29],{"class":65},[55,142694,141504],{"class":318},[55,142696,760],{"class":65},[55,142698,126],{"class":109},[55,142700,142653],{"class":129},[55,142702,126],{"class":109},[55,142704,163],{"class":65},[55,142706,793],{"class":109},[55,142708,142656],{"class":129},[55,142710,126],{"class":109},[55,142712,69636],{"class":65},[55,142714,142715,142717,142719,142721,142724,142726],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,142716,1204],{"class":61},[55,142718,66],{"class":65},[55,142720,126],{"class":109},[55,142722,142723],{"class":129},"This looks like a web URL.",[55,142725,126],{"class":109},[55,142727,322],{"class":65},[41,142729,1586],{"id":1585},[14,142731,23147,142732,29],{},[18,142733,127796],{},[889,142735,138868],{"id":142736},"using-the-wrong-letter-case",[14,142738,142739,123886],{},[18,142740,127796],{},[46,142742,142744],{"className":48,"code":142743,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"python\"))  # False\n",[18,142745,142746,142758],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,142747,142748,142750,142752,142754,142756],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,142749,34746],{"class":902},[55,142751,906],{"class":703},[55,142753,793],{"class":109},[55,142755,393],{"class":129},[55,142757,1052],{"class":109},[55,142759,142760,142762,142764,142766,142768,142770,142772,142774,142776,142778,142780],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,142761,62],{"class":61},[55,142763,66],{"class":65},[55,142765,34767],{"class":318},[55,142767,29],{"class":65},[55,142769,141504],{"class":318},[55,142771,66],{"class":65},[55,142773,126],{"class":109},[55,142775,50],{"class":129},[55,142777,126],{"class":109},[55,142779,5645],{"class":65},[55,142781,5057],{"class":3956},[14,142783,39325],{},[46,142785,142787],{"className":48,"code":142786,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(text.lower().startswith(\"python\"))  # True\n",[18,142788,142789],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,142790,142791,142793,142795,142797,142799,142801,142803,142805,142807,142809,142811,142813,142815],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,142792,62],{"class":61},[55,142794,66],{"class":65},[55,142796,34767],{"class":318},[55,142798,29],{"class":65},[55,142800,1786],{"class":318},[55,142802,1783],{"class":65},[55,142804,141504],{"class":318},[55,142806,66],{"class":65},[55,142808,126],{"class":109},[55,142810,50],{"class":129},[55,142812,126],{"class":109},[55,142814,5645],{"class":65},[55,142816,3957],{"class":3956},[889,142818,29705,142820,137350],{"id":142819},"calling-startswith-on-a-non-string-value",[18,142821,127796],{},[14,142823,142824],{},"This method works on strings, not numbers or lists.",[46,142826,142828],{"className":48,"code":142827,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = 123\n\n# This will cause an error:\n# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[18,142829,142830,142838,142842,142847],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,142831,142832,142834,142836],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,142833,1654],{"class":902},[55,142835,906],{"class":703},[55,142837,125110],{"class":75},[55,142839,142840],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,142841,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,142843,142844],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,142845,142846],{"class":3956},"# This will cause an error:\n",[55,142848,142849],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,142850,142851],{"class":3956},"# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[14,142853,39325],{},[46,142855,142857],{"className":48,"code":142856,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = str(123)\nprint(value.startswith(\"1\"))  # True\n",[18,142858,142859,142873],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,142860,142861,142863,142865,142867,142869,142871],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,142862,1654],{"class":902},[55,142864,906],{"class":703},[55,142866,48972],{"class":69},[55,142868,66],{"class":65},[55,142870,50314],{"class":75},[55,142872,322],{"class":65},[55,142874,142875,142877,142879,142881,142883,142885,142887,142889,142891,142893,142895],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,142876,62],{"class":61},[55,142878,66],{"class":65},[55,142880,319],{"class":318},[55,142882,29],{"class":65},[55,142884,141504],{"class":318},[55,142886,66],{"class":65},[55,142888,126],{"class":109},[55,142890,93],{"class":129},[55,142892,126],{"class":109},[55,142894,5645],{"class":65},[55,142896,3957],{"class":3956},[889,142898,37266,142900,1851,142902],{"id":142899},"confusing-startswith-with-in",[18,142901,127796],{},[18,142903,4168],{},[14,142905,142906,142908],{},[18,142907,127796],{}," checks only the beginning.",[14,142910,142911,142912,142914,142915,29],{},"If you want to know whether text appears anywhere, use ",[18,142913,4168],{}," or methods like ",[294,142916,142917],{"href":124438},[18,142918,124423],{},[46,142920,142922],{"className":48,"code":142921,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))  # False\nprint(\"world\" in text)           # True\n",[18,142923,142924,142936,142940,142964],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,142925,142926,142928,142930,142932,142934],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,142927,34746],{"class":902},[55,142929,906],{"class":703},[55,142931,793],{"class":109},[55,142933,60478],{"class":129},[55,142935,1052],{"class":109},[55,142937,142938],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,142939,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,142941,142942,142944,142946,142948,142950,142952,142954,142956,142958,142960,142962],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,142943,62],{"class":61},[55,142945,66],{"class":65},[55,142947,34767],{"class":318},[55,142949,29],{"class":65},[55,142951,141504],{"class":318},[55,142953,66],{"class":65},[55,142955,126],{"class":109},[55,142957,60663],{"class":129},[55,142959,126],{"class":109},[55,142961,5645],{"class":65},[55,142963,5057],{"class":3956},[55,142965,142966,142968,142970,142972,142974,142976,142978,142980,142982],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,142967,62],{"class":61},[55,142969,66],{"class":65},[55,142971,126],{"class":109},[55,142973,60663],{"class":129},[55,142975,126],{"class":109},[55,142977,21225],{"class":1193},[55,142979,42907],{"class":318},[55,142981,3953],{"class":65},[55,142983,142984],{"class":3956},"           # True\n",[14,142986,135902,142987,29],{},[294,142988,127464],{"href":123683},[889,142990,4989,142992,4679,142994,142996],{"id":142991},"forgetting-that-start-and-end-use-index-positions",[18,142993,36133],{},[18,142995,52730],{}," use index positions",[14,142998,142999,143000,29],{},"Python counts string positions starting at ",[18,143001,76],{},[46,143003,143005],{"className":48,"code":143004,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"abcdef\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"cd\", 2))  # True\n",[18,143006,143007,143020,143024],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,143008,143009,143011,143013,143015,143018],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,143010,34746],{"class":902},[55,143012,906],{"class":703},[55,143014,793],{"class":109},[55,143016,143017],{"class":129},"abcdef",[55,143019,1052],{"class":109},[55,143021,143022],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,143023,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,143025,143026,143028,143030,143032,143034,143036,143038,143040,143043,143045,143047,143049,143051],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,143027,62],{"class":61},[55,143029,66],{"class":65},[55,143031,34767],{"class":318},[55,143033,29],{"class":65},[55,143035,141504],{"class":318},[55,143037,66],{"class":65},[55,143039,126],{"class":109},[55,143041,143042],{"class":129},"cd",[55,143044,126],{"class":109},[55,143046,163],{"class":65},[55,143048,166],{"class":75},[55,143050,5645],{"class":65},[55,143052,3957],{"class":3956},[889,143054,143056],{"id":143055},"passing-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Passing a list instead of a tuple",[14,143058,143059],{},"Multiple prefixes must be given as a tuple, not a list.",[14,143061,16692],{},[46,143063,143065],{"className":48,"code":143064,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"# text.startswith([\"Py\", \"Ja\"])\n",[18,143066,143067],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,143068,143069],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,143070,143064],{"class":3956},[14,143072,16704],{},[46,143074,143076],{"className":48,"code":143075,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))  # True\n",[18,143077,143078,143090],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,143079,143080,143082,143084,143086,143088],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,143081,34746],{"class":902},[55,143083,906],{"class":703},[55,143085,793],{"class":109},[55,143087,393],{"class":129},[55,143089,1052],{"class":109},[55,143091,143092,143094,143096,143098,143100,143102,143104,143106,143108,143110,143112,143114,143117,143119,143121],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,143093,62],{"class":61},[55,143095,66],{"class":65},[55,143097,34767],{"class":318},[55,143099,29],{"class":65},[55,143101,141504],{"class":318},[55,143103,760],{"class":65},[55,143105,126],{"class":109},[55,143107,141615],{"class":129},[55,143109,126],{"class":109},[55,143111,163],{"class":65},[55,143113,793],{"class":109},[55,143115,143116],{"class":129},"Ja",[55,143118,126],{"class":109},[55,143120,51160],{"class":65},[55,143122,3957],{"class":3956},[14,143124,32139],{},[46,143126,143128],{"className":48,"code":143127,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))\n",[18,143129,143130,143140,143154,143176,143202],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,143131,143132,143134,143136,143138],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,143133,62],{"class":61},[55,143135,66],{"class":65},[55,143137,34767],{"class":318},[55,143139,322],{"class":65},[55,143141,143142,143144,143146,143148,143150,143152],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,143143,62],{"class":61},[55,143145,66],{"class":65},[55,143147,1879],{"class":69},[55,143149,66],{"class":65},[55,143151,34767],{"class":318},[55,143153,79],{"class":65},[55,143155,143156,143158,143160,143162,143164,143166,143168,143170,143172,143174],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,143157,62],{"class":61},[55,143159,66],{"class":65},[55,143161,34767],{"class":318},[55,143163,29],{"class":65},[55,143165,141504],{"class":318},[55,143167,66],{"class":65},[55,143169,126],{"class":109},[55,143171,141615],{"class":129},[55,143173,126],{"class":109},[55,143175,79],{"class":65},[55,143177,143178,143180,143182,143184,143186,143188,143190,143192,143194,143196,143198,143200],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,143179,62],{"class":61},[55,143181,66],{"class":65},[55,143183,34767],{"class":318},[55,143185,29],{"class":65},[55,143187,1786],{"class":318},[55,143189,1783],{"class":65},[55,143191,141504],{"class":318},[55,143193,66],{"class":65},[55,143195,126],{"class":109},[55,143197,128874],{"class":129},[55,143199,126],{"class":109},[55,143201,79],{"class":65},[55,143203,143204,143206,143208,143210,143212,143214,143216,143218,143220,143222,143224,143226,143228,143230],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,143205,62],{"class":61},[55,143207,66],{"class":65},[55,143209,34767],{"class":318},[55,143211,29],{"class":65},[55,143213,141504],{"class":318},[55,143215,760],{"class":65},[55,143217,126],{"class":109},[55,143219,141615],{"class":129},[55,143221,126],{"class":109},[55,143223,163],{"class":65},[55,143225,793],{"class":109},[55,143227,143116],{"class":129},[55,143229,126],{"class":109},[55,143231,769],{"class":65},[41,143233,2139],{"id":2138},[889,143235,12748,143237,128274],{"id":143236},"does-startswith-change-the-string",[18,143238,127796],{},[14,143240,143241,143242,25,143244,29],{},"No. It only checks the string and returns ",[18,143243,24],{},[18,143245,28],{},[889,143247,5456,143249,143251],{"id":143248},"can-startswith-check-more-than-one-prefix",[18,143250,127796],{}," check more than one prefix?",[14,143253,143254],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of strings, such as:",[46,143256,143258],{"className":48,"code":143257,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text.startswith((\"a\", \"b\"))\n",[18,143259,143260],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,143261,143262,143264,143266,143268,143270,143272,143274,143276,143278,143280,143282,143284],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,143263,34767],{"class":902},[55,143265,29],{"class":65},[55,143267,141504],{"class":318},[55,143269,760],{"class":65},[55,143271,126],{"class":109},[55,143273,294],{"class":129},[55,143275,126],{"class":109},[55,143277,163],{"class":65},[55,143279,793],{"class":109},[55,143281,5046],{"class":129},[55,143283,126],{"class":109},[55,143285,79],{"class":65},[889,143287,14950,143289,124764],{"id":143288},"is-startswith-case-sensitive",[18,143290,127796],{},[14,143292,129957],{},[889,143294,5466,143296,4679,143298,2794],{"id":143295},"what-is-the-difference-between-startswith-and-in",[18,143297,127796],{},[18,143299,4168],{},[14,143301,143302,143304,143305,143307],{},[18,143303,127796],{}," checks only the beginning. ",[18,143306,4168],{}," checks whether text appears anywhere in the string.",[889,143309,28383,143311,4679,143313,1851,143315,2794],{"id":143310},"can-i-use-start-and-end-with-startswith",[18,143312,36133],{},[18,143314,52730],{},[18,143316,127796],{},[14,143318,143319],{},"Yes. They let you limit which part of the string is checked.",[41,143321,2193],{"id":2192},[240,143323,143324,143330,143336,143342,143346],{},[243,143325,143326],{},[294,143327,126428,143328,10780],{"href":130022},[18,143329,126486],{},[243,143331,143332],{},[294,143333,126428,143334,10780],{"href":124438},[18,143335,124423],{},[243,143337,143338],{},[294,143339,126428,143340,10780],{"href":124155},[18,143341,124158],{},[243,143343,143344],{},[294,143345,124827],{"href":123683},[243,143347,143348],{},[294,143349,125183],{"href":51044},[2226,143351,143352],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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does",{"id":2459,"depth":82,"text":2460},{"id":141829,"depth":82,"text":141830,"children":143359},[143360,143361,143362,143363],{"id":141667,"depth":98,"text":141667},{"id":36133,"depth":98,"text":36133},{"id":52730,"depth":98,"text":52730},{"id":141996,"depth":98,"text":141997},{"id":17467,"depth":82,"text":17468},{"id":142174,"depth":82,"text":143366},"Using startswith() with start and end",{"id":142328,"depth":82,"text":142329},{"id":124074,"depth":82,"text":124075},{"id":142630,"depth":82,"text":143370},"When to use startswith()",{"id":1585,"depth":82,"text":1586,"children":143372},[143373,143374,143376,143378,143380],{"id":142736,"depth":98,"text":138868},{"id":142819,"depth":98,"text":143375},"Calling startswith() on a non-string value",{"id":142899,"depth":98,"text":143377},"Confusing startswith() with in",{"id":142991,"depth":98,"text":143379},"Forgetting that start and end use index positions",{"id":143055,"depth":98,"text":143056},{"id":2138,"depth":82,"text":2139,"children":143382},[143383,143385,143387,143389,143391],{"id":143236,"depth":98,"text":143384},"Does startswith() change the string?",{"id":143248,"depth":98,"text":143386},"Can startswith() check more than one prefix?",{"id":143288,"depth":98,"text":143388},"Is startswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":143295,"depth":98,"text":143390},"What is the difference between startswith() and in?",{"id":143310,"depth":98,"text":143392},"Can I use start and end with startswith()?",{"id":2192,"depth":82,"text":2193},"Master python string startswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method",{"title":141450,"description":143394},"reference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method","H88rt3Nz2-D86PhmC2_wUy4Ef0nzvARozFcg9L4vdZs",{"id":143401,"title":143402,"body":143403,"description":144857,"extension":2267,"meta":144858,"navigation":1121,"path":144859,"seo":144860,"stem":144861,"__hash__":144862},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method.md","Python String strip() Method",{"type":7,"value":143404,"toc":144827},[143405,143410,143415,143418,143420,143464,143466,143474,143479,143484,143489,143491,143509,143511,143557,143559,143573,143582,143586,143588,143590,143602,143607,143610,143642,143644,143653,143658,143661,143702,143704,143712,143714,143727,143733,143737,143740,143756,143758,143807,143809,143818,143821,143880,143882,143891,143898,143901,143954,143956,143980,143987,143993,143997,144003,144006,144017,144019,144059,144061,144069,144071,144111,144113,144122,144124,144142,144145,144152,144163,144166,144183,144185,144262,144264,144295,144298,144300,144303,144329,144331,144371,144373,144382,144392,144400,144408,144413,144418,144420,144434,144436,144487,144489,144498,144508,144510,144512,144534,144537,144616,144618,144654,144657,144732,144737,144739,144745,144750,144755,144758,144764,144767,144774,144782,144786,144794,144796,144824],[10,143406,123428,143408,11363],{"id":143407},"python-string-strip-method",[18,143409,41718],{},[14,143411,32374,143412,143414],{},[18,143413,41718],{}," method removes characters from the beginning and end of a string.",[14,143416,143417],{},"Beginners usually use it to remove extra whitespace, such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters. This is especially useful when cleaning user input or processing text from a file.",[41,143419,44],{"id":43},[46,143421,143423],{"className":48,"code":143422,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"  hello  \"\nclean_text = text.strip()\nprint(clean_text)\n",[18,143424,143425,143438,143453],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,143426,143427,143429,143431,143433,143436],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,143428,34746],{"class":902},[55,143430,906],{"class":703},[55,143432,793],{"class":109},[55,143434,143435],{"class":129},"  hello  ",[55,143437,1052],{"class":109},[55,143439,143440,143443,143445,143447,143449,143451],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,143441,143442],{"class":902},"clean_text ",[55,143444,906],{"class":703},[55,143446,42907],{"class":902},[55,143448,29],{"class":65},[55,143450,1780],{"class":318},[55,143452,1789],{"class":65},[55,143454,143455,143457,143459,143462],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,143456,62],{"class":61},[55,143458,66],{"class":65},[55,143460,143461],{"class":318},"clean_text",[55,143463,322],{"class":65},[14,143465,281],{},[46,143467,143468],{"className":48,"code":138743,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,143469,143470],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,143471,143472],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,143473,138743],{"class":902},[14,143475,212,143476,143478],{},[18,143477,41718],{}," to remove whitespace from both ends of a string. It does not change the original string.",[41,143480,3970,143482,3973],{"id":143481},"what-strip-does",[18,143483,41718],{},[14,143485,143486,143488],{},[18,143487,41718],{}," is a string method that returns a new string.",[14,143490,13097],{},[240,143492,143493,143497,143500,143503,143506],{},[243,143494,143495,131778],{},[18,143496,41718],{},[243,143498,143499],{},"It removes characters from the beginning and end only",[243,143501,143502],{},"By default, it removes whitespace",[243,143504,143505],{},"It does not remove characters from the middle of the string",[243,143507,143508],{},"Strings are immutable, so the original string stays the same",[14,143510,358],{},[46,143512,143514],{"className":48,"code":143513,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(text)\n",[18,143515,143516,143529,143533,143547],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,143517,143518,143520,143522,143524,143527],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,143519,34746],{"class":902},[55,143521,906],{"class":703},[55,143523,793],{"class":109},[55,143525,143526],{"class":129},"  hello world  ",[55,143528,1052],{"class":109},[55,143530,143531],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,143532,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,143534,143535,143537,143539,143541,143543,143545],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,143536,62],{"class":61},[55,143538,66],{"class":65},[55,143540,34767],{"class":318},[55,143542,29],{"class":65},[55,143544,1780],{"class":318},[55,143546,278],{"class":65},[55,143548,143549,143551,143553,143555],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,143550,62],{"class":61},[55,143552,66],{"class":65},[55,143554,34767],{"class":318},[55,143556,322],{"class":65},[14,143558,281],{},[46,143560,143562],{"className":48,"code":143561,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"hello world\n  hello world  \n",[18,143563,143564,143568],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,143565,143566],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,143567,134444],{"class":902},[55,143569,143570],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,143571,143572],{"class":902},"  hello world\n",[14,143574,143575,143576,143578,143579,143581],{},"The cleaned version is returned by ",[18,143577,41718],{},", but the original ",[18,143580,34767],{}," value is unchanged.",[14,143583,125180,143584,29],{},[294,143585,125183],{"href":51044},[41,143587,2460],{"id":2459},[14,143589,26541],{},[240,143591,143592,143597],{},[243,143593,143594],{},[18,143595,143596],{},"string.strip()",[243,143598,143599],{},[18,143600,143601],{},"string.strip(chars)",[889,143603,143605],{"id":143604},"stringstrip",[18,143606,143596],{},[14,143608,143609],{},"This removes whitespace from both ends:",[46,143611,143613],{"className":48,"code":143612,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name = \"  Alice  \"\nprint(name.strip())\n",[18,143614,143615,143628],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,143616,143617,143619,143621,143623,143626],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,143618,1004],{"class":902},[55,143620,906],{"class":703},[55,143622,793],{"class":109},[55,143624,143625],{"class":129},"  Alice  ",[55,143627,1052],{"class":109},[55,143629,143630,143632,143634,143636,143638,143640],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,143631,62],{"class":61},[55,143633,66],{"class":65},[55,143635,785],{"class":318},[55,143637,29],{"class":65},[55,143639,1780],{"class":318},[55,143641,278],{"class":65},[14,143643,281],{},[46,143645,143647],{"className":48,"code":143646,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Alice\n",[18,143648,143649],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,143650,143651],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,143652,143646],{"class":902},[889,143654,143656],{"id":143655},"stringstripchars",[18,143657,143601],{},[14,143659,143660],{},"This removes any matching characters from both ends:",[46,143662,143664],{"className":48,"code":143663,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"!!hello??\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[18,143665,143666,143679],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,143667,143668,143670,143672,143674,143677],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,143669,34746],{"class":902},[55,143671,906],{"class":703},[55,143673,793],{"class":109},[55,143675,143676],{"class":129},"!!hello??",[55,143678,1052],{"class":109},[55,143680,143681,143683,143685,143687,143689,143691,143693,143695,143698,143700],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,143682,62],{"class":61},[55,143684,66],{"class":65},[55,143686,34767],{"class":318},[55,143688,29],{"class":65},[55,143690,1780],{"class":318},[55,143692,66],{"class":65},[55,143694,126],{"class":109},[55,143696,143697],{"class":129},"!?",[55,143699,126],{"class":109},[55,143701,79],{"class":65},[14,143703,281],{},[46,143705,143706],{"className":48,"code":138743,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,143707,143708],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,143709,143710],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,143711,138743],{"class":902},[14,143713,83894],{},[240,143715,143716,143721],{},[243,143717,143718,143720],{},[18,143719,134687],{}," means a set of characters to remove from both ends",[243,143722,143723,143724,143726],{},"The order of characters in ",[18,143725,134687],{}," does not matter",[41,143728,143730,143731],{"id":143729},"remove-whitespace-with-strip","Remove whitespace with ",[18,143732,41718],{},[14,143734,30941,143735,29],{},[18,143736,41718],{},[14,143738,143739],{},"It is useful for:",[240,143741,143742,143747,143750,143753],{},[243,143743,143744,143745,4171],{},"Cleaning ",[18,143746,1359],{},[243,143748,143749],{},"Cleaning lines read from a file",[243,143751,143752],{},"Removing spaces before checking or comparing text",[243,143754,143755],{},"Removing tabs and newline characters at both ends",[14,143757,48429],{},[46,143759,143761],{"className":48,"code":143760,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"username = \"  sam  \"\nclean_username = username.strip()\n\nprint(clean_username)\n",[18,143762,143763,143776,143792,143796],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,143764,143765,143767,143769,143771,143774],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,143766,1090],{"class":902},[55,143768,906],{"class":703},[55,143770,793],{"class":109},[55,143772,143773],{"class":129},"  sam  ",[55,143775,1052],{"class":109},[55,143777,143778,143781,143783,143786,143788,143790],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,143779,143780],{"class":902},"clean_username ",[55,143782,906],{"class":703},[55,143784,143785],{"class":902}," username",[55,143787,29],{"class":65},[55,143789,1780],{"class":318},[55,143791,1789],{"class":65},[55,143793,143794],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,143795,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,143797,143798,143800,143802,143805],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,143799,62],{"class":61},[55,143801,66],{"class":65},[55,143803,143804],{"class":318},"clean_username",[55,143806,322],{"class":65},[14,143808,281],{},[46,143810,143812],{"className":48,"code":143811,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"sam\n",[18,143813,143814],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,143815,143816],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,143817,143811],{"class":902},[14,143819,143820],{},"This matters when comparing strings:",[46,143822,143824],{"className":48,"code":143823,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"answer = \" yes  \"\n\nif answer.strip() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[18,143825,143826,143839,143843,143865],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,143827,143828,143830,143832,143834,143837],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,143829,136671],{"class":902},[55,143831,906],{"class":703},[55,143833,793],{"class":109},[55,143835,143836],{"class":129}," yes  ",[55,143838,1052],{"class":109},[55,143840,143841],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,143842,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,143844,143845,143847,143849,143851,143853,143855,143857,143859,143861,143863],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,143846,38],{"class":1193},[55,143848,136691],{"class":902},[55,143850,29],{"class":65},[55,143852,1780],{"class":318},[55,143854,466],{"class":65},[55,143856,6684],{"class":703},[55,143858,793],{"class":109},[55,143860,1804],{"class":129},[55,143862,126],{"class":109},[55,143864,1199],{"class":65},[55,143866,143867,143869,143871,143873,143876,143878],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,143868,1204],{"class":61},[55,143870,66],{"class":65},[55,143872,126],{"class":109},[55,143874,143875],{"class":129},"Matched",[55,143877,126],{"class":109},[55,143879,322],{"class":65},[14,143881,281],{},[46,143883,143885],{"className":48,"code":143884,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Matched\n",[18,143886,143887],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,143888,143889],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,143890,143884],{"class":902},[14,143892,143893,143894,29],{},"If you want a broader guide, see ",[294,143895,143897],{"href":143896},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-whitespace-from-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[14,143899,143900],{},"Example with file-style text:",[46,143902,143904],{"className":48,"code":143903,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"line = \"Python basics\\n\"\nprint(repr(line))\nprint(repr(line.strip()))\n",[18,143905,143906,143922,143936],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,143907,143908,143911,143913,143915,143918,143920],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,143909,143910],{"class":902},"line ",[55,143912,906],{"class":703},[55,143914,793],{"class":109},[55,143916,143917],{"class":129},"Python basics",[55,143919,87226],{"class":34511},[55,143921,1052],{"class":109},[55,143923,143924,143926,143928,143930,143932,143934],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,143925,62],{"class":61},[55,143927,66],{"class":65},[55,143929,41844],{"class":61},[55,143931,66],{"class":65},[55,143933,57],{"class":318},[55,143935,79],{"class":65},[55,143937,143938,143940,143942,143944,143946,143948,143950,143952],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,143939,62],{"class":61},[55,143941,66],{"class":65},[55,143943,41844],{"class":61},[55,143945,66],{"class":65},[55,143947,57],{"class":318},[55,143949,29],{"class":65},[55,143951,1780],{"class":318},[55,143953,579],{"class":65},[14,143955,281],{},[46,143957,143959],{"className":48,"code":143958,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"'Python basics\\n'\n'Python basics'\n",[18,143960,143961,143972],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,143962,143963,143965,143967,143970],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,143964,1923],{"class":43394},[55,143966,143917],{"class":43398},[55,143968,87226],{"class":143969},"sfi6f",[55,143971,29755],{"class":43394},[55,143973,143974,143976,143978],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,143975,1923],{"class":43394},[55,143977,143917],{"class":43398},[55,143979,29755],{"class":43394},[14,143981,1556,143982,143984,143985,29],{},[18,143983,122642],{}," helps you see hidden characters like ",[18,143986,87226],{},[14,143988,143989,143990,29],{},"If you are working with files, see ",[294,143991,143992],{"href":87879},"how to read a file line by line in Python",[41,143994,143996],{"id":143995},"remove-specific-characters","Remove specific characters",[14,143998,143999,144000,29],{},"You can pass characters as an argument, such as ",[18,144001,144002],{},"strip(\"!?\")",[14,144004,144005],{},"Python will:",[240,144007,144008,144011,144014],{},[243,144009,144010],{},"Remove any matching character from both ends",[243,144012,144013],{},"Keep removing until it finds a character that is not in the set",[243,144015,144016],{},"Leave the middle of the string unchanged",[14,144018,358],{},[46,144020,144022],{"className":48,"code":144021,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"??hello!!\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[18,144023,144024,144037],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,144025,144026,144028,144030,144032,144035],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,144027,34746],{"class":902},[55,144029,906],{"class":703},[55,144031,793],{"class":109},[55,144033,144034],{"class":129},"??hello!!",[55,144036,1052],{"class":109},[55,144038,144039,144041,144043,144045,144047,144049,144051,144053,144055,144057],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,144040,62],{"class":61},[55,144042,66],{"class":65},[55,144044,34767],{"class":318},[55,144046,29],{"class":65},[55,144048,1780],{"class":318},[55,144050,66],{"class":65},[55,144052,126],{"class":109},[55,144054,143697],{"class":129},[55,144056,126],{"class":109},[55,144058,79],{"class":65},[14,144060,281],{},[46,144062,144063],{"className":48,"code":138743,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,144064,144065],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,144066,144067],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,144068,138743],{"class":902},[14,144070,52149],{},[46,144072,144074],{"className":48,"code":144073,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"abcHelloCba\"\nprint(text.strip(\"abc\"))\n",[18,144075,144076,144089],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,144077,144078,144080,144082,144084,144087],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,144079,34746],{"class":902},[55,144081,906],{"class":703},[55,144083,793],{"class":109},[55,144085,144086],{"class":129},"abcHelloCba",[55,144088,1052],{"class":109},[55,144090,144091,144093,144095,144097,144099,144101,144103,144105,144107,144109],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,144092,62],{"class":61},[55,144094,66],{"class":65},[55,144096,34767],{"class":318},[55,144098,29],{"class":65},[55,144100,1780],{"class":318},[55,144102,66],{"class":65},[55,144104,126],{"class":109},[55,144106,41625],{"class":129},[55,144108,126],{"class":109},[55,144110,79],{"class":65},[14,144112,281],{},[46,144114,144116],{"className":48,"code":144115,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"HelloC\n",[18,144117,144118],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,144119,144120],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,144121,144115],{"class":902},[14,144123,6514],{},[14,144125,144126,14100,144129,144131,144132,144134,144135,2493,144137,2497,144139,144141],{},[18,144127,144128],{},"strip(\"abc\")",[435,144130,4916],{}," mean “remove the exact text ",[18,144133,41625],{}," once”. It means “remove any ",[18,144136,294],{},[18,144138,5046],{},[18,144140,9777],{}," characters from both ends”.",[14,144143,144144],{},"It also does not remove characters from the middle.",[14,144146,144147,144148,6906],{},"If you need to replace text anywhere in a string, use ",[294,144149,144150],{"href":130009},[18,144151,124599],{},[41,144153,144155,10624,144157,10624,144160],{"id":144154},"strip-vs-lstrip-vs-rstrip",[18,144156,41718],{},[18,144158,144159],{},"lstrip()",[18,144161,144162],{},"rstrip()",[14,144164,144165],{},"These methods are similar, but they remove characters from different sides.",[240,144167,144168,144173,144178],{},[243,144169,144170,144172],{},[18,144171,41718],{}," removes from both ends",[243,144174,144175,144177],{},[18,144176,144159],{}," removes from the left side only",[243,144179,144180,144182],{},[18,144181,144162],{}," removes from the right side only",[14,144184,358],{},[46,144186,144188],{"className":48,"code":144187,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"  hello  \"\n\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nprint(repr(text.lstrip()))\nprint(repr(text.rstrip()))\n",[18,144189,144190,144202,144206,144224,144243],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,144191,144192,144194,144196,144198,144200],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,144193,34746],{"class":902},[55,144195,906],{"class":703},[55,144197,793],{"class":109},[55,144199,143435],{"class":129},[55,144201,1052],{"class":109},[55,144203,144204],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,144205,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,144207,144208,144210,144212,144214,144216,144218,144220,144222],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,144209,62],{"class":61},[55,144211,66],{"class":65},[55,144213,41844],{"class":61},[55,144215,66],{"class":65},[55,144217,34767],{"class":318},[55,144219,29],{"class":65},[55,144221,1780],{"class":318},[55,144223,579],{"class":65},[55,144225,144226,144228,144230,144232,144234,144236,144238,144241],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,144227,62],{"class":61},[55,144229,66],{"class":65},[55,144231,41844],{"class":61},[55,144233,66],{"class":65},[55,144235,34767],{"class":318},[55,144237,29],{"class":65},[55,144239,144240],{"class":318},"lstrip",[55,144242,579],{"class":65},[55,144244,144245,144247,144249,144251,144253,144255,144257,144260],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,144246,62],{"class":61},[55,144248,66],{"class":65},[55,144250,41844],{"class":61},[55,144252,66],{"class":65},[55,144254,34767],{"class":318},[55,144256,29],{"class":65},[55,144258,144259],{"class":318},"rstrip",[55,144261,579],{"class":65},[14,144263,281],{},[46,144265,144267],{"className":48,"code":144266,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"'hello'\n'hello  '\n'  hello'\n",[18,144268,144269,144277,144286],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,144270,144271,144273,144275],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,144272,1923],{"class":43394},[55,144274,130],{"class":43398},[55,144276,29755],{"class":43394},[55,144278,144279,144281,144284],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,144280,1923],{"class":43394},[55,144282,144283],{"class":43398},"hello  ",[55,144285,29755],{"class":43394},[55,144287,144288,144290,144293],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,144289,1923],{"class":43394},[55,144291,144292],{"class":43398},"  hello",[55,144294,29755],{"class":43394},[14,144296,144297],{},"Choose the method based on which side needs cleaning.",[41,144299,108436],{"id":108435},[14,144301,144302],{},"These points are worth remembering:",[240,144304,144305,144313,144323,144326],{},[243,144306,144307,144309,144310,144312],{},[18,144308,144128],{}," does not remove the exact text ",[18,144311,41594],{}," once",[243,144314,144315,144316,2493,144318,2497,144320,144322],{},"It removes any of the characters ",[18,144317,294],{},[18,144319,5046],{},[18,144321,9777],{}," from both ends",[243,144324,144325],{},"Middle characters are untouched",[243,144327,144328],{},"Save the result to a variable if you want to use the cleaned string",[14,144330,358],{},[46,144332,144334],{"className":48,"code":144333,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"filename = \"txt_report.txt\"\nprint(filename.strip(\".txt\"))\n",[18,144335,144336,144349],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,144337,144338,144340,144342,144344,144347],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,144339,126511],{"class":902},[55,144341,906],{"class":703},[55,144343,793],{"class":109},[55,144345,144346],{"class":129},"txt_report.txt",[55,144348,1052],{"class":109},[55,144350,144351,144353,144355,144357,144359,144361,144363,144365,144367,144369],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,144352,62],{"class":61},[55,144354,66],{"class":65},[55,144356,126529],{"class":318},[55,144358,29],{"class":65},[55,144360,1780],{"class":318},[55,144362,66],{"class":65},[55,144364,126],{"class":109},[55,144366,126564],{"class":129},[55,144368,126],{"class":109},[55,144370,79],{"class":65},[14,144372,281],{},[46,144374,144376],{"className":48,"code":144375,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"_report\n",[18,144377,144378],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,144379,144380],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,144381,144375],{"class":902},[14,144383,144384,144385,2493,144387,2497,144389,144391],{},"This happens because Python removes any ",[18,144386,29],{},[18,144388,63359],{},[18,144390,2477],{}," characters from both ends.",[14,144393,53723,144394,5069,144397,144399],{},[18,144395,144396],{},"strip(\".txt\")",[435,144398,4916],{}," a safe way to remove a file extension.",[14,144401,144402,144403,144407],{},"If you need to change exact text in a string, ",[294,144404,144405],{"href":130009},[18,144406,124599],{}," is often a better fit for simple cases.",[41,144409,5247,144411],{"id":144410},"when-to-use-strip",[18,144412,41718],{},[14,144414,212,144415,144417],{},[18,144416,41718],{}," when you need to clean text at the edges of a string.",[14,144419,36487],{},[240,144421,144422,144426,144428,144431],{},[243,144423,143744,144424,4171],{},[18,144425,1359],{},[243,144427,143749],{},[243,144429,144430],{},"Removing accidental spaces before validation",[243,144432,144433],{},"Preparing text before comparisons",[14,144435,358],{},[46,144437,144439],{"className":48,"code":144438,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"email = \"  user@example.com  \"\n\nif email.strip():\n    print(\"Email was entered\")\n",[18,144440,144441,144455,144459,144472],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,144442,144443,144446,144448,144450,144453],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,144444,144445],{"class":902},"email ",[55,144447,906],{"class":703},[55,144449,793],{"class":109},[55,144451,144452],{"class":129},"  user@example.com  ",[55,144454,1052],{"class":109},[55,144456,144457],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,144458,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,144460,144461,144463,144466,144468,144470],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,144462,38],{"class":1193},[55,144464,144465],{"class":902}," email",[55,144467,29],{"class":65},[55,144469,1780],{"class":318},[55,144471,21647],{"class":65},[55,144473,144474,144476,144478,144480,144483,144485],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,144475,1204],{"class":61},[55,144477,66],{"class":65},[55,144479,126],{"class":109},[55,144481,144482],{"class":129},"Email was entered",[55,144484,126],{"class":109},[55,144486,322],{"class":65},[14,144488,281],{},[46,144490,144492],{"className":48,"code":144491,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Email was entered\n",[18,144493,144494],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,144495,144496],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,144497,144491],{"class":902},[14,144499,144500,144501,144503,144504,29],{},"You may also combine ",[18,144502,41718],{}," with other string methods. For example, after removing extra spaces, you might convert text to lowercase with ",[294,144505,144506],{"href":124155},[18,144507,124158],{},[41,144509,1586],{"id":1585},[14,144511,84313],{},[240,144513,144514,144518,144523,144528],{},[243,144515,1595,144516,131648],{},[18,144517,41718],{},[243,144519,1595,144520,144522],{},[18,144521,41718],{}," to remove text from the middle",[243,144524,1556,144525,144527],{},[18,144526,144396],{}," and expecting only the exact file extension to be removed",[243,144529,4989,144530,144533],{},[18,144531,144532],{},"strip(chars)"," removes any matching characters, not a whole substring",[14,144535,144536],{},"Here is a quick debugging example:",[46,144538,144540],{"className":48,"code":144539,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"  hello\\n\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\n",[18,144541,144542,144556,144560,144570,144584,144598],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,144543,144544,144546,144548,144550,144552,144554],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,144545,34746],{"class":902},[55,144547,906],{"class":703},[55,144549,793],{"class":109},[55,144551,144292],{"class":129},[55,144553,87226],{"class":34511},[55,144555,1052],{"class":109},[55,144557,144558],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,144559,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,144561,144562,144564,144566,144568],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,144563,62],{"class":61},[55,144565,66],{"class":65},[55,144567,34767],{"class":318},[55,144569,322],{"class":65},[55,144571,144572,144574,144576,144578,144580,144582],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,144573,62],{"class":61},[55,144575,66],{"class":65},[55,144577,41844],{"class":61},[55,144579,66],{"class":65},[55,144581,34767],{"class":318},[55,144583,79],{"class":65},[55,144585,144586,144588,144590,144592,144594,144596],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,144587,62],{"class":61},[55,144589,66],{"class":65},[55,144591,34767],{"class":318},[55,144593,29],{"class":65},[55,144595,1780],{"class":318},[55,144597,278],{"class":65},[55,144599,144600,144602,144604,144606,144608,144610,144612,144614],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,144601,62],{"class":61},[55,144603,66],{"class":65},[55,144605,41844],{"class":61},[55,144607,66],{"class":65},[55,144609,34767],{"class":318},[55,144611,29],{"class":65},[55,144613,1780],{"class":318},[55,144615,579],{"class":65},[14,144617,281],{},[46,144619,144621],{"className":48,"code":144620,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"  hello\n\n'  hello\\n'\nhello\n'hello'\n",[18,144622,144623,144628,144632,144642,144646],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,144624,144625],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,144626,144627],{"class":902},"  hello\n",[55,144629,144630],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,144631,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,144633,144634,144636,144638,144640],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,144635,1923],{"class":43394},[55,144637,144292],{"class":43398},[55,144639,87226],{"class":143969},[55,144641,29755],{"class":43394},[55,144643,144644],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,144645,138743],{"class":902},[55,144647,144648,144650,144652],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,144649,1923],{"class":43394},[55,144651,130],{"class":43398},[55,144653,29755],{"class":43394},[14,144655,144656],{},"Useful debugging commands:",[46,144658,144660],{"className":48,"code":144659,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nhelp(str.strip)\n",[18,144661,144662,144672,144686,144700,144718],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,144663,144664,144666,144668,144670],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,144665,62],{"class":61},[55,144667,66],{"class":65},[55,144669,34767],{"class":318},[55,144671,322],{"class":65},[55,144673,144674,144676,144678,144680,144682,144684],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,144675,62],{"class":61},[55,144677,66],{"class":65},[55,144679,41844],{"class":61},[55,144681,66],{"class":65},[55,144683,34767],{"class":318},[55,144685,79],{"class":65},[55,144687,144688,144690,144692,144694,144696,144698],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,144689,62],{"class":61},[55,144691,66],{"class":65},[55,144693,34767],{"class":318},[55,144695,29],{"class":65},[55,144697,1780],{"class":318},[55,144699,278],{"class":65},[55,144701,144702,144704,144706,144708,144710,144712,144714,144716],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,144703,62],{"class":61},[55,144705,66],{"class":65},[55,144707,41844],{"class":61},[55,144709,66],{"class":65},[55,144711,34767],{"class":318},[55,144713,29],{"class":65},[55,144715,1780],{"class":318},[55,144717,579],{"class":65},[55,144719,144720,144722,144724,144726,144728,144730],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,144721,32209],{"class":61},[55,144723,66],{"class":65},[55,144725,3738],{"class":69},[55,144727,29],{"class":65},[55,144729,1780],{"class":24803},[55,144731,322],{"class":65},[14,144733,144734,144736],{},[18,144735,122642],{}," is very helpful because it shows hidden whitespace clearly.",[41,144738,2139],{"id":2138},[889,144740,12748,144742,144744],{"id":144741},"does-strip-remove-spaces-in-the-middle-of-a-string",[18,144743,41718],{}," remove spaces in the middle of a string?",[14,144746,46432,144747,144749],{},[18,144748,41718],{}," only removes characters from the start and end of the string.",[889,144751,12748,144753,124755],{"id":144752},"does-strip-change-the-original-string",[18,144754,41718],{},[14,144756,144757],{},"No. It returns a new string because Python strings are immutable.",[889,144759,5429,144761,144763],{"id":144760},"what-does-strip-remove-by-default",[18,144762,41718],{}," remove by default?",[14,144765,144766],{},"It removes whitespace such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters from both ends.",[889,144768,34263,144770,34266,144772,2794],{"id":144769},"how-is-strip-different-from-replace",[18,144771,41718],{},[18,144773,124599],{},[14,144775,144776,144778,144779,144781],{},[18,144777,41718],{}," removes characters only from the ends. ",[18,144780,124599],{}," can change matching text anywhere in the string.",[889,144783,144785],{"id":144784},"can-i-remove-only-the-left-or-right-side","Can I remove only the left or right side?",[14,144787,128301,144788,144790,144791,144793],{},[18,144789,144159],{}," for the left side and ",[18,144792,144162],{}," for the right side.",[41,144795,2193],{"id":2192},[240,144797,144798,144804,144810,144815,144820],{},[243,144799,144800],{},[294,144801,126428,144802,10780],{"href":124155},[18,144803,124158],{},[243,144805,144806],{},[294,144807,126428,144808,10780],{"href":130009},[18,144809,124599],{},[243,144811,144812],{},[294,144813,144814],{"href":143896},"How to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[243,144816,144817],{},[294,144818,144819],{"href":87879},"How to read a file line by line in Python",[243,144821,144822],{},[294,144823,125183],{"href":51044},[2226,144825,144826],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.sfi6f{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":144828},[144829,144830,144832,144836,144838,144839,144841,144842,144844,144845,144856],{"id":43,"depth":82,"text":44},{"id":143481,"depth":82,"text":144831},"What strip() does",{"id":2459,"depth":82,"text":2460,"children":144833},[144834,144835],{"id":143604,"depth":98,"text":143596},{"id":143655,"depth":98,"text":143601},{"id":143729,"depth":82,"text":144837},"Remove whitespace with strip()",{"id":143995,"depth":82,"text":143996},{"id":144154,"depth":82,"text":144840},"strip() vs lstrip() vs rstrip()",{"id":108435,"depth":82,"text":108436},{"id":144410,"depth":82,"text":144843},"When to use strip()",{"id":1585,"depth":82,"text":1586},{"id":2138,"depth":82,"text":2139,"children":144846},[144847,144849,144851,144853,144855],{"id":144741,"depth":98,"text":144848},"Does strip() remove spaces in the middle of a string?",{"id":144752,"depth":98,"text":144850},"Does strip() change the original string?",{"id":144760,"depth":98,"text":144852},"What does strip() remove by default?",{"id":144769,"depth":98,"text":144854},"How is strip() different from replace()?",{"id":144784,"depth":98,"text":144785},{"id":2192,"depth":82,"text":2193},"Master python string strip method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method",{"title":143402,"description":144857},"reference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method","V33HNckrK0iU0Rb4v9xwAECg55fn4E8r6Jrd6VFtyd0",{"id":144864,"title":144865,"body":144866,"description":146046,"extension":2267,"meta":146047,"navigation":1121,"path":146048,"seo":146049,"stem":146050,"__hash__":146051},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method.md","Python String upper() Method",{"type":7,"value":144867,"toc":146016},[144868,144873,144878,144883,144885,144931,144939,144944,144958,144964,144966,144968,144983,144985,144995,144998,145029,145032,145055,145057,145060,145117,145119,145133,145135,145149,145155,145160,145163,145204,145206,145215,145223,145226,145271,145273,145282,145285,145289,145294,145308,145310,145342,145344,145364,145367,145372,145377,145379,145390,145393,145450,145452,145460,145469,145471,145473,145479,145481,145518,145520,145528,145530,145571,145573,145582,145587,145592,145594,145621,145628,145631,145662,145664,145673,145679,145688,145719,145721,145733,145746,145750,145755,145785,145787,145854,145856,145866,145868,145873,145876,145881,145886,145890,145896,145902,145905,145907,145965,145967,145975,145977,146013],[10,144869,123428,144871,11363],{"id":144870},"python-string-upper-method",[18,144872,128306],{},[14,144874,123433,144875,144877],{},[18,144876,128306],{}," method returns a new string with lowercase letters changed to uppercase.",[14,144879,84690,144880,144882],{},[18,144881,128306],{}," does, how to use it, what it returns, and a few common beginner mistakes. It stays focused on the method itself.",[41,144884,2308],{"id":2307},[46,144886,144888],{"className":48,"code":144887,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"Hello World\"\nresult = text.upper()\nprint(result)\n# HELLO WORLD\n",[18,144889,144890,144902,144916,144926],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,144891,144892,144894,144896,144898,144900],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,144893,34746],{"class":902},[55,144895,906],{"class":703},[55,144897,793],{"class":109},[55,144899,129147],{"class":129},[55,144901,1052],{"class":109},[55,144903,144904,144906,144908,144910,144912,144914],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,144905,2534],{"class":902},[55,144907,906],{"class":703},[55,144909,42907],{"class":902},[55,144911,29],{"class":65},[55,144913,34536],{"class":318},[55,144915,1789],{"class":65},[55,144917,144918,144920,144922,144924],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,144919,62],{"class":61},[55,144921,66],{"class":65},[55,144923,2569],{"class":318},[55,144925,322],{"class":65},[55,144927,144928],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,144929,144930],{"class":3956},"# HELLO WORLD\n",[14,144932,144933,144935,144936,144938],{},[18,144934,128306],{}," returns a new string with letters changed to uppercase. It does ",[435,144937,4916],{}," change the original string in place.",[41,144940,3970,144942,3973],{"id":144941},"what-upper-does",[18,144943,128306],{},[240,144945,144946,144951,144954,144956],{},[243,144947,144948,144950],{},[18,144949,128306],{}," returns a copy of a string with lowercase letters converted to uppercase",[243,144952,144953],{},"It works on string values only",[243,144955,133676],{},[243,144957,136394],{},[14,144959,125180,144960,25,144962,29],{},[294,144961,136400],{"href":136399},[294,144963,125183],{"href":51044},[41,144965,2460],{"id":2459},[14,144967,2463],{},[46,144969,144971],{"className":48,"code":144970,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"string.upper()\n",[18,144972,144973],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,144974,144975,144977,144979,144981],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,144976,61246],{"class":902},[55,144978,29],{"class":65},[55,144980,34536],{"class":318},[55,144982,1789],{"class":65},[14,144984,11500],{},[240,144986,144987,144989,144992],{},[243,144988,97601],{},[243,144990,144991],{},"You call it on a string variable or string literal",[243,144993,144994],{},"It returns the uppercase version of the string",[14,144996,144997],{},"Example with a variable:",[46,144999,145001],{"className":48,"code":145000,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name = \"python\"\nprint(name.upper())\n",[18,145002,145003,145015],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,145004,145005,145007,145009,145011,145013],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,145006,1004],{"class":902},[55,145008,906],{"class":703},[55,145010,793],{"class":109},[55,145012,50],{"class":129},[55,145014,1052],{"class":109},[55,145016,145017,145019,145021,145023,145025,145027],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,145018,62],{"class":61},[55,145020,66],{"class":65},[55,145022,785],{"class":318},[55,145024,29],{"class":65},[55,145026,34536],{"class":318},[55,145028,278],{"class":65},[14,145030,145031],{},"Example with a string literal:",[46,145033,145035],{"className":48,"code":145034,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(\"hello\".upper())\n",[18,145036,145037],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,145038,145039,145041,145043,145045,145047,145049,145051,145053],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,145040,62],{"class":61},[55,145042,66],{"class":65},[55,145044,126],{"class":109},[55,145046,130],{"class":129},[55,145048,126],{"class":109},[55,145050,29],{"class":65},[55,145052,34536],{"class":318},[55,145054,278],{"class":65},[41,145056,11517],{"id":11516},[14,145058,145059],{},"Here is a basic example that converts a lowercase word to uppercase and stores the result in a new variable:",[46,145061,145063],{"className":48,"code":145062,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"word = \"banana\"\nuppercase_word = word.upper()\n\nprint(word)\nprint(uppercase_word)\n",[18,145064,145065,145077,145092,145096,145106],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,145066,145067,145069,145071,145073,145075],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,145068,6433],{"class":902},[55,145070,906],{"class":703},[55,145072,793],{"class":109},[55,145074,4373],{"class":129},[55,145076,1052],{"class":109},[55,145078,145079,145082,145084,145086,145088,145090],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,145080,145081],{"class":902},"uppercase_word ",[55,145083,906],{"class":703},[55,145085,38444],{"class":902},[55,145087,29],{"class":65},[55,145089,34536],{"class":318},[55,145091,1789],{"class":65},[55,145093,145094],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,145095,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,145097,145098,145100,145102,145104],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,145099,62],{"class":61},[55,145101,66],{"class":65},[55,145103,38454],{"class":318},[55,145105,322],{"class":65},[55,145107,145108,145110,145112,145115],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,145109,62],{"class":61},[55,145111,66],{"class":65},[55,145113,145114],{"class":318},"uppercase_word",[55,145116,322],{"class":65},[14,145118,281],{},[46,145120,145122],{"className":48,"code":145121,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"banana\nBANANA\n",[18,145123,145124,145128],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,145125,145126],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,145127,70479],{"class":902},[55,145129,145130],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,145131,145132],{"class":34511},"BANANA\n",[14,145134,112542],{},[240,145136,145137,145142],{},[243,145138,145139,145141],{},[18,145140,38454],{}," keeps its original value",[243,145143,145144,145146,145147],{},[18,145145,145114],{}," stores the returned value from ",[18,145148,128306],{},[41,145150,145152,145154],{"id":145151},"upper-does-not-change-the-original-string",[18,145153,128306],{}," does not change the original string",[14,145156,137060,145157,145159],{},[435,145158,137063],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change the characters inside a string directly.",[14,145161,145162],{},"So this method:",[46,145164,145166],{"className":48,"code":145165,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name = \"alice\"\nname.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[18,145167,145168,145180,145190,145194],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,145169,145170,145172,145174,145176,145178],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,145171,1004],{"class":902},[55,145173,906],{"class":703},[55,145175,793],{"class":109},[55,145177,17853],{"class":129},[55,145179,1052],{"class":109},[55,145181,145182,145184,145186,145188],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,145183,785],{"class":902},[55,145185,29],{"class":65},[55,145187,34536],{"class":318},[55,145189,1789],{"class":65},[55,145191,145192],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,145193,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,145195,145196,145198,145200,145202],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,145197,62],{"class":61},[55,145199,66],{"class":65},[55,145201,785],{"class":318},[55,145203,322],{"class":65},[14,145205,281],{},[46,145207,145209],{"className":48,"code":145208,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"alice\n",[18,145210,145211],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,145212,145213],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,145214,145208],{"class":902},[14,145216,21029,145217,145219,145220,145222],{},[18,145218,128306],{}," was called, ",[18,145221,785],{}," did not change because the result was not saved.",[14,145224,145225],{},"If you want to keep the uppercase version, assign it back to the variable:",[46,145227,145229],{"className":48,"code":145228,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name = \"alice\"\nname = name.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[18,145230,145231,145243,145257,145261],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,145232,145233,145235,145237,145239,145241],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,145234,1004],{"class":902},[55,145236,906],{"class":703},[55,145238,793],{"class":109},[55,145240,17853],{"class":129},[55,145242,1052],{"class":109},[55,145244,145245,145247,145249,145251,145253,145255],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,145246,1004],{"class":902},[55,145248,906],{"class":703},[55,145250,36052],{"class":902},[55,145252,29],{"class":65},[55,145254,34536],{"class":318},[55,145256,1789],{"class":65},[55,145258,145259],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,145260,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,145262,145263,145265,145267,145269],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,145264,62],{"class":61},[55,145266,66],{"class":65},[55,145268,785],{"class":318},[55,145270,322],{"class":65},[14,145272,281],{},[46,145274,145276],{"className":48,"code":145275,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"ALICE\n",[18,145277,145278],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,145279,145280],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,145281,145275],{"class":34511},[14,145283,145284],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes with string methods.",[41,145286,145288],{"id":145287},"what-happens-to-numbers-spaces-and-symbols","What happens to numbers, spaces, and symbols",[14,145290,145291,145293],{},[18,145292,128306],{}," only changes letters that have uppercase forms.",[240,145295,145296,145299,145302,145305],{},[243,145297,145298],{},"Numbers stay the same",[243,145300,145301],{},"Spaces stay the same",[243,145303,145304],{},"Punctuation stays the same",[243,145306,145307],{},"Only letters are changed",[14,145309,358],{},[46,145311,145313],{"className":48,"code":145312,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"Room 7, table #3!\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[18,145314,145315,145328],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,145316,145317,145319,145321,145323,145326],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,145318,34746],{"class":902},[55,145320,906],{"class":703},[55,145322,793],{"class":109},[55,145324,145325],{"class":129},"Room 7, table #3!",[55,145327,1052],{"class":109},[55,145329,145330,145332,145334,145336,145338,145340],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,145331,62],{"class":61},[55,145333,66],{"class":65},[55,145335,34767],{"class":318},[55,145337,29],{"class":65},[55,145339,34536],{"class":318},[55,145341,278],{"class":65},[14,145343,281],{},[46,145345,145347],{"className":48,"code":145346,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"ROOM 7, TABLE #3!\n",[18,145348,145349],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,145350,145351,145354,145356,145358,145361],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,145352,145353],{"class":34511},"ROOM",[55,145355,6272],{"class":75},[55,145357,163],{"class":65},[55,145359,145360],{"class":34511}," TABLE",[55,145362,145363],{"class":3956}," #3!\n",[14,145365,145366],{},"The letters changed to uppercase, but the number, space, comma, and symbol stayed the same.",[41,145368,5247,145370],{"id":145369},"when-to-use-upper",[18,145371,128306],{},[14,145373,145374,145376],{},[18,145375,128306],{}," is useful when you want to standardize text.",[14,145378,48407],{},[240,145380,145381,145384,145387],{},[243,145382,145383],{},"Standardize user input for comparisons",[243,145385,145386],{},"Format labels or headings",[243,145388,145389],{},"Make text easier to compare in simple cases",[14,145391,145392],{},"Example: simple comparison",[46,145394,145396],{"className":48,"code":145395,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"answer = \"yes\"\n\nif answer.upper() == \"YES\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[18,145397,145398,145410,145414,145436],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,145399,145400,145402,145404,145406,145408],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,145401,136671],{"class":902},[55,145403,906],{"class":703},[55,145405,793],{"class":109},[55,145407,1804],{"class":129},[55,145409,1052],{"class":109},[55,145411,145412],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,145413,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,145415,145416,145418,145420,145422,145424,145426,145428,145430,145432,145434],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,145417,38],{"class":1193},[55,145419,136691],{"class":902},[55,145421,29],{"class":65},[55,145423,34536],{"class":318},[55,145425,466],{"class":65},[55,145427,6684],{"class":703},[55,145429,793],{"class":109},[55,145431,136678],{"class":129},[55,145433,126],{"class":109},[55,145435,1199],{"class":65},[55,145437,145438,145440,145442,145444,145446,145448],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,145439,1204],{"class":61},[55,145441,66],{"class":65},[55,145443,126],{"class":109},[55,145445,143875],{"class":129},[55,145447,126],{"class":109},[55,145449,322],{"class":65},[14,145451,281],{},[46,145453,145454],{"className":48,"code":143884,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,145455,145456],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,145457,145458],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,145459,143884],{"class":902},[14,145461,145462,145463,2493,145465,2497,145467,29],{},"This can help when users type different letter cases, such as ",[18,145464,1804],{},[18,145466,137464],{},[18,145468,136678],{},[41,145470,1586],{"id":1585},[889,145472,95962],{"id":95961},[14,145474,1252,145475,145478],{},[18,145476,145477],{},"text.upper()"," to change the original variable automatically.",[14,145480,16692],{},[46,145482,145484],{"className":48,"code":145483,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[18,145485,145486,145498,145508],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,145487,145488,145490,145492,145494,145496],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,145489,34746],{"class":902},[55,145491,906],{"class":703},[55,145493,793],{"class":109},[55,145495,130],{"class":129},[55,145497,1052],{"class":109},[55,145499,145500,145502,145504,145506],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,145501,34767],{"class":902},[55,145503,29],{"class":65},[55,145505,34536],{"class":318},[55,145507,1789],{"class":65},[55,145509,145510,145512,145514,145516],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,145511,62],{"class":61},[55,145513,66],{"class":65},[55,145515,34767],{"class":318},[55,145517,322],{"class":65},[14,145519,281],{},[46,145521,145522],{"className":48,"code":138743,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,145523,145524],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,145525,145526],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,145527,138743],{"class":902},[14,145529,16704],{},[46,145531,145533],{"className":48,"code":145532,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"hello\"\ntext = text.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[18,145534,145535,145547,145561],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,145536,145537,145539,145541,145543,145545],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,145538,34746],{"class":902},[55,145540,906],{"class":703},[55,145542,793],{"class":109},[55,145544,130],{"class":129},[55,145546,1052],{"class":109},[55,145548,145549,145551,145553,145555,145557,145559],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,145550,34746],{"class":902},[55,145552,906],{"class":703},[55,145554,42907],{"class":902},[55,145556,29],{"class":65},[55,145558,34536],{"class":318},[55,145560,1789],{"class":65},[55,145562,145563,145565,145567,145569],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,145564,62],{"class":61},[55,145566,66],{"class":65},[55,145568,34767],{"class":318},[55,145570,322],{"class":65},[14,145572,281],{},[46,145574,145576],{"className":48,"code":145575,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"HELLO\n",[18,145577,145578],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,145579,145580],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,145581,145575],{"class":34511},[889,145583,18958,145585,137350],{"id":145584},"trying-to-call-upper-on-a-non-string-value",[18,145586,128306],{},[14,145588,145589,145591],{},[18,145590,128306],{}," is a string method. If the value is not a string, it will fail.",[14,145593,358],{},[46,145595,145597],{"className":48,"code":145596,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"number = 123\nprint(number.upper())\n",[18,145598,145599,145607],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,145600,145601,145603,145605],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,145602,2521],{"class":902},[55,145604,906],{"class":703},[55,145606,125110],{"class":75},[55,145608,145609,145611,145613,145615,145617,145619],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,145610,62],{"class":61},[55,145612,66],{"class":65},[55,145614,2544],{"class":318},[55,145616,29],{"class":65},[55,145618,34536],{"class":318},[55,145620,278],{"class":65},[14,145622,39717,145623,145625,145626,33658],{},[18,145624,2492],{}," objects do not have an ",[18,145627,128306],{},[14,145629,145630],{},"If needed, convert the value to a string first:",[46,145632,145634],{"className":48,"code":145633,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"number = 123\nprint(str(number).upper())\n",[18,145635,145636,145644],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,145637,145638,145640,145642],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,145639,2521],{"class":902},[55,145641,906],{"class":703},[55,145643,125110],{"class":75},[55,145645,145646,145648,145650,145652,145654,145656,145658,145660],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,145647,62],{"class":61},[55,145649,66],{"class":65},[55,145651,3738],{"class":69},[55,145653,66],{"class":65},[55,145655,2544],{"class":318},[55,145657,1777],{"class":65},[55,145659,34536],{"class":318},[55,145661,278],{"class":65},[14,145663,281],{},[46,145665,145667],{"className":48,"code":145666,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"123\n",[18,145668,145669],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,145670,145671],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,145672,145666],{"class":75},[889,145674,37266,145676,145678],{"id":145675},"confusing-upper-with-title-case",[18,145677,128306],{}," with title case",[14,145680,145681,145683,145684,145687],{},[18,145682,128306],{}," makes ",[435,145685,145686],{},"all letters uppercase",". It does not make every word start with a capital letter.",[46,145689,145691],{"className":48,"code":145690,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[18,145692,145693,145705],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,145694,145695,145697,145699,145701,145703],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,145696,34746],{"class":902},[55,145698,906],{"class":703},[55,145700,793],{"class":109},[55,145702,60478],{"class":129},[55,145704,1052],{"class":109},[55,145706,145707,145709,145711,145713,145715,145717],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,145708,62],{"class":61},[55,145710,66],{"class":65},[55,145712,34767],{"class":318},[55,145714,29],{"class":65},[55,145716,34536],{"class":318},[55,145718,278],{"class":65},[14,145720,281],{},[46,145722,145724],{"className":48,"code":145723,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"HELLO WORLD\n",[18,145725,145726],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,145727,145728,145730],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,145729,136452],{"class":34511},[55,145731,145732],{"class":34511}," WORLD\n",[14,145734,145735,145736,145740,145741,145745],{},"If your goal is different, another method may fit better. For example, ",[294,145737,145738],{"href":124155},[18,145739,124158],{}," makes text lowercase, and ",[294,145742,145743],{"href":130009},[18,145744,124599],{}," changes parts of a string.",[41,145747,145749],{"id":145748},"related-string-methods","Related string methods",[14,145751,145752,145753,790],{},"These string methods are often used with ",[18,145754,128306],{},[240,145756,145757,145764,145771,145778],{},[243,145758,145759,145763],{},[294,145760,145761],{"href":124155},[18,145762,124158],{}," for lowercase text",[243,145765,145766,145770],{},[294,145767,145768],{"href":136998},[18,145769,41718],{}," for removing leading and trailing whitespace",[243,145772,145773,145777],{},[294,145774,145775],{"href":130009},[18,145776,124599],{}," for changing parts of a string",[243,145779,145780,4679,145782,145784],{},[18,145781,127796],{},[18,145783,126486],{}," for checks",[14,145786,358],{},[46,145788,145790],{"className":48,"code":145789,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\ncleaned = text.strip()\nloud = cleaned.upper()\n\nprint(loud)\n",[18,145791,145792,145804,145808,145823,145839,145843],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,145793,145794,145796,145798,145800,145802],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,145795,34746],{"class":902},[55,145797,906],{"class":703},[55,145799,793],{"class":109},[55,145801,143526],{"class":129},[55,145803,1052],{"class":109},[55,145805,145806],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,145807,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,145809,145810,145813,145815,145817,145819,145821],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,145811,145812],{"class":902},"cleaned ",[55,145814,906],{"class":703},[55,145816,42907],{"class":902},[55,145818,29],{"class":65},[55,145820,1780],{"class":318},[55,145822,1789],{"class":65},[55,145824,145825,145828,145830,145833,145835,145837],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,145826,145827],{"class":902},"loud ",[55,145829,906],{"class":703},[55,145831,145832],{"class":902}," cleaned",[55,145834,29],{"class":65},[55,145836,34536],{"class":318},[55,145838,1789],{"class":65},[55,145840,145841],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,145842,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,145844,145845,145847,145849,145852],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,145846,62],{"class":61},[55,145848,66],{"class":65},[55,145850,145851],{"class":318},"loud",[55,145853,322],{"class":65},[14,145855,281],{},[46,145857,145858],{"className":48,"code":145723,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,145859,145860],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,145861,145862,145864],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,145863,136452],{"class":34511},[55,145865,145732],{"class":34511},[41,145867,2139],{"id":2138},[889,145869,12748,145871,124755],{"id":145870},"does-upper-change-the-original-string",[18,145872,128306],{},[14,145874,145875],{},"No. It returns a new uppercase string. Save the result if you want to keep it.",[889,145877,12748,145879,137732],{"id":145878},"does-upper-take-any-arguments",[18,145880,128306],{},[14,145882,145883,145884,29],{},"No. The method is called with empty parentheses: ",[18,145885,145477],{},[889,145887,145889],{"id":145888},"what-happens-to-numbers-and-symbols","What happens to numbers and symbols?",[14,145891,145892,145893,145895],{},"They stay the same. ",[18,145894,128306],{}," only changes letters that can be converted to uppercase.",[889,145897,28383,145899,145901],{"id":145898},"can-i-use-upper-for-case-insensitive-comparison",[18,145900,128306],{}," for case-insensitive comparison?",[14,145903,145904],{},"Yes, for simple cases. Convert both strings before comparing them.",[14,145906,358],{},[46,145908,145910],{"className":48,"code":145909,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = \"python\"\nb = \"PYTHON\"\n\nprint(a.upper() == b.upper())\n",[18,145911,145912,145924,145937,145941],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,145913,145914,145916,145918,145920,145922],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,145915,2857],{"class":902},[55,145917,906],{"class":703},[55,145919,793],{"class":109},[55,145921,50],{"class":129},[55,145923,1052],{"class":109},[55,145925,145926,145928,145930,145932,145935],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,145927,2885],{"class":902},[55,145929,906],{"class":703},[55,145931,793],{"class":109},[55,145933,145934],{"class":129},"PYTHON",[55,145936,1052],{"class":109},[55,145938,145939],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,145940,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,145942,145943,145945,145947,145949,145951,145953,145955,145957,145959,145961,145963],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,145944,62],{"class":61},[55,145946,66],{"class":65},[55,145948,294],{"class":318},[55,145950,29],{"class":65},[55,145952,34536],{"class":318},[55,145954,466],{"class":65},[55,145956,6684],{"class":703},[55,145958,2862],{"class":318},[55,145960,29],{"class":65},[55,145962,34536],{"class":318},[55,145964,278],{"class":65},[14,145966,281],{},[46,145968,145969],{"className":48,"code":193,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,145970,145971],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,145972,145973],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,145974,193],{"class":187},[41,145976,2193],{"id":2192},[240,145978,145979,145983,145989,145995,146001,146005,146009],{},[243,145980,145981],{},[294,145982,125183],{"href":51044},[243,145984,145985],{},[294,145986,126428,145987,10780],{"href":124155},[18,145988,124158],{},[243,145990,145991],{},[294,145992,126428,145993,10780],{"href":136998},[18,145994,41718],{},[243,145996,145997],{},[294,145998,126428,145999,10780],{"href":130009},[18,146000,124599],{},[243,146002,146003],{},[294,146004,90756],{"href":89765},[243,146006,146007],{},[294,146008,124827],{"href":123683},[243,146010,146011],{},[294,146012,137818],{"href":136399},[2226,146014,146015],{},"html 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.sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":146017},[146018,146019,146021,146022,146023,146025,146026,146028,146035,146036,146045],{"id":2307,"depth":82,"text":2308},{"id":144941,"depth":82,"text":146020},"What upper() does",{"id":2459,"depth":82,"text":2460},{"id":11516,"depth":82,"text":11517},{"id":145151,"depth":82,"text":146024},"upper() does not change the original string",{"id":145287,"depth":82,"text":145288},{"id":145369,"depth":82,"text":146027},"When to use upper()",{"id":1585,"depth":82,"text":1586,"children":146029},[146030,146031,146033],{"id":95961,"depth":98,"text":95962},{"id":145584,"depth":98,"text":146032},"Trying to call upper() on a non-string value",{"id":145675,"depth":98,"text":146034},"Confusing upper() with title case",{"id":145748,"depth":82,"text":145749},{"id":2138,"depth":82,"text":2139,"children":146037},[146038,146040,146042,146043],{"id":145870,"depth":98,"text":146039},"Does upper() change the original string?",{"id":145878,"depth":98,"text":146041},"Does upper() take any arguments?",{"id":145888,"depth":98,"text":145889},{"id":145898,"depth":98,"text":146044},"Can I use upper() for case-insensitive comparison?",{"id":2192,"depth":82,"text":2193},"Master python string upper method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method",{"title":144865,"description":146046},"reference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method","CsxUKCdYvLDpit9Dq111nYxjaDPu17cNNaa2kyQ-PpY",{"id":146053,"title":146054,"body":146055,"description":147932,"extension":2267,"meta":147933,"navigation":1121,"path":147934,"seo":147935,"stem":147936,"__hash__":147937},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained.md","Python sum() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":146056,"toc":147882},[146057,146063,146070,146076,146078,146134,146139,146144,146149,146152,146171,146174,146176,146200,146218,146229,146231,146234,146287,146289,146297,146299,146317,146322,146325,146382,146384,146393,146396,146416,146419,146425,146430,146432,146475,146477,146485,146488,146529,146531,146540,146546,146552,146579,146581,146589,146594,146598,146610,146653,146655,146663,146668,146674,146679,146683,146685,146728,146731,146778,146780,146789,146796,146800,146803,146849,146854,146858,146860,146903,146906,146914,146916,146921,146923,146925,146944,146947,146959,146961,146980,146982,146990,146994,146996,147047,147050,147125,147127,147135,147138,147142,147144,147191,147194,147265,147267,147275,147281,147283,147358,147362,147441,147443,147451,147457,147463,147468,147473,147522,147526,147597,147600,147605,147616,147619,147630,147640,147642,147647,147672,147677,147758,147760,147785,147787,147792,147795,147801,147810,147816,147819,147825,147831,147838,147841,147843,147879],[10,146058,3871,146060,3875],{"id":146059},"python-sum-function-explained",[18,146061,146062],{},"sum()",[14,146064,9159,146065,146067,146068,24817],{},[18,146066,146062],{}," function adds numbers from an iterable such as a list, tuple, or ",[18,146069,60070],{},[14,146071,146072,146073,146075],{},"It is one of the simplest ways to get a total in Python. Beginners often use it to add all numbers in a list, but it also has an optional ",[18,146074,36133],{}," value and a few important limits.",[41,146077,2308],{"id":2307},[46,146079,146081],{"className":48,"code":146080,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)  # 10\n",[18,146082,146083,146107,146122],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,146084,146085,146087,146089,146091,146093,146095,146097,146099,146101,146103,146105],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,146086,1168],{"class":902},[55,146088,906],{"class":703},[55,146090,909],{"class":65},[55,146092,93],{"class":75},[55,146094,163],{"class":65},[55,146096,166],{"class":75},[55,146098,163],{"class":65},[55,146100,171],{"class":75},[55,146102,163],{"class":65},[55,146104,2759],{"class":75},[55,146106,924],{"class":65},[55,146108,146109,146111,146113,146116,146118,146120],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,146110,41247],{"class":902},[55,146112,906],{"class":703},[55,146114,146115],{"class":61}," sum",[55,146117,66],{"class":65},[55,146119,332],{"class":318},[55,146121,322],{"class":65},[55,146123,146124,146126,146128,146130,146132],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,146125,62],{"class":61},[55,146127,66],{"class":65},[55,146129,41276],{"class":318},[55,146131,3953],{"class":65},[55,146133,26849],{"class":3956},[14,146135,212,146136,146138],{},[18,146137,146062],{}," to add numbers from an iterable like a list or tuple.",[41,146140,3970,146142,3973],{"id":146141},"what-sum-does",[18,146143,146062],{},[14,146145,146146,146148],{},[18,146147,146062],{}," adds numeric values from an iterable.",[14,146150,146151],{},"Common beginner uses include:",[240,146153,146154,146157,146160,146165],{},[243,146155,146156],{},"Adding numbers in a list",[243,146158,146159],{},"Adding values in a tuple",[243,146161,146162,146163],{},"Adding numbers from ",[18,146164,36259],{},[243,146166,146167,146168,146170],{},"Counting ",[18,146169,24],{}," values in a list of booleans",[14,146172,146173],{},"It returns the final total as a number.",[41,146175,2460],{"id":2459},[46,146177,146179],{"className":48,"code":146178,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"sum(iterable, start=0)\n",[18,146180,146181],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,146182,146183,146186,146188,146190,146192,146194,146196,146198],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,146184,146185],{"class":61},"sum",[55,146187,66],{"class":65},[55,146189,4014],{"class":318},[55,146191,163],{"class":65},[55,146193,36112],{"class":9212},[55,146195,906],{"class":703},[55,146197,76],{"class":75},[55,146199,322],{"class":65},[240,146201,146202,146207,146212],{},[243,146203,146204,146206],{},[18,146205,4014],{}," is the group of values to add",[243,146208,146209,146211],{},[18,146210,36133],{}," is an optional value added before the iterable values",[243,146213,146214,146215],{},"Most of the time, beginners only need ",[18,146216,146217],{},"sum(iterable)",[14,146219,146220,146221,146224,146225,29],{},"If you are new to the word ",[146222,146223,4014],"em",{},", think of it as a group of values you can loop through, such as a list, tuple, or ",[294,146226,146227,24670],{"href":36256},[18,146228,36259],{},[41,146230,11517],{"id":11516},[14,146232,146233],{},"Here is a basic example with a list of integers:",[46,146235,146237],{"className":48,"code":146236,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [5, 10, 15]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\n\nprint(total)\n",[18,146238,146239,146259,146273,146277],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,146240,146241,146243,146245,146247,146249,146251,146253,146255,146257],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,146242,1168],{"class":902},[55,146244,906],{"class":703},[55,146246,909],{"class":65},[55,146248,688],{"class":75},[55,146250,163],{"class":65},[55,146252,6283],{"class":75},[55,146254,163],{"class":65},[55,146256,37999],{"class":75},[55,146258,924],{"class":65},[55,146260,146261,146263,146265,146267,146269,146271],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,146262,41247],{"class":902},[55,146264,906],{"class":703},[55,146266,146115],{"class":61},[55,146268,66],{"class":65},[55,146270,332],{"class":318},[55,146272,322],{"class":65},[55,146274,146275],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,146276,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,146278,146279,146281,146283,146285],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,146280,62],{"class":61},[55,146282,66],{"class":65},[55,146284,41276],{"class":318},[55,146286,322],{"class":65},[14,146288,281],{},[46,146290,146291],{"className":48,"code":69913,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,146292,146293],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,146294,146295],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,146296,69913],{"class":75},[14,146298,11726],{},[240,146300,146301,146306,146312],{},[243,146302,146303,146305],{},[18,146304,332],{}," contains three integers",[243,146307,146308,146311],{},[18,146309,146310],{},"sum(numbers)"," adds them together",[243,146313,146314,146315],{},"The result is stored in ",[18,146316,41276],{},[41,146318,36674,146320,1572],{"id":146319},"using-the-start-value",[18,146321,36133],{},[14,146323,146324],{},"The second argument lets you begin with an extra value before Python adds the iterable items.",[46,146326,146328],{"className":48,"code":146327,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ntotal = sum(numbers, 10)\n\nprint(total)\n",[18,146329,146330,146350,146368,146372],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,146331,146332,146334,146336,146338,146340,146342,146344,146346,146348],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,146333,1168],{"class":902},[55,146335,906],{"class":703},[55,146337,909],{"class":65},[55,146339,93],{"class":75},[55,146341,163],{"class":65},[55,146343,166],{"class":75},[55,146345,163],{"class":65},[55,146347,171],{"class":75},[55,146349,924],{"class":65},[55,146351,146352,146354,146356,146358,146360,146362,146364,146366],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,146353,41247],{"class":902},[55,146355,906],{"class":703},[55,146357,146115],{"class":61},[55,146359,66],{"class":65},[55,146361,332],{"class":318},[55,146363,163],{"class":65},[55,146365,6283],{"class":75},[55,146367,322],{"class":65},[55,146369,146370],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,146371,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,146373,146374,146376,146378,146380],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,146375,62],{"class":61},[55,146377,66],{"class":65},[55,146379,41276],{"class":318},[55,146381,322],{"class":65},[14,146383,281],{},[46,146385,146387],{"className":48,"code":146386,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"16\n",[18,146388,146389],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,146390,146391],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,146392,146386],{"class":75},[14,146394,146395],{},"This works like:",[240,146397,146398,146403,146408,146412],{},[243,146399,146400,146401],{},"Start at ",[18,146402,376],{},[243,146404,146405,146406],{},"Add ",[18,146407,93],{},[243,146409,146405,146410],{},[18,146411,707],{},[243,146413,146405,146414],{},[18,146415,2366],{},[14,146417,146418],{},"This is useful when you already have a starting total.",[41,146420,3970,146422,146424],{"id":146421},"what-sum-can-work-with",[18,146423,146062],{}," can work with",[14,146426,146427,146429],{},[18,146428,146062],{}," works with numeric values.",[889,146431,40489],{"id":40488},[46,146433,146435],{"className":48,"code":146434,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[18,146436,146437,146461],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,146438,146439,146441,146443,146445,146447,146449,146451,146453,146455,146457,146459],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,146440,4110],{"class":902},[55,146442,906],{"class":703},[55,146444,909],{"class":65},[55,146446,93],{"class":75},[55,146448,163],{"class":65},[55,146450,166],{"class":75},[55,146452,163],{"class":65},[55,146454,171],{"class":75},[55,146456,163],{"class":65},[55,146458,2759],{"class":75},[55,146460,924],{"class":65},[55,146462,146463,146465,146467,146469,146471,146473],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,146464,62],{"class":61},[55,146466,66],{"class":65},[55,146468,146185],{"class":61},[55,146470,66],{"class":65},[55,146472,5642],{"class":318},[55,146474,79],{"class":65},[14,146476,281],{},[46,146478,146479],{"className":48,"code":2680,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,146480,146481],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,146482,146483],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,146484,2680],{"class":75},[889,146486,146487],{"id":52115},"Floats",[46,146489,146491],{"className":48,"code":146490,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"prices = [2.5, 3.75, 1.25]\nprint(sum(prices))\n",[18,146492,146493,146515],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,146494,146495,146497,146499,146501,146503,146505,146508,146510,146513],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,146496,83121],{"class":902},[55,146498,906],{"class":703},[55,146500,909],{"class":65},[55,146502,41223],{"class":75},[55,146504,163],{"class":65},[55,146506,146507],{"class":75}," 3.75",[55,146509,163],{"class":65},[55,146511,146512],{"class":75}," 1.25",[55,146514,924],{"class":65},[55,146516,146517,146519,146521,146523,146525,146527],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,146518,62],{"class":61},[55,146520,66],{"class":65},[55,146522,146185],{"class":61},[55,146524,66],{"class":65},[55,146526,83157],{"class":318},[55,146528,79],{"class":65},[14,146530,281],{},[46,146532,146534],{"className":48,"code":146533,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"7.5\n",[18,146535,146536],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,146537,146538],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,146539,146533],{"class":75},[14,146541,146542,146543,29],{},"If you need a refresher on numeric types, see ",[294,146544,146545],{"href":2722},"Python numbers explained: int and float",[889,146547,146549,146550],{"id":146548},"values-from-range","Values from ",[18,146551,36259],{},[46,146553,146555],{"className":48,"code":146554,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(sum(range(1, 6)))\n",[18,146556,146557],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,146558,146559,146561,146563,146565,146567,146569,146571,146573,146575,146577],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,146560,62],{"class":61},[55,146562,66],{"class":65},[55,146564,146185],{"class":61},[55,146566,66],{"class":65},[55,146568,60070],{"class":61},[55,146570,66],{"class":65},[55,146572,93],{"class":75},[55,146574,163],{"class":65},[55,146576,37706],{"class":75},[55,146578,769],{"class":65},[14,146580,281],{},[46,146582,146583],{"className":48,"code":47108,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,146584,146585],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,146586,146587],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,146588,47108],{"class":75},[14,146590,113632,146591,29],{},[18,146592,146593],{},"1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5",[889,146595,146597],{"id":146596},"boolean-values","Boolean values",[14,146599,146600,146601,146603,146604,4679,146606,146603,146608,29],{},"Booleans can also be summed because ",[18,146602,24],{}," acts like ",[18,146605,93],{},[18,146607,28],{},[18,146609,76],{},[46,146611,146613],{"className":48,"code":146612,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"results = [True, False, True, True]\nprint(sum(results))\n",[18,146614,146615,146639],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,146616,146617,146619,146621,146623,146625,146627,146629,146631,146633,146635,146637],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,146618,52035],{"class":902},[55,146620,906],{"class":703},[55,146622,909],{"class":65},[55,146624,24],{"class":187},[55,146626,163],{"class":65},[55,146628,4193],{"class":187},[55,146630,163],{"class":65},[55,146632,4202],{"class":187},[55,146634,163],{"class":65},[55,146636,4202],{"class":187},[55,146638,924],{"class":65},[55,146640,146641,146643,146645,146647,146649,146651],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,146642,62],{"class":61},[55,146644,66],{"class":65},[55,146646,146185],{"class":61},[55,146648,66],{"class":65},[55,146650,52088],{"class":318},[55,146652,79],{"class":65},[14,146654,281],{},[46,146656,146657],{"className":48,"code":46684,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,146658,146659],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,146660,146661],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,146662,46684],{"class":75},[14,146664,146665,146666,29],{},"This is a simple way to count how many values are ",[18,146667,24],{},[41,146669,3970,146671,146673],{"id":146670},"what-sum-does-not-work-with",[18,146672,146062],{}," does not work with",[14,146675,146676,146678],{},[18,146677,146062],{}," is for numeric addition. It is not for joining text or combining lists.",[889,146680,146682],{"id":146681},"it-does-not-join-strings","It does not join strings",[14,146684,3139],{},[46,146686,146688],{"className":48,"code":146687,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(sum(words))\n",[18,146689,146690,146714],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,146691,146692,146694,146696,146698,146700,146702,146704,146706,146708,146710,146712],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,146693,4355],{"class":902},[55,146695,906],{"class":703},[55,146697,909],{"class":65},[55,146699,126],{"class":109},[55,146701,130],{"class":129},[55,146703,126],{"class":109},[55,146705,163],{"class":65},[55,146707,793],{"class":109},[55,146709,60663],{"class":129},[55,146711,126],{"class":109},[55,146713,924],{"class":65},[55,146715,146716,146718,146720,146722,146724,146726],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,146717,62],{"class":61},[55,146719,66],{"class":65},[55,146721,146185],{"class":61},[55,146723,66],{"class":65},[55,146725,4399],{"class":318},[55,146727,79],{"class":65},[14,146729,146730],{},"Use string joining instead:",[46,146732,146734],{"className":48,"code":146733,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[18,146735,146736,146760],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,146737,146738,146740,146742,146744,146746,146748,146750,146752,146754,146756,146758],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,146739,4355],{"class":902},[55,146741,906],{"class":703},[55,146743,909],{"class":65},[55,146745,126],{"class":109},[55,146747,130],{"class":129},[55,146749,126],{"class":109},[55,146751,163],{"class":65},[55,146753,793],{"class":109},[55,146755,60663],{"class":129},[55,146757,126],{"class":109},[55,146759,924],{"class":65},[55,146761,146762,146764,146766,146768,146770,146772,146774,146776],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,146763,62],{"class":61},[55,146765,66],{"class":65},[55,146767,110],{"class":109},[55,146769,29],{"class":65},[55,146771,133587],{"class":318},[55,146773,66],{"class":65},[55,146775,4399],{"class":318},[55,146777,79],{"class":65},[14,146779,281],{},[46,146781,146783],{"className":48,"code":146782,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"helloworld\n",[18,146784,146785],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,146786,146787],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,146788,146782],{"class":902},[14,146790,146791,146792,29],{},"If you need to turn values into text first, see ",[294,146793,146794,6061],{"href":42240},[18,146795,47751],{},[889,146797,146799],{"id":146798},"it-does-not-combine-lists","It does not combine lists",[14,146801,146802],{},"This also causes an error:",[46,146804,146806],{"className":48,"code":146805,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"lists = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(sum(lists))\n",[18,146807,146808,146835],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,146809,146810,146813,146815,146817,146819,146821,146823,146825,146827,146829,146831,146833],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,146811,146812],{"class":902},"lists ",[55,146814,906],{"class":703},[55,146816,56364],{"class":65},[55,146818,93],{"class":75},[55,146820,163],{"class":65},[55,146822,166],{"class":75},[55,146824,18112],{"class":65},[55,146826,909],{"class":65},[55,146828,2366],{"class":75},[55,146830,163],{"class":65},[55,146832,2759],{"class":75},[55,146834,53312],{"class":65},[55,146836,146837,146839,146841,146843,146845,146847],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,146838,62],{"class":61},[55,146840,66],{"class":65},[55,146842,146185],{"class":61},[55,146844,66],{"class":65},[55,146846,338],{"class":318},[55,146848,79],{"class":65},[14,146850,146851,146853],{},[18,146852,146062],{}," is not the right tool for combining lists.",[889,146855,146857],{"id":146856},"it-fails-with-mixed-incompatible-types","It fails with mixed incompatible types",[14,146859,5756],{},[46,146861,146863],{"className":48,"code":146862,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = [1, 2, \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[18,146864,146865,146889],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,146866,146867,146869,146871,146873,146875,146877,146879,146881,146883,146885,146887],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,146868,4110],{"class":902},[55,146870,906],{"class":703},[55,146872,909],{"class":65},[55,146874,93],{"class":75},[55,146876,163],{"class":65},[55,146878,166],{"class":75},[55,146880,163],{"class":65},[55,146882,793],{"class":109},[55,146884,2366],{"class":129},[55,146886,126],{"class":109},[55,146888,924],{"class":65},[55,146890,146891,146893,146895,146897,146899,146901],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,146892,62],{"class":61},[55,146894,66],{"class":65},[55,146896,146185],{"class":61},[55,146898,66],{"class":65},[55,146900,5642],{"class":318},[55,146902,79],{"class":65},[14,146904,146905],{},"This fails because Python cannot add integers and strings together.",[14,146907,146908,146909,146911,146912,29],{},"If you have number strings such as ",[18,146910,66018],{},", convert them first. See ",[294,146913,3263],{"href":3262},[41,146915,41569],{"id":41568},[14,146917,146918,146919,29],{},"Here are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[18,146920,146062],{},[889,146922,6799],{"id":6798},[14,146924,4810],{},[46,146926,146928],{"className":48,"code":146927,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(sum(5))\n",[18,146929,146930],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,146931,146932,146934,146936,146938,146940,146942],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,146933,62],{"class":61},[55,146935,66],{"class":65},[55,146937,146185],{"class":61},[55,146939,66],{"class":65},[55,146941,688],{"class":75},[55,146943,79],{"class":65},[14,146945,146946],{},"Why it fails:",[240,146948,146949,146954],{},[243,146950,146951,146953],{},[18,146952,688],{}," is a single integer",[243,146955,146956,146958],{},[18,146957,146062],{}," expects an iterable, not one number",[14,146960,6829],{},[46,146962,146964],{"className":48,"code":146963,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(sum([5]))\n",[18,146965,146966],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,146967,146968,146970,146972,146974,146976,146978],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,146969,62],{"class":61},[55,146971,66],{"class":65},[55,146973,146185],{"class":61},[55,146975,158],{"class":65},[55,146977,688],{"class":75},[55,146979,174],{"class":65},[14,146981,281],{},[46,146983,146984],{"className":48,"code":3248,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,146985,146986],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,146987,146988],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,146989,3248],{"class":75},[889,146991,146993],{"id":146992},"trying-to-sum-strings","Trying to sum strings",[14,146995,4810],{},[46,146997,146999],{"className":48,"code":146998,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[18,147000,147001,147033],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,147002,147003,147005,147007,147009,147011,147013,147015,147017,147019,147021,147023,147025,147027,147029,147031],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,147004,4110],{"class":902},[55,147006,906],{"class":703},[55,147008,909],{"class":65},[55,147010,126],{"class":109},[55,147012,93],{"class":129},[55,147014,126],{"class":109},[55,147016,163],{"class":65},[55,147018,793],{"class":109},[55,147020,707],{"class":129},[55,147022,126],{"class":109},[55,147024,163],{"class":65},[55,147026,793],{"class":109},[55,147028,2366],{"class":129},[55,147030,126],{"class":109},[55,147032,924],{"class":65},[55,147034,147035,147037,147039,147041,147043,147045],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,147036,62],{"class":61},[55,147038,66],{"class":65},[55,147040,146185],{"class":61},[55,147042,66],{"class":65},[55,147044,5642],{"class":318},[55,147046,79],{"class":65},[14,147048,147049],{},"Fix it by converting the strings to integers:",[46,147051,147053],{"className":48,"code":147052,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[18,147054,147055,147087,147115],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,147056,147057,147059,147061,147063,147065,147067,147069,147071,147073,147075,147077,147079,147081,147083,147085],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,147058,4110],{"class":902},[55,147060,906],{"class":703},[55,147062,909],{"class":65},[55,147064,126],{"class":109},[55,147066,93],{"class":129},[55,147068,126],{"class":109},[55,147070,163],{"class":65},[55,147072,793],{"class":109},[55,147074,707],{"class":129},[55,147076,126],{"class":109},[55,147078,163],{"class":65},[55,147080,793],{"class":109},[55,147082,2366],{"class":129},[55,147084,126],{"class":109},[55,147086,924],{"class":65},[55,147088,147089,147091,147093,147095,147097,147099,147101,147103,147105,147107,147109,147111,147113],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,147090,41247],{"class":902},[55,147092,906],{"class":703},[55,147094,146115],{"class":61},[55,147096,66],{"class":65},[55,147098,2492],{"class":69},[55,147100,66],{"class":65},[55,147102,2477],{"class":318},[55,147104,3953],{"class":65},[55,147106,4162],{"class":1193},[55,147108,4165],{"class":318},[55,147110,4168],{"class":1193},[55,147112,4171],{"class":318},[55,147114,322],{"class":65},[55,147116,147117,147119,147121,147123],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,147118,62],{"class":61},[55,147120,66],{"class":65},[55,147122,41276],{"class":318},[55,147124,322],{"class":65},[14,147126,281],{},[46,147128,147129],{"className":48,"code":2958,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,147130,147131],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,147132,147133],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,147134,2958],{"class":75},[14,147136,147137],{},"This kind of problem is related to TypeError with unsupported operand types.",[889,147139,147141],{"id":147140},"mixing-numbers-and-strings","Mixing numbers and strings",[14,147143,4810],{},[46,147145,147147],{"className":48,"code":147146,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[18,147148,147149,147177],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,147150,147151,147153,147155,147157,147159,147161,147163,147165,147167,147169,147171,147173,147175],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,147152,4110],{"class":902},[55,147154,906],{"class":703},[55,147156,909],{"class":65},[55,147158,93],{"class":75},[55,147160,163],{"class":65},[55,147162,166],{"class":75},[55,147164,163],{"class":65},[55,147166,793],{"class":109},[55,147168,2366],{"class":129},[55,147170,126],{"class":109},[55,147172,163],{"class":65},[55,147174,2759],{"class":75},[55,147176,924],{"class":65},[55,147178,147179,147181,147183,147185,147187,147189],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,147180,62],{"class":61},[55,147182,66],{"class":65},[55,147184,146185],{"class":61},[55,147186,66],{"class":65},[55,147188,5642],{"class":318},[55,147190,79],{"class":65},[14,147192,147193],{},"Fix it by making all values numeric:",[46,147195,147197],{"className":48,"code":147196,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[18,147198,147199,147227,147255],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,147200,147201,147203,147205,147207,147209,147211,147213,147215,147217,147219,147221,147223,147225],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,147202,4110],{"class":902},[55,147204,906],{"class":703},[55,147206,909],{"class":65},[55,147208,93],{"class":75},[55,147210,163],{"class":65},[55,147212,166],{"class":75},[55,147214,163],{"class":65},[55,147216,793],{"class":109},[55,147218,2366],{"class":129},[55,147220,126],{"class":109},[55,147222,163],{"class":65},[55,147224,2759],{"class":75},[55,147226,924],{"class":65},[55,147228,147229,147231,147233,147235,147237,147239,147241,147243,147245,147247,147249,147251,147253],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,147230,41247],{"class":902},[55,147232,906],{"class":703},[55,147234,146115],{"class":61},[55,147236,66],{"class":65},[55,147238,2492],{"class":69},[55,147240,66],{"class":65},[55,147242,2477],{"class":318},[55,147244,3953],{"class":65},[55,147246,4162],{"class":1193},[55,147248,4165],{"class":318},[55,147250,4168],{"class":1193},[55,147252,4171],{"class":318},[55,147254,322],{"class":65},[55,147256,147257,147259,147261,147263],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,147258,62],{"class":61},[55,147260,66],{"class":65},[55,147262,41276],{"class":318},[55,147264,322],{"class":65},[14,147266,281],{},[46,147268,147269],{"className":48,"code":2680,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,147270,147271],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,147272,147273],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,147274,2680],{"class":75},[889,147276,1556,147278,147280],{"id":147277},"using-sum-to-join-text",[18,147279,146062],{}," to join text",[14,147282,4810],{},[46,147284,147286],{"className":48,"code":147285,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(sum(letters))\n",[18,147287,147288,147344],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,147289,147290,147292,147294,147296,147298,147300,147302,147304,147306,147308,147310,147312,147314,147316,147318,147320,147322,147324,147326,147328,147330,147332,147334,147336,147338,147340,147342],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,147291,36151],{"class":902},[55,147293,906],{"class":703},[55,147295,909],{"class":65},[55,147297,126],{"class":109},[55,147299,134186],{"class":129},[55,147301,126],{"class":109},[55,147303,163],{"class":65},[55,147305,793],{"class":109},[55,147307,11788],{"class":129},[55,147309,126],{"class":109},[55,147311,163],{"class":65},[55,147313,793],{"class":109},[55,147315,63359],{"class":129},[55,147317,126],{"class":109},[55,147319,163],{"class":65},[55,147321,793],{"class":109},[55,147323,60510],{"class":129},[55,147325,126],{"class":109},[55,147327,163],{"class":65},[55,147329,793],{"class":109},[55,147331,60545],{"class":129},[55,147333,126],{"class":109},[55,147335,163],{"class":65},[55,147337,793],{"class":109},[55,147339,76103],{"class":129},[55,147341,126],{"class":109},[55,147343,924],{"class":65},[55,147345,147346,147348,147350,147352,147354,147356],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,147347,62],{"class":61},[55,147349,66],{"class":65},[55,147351,146185],{"class":61},[55,147353,66],{"class":65},[55,147355,36204],{"class":318},[55,147357,79],{"class":65},[14,147359,212,147360,60604],{},[18,147361,133510],{},[46,147363,147365],{"className":48,"code":147364,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(\"\".join(letters))\n",[18,147366,147367,147423],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,147368,147369,147371,147373,147375,147377,147379,147381,147383,147385,147387,147389,147391,147393,147395,147397,147399,147401,147403,147405,147407,147409,147411,147413,147415,147417,147419,147421],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,147370,36151],{"class":902},[55,147372,906],{"class":703},[55,147374,909],{"class":65},[55,147376,126],{"class":109},[55,147378,134186],{"class":129},[55,147380,126],{"class":109},[55,147382,163],{"class":65},[55,147384,793],{"class":109},[55,147386,11788],{"class":129},[55,147388,126],{"class":109},[55,147390,163],{"class":65},[55,147392,793],{"class":109},[55,147394,63359],{"class":129},[55,147396,126],{"class":109},[55,147398,163],{"class":65},[55,147400,793],{"class":109},[55,147402,60510],{"class":129},[55,147404,126],{"class":109},[55,147406,163],{"class":65},[55,147408,793],{"class":109},[55,147410,60545],{"class":129},[55,147412,126],{"class":109},[55,147414,163],{"class":65},[55,147416,793],{"class":109},[55,147418,76103],{"class":129},[55,147420,126],{"class":109},[55,147422,924],{"class":65},[55,147424,147425,147427,147429,147431,147433,147435,147437,147439],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,147426,62],{"class":61},[55,147428,66],{"class":65},[55,147430,110],{"class":109},[55,147432,29],{"class":65},[55,147434,133587],{"class":318},[55,147436,66],{"class":65},[55,147438,36204],{"class":318},[55,147440,79],{"class":65},[14,147442,281],{},[46,147444,147445],{"className":48,"code":134267,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,147446,147447],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,147448,147449],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,147450,134267],{"class":902},[14,147452,147453,147454,29],{},"If you see string-related errors while building text, you may also want to read ",[294,147455,147456],{"href":135348},"TypeError: sequence item 0 expected str instance",[41,147458,147460,147462],{"id":147459},"sum-vs-manual-loop",[18,147461,146062],{}," vs manual loop",[14,147464,147465,147467],{},[18,147466,146062],{}," is often better when you only need the total.",[889,147469,1556,147471],{"id":147470},"using-sum",[18,147472,146062],{},[46,147474,147476],{"className":48,"code":147475,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)\n",[18,147477,147478,147498,147512],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,147479,147480,147482,147484,147486,147488,147490,147492,147494,147496],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,147481,1168],{"class":902},[55,147483,906],{"class":703},[55,147485,909],{"class":65},[55,147487,2807],{"class":75},[55,147489,163],{"class":65},[55,147491,6272],{"class":75},[55,147493,163],{"class":65},[55,147495,54206],{"class":75},[55,147497,924],{"class":65},[55,147499,147500,147502,147504,147506,147508,147510],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,147501,41247],{"class":902},[55,147503,906],{"class":703},[55,147505,146115],{"class":61},[55,147507,66],{"class":65},[55,147509,332],{"class":318},[55,147511,322],{"class":65},[55,147513,147514,147516,147518,147520],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,147515,62],{"class":61},[55,147517,66],{"class":65},[55,147519,41276],{"class":318},[55,147521,322],{"class":65},[889,147523,147525],{"id":147524},"using-a-manual-loop","Using a manual loop",[46,147527,147529],{"className":48,"code":147528,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = 0\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    total += number\n\nprint(total)\n",[18,147530,147531,147551,147559,147563,147575,147583,147587],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,147532,147533,147535,147537,147539,147541,147543,147545,147547,147549],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,147534,1168],{"class":902},[55,147536,906],{"class":703},[55,147538,909],{"class":65},[55,147540,2807],{"class":75},[55,147542,163],{"class":65},[55,147544,6272],{"class":75},[55,147546,163],{"class":65},[55,147548,54206],{"class":75},[55,147550,924],{"class":65},[55,147552,147553,147555,147557],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,147554,41247],{"class":902},[55,147556,906],{"class":703},[55,147558,38576],{"class":75},[55,147560,147561],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,147562,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,147564,147565,147567,147569,147571,147573],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,147566,6236],{"class":1193},[55,147568,6663],{"class":902},[55,147570,4168],{"class":1193},[55,147572,1196],{"class":902},[55,147574,1199],{"class":65},[55,147576,147577,147579,147581],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,147578,90180],{"class":902},[55,147580,90183],{"class":703},[55,147582,90186],{"class":902},[55,147584,147585],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,147586,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,147588,147589,147591,147593,147595],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,147590,62],{"class":61},[55,147592,66],{"class":65},[55,147594,41276],{"class":318},[55,147596,322],{"class":65},[14,147598,147599],{},"Both produce the same result.",[14,147601,2790,147602,147604],{},[18,147603,146062],{}," is often better:",[240,147606,147607,147610,147613],{},[243,147608,147609],{},"Shorter code",[243,147611,147612],{},"Easier to read",[243,147614,147615],{},"Clear intent: you want a total",[14,147617,147618],{},"Why a manual loop is sometimes better:",[240,147620,147621,147624,147627],{},[243,147622,147623],{},"You need to skip some values",[243,147625,147626],{},"You need extra checks",[243,147628,147629],{},"You want to change values before adding them",[14,147631,147632,147633,147636,147637,147639],{},"For example, if you only want certain items, you might first ",[294,147634,147635],{"href":40072},"filter a list in Python"," and then use ",[18,147638,146062],{}," on the filtered result.",[41,147641,1586],{"id":1585},[14,147643,147644,147645,790],{},"These are the most common causes of problems with ",[18,147646,146062],{},[240,147648,147649,147655,147662,147669],{},[243,147650,147651,147652],{},"Passing a number instead of an iterable, such as ",[18,147653,147654],{},"sum(5)",[243,147656,147657,147658,147661],{},"Trying to sum strings like ",[18,147659,147660],{},"['1', '2', '3']"," without converting them",[243,147663,1556,147664,147666,147667],{},[18,147665,146062],{}," to join text instead of using string ",[18,147668,133510],{},[243,147670,147671],{},"Mixing numbers and strings in the same iterable",[14,147673,2029,147674,147676],{},[18,147675,146062],{}," is failing, these quick checks can help:",[46,147678,147680],{"className":48,"code":147679,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(values)\nprint(type(values))\nprint([type(x) for x in values])\nprint(sum([int(x) for x in values]))\n",[18,147681,147682,147692,147706,147730],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,147683,147684,147686,147688,147690],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,147685,62],{"class":61},[55,147687,66],{"class":65},[55,147689,5642],{"class":318},[55,147691,322],{"class":65},[55,147693,147694,147696,147698,147700,147702,147704],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,147695,62],{"class":61},[55,147697,66],{"class":65},[55,147699,1879],{"class":69},[55,147701,66],{"class":65},[55,147703,5642],{"class":318},[55,147705,79],{"class":65},[55,147707,147708,147710,147712,147714,147716,147718,147720,147722,147724,147726,147728],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,147709,62],{"class":61},[55,147711,158],{"class":65},[55,147713,1879],{"class":69},[55,147715,66],{"class":65},[55,147717,2477],{"class":318},[55,147719,3953],{"class":65},[55,147721,4162],{"class":1193},[55,147723,4165],{"class":318},[55,147725,4168],{"class":1193},[55,147727,4171],{"class":318},[55,147729,4174],{"class":65},[55,147731,147732,147734,147736,147738,147740,147742,147744,147746,147748,147750,147752,147754,147756],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,147733,62],{"class":61},[55,147735,66],{"class":65},[55,147737,146185],{"class":61},[55,147739,158],{"class":65},[55,147741,2492],{"class":69},[55,147743,66],{"class":65},[55,147745,2477],{"class":318},[55,147747,3953],{"class":65},[55,147749,4162],{"class":1193},[55,147751,4165],{"class":318},[55,147753,4168],{"class":1193},[55,147755,4171],{"class":318},[55,147757,174],{"class":65},[14,147759,136081],{},[240,147761,147762,147768,147774,147779],{},[243,147763,147764,147767],{},[18,147765,147766],{},"print(values)"," shows the actual data",[243,147769,147770,147773],{},[18,147771,147772],{},"print(type(values))"," shows whether the main object is a list, tuple, or something else",[243,147775,147776,136103],{},[18,147777,147778],{},"print([type(x) for x in values])",[243,147780,147781,147784],{},[18,147782,147783],{},"print(sum([int(x) for x in values]))"," tests whether conversion to integers fixes the problem",[41,147786,2139],{"id":2138},[889,147788,5429,147790,5432],{"id":147789},"what-does-sum-return-in-python",[18,147791,146062],{},[14,147793,147794],{},"It returns the total of the numeric values in an iterable.",[889,147796,5456,147798,147800],{"id":147797},"can-sum-add-strings-in-python",[18,147799,146062],{}," add strings in Python?",[14,147802,30326,147803,25,147806,147809],{},[18,147804,147805],{},"''.join(...)",[18,147807,147808],{},"'separator'.join(...)"," for strings.",[889,147811,5456,147813,147815],{"id":147812},"can-sum-work-with-floats",[18,147814,146062],{}," work with floats?",[14,147817,147818],{},"Yes. It can add both integers and floats.",[889,147820,147822,147823,2794],{"id":147821},"what-is-the-second-argument-in-sum","What is the second argument in ",[18,147824,146062],{},[14,147826,147827,147828,147830],{},"It is the optional ",[18,147829,36133],{}," value added before the iterable values are summed.",[889,147832,5444,147834,119466,147836,2794],{"id":147833},"why-does-sum-give-a-typeerror",[18,147835,146062],{},[18,147837,3303],{},[14,147839,147840],{},"Usually because one or more values are not numbers, or because the argument is not an iterable.",[41,147842,2193],{"id":2192},[240,147844,147845,147849,147855,147861,147867,147871,147875],{},[243,147846,147847],{},[294,147848,146545],{"href":2722},[243,147850,147851],{},[294,147852,3871,147853,3804],{"href":36256},[18,147854,36259],{},[243,147856,147857],{},[294,147858,3871,147859,3804],{"href":42423},[18,147860,42426],{},[243,147862,147863],{},[294,147864,3871,147865,3804],{"href":42240},[18,147866,47751],{},[243,147868,147869],{},[294,147870,5508],{"href":40072},[243,147872,147873],{},[294,147874,3821],{"href":3262},[243,147876,147877],{},[294,147878,147456],{"href":135348},[2226,147880,147881],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":147883},[147884,147885,147887,147888,147889,147891,147899,147905,147912,147918,147919,147931],{"id":2307,"depth":82,"text":2308},{"id":146141,"depth":82,"text":147886},"What sum() does",{"id":2459,"depth":82,"text":2460},{"id":11516,"depth":82,"text":11517},{"id":146319,"depth":82,"text":147890},"Using the start value",{"id":146421,"depth":82,"text":147892,"children":147893},"What sum() can work with",[147894,147895,147896,147898],{"id":40488,"depth":98,"text":40489},{"id":52115,"depth":98,"text":146487},{"id":146548,"depth":98,"text":147897},"Values from range()",{"id":146596,"depth":98,"text":146597},{"id":146670,"depth":82,"text":147900,"children":147901},"What sum() does not work with",[147902,147903,147904],{"id":146681,"depth":98,"text":146682},{"id":146798,"depth":98,"text":146799},{"id":146856,"depth":98,"text":146857},{"id":41568,"depth":82,"text":41569,"children":147906},[147907,147908,147909,147910],{"id":6798,"depth":98,"text":6799},{"id":146992,"depth":98,"text":146993},{"id":147140,"depth":98,"text":147141},{"id":147277,"depth":98,"text":147911},"Using sum() to join text",{"id":147459,"depth":82,"text":147913,"children":147914},"sum() vs manual loop",[147915,147917],{"id":147470,"depth":98,"text":147916},"Using sum()",{"id":147524,"depth":98,"text":147525},{"id":1585,"depth":82,"text":1586},{"id":2138,"depth":82,"text":2139,"children":147920},[147921,147923,147925,147927,147929],{"id":147789,"depth":98,"text":147922},"What does sum() return in Python?",{"id":147797,"depth":98,"text":147924},"Can sum() add strings in Python?",{"id":147812,"depth":98,"text":147926},"Can sum() work with floats?",{"id":147821,"depth":98,"text":147928},"What is the second argument in sum()?",{"id":147833,"depth":98,"text":147930},"Why does sum() give a TypeError?",{"id":2192,"depth":82,"text":2193},"Master python sum function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained",{"title":146054,"description":147932},"reference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained","pUBJSfP8YGcV7z25xWzkoWEl0bvqGBoLMBf338R4GWY",{"id":147939,"title":147940,"body":147941,"description":149343,"extension":2267,"meta":149344,"navigation":1121,"path":149345,"seo":149346,"stem":149347,"__hash__":149348},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method.md","Python Tuple count() Method",{"type":7,"value":147942,"toc":149311},[147943,147949,147955,147958,148021,148027,148032,148036,148053,148067,148071,148091,148105,148107,148200,148202,148216,148218,148221,148310,148312,148320,148329,148331,148335,148356,148358,148450,148452,148473,148475,148479,148493,148495,148569,148571,148590,148594,148597,148620,148622,148733,148740,148748,148750,148756,148759,148802,148805,148828,148836,148840,148915,148921,148946,148953,148956,148959,148963,148968,149056,149064,149068,149071,149096,149100,149161,149165,149214,149224,149226,149231,149234,149240,149243,149247,149251,149257,149260,149268,149276,149278,149308],[10,147944,147946,147947,11363],{"id":147945},"python-tuple-count-method","Python Tuple ",[18,147948,57361],{},[14,147950,147951,147954],{},[18,147952,147953],{},"tuple.count()"," tells you how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[14,147956,147957],{},"Use it when you want to count matching values in a tuple without changing the tuple itself. This is helpful when checking for duplicates, repeated labels, or whether a value appears more than once.",[46,147959,147961],{"className":48,"code":147960,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3, 2)\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[18,147962,147963,147991,148009],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,147964,147965,147967,147969,147971,147973,147975,147977,147979,147981,147983,147985,147987,147989],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,147966,1168],{"class":902},[55,147968,906],{"class":703},[55,147970,9273],{"class":65},[55,147972,93],{"class":75},[55,147974,163],{"class":65},[55,147976,166],{"class":75},[55,147978,163],{"class":65},[55,147980,166],{"class":75},[55,147982,163],{"class":65},[55,147984,171],{"class":75},[55,147986,163],{"class":65},[55,147988,166],{"class":75},[55,147990,322],{"class":65},[55,147992,147993,147995,147997,147999,148001,148003,148005,148007],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,147994,2534],{"class":902},[55,147996,906],{"class":703},[55,147998,1196],{"class":902},[55,148000,29],{"class":65},[55,148002,41324],{"class":318},[55,148004,66],{"class":65},[55,148006,707],{"class":75},[55,148008,322],{"class":65},[55,148010,148011,148013,148015,148017,148019],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,148012,62],{"class":61},[55,148014,66],{"class":65},[55,148016,2569],{"class":318},[55,148018,3953],{"class":65},[55,148020,50839],{"class":3956},[14,148022,212,148023,148026],{},[18,148024,148025],{},"tuple.count(value)"," to count how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[41,148028,3970,148030,3973],{"id":148029},"what-tuplecount-does",[18,148031,147953],{},[14,148033,148034,790],{},[18,148035,148025],{},[240,148037,148038,148044,148047,148050],{},[243,148039,148040,148041,148043],{},"Returns the number of times ",[18,148042,319],{}," appears in the tuple",[243,148045,148046],{},"Checks the whole tuple",[243,148048,148049],{},"Returns an integer",[243,148051,148052],{},"Does not change the tuple",[14,148054,148055,148056,148058,148059,25,148063,29],{},"Because tuples are read-only, methods like ",[18,148057,57361],{}," only inspect the data. If you are new to tuples, see ",[294,148060,148062],{"href":148061},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained\u002F","Python tuples explained",[294,148064,148066],{"href":148065},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple\u002F","creating a tuple",[41,148068,148070],{"id":148069},"method-syntax","Method syntax",[46,148072,148074],{"className":48,"code":148073,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_tuple.count(value)\n",[18,148075,148076],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,148077,148078,148081,148083,148085,148087,148089],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,148079,148080],{"class":902},"my_tuple",[55,148082,29],{"class":65},[55,148084,41324],{"class":318},[55,148086,66],{"class":65},[55,148088,319],{"class":318},[55,148090,322],{"class":65},[240,148092,148093,148097,148100],{},[243,148094,148095,57526],{},[18,148096,319],{},[243,148098,148099],{},"The comparison is based on equality",[243,148101,148102,148103],{},"If the value is not found, the result is ",[18,148104,76],{},[889,148106,103181],{"id":103180},[46,148108,148110],{"className":48,"code":148109,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\"))  # 0\n",[18,148111,148112,148152,148176],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,148113,148114,148116,148118,148120,148122,148124,148126,148128,148130,148132,148134,148136,148138,148140,148142,148144,148146,148148,148150],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,148115,13121],{"class":902},[55,148117,906],{"class":703},[55,148119,9273],{"class":65},[55,148121,126],{"class":109},[55,148123,13138],{"class":129},[55,148125,126],{"class":109},[55,148127,163],{"class":65},[55,148129,793],{"class":109},[55,148131,13155],{"class":129},[55,148133,126],{"class":109},[55,148135,163],{"class":65},[55,148137,793],{"class":109},[55,148139,13138],{"class":129},[55,148141,126],{"class":109},[55,148143,163],{"class":65},[55,148145,793],{"class":109},[55,148147,17505],{"class":129},[55,148149,126],{"class":109},[55,148151,322],{"class":65},[55,148153,148154,148156,148158,148160,148162,148164,148166,148168,148170,148172,148174],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,148155,62],{"class":61},[55,148157,66],{"class":65},[55,148159,17552],{"class":318},[55,148161,29],{"class":65},[55,148163,41324],{"class":318},[55,148165,66],{"class":65},[55,148167,126],{"class":109},[55,148169,13138],{"class":129},[55,148171,126],{"class":109},[55,148173,5645],{"class":65},[55,148175,57716],{"class":3956},[55,148177,148178,148180,148182,148184,148186,148188,148190,148192,148194,148196,148198],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,148179,62],{"class":61},[55,148181,66],{"class":65},[55,148183,17552],{"class":318},[55,148185,29],{"class":65},[55,148187,41324],{"class":318},[55,148189,66],{"class":65},[55,148191,126],{"class":109},[55,148193,22576],{"class":129},[55,148195,126],{"class":109},[55,148197,5645],{"class":65},[55,148199,51316],{"class":3956},[14,148201,20008],{},[240,148203,148204,148209],{},[243,148205,148206,148208],{},[18,148207,65465],{}," appears 2 times",[243,148210,148211,148213,148214],{},[18,148212,109877],{}," does not appear, so the result is ",[18,148215,76],{},[41,148217,11517],{"id":11516},[14,148219,148220],{},"Here is a basic example with repeated values:",[46,148222,148224],{"className":48,"code":148223,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\", \"apple\")\n\nresult = fruits.count(\"apple\")\nprint(result)\n",[18,148225,148226,148274,148278,148300],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,148227,148228,148230,148232,148234,148236,148238,148240,148242,148244,148246,148248,148250,148252,148254,148256,148258,148260,148262,148264,148266,148268,148270,148272],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,148229,36300],{"class":902},[55,148231,906],{"class":703},[55,148233,9273],{"class":65},[55,148235,126],{"class":109},[55,148237,4364],{"class":129},[55,148239,126],{"class":109},[55,148241,163],{"class":65},[55,148243,793],{"class":109},[55,148245,4373],{"class":129},[55,148247,126],{"class":109},[55,148249,163],{"class":65},[55,148251,793],{"class":109},[55,148253,4364],{"class":129},[55,148255,126],{"class":109},[55,148257,163],{"class":65},[55,148259,793],{"class":109},[55,148261,33278],{"class":129},[55,148263,126],{"class":109},[55,148265,163],{"class":65},[55,148267,793],{"class":109},[55,148269,4364],{"class":129},[55,148271,126],{"class":109},[55,148273,322],{"class":65},[55,148275,148276],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,148277,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,148279,148280,148282,148284,148286,148288,148290,148292,148294,148296,148298],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,148281,2534],{"class":902},[55,148283,906],{"class":703},[55,148285,52921],{"class":902},[55,148287,29],{"class":65},[55,148289,41324],{"class":318},[55,148291,66],{"class":65},[55,148293,126],{"class":109},[55,148295,4364],{"class":129},[55,148297,126],{"class":109},[55,148299,322],{"class":65},[55,148301,148302,148304,148306,148308],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,148303,62],{"class":61},[55,148305,66],{"class":65},[55,148307,2569],{"class":318},[55,148309,322],{"class":65},[14,148311,281],{},[46,148313,148314],{"className":48,"code":46684,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,148315,148316],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,148317,148318],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,148319,46684],{"class":75},[14,148321,148322,148324,148325,1265,148327,29],{},[18,148323,57904],{}," appears 3 times in the tuple, so ",[18,148326,57361],{},[18,148328,2366],{},[41,148330,38083],{"id":38082},[14,148332,57615,148333,128816],{},[18,148334,57361],{},[240,148336,148337,148342,148347,148350],{},[243,148338,11465,148339,148341],{},[18,148340,76],{}," when the value does not exist",[243,148343,11465,148344,148346],{},[18,148345,93],{}," when the value appears once",[243,148348,148349],{},"Returns a larger number when the value appears multiple times",[243,148351,148352,148353,148355],{},"The result can be used in ",[18,148354,38],{}," statements and other conditions",[14,148357,358],{},[46,148359,148361],{"className":48,"code":148360,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"answers = (\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\")\n\nif answers.count(\"yes\") > 1:\n    print(\"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\")\n",[18,148362,148363,148404,148408,148435],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,148364,148365,148368,148370,148372,148374,148376,148378,148380,148382,148384,148386,148388,148390,148392,148394,148396,148398,148400,148402],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,148366,148367],{"class":902},"answers ",[55,148369,906],{"class":703},[55,148371,9273],{"class":65},[55,148373,126],{"class":109},[55,148375,1804],{"class":129},[55,148377,126],{"class":109},[55,148379,163],{"class":65},[55,148381,793],{"class":109},[55,148383,1743],{"class":129},[55,148385,126],{"class":109},[55,148387,163],{"class":65},[55,148389,793],{"class":109},[55,148391,1804],{"class":129},[55,148393,126],{"class":109},[55,148395,163],{"class":65},[55,148397,793],{"class":109},[55,148399,1804],{"class":129},[55,148401,126],{"class":109},[55,148403,322],{"class":65},[55,148405,148406],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,148407,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,148409,148410,148412,148415,148417,148419,148421,148423,148425,148427,148429,148431,148433],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,148411,38],{"class":1193},[55,148413,148414],{"class":902}," answers",[55,148416,29],{"class":65},[55,148418,41324],{"class":318},[55,148420,66],{"class":65},[55,148422,126],{"class":109},[55,148424,1804],{"class":129},[55,148426,126],{"class":109},[55,148428,3953],{"class":65},[55,148430,38459],{"class":703},[55,148432,5782],{"class":75},[55,148434,1199],{"class":65},[55,148436,148437,148439,148441,148443,148446,148448],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,148438,1204],{"class":61},[55,148440,66],{"class":65},[55,148442,126],{"class":109},[55,148444,148445],{"class":129},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.",[55,148447,126],{"class":109},[55,148449,322],{"class":65},[14,148451,281],{},[46,148453,148455],{"className":48,"code":148454,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\n",[18,148456,148457],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,148458,148459,148462,148464,148466,148468,148471],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,148460,148461],{"class":902},"The answer ",[55,148463,1923],{"class":109},[55,148465,1804],{"class":129},[55,148467,1923],{"class":109},[55,148469,148470],{"class":902}," appears more than once",[55,148472,122460],{"class":65},[41,148474,41110],{"id":41109},[14,148476,35465,148477,104644],{},[18,148478,147953],{},[240,148480,148481,148484,148487,148490],{},[243,148482,148483],{},"Check whether a value appears in a tuple more than once",[243,148485,148486],{},"Count repeated answers or labels",[243,148488,148489],{},"Verify duplicates in small fixed collections",[243,148491,148492],{},"Make decisions based on how many matches were found",[14,148494,358],{},[46,148496,148498],{"className":48,"code":148497,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"scores = (10, 20, 10, 30, 10)\n\nif scores.count(10) >= 2:\n    print(\"The score 10 is repeated.\")\n",[18,148499,148500,148528,148532,148554],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,148501,148502,148504,148506,148508,148510,148512,148514,148516,148518,148520,148522,148524,148526],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,148503,5350],{"class":902},[55,148505,906],{"class":703},[55,148507,9273],{"class":65},[55,148509,376],{"class":75},[55,148511,163],{"class":65},[55,148513,916],{"class":75},[55,148515,163],{"class":65},[55,148517,6283],{"class":75},[55,148519,163],{"class":65},[55,148521,921],{"class":75},[55,148523,163],{"class":65},[55,148525,6283],{"class":75},[55,148527,322],{"class":65},[55,148529,148530],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,148531,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,148533,148534,148536,148538,148540,148542,148544,148546,148548,148550,148552],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,148535,38],{"class":1193},[55,148537,5397],{"class":902},[55,148539,29],{"class":65},[55,148541,41324],{"class":318},[55,148543,66],{"class":65},[55,148545,376],{"class":75},[55,148547,3953],{"class":65},[55,148549,51357],{"class":703},[55,148551,166],{"class":75},[55,148553,1199],{"class":65},[55,148555,148556,148558,148560,148562,148565,148567],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,148557,1204],{"class":61},[55,148559,66],{"class":65},[55,148561,126],{"class":109},[55,148563,148564],{"class":129},"The score 10 is repeated.",[55,148566,126],{"class":109},[55,148568,322],{"class":65},[14,148570,281],{},[46,148572,148574],{"className":48,"code":148573,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"The score 10 is repeated.\n",[18,148575,148576],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,148577,148578,148581,148583,148585,148588],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,148579,148580],{"class":902},"The score ",[55,148582,376],{"class":75},[55,148584,1232],{"class":703},[55,148586,148587],{"class":902}," repeated",[55,148589,122460],{"class":65},[41,148591,148593],{"id":148592},"things-beginners-should-know","Things beginners should know",[14,148595,148596],{},"There are a few important details to remember:",[240,148598,148599,148605,148610,148613],{},[243,148600,148601,148602,148604],{},"Tuples are immutable, but ",[18,148603,57361],{}," still works because it only reads data",[243,148606,148607,148609],{},[18,148608,57361],{}," counts exact matches",[243,148611,148612],{},"String matching is case-sensitive",[243,148614,148615,4679,148617,148619],{},[18,148616,93],{},[18,148618,42223],{}," compare as equal in Python",[14,148621,358],{},[46,148623,148625],{"className":48,"code":148624,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = (1, 1.0, \"Cat\", \"cat\")\n\nprint(values.count(1))      # 2\nprint(values.count(\"Cat\"))  # 1\nprint(values.count(\"cat\"))  # 1\n",[18,148626,148627,148661,148665,148685,148709],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,148628,148629,148631,148633,148635,148637,148639,148642,148644,148646,148649,148651,148653,148655,148657,148659],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,148630,4110],{"class":902},[55,148632,906],{"class":703},[55,148634,9273],{"class":65},[55,148636,93],{"class":75},[55,148638,163],{"class":65},[55,148640,148641],{"class":75}," 1.0",[55,148643,163],{"class":65},[55,148645,793],{"class":109},[55,148647,148648],{"class":129},"Cat",[55,148650,126],{"class":109},[55,148652,163],{"class":65},[55,148654,793],{"class":109},[55,148656,37109],{"class":129},[55,148658,126],{"class":109},[55,148660,322],{"class":65},[55,148662,148663],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,148664,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,148666,148667,148669,148671,148673,148675,148677,148679,148681,148683],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,148668,62],{"class":61},[55,148670,66],{"class":65},[55,148672,5642],{"class":318},[55,148674,29],{"class":65},[55,148676,41324],{"class":318},[55,148678,66],{"class":65},[55,148680,93],{"class":75},[55,148682,5645],{"class":65},[55,148684,51163],{"class":3956},[55,148686,148687,148689,148691,148693,148695,148697,148699,148701,148703,148705,148707],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,148688,62],{"class":61},[55,148690,66],{"class":65},[55,148692,5642],{"class":318},[55,148694,29],{"class":65},[55,148696,41324],{"class":318},[55,148698,66],{"class":65},[55,148700,126],{"class":109},[55,148702,148648],{"class":129},[55,148704,126],{"class":109},[55,148706,5645],{"class":65},[55,148708,27834],{"class":3956},[55,148710,148711,148713,148715,148717,148719,148721,148723,148725,148727,148729,148731],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,148712,62],{"class":61},[55,148714,66],{"class":65},[55,148716,5642],{"class":318},[55,148718,29],{"class":65},[55,148720,41324],{"class":318},[55,148722,66],{"class":65},[55,148724,126],{"class":109},[55,148726,37109],{"class":129},[55,148728,126],{"class":109},[55,148730,5645],{"class":65},[55,148732,27834],{"class":3956},[14,148734,5444,148735,5447,148738,2794],{},[18,148736,148737],{},"values.count(1)",[18,148739,707],{},[14,148741,1939,148742,5069,148745,148747],{},[18,148743,148744],{},"1 == 1.0",[18,148746,24],{},", so both values are counted as matches.",[41,148749,1586],{"id":1585},[889,148751,1556,148753,148755],{"id":148752},"using-count-without-parentheses",[18,148754,41324],{}," without parentheses",[14,148757,148758],{},"This gives you the method itself, not the result.",[46,148760,148762],{"className":48,"code":148761,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers.count)\n",[18,148763,148764,148788],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,148765,148766,148768,148770,148772,148774,148776,148778,148780,148782,148784,148786],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,148767,1168],{"class":902},[55,148769,906],{"class":703},[55,148771,9273],{"class":65},[55,148773,93],{"class":75},[55,148775,163],{"class":65},[55,148777,166],{"class":75},[55,148779,163],{"class":65},[55,148781,166],{"class":75},[55,148783,163],{"class":65},[55,148785,171],{"class":75},[55,148787,322],{"class":65},[55,148789,148790,148792,148794,148796,148798,148800],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,148791,62],{"class":61},[55,148793,66],{"class":65},[55,148795,332],{"class":318},[55,148797,29],{"class":65},[55,148799,41324],{"class":24803},[55,148801,322],{"class":65},[14,148803,148804],{},"To call the method correctly:",[46,148806,148808],{"className":48,"code":148807,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(numbers.count(2))\n",[18,148809,148810],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,148811,148812,148814,148816,148818,148820,148822,148824,148826],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,148813,62],{"class":61},[55,148815,66],{"class":65},[55,148817,332],{"class":318},[55,148819,29],{"class":65},[55,148821,41324],{"class":318},[55,148823,66],{"class":65},[55,148825,707],{"class":75},[55,148827,79],{"class":65},[889,148829,1595,148830,1598,148832,25,148834],{"id":58664},[18,148831,57361],{},[18,148833,24],{},[18,148835,28],{},[14,148837,148838,58675],{},[18,148839,57361],{},[46,148841,148843],{"className":48,"code":148842,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"a\")\nresult = letters.count(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 2\n",[18,148844,148845,148877,148899,148903],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,148846,148847,148849,148851,148853,148855,148857,148859,148861,148863,148865,148867,148869,148871,148873,148875],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,148848,36151],{"class":902},[55,148850,906],{"class":703},[55,148852,9273],{"class":65},[55,148854,126],{"class":109},[55,148856,294],{"class":129},[55,148858,126],{"class":109},[55,148860,163],{"class":65},[55,148862,793],{"class":109},[55,148864,5046],{"class":129},[55,148866,126],{"class":109},[55,148868,163],{"class":65},[55,148870,793],{"class":109},[55,148872,294],{"class":129},[55,148874,126],{"class":109},[55,148876,322],{"class":65},[55,148878,148879,148881,148883,148885,148887,148889,148891,148893,148895,148897],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,148880,2534],{"class":902},[55,148882,906],{"class":703},[55,148884,70169],{"class":902},[55,148886,29],{"class":65},[55,148888,41324],{"class":318},[55,148890,66],{"class":65},[55,148892,126],{"class":109},[55,148894,294],{"class":129},[55,148896,126],{"class":109},[55,148898,322],{"class":65},[55,148900,148901],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,148902,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,148904,148905,148907,148909,148911,148913],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,148906,62],{"class":61},[55,148908,66],{"class":65},[55,148910,2569],{"class":318},[55,148912,3953],{"class":65},[55,148914,51484],{"class":3956},[14,148916,148917,148918,148920],{},"If you only want to check whether a value exists, using ",[18,148919,4168],{}," is often simpler:",[46,148922,148924],{"className":48,"code":148923,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(\"a\" in letters)  # True\n",[18,148925,148926],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,148927,148928,148930,148932,148934,148936,148938,148940,148942,148944],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,148929,62],{"class":61},[55,148931,66],{"class":65},[55,148933,126],{"class":109},[55,148935,294],{"class":129},[55,148937,126],{"class":109},[55,148939,21225],{"class":1193},[55,148941,70169],{"class":318},[55,148943,3953],{"class":65},[55,148945,3957],{"class":3956},[889,148947,37266,148949,1851,148951],{"id":148948},"confusing-tuplecount-with-listcount",[18,148950,147953],{},[18,148952,57366],{},[14,148954,148955],{},"Both methods work in a similar way, but one is for tuples and one is for lists. A tuple cannot be changed, while a list can.",[14,148957,148958],{},"If you need a changeable collection, use a list instead.",[889,148960,148962],{"id":148961},"expecting-partial-string-matches","Expecting partial string matches",[14,148964,148965,148967],{},[18,148966,57361],{}," looks for exact tuple items, not part of a string.",[46,148969,148971],{"className":48,"code":148970,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = (\"apple\", \"pineapple\", \"apple\")\nprint(words.count(\"app\"))    # 0\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\n",[18,148972,148973,149006,149032],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,148974,148975,148977,148979,148981,148983,148985,148987,148989,148991,148994,148996,148998,149000,149002,149004],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,148976,4355],{"class":902},[55,148978,906],{"class":703},[55,148980,9273],{"class":65},[55,148982,126],{"class":109},[55,148984,4364],{"class":129},[55,148986,126],{"class":109},[55,148988,163],{"class":65},[55,148990,793],{"class":109},[55,148992,148993],{"class":129},"pineapple",[55,148995,126],{"class":109},[55,148997,163],{"class":65},[55,148999,793],{"class":109},[55,149001,4364],{"class":129},[55,149003,126],{"class":109},[55,149005,322],{"class":65},[55,149007,149008,149010,149012,149014,149016,149018,149020,149022,149025,149027,149029],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,149009,62],{"class":61},[55,149011,66],{"class":65},[55,149013,4399],{"class":318},[55,149015,29],{"class":65},[55,149017,41324],{"class":318},[55,149019,66],{"class":65},[55,149021,126],{"class":109},[55,149023,149024],{"class":129},"app",[55,149026,126],{"class":109},[55,149028,5645],{"class":65},[55,149030,149031],{"class":3956},"    # 0\n",[55,149033,149034,149036,149038,149040,149042,149044,149046,149048,149050,149052,149054],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,149035,62],{"class":61},[55,149037,66],{"class":65},[55,149039,4399],{"class":318},[55,149041,29],{"class":65},[55,149043,41324],{"class":318},[55,149045,66],{"class":65},[55,149047,126],{"class":109},[55,149049,4364],{"class":129},[55,149051,126],{"class":109},[55,149053,5645],{"class":65},[55,149055,51484],{"class":3956},[14,149057,149058,149061,149062,29],{},[18,149059,149060],{},"\"app\""," is not an exact item in the tuple, so the result is ",[18,149063,76],{},[41,149065,149067],{"id":149066},"when-to-use-something-else","When to use something else",[14,149069,149070],{},"Sometimes another tool is a better fit:",[240,149072,149073,149078,149087,149093],{},[243,149074,212,149075,149077],{},[18,149076,4168],{}," to check only whether a value exists",[243,149079,212,149080,149086],{},[294,149081,149083,149084],{"href":149082},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method\u002F","tuple ",[18,149085,59039],{}," to find the position of a value",[243,149088,212,149089,149092],{},[18,149090,149091],{},"collections.Counter"," when you want to count many different values",[243,149094,149095],{},"Use a list if you need a changeable collection",[14,149097,46107,149098,790],{},[18,149099,4168],{},[46,149101,149103],{"className":48,"code":149102,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = (4, 7, 9)\n\nprint(7 in numbers)   # True\nprint(5 in numbers)   # False\n",[18,149104,149105,149125,149129,149145],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,149106,149107,149109,149111,149113,149115,149117,149119,149121,149123],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,149108,1168],{"class":902},[55,149110,906],{"class":703},[55,149112,9273],{"class":65},[55,149114,2807],{"class":75},[55,149116,163],{"class":65},[55,149118,6272],{"class":75},[55,149120,163],{"class":65},[55,149122,54206],{"class":75},[55,149124,322],{"class":65},[55,149126,149127],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,149128,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,149130,149131,149133,149135,149137,149139,149141,149143],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,149132,62],{"class":61},[55,149134,66],{"class":65},[55,149136,2329],{"class":75},[55,149138,21225],{"class":1193},[55,149140,1196],{"class":318},[55,149142,3953],{"class":65},[55,149144,43921],{"class":3956},[55,149146,149147,149149,149151,149153,149155,149157,149159],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,149148,62],{"class":61},[55,149150,66],{"class":65},[55,149152,688],{"class":75},[55,149154,21225],{"class":1193},[55,149156,1196],{"class":318},[55,149158,3953],{"class":65},[55,149160,43938],{"class":3956},[14,149162,46107,149163,790],{},[18,149164,59039],{},[46,149166,149168],{"className":48,"code":149167,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = (4, 7, 9, 7)\nprint(numbers.index(7))  # 1\n",[18,149169,149170,149194],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,149171,149172,149174,149176,149178,149180,149182,149184,149186,149188,149190,149192],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,149173,1168],{"class":902},[55,149175,906],{"class":703},[55,149177,9273],{"class":65},[55,149179,2807],{"class":75},[55,149181,163],{"class":65},[55,149183,6272],{"class":75},[55,149185,163],{"class":65},[55,149187,54206],{"class":75},[55,149189,163],{"class":65},[55,149191,6272],{"class":75},[55,149193,322],{"class":65},[55,149195,149196,149198,149200,149202,149204,149206,149208,149210,149212],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,149197,62],{"class":61},[55,149199,66],{"class":65},[55,149201,332],{"class":318},[55,149203,29],{"class":65},[55,149205,35906],{"class":318},[55,149207,66],{"class":65},[55,149209,2329],{"class":75},[55,149211,5645],{"class":65},[55,149213,27834],{"class":3956},[14,149215,149216,149218,149219,149221,149223],{},[18,149217,57361],{}," tells you how many times a value appears.",[9884,149220],{},[18,149222,59039],{}," tells you where the first match appears.",[41,149225,2139],{"id":2138},[889,149227,5429,149229,5432],{"id":149228},"what-does-tuplecount-return-in-python",[18,149230,147953],{},[14,149232,149233],{},"It returns an integer showing how many times the given value appears in the tuple.",[889,149235,12748,149237,149239],{"id":149236},"does-tuplecount-change-the-tuple",[18,149238,147953],{}," change the tuple?",[14,149241,149242],{},"No. It only reads the tuple and returns a count.",[889,149244,149246],{"id":149245},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-tuple","What happens if the value is not in the tuple?",[14,149248,11954,149249,29],{},[18,149250,76],{},[889,149252,5456,149254,149256],{"id":149253},"can-tuplecount-count-strings",[18,149255,147953],{}," count strings?",[14,149258,149259],{},"Yes. It can count strings, numbers, booleans, and other values stored in the tuple.",[889,149261,5466,149263,4679,149265,2794],{"id":149262},"what-is-the-difference-between-tuplecount-and-tupleindex",[18,149264,147953],{},[18,149266,149267],{},"tuple.index()",[14,149269,149270,149272,149273,149275],{},[18,149271,57361],{}," returns how many times a value appears. ",[18,149274,59039],{}," returns the position of the first match.",[41,149277,2193],{"id":2192},[240,149279,149280,149284,149289,149296,149304],{},[243,149281,149282],{},[294,149283,148062],{"href":148061},[243,149285,149286],{},[294,149287,149288],{"href":148065},"Python tuple creating a tuple",[243,149290,149291],{},[294,149292,149293,149294,10780],{"href":149082},"Python tuple ",[18,149295,59039],{},[243,149297,149298],{},[294,149299,149301,149302],{"href":149300},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len\u002F","Python tuple length with ",[18,149303,42426],{},[243,149305,149306],{},[294,149307,59027],{"href":59026},[2226,149309,149310],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":149312},[149313,149315,149318,149319,149320,149321,149322,149330,149331,149342],{"id":148029,"depth":82,"text":149314},"What tuple.count() does",{"id":148069,"depth":82,"text":148070,"children":149316},[149317],{"id":103180,"depth":98,"text":103181},{"id":11516,"depth":82,"text":11517},{"id":38082,"depth":82,"text":38083},{"id":41109,"depth":82,"text":41110},{"id":148592,"depth":82,"text":148593},{"id":1585,"depth":82,"text":1586,"children":149323},[149324,149326,149327,149329],{"id":148752,"depth":98,"text":149325},"Using count without parentheses",{"id":58664,"depth":98,"text":59080},{"id":148948,"depth":98,"text":149328},"Confusing tuple.count() with list.count()",{"id":148961,"depth":98,"text":148962},{"id":149066,"depth":82,"text":149067},{"id":2138,"depth":82,"text":2139,"children":149332},[149333,149335,149337,149338,149340],{"id":149228,"depth":98,"text":149334},"What does tuple.count() return in Python?",{"id":149236,"depth":98,"text":149336},"Does tuple.count() change the tuple?",{"id":149245,"depth":98,"text":149246},{"id":149253,"depth":98,"text":149339},"Can tuple.count() count strings?",{"id":149262,"depth":98,"text":149341},"What is the difference between tuple.count() and tuple.index()?",{"id":2192,"depth":82,"text":2193},"Master python tuple count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method",{"title":147940,"description":149343},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method","kaAqrDbPTszVe1OqbZgoePawtZs2amhp3rmhBeJurOY",{"id":149350,"title":149351,"body":149352,"description":151039,"extension":2267,"meta":151040,"navigation":1121,"path":151041,"seo":151042,"stem":151043,"__hash__":151044},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple.md","Python Tuple: Creating a Tuple",{"type":7,"value":149353,"toc":151002},[149354,149357,149360,149369,149371,149501,149503,149564,149570,149572,149592,149596,149599,149602,149637,149639,149660,149663,149702,149704,149729,149736,149740,149743,149780,149782,149805,149808,149811,149823,149829,149833,149836,149842,149883,149885,149908,149911,149952,149954,149981,149983,150000,150002,150019,150022,150026,150029,150031,150065,150067,150114,150118,150157,150161,150164,150221,150223,150264,150270,150276,150281,150283,150320,150322,150342,150344,150377,150379,150412,150415,150419,150452,150454,150479,150482,150484,150498,150505,150507,150510,150514,150517,150552,150555,150590,150594,150597,150636,150639,150678,150682,150684,150714,150717,150724,150726,150758,150761,150793,150796,150827,150829,150846,150850,150853,150917,150919,150923,150930,150934,150937,150941,150944,150948,150951,150956,150962,150964,150999],[10,149355,149351],{"id":149356},"python-tuple-creating-a-tuple",[14,149358,149359],{},"A tuple is a simple way to store multiple values in one object. This page shows how to create tuples in Python, including empty tuples, one-item tuples, and tuples made from other iterable values.",[14,149361,149362,149363,25,149367,29],{},"The focus here is only on tuple creation syntax. If you want a general introduction, see ",[294,149364,149366],{"href":149365},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python\u002F","what is a tuple in Python",[294,149368,148062],{"href":148061},[41,149370,2308],{"id":2307},[46,149372,149374],{"className":48,"code":149373,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nempty = ()\none_item = (5,)\nfrom_list = tuple([\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"])\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(empty)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(from_list)\n",[18,149375,149376,149396,149405,149419,149455,149459,149469,149479,149490],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,149377,149378,149380,149382,149384,149386,149388,149390,149392,149394],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,149379,1168],{"class":902},[55,149381,906],{"class":703},[55,149383,9273],{"class":65},[55,149385,93],{"class":75},[55,149387,163],{"class":65},[55,149389,166],{"class":75},[55,149391,163],{"class":65},[55,149393,171],{"class":75},[55,149395,322],{"class":65},[55,149397,149398,149400,149402],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,149399,124926],{"class":902},[55,149401,906],{"class":703},[55,149403,149404],{"class":65}," ()\n",[55,149406,149407,149410,149412,149414,149416],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,149408,149409],{"class":902},"one_item ",[55,149411,906],{"class":703},[55,149413,9273],{"class":65},[55,149415,688],{"class":75},[55,149417,149418],{"class":65},",)\n",[55,149420,149421,149424,149426,149429,149431,149433,149435,149437,149439,149441,149443,149445,149447,149449,149451,149453],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,149422,149423],{"class":902},"from_list ",[55,149425,906],{"class":703},[55,149427,149428],{"class":69}," tuple",[55,149430,158],{"class":65},[55,149432,126],{"class":109},[55,149434,294],{"class":129},[55,149436,126],{"class":109},[55,149438,163],{"class":65},[55,149440,793],{"class":109},[55,149442,5046],{"class":129},[55,149444,126],{"class":109},[55,149446,163],{"class":65},[55,149448,793],{"class":109},[55,149450,9777],{"class":129},[55,149452,126],{"class":109},[55,149454,4174],{"class":65},[55,149456,149457],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,149458,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,149460,149461,149463,149465,149467],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,149462,62],{"class":61},[55,149464,66],{"class":65},[55,149466,332],{"class":318},[55,149468,322],{"class":65},[55,149470,149471,149473,149475,149477],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,149472,62],{"class":61},[55,149474,66],{"class":65},[55,149476,124977],{"class":318},[55,149478,322],{"class":65},[55,149480,149481,149483,149485,149488],{"class":57,"line":582},[55,149482,62],{"class":61},[55,149484,66],{"class":65},[55,149486,149487],{"class":318},"one_item",[55,149489,322],{"class":65},[55,149491,149492,149494,149496,149499],{"class":57,"line":6706},[55,149493,62],{"class":61},[55,149495,66],{"class":65},[55,149497,149498],{"class":318},"from_list",[55,149500,322],{"class":65},[14,149502,281],{},[46,149504,149506],{"className":48,"code":149505,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"(1, 2, 3)\n()\n(5,)\n('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[18,149507,149508,149524,149528,149536],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,149509,149510,149512,149514,149516,149518,149520,149522],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,149511,66],{"class":65},[55,149513,93],{"class":75},[55,149515,163],{"class":65},[55,149517,166],{"class":75},[55,149519,163],{"class":65},[55,149521,171],{"class":75},[55,149523,322],{"class":65},[55,149525,149526],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,149527,1789],{"class":65},[55,149529,149530,149532,149534],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,149531,66],{"class":65},[55,149533,688],{"class":75},[55,149535,149418],{"class":65},[55,149537,149538,149540,149542,149544,149546,149548,149550,149552,149554,149556,149558,149560,149562],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,149539,66],{"class":65},[55,149541,1923],{"class":109},[55,149543,294],{"class":129},[55,149545,1923],{"class":109},[55,149547,163],{"class":65},[55,149549,1918],{"class":109},[55,149551,5046],{"class":129},[55,149553,1923],{"class":109},[55,149555,163],{"class":65},[55,149557,1918],{"class":109},[55,149559,9777],{"class":129},[55,149561,1923],{"class":109},[55,149563,322],{"class":65},[14,149565,149566,149567,29],{},"Use parentheses for most tuples. For one item, add a trailing comma: ",[18,149568,149569],{},"(5,)",[41,149571,15210],{"id":15209},[240,149573,149574,149577,149580,149583,149586,149589],{},[243,149575,149576],{},"What a tuple is at a basic level",[243,149578,149579],{},"How to create tuples with literal syntax",[243,149581,149582],{},"How to create an empty tuple",[243,149584,149585],{},"How to create a tuple with one item",[243,149587,149588],{},"How to create a tuple from a list, string, or other iterable",[243,149590,149591],{},"When tuple creation is useful",[41,149593,149595],{"id":149594},"basic-tuple-creation","Basic tuple creation",[14,149597,149598],{},"A tuple is an ordered collection of values.",[14,149600,149601],{},"Tuples are usually written with parentheses, and items are separated by commas.",[46,149603,149605],{"className":48,"code":149604,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,149606,149607,149627],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,149608,149609,149611,149613,149615,149617,149619,149621,149623,149625],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,149610,1168],{"class":902},[55,149612,906],{"class":703},[55,149614,9273],{"class":65},[55,149616,93],{"class":75},[55,149618,163],{"class":65},[55,149620,166],{"class":75},[55,149622,163],{"class":65},[55,149624,171],{"class":75},[55,149626,322],{"class":65},[55,149628,149629,149631,149633,149635],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,149630,62],{"class":61},[55,149632,66],{"class":65},[55,149634,332],{"class":318},[55,149636,322],{"class":65},[14,149638,281],{},[46,149640,149642],{"className":48,"code":149641,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"(1, 2, 3)\n",[18,149643,149644],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,149645,149646,149648,149650,149652,149654,149656,149658],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,149647,66],{"class":65},[55,149649,93],{"class":75},[55,149651,163],{"class":65},[55,149653,166],{"class":75},[55,149655,163],{"class":65},[55,149657,171],{"class":75},[55,149659,322],{"class":65},[14,149661,149662],{},"A tuple can also store different data types:",[46,149664,149666],{"className":48,"code":149665,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(data)\n",[18,149667,149668,149692],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,149669,149670,149672,149674,149676,149678,149680,149682,149684,149686,149688,149690],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,149671,9202],{"class":902},[55,149673,906],{"class":703},[55,149675,9273],{"class":65},[55,149677,93],{"class":75},[55,149679,163],{"class":65},[55,149681,793],{"class":109},[55,149683,4364],{"class":129},[55,149685,126],{"class":109},[55,149687,163],{"class":65},[55,149689,4202],{"class":187},[55,149691,322],{"class":65},[55,149693,149694,149696,149698,149700],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,149695,62],{"class":61},[55,149697,66],{"class":65},[55,149699,9241],{"class":318},[55,149701,322],{"class":65},[14,149703,281],{},[46,149705,149707],{"className":48,"code":149706,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"(1, 'apple', True)\n",[18,149708,149709],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,149710,149711,149713,149715,149717,149719,149721,149723,149725,149727],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,149712,66],{"class":65},[55,149714,93],{"class":75},[55,149716,163],{"class":65},[55,149718,1918],{"class":109},[55,149720,4364],{"class":129},[55,149722,1923],{"class":109},[55,149724,163],{"class":65},[55,149726,4202],{"class":187},[55,149728,322],{"class":65},[14,149730,149731,149732,29],{},"If you later want to get values out of a tuple by position, see ",[294,149733,149735],{"href":149734},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained\u002F","Python tuple indexing explained",[41,149737,149739],{"id":149738},"create-an-empty-tuple","Create an empty tuple",[14,149741,149742],{},"Use empty parentheses to create an empty tuple:",[46,149744,149746],{"className":48,"code":149745,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"empty = ()\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[18,149747,149748,149756,149766],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,149749,149750,149752,149754],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,149751,124926],{"class":902},[55,149753,906],{"class":703},[55,149755,149404],{"class":65},[55,149757,149758,149760,149762,149764],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,149759,62],{"class":61},[55,149761,66],{"class":65},[55,149763,124977],{"class":318},[55,149765,322],{"class":65},[55,149767,149768,149770,149772,149774,149776,149778],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,149769,62],{"class":61},[55,149771,66],{"class":65},[55,149773,1879],{"class":69},[55,149775,66],{"class":65},[55,149777,124977],{"class":318},[55,149779,79],{"class":65},[14,149781,281],{},[46,149783,149785],{"className":48,"code":149784,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"()\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[18,149786,149787,149791],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,149788,149789],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,149790,1789],{"class":65},[55,149792,149793,149795,149797,149799,149801,149803],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,149794,1911],{"class":703},[55,149796,1915],{"class":1914},[55,149798,1918],{"class":109},[55,149800,49021],{"class":129},[55,149802,1923],{"class":109},[55,149804,1926],{"class":703},[14,149806,149807],{},"An empty tuple can be useful as a starting value.",[14,149809,149810],{},"It is different from an empty list:",[240,149812,149813,149818],{},[243,149814,149815,149816],{},"Empty tuple: ",[18,149817,466],{},[243,149819,149820,149821],{},"Empty list: ",[18,149822,461],{},[14,149824,149825,149826,29],{},"If you want to compare tuple and list creation, see ",[294,149827,149828],{"href":57224},"Python list: creating a list",[41,149830,149832],{"id":149831},"create-a-tuple-with-one-item","Create a tuple with one item",[14,149834,149835],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake.",[14,149837,149838,149839,149841],{},"A single value inside parentheses is ",[435,149840,4916],{}," automatically a tuple:",[46,149843,149845],{"className":48,"code":149844,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = (5)\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n",[18,149846,149847,149859,149869],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,149848,149849,149851,149853,149855,149857],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,149850,1654],{"class":902},[55,149852,906],{"class":703},[55,149854,9273],{"class":65},[55,149856,688],{"class":75},[55,149858,322],{"class":65},[55,149860,149861,149863,149865,149867],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,149862,62],{"class":61},[55,149864,66],{"class":65},[55,149866,319],{"class":318},[55,149868,322],{"class":65},[55,149870,149871,149873,149875,149877,149879,149881],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,149872,62],{"class":61},[55,149874,66],{"class":65},[55,149876,1879],{"class":69},[55,149878,66],{"class":65},[55,149880,319],{"class":318},[55,149882,79],{"class":65},[14,149884,281],{},[46,149886,149888],{"className":48,"code":149887,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"5\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[18,149889,149890,149894],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,149891,149892],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,149893,3248],{"class":75},[55,149895,149896,149898,149900,149902,149904,149906],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,149897,1911],{"class":703},[55,149899,1915],{"class":1914},[55,149901,1918],{"class":109},[55,149903,2492],{"class":129},[55,149905,1923],{"class":109},[55,149907,1926],{"class":703},[14,149909,149910],{},"To create a tuple with one item, you must add a trailing comma:",[46,149912,149914],{"className":48,"code":149913,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"one_item = (5,)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(type(one_item))\n",[18,149915,149916,149928,149938],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,149917,149918,149920,149922,149924,149926],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,149919,149409],{"class":902},[55,149921,906],{"class":703},[55,149923,9273],{"class":65},[55,149925,688],{"class":75},[55,149927,149418],{"class":65},[55,149929,149930,149932,149934,149936],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,149931,62],{"class":61},[55,149933,66],{"class":65},[55,149935,149487],{"class":318},[55,149937,322],{"class":65},[55,149939,149940,149942,149944,149946,149948,149950],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,149941,62],{"class":61},[55,149943,66],{"class":65},[55,149945,1879],{"class":69},[55,149947,66],{"class":65},[55,149949,149487],{"class":318},[55,149951,79],{"class":65},[14,149953,281],{},[46,149955,149957],{"className":48,"code":149956,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"(5,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[18,149958,149959,149967],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,149960,149961,149963,149965],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,149962,66],{"class":65},[55,149964,688],{"class":75},[55,149966,149418],{"class":65},[55,149968,149969,149971,149973,149975,149977,149979],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,149970,1911],{"class":703},[55,149972,1915],{"class":1914},[55,149974,1918],{"class":109},[55,149976,49021],{"class":129},[55,149978,1923],{"class":109},[55,149980,1926],{"class":703},[14,149982,16704],{},[46,149984,149986],{"className":48,"code":149985,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"(\"apple\",)\n",[18,149987,149988],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,149989,149990,149992,149994,149996,149998],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,149991,66],{"class":65},[55,149993,126],{"class":109},[55,149995,4364],{"class":129},[55,149997,126],{"class":109},[55,149999,149418],{"class":65},[14,150001,16692],{},[46,150003,150005],{"className":48,"code":150004,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"(\"apple\")\n",[18,150006,150007],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,150008,150009,150011,150013,150015,150017],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,150010,66],{"class":65},[55,150012,126],{"class":109},[55,150014,4364],{"class":129},[55,150016,126],{"class":109},[55,150018,322],{"class":65},[14,150020,150021],{},"The comma is what makes it a tuple.",[41,150023,150025],{"id":150024},"create-tuples-with-different-value-types","Create tuples with different value types",[14,150027,150028],{},"A tuple can contain many kinds of values.",[889,150030,56532],{"id":332},[46,150032,150033],{"className":48,"code":149604,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,150034,150035,150055],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,150036,150037,150039,150041,150043,150045,150047,150049,150051,150053],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,150038,1168],{"class":902},[55,150040,906],{"class":703},[55,150042,9273],{"class":65},[55,150044,93],{"class":75},[55,150046,163],{"class":65},[55,150048,166],{"class":75},[55,150050,163],{"class":65},[55,150052,171],{"class":75},[55,150054,322],{"class":65},[55,150056,150057,150059,150061,150063],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,150058,62],{"class":61},[55,150060,66],{"class":65},[55,150062,332],{"class":318},[55,150064,322],{"class":65},[889,150066,56535],{"id":335},[46,150068,150070],{"className":48,"code":150069,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[18,150071,150072,150104],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,150073,150074,150076,150078,150080,150082,150084,150086,150088,150090,150092,150094,150096,150098,150100,150102],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,150075,13121],{"class":902},[55,150077,906],{"class":703},[55,150079,9273],{"class":65},[55,150081,126],{"class":109},[55,150083,13138],{"class":129},[55,150085,126],{"class":109},[55,150087,163],{"class":65},[55,150089,793],{"class":109},[55,150091,17505],{"class":129},[55,150093,126],{"class":109},[55,150095,163],{"class":65},[55,150097,793],{"class":109},[55,150099,13155],{"class":129},[55,150101,126],{"class":109},[55,150103,322],{"class":65},[55,150105,150106,150108,150110,150112],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,150107,62],{"class":61},[55,150109,66],{"class":65},[55,150111,17552],{"class":318},[55,150113,322],{"class":65},[889,150115,150117],{"id":150116},"mixed-values","Mixed values",[46,150119,150121],{"className":48,"code":150120,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"mixed = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(mixed)\n",[18,150122,150123,150147],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,150124,150125,150127,150129,150131,150133,150135,150137,150139,150141,150143,150145],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,150126,59544],{"class":902},[55,150128,906],{"class":703},[55,150130,9273],{"class":65},[55,150132,93],{"class":75},[55,150134,163],{"class":65},[55,150136,793],{"class":109},[55,150138,4364],{"class":129},[55,150140,126],{"class":109},[55,150142,163],{"class":65},[55,150144,4202],{"class":187},[55,150146,322],{"class":65},[55,150148,150149,150151,150153,150155],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,150150,62],{"class":61},[55,150152,66],{"class":65},[55,150154,59597],{"class":318},[55,150156,322],{"class":65},[889,150158,150160],{"id":150159},"nested-values","Nested values",[14,150162,150163],{},"You can also put other collections inside a tuple:",[46,150165,150167],{"className":48,"code":150166,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"nested = (1, (\"a\", \"b\"), [10, 20])\nprint(nested)\n",[18,150168,150169,150210],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,150170,150171,150174,150176,150178,150180,150182,150184,150186,150188,150190,150192,150194,150196,150198,150200,150202,150204,150206,150208],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,150172,150173],{"class":902},"nested ",[55,150175,906],{"class":703},[55,150177,9273],{"class":65},[55,150179,93],{"class":75},[55,150181,163],{"class":65},[55,150183,9273],{"class":65},[55,150185,126],{"class":109},[55,150187,294],{"class":129},[55,150189,126],{"class":109},[55,150191,163],{"class":65},[55,150193,793],{"class":109},[55,150195,5046],{"class":129},[55,150197,126],{"class":109},[55,150199,9270],{"class":65},[55,150201,909],{"class":65},[55,150203,376],{"class":75},[55,150205,163],{"class":65},[55,150207,916],{"class":75},[55,150209,4174],{"class":65},[55,150211,150212,150214,150216,150219],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,150213,62],{"class":61},[55,150215,66],{"class":65},[55,150217,150218],{"class":318},"nested",[55,150220,322],{"class":65},[14,150222,281],{},[46,150224,150226],{"className":48,"code":150225,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"(1, ('a', 'b'), [10, 20])\n",[18,150227,150228],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,150229,150230,150232,150234,150236,150238,150240,150242,150244,150246,150248,150250,150252,150254,150256,150258,150260,150262],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,150231,66],{"class":65},[55,150233,93],{"class":75},[55,150235,163],{"class":65},[55,150237,9273],{"class":65},[55,150239,1923],{"class":109},[55,150241,294],{"class":129},[55,150243,1923],{"class":109},[55,150245,163],{"class":65},[55,150247,1918],{"class":109},[55,150249,5046],{"class":129},[55,150251,1923],{"class":109},[55,150253,9270],{"class":65},[55,150255,909],{"class":65},[55,150257,376],{"class":75},[55,150259,163],{"class":65},[55,150261,916],{"class":75},[55,150263,4174],{"class":65},[41,150265,150267,150268],{"id":150266},"create-a-tuple-with-tuple","Create a tuple with ",[18,150269,38109],{},[14,150271,150272,150273,150275],{},"You can use the built-in ",[18,150274,38109],{}," function to convert another iterable into a tuple.",[14,150277,150278,150279,29],{},"If you want more detail about this function, see ",[294,150280,63290],{"href":63289},[889,150282,105321],{"id":105320},[46,150284,150286],{"className":48,"code":150285,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = tuple([1, 2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,150287,150288,150310],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,150289,150290,150292,150294,150296,150298,150300,150302,150304,150306,150308],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,150291,1168],{"class":902},[55,150293,906],{"class":703},[55,150295,149428],{"class":69},[55,150297,158],{"class":65},[55,150299,93],{"class":75},[55,150301,163],{"class":65},[55,150303,166],{"class":75},[55,150305,163],{"class":65},[55,150307,171],{"class":75},[55,150309,4174],{"class":65},[55,150311,150312,150314,150316,150318],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,150313,62],{"class":61},[55,150315,66],{"class":65},[55,150317,332],{"class":318},[55,150319,322],{"class":65},[14,150321,281],{},[46,150323,150324],{"className":48,"code":149641,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,150325,150326],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,150327,150328,150330,150332,150334,150336,150338,150340],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,150329,66],{"class":65},[55,150331,93],{"class":75},[55,150333,163],{"class":65},[55,150335,166],{"class":75},[55,150337,163],{"class":65},[55,150339,171],{"class":75},[55,150341,322],{"class":65},[889,150343,105507],{"id":105506},[46,150345,150347],{"className":48,"code":150346,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = tuple(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[18,150348,150349,150367],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,150350,150351,150353,150355,150357,150359,150361,150363,150365],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,150352,36151],{"class":902},[55,150354,906],{"class":703},[55,150356,149428],{"class":69},[55,150358,66],{"class":65},[55,150360,126],{"class":109},[55,150362,41625],{"class":129},[55,150364,126],{"class":109},[55,150366,322],{"class":65},[55,150368,150369,150371,150373,150375],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,150370,62],{"class":61},[55,150372,66],{"class":65},[55,150374,36204],{"class":318},[55,150376,322],{"class":65},[14,150378,281],{},[46,150380,150382],{"className":48,"code":150381,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[18,150383,150384],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,150385,150386,150388,150390,150392,150394,150396,150398,150400,150402,150404,150406,150408,150410],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,150387,66],{"class":65},[55,150389,1923],{"class":109},[55,150391,294],{"class":129},[55,150393,1923],{"class":109},[55,150395,163],{"class":65},[55,150397,1918],{"class":109},[55,150399,5046],{"class":129},[55,150401,1923],{"class":109},[55,150403,163],{"class":65},[55,150405,1918],{"class":109},[55,150407,9777],{"class":129},[55,150409,1923],{"class":109},[55,150411,322],{"class":65},[14,150413,150414],{},"This works because a string is iterable, so Python goes through it one character at a time.",[889,150416,150418],{"id":150417},"from-another-iterable","From another iterable",[46,150420,150422],{"className":48,"code":150421,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = tuple(range(4))\nprint(values)\n",[18,150423,150424,150442],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,150425,150426,150428,150430,150432,150434,150436,150438,150440],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,150427,4110],{"class":902},[55,150429,906],{"class":703},[55,150431,149428],{"class":69},[55,150433,66],{"class":65},[55,150435,60070],{"class":61},[55,150437,66],{"class":65},[55,150439,2807],{"class":75},[55,150441,79],{"class":65},[55,150443,150444,150446,150448,150450],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,150445,62],{"class":61},[55,150447,66],{"class":65},[55,150449,5642],{"class":318},[55,150451,322],{"class":65},[14,150453,281],{},[46,150455,150457],{"className":48,"code":150456,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"(0, 1, 2, 3)\n",[18,150458,150459],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,150460,150461,150463,150465,150467,150469,150471,150473,150475,150477],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,150462,66],{"class":65},[55,150464,76],{"class":75},[55,150466,163],{"class":65},[55,150468,5782],{"class":75},[55,150470,163],{"class":65},[55,150472,166],{"class":75},[55,150474,163],{"class":65},[55,150476,171],{"class":75},[55,150478,322],{"class":65},[14,150480,150481],{},"This is useful when your data already exists in another form and you want a tuple version of it.",[41,150483,20852],{"id":20851},[240,150485,150486,150489,150492,150495],{},[243,150487,150488],{},"Commas create tuple items.",[243,150490,150491],{},"Parentheses help readability, but the commas matter most.",[243,150493,150494],{},"Tuples cannot be changed after creation.",[243,150496,150497],{},"If you need to change items often, use a list instead.",[14,150499,150500,150501,29],{},"For a bigger comparison, see ",[294,150502,150504],{"href":150503},"\u002Flearn\u002Fwhen-to-use-lists-vs-tuples-vs-sets-vs-dictionaries\u002F","when to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[41,150506,1586],{"id":1585},[14,150508,150509],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating tuples.",[889,150511,150513],{"id":150512},"forgetting-the-comma-in-a-one-item-tuple","Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple",[14,150515,150516],{},"This creates a normal value, not a tuple:",[46,150518,150520],{"className":48,"code":150519,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"item = (\"apple\")\nprint(type(item))\n",[18,150521,150522,150538],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,150523,150524,150526,150528,150530,150532,150534,150536],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,150525,28593],{"class":902},[55,150527,906],{"class":703},[55,150529,9273],{"class":65},[55,150531,126],{"class":109},[55,150533,4364],{"class":129},[55,150535,126],{"class":109},[55,150537,322],{"class":65},[55,150539,150540,150542,150544,150546,150548,150550],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,150541,62],{"class":61},[55,150543,66],{"class":65},[55,150545,1879],{"class":69},[55,150547,66],{"class":65},[55,150549,23363],{"class":318},[55,150551,79],{"class":65},[14,150553,150554],{},"To fix it, add a comma:",[46,150556,150558],{"className":48,"code":150557,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"item = (\"apple\",)\nprint(type(item))\n",[18,150559,150560,150576],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,150561,150562,150564,150566,150568,150570,150572,150574],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,150563,28593],{"class":902},[55,150565,906],{"class":703},[55,150567,9273],{"class":65},[55,150569,126],{"class":109},[55,150571,4364],{"class":129},[55,150573,126],{"class":109},[55,150575,149418],{"class":65},[55,150577,150578,150580,150582,150584,150586,150588],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,150579,62],{"class":61},[55,150581,66],{"class":65},[55,150583,1879],{"class":69},[55,150585,66],{"class":65},[55,150587,23363],{"class":318},[55,150589,79],{"class":65},[889,150591,150593],{"id":150592},"using-square-brackets-by-mistake","Using square brackets by mistake",[14,150595,150596],{},"This creates a list, not a tuple:",[46,150598,150600],{"className":48,"code":150599,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(values))\n",[18,150601,150602,150622],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,150603,150604,150606,150608,150610,150612,150614,150616,150618,150620],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,150605,4110],{"class":902},[55,150607,906],{"class":703},[55,150609,909],{"class":65},[55,150611,93],{"class":75},[55,150613,163],{"class":65},[55,150615,166],{"class":75},[55,150617,163],{"class":65},[55,150619,171],{"class":75},[55,150621,924],{"class":65},[55,150623,150624,150626,150628,150630,150632,150634],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,150625,62],{"class":61},[55,150627,66],{"class":65},[55,150629,1879],{"class":69},[55,150631,66],{"class":65},[55,150633,5642],{"class":318},[55,150635,79],{"class":65},[14,150637,150638],{},"If you want a tuple, use parentheses:",[46,150640,150642],{"className":48,"code":150641,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(type(values))\n",[18,150643,150644,150664],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,150645,150646,150648,150650,150652,150654,150656,150658,150660,150662],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,150647,4110],{"class":902},[55,150649,906],{"class":703},[55,150651,9273],{"class":65},[55,150653,93],{"class":75},[55,150655,163],{"class":65},[55,150657,166],{"class":75},[55,150659,163],{"class":65},[55,150661,171],{"class":75},[55,150663,322],{"class":65},[55,150665,150666,150668,150670,150672,150674,150676],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,150667,62],{"class":61},[55,150669,66],{"class":65},[55,150671,1879],{"class":69},[55,150673,66],{"class":65},[55,150675,5642],{"class":318},[55,150677,79],{"class":65},[889,150679,150681],{"id":150680},"expecting-tuple-items-to-be-changeable","Expecting tuple items to be changeable",[14,150683,150494],{},[46,150685,150687],{"className":48,"code":150686,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\n# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[18,150688,150689,150709],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,150690,150691,150693,150695,150697,150699,150701,150703,150705,150707],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,150692,1168],{"class":902},[55,150694,906],{"class":703},[55,150696,9273],{"class":65},[55,150698,93],{"class":75},[55,150700,163],{"class":65},[55,150702,166],{"class":75},[55,150704,163],{"class":65},[55,150706,171],{"class":75},[55,150708,322],{"class":65},[55,150710,150711],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,150712,150713],{"class":3956},"# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[14,150715,150716],{},"If you need to update items, use a list instead.",[889,150718,37266,150720,150723],{"id":150719},"confusing-tupleabc-with-one-string-inside-a-tuple",[18,150721,150722],{},"tuple(\"abc\")"," with one string inside a tuple",[14,150725,64716],{},[46,150727,150728],{"className":48,"code":150346,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,150729,150730,150748],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,150731,150732,150734,150736,150738,150740,150742,150744,150746],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,150733,36151],{"class":902},[55,150735,906],{"class":703},[55,150737,149428],{"class":69},[55,150739,66],{"class":65},[55,150741,126],{"class":109},[55,150743,41625],{"class":129},[55,150745,126],{"class":109},[55,150747,322],{"class":65},[55,150749,150750,150752,150754,150756],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,150751,62],{"class":61},[55,150753,66],{"class":65},[55,150755,36204],{"class":318},[55,150757,322],{"class":65},[14,150759,150760],{},"gives:",[46,150762,150763],{"className":48,"code":150381,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,150764,150765],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,150766,150767,150769,150771,150773,150775,150777,150779,150781,150783,150785,150787,150789,150791],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,150768,66],{"class":65},[55,150770,1923],{"class":109},[55,150772,294],{"class":129},[55,150774,1923],{"class":109},[55,150776,163],{"class":65},[55,150778,1918],{"class":109},[55,150780,5046],{"class":129},[55,150782,1923],{"class":109},[55,150784,163],{"class":65},[55,150786,1918],{"class":109},[55,150788,9777],{"class":129},[55,150790,1923],{"class":109},[55,150792,322],{"class":65},[14,150794,150795],{},"If you want one string as a single tuple item, write:",[46,150797,150799],{"className":48,"code":150798,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"word = (\"abc\",)\nprint(word)\n",[18,150800,150801,150817],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,150802,150803,150805,150807,150809,150811,150813,150815],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,150804,6433],{"class":902},[55,150806,906],{"class":703},[55,150808,9273],{"class":65},[55,150810,126],{"class":109},[55,150812,41625],{"class":129},[55,150814,126],{"class":109},[55,150816,149418],{"class":65},[55,150818,150819,150821,150823,150825],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,150820,62],{"class":61},[55,150822,66],{"class":65},[55,150824,38454],{"class":318},[55,150826,322],{"class":65},[14,150828,281],{},[46,150830,150832],{"className":48,"code":150831,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"('abc',)\n",[18,150833,150834],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,150835,150836,150838,150840,150842,150844],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,150837,66],{"class":65},[55,150839,1923],{"class":109},[55,150841,41625],{"class":129},[55,150843,1923],{"class":109},[55,150845,149418],{"class":65},[889,150847,150849],{"id":150848},"simple-debugging-checks","Simple debugging checks",[14,150851,150852],{},"If you are not sure what you created, these checks help:",[46,150854,150856],{"className":48,"code":150855,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_tuple = (\"apple\",)\n\nprint(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[18,150857,150858,150875,150879,150889,150903],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,150859,150860,150863,150865,150867,150869,150871,150873],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,150861,150862],{"class":902},"my_tuple ",[55,150864,906],{"class":703},[55,150866,9273],{"class":65},[55,150868,126],{"class":109},[55,150870,4364],{"class":129},[55,150872,126],{"class":109},[55,150874,149418],{"class":65},[55,150876,150877],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,150878,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,150880,150881,150883,150885,150887],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,150882,62],{"class":61},[55,150884,66],{"class":65},[55,150886,148080],{"class":318},[55,150888,322],{"class":65},[55,150890,150891,150893,150895,150897,150899,150901],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,150892,62],{"class":61},[55,150894,66],{"class":65},[55,150896,1879],{"class":69},[55,150898,66],{"class":65},[55,150900,148080],{"class":318},[55,150902,79],{"class":65},[55,150904,150905,150907,150909,150911,150913,150915],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,150906,62],{"class":61},[55,150908,66],{"class":65},[55,150910,11202],{"class":61},[55,150912,66],{"class":65},[55,150914,148080],{"class":318},[55,150916,79],{"class":65},[41,150918,2139],{"id":2138},[889,150920,150922],{"id":150921},"how-do-i-create-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I create a tuple with one item?",[14,150924,150925,150926,150929],{},"Add a trailing comma, like ",[18,150927,150928],{},"(\"apple\",)",". Without the comma, Python treats it as a normal value.",[889,150931,150933],{"id":150932},"do-tuples-always-need-parentheses","Do tuples always need parentheses?",[14,150935,150936],{},"Parentheses are common and clearer for beginners, but commas are what make a tuple.",[889,150938,150940],{"id":150939},"can-a-tuple-contain-different-data-types","Can a tuple contain different data types?",[14,150942,150943],{},"Yes. A tuple can contain numbers, strings, booleans, and other objects.",[889,150945,150947],{"id":150946},"what-is-the-difference-between-a-tuple-and-a-list","What is the difference between a tuple and a list?",[14,150949,150950],{},"A tuple cannot be changed after creation. A list can be changed.",[889,150952,5429,150954,12760],{"id":150953},"what-does-tupleabc-return",[18,150955,150722],{},[14,150957,2157,150958,150961],{},[18,150959,150960],{},"('a', 'b', 'c')"," because the string is treated as an iterable of characters.",[41,150963,2193],{"id":2192},[240,150965,150966,150970,150974,150980,150985,150990,150994],{},[243,150967,150968],{},[294,150969,148062],{"href":148061},[243,150971,150972],{},[294,150973,149735],{"href":149734},[243,150975,150976],{},[294,150977,150979],{"href":150978},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained\u002F","Python tuple slicing explained",[243,150981,150982],{},[294,150983,150984],{"href":149300},"Python tuple length with len()",[243,150986,150987],{},[294,150988,150989],{"href":149365},"What is a tuple in Python?",[243,150991,150992],{},[294,150993,63290],{"href":63289},[243,150995,150996],{},[294,150997,150998],{"href":150503},"When to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[2226,151000,151001],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":151003},[151004,151005,151006,151007,151008,151009,151015,151021,151022,151030,151038],{"id":2307,"depth":82,"text":2308},{"id":15209,"depth":82,"text":15210},{"id":149594,"depth":82,"text":149595},{"id":149738,"depth":82,"text":149739},{"id":149831,"depth":82,"text":149832},{"id":150024,"depth":82,"text":150025,"children":151010},[151011,151012,151013,151014],{"id":332,"depth":98,"text":56532},{"id":335,"depth":98,"text":56535},{"id":150116,"depth":98,"text":150117},{"id":150159,"depth":98,"text":150160},{"id":150266,"depth":82,"text":151016,"children":151017},"Create a tuple with tuple()",[151018,151019,151020],{"id":105320,"depth":98,"text":105321},{"id":105506,"depth":98,"text":105507},{"id":150417,"depth":98,"text":150418},{"id":20851,"depth":82,"text":20852},{"id":1585,"depth":82,"text":1586,"children":151023},[151024,151025,151026,151027,151029],{"id":150512,"depth":98,"text":150513},{"id":150592,"depth":98,"text":150593},{"id":150680,"depth":98,"text":150681},{"id":150719,"depth":98,"text":151028},"Confusing tuple(\"abc\") with one string inside a tuple",{"id":150848,"depth":98,"text":150849},{"id":2138,"depth":82,"text":2139,"children":151031},[151032,151033,151034,151035,151036],{"id":150921,"depth":98,"text":150922},{"id":150932,"depth":98,"text":150933},{"id":150939,"depth":98,"text":150940},{"id":150946,"depth":98,"text":150947},{"id":150953,"depth":98,"text":151037},"What does tuple(\"abc\") return?",{"id":2192,"depth":82,"text":2193},"Master python tuple creating a tuple in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple",{"title":149351,"description":151039},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple","SQWI2ojc9mwi8pBVXbAE-y8OnaS1gj7HNiNhaF1JyuA",{"id":151046,"title":151047,"body":151048,"description":152593,"extension":2267,"meta":152594,"navigation":1121,"path":152595,"seo":152596,"stem":152597,"__hash__":152598},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained.md","Python tuple() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":151049,"toc":152563},[151050,151053,151058,151060,151073,151079,151081,151148,151150,151185,151190,151194,151198,151200,151211,151219,151221,151223,151244,151246,151266,151269,151271,151276,151319,151321,151343,151346,151359,151363,151367,151370,151423,151425,151446,151451,151455,151458,151503,151505,151538,151550,151554,151562,151599,151601,151630,151634,151637,151690,151692,151712,151719,151723,151728,151797,151799,151824,151828,151831,151837,151914,151916,151975,151977,151989,151994,151998,152002,152016,152018,152053,152055,152072,152075,152088,152092,152096,152107,152112,152127,152130,152133,152135,152138,152142,152144,152158,152160,152184,152189,152193,152196,152215,152218,152267,152272,152289,152292,152325,152329,152331,152382,152385,152410,152413,152436,152440,152446,152448,152483,152486,152491,152493,152497,152500,152504,152509,152513,152516,152520,152523,152527,152532,152534,152560],[10,151051,151047],{"id":151052},"python-tuple-function-explained",[14,151054,9159,151055,151057],{},[18,151056,38109],{}," function creates a tuple in Python.",[14,151059,82662],{},[240,151061,151062,151067],{},[243,151063,151064,151066],{},[18,151065,38109],{}," creates an empty tuple",[243,151068,151069,151072],{},[18,151070,151071],{},"tuple(iterable)"," converts an iterable into a tuple",[14,151074,151075,151076,151078],{},"This is useful when you want a fixed, immutable sequence of values. Beginners often use ",[18,151077,38109],{}," to convert a list, string, range, or other iterable into a tuple.",[41,151080,2308],{"id":2307},[46,151082,151084],{"className":48,"code":151083,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[18,151085,151086,151106,151120,151124,151134],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,151087,151088,151090,151092,151094,151096,151098,151100,151102,151104],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,151089,1168],{"class":902},[55,151091,906],{"class":703},[55,151093,909],{"class":65},[55,151095,93],{"class":75},[55,151097,163],{"class":65},[55,151099,166],{"class":75},[55,151101,163],{"class":65},[55,151103,171],{"class":75},[55,151105,924],{"class":65},[55,151107,151108,151110,151112,151114,151116,151118],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,151109,2534],{"class":902},[55,151111,906],{"class":703},[55,151113,149428],{"class":69},[55,151115,66],{"class":65},[55,151117,332],{"class":318},[55,151119,322],{"class":65},[55,151121,151122],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,151123,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,151125,151126,151128,151130,151132],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,151127,62],{"class":61},[55,151129,66],{"class":65},[55,151131,2569],{"class":318},[55,151133,322],{"class":65},[55,151135,151136,151138,151140,151142,151144,151146],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,151137,62],{"class":61},[55,151139,66],{"class":65},[55,151141,1879],{"class":69},[55,151143,66],{"class":65},[55,151145,2569],{"class":318},[55,151147,79],{"class":65},[14,151149,281],{},[46,151151,151153],{"className":48,"code":151152,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"(1, 2, 3)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[18,151154,151155,151171],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,151156,151157,151159,151161,151163,151165,151167,151169],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,151158,66],{"class":65},[55,151160,93],{"class":75},[55,151162,163],{"class":65},[55,151164,166],{"class":75},[55,151166,163],{"class":65},[55,151168,171],{"class":75},[55,151170,322],{"class":65},[55,151172,151173,151175,151177,151179,151181,151183],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,151174,1911],{"class":703},[55,151176,1915],{"class":1914},[55,151178,1918],{"class":109},[55,151180,49021],{"class":129},[55,151182,1923],{"class":109},[55,151184,1926],{"class":703},[14,151186,212,151187,151189],{},[18,151188,151071],{}," to convert an iterable like a list, string, or range into a tuple.",[41,151191,151193],{"id":151192},"what-tuple-does","What tuple() does",[14,151195,151196,62998],{},[18,151197,38109],{},[14,151199,48995],{},[240,151201,151202,151205,151208],{},[243,151203,151204],{},"creates a tuple object",[243,151206,151207],{},"can make an empty tuple with no arguments",[243,151209,151210],{},"can convert another iterable into a tuple",[14,151212,151213,151214,151216,151217,29],{},"If you are new to tuples, see ",[294,151215,149366],{"href":149365}," or the full guide to ",[294,151218,148062],{"href":148061},[41,151220,2460],{"id":2459},[14,151222,26541],{},[46,151224,151226],{"className":48,"code":151225,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"tuple()\ntuple(iterable)\n",[18,151227,151228,151234],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,151229,151230,151232],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,151231,49021],{"class":69},[55,151233,1789],{"class":65},[55,151235,151236,151238,151240,151242],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,151237,49021],{"class":69},[55,151239,66],{"class":65},[55,151241,4014],{"class":318},[55,151243,322],{"class":65},[14,151245,11500],{},[240,151247,151248,151251],{},[243,151249,151250],{},"The argument must be an iterable",[243,151252,151253,151254],{},"Common iterables include:\n",[240,151255,151256,151258,151260,151262,151264],{},[243,151257,338],{},[243,151259,335],{},[243,151261,63069],{},[243,151263,347],{},[243,151265,344],{},[14,151267,151268],{},"An iterable is a value Python can go through one item at a time.",[41,151270,149739],{"id":149738},[14,151272,29705,151273,151275],{},[18,151274,38109],{}," with no argument returns an empty tuple.",[46,151277,151279],{"className":48,"code":151278,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"empty = tuple()\n\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[18,151280,151281,151291,151295,151305],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,151282,151283,151285,151287,151289],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,151284,124926],{"class":902},[55,151286,906],{"class":703},[55,151288,149428],{"class":69},[55,151290,1789],{"class":65},[55,151292,151293],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,151294,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,151296,151297,151299,151301,151303],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,151298,62],{"class":61},[55,151300,66],{"class":65},[55,151302,124977],{"class":318},[55,151304,322],{"class":65},[55,151306,151307,151309,151311,151313,151315,151317],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,151308,62],{"class":61},[55,151310,66],{"class":65},[55,151312,1879],{"class":69},[55,151314,66],{"class":65},[55,151316,124977],{"class":318},[55,151318,79],{"class":65},[14,151320,281],{},[46,151322,151323],{"className":48,"code":149784,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,151324,151325,151329],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,151326,151327],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,151328,1789],{"class":65},[55,151330,151331,151333,151335,151337,151339,151341],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,151332,1911],{"class":703},[55,151334,1915],{"class":1914},[55,151336,1918],{"class":109},[55,151338,49021],{"class":129},[55,151340,1923],{"class":109},[55,151342,1926],{"class":703},[14,151344,151345],{},"This is equivalent to:",[46,151347,151349],{"className":48,"code":151348,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"empty = ()\n",[18,151350,151351],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,151352,151353,151355,151357],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,151354,124926],{"class":902},[55,151356,906],{"class":703},[55,151358,149404],{"class":65},[41,151360,151362],{"id":151361},"convert-common-iterables-to-a-tuple","Convert common iterables to a tuple",[889,151364,151366],{"id":151365},"list-to-tuple","List to tuple",[14,151368,151369],{},"A list keeps its item order when converted to a tuple.",[46,151371,151373],{"className":48,"code":151372,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,151374,151375,151395,151409,151413],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,151376,151377,151379,151381,151383,151385,151387,151389,151391,151393],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,151378,1168],{"class":902},[55,151380,906],{"class":703},[55,151382,909],{"class":65},[55,151384,376],{"class":75},[55,151386,163],{"class":65},[55,151388,916],{"class":75},[55,151390,163],{"class":65},[55,151392,921],{"class":75},[55,151394,924],{"class":65},[55,151396,151397,151399,151401,151403,151405,151407],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,151398,2534],{"class":902},[55,151400,906],{"class":703},[55,151402,149428],{"class":69},[55,151404,66],{"class":65},[55,151406,332],{"class":318},[55,151408,322],{"class":65},[55,151410,151411],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,151412,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,151414,151415,151417,151419,151421],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,151416,62],{"class":61},[55,151418,66],{"class":65},[55,151420,2569],{"class":318},[55,151422,322],{"class":65},[14,151424,281],{},[46,151426,151428],{"className":48,"code":151427,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"(10, 20, 30)\n",[18,151429,151430],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,151431,151432,151434,151436,151438,151440,151442,151444],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,151433,66],{"class":65},[55,151435,376],{"class":75},[55,151437,163],{"class":65},[55,151439,916],{"class":75},[55,151441,163],{"class":65},[55,151443,921],{"class":75},[55,151445,322],{"class":65},[14,151447,151448,151449,29],{},"If you need a changeable sequence instead, see the ",[294,151450,105126],{"href":60127},[889,151452,151454],{"id":151453},"string-to-tuple","String to tuple",[14,151456,151457],{},"A string is iterable, so each character becomes a separate item.",[46,151459,151461],{"className":48,"code":151460,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"cat\"\nresult = tuple(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,151462,151463,151475,151489,151493],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,151464,151465,151467,151469,151471,151473],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,151466,34746],{"class":902},[55,151468,906],{"class":703},[55,151470,793],{"class":109},[55,151472,37109],{"class":129},[55,151474,1052],{"class":109},[55,151476,151477,151479,151481,151483,151485,151487],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,151478,2534],{"class":902},[55,151480,906],{"class":703},[55,151482,149428],{"class":69},[55,151484,66],{"class":65},[55,151486,34767],{"class":318},[55,151488,322],{"class":65},[55,151490,151491],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,151492,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,151494,151495,151497,151499,151501],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,151496,62],{"class":61},[55,151498,66],{"class":65},[55,151500,2569],{"class":318},[55,151502,322],{"class":65},[14,151504,281],{},[46,151506,151508],{"className":48,"code":151507,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"('c', 'a', 't')\n",[18,151509,151510],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,151511,151512,151514,151516,151518,151520,151522,151524,151526,151528,151530,151532,151534,151536],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,151513,66],{"class":65},[55,151515,1923],{"class":109},[55,151517,9777],{"class":129},[55,151519,1923],{"class":109},[55,151521,163],{"class":65},[55,151523,1918],{"class":109},[55,151525,294],{"class":129},[55,151527,1923],{"class":109},[55,151529,163],{"class":65},[55,151531,1918],{"class":109},[55,151533,63359],{"class":129},[55,151535,1923],{"class":109},[55,151537,322],{"class":65},[14,151539,151540,151541,14100,151544,151546,151547,29],{},"This often surprises beginners. ",[18,151542,151543],{},"tuple(\"cat\")",[435,151545,4916],{}," create ",[18,151548,151549],{},"('cat',)",[889,151551,151553],{"id":151552},"range-to-tuple","Range to tuple",[14,151555,151556,151558,151559,151561],{},[18,151557,36259],{}," produces values one at a time, and ",[18,151560,38109],{}," collects them all.",[46,151563,151565],{"className":48,"code":151564,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"result = tuple(range(5))\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,151566,151567,151585,151589],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,151568,151569,151571,151573,151575,151577,151579,151581,151583],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,151570,2534],{"class":902},[55,151572,906],{"class":703},[55,151574,149428],{"class":69},[55,151576,66],{"class":65},[55,151578,60070],{"class":61},[55,151580,66],{"class":65},[55,151582,688],{"class":75},[55,151584,79],{"class":65},[55,151586,151587],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,151588,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,151590,151591,151593,151595,151597],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,151592,62],{"class":61},[55,151594,66],{"class":65},[55,151596,2569],{"class":318},[55,151598,322],{"class":65},[14,151600,281],{},[46,151602,151604],{"className":48,"code":151603,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"(0, 1, 2, 3, 4)\n",[18,151605,151606],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,151607,151608,151610,151612,151614,151616,151618,151620,151622,151624,151626,151628],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,151609,66],{"class":65},[55,151611,76],{"class":75},[55,151613,163],{"class":65},[55,151615,5782],{"class":75},[55,151617,163],{"class":65},[55,151619,166],{"class":75},[55,151621,163],{"class":65},[55,151623,171],{"class":75},[55,151625,163],{"class":65},[55,151627,2759],{"class":75},[55,151629,322],{"class":65},[889,151631,151633],{"id":151632},"set-to-tuple","Set to tuple",[14,151635,151636],{},"A set can also be converted to a tuple.",[46,151638,151640],{"className":48,"code":151639,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = {1, 2, 3}\nresult = tuple(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,151641,151642,151662,151676,151680],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,151643,151644,151646,151648,151650,151652,151654,151656,151658,151660],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,151645,4110],{"class":902},[55,151647,906],{"class":703},[55,151649,10529],{"class":65},[55,151651,93],{"class":75},[55,151653,163],{"class":65},[55,151655,166],{"class":75},[55,151657,163],{"class":65},[55,151659,171],{"class":75},[55,151661,9346],{"class":65},[55,151663,151664,151666,151668,151670,151672,151674],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,151665,2534],{"class":902},[55,151667,906],{"class":703},[55,151669,149428],{"class":69},[55,151671,66],{"class":65},[55,151673,5642],{"class":318},[55,151675,322],{"class":65},[55,151677,151678],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,151679,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,151681,151682,151684,151686,151688],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,151683,62],{"class":61},[55,151685,66],{"class":65},[55,151687,2569],{"class":318},[55,151689,322],{"class":65},[14,151691,281],{},[46,151693,151694],{"className":48,"code":149641,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,151695,151696],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,151697,151698,151700,151702,151704,151706,151708,151710],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,151699,66],{"class":65},[55,151701,93],{"class":75},[55,151703,163],{"class":65},[55,151705,166],{"class":75},[55,151707,163],{"class":65},[55,151709,171],{"class":75},[55,151711,322],{"class":65},[14,151713,151714,151715,29],{},"The order may not be predictable, because sets do not store items in a fixed order. If you want to understand sets better, see the ",[294,151716,151718],{"href":151717},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained\u002F","Python set() function explained",[889,151720,151722],{"id":151721},"dictionary-to-tuple","Dictionary to tuple",[14,151724,63612,151725,151727],{},[18,151726,38109],{},", Python uses the dictionary's keys.",[46,151729,151731],{"className":48,"code":151730,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = tuple(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,151732,151733,151769,151783,151787],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,151734,151735,151737,151739,151741,151743,151745,151747,151749,151751,151753,151755,151757,151759,151761,151763,151765,151767],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,151736,13250],{"class":902},[55,151738,906],{"class":703},[55,151740,10529],{"class":65},[55,151742,126],{"class":109},[55,151744,785],{"class":129},[55,151746,126],{"class":109},[55,151748,790],{"class":65},[55,151750,793],{"class":109},[55,151752,12925],{"class":129},[55,151754,126],{"class":109},[55,151756,163],{"class":65},[55,151758,793],{"class":109},[55,151760,9336],{"class":129},[55,151762,126],{"class":109},[55,151764,790],{"class":65},[55,151766,9343],{"class":75},[55,151768,9346],{"class":65},[55,151770,151771,151773,151775,151777,151779,151781],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,151772,2534],{"class":902},[55,151774,906],{"class":703},[55,151776,149428],{"class":69},[55,151778,66],{"class":65},[55,151780,17356],{"class":318},[55,151782,322],{"class":65},[55,151784,151785],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,151786,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,151788,151789,151791,151793,151795],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,151790,62],{"class":61},[55,151792,66],{"class":65},[55,151794,2569],{"class":318},[55,151796,322],{"class":65},[14,151798,30085],{},[46,151800,151802],{"className":48,"code":151801,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"('name', 'age')\n",[18,151803,151804],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,151805,151806,151808,151810,151812,151814,151816,151818,151820,151822],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,151807,66],{"class":65},[55,151809,1923],{"class":109},[55,151811,785],{"class":129},[55,151813,1923],{"class":109},[55,151815,163],{"class":65},[55,151817,1918],{"class":109},[55,151819,9336],{"class":129},[55,151821,1923],{"class":109},[55,151823,322],{"class":65},[41,151825,151827],{"id":151826},"what-happens-with-dictionaries","What happens with dictionaries",[14,151829,151830],{},"This is a common beginner surprise.",[14,151832,151833,151836],{},[18,151834,151835],{},"tuple(my_dict)"," returns a tuple of dictionary keys, not key-value pairs.",[46,151838,151840],{"className":48,"code":151839,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(tuple(person))\nprint(tuple(person.items()))\n",[18,151841,151842,151878,151882,151896],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,151843,151844,151846,151848,151850,151852,151854,151856,151858,151860,151862,151864,151866,151868,151870,151872,151874,151876],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,151845,13250],{"class":902},[55,151847,906],{"class":703},[55,151849,10529],{"class":65},[55,151851,126],{"class":109},[55,151853,785],{"class":129},[55,151855,126],{"class":109},[55,151857,790],{"class":65},[55,151859,793],{"class":109},[55,151861,12925],{"class":129},[55,151863,126],{"class":109},[55,151865,163],{"class":65},[55,151867,793],{"class":109},[55,151869,9336],{"class":129},[55,151871,126],{"class":109},[55,151873,790],{"class":65},[55,151875,9343],{"class":75},[55,151877,9346],{"class":65},[55,151879,151880],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,151881,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,151883,151884,151886,151888,151890,151892,151894],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,151885,62],{"class":61},[55,151887,66],{"class":65},[55,151889,49021],{"class":69},[55,151891,66],{"class":65},[55,151893,17356],{"class":318},[55,151895,79],{"class":65},[55,151897,151898,151900,151902,151904,151906,151908,151910,151912],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,151899,62],{"class":61},[55,151901,66],{"class":65},[55,151903,49021],{"class":69},[55,151905,66],{"class":65},[55,151907,17356],{"class":318},[55,151909,29],{"class":65},[55,151911,937],{"class":318},[55,151913,579],{"class":65},[14,151915,281],{},[46,151917,151919],{"className":48,"code":151918,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"('name', 'age')\n(('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25))\n",[18,151920,151921,151941],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,151922,151923,151925,151927,151929,151931,151933,151935,151937,151939],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,151924,66],{"class":65},[55,151926,1923],{"class":109},[55,151928,785],{"class":129},[55,151930,1923],{"class":109},[55,151932,163],{"class":65},[55,151934,1918],{"class":109},[55,151936,9336],{"class":129},[55,151938,1923],{"class":109},[55,151940,322],{"class":65},[55,151942,151943,151945,151947,151949,151951,151953,151955,151957,151959,151961,151963,151965,151967,151969,151971,151973],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,151944,760],{"class":65},[55,151946,1923],{"class":109},[55,151948,785],{"class":129},[55,151950,1923],{"class":109},[55,151952,163],{"class":65},[55,151954,1918],{"class":109},[55,151956,12925],{"class":129},[55,151958,1923],{"class":109},[55,151960,9270],{"class":65},[55,151962,9273],{"class":65},[55,151964,1923],{"class":109},[55,151966,9336],{"class":129},[55,151968,1923],{"class":109},[55,151970,163],{"class":65},[55,151972,9343],{"class":75},[55,151974,79],{"class":65},[14,151976,18745],{},[240,151978,151979,151984],{},[243,151980,151981,151983],{},[18,151982,151835],{}," for keys",[243,151985,151986,32614],{},[18,151987,151988],{},"tuple(my_dict.items())",[14,151990,151991,151992,29],{},"This happens because iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default. You can learn more in the ",[294,151993,63622],{"href":63621},[41,151995,151997],{"id":151996},"when-to-use-tuple","When to use tuple()",[14,151999,152000,18369],{},[18,152001,38109],{},[240,152003,152004,152007,152010,152013],{},[243,152005,152006],{},"you need an immutable sequence",[243,152008,152009],{},"you want to convert a list into a tuple",[243,152011,152012],{},"you want to store a fixed group of values",[243,152014,152015],{},"you have data that should not be changed later",[14,152017,358],{},[46,152019,152021],{"className":48,"code":152020,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"coordinates = tuple([4, 7])\nprint(coordinates)\n",[18,152022,152023,152042],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,152024,152025,152028,152030,152032,152034,152036,152038,152040],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,152026,152027],{"class":902},"coordinates ",[55,152029,906],{"class":703},[55,152031,149428],{"class":69},[55,152033,158],{"class":65},[55,152035,2807],{"class":75},[55,152037,163],{"class":65},[55,152039,6272],{"class":75},[55,152041,4174],{"class":65},[55,152043,152044,152046,152048,152051],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,152045,62],{"class":61},[55,152047,66],{"class":65},[55,152049,152050],{"class":318},"coordinates",[55,152052,322],{"class":65},[14,152054,281],{},[46,152056,152058],{"className":48,"code":152057,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"(4, 7)\n",[18,152059,152060],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,152061,152062,152064,152066,152068,152070],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,152063,66],{"class":65},[55,152065,2807],{"class":75},[55,152067,163],{"class":65},[55,152069,6272],{"class":75},[55,152071,322],{"class":65},[14,152073,152074],{},"Tuples are often used for values like:",[240,152076,152077,152079,152082,152085],{},[243,152078,152050],{},[243,152080,152081],{},"RGB colors",[243,152083,152084],{},"dates",[243,152086,152087],{},"settings that should stay fixed",[41,152089,152091],{"id":152090},"when-not-to-use-tuple","When not to use tuple()",[14,152093,44495,152094,10640],{},[18,152095,38109],{},[240,152097,152098,152101,152104],{},[243,152099,152100],{},"you need to add, remove, or update items later",[243,152102,152103],{},"a list would be easier to work with",[243,152105,152106],{},"you are passing a non-iterable value",[14,152108,116553,152109,152111],{},[435,152110,4916],{}," work:",[46,152113,152115],{"className":48,"code":152114,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"tuple(5)\n",[18,152116,152117],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,152118,152119,152121,152123,152125],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,152120,49021],{"class":69},[55,152122,66],{"class":65},[55,152124,688],{"class":75},[55,152126,322],{"class":65},[14,152128,152129],{},"An integer is not iterable, so Python raises an error.",[14,152131,152132],{},"If you need a flexible sequence, use a list instead of a tuple.",[41,152134,115391],{"id":115390},[14,152136,152137],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into.",[889,152139,152141],{"id":152140},"passing-a-non-iterable-value","Passing a non-iterable value",[14,152143,3139],{},[46,152145,152146],{"className":48,"code":152114,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,152147,152148],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,152149,152150,152152,152154,152156],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,152151,49021],{"class":69},[55,152153,66],{"class":65},[55,152155,688],{"class":75},[55,152157,322],{"class":65},[14,152159,29736],{},[46,152161,152162],{"className":48,"code":63726,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,152163,152164],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,152165,152166,152168,152170,152172,152174,152176,152178,152180,152182],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,152167,3303],{"class":69},[55,152169,790],{"class":65},[55,152171,1918],{"class":109},[55,152173,2492],{"class":129},[55,152175,1923],{"class":109},[55,152177,24670],{"class":69},[55,152179,1232],{"class":703},[55,152181,1235],{"class":703},[55,152183,63749],{"class":902},[14,152185,152186,152187,29],{},"If you see this, read ",[294,152188,62363],{"href":52669},[889,152190,152192],{"id":152191},"expecting-one-whole-string-item","Expecting one whole string item",[14,152194,152195],{},"This code:",[46,152197,152199],{"className":48,"code":152198,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"tuple(\"hello\")\n",[18,152200,152201],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,152202,152203,152205,152207,152209,152211,152213],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,152204,49021],{"class":69},[55,152206,66],{"class":65},[55,152208,126],{"class":109},[55,152210,130],{"class":129},[55,152212,126],{"class":109},[55,152214,322],{"class":65},[14,152216,152217],{},"returns:",[46,152219,152221],{"className":48,"code":152220,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"('h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o')\n",[18,152222,152223],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,152224,152225,152227,152229,152231,152233,152235,152237,152239,152241,152243,152245,152247,152249,152251,152253,152255,152257,152259,152261,152263,152265],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,152226,66],{"class":65},[55,152228,1923],{"class":109},[55,152230,60510],{"class":129},[55,152232,1923],{"class":109},[55,152234,163],{"class":65},[55,152236,1918],{"class":109},[55,152238,60519],{"class":129},[55,152240,1923],{"class":109},[55,152242,163],{"class":65},[55,152244,1918],{"class":109},[55,152246,60528],{"class":129},[55,152248,1923],{"class":109},[55,152250,163],{"class":65},[55,152252,1918],{"class":109},[55,152254,60528],{"class":129},[55,152256,1923],{"class":109},[55,152258,163],{"class":65},[55,152260,1918],{"class":109},[55,152262,60545],{"class":129},[55,152264,1923],{"class":109},[55,152266,322],{"class":65},[14,152268,40970,152269,152271],{},[435,152270,4916],{}," return:",[46,152273,152275],{"className":48,"code":152274,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"('hello',)\n",[18,152276,152277],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,152278,152279,152281,152283,152285,152287],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,152280,66],{"class":65},[55,152282,1923],{"class":109},[55,152284,130],{"class":129},[55,152286,1923],{"class":109},[55,152288,149418],{"class":65},[14,152290,152291],{},"If you want a one-item tuple, write:",[46,152293,152295],{"className":48,"code":152294,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"single = (\"hello\",)\nprint(single)\n",[18,152296,152297,152314],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,152298,152299,152302,152304,152306,152308,152310,152312],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,152300,152301],{"class":902},"single ",[55,152303,906],{"class":703},[55,152305,9273],{"class":65},[55,152307,126],{"class":109},[55,152309,130],{"class":129},[55,152311,126],{"class":109},[55,152313,149418],{"class":65},[55,152315,152316,152318,152320,152323],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,152317,62],{"class":61},[55,152319,66],{"class":65},[55,152321,152322],{"class":318},"single",[55,152324,322],{"class":65},[889,152326,152328],{"id":152327},"expecting-dictionary-values-too","Expecting dictionary values too",[14,152330,152195],{},[46,152332,152334],{"className":48,"code":152333,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(tuple(data))\n",[18,152335,152336,152368],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,152337,152338,152340,152342,152344,152346,152348,152350,152352,152354,152356,152358,152360,152362,152364,152366],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,152339,9202],{"class":902},[55,152341,906],{"class":703},[55,152343,10529],{"class":65},[55,152345,126],{"class":109},[55,152347,294],{"class":129},[55,152349,126],{"class":109},[55,152351,790],{"class":65},[55,152353,5782],{"class":75},[55,152355,163],{"class":65},[55,152357,793],{"class":109},[55,152359,5046],{"class":129},[55,152361,126],{"class":109},[55,152363,790],{"class":65},[55,152365,166],{"class":75},[55,152367,9346],{"class":65},[55,152369,152370,152372,152374,152376,152378,152380],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,152371,62],{"class":61},[55,152373,66],{"class":65},[55,152375,49021],{"class":69},[55,152377,66],{"class":65},[55,152379,9241],{"class":318},[55,152381,79],{"class":65},[14,152383,152384],{},"returns only the keys:",[46,152386,152388],{"className":48,"code":152387,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"('a', 'b')\n",[18,152389,152390],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,152391,152392,152394,152396,152398,152400,152402,152404,152406,152408],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,152393,66],{"class":65},[55,152395,1923],{"class":109},[55,152397,294],{"class":129},[55,152399,1923],{"class":109},[55,152401,163],{"class":65},[55,152403,1918],{"class":109},[55,152405,5046],{"class":129},[55,152407,1923],{"class":109},[55,152409,322],{"class":65},[14,152411,152412],{},"To get key-value pairs, use:",[46,152414,152416],{"className":48,"code":152415,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(tuple(data.items()))\n",[18,152417,152418],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,152419,152420,152422,152424,152426,152428,152430,152432,152434],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,152421,62],{"class":61},[55,152423,66],{"class":65},[55,152425,49021],{"class":69},[55,152427,66],{"class":65},[55,152429,9241],{"class":318},[55,152431,29],{"class":65},[55,152433,937],{"class":318},[55,152435,579],{"class":65},[889,152437,152439],{"id":152438},"thinking-parentheses-always-convert-to-a-tuple","Thinking parentheses always convert to a tuple",[14,152441,152442,152443,152445],{},"Parentheses can create tuples in many cases, but they do not behave the same as ",[18,152444,38109],{}," conversion.",[14,152447,5756],{},[46,152449,152451],{"className":48,"code":152450,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(value)\n",[18,152452,152453,152473],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,152454,152455,152457,152459,152461,152463,152465,152467,152469,152471],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,152456,1654],{"class":902},[55,152458,906],{"class":703},[55,152460,9273],{"class":65},[55,152462,93],{"class":75},[55,152464,163],{"class":65},[55,152466,166],{"class":75},[55,152468,163],{"class":65},[55,152470,171],{"class":75},[55,152472,322],{"class":65},[55,152474,152475,152477,152479,152481],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,152476,62],{"class":61},[55,152478,66],{"class":65},[55,152480,319],{"class":318},[55,152482,322],{"class":65},[14,152484,152485],{},"This creates a tuple directly.",[14,152487,25559,152488,152490],{},[18,152489,38109],{}," is specifically used to create an empty tuple or convert an iterable into a tuple.",[41,152492,2139],{"id":2138},[889,152494,152496],{"id":152495},"what-does-tuple-do-in-python","What does tuple() do in Python?",[14,152498,152499],{},"It creates a tuple. With an iterable argument, it converts that iterable into a tuple.",[889,152501,152503],{"id":152502},"what-does-tuple-return-with-no-argument","What does tuple() return with no argument?",[14,152505,152506,152507,29],{},"It returns an empty tuple: ",[18,152508,466],{},[889,152510,152512],{"id":152511},"can-tuple-convert-a-string","Can tuple() convert a string?",[14,152514,152515],{},"Yes. Each character becomes a separate item in the tuple.",[889,152517,152519],{"id":152518},"why-does-tuplemy_dict-only-return-keys","Why does tuple(my_dict) only return keys?",[14,152521,152522],{},"Iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default.",[889,152524,152526],{"id":152525},"can-i-use-tuple-on-an-integer","Can I use tuple() on an integer?",[14,152528,152529,152530,29],{},"No. An integer is not iterable, so Python raises a ",[18,152531,3303],{},[41,152533,2193],{"id":2192},[240,152535,152536,152540,152544,152548,152552,152556],{},[243,152537,152538],{},[294,152539,148062],{"href":148061},[243,152541,152542],{},[294,152543,150989],{"href":149365},[243,152545,152546],{},[294,152547,105126],{"href":60127},[243,152549,152550],{},[294,152551,151718],{"href":151717},[243,152553,152554],{},[294,152555,63622],{"href":63621},[243,152557,152558],{},[294,152559,62363],{"href":52669},[2226,152561,152562],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":152564},[152565,152566,152567,152568,152569,152576,152577,152578,152579,152585,152592],{"id":2307,"depth":82,"text":2308},{"id":151192,"depth":82,"text":151193},{"id":2459,"depth":82,"text":2460},{"id":149738,"depth":82,"text":149739},{"id":151361,"depth":82,"text":151362,"children":152570},[152571,152572,152573,152574,152575],{"id":151365,"depth":98,"text":151366},{"id":151453,"depth":98,"text":151454},{"id":151552,"depth":98,"text":151553},{"id":151632,"depth":98,"text":151633},{"id":151721,"depth":98,"text":151722},{"id":151826,"depth":82,"text":151827},{"id":151996,"depth":82,"text":151997},{"id":152090,"depth":82,"text":152091},{"id":115390,"depth":82,"text":115391,"children":152580},[152581,152582,152583,152584],{"id":152140,"depth":98,"text":152141},{"id":152191,"depth":98,"text":152192},{"id":152327,"depth":98,"text":152328},{"id":152438,"depth":98,"text":152439},{"id":2138,"depth":82,"text":2139,"children":152586},[152587,152588,152589,152590,152591],{"id":152495,"depth":98,"text":152496},{"id":152502,"depth":98,"text":152503},{"id":152511,"depth":98,"text":152512},{"id":152518,"depth":98,"text":152519},{"id":152525,"depth":98,"text":152526},{"id":2192,"depth":82,"text":2193},"Master python tuple function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained",{"title":151047,"description":152593},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained","pFeq5hNHdIKuIzk8wtloZhtsgtV1EfCv8EepPUEVHYk",{"id":152600,"title":152601,"body":152602,"description":154015,"extension":2267,"meta":154016,"navigation":1121,"path":154017,"seo":154018,"stem":154019,"__hash__":154020},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method.md","Python Tuple index() Method",{"type":7,"value":152603,"toc":153987},[152604,152609,152614,152617,152619,152698,152704,152709,152713,152728,152730,152777,152779,152787,152795,152801,152803,152808,152828,152831,152858,152860,152884,152886,153028,153030,153034,153042,153045,153047,153124,153126,153134,153138,153142,153152,153162,153164,153169,153171,153230,153235,153237,153337,153339,153353,153358,153364,153371,153374,153376,153486,153490,153507,153509,153572,153574,153582,153594,153598,153603,153631,153634,153716,153718,153729,153731,153735,153762,153764,153766,153846,153854,153856,153911,153913,153918,153921,153925,153929,153931,153935,153939,153947,153954,153957,153959,153984],[10,152605,147946,152607,11363],{"id":152606},"python-tuple-index-method",[18,152608,59039],{},[14,152610,152611,152613],{},[18,152612,149267],{}," finds the position of a value inside a tuple.",[14,152615,152616],{},"It is useful when you know the value you want to search for and need its index. This method returns the first matching position and raises an error if the value is not found.",[41,152618,2308],{"id":2307},[46,152620,152622],{"className":48,"code":152621,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nposition = colors.index(\"blue\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[18,152623,152624,152664,152686],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,152625,152626,152628,152630,152632,152634,152636,152638,152640,152642,152644,152646,152648,152650,152652,152654,152656,152658,152660,152662],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,152627,13121],{"class":902},[55,152629,906],{"class":703},[55,152631,9273],{"class":65},[55,152633,126],{"class":109},[55,152635,13138],{"class":129},[55,152637,126],{"class":109},[55,152639,163],{"class":65},[55,152641,793],{"class":109},[55,152643,13155],{"class":129},[55,152645,126],{"class":109},[55,152647,163],{"class":65},[55,152649,793],{"class":109},[55,152651,17505],{"class":129},[55,152653,126],{"class":109},[55,152655,163],{"class":65},[55,152657,793],{"class":109},[55,152659,13155],{"class":129},[55,152661,126],{"class":109},[55,152663,322],{"class":65},[55,152665,152666,152668,152670,152672,152674,152676,152678,152680,152682,152684],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,152667,64992],{"class":902},[55,152669,906],{"class":703},[55,152671,13169],{"class":902},[55,152673,29],{"class":65},[55,152675,35906],{"class":318},[55,152677,66],{"class":65},[55,152679,126],{"class":109},[55,152681,13155],{"class":129},[55,152683,126],{"class":109},[55,152685,322],{"class":65},[55,152687,152688,152690,152692,152694,152696],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,152689,62],{"class":61},[55,152691,66],{"class":65},[55,152693,65019],{"class":318},[55,152695,3953],{"class":65},[55,152697,27834],{"class":3956},[14,152699,152700,152703],{},[18,152701,152702],{},"tuple.index(value)"," returns the position of the first matching item.",[41,152705,3970,152707,3973],{"id":152706},"what-tupleindex-does",[18,152708,149267],{},[14,152710,16,152711,11454],{},[18,152712,59039],{},[240,152714,152715,152718,152720,152723],{},[243,152716,152717],{},"Finds the position of a value inside a tuple",[243,152719,128544],{},[243,152721,152722],{},"Works only if the value exists in the tuple",[243,152724,152725,152726],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at index ",[18,152727,76],{},[14,152729,358],{},[46,152731,152733],{"className":48,"code":152732,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 20)\nprint(numbers.index(20))\n",[18,152734,152735,152759],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,152736,152737,152739,152741,152743,152745,152747,152749,152751,152753,152755,152757],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,152738,1168],{"class":902},[55,152740,906],{"class":703},[55,152742,9273],{"class":65},[55,152744,376],{"class":75},[55,152746,163],{"class":65},[55,152748,916],{"class":75},[55,152750,163],{"class":65},[55,152752,921],{"class":75},[55,152754,163],{"class":65},[55,152756,916],{"class":75},[55,152758,322],{"class":65},[55,152760,152761,152763,152765,152767,152769,152771,152773,152775],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,152762,62],{"class":61},[55,152764,66],{"class":65},[55,152766,332],{"class":318},[55,152768,29],{"class":65},[55,152770,35906],{"class":318},[55,152772,66],{"class":65},[55,152774,15802],{"class":75},[55,152776,79],{"class":65},[14,152778,281],{},[46,152780,152781],{"className":48,"code":46984,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,152782,152783],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,152784,152785],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,152786,46984],{"class":75},[14,152788,21029,152789,152791,152792,152794],{},[18,152790,15802],{}," appears twice, ",[18,152793,59039],{}," returns only the first match.",[14,152796,151213,152797,29],{},[294,152798,152800],{"href":152799},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python","what a tuple is in Python",[41,152802,2460],{"id":2459},[14,152804,884,152805,152807],{},[18,152806,59039],{}," in two ways:",[46,152809,152811],{"className":48,"code":152810,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"tuple_name.index(value)\n",[18,152812,152813],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,152814,152815,152818,152820,152822,152824,152826],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,152816,152817],{"class":902},"tuple_name",[55,152819,29],{"class":65},[55,152821,35906],{"class":318},[55,152823,66],{"class":65},[55,152825,319],{"class":318},[55,152827,322],{"class":65},[14,152829,152830],{},"or:",[46,152832,152834],{"className":48,"code":152833,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"tuple_name.index(value, start, end)\n",[18,152835,152836],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,152837,152838,152840,152842,152844,152846,152848,152850,152852,152854,152856],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,152839,152817],{"class":902},[55,152841,29],{"class":65},[55,152843,35906],{"class":318},[55,152845,66],{"class":65},[55,152847,319],{"class":318},[55,152849,163],{"class":65},[55,152851,36112],{"class":318},[55,152853,163],{"class":65},[55,152855,65113],{"class":318},[55,152857,322],{"class":65},[889,152859,17444],{"id":17443},[240,152861,152862,152867,152872,152877],{},[243,152863,152864,152866],{},[18,152865,319],{}," — the item to search for",[243,152868,152869,152871],{},[18,152870,36133],{}," — optional starting position",[243,152873,152874,152876],{},[18,152875,52730],{}," — optional ending position",[243,152878,152879,5069,152881,152883],{},[18,152880,52730],{},[435,152882,65142],{}," in the search",[14,152885,358],{},[46,152887,152889],{"className":48,"code":152888,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\")\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # 1\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # 3\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 3))  # 1\n",[18,152890,152891,152939,152943,152968,152996],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,152892,152893,152895,152897,152899,152901,152903,152905,152907,152909,152911,152913,152915,152917,152919,152921,152923,152925,152927,152929,152931,152933,152935,152937],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,152894,36151],{"class":902},[55,152896,906],{"class":703},[55,152898,9273],{"class":65},[55,152900,126],{"class":109},[55,152902,294],{"class":129},[55,152904,126],{"class":109},[55,152906,163],{"class":65},[55,152908,793],{"class":109},[55,152910,5046],{"class":129},[55,152912,126],{"class":109},[55,152914,163],{"class":65},[55,152916,793],{"class":109},[55,152918,9777],{"class":129},[55,152920,126],{"class":109},[55,152922,163],{"class":65},[55,152924,793],{"class":109},[55,152926,5046],{"class":129},[55,152928,126],{"class":109},[55,152930,163],{"class":65},[55,152932,793],{"class":109},[55,152934,18818],{"class":129},[55,152936,126],{"class":109},[55,152938,322],{"class":65},[55,152940,152941],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,152942,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,152944,152945,152947,152949,152951,152953,152955,152957,152959,152961,152963,152965],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,152946,62],{"class":61},[55,152948,66],{"class":65},[55,152950,36204],{"class":318},[55,152952,29],{"class":65},[55,152954,35906],{"class":318},[55,152956,66],{"class":65},[55,152958,126],{"class":109},[55,152960,5046],{"class":129},[55,152962,126],{"class":109},[55,152964,5645],{"class":65},[55,152966,152967],{"class":3956},"        # 1\n",[55,152969,152970,152972,152974,152976,152978,152980,152982,152984,152986,152988,152990,152992,152994],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,152971,62],{"class":61},[55,152973,66],{"class":65},[55,152975,36204],{"class":318},[55,152977,29],{"class":65},[55,152979,35906],{"class":318},[55,152981,66],{"class":65},[55,152983,126],{"class":109},[55,152985,5046],{"class":129},[55,152987,126],{"class":109},[55,152989,163],{"class":65},[55,152991,166],{"class":75},[55,152993,5645],{"class":65},[55,152995,50987],{"class":3956},[55,152997,152998,153000,153002,153004,153006,153008,153010,153012,153014,153016,153018,153020,153022,153024,153026],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,152999,62],{"class":61},[55,153001,66],{"class":65},[55,153003,36204],{"class":318},[55,153005,29],{"class":65},[55,153007,35906],{"class":318},[55,153009,66],{"class":65},[55,153011,126],{"class":109},[55,153013,5046],{"class":129},[55,153015,126],{"class":109},[55,153017,163],{"class":65},[55,153019,5782],{"class":75},[55,153021,163],{"class":65},[55,153023,171],{"class":75},[55,153025,5645],{"class":65},[55,153027,27834],{"class":3956},[41,153029,103453],{"id":103452},[14,153031,153032,25562],{},[18,153033,149267],{},[240,153035,153036,153039],{},[243,153037,153038],{},"An integer",[243,153040,153041],{},"The position of the first matching item",[14,153043,153044],{},"If the value appears more than once, later matches are ignored.",[14,153046,358],{},[46,153048,153050],{"className":48,"code":153049,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"animals = (\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\", \"dog\")\nresult = animals.index(\"dog\")\nprint(result)\n",[18,153051,153052,153092,153114],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,153053,153054,153056,153058,153060,153062,153064,153066,153068,153070,153072,153074,153076,153078,153080,153082,153084,153086,153088,153090],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,153055,108552],{"class":902},[55,153057,906],{"class":703},[55,153059,9273],{"class":65},[55,153061,126],{"class":109},[55,153063,37109],{"class":129},[55,153065,126],{"class":109},[55,153067,163],{"class":65},[55,153069,793],{"class":109},[55,153071,58198],{"class":129},[55,153073,126],{"class":109},[55,153075,163],{"class":65},[55,153077,793],{"class":109},[55,153079,58215],{"class":129},[55,153081,126],{"class":109},[55,153083,163],{"class":65},[55,153085,793],{"class":109},[55,153087,58198],{"class":129},[55,153089,126],{"class":109},[55,153091,322],{"class":65},[55,153093,153094,153096,153098,153100,153102,153104,153106,153108,153110,153112],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,153095,2534],{"class":902},[55,153097,906],{"class":703},[55,153099,108595],{"class":902},[55,153101,29],{"class":65},[55,153103,35906],{"class":318},[55,153105,66],{"class":65},[55,153107,126],{"class":109},[55,153109,58198],{"class":129},[55,153111,126],{"class":109},[55,153113,322],{"class":65},[55,153115,153116,153118,153120,153122],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,153117,62],{"class":61},[55,153119,66],{"class":65},[55,153121,2569],{"class":318},[55,153123,322],{"class":65},[14,153125,281],{},[46,153127,153128],{"className":48,"code":46984,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,153129,153130],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,153131,153132],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,153133,46984],{"class":75},[41,153135,153137],{"id":153136},"when-to-use-it","When to use it",[14,153139,212,153140,10640],{},[18,153141,149267],{},[240,153143,153144,153146,153149],{},[243,153145,66171],{},[243,153147,153148],{},"You want to find where an item first appears",[243,153150,153151],{},"You are working with a small fixed collection stored as a tuple",[14,153153,153154,153155,153158,153159,29],{},"If you already know the position, use normal tuple indexing instead, such as ",[18,153156,153157],{},"my_tuple[0]",". For a full explanation, see ",[294,153160,149735],{"href":153161},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained",[41,153163,65703],{"id":65702},[14,153165,153166,153167,29],{},"If the value is not in the tuple, Python raises a ",[18,153168,40768],{},[14,153170,358],{},[46,153172,153174],{"className":48,"code":153173,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\n",[18,153175,153176,153208],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,153177,153178,153180,153182,153184,153186,153188,153190,153192,153194,153196,153198,153200,153202,153204,153206],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,153179,13121],{"class":902},[55,153181,906],{"class":703},[55,153183,9273],{"class":65},[55,153185,126],{"class":109},[55,153187,13138],{"class":129},[55,153189,126],{"class":109},[55,153191,163],{"class":65},[55,153193,793],{"class":109},[55,153195,13155],{"class":129},[55,153197,126],{"class":109},[55,153199,163],{"class":65},[55,153201,793],{"class":109},[55,153203,17505],{"class":129},[55,153205,126],{"class":109},[55,153207,322],{"class":65},[55,153209,153210,153212,153214,153216,153218,153220,153222,153224,153226,153228],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,153211,62],{"class":61},[55,153213,66],{"class":65},[55,153215,17552],{"class":318},[55,153217,29],{"class":65},[55,153219,35906],{"class":318},[55,153221,66],{"class":65},[55,153223,126],{"class":109},[55,153225,22576],{"class":129},[55,153227,126],{"class":109},[55,153229,79],{"class":65},[14,153231,39717,153232,153234],{},[18,153233,109877],{}," is not in the tuple.",[14,153236,65778],{},[46,153238,153240],{"className":48,"code":153239,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\n\nif \"yellow\" in colors:\n    print(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[18,153241,153242,153274,153278,153294,153316,153322],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,153243,153244,153246,153248,153250,153252,153254,153256,153258,153260,153262,153264,153266,153268,153270,153272],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,153245,13121],{"class":902},[55,153247,906],{"class":703},[55,153249,9273],{"class":65},[55,153251,126],{"class":109},[55,153253,13138],{"class":129},[55,153255,126],{"class":109},[55,153257,163],{"class":65},[55,153259,793],{"class":109},[55,153261,13155],{"class":129},[55,153263,126],{"class":109},[55,153265,163],{"class":65},[55,153267,793],{"class":109},[55,153269,17505],{"class":129},[55,153271,126],{"class":109},[55,153273,322],{"class":65},[55,153275,153276],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,153277,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,153279,153280,153282,153284,153286,153288,153290,153292],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,153281,38],{"class":1193},[55,153283,793],{"class":109},[55,153285,22576],{"class":129},[55,153287,126],{"class":109},[55,153289,21225],{"class":703},[55,153291,13169],{"class":902},[55,153293,1199],{"class":65},[55,153295,153296,153298,153300,153302,153304,153306,153308,153310,153312,153314],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,153297,1204],{"class":61},[55,153299,66],{"class":65},[55,153301,17552],{"class":318},[55,153303,29],{"class":65},[55,153305,35906],{"class":318},[55,153307,66],{"class":65},[55,153309,126],{"class":109},[55,153311,22576],{"class":129},[55,153313,126],{"class":109},[55,153315,79],{"class":65},[55,153317,153318,153320],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,153319,27488],{"class":1193},[55,153321,1199],{"class":65},[55,153323,153324,153326,153328,153330,153333,153335],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,153325,1204],{"class":61},[55,153327,66],{"class":65},[55,153329,126],{"class":109},[55,153331,153332],{"class":129},"Value not found",[55,153334,126],{"class":109},[55,153336,322],{"class":65},[14,153338,281],{},[46,153340,153342],{"className":48,"code":153341,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Value not found\n",[18,153343,153344],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,153345,153346,153349,153351],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,153347,153348],{"class":902},"Value ",[55,153350,4916],{"class":703},[55,153352,65902],{"class":902},[14,153354,153355,153356,29],{},"If you want to learn more about this kind of error, see ",[294,153357,65912],{"href":65911},[41,153359,1556,153360,4679,153362],{"id":65479},[18,153361,36133],{},[18,153363,52730],{},[14,153365,16,153366,4679,153368,153370],{},[18,153367,36133],{},[18,153369,52730],{}," arguments let you search only part of a tuple.",[14,153372,153373],{},"This is helpful when the same value appears multiple times.",[14,153375,358],{},[46,153377,153379],{"className":48,"code":153378,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5))        # 0\nprint(values.index(5, 1))     # 2\nprint(values.index(5, 3, 5))  # 4\n",[18,153380,153381,153409,153413,153434,153458],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,153382,153383,153385,153387,153389,153391,153393,153395,153397,153399,153401,153403,153405,153407],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,153384,4110],{"class":902},[55,153386,906],{"class":703},[55,153388,9273],{"class":65},[55,153390,688],{"class":75},[55,153392,163],{"class":65},[55,153394,6283],{"class":75},[55,153396,163],{"class":65},[55,153398,4890],{"class":75},[55,153400,163],{"class":65},[55,153402,916],{"class":75},[55,153404,163],{"class":65},[55,153406,4890],{"class":75},[55,153408,322],{"class":65},[55,153410,153411],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,153412,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,153414,153415,153417,153419,153421,153423,153425,153427,153429,153431],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,153416,62],{"class":61},[55,153418,66],{"class":65},[55,153420,5642],{"class":318},[55,153422,29],{"class":65},[55,153424,35906],{"class":318},[55,153426,66],{"class":65},[55,153428,688],{"class":75},[55,153430,5645],{"class":65},[55,153432,153433],{"class":3956},"        # 0\n",[55,153435,153436,153438,153440,153442,153444,153446,153448,153450,153452,153454,153456],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,153437,62],{"class":61},[55,153439,66],{"class":65},[55,153441,5642],{"class":318},[55,153443,29],{"class":65},[55,153445,35906],{"class":318},[55,153447,66],{"class":65},[55,153449,688],{"class":75},[55,153451,163],{"class":65},[55,153453,5782],{"class":75},[55,153455,5645],{"class":65},[55,153457,51021],{"class":3956},[55,153459,153460,153462,153464,153466,153468,153470,153472,153474,153476,153478,153480,153482,153484],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,153461,62],{"class":61},[55,153463,66],{"class":65},[55,153465,5642],{"class":318},[55,153467,29],{"class":65},[55,153469,35906],{"class":318},[55,153471,66],{"class":65},[55,153473,688],{"class":75},[55,153475,163],{"class":65},[55,153477,171],{"class":75},[55,153479,163],{"class":65},[55,153481,4890],{"class":75},[55,153483,5645],{"class":65},[55,153485,51004],{"class":3956},[889,153487,153489],{"id":153488},"how-it-works","How it works",[240,153491,153492,153497,153502],{},[243,153493,153494,153496],{},[18,153495,36133],{}," tells Python where to begin searching",[243,153498,153499,153501],{},[18,153500,52730],{}," tells Python where to stop searching",[243,153503,16,153504,153506],{},[18,153505,52730],{}," position itself is not included",[14,153508,358],{},[46,153510,153512],{"className":48,"code":153511,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5, 1, 4))\n",[18,153513,153514,153542,153546],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,153515,153516,153518,153520,153522,153524,153526,153528,153530,153532,153534,153536,153538,153540],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,153517,4110],{"class":902},[55,153519,906],{"class":703},[55,153521,9273],{"class":65},[55,153523,688],{"class":75},[55,153525,163],{"class":65},[55,153527,6283],{"class":75},[55,153529,163],{"class":65},[55,153531,4890],{"class":75},[55,153533,163],{"class":65},[55,153535,916],{"class":75},[55,153537,163],{"class":65},[55,153539,4890],{"class":75},[55,153541,322],{"class":65},[55,153543,153544],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,153545,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,153547,153548,153550,153552,153554,153556,153558,153560,153562,153564,153566,153568,153570],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,153549,62],{"class":61},[55,153551,66],{"class":65},[55,153553,5642],{"class":318},[55,153555,29],{"class":65},[55,153557,35906],{"class":318},[55,153559,66],{"class":65},[55,153561,688],{"class":75},[55,153563,163],{"class":65},[55,153565,5782],{"class":75},[55,153567,163],{"class":65},[55,153569,2759],{"class":75},[55,153571,79],{"class":65},[14,153573,281],{},[46,153575,153576],{"className":48,"code":17105,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,153577,153578],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,153579,153580],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,153581,17105],{"class":75},[14,153583,153584,153585,2493,153587,17121,153589,153591,153592,29],{},"Python searches positions ",[18,153586,93],{},[18,153588,707],{},[18,153590,2366],{},", but not ",[18,153593,2807],{},[41,153595,153597],{"id":153596},"beginner-tips","Beginner tips",[14,153599,153600,153601,790],{},"Keep these points in mind when using ",[18,153602,149267],{},[240,153604,153605,153613,153618,153625],{},[243,153606,153607,153608,153610,153611],{},"Do not confuse the ",[435,153609,319],{}," with the ",[435,153612,35906],{},[243,153614,153615,153616],{},"Remember that indexing starts at ",[18,153617,76],{},[243,153619,212,153620,153624],{},[294,153621,149293,153622,10780],{"href":149345},[18,153623,57361],{}," if you need to know how many times a value appears",[243,153626,153627,153628,153630],{},"Use normal indexing like ",[18,153629,153157],{}," when you already know the position",[14,153632,153633],{},"Example of value vs index:",[46,153635,153637],{"className":48,"code":153636,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits.index(\"banana\"))  # 1\nprint(fruits[1])               # banana\n",[18,153638,153639,153671,153675,153699],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,153640,153641,153643,153645,153647,153649,153651,153653,153655,153657,153659,153661,153663,153665,153667,153669],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,153642,36300],{"class":902},[55,153644,906],{"class":703},[55,153646,9273],{"class":65},[55,153648,126],{"class":109},[55,153650,4364],{"class":129},[55,153652,126],{"class":109},[55,153654,163],{"class":65},[55,153656,793],{"class":109},[55,153658,4373],{"class":129},[55,153660,126],{"class":109},[55,153662,163],{"class":65},[55,153664,793],{"class":109},[55,153666,33278],{"class":129},[55,153668,126],{"class":109},[55,153670,322],{"class":65},[55,153672,153673],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,153674,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,153676,153677,153679,153681,153683,153685,153687,153689,153691,153693,153695,153697],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,153678,62],{"class":61},[55,153680,66],{"class":65},[55,153682,36352],{"class":318},[55,153684,29],{"class":65},[55,153686,35906],{"class":318},[55,153688,66],{"class":65},[55,153690,126],{"class":109},[55,153692,4373],{"class":129},[55,153694,126],{"class":109},[55,153696,5645],{"class":65},[55,153698,27834],{"class":3956},[55,153700,153701,153703,153705,153707,153709,153711,153713],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,153702,62],{"class":61},[55,153704,66],{"class":65},[55,153706,36352],{"class":318},[55,153708,4186],{"class":65},[55,153710,93],{"class":75},[55,153712,20497],{"class":65},[55,153714,153715],{"class":3956},"               # banana\n",[14,153717,2482],{},[240,153719,153720,153724],{},[243,153721,153722,15294],{},[18,153723,65347],{},[243,153725,153726,153728],{},[18,153727,93],{}," is the index",[41,153730,1586],{"id":1585},[14,153732,106191,153733,790],{},[18,153734,149267],{},[240,153736,153737,153740,153745,153750,153757],{},[243,153738,153739],{},"Searching for a value that is not inside the tuple",[243,153741,1595,153742,153744],{},[18,153743,59039],{}," to return all matching positions",[243,153746,153747,153748],{},"Forgetting that the first item is at index ",[18,153749,76],{},[243,153751,153752,153753,4679,153755],{},"Using the wrong search range with ",[18,153754,36133],{},[18,153756,52730],{},[243,153758,37266,153759,153761],{},[18,153760,149267],{}," with similar methods on strings or lists",[889,153763,60782],{"id":60781},[14,153765,94453],{},[46,153767,153769],{"className":48,"code":153768,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(value in my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple.count(value))\nprint(my_tuple.index(value))\n",[18,153770,153771,153781,153795,153810,153828],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,153772,153773,153775,153777,153779],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,153774,62],{"class":61},[55,153776,66],{"class":65},[55,153778,148080],{"class":318},[55,153780,322],{"class":65},[55,153782,153783,153785,153787,153789,153791,153793],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,153784,62],{"class":61},[55,153786,66],{"class":65},[55,153788,11202],{"class":61},[55,153790,66],{"class":65},[55,153792,148080],{"class":318},[55,153794,79],{"class":65},[55,153796,153797,153799,153801,153803,153805,153808],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,153798,62],{"class":61},[55,153800,66],{"class":65},[55,153802,1654],{"class":318},[55,153804,4168],{"class":1193},[55,153806,153807],{"class":318}," my_tuple",[55,153809,322],{"class":65},[55,153811,153812,153814,153816,153818,153820,153822,153824,153826],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,153813,62],{"class":61},[55,153815,66],{"class":65},[55,153817,148080],{"class":318},[55,153819,29],{"class":65},[55,153821,41324],{"class":318},[55,153823,66],{"class":65},[55,153825,319],{"class":318},[55,153827,79],{"class":65},[55,153829,153830,153832,153834,153836,153838,153840,153842,153844],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,153831,62],{"class":61},[55,153833,66],{"class":65},[55,153835,148080],{"class":318},[55,153837,29],{"class":65},[55,153839,35906],{"class":318},[55,153841,66],{"class":65},[55,153843,319],{"class":318},[55,153845,79],{"class":65},[14,153847,153848,153849,84470,153851,153853],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will raise a ",[18,153850,40768],{},[18,153852,319],{}," is missing.",[14,153855,129697],{},[46,153857,153859],{"className":48,"code":153858,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"if value in my_tuple:\n    print(my_tuple.index(value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[18,153860,153861,153873,153891,153897],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,153862,153863,153865,153867,153869,153871],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,153864,38],{"class":1193},[55,153866,21636],{"class":902},[55,153868,4168],{"class":703},[55,153870,153807],{"class":902},[55,153872,1199],{"class":65},[55,153874,153875,153877,153879,153881,153883,153885,153887,153889],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,153876,1204],{"class":61},[55,153878,66],{"class":65},[55,153880,148080],{"class":318},[55,153882,29],{"class":65},[55,153884,35906],{"class":318},[55,153886,66],{"class":65},[55,153888,319],{"class":318},[55,153890,79],{"class":65},[55,153892,153893,153895],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,153894,27488],{"class":1193},[55,153896,1199],{"class":65},[55,153898,153899,153901,153903,153905,153907,153909],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,153900,1204],{"class":61},[55,153902,66],{"class":65},[55,153904,126],{"class":109},[55,153906,153332],{"class":129},[55,153908,126],{"class":109},[55,153910,322],{"class":65},[41,153912,2139],{"id":2138},[889,153914,5429,153916,12760],{"id":153915},"what-does-tupleindex-return",[18,153917,149267],{},[14,153919,153920],{},"It returns the index of the first matching value in the tuple.",[889,153922,153924],{"id":153923},"what-if-the-value-appears-more-than-once","What if the value appears more than once?",[14,153926,153927,152794],{},[18,153928,149267],{},[889,153930,149246],{"id":149245},[14,153932,76931,153933,29],{},[18,153934,40768],{},[889,153936,153938],{"id":153937},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-tuple","Can I search only part of a tuple?",[14,153940,153941,153942,4679,153944,153946],{},"Yes. You can use ",[18,153943,36133],{},[18,153945,52730],{}," arguments to limit the search.",[889,153948,14950,153950,57276,153952,2794],{"id":153949},"is-tupleindex-the-same-as-listindex",[18,153951,149267],{},[18,153953,64938],{},[14,153955,153956],{},"They work in a very similar way, but one is for tuples and the other is for lists.",[41,153958,2193],{"id":2192},[240,153960,153961,153967,153971,153976,153980],{},[243,153962,153963],{},[294,153964,149293,153965,10780],{"href":149345},[18,153966,57361],{},[243,153968,153969],{},[294,153970,149735],{"href":153161},[243,153972,153973],{},[294,153974,153975],{"href":151041},"Creating a tuple in Python",[243,153977,153978],{},[294,153979,65912],{"href":65911},[243,153981,153982],{},[294,153983,150989],{"href":152799},[2226,153985,153986],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":153988},[153989,153990,153992,153995,153996,153997,153998,154001,154002,154005,154014],{"id":2307,"depth":82,"text":2308},{"id":152706,"depth":82,"text":153991},"What tuple.index() does",{"id":2459,"depth":82,"text":2460,"children":153993},[153994],{"id":17443,"depth":98,"text":17444},{"id":103452,"depth":82,"text":103453},{"id":153136,"depth":82,"text":153137},{"id":65702,"depth":82,"text":65703},{"id":65479,"depth":82,"text":66262,"children":153999},[154000],{"id":153488,"depth":98,"text":153489},{"id":153596,"depth":82,"text":153597},{"id":1585,"depth":82,"text":1586,"children":154003},[154004],{"id":60781,"depth":98,"text":60782},{"id":2138,"depth":82,"text":2139,"children":154006},[154007,154009,154010,154011,154012],{"id":153915,"depth":98,"text":154008},"What does tuple.index() return?",{"id":153923,"depth":98,"text":153924},{"id":149245,"depth":98,"text":149246},{"id":153937,"depth":98,"text":153938},{"id":153949,"depth":98,"text":154013},"Is tuple.index() the same as list.index()?",{"id":2192,"depth":82,"text":2193},"Master python tuple index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method",{"title":152601,"description":154015},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method","hFeA-En5My_vANu8tP2TUrxcbB-PyXux8kIT29TBrmo",{"id":154022,"title":154023,"body":154024,"description":155419,"extension":2267,"meta":155420,"navigation":1121,"path":153161,"seo":155421,"stem":155422,"__hash__":155423},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained.md","Python Tuple Indexing Explained",{"type":7,"value":154025,"toc":155401},[154026,154029,154032,154035,154049,154051,154054,154148,154158,154164,154168,154171,154174,154176,154194,154196,154267,154269,154286,154290,154294,154297,154314,154317,154332,154334,154425,154428,154432,154435,154452,154454,154549,154552,154555,154559,154562,154656,154658,154677,154680,154684,154687,154689,154744,154746,154781,154784,154798,154806,154899,154908,154912,154915,154922,154925,154972,154974,154982,154985,155036,155038,155055,155060,155064,155067,155070,155072,155123,155126,155181,155184,155187,155189,155192,155212,155214,155287,155290,155303,155305,155309,155314,155318,155323,155340,155344,155347,155364,155368,155371,155373,155398],[10,154027,154023],{"id":154028},"python-tuple-indexing-explained",[14,154030,154031],{},"Tuple indexing is how you access one item in a tuple by its position.",[14,154033,154034],{},"Use this when you want to read a specific value from a tuple. On this page, the focus is on:",[240,154036,154037,154040,154043,154046],{},[243,154038,154039],{},"positive indexes",[243,154041,154042],{},"negative indexes",[243,154044,154045],{},"common indexing mistakes",[243,154047,154048],{},"what happens when an index does not exist",[41,154050,44],{"id":43},[14,154052,154053],{},"Use square brackets with a number after the tuple name.",[46,154055,154057],{"className":48,"code":154056,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n\nprint(colors[0])   # red\nprint(colors[1])   # green\nprint(colors[-1])  # blue\n",[18,154058,154059,154091,154095,154112,154129],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,154060,154061,154063,154065,154067,154069,154071,154073,154075,154077,154079,154081,154083,154085,154087,154089],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,154062,13121],{"class":902},[55,154064,906],{"class":703},[55,154066,9273],{"class":65},[55,154068,126],{"class":109},[55,154070,13138],{"class":129},[55,154072,126],{"class":109},[55,154074,163],{"class":65},[55,154076,793],{"class":109},[55,154078,17505],{"class":129},[55,154080,126],{"class":109},[55,154082,163],{"class":65},[55,154084,793],{"class":109},[55,154086,13155],{"class":129},[55,154088,126],{"class":109},[55,154090,322],{"class":65},[55,154092,154093],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,154094,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,154096,154097,154099,154101,154103,154105,154107,154109],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,154098,62],{"class":61},[55,154100,66],{"class":65},[55,154102,17552],{"class":318},[55,154104,4186],{"class":65},[55,154106,76],{"class":75},[55,154108,20497],{"class":65},[55,154110,154111],{"class":3956},"   # red\n",[55,154113,154114,154116,154118,154120,154122,154124,154126],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,154115,62],{"class":61},[55,154117,66],{"class":65},[55,154119,17552],{"class":318},[55,154121,4186],{"class":65},[55,154123,93],{"class":75},[55,154125,20497],{"class":65},[55,154127,154128],{"class":3956},"   # green\n",[55,154130,154131,154133,154135,154137,154139,154141,154143,154145],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,154132,62],{"class":61},[55,154134,66],{"class":65},[55,154136,17552],{"class":318},[55,154138,4186],{"class":65},[55,154140,704],{"class":703},[55,154142,93],{"class":75},[55,154144,20497],{"class":65},[55,154146,154147],{"class":3956},"  # blue\n",[240,154149,154150,154155],{},[243,154151,132486,154152,154154],{},[18,154153,76],{}," is the first item.",[243,154156,154157],{},"Negative indexes count from the end.",[14,154159,154160,154161,29],{},"If you need help creating tuples first, see ",[294,154162,154163],{"href":148065},"how to create a tuple in Python",[41,154165,154167],{"id":154166},"what-tuple-indexing-means","What tuple indexing means",[14,154169,154170],{},"An index is the position of an item in a tuple.",[14,154172,154173],{},"Tuple indexing works because tuples are ordered. That means each item has a fixed position.",[14,154175,11500],{},[240,154177,154178,154181,154188,154191],{},[243,154179,154180],{},"An index tells Python which item you want",[243,154182,154183,154184,19014,154186],{},"Python starts counting at ",[18,154185,76],{},[18,154187,93],{},[243,154189,154190],{},"Indexing reads one item at a time",[243,154192,154193],{},"The tuple itself does not change when you read from it",[14,154195,358],{},[46,154197,154199],{"className":48,"code":154198,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[0])\nprint(numbers[1])\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[18,154200,154201,154221,154225,154239,154253],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,154202,154203,154205,154207,154209,154211,154213,154215,154217,154219],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,154204,1168],{"class":902},[55,154206,906],{"class":703},[55,154208,9273],{"class":65},[55,154210,376],{"class":75},[55,154212,163],{"class":65},[55,154214,916],{"class":75},[55,154216,163],{"class":65},[55,154218,921],{"class":75},[55,154220,322],{"class":65},[55,154222,154223],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,154224,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,154226,154227,154229,154231,154233,154235,154237],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,154228,62],{"class":61},[55,154230,66],{"class":65},[55,154232,332],{"class":318},[55,154234,4186],{"class":65},[55,154236,76],{"class":75},[55,154238,4174],{"class":65},[55,154240,154241,154243,154245,154247,154249,154251],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,154242,62],{"class":61},[55,154244,66],{"class":65},[55,154246,332],{"class":318},[55,154248,4186],{"class":65},[55,154250,93],{"class":75},[55,154252,4174],{"class":65},[55,154254,154255,154257,154259,154261,154263,154265],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,154256,62],{"class":61},[55,154258,66],{"class":65},[55,154260,332],{"class":318},[55,154262,4186],{"class":65},[55,154264,707],{"class":75},[55,154266,4174],{"class":65},[14,154268,281],{},[46,154270,154272],{"className":48,"code":154271,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"10\n20\n30\n",[18,154273,154274,154278,154282],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,154275,154276],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,154277,2680],{"class":75},[55,154279,154280],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,154281,71297],{"class":75},[55,154283,154284],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,154285,69913],{"class":75},[14,154287,59464,154288,29],{},[294,154289,148062],{"href":148061},[41,154291,154293],{"id":154292},"how-positive-indexes-work","How positive indexes work",[14,154295,154296],{},"Positive indexes count from the beginning of the tuple.",[240,154298,154299,154304,154309],{},[243,154300,154301,154303],{},[18,154302,76],{}," = first item",[243,154305,154306,154308],{},[18,154307,93],{}," = second item",[243,154310,154311,154313],{},[18,154312,707],{}," = third item",[14,154315,154316],{},"Pattern:",[46,154318,154320],{"className":48,"code":154319,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"tuple_name[index]\n",[18,154321,154322],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,154323,154324,154326,154328,154330],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,154325,152817],{"class":902},[55,154327,4186],{"class":65},[55,154329,35906],{"class":902},[55,154331,924],{"class":65},[14,154333,358],{},[46,154335,154337],{"className":48,"code":154336,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[0])  # apple\nprint(fruits[1])  # banana\nprint(fruits[2])  # cherry\n",[18,154338,154339,154371,154375,154392,154408],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,154340,154341,154343,154345,154347,154349,154351,154353,154355,154357,154359,154361,154363,154365,154367,154369],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,154342,36300],{"class":902},[55,154344,906],{"class":703},[55,154346,9273],{"class":65},[55,154348,126],{"class":109},[55,154350,4364],{"class":129},[55,154352,126],{"class":109},[55,154354,163],{"class":65},[55,154356,793],{"class":109},[55,154358,4373],{"class":129},[55,154360,126],{"class":109},[55,154362,163],{"class":65},[55,154364,793],{"class":109},[55,154366,4382],{"class":129},[55,154368,126],{"class":109},[55,154370,322],{"class":65},[55,154372,154373],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,154374,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,154376,154377,154379,154381,154383,154385,154387,154389],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,154378,62],{"class":61},[55,154380,66],{"class":65},[55,154382,36352],{"class":318},[55,154384,4186],{"class":65},[55,154386,76],{"class":75},[55,154388,20497],{"class":65},[55,154390,154391],{"class":3956},"  # apple\n",[55,154393,154394,154396,154398,154400,154402,154404,154406],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,154395,62],{"class":61},[55,154397,66],{"class":65},[55,154399,36352],{"class":318},[55,154401,4186],{"class":65},[55,154403,93],{"class":75},[55,154405,20497],{"class":65},[55,154407,51555],{"class":3956},[55,154409,154410,154412,154414,154416,154418,154420,154422],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,154411,62],{"class":61},[55,154413,66],{"class":65},[55,154415,36352],{"class":318},[55,154417,4186],{"class":65},[55,154419,707],{"class":75},[55,154421,20497],{"class":65},[55,154423,154424],{"class":3956},"  # cherry\n",[14,154426,154427],{},"This is the most common way to access tuple items when you know the position from the start.",[41,154429,154431],{"id":154430},"how-negative-indexes-work","How negative indexes work",[14,154433,154434],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the tuple.",[240,154436,154437,154442,154447],{},[243,154438,154439,154441],{},[18,154440,65927],{}," = last item",[243,154443,154444,154446],{},[18,154445,95483],{}," = second-to-last item",[243,154448,154449,154451],{},[18,154450,47738],{}," = third-to-last item",[14,154453,358],{},[46,154455,154457],{"className":48,"code":154456,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[-1])  # cherry\nprint(fruits[-2])  # banana\nprint(fruits[-3])  # apple\n",[18,154458,154459,154491,154495,154513,154531],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,154460,154461,154463,154465,154467,154469,154471,154473,154475,154477,154479,154481,154483,154485,154487,154489],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,154462,36300],{"class":902},[55,154464,906],{"class":703},[55,154466,9273],{"class":65},[55,154468,126],{"class":109},[55,154470,4364],{"class":129},[55,154472,126],{"class":109},[55,154474,163],{"class":65},[55,154476,793],{"class":109},[55,154478,4373],{"class":129},[55,154480,126],{"class":109},[55,154482,163],{"class":65},[55,154484,793],{"class":109},[55,154486,4382],{"class":129},[55,154488,126],{"class":109},[55,154490,322],{"class":65},[55,154492,154493],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,154494,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,154496,154497,154499,154501,154503,154505,154507,154509,154511],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,154498,62],{"class":61},[55,154500,66],{"class":65},[55,154502,36352],{"class":318},[55,154504,4186],{"class":65},[55,154506,704],{"class":703},[55,154508,93],{"class":75},[55,154510,20497],{"class":65},[55,154512,154424],{"class":3956},[55,154514,154515,154517,154519,154521,154523,154525,154527,154529],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,154516,62],{"class":61},[55,154518,66],{"class":65},[55,154520,36352],{"class":318},[55,154522,4186],{"class":65},[55,154524,704],{"class":703},[55,154526,707],{"class":75},[55,154528,20497],{"class":65},[55,154530,51555],{"class":3956},[55,154532,154533,154535,154537,154539,154541,154543,154545,154547],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,154534,62],{"class":61},[55,154536,66],{"class":65},[55,154538,36352],{"class":318},[55,154540,4186],{"class":65},[55,154542,704],{"class":703},[55,154544,2366],{"class":75},[55,154546,20497],{"class":65},[55,154548,154391],{"class":3956},[14,154550,154551],{},"Negative indexing is useful when you need the last item but do not want to calculate its position manually.",[14,154553,154554],{},"This is especially helpful when the tuple size may change.",[41,154556,154558],{"id":154557},"example-with-a-simple-tuple","Example with a simple tuple",[14,154560,154561],{},"Here is a simple example that reads the first, middle, and last item from a tuple.",[46,154563,154565],{"className":48,"code":154564,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"names = (\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\")\n\nprint(names[0])   # first item\nprint(names[1])   # middle item\nprint(names[-1])  # last item\n",[18,154566,154567,154599,154603,154620,154637],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,154568,154569,154571,154573,154575,154577,154579,154581,154583,154585,154587,154589,154591,154593,154595,154597],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,154570,5281],{"class":902},[55,154572,906],{"class":703},[55,154574,9273],{"class":65},[55,154576,126],{"class":109},[55,154578,12925],{"class":129},[55,154580,126],{"class":109},[55,154582,163],{"class":65},[55,154584,793],{"class":109},[55,154586,36001],{"class":129},[55,154588,126],{"class":109},[55,154590,163],{"class":65},[55,154592,793],{"class":109},[55,154594,36010],{"class":129},[55,154596,126],{"class":109},[55,154598,322],{"class":65},[55,154600,154601],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,154602,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,154604,154605,154607,154609,154611,154613,154615,154617],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,154606,62],{"class":61},[55,154608,66],{"class":65},[55,154610,5325],{"class":318},[55,154612,4186],{"class":65},[55,154614,76],{"class":75},[55,154616,20497],{"class":65},[55,154618,154619],{"class":3956},"   # first item\n",[55,154621,154622,154624,154626,154628,154630,154632,154634],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,154623,62],{"class":61},[55,154625,66],{"class":65},[55,154627,5325],{"class":318},[55,154629,4186],{"class":65},[55,154631,93],{"class":75},[55,154633,20497],{"class":65},[55,154635,154636],{"class":3956},"   # middle item\n",[55,154638,154639,154641,154643,154645,154647,154649,154651,154653],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,154640,62],{"class":61},[55,154642,66],{"class":65},[55,154644,5325],{"class":318},[55,154646,4186],{"class":65},[55,154648,704],{"class":703},[55,154650,93],{"class":75},[55,154652,20497],{"class":65},[55,154654,154655],{"class":3956},"  # last item\n",[14,154657,281],{},[46,154659,154661],{"className":48,"code":154660,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Ana\nBen\nCara\n",[18,154662,154663,154667,154672],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,154664,154665],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,154666,50108],{"class":902},[55,154668,154669],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,154670,154671],{"class":902},"Ben\n",[55,154673,154674],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,154675,154676],{"class":902},"Cara\n",[14,154678,154679],{},"Notice that indexing only reads values. It does not modify the tuple.",[41,154681,154683],{"id":154682},"indexerror-when-the-position-does-not-exist","IndexError when the position does not exist",[14,154685,154686],{},"If you try to access an index that is outside the tuple length, Python raises an error.",[14,154688,358],{},[46,154690,154692],{"className":48,"code":154691,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(letters[5])\n",[18,154693,154694,154726,154730],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,154695,154696,154698,154700,154702,154704,154706,154708,154710,154712,154714,154716,154718,154720,154722,154724],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,154697,36151],{"class":902},[55,154699,906],{"class":703},[55,154701,9273],{"class":65},[55,154703,126],{"class":109},[55,154705,294],{"class":129},[55,154707,126],{"class":109},[55,154709,163],{"class":65},[55,154711,793],{"class":109},[55,154713,5046],{"class":129},[55,154715,126],{"class":109},[55,154717,163],{"class":65},[55,154719,793],{"class":109},[55,154721,9777],{"class":129},[55,154723,126],{"class":109},[55,154725,322],{"class":65},[55,154727,154728],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,154729,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,154731,154732,154734,154736,154738,154740,154742],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,154733,62],{"class":61},[55,154735,66],{"class":65},[55,154737,36204],{"class":318},[55,154739,4186],{"class":65},[55,154741,688],{"class":75},[55,154743,4174],{"class":65},[14,154745,281],{},[46,154747,154749],{"className":48,"code":154748,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Traceback (most recent call last):\n  ...\nIndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[18,154750,154751,154763,154768],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,154752,154753,154756,154758,154761],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,154754,154755],{"class":318},"Traceback ",[55,154757,66],{"class":65},[55,154759,154760],{"class":318},"most recent call last",[55,154762,1480],{"class":65},[55,154764,154765],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,154766,154767],{"class":34511},"  ...\n",[55,154769,154770,154772,154774,154776,154779],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,154771,70804],{"class":69},[55,154773,790],{"class":65},[55,154775,149428],{"class":69},[55,154777,154778],{"class":902}," index out of ",[55,154780,70996],{"class":61},[14,154782,154783],{},"This happens because the tuple has only 3 items, so valid positive indexes are:",[240,154785,154786,154790,154794],{},[243,154787,154788],{},[18,154789,76],{},[243,154791,154792],{},[18,154793,93],{},[243,154795,154796],{},[18,154797,707],{},[14,154799,154800,154801,29],{},"One simple way to avoid this is to check the length first with ",[294,154802,154803,154805],{"href":149300},[18,154804,42426],{}," on a tuple",[46,154807,154809],{"className":48,"code":154808,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(len(letters))  # 3\n\nif len(letters) > 2:\n    print(letters[2])\n",[18,154810,154811,154843,154847,154863,154867,154885],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,154812,154813,154815,154817,154819,154821,154823,154825,154827,154829,154831,154833,154835,154837,154839,154841],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,154814,36151],{"class":902},[55,154816,906],{"class":703},[55,154818,9273],{"class":65},[55,154820,126],{"class":109},[55,154822,294],{"class":129},[55,154824,126],{"class":109},[55,154826,163],{"class":65},[55,154828,793],{"class":109},[55,154830,5046],{"class":129},[55,154832,126],{"class":109},[55,154834,163],{"class":65},[55,154836,793],{"class":109},[55,154838,9777],{"class":129},[55,154840,126],{"class":109},[55,154842,322],{"class":65},[55,154844,154845],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,154846,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,154848,154849,154851,154853,154855,154857,154859,154861],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,154850,62],{"class":61},[55,154852,66],{"class":65},[55,154854,11202],{"class":61},[55,154856,66],{"class":65},[55,154858,36204],{"class":318},[55,154860,5645],{"class":65},[55,154862,50839],{"class":3956},[55,154864,154865],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,154866,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,154868,154869,154871,154873,154875,154877,154879,154881,154883],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,154870,38],{"class":1193},[55,154872,38449],{"class":61},[55,154874,66],{"class":65},[55,154876,36204],{"class":318},[55,154878,3953],{"class":65},[55,154880,38459],{"class":703},[55,154882,166],{"class":75},[55,154884,1199],{"class":65},[55,154886,154887,154889,154891,154893,154895,154897],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,154888,1204],{"class":61},[55,154890,66],{"class":65},[55,154892,36204],{"class":318},[55,154894,4186],{"class":65},[55,154896,707],{"class":75},[55,154898,4174],{"class":65},[14,154900,154901,154902,29],{},"If you are dealing with this error now, see ",[294,154903,25733,154905],{"href":154904},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix\u002F",[18,154906,154907],{},"IndexError: tuple index out of range",[41,154909,154911],{"id":154910},"tuple-indexing-vs-tuple-slicing","Tuple indexing vs tuple slicing",[14,154913,154914],{},"Indexing and slicing are related, but they are not the same.",[240,154916,154917,154919],{},[243,154918,76948],{},[243,154920,154921],{},"Slicing gets a range of items",[14,154923,154924],{},"Indexing example:",[46,154926,154928],{"className":48,"code":154927,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1])\n",[18,154929,154930,154954,154958],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,154931,154932,154934,154936,154938,154940,154942,154944,154946,154948,154950,154952],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,154933,1168],{"class":902},[55,154935,906],{"class":703},[55,154937,9273],{"class":65},[55,154939,376],{"class":75},[55,154941,163],{"class":65},[55,154943,916],{"class":75},[55,154945,163],{"class":65},[55,154947,921],{"class":75},[55,154949,163],{"class":65},[55,154951,50912],{"class":75},[55,154953,322],{"class":65},[55,154955,154956],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,154957,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,154959,154960,154962,154964,154966,154968,154970],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,154961,62],{"class":61},[55,154963,66],{"class":65},[55,154965,332],{"class":318},[55,154967,4186],{"class":65},[55,154969,93],{"class":75},[55,154971,4174],{"class":65},[14,154973,281],{},[46,154975,154976],{"className":48,"code":71297,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,154977,154978],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,154979,154980],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,154981,71297],{"class":75},[14,154983,154984],{},"Slicing example:",[46,154986,154988],{"className":48,"code":154987,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1:3])\n",[18,154989,154990,155014,155018],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,154991,154992,154994,154996,154998,155000,155002,155004,155006,155008,155010,155012],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,154993,1168],{"class":902},[55,154995,906],{"class":703},[55,154997,9273],{"class":65},[55,154999,376],{"class":75},[55,155001,163],{"class":65},[55,155003,916],{"class":75},[55,155005,163],{"class":65},[55,155007,921],{"class":75},[55,155009,163],{"class":65},[55,155011,50912],{"class":75},[55,155013,322],{"class":65},[55,155015,155016],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,155017,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,155019,155020,155022,155024,155026,155028,155030,155032,155034],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,155021,62],{"class":61},[55,155023,66],{"class":65},[55,155025,332],{"class":318},[55,155027,4186],{"class":65},[55,155029,93],{"class":75},[55,155031,790],{"class":65},[55,155033,2366],{"class":75},[55,155035,4174],{"class":65},[14,155037,281],{},[46,155039,155041],{"className":48,"code":155040,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"(20, 30)\n",[18,155042,155043],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,155044,155045,155047,155049,155051,155053],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,155046,66],{"class":65},[55,155048,15802],{"class":75},[55,155050,163],{"class":65},[55,155052,921],{"class":75},[55,155054,322],{"class":65},[14,155056,155057,155058,29],{},"This page focuses on getting one item by position. If you want to get multiple items, see ",[294,155059,150979],{"href":150978},[41,155061,155063],{"id":155062},"important-beginner-note-about-tuples","Important beginner note about tuples",[14,155065,155066],{},"You can read tuple items by index, but you cannot change them by index.",[14,155068,155069],{},"Tuples are immutable. That means their values cannot be changed after creation.",[14,155071,6961],{},[46,155073,155075],{"className":48,"code":155074,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors[1])\n",[18,155076,155077,155109],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,155078,155079,155081,155083,155085,155087,155089,155091,155093,155095,155097,155099,155101,155103,155105,155107],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,155080,13121],{"class":902},[55,155082,906],{"class":703},[55,155084,9273],{"class":65},[55,155086,126],{"class":109},[55,155088,13138],{"class":129},[55,155090,126],{"class":109},[55,155092,163],{"class":65},[55,155094,793],{"class":109},[55,155096,17505],{"class":129},[55,155098,126],{"class":109},[55,155100,163],{"class":65},[55,155102,793],{"class":109},[55,155104,13155],{"class":129},[55,155106,126],{"class":109},[55,155108,322],{"class":65},[55,155110,155111,155113,155115,155117,155119,155121],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,155112,62],{"class":61},[55,155114,66],{"class":65},[55,155116,17552],{"class":318},[55,155118,4186],{"class":65},[55,155120,93],{"class":75},[55,155122,4174],{"class":65},[14,155124,155125],{},"But this does not work:",[46,155127,155129],{"className":48,"code":155128,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\ncolors[1] = \"yellow\"\n",[18,155130,155131,155163],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,155132,155133,155135,155137,155139,155141,155143,155145,155147,155149,155151,155153,155155,155157,155159,155161],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,155134,13121],{"class":902},[55,155136,906],{"class":703},[55,155138,9273],{"class":65},[55,155140,126],{"class":109},[55,155142,13138],{"class":129},[55,155144,126],{"class":109},[55,155146,163],{"class":65},[55,155148,793],{"class":109},[55,155150,17505],{"class":129},[55,155152,126],{"class":109},[55,155154,163],{"class":65},[55,155156,793],{"class":109},[55,155158,13155],{"class":129},[55,155160,126],{"class":109},[55,155162,322],{"class":65},[55,155164,155165,155167,155169,155171,155173,155175,155177,155179],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,155166,17552],{"class":902},[55,155168,4186],{"class":65},[55,155170,93],{"class":75},[55,155172,13319],{"class":65},[55,155174,13322],{"class":703},[55,155176,793],{"class":109},[55,155178,22576],{"class":129},[55,155180,1052],{"class":109},[14,155182,155183],{},"Python will raise an error because tuple items cannot be reassigned.",[14,155185,155186],{},"If you need a collection where items can be changed, use a list instead.",[41,155188,1586],{"id":1585},[14,155190,155191],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with tuple indexing:",[240,155193,155194,155200,155203,155206],{},[243,155195,132790,155196,11132,155198],{},[18,155197,93],{},[18,155199,76],{},[243,155201,155202],{},"Using an index that is too large",[243,155204,155205],{},"Confusing negative indexes with subtraction",[243,155207,155208,155209],{},"Trying to assign a new value to ",[18,155210,155211],{},"tuple[index]",[14,155213,62367],{},[46,155215,155217],{"className":48,"code":155216,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(my_tuple[0])\nprint(my_tuple[-1])\nprint(type(my_tuple))\n",[18,155218,155219,155229,155243,155257,155273],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,155220,155221,155223,155225,155227],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,155222,62],{"class":61},[55,155224,66],{"class":65},[55,155226,148080],{"class":318},[55,155228,322],{"class":65},[55,155230,155231,155233,155235,155237,155239,155241],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,155232,62],{"class":61},[55,155234,66],{"class":65},[55,155236,11202],{"class":61},[55,155238,66],{"class":65},[55,155240,148080],{"class":318},[55,155242,79],{"class":65},[55,155244,155245,155247,155249,155251,155253,155255],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,155246,62],{"class":61},[55,155248,66],{"class":65},[55,155250,148080],{"class":318},[55,155252,4186],{"class":65},[55,155254,76],{"class":75},[55,155256,4174],{"class":65},[55,155258,155259,155261,155263,155265,155267,155269,155271],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,155260,62],{"class":61},[55,155262,66],{"class":65},[55,155264,148080],{"class":318},[55,155266,4186],{"class":65},[55,155268,704],{"class":703},[55,155270,93],{"class":75},[55,155272,4174],{"class":65},[55,155274,155275,155277,155279,155281,155283,155285],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,155276,62],{"class":61},[55,155278,66],{"class":65},[55,155280,1879],{"class":69},[55,155282,66],{"class":65},[55,155284,148080],{"class":318},[55,155286,79],{"class":65},[14,155288,155289],{},"These can help you confirm:",[240,155291,155292,155295,155297,155300],{},[243,155293,155294],{},"what the tuple contains",[243,155296,60856],{},[243,155298,155299],{},"what the first and last items are",[243,155301,155302],{},"whether the variable is really a tuple",[41,155304,2139],{"id":2138},[889,155306,155308],{"id":155307},"does-tuple-indexing-start-at-0","Does tuple indexing start at 0?",[14,155310,155311,155312,29],{},"Yes. The first item is at index ",[18,155313,76],{},[889,155315,155317],{"id":155316},"how-do-i-get-the-last-item-in-a-tuple","How do I get the last item in a tuple?",[14,155319,212,155320,155322],{},[18,155321,65927],{}," as the index:",[46,155324,155326],{"className":48,"code":155325,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_tuple[-1]\n",[18,155327,155328],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,155329,155330,155332,155334,155336,155338],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,155331,148080],{"class":902},[55,155333,4186],{"class":65},[55,155335,704],{"class":703},[55,155337,93],{"class":75},[55,155339,924],{"class":65},[889,155341,155343],{"id":155342},"what-happens-if-i-use-an-invalid-index","What happens if I use an invalid index?",[14,155345,155346],{},"Python raises:",[46,155348,155350],{"className":48,"code":155349,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[18,155351,155352],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,155353,155354,155356,155358,155360,155362],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,155355,70804],{"class":69},[55,155357,790],{"class":65},[55,155359,149428],{"class":69},[55,155361,154778],{"class":902},[55,155363,70996],{"class":61},[889,155365,155367],{"id":155366},"can-i-change-a-tuple-item-using-its-index","Can I change a tuple item using its index?",[14,155369,155370],{},"No. Tuples are immutable, so indexed assignment is not allowed.",[41,155372,2193],{"id":2192},[240,155374,155375,155380,155384,155388,155394],{},[243,155376,155377],{},[294,155378,155379],{"href":148065},"How to create a tuple in Python",[243,155381,155382],{},[294,155383,150979],{"href":150978},[243,155385,155386],{},[294,155387,150984],{"href":149300},[243,155389,155390],{},[294,155391,26176,155392],{"href":154904},[18,155393,154907],{},[243,155395,155396],{},[294,155397,148062],{"href":148061},[2226,155399,155400],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":155402},[155403,155404,155405,155406,155407,155408,155409,155410,155411,155412,155418],{"id":43,"depth":82,"text":44},{"id":154166,"depth":82,"text":154167},{"id":154292,"depth":82,"text":154293},{"id":154430,"depth":82,"text":154431},{"id":154557,"depth":82,"text":154558},{"id":154682,"depth":82,"text":154683},{"id":154910,"depth":82,"text":154911},{"id":155062,"depth":82,"text":155063},{"id":1585,"depth":82,"text":1586},{"id":2138,"depth":82,"text":2139,"children":155413},[155414,155415,155416,155417],{"id":155307,"depth":98,"text":155308},{"id":155316,"depth":98,"text":155317},{"id":155342,"depth":98,"text":155343},{"id":155366,"depth":98,"text":155367},{"id":2192,"depth":82,"text":2193},"Master python tuple indexing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":154023,"description":155419},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained","oh8flZok-CuLGMVXExWuVV18PBZcnk3hpgYpNXAAb9g",{"id":155425,"title":155426,"body":155427,"description":157316,"extension":2267,"meta":157317,"navigation":1121,"path":157318,"seo":157319,"stem":157320,"__hash__":157321},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len.md","Python Tuple Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":155428,"toc":157273},[155429,155435,155440,155491,155495,155503,155509,155511,155527,155529,155532,155547,155549,155562,155564,155621,155625,155633,155640,155646,155652,155656,155707,155711,155719,155723,155752,155756,155764,155768,155801,155805,155813,155817,155820,155871,155875,155883,155885,155902,155906,155910,155969,155973,155981,155984,156011,156015,156023,156027,156033,156108,156112,156149,156157,156161,156224,156228,156236,156241,156245,156251,156294,156298,156306,156312,156315,156362,156366,156374,156383,156389,156444,156448,156456,156459,156463,156465,156496,156500,156519,156522,156567,156571,156594,156600,156605,156607,156654,156659,156662,156710,156714,156722,156726,156731,156735,156785,156789,156804,156808,156866,156870,156885,156889,156960,156964,156973,156977,157056,157060,157082,157090,157092,157095,157120,157122,157175,157177,157194,157196,157200,157206,157211,157216,157220,157225,157229,157234,157240,157243,157245,157270],[10,155430,155432,155433,3953],{"id":155431},"python-tuple-length-len","Python Tuple Length (",[18,155434,11202],{},[14,155436,212,155437,155439],{},[18,155438,42426],{}," to get the number of items in a tuple.",[46,155441,155443],{"className":48,"code":155442,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[18,155444,155445,155477],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,155446,155447,155449,155451,155453,155455,155457,155459,155461,155463,155465,155467,155469,155471,155473,155475],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,155448,13121],{"class":902},[55,155450,906],{"class":703},[55,155452,9273],{"class":65},[55,155454,126],{"class":109},[55,155456,13138],{"class":129},[55,155458,126],{"class":109},[55,155460,163],{"class":65},[55,155462,793],{"class":109},[55,155464,17505],{"class":129},[55,155466,126],{"class":109},[55,155468,163],{"class":65},[55,155470,793],{"class":109},[55,155472,13155],{"class":129},[55,155474,126],{"class":109},[55,155476,322],{"class":65},[55,155478,155479,155481,155483,155485,155487,155489],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,155480,62],{"class":61},[55,155482,66],{"class":65},[55,155484,11202],{"class":61},[55,155486,66],{"class":65},[55,155488,17552],{"class":318},[55,155490,79],{"class":65},[14,155492,155493],{},[435,155494,281],{},[46,155496,155497],{"className":48,"code":46684,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,155498,155499],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,155500,155501],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,155502,46684],{"class":75},[14,155504,212,155505,155508],{},[18,155506,155507],{},"len(tuple_name)"," to count how many items are in a tuple.",[41,155510,15210],{"id":15209},[240,155512,155513,155518,155522,155525],{},[243,155514,4484,155515,155517],{},[18,155516,42426],{}," works with tuples",[243,155519,68331,155520,11748],{},[18,155521,42426],{},[243,155523,155524],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty tuples",[243,155526,4803],{},[41,155528,2460],{"id":2459},[14,155530,155531],{},"Use this pattern:",[46,155533,155535],{"className":48,"code":155534,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"len(my_tuple)\n",[18,155536,155537],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,155538,155539,155541,155543,155545],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,155540,11202],{"class":61},[55,155542,66],{"class":65},[55,155544,148080],{"class":318},[55,155546,322],{"class":65},[14,155548,11500],{},[240,155550,155551,155554,155557],{},[243,155552,155553],{},"Pass the tuple inside the parentheses",[243,155555,155556],{},"The result is an integer",[243,155558,155559,155561],{},[18,155560,42426],{}," does not change the tuple",[14,155563,358],{},[46,155565,155567],{"className":48,"code":155566,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\ncount = len(numbers)\n\nprint(count)\n",[18,155568,155569,155593,155607,155611],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,155570,155571,155573,155575,155577,155579,155581,155583,155585,155587,155589,155591],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,155572,1168],{"class":902},[55,155574,906],{"class":703},[55,155576,9273],{"class":65},[55,155578,376],{"class":75},[55,155580,163],{"class":65},[55,155582,916],{"class":75},[55,155584,163],{"class":65},[55,155586,921],{"class":75},[55,155588,163],{"class":65},[55,155590,50912],{"class":75},[55,155592,322],{"class":65},[55,155594,155595,155597,155599,155601,155603,155605],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,155596,41306],{"class":902},[55,155598,906],{"class":703},[55,155600,38449],{"class":61},[55,155602,66],{"class":65},[55,155604,332],{"class":318},[55,155606,322],{"class":65},[55,155608,155609],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,155610,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,155612,155613,155615,155617,155619],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,155614,62],{"class":61},[55,155616,66],{"class":65},[55,155618,41324],{"class":318},[55,155620,322],{"class":65},[14,155622,155623],{},[435,155624,281],{},[46,155626,155627],{"className":48,"code":48718,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,155628,155629],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,155630,155631],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,155632,48718],{"class":75},[14,155634,155635,155636,29],{},"If you want a broader explanation of this built-in function, see ",[294,155637,3871,155638,3804],{"href":42423},[18,155639,42426],{},[41,155641,3970,155643,155645],{"id":155642},"what-len-returns-for-a-tuple",[18,155644,42426],{}," returns for a tuple",[14,155647,155648,155649,155651],{},"For a tuple, ",[18,155650,42426],{}," returns the number of items in the tuple.",[889,155653,155655],{"id":155654},"regular-tuple","Regular tuple",[46,155657,155659],{"className":48,"code":155658,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\nprint(len(fruits))\n",[18,155660,155661,155693],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,155662,155663,155665,155667,155669,155671,155673,155675,155677,155679,155681,155683,155685,155687,155689,155691],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,155664,36300],{"class":902},[55,155666,906],{"class":703},[55,155668,9273],{"class":65},[55,155670,126],{"class":109},[55,155672,4364],{"class":129},[55,155674,126],{"class":109},[55,155676,163],{"class":65},[55,155678,793],{"class":109},[55,155680,4373],{"class":129},[55,155682,126],{"class":109},[55,155684,163],{"class":65},[55,155686,793],{"class":109},[55,155688,33278],{"class":129},[55,155690,126],{"class":109},[55,155692,322],{"class":65},[55,155694,155695,155697,155699,155701,155703,155705],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,155696,62],{"class":61},[55,155698,66],{"class":65},[55,155700,11202],{"class":61},[55,155702,66],{"class":65},[55,155704,36352],{"class":318},[55,155706,79],{"class":65},[14,155708,155709],{},[435,155710,281],{},[46,155712,155713],{"className":48,"code":46684,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,155714,155715],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,155716,155717],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,155718,46684],{"class":75},[889,155720,155722],{"id":155721},"empty-tuple","Empty tuple",[46,155724,155726],{"className":48,"code":155725,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"empty_tuple = ()\nprint(len(empty_tuple))\n",[18,155727,155728,155737],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,155729,155730,155733,155735],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,155731,155732],{"class":902},"empty_tuple ",[55,155734,906],{"class":703},[55,155736,149404],{"class":65},[55,155738,155739,155741,155743,155745,155747,155750],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,155740,62],{"class":61},[55,155742,66],{"class":65},[55,155744,11202],{"class":61},[55,155746,66],{"class":65},[55,155748,155749],{"class":318},"empty_tuple",[55,155751,79],{"class":65},[14,155753,155754],{},[435,155755,281],{},[46,155757,155758],{"className":48,"code":47319,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,155759,155760],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,155761,155762],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,155763,47319],{"class":75},[889,155765,155767],{"id":155766},"one-item-tuple","One-item tuple",[46,155769,155771],{"className":48,"code":155770,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"single_value = (5,)\nprint(len(single_value))\n",[18,155772,155773,155786],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,155774,155775,155778,155780,155782,155784],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,155776,155777],{"class":902},"single_value ",[55,155779,906],{"class":703},[55,155781,9273],{"class":65},[55,155783,688],{"class":75},[55,155785,149418],{"class":65},[55,155787,155788,155790,155792,155794,155796,155799],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,155789,62],{"class":61},[55,155791,66],{"class":65},[55,155793,11202],{"class":61},[55,155795,66],{"class":65},[55,155797,155798],{"class":318},"single_value",[55,155800,79],{"class":65},[14,155802,155803],{},[435,155804,281],{},[46,155806,155807],{"className":48,"code":46984,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,155808,155809],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,155810,155811],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,155812,46984],{"class":75},[889,155814,155816],{"id":155815},"nested-items","Nested items",[14,155818,155819],{},"Nested values still count as one top-level item each.",[46,155821,155823],{"className":48,"code":155822,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"data = (1, (2, 3), [4, 5])\nprint(len(data))\n",[18,155824,155825,155857],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,155826,155827,155829,155831,155833,155835,155837,155839,155841,155843,155845,155847,155849,155851,155853,155855],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,155828,9202],{"class":902},[55,155830,906],{"class":703},[55,155832,9273],{"class":65},[55,155834,93],{"class":75},[55,155836,163],{"class":65},[55,155838,9273],{"class":65},[55,155840,707],{"class":75},[55,155842,163],{"class":65},[55,155844,171],{"class":75},[55,155846,9270],{"class":65},[55,155848,909],{"class":65},[55,155850,2807],{"class":75},[55,155852,163],{"class":65},[55,155854,4890],{"class":75},[55,155856,4174],{"class":65},[55,155858,155859,155861,155863,155865,155867,155869],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,155860,62],{"class":61},[55,155862,66],{"class":65},[55,155864,11202],{"class":61},[55,155866,66],{"class":65},[55,155868,9241],{"class":318},[55,155870,79],{"class":65},[14,155872,155873],{},[435,155874,281],{},[46,155876,155877],{"className":48,"code":46684,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,155878,155879],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,155880,155881],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,155882,46684],{"class":75},[14,155884,20008],{},[240,155886,155887,155892,155897],{},[243,155888,155889,155891],{},[18,155890,93],{}," is one item",[243,155893,155894,155891],{},[18,155895,155896],{},"(2, 3)",[243,155898,155899,155891],{},[18,155900,155901],{},"[4, 5]",[41,155903,155905],{"id":155904},"important-tuple-examples","Important tuple examples",[889,155907,155909],{"id":155908},"regular-tuple-with-several-values","Regular tuple with several values",[46,155911,155913],{"className":48,"code":155912,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", \"yellow\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[18,155914,155915,155955],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,155916,155917,155919,155921,155923,155925,155927,155929,155931,155933,155935,155937,155939,155941,155943,155945,155947,155949,155951,155953],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,155918,13121],{"class":902},[55,155920,906],{"class":703},[55,155922,9273],{"class":65},[55,155924,126],{"class":109},[55,155926,13138],{"class":129},[55,155928,126],{"class":109},[55,155930,163],{"class":65},[55,155932,793],{"class":109},[55,155934,17505],{"class":129},[55,155936,126],{"class":109},[55,155938,163],{"class":65},[55,155940,793],{"class":109},[55,155942,13155],{"class":129},[55,155944,126],{"class":109},[55,155946,163],{"class":65},[55,155948,793],{"class":109},[55,155950,22576],{"class":129},[55,155952,126],{"class":109},[55,155954,322],{"class":65},[55,155956,155957,155959,155961,155963,155965,155967],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,155958,62],{"class":61},[55,155960,66],{"class":65},[55,155962,11202],{"class":61},[55,155964,66],{"class":65},[55,155966,17552],{"class":318},[55,155968,79],{"class":65},[14,155970,155971],{},[435,155972,281],{},[46,155974,155975],{"className":48,"code":48718,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,155976,155977],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,155978,155979],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,155980,48718],{"class":75},[889,155982,155722],{"id":155983},"empty-tuple-1",[46,155985,155987],{"className":48,"code":155986,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = ()\nprint(len(items))\n",[18,155988,155989,155997],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,155990,155991,155993,155995],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,155992,903],{"class":902},[55,155994,906],{"class":703},[55,155996,149404],{"class":65},[55,155998,155999,156001,156003,156005,156007,156009],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,156000,62],{"class":61},[55,156002,66],{"class":65},[55,156004,11202],{"class":61},[55,156006,66],{"class":65},[55,156008,937],{"class":318},[55,156010,79],{"class":65},[14,156012,156013],{},[435,156014,281],{},[46,156016,156017],{"className":48,"code":47319,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,156018,156019],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,156020,156021],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,156022,47319],{"class":75},[889,156024,156026],{"id":156025},"single-item-tuple-with-trailing-comma","Single-item tuple with trailing comma",[14,156028,156029,156030,156032],{},"A single value in parentheses is ",[435,156031,4916],{}," always a tuple.",[46,156034,156036],{"className":48,"code":156035,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"a = (5)\nb = (5,)\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\nprint(len(b))\n",[18,156037,156038,156050,156062,156066,156080,156094],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,156039,156040,156042,156044,156046,156048],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,156041,2857],{"class":902},[55,156043,906],{"class":703},[55,156045,9273],{"class":65},[55,156047,688],{"class":75},[55,156049,322],{"class":65},[55,156051,156052,156054,156056,156058,156060],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,156053,2885],{"class":902},[55,156055,906],{"class":703},[55,156057,9273],{"class":65},[55,156059,688],{"class":75},[55,156061,149418],{"class":65},[55,156063,156064],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,156065,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,156067,156068,156070,156072,156074,156076,156078],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,156069,62],{"class":61},[55,156071,66],{"class":65},[55,156073,1879],{"class":69},[55,156075,66],{"class":65},[55,156077,294],{"class":318},[55,156079,79],{"class":65},[55,156081,156082,156084,156086,156088,156090,156092],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,156083,62],{"class":61},[55,156085,66],{"class":65},[55,156087,1879],{"class":69},[55,156089,66],{"class":65},[55,156091,5046],{"class":318},[55,156093,79],{"class":65},[55,156095,156096,156098,156100,156102,156104,156106],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,156097,62],{"class":61},[55,156099,66],{"class":65},[55,156101,11202],{"class":61},[55,156103,66],{"class":65},[55,156105,5046],{"class":318},[55,156107,79],{"class":65},[14,156109,156110],{},[435,156111,281],{},[46,156113,156115],{"className":48,"code":156114,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[18,156116,156117,156131,156145],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,156118,156119,156121,156123,156125,156127,156129],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,156120,1911],{"class":703},[55,156122,1915],{"class":1914},[55,156124,1918],{"class":109},[55,156126,2492],{"class":129},[55,156128,1923],{"class":109},[55,156130,1926],{"class":703},[55,156132,156133,156135,156137,156139,156141,156143],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,156134,1911],{"class":703},[55,156136,1915],{"class":1914},[55,156138,1918],{"class":109},[55,156140,49021],{"class":129},[55,156142,1923],{"class":109},[55,156144,1926],{"class":703},[55,156146,156147],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,156148,46984],{"class":75},[14,156150,156151,156152,4679,156155,29],{},"If you are new to tuple syntax, see ",[294,156153,156154],{"href":148065},"Python tuple: creating a tuple",[294,156156,149366],{"href":149365},[889,156158,156160],{"id":156159},"tuple-containing-lists-or-other-tuples","Tuple containing lists or other tuples",[46,156162,156164],{"className":48,"code":156163,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"mixed = (\"apple\", [1, 2], (\"x\", \"y\"))\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[18,156165,156166,156210],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,156167,156168,156170,156172,156174,156176,156178,156180,156182,156184,156186,156188,156190,156192,156194,156196,156198,156200,156202,156204,156206,156208],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,156169,59544],{"class":902},[55,156171,906],{"class":703},[55,156173,9273],{"class":65},[55,156175,126],{"class":109},[55,156177,4364],{"class":129},[55,156179,126],{"class":109},[55,156181,163],{"class":65},[55,156183,909],{"class":65},[55,156185,93],{"class":75},[55,156187,163],{"class":65},[55,156189,166],{"class":75},[55,156191,18112],{"class":65},[55,156193,9273],{"class":65},[55,156195,126],{"class":109},[55,156197,2477],{"class":129},[55,156199,126],{"class":109},[55,156201,163],{"class":65},[55,156203,793],{"class":109},[55,156205,11788],{"class":129},[55,156207,126],{"class":109},[55,156209,79],{"class":65},[55,156211,156212,156214,156216,156218,156220,156222],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,156213,62],{"class":61},[55,156215,66],{"class":65},[55,156217,11202],{"class":61},[55,156219,66],{"class":65},[55,156221,59597],{"class":318},[55,156223,79],{"class":65},[14,156225,156226],{},[435,156227,281],{},[46,156229,156230],{"className":48,"code":46684,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,156231,156232],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,156233,156234],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,156235,46684],{"class":75},[14,156237,156238,156240],{},[18,156239,42426],{}," counts the outer tuple's items only.",[41,156242,156244],{"id":156243},"things-beginners-often-misunderstand","Things beginners often misunderstand",[889,156246,156248,156250],{"id":156247},"len-counts-items-not-characters-inside-strings",[18,156249,42426],{}," counts items, not characters inside strings",[46,156252,156254],{"className":48,"code":156253,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words))\n",[18,156255,156256,156280],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,156257,156258,156260,156262,156264,156266,156268,156270,156272,156274,156276,156278],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,156259,4355],{"class":902},[55,156261,906],{"class":703},[55,156263,9273],{"class":65},[55,156265,126],{"class":109},[55,156267,63668],{"class":129},[55,156269,126],{"class":109},[55,156271,163],{"class":65},[55,156273,793],{"class":109},[55,156275,50],{"class":129},[55,156277,126],{"class":109},[55,156279,322],{"class":65},[55,156281,156282,156284,156286,156288,156290,156292],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,156283,62],{"class":61},[55,156285,66],{"class":65},[55,156287,11202],{"class":61},[55,156289,66],{"class":65},[55,156291,4399],{"class":318},[55,156293,79],{"class":65},[14,156295,156296],{},[435,156297,281],{},[46,156299,156300],{"className":48,"code":17105,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,156301,156302],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,156303,156304],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,156305,17105],{"class":75},[14,156307,156308,156309,156311],{},"This result is ",[18,156310,707],{}," because the tuple has two items.",[14,156313,156314],{},"If you check the length of one string item, that is different:",[46,156316,156318],{"className":48,"code":156317,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words[0]))\n",[18,156319,156320,156344],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,156321,156322,156324,156326,156328,156330,156332,156334,156336,156338,156340,156342],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,156323,4355],{"class":902},[55,156325,906],{"class":703},[55,156327,9273],{"class":65},[55,156329,126],{"class":109},[55,156331,63668],{"class":129},[55,156333,126],{"class":109},[55,156335,163],{"class":65},[55,156337,793],{"class":109},[55,156339,50],{"class":129},[55,156341,126],{"class":109},[55,156343,322],{"class":65},[55,156345,156346,156348,156350,156352,156354,156356,156358,156360],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,156347,62],{"class":61},[55,156349,66],{"class":65},[55,156351,11202],{"class":61},[55,156353,66],{"class":65},[55,156355,4399],{"class":318},[55,156357,4186],{"class":65},[55,156359,76],{"class":75},[55,156361,174],{"class":65},[14,156363,156364],{},[435,156365,281],{},[46,156367,156368],{"className":48,"code":17105,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,156369,156370],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,156371,156372],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,156373,17105],{"class":75},[14,156375,20822,156376,156379,156380,29],{},[18,156377,156378],{},"len(words[0])"," counts the characters in ",[18,156381,156382],{},"\"hi\"",[889,156384,156386,156388],{"id":156385},"len-counts-top-level-tuple-elements-only",[18,156387,42426],{}," counts top-level tuple elements only",[46,156390,156392],{"className":48,"code":156391,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"values = ((1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6))\nprint(len(values))\n",[18,156393,156394,156430],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,156395,156396,156398,156400,156402,156404,156406,156408,156410,156412,156414,156416,156418,156420,156422,156424,156426,156428],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,156397,4110],{"class":902},[55,156399,906],{"class":703},[55,156401,10033],{"class":65},[55,156403,93],{"class":75},[55,156405,163],{"class":65},[55,156407,166],{"class":75},[55,156409,9270],{"class":65},[55,156411,9273],{"class":65},[55,156413,2366],{"class":75},[55,156415,163],{"class":65},[55,156417,2759],{"class":75},[55,156419,9270],{"class":65},[55,156421,9273],{"class":65},[55,156423,688],{"class":75},[55,156425,163],{"class":65},[55,156427,37706],{"class":75},[55,156429,79],{"class":65},[55,156431,156432,156434,156436,156438,156440,156442],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,156433,62],{"class":61},[55,156435,66],{"class":65},[55,156437,11202],{"class":61},[55,156439,66],{"class":65},[55,156441,5642],{"class":318},[55,156443,79],{"class":65},[14,156445,156446],{},[435,156447,281],{},[46,156449,156450],{"className":48,"code":46684,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,156451,156452],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,156453,156454],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,156455,46684],{"class":75},[14,156457,156458],{},"The outer tuple contains three items.",[889,156460,156462],{"id":156461},"parentheses-alone-do-not-always-create-a-one-item-tuple","Parentheses alone do not always create a one-item tuple",[14,156464,25744],{},[46,156466,156468],{"className":48,"code":156467,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = (10)\nprint(type(value))\n",[18,156469,156470,156482],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,156471,156472,156474,156476,156478,156480],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,156473,1654],{"class":902},[55,156475,906],{"class":703},[55,156477,9273],{"class":65},[55,156479,376],{"class":75},[55,156481,322],{"class":65},[55,156483,156484,156486,156488,156490,156492,156494],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,156485,62],{"class":61},[55,156487,66],{"class":65},[55,156489,1879],{"class":69},[55,156491,66],{"class":65},[55,156493,319],{"class":318},[55,156495,79],{"class":65},[14,156497,156498],{},[435,156499,281],{},[46,156501,156503],{"className":48,"code":156502,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[18,156504,156505],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,156506,156507,156509,156511,156513,156515,156517],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,156508,1911],{"class":703},[55,156510,1915],{"class":1914},[55,156512,1918],{"class":109},[55,156514,2492],{"class":129},[55,156516,1923],{"class":109},[55,156518,1926],{"class":703},[14,156520,156521],{},"To make a one-item tuple, add a comma:",[46,156523,156525],{"className":48,"code":156524,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = (10,)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(len(value))\n",[18,156526,156527,156539,156553],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,156528,156529,156531,156533,156535,156537],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,156530,1654],{"class":902},[55,156532,906],{"class":703},[55,156534,9273],{"class":65},[55,156536,376],{"class":75},[55,156538,149418],{"class":65},[55,156540,156541,156543,156545,156547,156549,156551],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,156542,62],{"class":61},[55,156544,66],{"class":65},[55,156546,1879],{"class":69},[55,156548,66],{"class":65},[55,156550,319],{"class":318},[55,156552,79],{"class":65},[55,156554,156555,156557,156559,156561,156563,156565],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,156556,62],{"class":61},[55,156558,66],{"class":65},[55,156560,11202],{"class":61},[55,156562,66],{"class":65},[55,156564,319],{"class":318},[55,156566,79],{"class":65},[14,156568,156569],{},[435,156570,281],{},[46,156572,156574],{"className":48,"code":156573,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[18,156575,156576,156590],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,156577,156578,156580,156582,156584,156586,156588],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,156579,1911],{"class":703},[55,156581,1915],{"class":1914},[55,156583,1918],{"class":109},[55,156585,49021],{"class":129},[55,156587,1923],{"class":109},[55,156589,1926],{"class":703},[55,156591,156592],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,156593,46984],{"class":75},[889,156595,156597,156599],{"id":156596},"len-is-a-function-name-and-should-not-be-overwritten",[18,156598,11202],{}," is a function name and should not be overwritten",[14,156601,44495,156602,156604],{},[18,156603,11202],{}," as a variable name.",[14,156606,44526],{},[46,156608,156610],{"className":48,"code":156609,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"len = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[18,156611,156612,156620,156640],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,156613,156614,156616,156618],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,156615,11202],{"class":61},[55,156617,13322],{"class":703},[55,156619,2890],{"class":75},[55,156621,156622,156624,156626,156628,156630,156632,156634,156636,156638],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,156623,1168],{"class":902},[55,156625,906],{"class":703},[55,156627,9273],{"class":65},[55,156629,93],{"class":75},[55,156631,163],{"class":65},[55,156633,166],{"class":75},[55,156635,163],{"class":65},[55,156637,171],{"class":75},[55,156639,322],{"class":65},[55,156641,156642,156644,156646,156648,156650,156652],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,156643,62],{"class":61},[55,156645,66],{"class":65},[55,156647,11202],{"class":61},[55,156649,66],{"class":65},[55,156651,332],{"class":318},[55,156653,79],{"class":65},[14,156655,39717,156656,156658],{},[18,156657,11202],{}," no longer refers to the built-in function.",[14,156660,156661],{},"Use a different variable name instead:",[46,156663,156665],{"className":48,"code":156664,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"length_value = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[18,156666,156667,156676,156696],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,156668,156669,156672,156674],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,156670,156671],{"class":902},"length_value ",[55,156673,906],{"class":703},[55,156675,2890],{"class":75},[55,156677,156678,156680,156682,156684,156686,156688,156690,156692,156694],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,156679,1168],{"class":902},[55,156681,906],{"class":703},[55,156683,9273],{"class":65},[55,156685,93],{"class":75},[55,156687,163],{"class":65},[55,156689,166],{"class":75},[55,156691,163],{"class":65},[55,156693,171],{"class":75},[55,156695,322],{"class":65},[55,156697,156698,156700,156702,156704,156706,156708],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,156699,62],{"class":61},[55,156701,66],{"class":65},[55,156703,11202],{"class":61},[55,156705,66],{"class":65},[55,156707,332],{"class":318},[55,156709,79],{"class":65},[14,156711,156712],{},[435,156713,281],{},[46,156715,156716],{"className":48,"code":46684,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,156717,156718],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,156719,156720],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,156721,46684],{"class":75},[41,156723,156725],{"id":156724},"when-this-is-useful","When this is useful",[14,156727,156728,156730],{},[18,156729,42426],{}," is helpful when you need to work with tuple size.",[889,156732,156734],{"id":156733},"checking-whether-a-tuple-is-empty","Checking whether a tuple is empty",[46,156736,156738],{"className":48,"code":156737,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"items = ()\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The tuple is empty\")\n",[18,156739,156740,156748,156752,156770],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,156741,156742,156744,156746],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,156743,903],{"class":902},[55,156745,906],{"class":703},[55,156747,149404],{"class":65},[55,156749,156750],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,156751,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,156753,156754,156756,156758,156760,156762,156764,156766,156768],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,156755,38],{"class":1193},[55,156757,38449],{"class":61},[55,156759,66],{"class":65},[55,156761,937],{"class":318},[55,156763,3953],{"class":65},[55,156765,6684],{"class":703},[55,156767,4121],{"class":75},[55,156769,1199],{"class":65},[55,156771,156772,156774,156776,156778,156781,156783],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,156773,1204],{"class":61},[55,156775,66],{"class":65},[55,156777,126],{"class":109},[55,156779,156780],{"class":129},"The tuple is empty",[55,156782,126],{"class":109},[55,156784,322],{"class":65},[14,156786,156787],{},[435,156788,281],{},[46,156790,156792],{"className":48,"code":156791,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"The tuple is empty\n",[18,156793,156794],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,156795,156796,156798,156800,156802],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,156797,16],{"class":902},[55,156799,49021],{"class":69},[55,156801,1232],{"class":703},[55,156803,1238],{"class":902},[889,156805,156807],{"id":156806},"validating-how-many-values-were-stored","Validating how many values were stored",[46,156809,156811],{"className":48,"code":156810,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"point = (4, 7)\n\nif len(point) == 2:\n    print(\"This looks like an x, y coordinate\")\n",[18,156812,156813,156829,156833,156851],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,156814,156815,156817,156819,156821,156823,156825,156827],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,156816,51454],{"class":902},[55,156818,906],{"class":703},[55,156820,9273],{"class":65},[55,156822,2807],{"class":75},[55,156824,163],{"class":65},[55,156826,6272],{"class":75},[55,156828,322],{"class":65},[55,156830,156831],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,156832,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,156834,156835,156837,156839,156841,156843,156845,156847,156849],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,156836,38],{"class":1193},[55,156838,38449],{"class":61},[55,156840,66],{"class":65},[55,156842,51479],{"class":318},[55,156844,3953],{"class":65},[55,156846,6684],{"class":703},[55,156848,166],{"class":75},[55,156850,1199],{"class":65},[55,156852,156853,156855,156857,156859,156862,156864],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,156854,1204],{"class":61},[55,156856,66],{"class":65},[55,156858,126],{"class":109},[55,156860,156861],{"class":129},"This looks like an x, y coordinate",[55,156863,126],{"class":109},[55,156865,322],{"class":65},[14,156867,156868],{},[435,156869,281],{},[46,156871,156873],{"className":48,"code":156872,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"This looks like an x, y coordinate\n",[18,156874,156875],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,156876,156877,156880,156882],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,156878,156879],{"class":902},"This looks like an x",[55,156881,163],{"class":65},[55,156883,156884],{"class":902}," y coordinate\n",[889,156886,156888],{"id":156887},"using-tuple-size-in-conditions","Using tuple size in conditions",[46,156890,156892],{"className":48,"code":156891,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"user = (\"Ana\", 25, \"Canada\")\n\nif len(user) == 3:\n    print(\"User record has the expected number of values\")\n",[18,156893,156894,156923,156927,156945],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,156895,156896,156898,156900,156902,156904,156906,156908,156910,156912,156914,156916,156919,156921],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,156897,11530],{"class":902},[55,156899,906],{"class":703},[55,156901,9273],{"class":65},[55,156903,126],{"class":109},[55,156905,12925],{"class":129},[55,156907,126],{"class":109},[55,156909,163],{"class":65},[55,156911,9343],{"class":75},[55,156913,163],{"class":65},[55,156915,793],{"class":109},[55,156917,156918],{"class":129},"Canada",[55,156920,126],{"class":109},[55,156922,322],{"class":65},[55,156924,156925],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,156926,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,156928,156929,156931,156933,156935,156937,156939,156941,156943],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,156930,38],{"class":1193},[55,156932,38449],{"class":61},[55,156934,66],{"class":65},[55,156936,11624],{"class":318},[55,156938,3953],{"class":65},[55,156940,6684],{"class":703},[55,156942,171],{"class":75},[55,156944,1199],{"class":65},[55,156946,156947,156949,156951,156953,156956,156958],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,156948,1204],{"class":61},[55,156950,66],{"class":65},[55,156952,126],{"class":109},[55,156954,156955],{"class":129},"User record has the expected number of values",[55,156957,126],{"class":109},[55,156959,322],{"class":65},[14,156961,156962],{},[435,156963,281],{},[46,156965,156967],{"className":48,"code":156966,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"User record has the expected number of values\n",[18,156968,156969],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,156970,156971],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,156972,156966],{"class":902},[889,156974,156976],{"id":156975},"looping-based-on-the-number-of-items","Looping based on the number of items",[46,156978,156980],{"className":48,"code":156979,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nfor i in range(len(letters)):\n    print(i, letters[i])\n",[18,156981,156982,157014,157018,157038],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,156983,156984,156986,156988,156990,156992,156994,156996,156998,157000,157002,157004,157006,157008,157010,157012],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,156985,36151],{"class":902},[55,156987,906],{"class":703},[55,156989,9273],{"class":65},[55,156991,126],{"class":109},[55,156993,294],{"class":129},[55,156995,126],{"class":109},[55,156997,163],{"class":65},[55,156999,793],{"class":109},[55,157001,5046],{"class":129},[55,157003,126],{"class":109},[55,157005,163],{"class":65},[55,157007,793],{"class":109},[55,157009,9777],{"class":129},[55,157011,126],{"class":109},[55,157013,322],{"class":65},[55,157015,157016],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,157017,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,157019,157020,157022,157024,157026,157028,157030,157032,157034,157036],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,157021,6236],{"class":1193},[55,157023,69621],{"class":902},[55,157025,4168],{"class":1193},[55,157027,54140],{"class":61},[55,157029,66],{"class":65},[55,157031,11202],{"class":61},[55,157033,66],{"class":65},[55,157035,36204],{"class":318},[55,157037,69636],{"class":65},[55,157039,157040,157042,157044,157046,157048,157050,157052,157054],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,157041,1204],{"class":61},[55,157043,66],{"class":65},[55,157045,36215],{"class":318},[55,157047,163],{"class":65},[55,157049,70169],{"class":318},[55,157051,4186],{"class":65},[55,157053,36215],{"class":318},[55,157055,4174],{"class":65},[14,157057,157058],{},[435,157059,281],{},[46,157061,157062],{"className":48,"code":36227,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,157063,157064,157070,157076],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,157065,157066,157068],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,157067,76],{"class":75},[55,157069,36236],{"class":902},[55,157071,157072,157074],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,157073,93],{"class":75},[55,157075,36243],{"class":902},[55,157077,157078,157080],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,157079,707],{"class":75},[55,157081,36250],{"class":902},[14,157083,157084,157085,157087,157088,29],{},"If you want to access values by position, read ",[294,157086,149735],{"href":149734},". To work with parts of a tuple, see ",[294,157089,150979],{"href":150978},[41,157091,1586],{"id":1585},[14,157093,157094],{},"These are some common causes of confusion:",[240,157096,157097,157105,157112,157117],{},[243,157098,157099,157100,11132,157103],{},"Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple, such as writing ",[18,157101,157102],{},"(5)",[18,157104,149569],{},[243,157106,1556,157107,157109,157110],{},[18,157108,11202],{}," as a variable name and then trying to call ",[18,157111,42426],{},[243,157113,1595,157114,157116],{},[18,157115,42426],{}," to count characters across all tuple items",[243,157118,157119],{},"Passing a non-tuple value by mistake",[14,157121,32139],{},[46,157123,157125],{"className":48,"code":157124,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nhelp(len)\n",[18,157126,157127,157137,157151,157165],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,157128,157129,157131,157133,157135],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,157130,62],{"class":61},[55,157132,66],{"class":65},[55,157134,148080],{"class":318},[55,157136,322],{"class":65},[55,157138,157139,157141,157143,157145,157147,157149],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,157140,62],{"class":61},[55,157142,66],{"class":65},[55,157144,1879],{"class":69},[55,157146,66],{"class":65},[55,157148,148080],{"class":318},[55,157150,79],{"class":65},[55,157152,157153,157155,157157,157159,157161,157163],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,157154,62],{"class":61},[55,157156,66],{"class":65},[55,157158,11202],{"class":61},[55,157160,66],{"class":65},[55,157162,148080],{"class":318},[55,157164,79],{"class":65},[55,157166,157167,157169,157171,157173],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,157168,32209],{"class":61},[55,157170,66],{"class":65},[55,157172,11202],{"class":61},[55,157174,322],{"class":65},[14,157176,155289],{},[240,157178,157179,157182,157185,157189],{},[243,157180,157181],{},"what value you are using",[243,157183,157184],{},"whether it is really a tuple",[243,157186,26073,157187,11748],{},[18,157188,42426],{},[243,157190,123453,157191,157193],{},[18,157192,42426],{}," is documented in Python",[41,157195,2139],{"id":2138},[889,157197,157199],{"id":157198},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-tuple-in-python","How do I get the length of a tuple in Python?",[14,157201,212,157202,157205],{},[18,157203,157204],{},"len(your_tuple)",". It returns the number of items in the tuple.",[889,157207,12748,157209,149239],{"id":157208},"does-len-change-the-tuple",[18,157210,42426],{},[14,157212,46432,157213,157215],{},[18,157214,42426],{}," only returns a count. It does not modify the tuple.",[889,157217,157219],{"id":157218},"what-is-the-length-of-an-empty-tuple","What is the length of an empty tuple?",[14,157221,157222,157223,29],{},"The length is ",[18,157224,76],{},[889,157226,157228],{"id":157227},"how-do-i-make-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I make a tuple with one item?",[14,157230,150925,157231,157233],{},[18,157232,150928],{},". Without the comma, Python does not treat it as a one-item tuple.",[889,157235,12748,157237,157239],{"id":157236},"does-len-count-items-inside-nested-tuples",[18,157238,42426],{}," count items inside nested tuples?",[14,157241,157242],{},"It counts only the top-level items in the outer tuple.",[41,157244,2193],{"id":2192},[240,157246,157247,157253,157257,157261,157265],{},[243,157248,157249],{},[294,157250,3871,157251,3804],{"href":42423},[18,157252,42426],{},[243,157254,157255],{},[294,157256,156154],{"href":148065},[243,157258,157259],{},[294,157260,149735],{"href":149734},[243,157262,157263],{},[294,157264,150979],{"href":150978},[243,157266,157267],{},[294,157268,157269],{"href":149365},"What is a tuple in Python",[2226,157271,157272],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":157274},[157275,157276,157277,157284,157290,157299,157305,157306,157315],{"id":15209,"depth":82,"text":15210},{"id":2459,"depth":82,"text":2460},{"id":155642,"depth":82,"text":157278,"children":157279},"What len() returns for a tuple",[157280,157281,157282,157283],{"id":155654,"depth":98,"text":155655},{"id":155721,"depth":98,"text":155722},{"id":155766,"depth":98,"text":155767},{"id":155815,"depth":98,"text":155816},{"id":155904,"depth":82,"text":155905,"children":157285},[157286,157287,157288,157289],{"id":155908,"depth":98,"text":155909},{"id":155983,"depth":98,"text":155722},{"id":156025,"depth":98,"text":156026},{"id":156159,"depth":98,"text":156160},{"id":156243,"depth":82,"text":156244,"children":157291},[157292,157294,157296,157297],{"id":156247,"depth":98,"text":157293},"len() counts items, not characters inside strings",{"id":156385,"depth":98,"text":157295},"len() counts top-level tuple elements only",{"id":156461,"depth":98,"text":156462},{"id":156596,"depth":98,"text":157298},"len is a function name and should not be overwritten",{"id":156724,"depth":82,"text":156725,"children":157300},[157301,157302,157303,157304],{"id":156733,"depth":98,"text":156734},{"id":156806,"depth":98,"text":156807},{"id":156887,"depth":98,"text":156888},{"id":156975,"depth":98,"text":156976},{"id":1585,"depth":82,"text":1586},{"id":2138,"depth":82,"text":2139,"children":157307},[157308,157309,157311,157312,157313],{"id":157198,"depth":98,"text":157199},{"id":157208,"depth":98,"text":157310},"Does len() change the tuple?",{"id":157218,"depth":98,"text":157219},{"id":157227,"depth":98,"text":157228},{"id":157236,"depth":98,"text":157314},"Does len() count items inside nested tuples?",{"id":2192,"depth":82,"text":2193},"Master python tuple length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len",{"title":155426,"description":157316},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len","g9bXnSTfHR3GhI-V2fOG-ILQ3BF1aF8i67PNhSzLJFU",{"id":157323,"title":157324,"body":157325,"description":159710,"extension":2267,"meta":159711,"navigation":1121,"path":159712,"seo":159713,"stem":159714,"__hash__":159715},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained.md","Python Tuple Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":157326,"toc":159671},[157327,157330,157333,157336,157359,157365,157367,157478,157482,157485,157495,157497,157596,157598,157675,157681,157685,157688,157711,157714,157731,157734,157736,157799,157801,157818,157829,157834,157836,157839,157845,157896,157898,157918,157922,157973,157975,157996,158000,158055,158057,158078,158082,158137,158139,158160,158164,158217,158219,158248,158250,158252,158255,158259,158316,158318,158339,158343,158396,158398,158423,158428,158432,158437,158455,158458,158521,158523,158544,158547,158608,158610,158631,158634,158677,158680,158684,158689,158693,158772,158774,158805,158809,158884,158886,158913,158917,158964,158966,158974,158979,158983,158986,159001,159003,159091,159093,159118,159121,159164,159173,159175,159178,159193,159196,159200,159254,159256,159276,159281,159285,159287,159325,159328,159378,159382,159455,159457,159494,159497,159499,159502,159522,159525,159594,159596,159609,159611,159615,159618,159622,159625,159630,159633,159639,159644,159646,159668],[10,157328,157324],{"id":157329},"python-tuple-slicing-explained",[14,157331,157332],{},"Tuple slicing lets you get part of a tuple by using square brackets and colons. It is a simple way to take a range of values, skip values with a step, or reverse a tuple.",[14,157334,157335],{},"Use this format:",[46,157337,157339],{"className":48,"code":157338,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[18,157340,157341],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,157342,157343,157345,157347,157349,157351,157353,157355,157357],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,157344,49021],{"class":902},[55,157346,4186],{"class":65},[55,157348,36133],{"class":902},[55,157350,790],{"class":65},[55,157352,75499],{"class":902},[55,157354,790],{"class":65},[55,157356,75502],{"class":902},[55,157358,924],{"class":65},[14,157360,16,157361,75535,157363,29],{},[18,157362,75499],{},[435,157364,65142],{},[41,157366,2308],{"id":2307},[46,157368,157370],{"className":48,"code":157369,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # (20, 30, 40)\nprint(numbers[:3])    # (10, 20, 30)\nprint(numbers[::2])   # (10, 30, 50)\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[18,157371,157372,157400,157404,157425,157442,157459],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,157373,157374,157376,157378,157380,157382,157384,157386,157388,157390,157392,157394,157396,157398],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,157375,1168],{"class":902},[55,157377,906],{"class":703},[55,157379,9273],{"class":65},[55,157381,376],{"class":75},[55,157383,163],{"class":65},[55,157385,916],{"class":75},[55,157387,163],{"class":65},[55,157389,921],{"class":75},[55,157391,163],{"class":65},[55,157393,50912],{"class":75},[55,157395,163],{"class":65},[55,157397,5367],{"class":75},[55,157399,322],{"class":65},[55,157401,157402],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,157403,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,157405,157406,157408,157410,157412,157414,157416,157418,157420,157422],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,157407,62],{"class":61},[55,157409,66],{"class":65},[55,157411,332],{"class":318},[55,157413,4186],{"class":65},[55,157415,93],{"class":75},[55,157417,790],{"class":65},[55,157419,2807],{"class":75},[55,157421,20497],{"class":65},[55,157423,157424],{"class":3956},"   # (20, 30, 40)\n",[55,157426,157427,157429,157431,157433,157435,157437,157439],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,157428,62],{"class":61},[55,157430,66],{"class":65},[55,157432,332],{"class":318},[55,157434,75608],{"class":65},[55,157436,2366],{"class":75},[55,157438,20497],{"class":65},[55,157440,157441],{"class":3956},"    # (10, 20, 30)\n",[55,157443,157444,157446,157448,157450,157452,157454,157456],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,157445,62],{"class":61},[55,157447,66],{"class":65},[55,157449,332],{"class":318},[55,157451,74195],{"class":65},[55,157453,707],{"class":75},[55,157455,20497],{"class":65},[55,157457,157458],{"class":3956},"   # (10, 30, 50)\n",[55,157460,157461,157463,157465,157467,157469,157471,157473,157475],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,157462,62],{"class":61},[55,157464,66],{"class":65},[55,157466,332],{"class":318},[55,157468,74195],{"class":65},[55,157470,704],{"class":703},[55,157472,93],{"class":75},[55,157474,20497],{"class":65},[55,157476,157477],{"class":3956},"  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[41,157479,157481],{"id":157480},"what-tuple-slicing-means","What tuple slicing means",[14,157483,157484],{},"Slicing gets part of a tuple.",[240,157486,157487,157489,157492],{},[243,157488,75802],{},[243,157490,157491],{},"The result is a new tuple",[243,157493,157494],{},"It does not change the original tuple",[14,157496,358],{},[46,157498,157500],{"className":48,"code":157499,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\")\n\npart = letters[1:4]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(letters)\n",[18,157501,157502,157550,157554,157572,157576,157586],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,157503,157504,157506,157508,157510,157512,157514,157516,157518,157520,157522,157524,157526,157528,157530,157532,157534,157536,157538,157540,157542,157544,157546,157548],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,157505,36151],{"class":902},[55,157507,906],{"class":703},[55,157509,9273],{"class":65},[55,157511,126],{"class":109},[55,157513,294],{"class":129},[55,157515,126],{"class":109},[55,157517,163],{"class":65},[55,157519,793],{"class":109},[55,157521,5046],{"class":129},[55,157523,126],{"class":109},[55,157525,163],{"class":65},[55,157527,793],{"class":109},[55,157529,9777],{"class":129},[55,157531,126],{"class":109},[55,157533,163],{"class":65},[55,157535,793],{"class":109},[55,157537,18818],{"class":129},[55,157539,126],{"class":109},[55,157541,163],{"class":65},[55,157543,793],{"class":109},[55,157545,60519],{"class":129},[55,157547,126],{"class":109},[55,157549,322],{"class":65},[55,157551,157552],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,157553,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,157555,157556,157558,157560,157562,157564,157566,157568,157570],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,157557,75732],{"class":902},[55,157559,906],{"class":703},[55,157561,70169],{"class":902},[55,157563,4186],{"class":65},[55,157565,93],{"class":75},[55,157567,790],{"class":65},[55,157569,2807],{"class":75},[55,157571,924],{"class":65},[55,157573,157574],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,157575,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,157577,157578,157580,157582,157584],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,157579,62],{"class":61},[55,157581,66],{"class":65},[55,157583,75755],{"class":318},[55,157585,322],{"class":65},[55,157587,157588,157590,157592,157594],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,157589,62],{"class":61},[55,157591,66],{"class":65},[55,157593,36204],{"class":318},[55,157595,322],{"class":65},[14,157597,281],{},[46,157599,157601],{"className":48,"code":157600,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"('b', 'c', 'd')\n('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e')\n",[18,157602,157603,157631],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,157604,157605,157607,157609,157611,157613,157615,157617,157619,157621,157623,157625,157627,157629],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,157606,66],{"class":65},[55,157608,1923],{"class":109},[55,157610,5046],{"class":129},[55,157612,1923],{"class":109},[55,157614,163],{"class":65},[55,157616,1918],{"class":109},[55,157618,9777],{"class":129},[55,157620,1923],{"class":109},[55,157622,163],{"class":65},[55,157624,1918],{"class":109},[55,157626,18818],{"class":129},[55,157628,1923],{"class":109},[55,157630,322],{"class":65},[55,157632,157633,157635,157637,157639,157641,157643,157645,157647,157649,157651,157653,157655,157657,157659,157661,157663,157665,157667,157669,157671,157673],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,157634,66],{"class":65},[55,157636,1923],{"class":109},[55,157638,294],{"class":129},[55,157640,1923],{"class":109},[55,157642,163],{"class":65},[55,157644,1918],{"class":109},[55,157646,5046],{"class":129},[55,157648,1923],{"class":109},[55,157650,163],{"class":65},[55,157652,1918],{"class":109},[55,157654,9777],{"class":129},[55,157656,1923],{"class":109},[55,157658,163],{"class":65},[55,157660,1918],{"class":109},[55,157662,18818],{"class":129},[55,157664,1923],{"class":109},[55,157666,163],{"class":65},[55,157668,1918],{"class":109},[55,157670,60519],{"class":129},[55,157672,1923],{"class":109},[55,157674,322],{"class":65},[14,157676,157677,157678,29],{},"The original tuple stays the same because tuples are immutable. If you are new to tuples, see ",[294,157679,148062],{"href":157680},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained",[41,157682,157684],{"id":157683},"basic-slice-syntax","Basic slice syntax",[14,157686,157687],{},"The full syntax is:",[46,157689,157691],{"className":48,"code":157690,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"my_tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[18,157692,157693],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,157694,157695,157697,157699,157701,157703,157705,157707,157709],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,157696,148080],{"class":902},[55,157698,4186],{"class":65},[55,157700,36133],{"class":902},[55,157702,790],{"class":65},[55,157704,75499],{"class":902},[55,157706,790],{"class":65},[55,157708,75502],{"class":902},[55,157710,924],{"class":65},[14,157712,157713],{},"Each part has a job:",[240,157715,157716,157721,157726],{},[243,157717,157718,157720],{},[18,157719,36133],{},": where slicing begins",[243,157722,157723,157725],{},[18,157724,75499],{},": where slicing ends, but that index is not included",[243,157727,157728,157730],{},[18,157729,75502],{},": how many positions to move each time",[14,157732,157733],{},"All three parts are optional.",[14,157735,358],{},[46,157737,157739],{"className":48,"code":157738,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:5:2])\n",[18,157740,157741,157773,157777],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,157742,157743,157745,157747,157749,157751,157753,157755,157757,157759,157761,157763,157765,157767,157769,157771],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,157744,1168],{"class":902},[55,157746,906],{"class":703},[55,157748,9273],{"class":65},[55,157750,376],{"class":75},[55,157752,163],{"class":65},[55,157754,916],{"class":75},[55,157756,163],{"class":65},[55,157758,921],{"class":75},[55,157760,163],{"class":65},[55,157762,50912],{"class":75},[55,157764,163],{"class":65},[55,157766,5367],{"class":75},[55,157768,163],{"class":65},[55,157770,76173],{"class":75},[55,157772,322],{"class":65},[55,157774,157775],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,157776,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,157778,157779,157781,157783,157785,157787,157789,157791,157793,157795,157797],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,157780,62],{"class":61},[55,157782,66],{"class":65},[55,157784,332],{"class":318},[55,157786,4186],{"class":65},[55,157788,93],{"class":75},[55,157790,790],{"class":65},[55,157792,688],{"class":75},[55,157794,790],{"class":65},[55,157796,707],{"class":75},[55,157798,4174],{"class":65},[14,157800,281],{},[46,157802,157804],{"className":48,"code":157803,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"(20, 40)\n",[18,157805,157806],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,157807,157808,157810,157812,157814,157816],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,157809,66],{"class":65},[55,157811,15802],{"class":75},[55,157813,163],{"class":65},[55,157815,50912],{"class":75},[55,157817,322],{"class":65},[14,157819,157820,157821,157823,157824,157826,157827,29],{},"This starts at index ",[18,157822,93],{},", stops before index ",[18,157825,688],{},", and moves by ",[18,157828,707],{},[14,157830,157831,157832,29],{},"If you need a refresher on getting a single value, read ",[294,157833,149735],{"href":153161},[41,157835,76089],{"id":76088},[14,157837,157838],{},"These are the most common tuple slice patterns you will use.",[889,157840,157842,157843,6244],{"id":157841},"get-the-first-n-items","Get the first ",[18,157844,76103],{},[46,157846,157848],{"className":48,"code":157847,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:3])\n",[18,157849,157850,157878,157882],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,157851,157852,157854,157856,157858,157860,157862,157864,157866,157868,157870,157872,157874,157876],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,157853,1168],{"class":902},[55,157855,906],{"class":703},[55,157857,9273],{"class":65},[55,157859,376],{"class":75},[55,157861,163],{"class":65},[55,157863,916],{"class":75},[55,157865,163],{"class":65},[55,157867,921],{"class":75},[55,157869,163],{"class":65},[55,157871,50912],{"class":75},[55,157873,163],{"class":65},[55,157875,5367],{"class":75},[55,157877,322],{"class":65},[55,157879,157880],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,157881,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,157883,157884,157886,157888,157890,157892,157894],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,157885,62],{"class":61},[55,157887,66],{"class":65},[55,157889,332],{"class":318},[55,157891,75608],{"class":65},[55,157893,2366],{"class":75},[55,157895,4174],{"class":65},[14,157897,281],{},[46,157899,157900],{"className":48,"code":151427,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,157901,157902],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,157903,157904,157906,157908,157910,157912,157914,157916],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,157905,66],{"class":65},[55,157907,376],{"class":75},[55,157909,163],{"class":65},[55,157911,916],{"class":75},[55,157913,163],{"class":65},[55,157915,921],{"class":75},[55,157917,322],{"class":65},[889,157919,157921],{"id":157920},"get-items-from-an-index-to-the-end","Get items from an index to the end",[46,157923,157925],{"className":48,"code":157924,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[2:])\n",[18,157926,157927,157955,157959],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,157928,157929,157931,157933,157935,157937,157939,157941,157943,157945,157947,157949,157951,157953],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,157930,1168],{"class":902},[55,157932,906],{"class":703},[55,157934,9273],{"class":65},[55,157936,376],{"class":75},[55,157938,163],{"class":65},[55,157940,916],{"class":75},[55,157942,163],{"class":65},[55,157944,921],{"class":75},[55,157946,163],{"class":65},[55,157948,50912],{"class":75},[55,157950,163],{"class":65},[55,157952,5367],{"class":75},[55,157954,322],{"class":65},[55,157956,157957],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,157958,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,157960,157961,157963,157965,157967,157969,157971],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,157962,62],{"class":61},[55,157964,66],{"class":65},[55,157966,332],{"class":318},[55,157968,4186],{"class":65},[55,157970,707],{"class":75},[55,157972,77789],{"class":65},[14,157974,281],{},[46,157976,157978],{"className":48,"code":157977,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"(30, 40, 50)\n",[18,157979,157980],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,157981,157982,157984,157986,157988,157990,157992,157994],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,157983,66],{"class":65},[55,157985,36903],{"class":75},[55,157987,163],{"class":65},[55,157989,50912],{"class":75},[55,157991,163],{"class":65},[55,157993,5367],{"class":75},[55,157995,322],{"class":65},[889,157997,157999],{"id":157998},"get-a-range-of-items","Get a range of items",[46,158001,158003],{"className":48,"code":158002,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[18,158004,158005,158033,158037],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,158006,158007,158009,158011,158013,158015,158017,158019,158021,158023,158025,158027,158029,158031],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,158008,1168],{"class":902},[55,158010,906],{"class":703},[55,158012,9273],{"class":65},[55,158014,376],{"class":75},[55,158016,163],{"class":65},[55,158018,916],{"class":75},[55,158020,163],{"class":65},[55,158022,921],{"class":75},[55,158024,163],{"class":65},[55,158026,50912],{"class":75},[55,158028,163],{"class":65},[55,158030,5367],{"class":75},[55,158032,322],{"class":65},[55,158034,158035],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,158036,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,158038,158039,158041,158043,158045,158047,158049,158051,158053],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,158040,62],{"class":61},[55,158042,66],{"class":65},[55,158044,332],{"class":318},[55,158046,4186],{"class":65},[55,158048,93],{"class":75},[55,158050,790],{"class":65},[55,158052,2807],{"class":75},[55,158054,4174],{"class":65},[14,158056,281],{},[46,158058,158060],{"className":48,"code":158059,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"(20, 30, 40)\n",[18,158061,158062],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,158063,158064,158066,158068,158070,158072,158074,158076],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,158065,66],{"class":65},[55,158067,15802],{"class":75},[55,158069,163],{"class":65},[55,158071,921],{"class":75},[55,158073,163],{"class":65},[55,158075,50912],{"class":75},[55,158077,322],{"class":65},[889,158079,158081],{"id":158080},"get-every-second-item","Get every second item",[46,158083,158085],{"className":48,"code":158084,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[::2])\n",[18,158086,158087,158119,158123],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,158088,158089,158091,158093,158095,158097,158099,158101,158103,158105,158107,158109,158111,158113,158115,158117],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,158090,1168],{"class":902},[55,158092,906],{"class":703},[55,158094,9273],{"class":65},[55,158096,376],{"class":75},[55,158098,163],{"class":65},[55,158100,916],{"class":75},[55,158102,163],{"class":65},[55,158104,921],{"class":75},[55,158106,163],{"class":65},[55,158108,50912],{"class":75},[55,158110,163],{"class":65},[55,158112,5367],{"class":75},[55,158114,163],{"class":65},[55,158116,76173],{"class":75},[55,158118,322],{"class":65},[55,158120,158121],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,158122,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,158124,158125,158127,158129,158131,158133,158135],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,158126,62],{"class":61},[55,158128,66],{"class":65},[55,158130,332],{"class":318},[55,158132,74195],{"class":65},[55,158134,707],{"class":75},[55,158136,4174],{"class":65},[14,158138,281],{},[46,158140,158142],{"className":48,"code":158141,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"(10, 30, 50)\n",[18,158143,158144],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,158145,158146,158148,158150,158152,158154,158156,158158],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,158147,66],{"class":65},[55,158149,376],{"class":75},[55,158151,163],{"class":65},[55,158153,921],{"class":75},[55,158155,163],{"class":65},[55,158157,5367],{"class":75},[55,158159,322],{"class":65},[889,158161,158163],{"id":158162},"reverse-a-tuple","Reverse a tuple",[46,158165,158167],{"className":48,"code":158166,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[::-1])\n",[18,158168,158169,158197,158201],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,158170,158171,158173,158175,158177,158179,158181,158183,158185,158187,158189,158191,158193,158195],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,158172,1168],{"class":902},[55,158174,906],{"class":703},[55,158176,9273],{"class":65},[55,158178,376],{"class":75},[55,158180,163],{"class":65},[55,158182,916],{"class":75},[55,158184,163],{"class":65},[55,158186,921],{"class":75},[55,158188,163],{"class":65},[55,158190,50912],{"class":75},[55,158192,163],{"class":65},[55,158194,5367],{"class":75},[55,158196,322],{"class":65},[55,158198,158199],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,158200,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,158202,158203,158205,158207,158209,158211,158213,158215],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,158204,62],{"class":61},[55,158206,66],{"class":65},[55,158208,332],{"class":318},[55,158210,74195],{"class":65},[55,158212,704],{"class":703},[55,158214,93],{"class":75},[55,158216,4174],{"class":65},[14,158218,281],{},[46,158220,158222],{"className":48,"code":158221,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"(50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[18,158223,158224],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,158225,158226,158228,158230,158232,158234,158236,158238,158240,158242,158244,158246],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,158227,66],{"class":65},[55,158229,76867],{"class":75},[55,158231,163],{"class":65},[55,158233,50912],{"class":75},[55,158235,163],{"class":65},[55,158237,921],{"class":75},[55,158239,163],{"class":65},[55,158241,916],{"class":75},[55,158243,163],{"class":65},[55,158245,6283],{"class":75},[55,158247,322],{"class":65},[41,158249,76383],{"id":76382},[14,158251,154434],{},[14,158253,158254],{},"This is useful when you want values near the end without calculating the tuple length first.",[889,158256,158258],{"id":158257},"get-the-last-3-items","Get the last 3 items",[46,158260,158262],{"className":48,"code":158261,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[-3:])\n",[18,158263,158264,158296,158300],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,158265,158266,158268,158270,158272,158274,158276,158278,158280,158282,158284,158286,158288,158290,158292,158294],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,158267,1168],{"class":902},[55,158269,906],{"class":703},[55,158271,9273],{"class":65},[55,158273,376],{"class":75},[55,158275,163],{"class":65},[55,158277,916],{"class":75},[55,158279,163],{"class":65},[55,158281,921],{"class":75},[55,158283,163],{"class":65},[55,158285,50912],{"class":75},[55,158287,163],{"class":65},[55,158289,5367],{"class":75},[55,158291,163],{"class":65},[55,158293,76173],{"class":75},[55,158295,322],{"class":65},[55,158297,158298],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,158299,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,158301,158302,158304,158306,158308,158310,158312,158314],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,158303,62],{"class":61},[55,158305,66],{"class":65},[55,158307,332],{"class":318},[55,158309,4186],{"class":65},[55,158311,704],{"class":703},[55,158313,2366],{"class":75},[55,158315,77789],{"class":65},[14,158317,281],{},[46,158319,158321],{"className":48,"code":158320,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"(40, 50, 60)\n",[18,158322,158323],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,158324,158325,158327,158329,158331,158333,158335,158337],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,158326,66],{"class":65},[55,158328,56763],{"class":75},[55,158330,163],{"class":65},[55,158332,5367],{"class":75},[55,158334,163],{"class":65},[55,158336,76173],{"class":75},[55,158338,322],{"class":65},[889,158340,158342],{"id":158341},"get-everything-except-the-last-item","Get everything except the last item",[46,158344,158346],{"className":48,"code":158345,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:-1])\n",[18,158347,158348,158376,158380],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,158349,158350,158352,158354,158356,158358,158360,158362,158364,158366,158368,158370,158372,158374],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,158351,1168],{"class":902},[55,158353,906],{"class":703},[55,158355,9273],{"class":65},[55,158357,376],{"class":75},[55,158359,163],{"class":65},[55,158361,916],{"class":75},[55,158363,163],{"class":65},[55,158365,921],{"class":75},[55,158367,163],{"class":65},[55,158369,50912],{"class":75},[55,158371,163],{"class":65},[55,158373,5367],{"class":75},[55,158375,322],{"class":65},[55,158377,158378],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,158379,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,158381,158382,158384,158386,158388,158390,158392,158394],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,158383,62],{"class":61},[55,158385,66],{"class":65},[55,158387,332],{"class":318},[55,158389,75608],{"class":65},[55,158391,704],{"class":703},[55,158393,93],{"class":75},[55,158395,4174],{"class":65},[14,158397,281],{},[46,158399,158401],{"className":48,"code":158400,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[18,158402,158403],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,158404,158405,158407,158409,158411,158413,158415,158417,158419,158421],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,158406,66],{"class":65},[55,158408,376],{"class":75},[55,158410,163],{"class":65},[55,158412,916],{"class":75},[55,158414,163],{"class":65},[55,158416,921],{"class":75},[55,158418,163],{"class":65},[55,158420,50912],{"class":75},[55,158422,322],{"class":65},[14,158424,158425,158426,29],{},"Negative values are especially helpful when the tuple size may change. If you want to check the size first, see ",[294,158427,150984],{"href":157318},[41,158429,158431],{"id":158430},"step-values-and-reversing","Step values and reversing",[14,158433,16,158434,158436],{},[18,158435,75502],{}," value controls how slicing moves.",[240,158438,158439,158441,158443,158449],{},[243,158440,76639],{},[243,158442,76642],{},[243,158444,158445,158448],{},[18,158446,158447],{},"tuple[::-1]"," is a common way to reverse a tuple",[243,158450,158451,158452,158454],{},"A step of ",[18,158453,76],{}," is not allowed",[14,158456,158457],{},"Example with a positive step:",[46,158459,158461],{"className":48,"code":158460,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:6:2])\n",[18,158462,158463,158495,158499],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,158464,158465,158467,158469,158471,158473,158475,158477,158479,158481,158483,158485,158487,158489,158491,158493],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,158466,1168],{"class":902},[55,158468,906],{"class":703},[55,158470,9273],{"class":65},[55,158472,376],{"class":75},[55,158474,163],{"class":65},[55,158476,916],{"class":75},[55,158478,163],{"class":65},[55,158480,921],{"class":75},[55,158482,163],{"class":65},[55,158484,50912],{"class":75},[55,158486,163],{"class":65},[55,158488,5367],{"class":75},[55,158490,163],{"class":65},[55,158492,76173],{"class":75},[55,158494,322],{"class":65},[55,158496,158497],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,158498,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,158500,158501,158503,158505,158507,158509,158511,158513,158515,158517,158519],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,158502,62],{"class":61},[55,158504,66],{"class":65},[55,158506,332],{"class":318},[55,158508,4186],{"class":65},[55,158510,93],{"class":75},[55,158512,790],{"class":65},[55,158514,80667],{"class":75},[55,158516,790],{"class":65},[55,158518,707],{"class":75},[55,158520,4174],{"class":65},[14,158522,281],{},[46,158524,158526],{"className":48,"code":158525,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"(20, 40, 60)\n",[18,158527,158528],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,158529,158530,158532,158534,158536,158538,158540,158542],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,158531,66],{"class":65},[55,158533,15802],{"class":75},[55,158535,163],{"class":65},[55,158537,50912],{"class":75},[55,158539,163],{"class":65},[55,158541,76173],{"class":75},[55,158543,322],{"class":65},[14,158545,158546],{},"Example with a negative step:",[46,158548,158550],{"className":48,"code":158549,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])\n",[18,158551,158552,158580,158584],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,158553,158554,158556,158558,158560,158562,158564,158566,158568,158570,158572,158574,158576,158578],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,158555,1168],{"class":902},[55,158557,906],{"class":703},[55,158559,9273],{"class":65},[55,158561,376],{"class":75},[55,158563,163],{"class":65},[55,158565,916],{"class":75},[55,158567,163],{"class":65},[55,158569,921],{"class":75},[55,158571,163],{"class":65},[55,158573,50912],{"class":75},[55,158575,163],{"class":65},[55,158577,5367],{"class":75},[55,158579,322],{"class":65},[55,158581,158582],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,158583,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,158585,158586,158588,158590,158592,158594,158596,158598,158600,158602,158604,158606],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,158587,62],{"class":61},[55,158589,66],{"class":65},[55,158591,332],{"class":318},[55,158593,4186],{"class":65},[55,158595,2807],{"class":75},[55,158597,790],{"class":65},[55,158599,93],{"class":75},[55,158601,790],{"class":65},[55,158603,704],{"class":703},[55,158605,93],{"class":75},[55,158607,4174],{"class":65},[14,158609,281],{},[46,158611,158613],{"className":48,"code":158612,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"(50, 40, 30)\n",[18,158614,158615],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,158616,158617,158619,158621,158623,158625,158627,158629],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,158618,66],{"class":65},[55,158620,76867],{"class":75},[55,158622,163],{"class":65},[55,158624,50912],{"class":75},[55,158626,163],{"class":65},[55,158628,921],{"class":75},[55,158630,322],{"class":65},[14,158632,158633],{},"Be careful with this invalid slice:",[46,158635,158637],{"className":48,"code":158636,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[18,158638,158639,158659,158663],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,158640,158641,158643,158645,158647,158649,158651,158653,158655,158657],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,158642,1168],{"class":902},[55,158644,906],{"class":703},[55,158646,9273],{"class":65},[55,158648,376],{"class":75},[55,158650,163],{"class":65},[55,158652,916],{"class":75},[55,158654,163],{"class":65},[55,158656,921],{"class":75},[55,158658,322],{"class":65},[55,158660,158661],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,158662,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,158664,158665,158667,158669,158671,158673,158675],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,158666,62],{"class":61},[55,158668,66],{"class":65},[55,158670,332],{"class":318},[55,158672,74195],{"class":65},[55,158674,76],{"class":75},[55,158676,4174],{"class":65},[14,158678,158679],{},"This raises an error because the step cannot be zero.",[41,158681,158683],{"id":158682},"what-slicing-returns","What slicing returns",[14,158685,158686,158687,33799],{},"A tuple slice returns a ",[435,158688,49021],{},[889,158690,158692],{"id":158691},"a-normal-slice-returns-a-tuple","A normal slice returns a tuple",[46,158694,158696],{"className":48,"code":158695,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nresult = numbers[1:3]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[18,158697,158698,158722,158726,158744,158748,158758],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,158699,158700,158702,158704,158706,158708,158710,158712,158714,158716,158718,158720],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,158701,1168],{"class":902},[55,158703,906],{"class":703},[55,158705,9273],{"class":65},[55,158707,376],{"class":75},[55,158709,163],{"class":65},[55,158711,916],{"class":75},[55,158713,163],{"class":65},[55,158715,921],{"class":75},[55,158717,163],{"class":65},[55,158719,50912],{"class":75},[55,158721,322],{"class":65},[55,158723,158724],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,158725,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,158727,158728,158730,158732,158734,158736,158738,158740,158742],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,158729,2534],{"class":902},[55,158731,906],{"class":703},[55,158733,1196],{"class":902},[55,158735,4186],{"class":65},[55,158737,93],{"class":75},[55,158739,790],{"class":65},[55,158741,2366],{"class":75},[55,158743,924],{"class":65},[55,158745,158746],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,158747,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,158749,158750,158752,158754,158756],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,158751,62],{"class":61},[55,158753,66],{"class":65},[55,158755,2569],{"class":318},[55,158757,322],{"class":65},[55,158759,158760,158762,158764,158766,158768,158770],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,158761,62],{"class":61},[55,158763,66],{"class":65},[55,158765,1879],{"class":69},[55,158767,66],{"class":65},[55,158769,2569],{"class":318},[55,158771,79],{"class":65},[14,158773,281],{},[46,158775,158777],{"className":48,"code":158776,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"(20, 30)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[18,158778,158779,158791],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,158780,158781,158783,158785,158787,158789],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,158782,66],{"class":65},[55,158784,15802],{"class":75},[55,158786,163],{"class":65},[55,158788,921],{"class":75},[55,158790,322],{"class":65},[55,158792,158793,158795,158797,158799,158801,158803],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,158794,1911],{"class":703},[55,158796,1915],{"class":1914},[55,158798,1918],{"class":109},[55,158800,49021],{"class":129},[55,158802,1923],{"class":109},[55,158804,1926],{"class":703},[889,158806,158808],{"id":158807},"a-one-item-slice-is-still-a-tuple","A one-item slice is still a tuple",[46,158810,158812],{"className":48,"code":158811,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nresult = numbers[1:2]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[18,158813,158814,158834,158838,158856,158860,158870],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,158815,158816,158818,158820,158822,158824,158826,158828,158830,158832],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,158817,1168],{"class":902},[55,158819,906],{"class":703},[55,158821,9273],{"class":65},[55,158823,376],{"class":75},[55,158825,163],{"class":65},[55,158827,916],{"class":75},[55,158829,163],{"class":65},[55,158831,921],{"class":75},[55,158833,322],{"class":65},[55,158835,158836],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,158837,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,158839,158840,158842,158844,158846,158848,158850,158852,158854],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,158841,2534],{"class":902},[55,158843,906],{"class":703},[55,158845,1196],{"class":902},[55,158847,4186],{"class":65},[55,158849,93],{"class":75},[55,158851,790],{"class":65},[55,158853,707],{"class":75},[55,158855,924],{"class":65},[55,158857,158858],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,158859,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,158861,158862,158864,158866,158868],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,158863,62],{"class":61},[55,158865,66],{"class":65},[55,158867,2569],{"class":318},[55,158869,322],{"class":65},[55,158871,158872,158874,158876,158878,158880,158882],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,158873,62],{"class":61},[55,158875,66],{"class":65},[55,158877,1879],{"class":69},[55,158879,66],{"class":65},[55,158881,2569],{"class":318},[55,158883,79],{"class":65},[14,158885,281],{},[46,158887,158889],{"className":48,"code":158888,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"(20,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[18,158890,158891,158899],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,158892,158893,158895,158897],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,158894,66],{"class":65},[55,158896,15802],{"class":75},[55,158898,149418],{"class":65},[55,158900,158901,158903,158905,158907,158909,158911],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,158902,1911],{"class":703},[55,158904,1915],{"class":1914},[55,158906,1918],{"class":109},[55,158908,49021],{"class":129},[55,158910,1923],{"class":109},[55,158912,1926],{"class":703},[889,158914,158916],{"id":158915},"an-empty-slice-returns-an-empty-tuple","An empty slice returns an empty tuple",[46,158918,158920],{"className":48,"code":158919,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5:8])\n",[18,158921,158922,158942,158946],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,158923,158924,158926,158928,158930,158932,158934,158936,158938,158940],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,158925,1168],{"class":902},[55,158927,906],{"class":703},[55,158929,9273],{"class":65},[55,158931,376],{"class":75},[55,158933,163],{"class":65},[55,158935,916],{"class":75},[55,158937,163],{"class":65},[55,158939,921],{"class":75},[55,158941,322],{"class":65},[55,158943,158944],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,158945,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,158947,158948,158950,158952,158954,158956,158958,158960,158962],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,158949,62],{"class":61},[55,158951,66],{"class":65},[55,158953,332],{"class":318},[55,158955,4186],{"class":65},[55,158957,688],{"class":75},[55,158959,790],{"class":65},[55,158961,2649],{"class":75},[55,158963,4174],{"class":65},[14,158965,281],{},[46,158967,158968],{"className":48,"code":1789,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,158969,158970],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,158971,158972],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,158973,1789],{"class":65},[14,158975,158976,158977,29],{},"If you need help creating tuples correctly, including one-item tuples, see ",[294,158978,156154],{"href":151041},[41,158980,158982],{"id":158981},"tuple-slicing-vs-tuple-indexing","Tuple slicing vs tuple indexing",[14,158984,158985],{},"Slicing and indexing are related, but they are not the same.",[240,158987,158988,158990,158993,158998],{},[243,158989,76948],{},[243,158991,158992],{},"Slicing gets multiple items or a range",[243,158994,158995,158996],{},"Indexing can raise ",[18,158997,70804],{},[243,158999,159000],{},"Slicing usually returns an empty tuple if the range does not match",[14,159002,358],{},[46,159004,159006],{"className":48,"code":159005,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[1])    # one item\nprint(numbers[1:5])  # slice\nprint(numbers[5:8])  # empty slice\n",[18,159007,159008,159028,159032,159049,159070],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,159009,159010,159012,159014,159016,159018,159020,159022,159024,159026],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,159011,1168],{"class":902},[55,159013,906],{"class":703},[55,159015,9273],{"class":65},[55,159017,376],{"class":75},[55,159019,163],{"class":65},[55,159021,916],{"class":75},[55,159023,163],{"class":65},[55,159025,921],{"class":75},[55,159027,322],{"class":65},[55,159029,159030],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,159031,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,159033,159034,159036,159038,159040,159042,159044,159046],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,159035,62],{"class":61},[55,159037,66],{"class":65},[55,159039,332],{"class":318},[55,159041,4186],{"class":65},[55,159043,93],{"class":75},[55,159045,20497],{"class":65},[55,159047,159048],{"class":3956},"    # one item\n",[55,159050,159051,159053,159055,159057,159059,159061,159063,159065,159067],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,159052,62],{"class":61},[55,159054,66],{"class":65},[55,159056,332],{"class":318},[55,159058,4186],{"class":65},[55,159060,93],{"class":75},[55,159062,790],{"class":65},[55,159064,688],{"class":75},[55,159066,20497],{"class":65},[55,159068,159069],{"class":3956},"  # slice\n",[55,159071,159072,159074,159076,159078,159080,159082,159084,159086,159088],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,159073,62],{"class":61},[55,159075,66],{"class":65},[55,159077,332],{"class":318},[55,159079,4186],{"class":65},[55,159081,688],{"class":75},[55,159083,790],{"class":65},[55,159085,2649],{"class":75},[55,159087,20497],{"class":65},[55,159089,159090],{"class":3956},"  # empty slice\n",[14,159092,281],{},[46,159094,159096],{"className":48,"code":159095,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"20\n(20, 30)\n()\n",[18,159097,159098,159102,159114],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,159099,159100],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,159101,71297],{"class":75},[55,159103,159104,159106,159108,159110,159112],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,159105,66],{"class":65},[55,159107,15802],{"class":75},[55,159109,163],{"class":65},[55,159111,921],{"class":75},[55,159113,322],{"class":65},[55,159115,159116],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,159117,1789],{"class":65},[14,159119,159120],{},"Now compare that with invalid indexing:",[46,159122,159124],{"className":48,"code":159123,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[18,159125,159126,159146,159150],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,159127,159128,159130,159132,159134,159136,159138,159140,159142,159144],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,159129,1168],{"class":902},[55,159131,906],{"class":703},[55,159133,9273],{"class":65},[55,159135,376],{"class":75},[55,159137,163],{"class":65},[55,159139,916],{"class":75},[55,159141,163],{"class":65},[55,159143,921],{"class":75},[55,159145,322],{"class":65},[55,159147,159148],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,159149,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,159151,159152,159154,159156,159158,159160,159162],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,159153,62],{"class":61},[55,159155,66],{"class":65},[55,159157,332],{"class":318},[55,159159,4186],{"class":65},[55,159161,688],{"class":75},[55,159163,4174],{"class":65},[14,159165,159166,159167,159169,159170,29],{},"This raises an ",[18,159168,70804],{},". If you run into that problem, read ",[294,159171,154907],{"href":159172},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix",[41,159174,15224],{"id":77215},[14,159176,159177],{},"These are the most common tuple slicing mistakes:",[240,159179,159180,159183,159185,159188],{},[243,159181,159182],{},"Thinking the stop index is included",[243,159184,60764],{},[243,159186,159187],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original tuple",[243,159189,159190,159191],{},"Forgetting that step cannot be ",[18,159192,76],{},[14,159194,159195],{},"Here are a few examples.",[889,159197,159199],{"id":159198},"mistake-thinking-the-stop-index-is-included","Mistake: thinking the stop index is included",[46,159201,159202],{"className":48,"code":158002,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,159203,159204,159232,159236],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,159205,159206,159208,159210,159212,159214,159216,159218,159220,159222,159224,159226,159228,159230],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,159207,1168],{"class":902},[55,159209,906],{"class":703},[55,159211,9273],{"class":65},[55,159213,376],{"class":75},[55,159215,163],{"class":65},[55,159217,916],{"class":75},[55,159219,163],{"class":65},[55,159221,921],{"class":75},[55,159223,163],{"class":65},[55,159225,50912],{"class":75},[55,159227,163],{"class":65},[55,159229,5367],{"class":75},[55,159231,322],{"class":65},[55,159233,159234],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,159235,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,159237,159238,159240,159242,159244,159246,159248,159250,159252],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,159239,62],{"class":61},[55,159241,66],{"class":65},[55,159243,332],{"class":318},[55,159245,4186],{"class":65},[55,159247,93],{"class":75},[55,159249,790],{"class":65},[55,159251,2807],{"class":75},[55,159253,4174],{"class":65},[14,159255,281],{},[46,159257,159258],{"className":48,"code":158059,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,159259,159260],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,159261,159262,159264,159266,159268,159270,159272,159274],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,159263,66],{"class":65},[55,159265,15802],{"class":75},[55,159267,163],{"class":65},[55,159269,921],{"class":75},[55,159271,163],{"class":65},[55,159273,50912],{"class":75},[55,159275,322],{"class":65},[14,159277,132486,159278,159280],{},[18,159279,2807],{}," is not included.",[889,159282,159284],{"id":159283},"mistake-using-parentheses","Mistake: using parentheses",[14,159286,4810],{},[46,159288,159290],{"className":48,"code":159289,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\n# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[18,159291,159292,159316,159320],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,159293,159294,159296,159298,159300,159302,159304,159306,159308,159310,159312,159314],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,159295,1168],{"class":902},[55,159297,906],{"class":703},[55,159299,9273],{"class":65},[55,159301,376],{"class":75},[55,159303,163],{"class":65},[55,159305,916],{"class":75},[55,159307,163],{"class":65},[55,159309,921],{"class":75},[55,159311,163],{"class":65},[55,159313,50912],{"class":75},[55,159315,322],{"class":65},[55,159317,159318],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,159319,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,159321,159322],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,159323,159324],{"class":3956},"# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[14,159326,159327],{},"Use square brackets instead:",[46,159329,159330],{"className":48,"code":154987,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,159331,159332,159356,159360],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,159333,159334,159336,159338,159340,159342,159344,159346,159348,159350,159352,159354],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,159335,1168],{"class":902},[55,159337,906],{"class":703},[55,159339,9273],{"class":65},[55,159341,376],{"class":75},[55,159343,163],{"class":65},[55,159345,916],{"class":75},[55,159347,163],{"class":65},[55,159349,921],{"class":75},[55,159351,163],{"class":65},[55,159353,50912],{"class":75},[55,159355,322],{"class":65},[55,159357,159358],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,159359,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,159361,159362,159364,159366,159368,159370,159372,159374,159376],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,159363,62],{"class":61},[55,159365,66],{"class":65},[55,159367,332],{"class":318},[55,159369,4186],{"class":65},[55,159371,93],{"class":75},[55,159373,790],{"class":65},[55,159375,2366],{"class":75},[55,159377,4174],{"class":65},[889,159379,159381],{"id":159380},"mistake-expecting-the-original-tuple-to-change","Mistake: expecting the original tuple to change",[46,159383,159385],{"className":48,"code":159384,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nslice_result = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(slice_result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,159386,159387,159411,159415,159430,159434,159445],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,159388,159389,159391,159393,159395,159397,159399,159401,159403,159405,159407,159409],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,159390,1168],{"class":902},[55,159392,906],{"class":703},[55,159394,9273],{"class":65},[55,159396,376],{"class":75},[55,159398,163],{"class":65},[55,159400,916],{"class":75},[55,159402,163],{"class":65},[55,159404,921],{"class":75},[55,159406,163],{"class":65},[55,159408,50912],{"class":75},[55,159410,322],{"class":65},[55,159412,159413],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,159414,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,159416,159417,159420,159422,159424,159426,159428],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,159418,159419],{"class":902},"slice_result ",[55,159421,906],{"class":703},[55,159423,1196],{"class":902},[55,159425,75608],{"class":65},[55,159427,707],{"class":75},[55,159429,924],{"class":65},[55,159431,159432],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,159433,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,159435,159436,159438,159440,159443],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,159437,62],{"class":61},[55,159439,66],{"class":65},[55,159441,159442],{"class":318},"slice_result",[55,159444,322],{"class":65},[55,159446,159447,159449,159451,159453],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,159448,62],{"class":61},[55,159450,66],{"class":65},[55,159452,332],{"class":318},[55,159454,322],{"class":65},[14,159456,281],{},[46,159458,159460],{"className":48,"code":159459,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"(10, 20)\n(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[18,159461,159462,159474],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,159463,159464,159466,159468,159470,159472],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,159465,66],{"class":65},[55,159467,376],{"class":75},[55,159469,163],{"class":65},[55,159471,916],{"class":75},[55,159473,322],{"class":65},[55,159475,159476,159478,159480,159482,159484,159486,159488,159490,159492],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,159477,66],{"class":65},[55,159479,376],{"class":75},[55,159481,163],{"class":65},[55,159483,916],{"class":75},[55,159485,163],{"class":65},[55,159487,921],{"class":75},[55,159489,163],{"class":65},[55,159491,50912],{"class":75},[55,159493,322],{"class":65},[14,159495,159496],{},"The original tuple is unchanged.",[41,159498,113800],{"id":113799},[14,159500,159501],{},"Many tuple slicing problems come from a few simple misunderstandings:",[240,159503,159504,159507,159510,159516,159519],{},[243,159505,159506],{},"Confusing slicing with indexing",[243,159508,159509],{},"Expecting the stop index to be included",[243,159511,159512,159513],{},"Using a zero step like ",[18,159514,159515],{},"tuple[::0]",[243,159517,159518],{},"Assuming tuple slices return a list",[243,159520,159521],{},"Using parentheses instead of brackets",[14,159523,159524],{},"If your slice is not giving the result you expect, print the tuple, the slice, and its type.",[46,159526,159528],{"className":48,"code":159527,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple[1:4])\nprint(type(my_tuple[1:4]))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[18,159529,159530,159540,159558,159580],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,159531,159532,159534,159536,159538],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,159533,62],{"class":61},[55,159535,66],{"class":65},[55,159537,148080],{"class":318},[55,159539,322],{"class":65},[55,159541,159542,159544,159546,159548,159550,159552,159554,159556],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,159543,62],{"class":61},[55,159545,66],{"class":65},[55,159547,148080],{"class":318},[55,159549,4186],{"class":65},[55,159551,93],{"class":75},[55,159553,790],{"class":65},[55,159555,2807],{"class":75},[55,159557,4174],{"class":65},[55,159559,159560,159562,159564,159566,159568,159570,159572,159574,159576,159578],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,159561,62],{"class":61},[55,159563,66],{"class":65},[55,159565,1879],{"class":69},[55,159567,66],{"class":65},[55,159569,148080],{"class":318},[55,159571,4186],{"class":65},[55,159573,93],{"class":75},[55,159575,790],{"class":65},[55,159577,2807],{"class":75},[55,159579,174],{"class":65},[55,159581,159582,159584,159586,159588,159590,159592],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,159583,62],{"class":61},[55,159585,66],{"class":65},[55,159587,11202],{"class":61},[55,159589,66],{"class":65},[55,159591,148080],{"class":318},[55,159593,79],{"class":65},[14,159595,11211],{},[240,159597,159598,159600,159603,159606],{},[243,159599,155294],{},[243,159601,159602],{},"what the slice actually returns",[243,159604,159605],{},"that the result is a tuple",[243,159607,159608],{},"how many items are in the original tuple",[41,159610,2139],{"id":2138},[889,159612,159614],{"id":159613},"does-tuple-slicing-change-the-original-tuple","Does tuple slicing change the original tuple?",[14,159616,159617],{},"No. It returns a new tuple and leaves the original tuple unchanged.",[889,159619,159621],{"id":159620},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-tuple-slice","Is the stop index included in a tuple slice?",[14,159623,159624],{},"No. The stop index is excluded.",[889,159626,5429,159628,40024],{"id":159627},"what-does-tuple-1-do",[18,159629,158447],{},[14,159631,159632],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the tuple.",[889,159634,159636,159637,2794],{"id":159635},"can-tuple-slicing-cause-an-indexerror","Can tuple slicing cause an ",[18,159638,70804],{},[14,159640,159641,159642,29],{},"Normal slicing usually does not. Invalid indexing is more likely to cause ",[18,159643,70804],{},[41,159645,2193],{"id":2192},[240,159647,159648,159652,159656,159660,159664],{},[243,159649,159650],{},[294,159651,156154],{"href":151041},[243,159653,159654],{},[294,159655,149735],{"href":153161},[243,159657,159658],{},[294,159659,150984],{"href":157318},[243,159661,159662],{},[294,159663,148062],{"href":157680},[243,159665,159666],{},[294,159667,154907],{"href":159172},[2226,159669,159670],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":159672},[159673,159674,159675,159676,159684,159688,159689,159694,159695,159700,159701,159709],{"id":2307,"depth":82,"text":2308},{"id":157480,"depth":82,"text":157481},{"id":157683,"depth":82,"text":157684},{"id":76088,"depth":82,"text":76089,"children":159677},[159678,159680,159681,159682,159683],{"id":157841,"depth":98,"text":159679},"Get the first n items",{"id":157920,"depth":98,"text":157921},{"id":157998,"depth":98,"text":157999},{"id":158080,"depth":98,"text":158081},{"id":158162,"depth":98,"text":158163},{"id":76382,"depth":82,"text":76383,"children":159685},[159686,159687],{"id":158257,"depth":98,"text":158258},{"id":158341,"depth":98,"text":158342},{"id":158430,"depth":82,"text":158431},{"id":158682,"depth":82,"text":158683,"children":159690},[159691,159692,159693],{"id":158691,"depth":98,"text":158692},{"id":158807,"depth":98,"text":158808},{"id":158915,"depth":98,"text":158916},{"id":158981,"depth":82,"text":158982},{"id":77215,"depth":82,"text":15224,"children":159696},[159697,159698,159699],{"id":159198,"depth":98,"text":159199},{"id":159283,"depth":98,"text":159284},{"id":159380,"depth":98,"text":159381},{"id":113799,"depth":82,"text":113800},{"id":2138,"depth":82,"text":2139,"children":159702},[159703,159704,159705,159707],{"id":159613,"depth":98,"text":159614},{"id":159620,"depth":98,"text":159621},{"id":159627,"depth":98,"text":159706},"What does tuple[::-1] do?",{"id":159635,"depth":98,"text":159708},"Can tuple slicing cause an IndexError?",{"id":2192,"depth":82,"text":2193},"Master python tuple slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained",{"title":157324,"description":159710},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained","ROkj949_3FkekNafMx2xqeTKvYABAUil42nCZh0Pr8s",{"id":159717,"title":159718,"body":159719,"description":161542,"extension":2267,"meta":161543,"navigation":1121,"path":34867,"seo":161544,"stem":161545,"__hash__":161546},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained.md","Python type() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":159720,"toc":161508},[159721,159726,159731,159735,159753,159756,159771,159777,159779,159836,159838,159870,159882,159888,159893,159896,159931,159937,159939,159942,159956,159959,159961,159984,159986,160004,160007,160023,160025,160028,160141,160143,160232,160235,160240,160246,160249,160252,160351,160353,160412,160417,160420,160489,160493,160525,160541,160546,160553,160560,160572,160574,160623,160625,160648,160654,160702,160707,160714,160722,160728,160731,160755,160758,160760,160836,160838,160863,160869,160872,160877,160881,160895,160897,160960,160962,160994,160997,161013,161015,161021,161028,161030,161049,161051,161069,161076,161081,161088,161090,161127,161130,161137,161141,161144,161202,161205,161208,161263,161265,161277,161283,161285,161289,161322,161329,161331,161394,161397,161399,161404,161418,161425,161433,161442,161451,161457,161463,161465,161505],[10,159722,3871,159724,3875],{"id":159723},"python-type-function-explained",[18,159725,2606],{},[14,159727,32374,159728,159730],{},[18,159729,2606],{}," function tells you what kind of value an object is.",[14,159732,62839,159733,104644],{},[18,159734,2606],{},[240,159736,159737,159740,159743,159746],{},[243,159738,159739],{},"check whether a value is a string, number, list, or dictionary",[243,159741,159742],{},"understand what a variable currently contains",[243,159744,159745],{},"debug confusing code",[243,159747,159748,159749],{},"inspect values returned by functions such as ",[294,159750,159751],{"href":1356},[18,159752,1359],{},[14,159754,159755],{},"In most beginner code, you will use the one-argument form:",[46,159757,159759],{"className":48,"code":159758,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"type(object)\n",[18,159760,159761],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,159762,159763,159765,159767,159769],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,159764,1879],{"class":69},[55,159766,66],{"class":65},[55,159768,42464],{"class":69},[55,159770,322],{"class":65},[14,159772,159773,159774,159776],{},"Python also has a three-argument form of ",[18,159775,2606],{},", but that is an advanced feature for creating classes dynamically.",[41,159778,44],{"id":43},[46,159780,159782],{"className":48,"code":159781,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(type(name))\n\nnumber = 10\nprint(type(number))\n",[18,159783,159784,159796,159810,159814,159822],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,159785,159786,159788,159790,159792,159794],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,159787,1004],{"class":902},[55,159789,906],{"class":703},[55,159791,793],{"class":109},[55,159793,5290],{"class":129},[55,159795,1052],{"class":109},[55,159797,159798,159800,159802,159804,159806,159808],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,159799,62],{"class":61},[55,159801,66],{"class":65},[55,159803,1879],{"class":69},[55,159805,66],{"class":65},[55,159807,785],{"class":318},[55,159809,79],{"class":65},[55,159811,159812],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,159813,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,159815,159816,159818,159820],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,159817,2521],{"class":902},[55,159819,906],{"class":703},[55,159821,2890],{"class":75},[55,159823,159824,159826,159828,159830,159832,159834],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,159825,62],{"class":61},[55,159827,66],{"class":65},[55,159829,1879],{"class":69},[55,159831,66],{"class":65},[55,159833,2544],{"class":318},[55,159835,79],{"class":65},[14,159837,281],{},[46,159839,159840],{"className":48,"code":125147,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,159841,159842,159856],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,159843,159844,159846,159848,159850,159852,159854],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,159845,1911],{"class":703},[55,159847,1915],{"class":1914},[55,159849,1918],{"class":109},[55,159851,3738],{"class":129},[55,159853,1923],{"class":109},[55,159855,1926],{"class":703},[55,159857,159858,159860,159862,159864,159866,159868],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,159859,1911],{"class":703},[55,159861,1915],{"class":1914},[55,159863,1918],{"class":109},[55,159865,2492],{"class":129},[55,159867,1923],{"class":109},[55,159869,1926],{"class":703},[14,159871,212,159872,159875,159876,4679,159879,29],{},[18,159873,159874],{},"type(value)"," to see the type of a value or variable. Output will look like ",[18,159877,159878],{},"\u003Cclass 'str'>",[18,159880,159881],{},"\u003Cclass 'int'>",[41,159883,13041,159885,159887],{"id":159884},"what-the-type-function-does",[18,159886,2606],{}," function does",[14,159889,159890,159892],{},[18,159891,2606],{}," returns the type of an object.",[14,159894,159895],{},"A type tells you what kind of value something is. For example:",[240,159897,159898,159903,159908,159913,159918,159923],{},[243,159899,159900,159902],{},[18,159901,3738],{}," for text",[243,159904,159905,159907],{},[18,159906,2492],{}," for whole numbers",[243,159909,159910,159912],{},[18,159911,2496],{}," for decimal numbers",[243,159914,159915,159917],{},[18,159916,1229],{}," for lists",[243,159919,159920,159922],{},[18,159921,1975],{}," for dictionaries",[243,159924,159925,69168,159927,4679,159929],{},[18,159926,70],{},[18,159928,24],{},[18,159930,28],{},[14,159932,159933,159934,159936],{},"This is especially useful while debugging. If your code is behaving strangely, ",[18,159935,2606],{}," can help you confirm what kind of value you are actually working with.",[41,159938,2460],{"id":2459},[14,159940,159941],{},"The main beginner form is:",[46,159943,159944],{"className":48,"code":159758,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,159945,159946],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,159947,159948,159950,159952,159954],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,159949,1879],{"class":69},[55,159951,66],{"class":65},[55,159953,42464],{"class":69},[55,159955,322],{"class":65},[14,159957,159958],{},"It returns the class of the object.",[14,159960,358],{},[46,159962,159964],{"className":48,"code":159963,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(type(\"hello\"))\n",[18,159965,159966],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,159967,159968,159970,159972,159974,159976,159978,159980,159982],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,159969,62],{"class":61},[55,159971,66],{"class":65},[55,159973,1879],{"class":69},[55,159975,66],{"class":65},[55,159977,126],{"class":109},[55,159979,130],{"class":129},[55,159981,126],{"class":109},[55,159983,79],{"class":65},[14,159985,281],{},[46,159987,159988],{"className":48,"code":45837,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,159989,159990],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,159991,159992,159994,159996,159998,160000,160002],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,159993,1911],{"class":703},[55,159995,1915],{"class":1914},[55,159997,1918],{"class":109},[55,159999,3738],{"class":129},[55,160001,1923],{"class":109},[55,160003,1926],{"class":703},[14,160005,160006],{},"You can pass either:",[240,160008,160009,160016],{},[243,160010,160011,160012,25,160014],{},"a literal value such as ",[18,160013,64607],{},[18,160015,46593],{},[243,160017,160018,160019,25,160021],{},"a variable such as ",[18,160020,785],{},[18,160022,9336],{},[41,160024,121959],{"id":121958},[14,160026,160027],{},"Here are a few common examples.",[46,160029,160031],{"className":48,"code":160030,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(type(\"hello\"))\nprint(type(10))\nprint(type(3.14))\nprint(type([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(type({\"name\": \"Alice\"}))\nprint(type(True))\n",[18,160032,160033,160051,160065,160079,160101,160127],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,160034,160035,160037,160039,160041,160043,160045,160047,160049],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,160036,62],{"class":61},[55,160038,66],{"class":65},[55,160040,1879],{"class":69},[55,160042,66],{"class":65},[55,160044,126],{"class":109},[55,160046,130],{"class":129},[55,160048,126],{"class":109},[55,160050,79],{"class":65},[55,160052,160053,160055,160057,160059,160061,160063],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,160054,62],{"class":61},[55,160056,66],{"class":65},[55,160058,1879],{"class":69},[55,160060,66],{"class":65},[55,160062,376],{"class":75},[55,160064,79],{"class":65},[55,160066,160067,160069,160071,160073,160075,160077],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,160068,62],{"class":61},[55,160070,66],{"class":65},[55,160072,1879],{"class":69},[55,160074,66],{"class":65},[55,160076,40207],{"class":75},[55,160078,79],{"class":65},[55,160080,160081,160083,160085,160087,160089,160091,160093,160095,160097,160099],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,160082,62],{"class":61},[55,160084,66],{"class":65},[55,160086,1879],{"class":69},[55,160088,158],{"class":65},[55,160090,93],{"class":75},[55,160092,163],{"class":65},[55,160094,166],{"class":75},[55,160096,163],{"class":65},[55,160098,171],{"class":75},[55,160100,174],{"class":65},[55,160102,160103,160105,160107,160109,160111,160113,160115,160117,160119,160121,160123,160125],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,160104,62],{"class":61},[55,160106,66],{"class":65},[55,160108,1879],{"class":69},[55,160110,780],{"class":65},[55,160112,126],{"class":109},[55,160114,785],{"class":129},[55,160116,126],{"class":109},[55,160118,790],{"class":65},[55,160120,793],{"class":109},[55,160122,5290],{"class":129},[55,160124,126],{"class":109},[55,160126,801],{"class":65},[55,160128,160129,160131,160133,160135,160137,160139],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,160130,62],{"class":61},[55,160132,66],{"class":65},[55,160134,1879],{"class":69},[55,160136,66],{"class":65},[55,160138,24],{"class":187},[55,160140,79],{"class":65},[14,160142,281],{},[46,160144,160146],{"className":48,"code":160145,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'bool'>\n",[18,160147,160148,160162,160176,160190,160204,160218],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,160149,160150,160152,160154,160156,160158,160160],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,160151,1911],{"class":703},[55,160153,1915],{"class":1914},[55,160155,1918],{"class":109},[55,160157,3738],{"class":129},[55,160159,1923],{"class":109},[55,160161,1926],{"class":703},[55,160163,160164,160166,160168,160170,160172,160174],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,160165,1911],{"class":703},[55,160167,1915],{"class":1914},[55,160169,1918],{"class":109},[55,160171,2492],{"class":129},[55,160173,1923],{"class":109},[55,160175,1926],{"class":703},[55,160177,160178,160180,160182,160184,160186,160188],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,160179,1911],{"class":703},[55,160181,1915],{"class":1914},[55,160183,1918],{"class":109},[55,160185,2496],{"class":129},[55,160187,1923],{"class":109},[55,160189,1926],{"class":703},[55,160191,160192,160194,160196,160198,160200,160202],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,160193,1911],{"class":703},[55,160195,1915],{"class":1914},[55,160197,1918],{"class":109},[55,160199,1229],{"class":129},[55,160201,1923],{"class":109},[55,160203,1926],{"class":703},[55,160205,160206,160208,160210,160212,160214,160216],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,160207,1911],{"class":703},[55,160209,1915],{"class":1914},[55,160211,1918],{"class":109},[55,160213,1975],{"class":129},[55,160215,1923],{"class":109},[55,160217,1926],{"class":703},[55,160219,160220,160222,160224,160226,160228,160230],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,160221,1911],{"class":703},[55,160223,1915],{"class":1914},[55,160225,1918],{"class":109},[55,160227,70],{"class":129},[55,160229,1923],{"class":109},[55,160231,1926],{"class":703},[14,160233,160234],{},"These results show the exact type of each value.",[14,160236,160237,160238,29],{},"If you are still learning Python data types, see ",[294,160239,44864],{"href":49046},[41,160241,1556,160243,160245],{"id":160242},"using-type-with-variables",[18,160244,2606],{}," with variables",[14,160247,160248],{},"In Python, variables do not have one fixed type forever.",[14,160250,160251],{},"A variable can point to different kinds of values at different times.",[46,160253,160255],{"className":48,"code":160254,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = 10\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = \"ten\"\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = [10]\nprint(value, type(value))\n",[18,160256,160257,160265,160283,160287,160299,160317,160321,160333],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,160258,160259,160261,160263],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,160260,1654],{"class":902},[55,160262,906],{"class":703},[55,160264,2890],{"class":75},[55,160266,160267,160269,160271,160273,160275,160277,160279,160281],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,160268,62],{"class":61},[55,160270,66],{"class":65},[55,160272,319],{"class":318},[55,160274,163],{"class":65},[55,160276,49458],{"class":69},[55,160278,66],{"class":65},[55,160280,319],{"class":318},[55,160282,79],{"class":65},[55,160284,160285],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,160286,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,160288,160289,160291,160293,160295,160297],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,160290,1654],{"class":902},[55,160292,906],{"class":703},[55,160294,793],{"class":109},[55,160296,45974],{"class":129},[55,160298,1052],{"class":109},[55,160300,160301,160303,160305,160307,160309,160311,160313,160315],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,160302,62],{"class":61},[55,160304,66],{"class":65},[55,160306,319],{"class":318},[55,160308,163],{"class":65},[55,160310,49458],{"class":69},[55,160312,66],{"class":65},[55,160314,319],{"class":318},[55,160316,79],{"class":65},[55,160318,160319],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,160320,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,160322,160323,160325,160327,160329,160331],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,160324,1654],{"class":902},[55,160326,906],{"class":703},[55,160328,909],{"class":65},[55,160330,376],{"class":75},[55,160332,924],{"class":65},[55,160334,160335,160337,160339,160341,160343,160345,160347,160349],{"class":57,"line":582},[55,160336,62],{"class":61},[55,160338,66],{"class":65},[55,160340,319],{"class":318},[55,160342,163],{"class":65},[55,160344,49458],{"class":69},[55,160346,66],{"class":65},[55,160348,319],{"class":318},[55,160350,79],{"class":65},[14,160352,281],{},[46,160354,160356],{"className":48,"code":160355,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"10 \u003Cclass 'int'>\nten \u003Cclass 'str'>\n[10] \u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[18,160357,160358,160375,160392],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,160359,160360,160362,160365,160367,160369,160371,160373],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,160361,376],{"class":75},[55,160363,160364],{"class":703}," \u003C",[55,160366,1915],{"class":1914},[55,160368,1918],{"class":109},[55,160370,2492],{"class":129},[55,160372,1923],{"class":109},[55,160374,1926],{"class":703},[55,160376,160377,160380,160382,160384,160386,160388,160390],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,160378,160379],{"class":902},"ten ",[55,160381,1911],{"class":703},[55,160383,1915],{"class":1914},[55,160385,1918],{"class":109},[55,160387,3738],{"class":129},[55,160389,1923],{"class":109},[55,160391,1926],{"class":703},[55,160393,160394,160396,160398,160400,160402,160404,160406,160408,160410],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,160395,4186],{"class":65},[55,160397,376],{"class":75},[55,160399,13319],{"class":65},[55,160401,160364],{"class":703},[55,160403,1915],{"class":1914},[55,160405,1918],{"class":109},[55,160407,1229],{"class":129},[55,160409,1923],{"class":109},[55,160411,1926],{"class":703},[14,160413,160414,160416],{},[18,160415,2606],{}," shows the current type of the value stored in the variable.",[14,160418,160419],{},"This is helpful when values come from user input or conversions.",[46,160421,160423],{"className":48,"code":160422,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"user_input = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(user_input))\n\nconverted = int(user_input)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[18,160424,160425,160443,160457,160461,160475],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,160426,160427,160429,160431,160433,160435,160437,160439,160441],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,160428,3686],{"class":902},[55,160430,906],{"class":703},[55,160432,1380],{"class":61},[55,160434,66],{"class":65},[55,160436,126],{"class":109},[55,160438,41936],{"class":129},[55,160440,126],{"class":109},[55,160442,322],{"class":65},[55,160444,160445,160447,160449,160451,160453,160455],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,160446,62],{"class":61},[55,160448,66],{"class":65},[55,160450,1879],{"class":69},[55,160452,66],{"class":65},[55,160454,3712],{"class":318},[55,160456,79],{"class":65},[55,160458,160459],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,160460,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,160462,160463,160465,160467,160469,160471,160473],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,160464,123071],{"class":902},[55,160466,906],{"class":703},[55,160468,45343],{"class":69},[55,160470,66],{"class":65},[55,160472,3712],{"class":318},[55,160474,322],{"class":65},[55,160476,160477,160479,160481,160483,160485,160487],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,160478,62],{"class":61},[55,160480,66],{"class":65},[55,160482,1879],{"class":69},[55,160484,66],{"class":65},[55,160486,123094],{"class":318},[55,160488,79],{"class":65},[14,160490,41185,160491,41189],{},[18,160492,9230],{},[46,160494,160495],{"className":48,"code":125147,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,160496,160497,160511],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,160498,160499,160501,160503,160505,160507,160509],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,160500,1911],{"class":703},[55,160502,1915],{"class":1914},[55,160504,1918],{"class":109},[55,160506,3738],{"class":129},[55,160508,1923],{"class":109},[55,160510,1926],{"class":703},[55,160512,160513,160515,160517,160519,160521,160523],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,160514,1911],{"class":703},[55,160516,1915],{"class":1914},[55,160518,1918],{"class":109},[55,160520,2492],{"class":129},[55,160522,1923],{"class":109},[55,160524,1926],{"class":703},[14,160526,45770,160527,160531,160532,25,160536,160540],{},[294,160528,160529],{"href":1356},[18,160530,1359],{}," always returns a string. You must convert it with a function like ",[294,160533,160534],{"href":3177},[18,160535,3180],{},[294,160537,160538],{"href":3183},[18,160539,3186],{}," if you need a number.",[14,160542,160543,160544,29],{},"For a step-by-step guide, see ",[294,160545,2135],{"href":2134},[41,160547,160549,10624,160551],{"id":160548},"type-vs-isinstance",[18,160550,2606],{},[18,160552,44872],{},[14,160554,160555,4679,160557,160559],{},[18,160556,2606],{},[18,160558,44872],{}," are related, but they do different jobs.",[240,160561,160562,160567],{},[243,160563,160564,160566],{},[18,160565,2606],{}," tells you the exact type",[243,160568,160569,160571],{},[18,160570,44872],{}," checks whether a value matches a type",[14,160573,358],{},[46,160575,160577],{"className":48,"code":160576,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[18,160578,160579,160587,160591,160605],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,160580,160581,160583,160585],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,160582,1654],{"class":902},[55,160584,906],{"class":703},[55,160586,34901],{"class":75},[55,160588,160589],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,160590,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,160592,160593,160595,160597,160599,160601,160603],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,160594,62],{"class":61},[55,160596,66],{"class":65},[55,160598,1879],{"class":69},[55,160600,66],{"class":65},[55,160602,319],{"class":318},[55,160604,79],{"class":65},[55,160606,160607,160609,160611,160613,160615,160617,160619,160621],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,160608,62],{"class":61},[55,160610,66],{"class":65},[55,160612,48943],{"class":61},[55,160614,66],{"class":65},[55,160616,319],{"class":318},[55,160618,163],{"class":65},[55,160620,45343],{"class":69},[55,160622,79],{"class":65},[14,160624,281],{},[46,160626,160628],{"className":48,"code":160627,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\nTrue\n",[18,160629,160630,160644],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,160631,160632,160634,160636,160638,160640,160642],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,160633,1911],{"class":703},[55,160635,1915],{"class":1914},[55,160637,1918],{"class":109},[55,160639,2492],{"class":129},[55,160641,1923],{"class":109},[55,160643,1926],{"class":703},[55,160645,160646],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,160647,193],{"class":187},[14,160649,160650,160651,160653],{},"For many beginner condition checks, ",[18,160652,44872],{}," is more practical.",[46,160655,160657],{"className":48,"code":160656,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = 5\n\nif isinstance(value, int):\n    print(\"This is an integer\")\n",[18,160658,160659,160667,160671,160687],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,160660,160661,160663,160665],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,160662,1654],{"class":902},[55,160664,906],{"class":703},[55,160666,34901],{"class":75},[55,160668,160669],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,160670,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,160672,160673,160675,160677,160679,160681,160683,160685],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,160674,38],{"class":1193},[55,160676,49681],{"class":61},[55,160678,66],{"class":65},[55,160680,319],{"class":318},[55,160682,163],{"class":65},[55,160684,45343],{"class":69},[55,160686,1480],{"class":65},[55,160688,160689,160691,160693,160695,160698,160700],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,160690,1204],{"class":61},[55,160692,66],{"class":65},[55,160694,126],{"class":109},[55,160696,160697],{"class":129},"This is an integer",[55,160699,126],{"class":109},[55,160701,322],{"class":65},[14,160703,212,160704,160706],{},[18,160705,2606],{}," when you want to inspect or print the exact type.",[14,160708,212,160709,160711,160712,256],{},[18,160710,44872],{}," when you want to check a type inside logic such as ",[18,160713,38],{},[14,160715,160716,160717,29],{},"See the dedicated guide for more detail: ",[294,160718,3871,160720,3804],{"href":160719},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained\u002F",[18,160721,44872],{},[41,160723,160725,160726],{"id":160724},"the-three-argument-form-of-type","The three-argument form of ",[18,160727,2606],{},[14,160729,160730],{},"Python also supports this advanced form:",[46,160732,160734],{"className":48,"code":160733,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"type(name, bases, dict)\n",[18,160735,160736],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,160737,160738,160740,160742,160744,160746,160749,160751,160753],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,160739,1879],{"class":69},[55,160741,66],{"class":65},[55,160743,785],{"class":318},[55,160745,163],{"class":65},[55,160747,160748],{"class":318}," bases",[55,160750,163],{"class":65},[55,160752,9207],{"class":69},[55,160754,322],{"class":65},[14,160756,160757],{},"This creates a new class dynamically.",[14,160759,358],{},[46,160761,160763],{"className":48,"code":160762,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Person = type(\"Person\", (), {\"species\": \"human\"})\n\nprint(Person)\nprint(Person.species)\n",[18,160764,160765,160808,160812,160822],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,160766,160767,160770,160772,160774,160776,160778,160781,160783,160785,160788,160790,160792,160795,160797,160799,160801,160804,160806],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,160768,160769],{"class":902},"Person ",[55,160771,906],{"class":703},[55,160773,49458],{"class":69},[55,160775,66],{"class":65},[55,160777,126],{"class":109},[55,160779,160780],{"class":129},"Person",[55,160782,126],{"class":109},[55,160784,163],{"class":65},[55,160786,160787],{"class":65}," (),",[55,160789,10529],{"class":65},[55,160791,126],{"class":109},[55,160793,160794],{"class":129},"species",[55,160796,126],{"class":109},[55,160798,790],{"class":65},[55,160800,793],{"class":109},[55,160802,160803],{"class":129},"human",[55,160805,126],{"class":109},[55,160807,30552],{"class":65},[55,160809,160810],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,160811,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,160813,160814,160816,160818,160820],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,160815,62],{"class":61},[55,160817,66],{"class":65},[55,160819,160780],{"class":318},[55,160821,322],{"class":65},[55,160823,160824,160826,160828,160830,160832,160834],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,160825,62],{"class":61},[55,160827,66],{"class":65},[55,160829,160780],{"class":318},[55,160831,29],{"class":65},[55,160833,160794],{"class":24803},[55,160835,322],{"class":65},[14,160837,281],{},[46,160839,160841],{"className":48,"code":160840,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"\u003Cclass '__main__.Person'>\nhuman\n",[18,160842,160843,160858],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,160844,160845,160847,160849,160851,160854,160856],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,160846,1911],{"class":703},[55,160848,1915],{"class":1914},[55,160850,1918],{"class":109},[55,160852,160853],{"class":129},"__main__.Person",[55,160855,1923],{"class":109},[55,160857,1926],{"class":703},[55,160859,160860],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,160861,160862],{"class":902},"human\n",[14,160864,160865,160866,160868],{},"Most beginners do ",[435,160867,4916],{}," need this form.",[14,160870,160871],{},"It is mainly used in advanced Python code involving classes and metaprogramming. For everyday learning and debugging, the one-argument form is the important one.",[41,160873,5247,160875],{"id":160874},"when-to-use-type",[18,160876,2606],{},[14,160878,160879,12488],{},[18,160880,2606],{},[240,160882,160883,160886,160889,160892],{},[243,160884,160885],{},"debug unexpected values",[243,160887,160888],{},"check what a conversion produced",[243,160890,160891],{},"learn Python data types",[243,160893,160894],{},"inspect objects while reading examples",[14,160896,5756],{},[46,160898,160900],{"className":48,"code":160899,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[18,160901,160902,160914,160928,160932,160946],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,160903,160904,160906,160908,160910,160912],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,160905,34746],{"class":902},[55,160907,906],{"class":703},[55,160909,793],{"class":109},[55,160911,50314],{"class":129},[55,160913,1052],{"class":109},[55,160915,160916,160918,160920,160922,160924,160926],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,160917,2521],{"class":902},[55,160919,906],{"class":703},[55,160921,45343],{"class":69},[55,160923,66],{"class":65},[55,160925,34767],{"class":318},[55,160927,322],{"class":65},[55,160929,160930],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,160931,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,160933,160934,160936,160938,160940,160942,160944],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,160935,62],{"class":61},[55,160937,66],{"class":65},[55,160939,1879],{"class":69},[55,160941,66],{"class":65},[55,160943,34767],{"class":318},[55,160945,79],{"class":65},[55,160947,160948,160950,160952,160954,160956,160958],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,160949,62],{"class":61},[55,160951,66],{"class":65},[55,160953,1879],{"class":69},[55,160955,66],{"class":65},[55,160957,2544],{"class":318},[55,160959,79],{"class":65},[14,160961,281],{},[46,160963,160964],{"className":48,"code":125147,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,160965,160966,160980],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,160967,160968,160970,160972,160974,160976,160978],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,160969,1911],{"class":703},[55,160971,1915],{"class":1914},[55,160973,1918],{"class":109},[55,160975,3738],{"class":129},[55,160977,1923],{"class":109},[55,160979,1926],{"class":703},[55,160981,160982,160984,160986,160988,160990,160992],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,160983,1911],{"class":703},[55,160985,1915],{"class":1914},[55,160987,1918],{"class":109},[55,160989,2492],{"class":129},[55,160991,1923],{"class":109},[55,160993,1926],{"class":703},[14,160995,160996],{},"This helps you see the difference between text and numbers clearly.",[14,160998,160999,161000,2493,161004,17121,161008,161012],{},"If you need to convert values after checking them, functions like ",[294,161001,161002],{"href":42240},[18,161003,47751],{},[294,161005,161006],{"href":3177},[18,161007,3180],{},[294,161009,161010],{"href":3183},[18,161011,3186],{}," are often the next step.",[41,161014,25411],{"id":25410},[14,161016,161017,161018,161020],{},"A few things about ",[18,161019,2606],{}," often confuse beginners.",[889,161022,161024,161027],{"id":161023},"type5-does-not-return-plain-text",[18,161025,161026],{},"type(5)"," does not return plain text",[14,161029,64716],{},[46,161031,161033],{"className":48,"code":161032,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(type(5))\n",[18,161034,161035],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,161036,161037,161039,161041,161043,161045,161047],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,161038,62],{"class":61},[55,161040,66],{"class":65},[55,161042,1879],{"class":69},[55,161044,66],{"class":65},[55,161046,688],{"class":75},[55,161048,79],{"class":65},[14,161050,122990],{},[46,161052,161053],{"className":48,"code":156502,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,161054,161055],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,161056,161057,161059,161061,161063,161065,161067],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,161058,1911],{"class":703},[55,161060,1915],{"class":1914},[55,161062,1918],{"class":109},[55,161064,2492],{"class":129},[55,161066,1923],{"class":109},[55,161068,1926],{"class":703},[14,161070,40970,161071,161073,161074,29],{},[435,161072,4916],{}," print just ",[18,161075,2492],{},[14,161077,6952,161078,161080],{},[18,161079,2606],{}," returns a class object.",[889,161082,161084,1265,161086],{"id":161083},"input-returns-str",[18,161085,1359],{},[18,161087,3738],{},[14,161089,79615],{},[46,161091,161093],{"className":48,"code":161092,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[18,161094,161095,161113],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,161096,161097,161099,161101,161103,161105,161107,161109,161111],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,161098,1654],{"class":902},[55,161100,906],{"class":703},[55,161102,1380],{"class":61},[55,161104,66],{"class":65},[55,161106,126],{"class":109},[55,161108,46377],{"class":129},[55,161110,126],{"class":109},[55,161112,322],{"class":65},[55,161114,161115,161117,161119,161121,161123,161125],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,161116,62],{"class":61},[55,161118,66],{"class":65},[55,161120,1879],{"class":69},[55,161122,66],{"class":65},[55,161124,319],{"class":318},[55,161126,79],{"class":65},[14,161128,161129],{},"No matter what the user types, the result is a string unless you convert it.",[14,161131,161132,161133,25,161135,29],{},"If you need a number, use ",[18,161134,3180],{},[18,161136,3186],{},[889,161138,161140],{"id":161139},"comparing-type-names-as-strings-is-usually-not-the-best-idea","Comparing type names as strings is usually not the best idea",[14,161142,161143],{},"Avoid code like this:",[46,161145,161147],{"className":48,"code":161146,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = 5\n\nif str(type(value)) == \"\u003Cclass 'int'>\":\n    print(\"It is an int\")\n",[18,161148,161149,161157,161161,161187],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,161150,161151,161153,161155],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,161152,1654],{"class":902},[55,161154,906],{"class":703},[55,161156,34901],{"class":75},[55,161158,161159],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,161160,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,161162,161163,161165,161167,161169,161171,161173,161175,161177,161179,161181,161183,161185],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,161164,38],{"class":1193},[55,161166,48972],{"class":69},[55,161168,66],{"class":65},[55,161170,1879],{"class":69},[55,161172,66],{"class":65},[55,161174,319],{"class":318},[55,161176,5645],{"class":65},[55,161178,6684],{"class":703},[55,161180,793],{"class":109},[55,161182,159881],{"class":129},[55,161184,126],{"class":109},[55,161186,1199],{"class":65},[55,161188,161189,161191,161193,161195,161198,161200],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,161190,1204],{"class":61},[55,161192,66],{"class":65},[55,161194,126],{"class":109},[55,161196,161197],{"class":129},"It is an int",[55,161199,126],{"class":109},[55,161201,322],{"class":65},[14,161203,161204],{},"This works, but it is not a good approach.",[14,161206,161207],{},"Better options:",[46,161209,161211],{"className":48,"code":161210,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value) == int)\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[18,161212,161213,161221,161225,161245],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,161214,161215,161217,161219],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,161216,1654],{"class":902},[55,161218,906],{"class":703},[55,161220,34901],{"class":75},[55,161222,161223],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,161224,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,161226,161227,161229,161231,161233,161235,161237,161239,161241,161243],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,161228,62],{"class":61},[55,161230,66],{"class":65},[55,161232,1879],{"class":69},[55,161234,66],{"class":65},[55,161236,319],{"class":318},[55,161238,3953],{"class":65},[55,161240,6684],{"class":703},[55,161242,45343],{"class":69},[55,161244,322],{"class":65},[55,161246,161247,161249,161251,161253,161255,161257,161259,161261],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,161248,62],{"class":61},[55,161250,66],{"class":65},[55,161252,48943],{"class":61},[55,161254,66],{"class":65},[55,161256,319],{"class":318},[55,161258,163],{"class":65},[55,161260,45343],{"class":69},[55,161262,79],{"class":65},[14,161264,281],{},[46,161266,161267],{"className":48,"code":4789,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,161268,161269,161273],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,161270,161271],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,161272,193],{"class":187},[55,161274,161275],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,161276,193],{"class":187},[14,161278,161279,161280,161282],{},"In most real code, ",[18,161281,44872],{}," is the more useful check.",[41,161284,1586],{"id":1585},[14,161286,14780,161287,790],{},[18,161288,2606],{},[240,161290,161291,161301,161310,161319],{},[243,161292,1556,161293,161295,161296,161300],{},[18,161294,2606],{}," to check user input and forgetting that ",[294,161297,161298],{"href":1356},[18,161299,1359],{}," always returns a string",[243,161302,1595,161303,161305,161306,11132,161308],{},[18,161304,2606],{}," to return plain text like ",[18,161307,2492],{},[18,161309,159881],{},[243,161311,1556,161312,44696,161315,161318],{},[18,161313,161314],{},"type(x) == SomeType",[18,161316,161317],{},"isinstance(x, SomeType)"," is more appropriate",[243,161320,161321],{},"Confusing the basic one-argument form with the advanced class-creation form",[14,161323,161324,161325,29],{},"If your problem is really about bad input or failed conversion, you may also want to read ",[294,161326,161328],{"href":161327},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained\u002F","TypeError vs ValueError in Python explained",[14,161330,144656],{},[46,161332,161334],{"className":48,"code":161333,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(repr(value))\nhelp(type)\ndir(value)\n",[18,161335,161336,161350,161360,161374,161384],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,161337,161338,161340,161342,161344,161346,161348],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,161339,62],{"class":61},[55,161341,66],{"class":65},[55,161343,1879],{"class":69},[55,161345,66],{"class":65},[55,161347,319],{"class":318},[55,161349,79],{"class":65},[55,161351,161352,161354,161356,161358],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,161353,62],{"class":61},[55,161355,66],{"class":65},[55,161357,319],{"class":318},[55,161359,322],{"class":65},[55,161361,161362,161364,161366,161368,161370,161372],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,161363,62],{"class":61},[55,161365,66],{"class":65},[55,161367,41844],{"class":61},[55,161369,66],{"class":65},[55,161371,319],{"class":318},[55,161373,79],{"class":65},[55,161375,161376,161378,161380,161382],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,161377,32209],{"class":61},[55,161379,66],{"class":65},[55,161381,1879],{"class":69},[55,161383,322],{"class":65},[55,161385,161386,161388,161390,161392],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,161387,34430],{"class":61},[55,161389,66],{"class":65},[55,161391,319],{"class":318},[55,161393,322],{"class":65},[14,161395,161396],{},"These can help you understand both the value and the object you are working with.",[41,161398,2139],{"id":2138},[889,161400,5429,161402,5432],{"id":161401},"what-does-type-return-in-python",[18,161403,2606],{},[14,161405,161406,161407,2493,161409,2493,161411,2497,161413,161415,161416,29],{},"It returns the type of an object, such as ",[18,161408,3738],{},[18,161410,2492],{},[18,161412,1229],{},[18,161414,1975],{},", shown as a class object like ",[18,161417,159878],{},[889,161419,14950,161421,57276,161423,2794],{"id":161420},"is-type-the-same-as-isinstance",[18,161422,2606],{},[18,161424,44872],{},[14,161426,46432,161427,161429,161430,161432],{},[18,161428,2606],{}," shows the exact type. ",[18,161431,44872],{}," checks whether a value is an instance of a type.",[889,161434,5444,161436,161439,161440,2794],{"id":161435},"why-does-typeinputenter-show-str",[18,161437,161438],{},"type(input(\"Enter: \"))"," show ",[18,161441,3738],{},[14,161443,29116,161444,161446,161447,25,161449,160540],{},[18,161445,1359],{}," always returns text. Convert it with ",[18,161448,3180],{},[18,161450,3186],{},[889,161452,5456,161454,161456],{"id":161453},"can-type-create-classes",[18,161455,2606],{}," create classes?",[14,161458,161459,161460,29],{},"Yes, in its three-argument form, but most beginners only need ",[18,161461,161462],{},"type(object)",[41,161464,2193],{"id":2192},[240,161466,161467,161471,161477,161483,161487,161493,161499],{},[243,161468,161469],{},[294,161470,44864],{"href":49046},[243,161472,161473],{},[294,161474,3871,161475,3804],{"href":160719},[18,161476,44872],{},[243,161478,161479],{},[294,161480,3871,161481,3804],{"href":1356},[18,161482,1359],{},[243,161484,161485],{},[294,161486,2219],{"href":2134},[243,161488,161489],{},[294,161490,3871,161491,3804],{"href":3177},[18,161492,3180],{},[243,161494,161495],{},[294,161496,3871,161497,3804],{"href":3183},[18,161498,3186],{},[243,161500,161501],{},[294,161502,3871,161503,3804],{"href":42240},[18,161504,47751],{},[2226,161506,161507],{},"html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":161509},[161510,161511,161513,161514,161515,161517,161519,161521,161523,161530,161531,161541],{"id":43,"depth":82,"text":44},{"id":159884,"depth":82,"text":161512},"What the type() function does",{"id":2459,"depth":82,"text":2460},{"id":121958,"depth":82,"text":121959},{"id":160242,"depth":82,"text":161516},"Using type() with variables",{"id":160548,"depth":82,"text":161518},"type() vs isinstance()",{"id":160724,"depth":82,"text":161520},"The three-argument form of type()",{"id":160874,"depth":82,"text":161522},"When to use type()",{"id":25410,"depth":82,"text":25411,"children":161524},[161525,161527,161529],{"id":161023,"depth":98,"text":161526},"type(5) does not return plain text",{"id":161083,"depth":98,"text":161528},"input() returns str",{"id":161139,"depth":98,"text":161140},{"id":1585,"depth":82,"text":1586},{"id":2138,"depth":82,"text":2139,"children":161532},[161533,161535,161537,161539],{"id":161401,"depth":98,"text":161534},"What does type() return in Python?",{"id":161420,"depth":98,"text":161536},"Is type() the same as isinstance()?",{"id":161435,"depth":98,"text":161538},"Why does type(input(\"Enter: \")) show str?",{"id":161453,"depth":98,"text":161540},"Can type() create classes?",{"id":2192,"depth":82,"text":2193},"Master python type function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":159718,"description":161542},"reference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained","lFC3dTd8qBenijQclazGCNFBbd8GpCTjh_Z1roTe7DM",{"id":161548,"title":161549,"body":161550,"description":164029,"extension":2267,"meta":164030,"navigation":1121,"path":164031,"seo":164032,"stem":164033,"__hash__":164034},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained.md","Python zip() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":161551,"toc":163986},[161552,161557,161562,161571,161573,161673,161675,161700,161705,161710,161726,161729,161731,161733,161758,161761,161764,161847,161849,161898,161901,162023,162025,162098,162102,162105,162219,162221,162247,162249,162270,162275,162279,162284,162287,162391,162393,162410,162419,162422,162509,162511,162522,162527,162533,162538,162544,162547,162640,162642,162691,162697,162700,162801,162803,162856,162861,162865,162868,162967,162969,163008,163011,163016,163018,163023,163027,163140,163144,163241,163245,163333,163335,163352,163356,163479,163485,163491,163497,163502,163505,163532,163536,163538,163632,163635,163639,163642,163729,163732,163767,163769,163806,163809,163817,163822,163827,163901,163908,163910,163915,163918,163924,163927,163933,163938,163944,163949,163953,163956,163958,163983],[10,161553,3871,161555,3875],{"id":161554},"python-zip-function-explained",[18,161556,64392],{},[14,161558,161559,161561],{},[18,161560,64392],{}," is a built-in Python function that combines items from two or more iterables by position.",[14,161563,161564,161565,161567,161568,161570],{},"It is useful when you want to work with related values at the same time, such as names and scores, or keys and values. Beginners often use ",[18,161566,64392],{}," inside a ",[18,161569,6236],{}," loop or convert its result into a list or dictionary.",[41,161572,2308],{"id":2307},[46,161574,161576],{"className":48,"code":161575,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[18,161577,161578,161610,161630,161634,161659],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,161579,161580,161582,161584,161586,161588,161590,161592,161594,161596,161598,161600,161602,161604,161606,161608],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,161581,5281],{"class":902},[55,161583,906],{"class":703},[55,161585,909],{"class":65},[55,161587,126],{"class":109},[55,161589,12925],{"class":129},[55,161591,126],{"class":109},[55,161593,163],{"class":65},[55,161595,793],{"class":109},[55,161597,36001],{"class":129},[55,161599,126],{"class":109},[55,161601,163],{"class":65},[55,161603,793],{"class":109},[55,161605,36010],{"class":129},[55,161607,126],{"class":109},[55,161609,924],{"class":65},[55,161611,161612,161614,161616,161618,161620,161622,161624,161626,161628],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,161613,5350],{"class":902},[55,161615,906],{"class":703},[55,161617,909],{"class":65},[55,161619,13548],{"class":75},[55,161621,163],{"class":65},[55,161623,13553],{"class":75},[55,161625,163],{"class":65},[55,161627,28975],{"class":75},[55,161629,924],{"class":65},[55,161631,161632],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,161633,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,161635,161636,161638,161640,161642,161644,161646,161649,161651,161653,161655,161657],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,161637,6236],{"class":1193},[55,161639,36052],{"class":902},[55,161641,163],{"class":65},[55,161643,5392],{"class":902},[55,161645,4168],{"class":1193},[55,161647,161648],{"class":61}," zip",[55,161650,66],{"class":65},[55,161652,5325],{"class":318},[55,161654,163],{"class":65},[55,161656,5397],{"class":318},[55,161658,1480],{"class":65},[55,161660,161661,161663,161665,161667,161669,161671],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,161662,1204],{"class":61},[55,161664,66],{"class":65},[55,161666,785],{"class":318},[55,161668,163],{"class":65},[55,161670,130936],{"class":318},[55,161672,322],{"class":65},[14,161674,281],{},[46,161676,161678],{"className":48,"code":161677,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Ana 90\nBen 85\nCara 88\n",[18,161679,161680,161686,161693],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,161681,161682,161684],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,161683,133955],{"class":902},[55,161685,33193],{"class":75},[55,161687,161688,161691],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,161689,161690],{"class":902},"Ben ",[55,161692,33198],{"class":75},[55,161694,161695,161698],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,161696,161697],{"class":902},"Cara ",[55,161699,33203],{"class":75},[14,161701,212,161702,161704],{},[18,161703,64392],{}," when you want to loop through two or more iterables at the same time. It pairs items by position.",[41,161706,3970,161708,3973],{"id":161707},"what-zip-does",[18,161709,64392],{},[240,161711,161712,161717,161720,161723],{},[243,161713,161714,161716],{},[18,161715,64392],{}," combines items from two or more iterables",[243,161718,161719],{},"It groups items by matching positions",[243,161721,161722],{},"The result is a zip object, which is an iterator",[243,161724,161725],{},"A zip object can be looped over or converted to a list",[14,161727,161728],{},"For example, if you combine two lists, the first item from each list becomes one pair, the second item from each list becomes another pair, and so on.",[41,161730,2460],{"id":2459},[14,161732,304],{},[46,161734,161736],{"className":48,"code":161735,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"zip(iterable1, iterable2, ...)\n",[18,161737,161738],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,161739,161740,161742,161744,161747,161749,161752,161754,161756],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,161741,64462],{"class":61},[55,161743,66],{"class":65},[55,161745,161746],{"class":318},"iterable1",[55,161748,163],{"class":65},[55,161750,161751],{"class":318}," iterable2",[55,161753,163],{"class":65},[55,161755,34512],{"class":61},[55,161757,322],{"class":65},[14,161759,161760],{},"Each step creates one tuple of matched items.",[14,161762,161763],{},"If you pass two iterables, each result item has two values:",[46,161765,161767],{"className":48,"code":161766,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nletters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(numbers, letters)))\n",[18,161768,161769,161789,161821,161825],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,161770,161771,161773,161775,161777,161779,161781,161783,161785,161787],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,161772,1168],{"class":902},[55,161774,906],{"class":703},[55,161776,909],{"class":65},[55,161778,93],{"class":75},[55,161780,163],{"class":65},[55,161782,166],{"class":75},[55,161784,163],{"class":65},[55,161786,171],{"class":75},[55,161788,924],{"class":65},[55,161790,161791,161793,161795,161797,161799,161801,161803,161805,161807,161809,161811,161813,161815,161817,161819],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,161792,36151],{"class":902},[55,161794,906],{"class":703},[55,161796,909],{"class":65},[55,161798,126],{"class":109},[55,161800,294],{"class":129},[55,161802,126],{"class":109},[55,161804,163],{"class":65},[55,161806,793],{"class":109},[55,161808,5046],{"class":129},[55,161810,126],{"class":109},[55,161812,163],{"class":65},[55,161814,793],{"class":109},[55,161816,9777],{"class":129},[55,161818,126],{"class":109},[55,161820,924],{"class":65},[55,161822,161823],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,161824,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,161826,161827,161829,161831,161833,161835,161837,161839,161841,161843,161845],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,161828,62],{"class":61},[55,161830,66],{"class":65},[55,161832,1229],{"class":69},[55,161834,66],{"class":65},[55,161836,64462],{"class":61},[55,161838,66],{"class":65},[55,161840,332],{"class":318},[55,161842,163],{"class":65},[55,161844,70169],{"class":318},[55,161846,769],{"class":65},[14,161848,281],{},[46,161850,161852],{"className":48,"code":161851,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[(1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'c')]\n",[18,161853,161854],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,161855,161856,161858,161860,161862,161864,161866,161868,161870,161872,161874,161876,161878,161880,161882,161884,161886,161888,161890,161892,161894,161896],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,161857,21792],{"class":65},[55,161859,93],{"class":75},[55,161861,163],{"class":65},[55,161863,1918],{"class":109},[55,161865,294],{"class":129},[55,161867,1923],{"class":109},[55,161869,9270],{"class":65},[55,161871,9273],{"class":65},[55,161873,707],{"class":75},[55,161875,163],{"class":65},[55,161877,1918],{"class":109},[55,161879,5046],{"class":129},[55,161881,1923],{"class":109},[55,161883,9270],{"class":65},[55,161885,9273],{"class":65},[55,161887,2366],{"class":75},[55,161889,163],{"class":65},[55,161891,1918],{"class":109},[55,161893,9777],{"class":129},[55,161895,1923],{"class":109},[55,161897,9286],{"class":65},[14,161899,161900],{},"If you pass three iterables, each result item has three values:",[46,161902,161904],{"className":48,"code":161903,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\ngrades = [\"A\", \"B\", \"B+\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(names, scores, grades)))\n",[18,161905,161906,161938,161958,161992,161996],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,161907,161908,161910,161912,161914,161916,161918,161920,161922,161924,161926,161928,161930,161932,161934,161936],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,161909,5281],{"class":902},[55,161911,906],{"class":703},[55,161913,909],{"class":65},[55,161915,126],{"class":109},[55,161917,12925],{"class":129},[55,161919,126],{"class":109},[55,161921,163],{"class":65},[55,161923,793],{"class":109},[55,161925,36001],{"class":129},[55,161927,126],{"class":109},[55,161929,163],{"class":65},[55,161931,793],{"class":109},[55,161933,36010],{"class":129},[55,161935,126],{"class":109},[55,161937,924],{"class":65},[55,161939,161940,161942,161944,161946,161948,161950,161952,161954,161956],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,161941,5350],{"class":902},[55,161943,906],{"class":703},[55,161945,909],{"class":65},[55,161947,13548],{"class":75},[55,161949,163],{"class":65},[55,161951,13553],{"class":75},[55,161953,163],{"class":65},[55,161955,28975],{"class":75},[55,161957,924],{"class":65},[55,161959,161960,161963,161965,161967,161969,161971,161973,161975,161977,161979,161981,161983,161985,161988,161990],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,161961,161962],{"class":902},"grades ",[55,161964,906],{"class":703},[55,161966,909],{"class":65},[55,161968,126],{"class":109},[55,161970,22297],{"class":129},[55,161972,126],{"class":109},[55,161974,163],{"class":65},[55,161976,793],{"class":109},[55,161978,30656],{"class":129},[55,161980,126],{"class":109},[55,161982,163],{"class":65},[55,161984,793],{"class":109},[55,161986,161987],{"class":129},"B+",[55,161989,126],{"class":109},[55,161991,924],{"class":65},[55,161993,161994],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,161995,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,161997,161998,162000,162002,162004,162006,162008,162010,162012,162014,162016,162018,162021],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,161999,62],{"class":61},[55,162001,66],{"class":65},[55,162003,1229],{"class":69},[55,162005,66],{"class":65},[55,162007,64462],{"class":61},[55,162009,66],{"class":65},[55,162011,5325],{"class":318},[55,162013,163],{"class":65},[55,162015,5397],{"class":318},[55,162017,163],{"class":65},[55,162019,162020],{"class":318}," grades",[55,162022,769],{"class":65},[14,162024,281],{},[46,162026,162028],{"className":48,"code":162027,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[('Ana', 90, 'A'), ('Ben', 85, 'B'), ('Cara', 88, 'B+')]\n",[18,162029,162030],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,162031,162032,162034,162036,162038,162040,162042,162044,162046,162048,162050,162052,162054,162056,162058,162060,162062,162064,162066,162068,162070,162072,162074,162076,162078,162080,162082,162084,162086,162088,162090,162092,162094,162096],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,162033,21792],{"class":65},[55,162035,1923],{"class":109},[55,162037,12925],{"class":129},[55,162039,1923],{"class":109},[55,162041,163],{"class":65},[55,162043,19949],{"class":75},[55,162045,163],{"class":65},[55,162047,1918],{"class":109},[55,162049,22297],{"class":129},[55,162051,1923],{"class":109},[55,162053,9270],{"class":65},[55,162055,9273],{"class":65},[55,162057,1923],{"class":109},[55,162059,36001],{"class":129},[55,162061,1923],{"class":109},[55,162063,163],{"class":65},[55,162065,13553],{"class":75},[55,162067,163],{"class":65},[55,162069,1918],{"class":109},[55,162071,30656],{"class":129},[55,162073,1923],{"class":109},[55,162075,9270],{"class":65},[55,162077,9273],{"class":65},[55,162079,1923],{"class":109},[55,162081,36010],{"class":129},[55,162083,1923],{"class":109},[55,162085,163],{"class":65},[55,162087,28975],{"class":75},[55,162089,163],{"class":65},[55,162091,1918],{"class":109},[55,162093,161987],{"class":129},[55,162095,1923],{"class":109},[55,162097,9286],{"class":65},[41,162099,162101],{"id":162100},"simple-example-with-two-lists","Simple example with two lists",[14,162103,162104],{},"A common beginner use is looping through two related lists at the same time.",[46,162106,162108],{"className":48,"code":162107,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name} scored {score}\")\n",[18,162109,162110,162142,162162,162166,162190],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,162111,162112,162114,162116,162118,162120,162122,162124,162126,162128,162130,162132,162134,162136,162138,162140],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,162113,5281],{"class":902},[55,162115,906],{"class":703},[55,162117,909],{"class":65},[55,162119,126],{"class":109},[55,162121,12925],{"class":129},[55,162123,126],{"class":109},[55,162125,163],{"class":65},[55,162127,793],{"class":109},[55,162129,36001],{"class":129},[55,162131,126],{"class":109},[55,162133,163],{"class":65},[55,162135,793],{"class":109},[55,162137,36010],{"class":129},[55,162139,126],{"class":109},[55,162141,924],{"class":65},[55,162143,162144,162146,162148,162150,162152,162154,162156,162158,162160],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,162145,5350],{"class":902},[55,162147,906],{"class":703},[55,162149,909],{"class":65},[55,162151,13548],{"class":75},[55,162153,163],{"class":65},[55,162155,13553],{"class":75},[55,162157,163],{"class":65},[55,162159,28975],{"class":75},[55,162161,924],{"class":65},[55,162163,162164],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,162165,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,162167,162168,162170,162172,162174,162176,162178,162180,162182,162184,162186,162188],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,162169,6236],{"class":1193},[55,162171,36052],{"class":902},[55,162173,163],{"class":65},[55,162175,5392],{"class":902},[55,162177,4168],{"class":1193},[55,162179,161648],{"class":61},[55,162181,66],{"class":65},[55,162183,5325],{"class":318},[55,162185,163],{"class":65},[55,162187,5397],{"class":318},[55,162189,1480],{"class":65},[55,162191,162192,162194,162196,162198,162200,162202,162204,162206,162209,162211,162213,162215,162217],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,162193,1204],{"class":61},[55,162195,66],{"class":65},[55,162197,22346],{"class":1914},[55,162199,126],{"class":129},[55,162201,9315],{"class":75},[55,162203,785],{"class":318},[55,162205,22355],{"class":75},[55,162207,162208],{"class":129}," scored ",[55,162210,9315],{"class":75},[55,162212,85593],{"class":318},[55,162214,22355],{"class":75},[55,162216,126],{"class":129},[55,162218,322],{"class":65},[14,162220,281],{},[46,162222,162224],{"className":48,"code":162223,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Ana scored 90\nBen scored 85\nCara scored 88\n",[18,162225,162226,162233,162240],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,162227,162228,162231],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,162229,162230],{"class":902},"Ana scored ",[55,162232,33193],{"class":75},[55,162234,162235,162238],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,162236,162237],{"class":902},"Ben scored ",[55,162239,33198],{"class":75},[55,162241,162242,162245],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,162243,162244],{"class":902},"Cara scored ",[55,162246,33203],{"class":75},[14,162248,44997],{},[240,162250,162251,162260,162263],{},[243,162252,162253,162256,162257],{},[18,162254,162255],{},"zip(names, scores)"," creates pairs like ",[18,162258,162259],{},"(\"Ana\", 90)",[243,162261,162262],{},"The loop runs once for each pair",[243,162264,162265,4679,162267,162269],{},[18,162266,785],{},[18,162268,85593],{}," unpack the tuple into separate variables",[14,162271,162272,162273,29],{},"If tuple unpacking feels unfamiliar, it may help to first practice ",[294,162274,69686],{"href":69685},[41,162276,162278],{"id":162277},"what-happens-when-lengths-are-different","What happens when lengths are different",[14,162280,162281,162283],{},[18,162282,64392],{}," stops at the shortest iterable.",[14,162285,162286],{},"That means extra items in longer iterables are ignored.",[46,162288,162290],{"className":48,"code":162289,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[18,162291,162292,162333,162349,162353,162377],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,162293,162294,162296,162298,162300,162302,162304,162306,162308,162310,162312,162314,162316,162318,162320,162322,162324,162326,162329,162331],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,162295,5281],{"class":902},[55,162297,906],{"class":703},[55,162299,909],{"class":65},[55,162301,126],{"class":109},[55,162303,12925],{"class":129},[55,162305,126],{"class":109},[55,162307,163],{"class":65},[55,162309,793],{"class":109},[55,162311,36001],{"class":129},[55,162313,126],{"class":109},[55,162315,163],{"class":65},[55,162317,793],{"class":109},[55,162319,36010],{"class":129},[55,162321,126],{"class":109},[55,162323,163],{"class":65},[55,162325,793],{"class":109},[55,162327,162328],{"class":129},"Dan",[55,162330,126],{"class":109},[55,162332,924],{"class":65},[55,162334,162335,162337,162339,162341,162343,162345,162347],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,162336,5350],{"class":902},[55,162338,906],{"class":703},[55,162340,909],{"class":65},[55,162342,13548],{"class":75},[55,162344,163],{"class":65},[55,162346,13553],{"class":75},[55,162348,924],{"class":65},[55,162350,162351],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,162352,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,162354,162355,162357,162359,162361,162363,162365,162367,162369,162371,162373,162375],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,162356,6236],{"class":1193},[55,162358,36052],{"class":902},[55,162360,163],{"class":65},[55,162362,5392],{"class":902},[55,162364,4168],{"class":1193},[55,162366,161648],{"class":61},[55,162368,66],{"class":65},[55,162370,5325],{"class":318},[55,162372,163],{"class":65},[55,162374,5397],{"class":318},[55,162376,1480],{"class":65},[55,162378,162379,162381,162383,162385,162387,162389],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,162380,1204],{"class":61},[55,162382,66],{"class":65},[55,162384,785],{"class":318},[55,162386,163],{"class":65},[55,162388,130936],{"class":318},[55,162390,322],{"class":65},[14,162392,281],{},[46,162394,162396],{"className":48,"code":162395,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"Ana 90\nBen 85\n",[18,162397,162398,162404],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,162399,162400,162402],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,162401,133955],{"class":902},[55,162403,33193],{"class":75},[55,162405,162406,162408],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,162407,161690],{"class":902},[55,162409,33198],{"class":75},[14,162411,2591,162412,4679,162415,162418],{},[18,162413,162414],{},"\"Cara\"",[18,162416,162417],{},"\"Dan\""," are not used.",[14,162420,162421],{},"This behavior is often helpful, but it can also hide mistakes. If you expected all items to be paired, check the lengths first:",[46,162423,162425],{"className":48,"code":162424,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nprint(len(names), len(scores))\n",[18,162426,162427,162467,162483,162487],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,162428,162429,162431,162433,162435,162437,162439,162441,162443,162445,162447,162449,162451,162453,162455,162457,162459,162461,162463,162465],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,162430,5281],{"class":902},[55,162432,906],{"class":703},[55,162434,909],{"class":65},[55,162436,126],{"class":109},[55,162438,12925],{"class":129},[55,162440,126],{"class":109},[55,162442,163],{"class":65},[55,162444,793],{"class":109},[55,162446,36001],{"class":129},[55,162448,126],{"class":109},[55,162450,163],{"class":65},[55,162452,793],{"class":109},[55,162454,36010],{"class":129},[55,162456,126],{"class":109},[55,162458,163],{"class":65},[55,162460,793],{"class":109},[55,162462,162328],{"class":129},[55,162464,126],{"class":109},[55,162466,924],{"class":65},[55,162468,162469,162471,162473,162475,162477,162479,162481],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,162470,5350],{"class":902},[55,162472,906],{"class":703},[55,162474,909],{"class":65},[55,162476,13548],{"class":75},[55,162478,163],{"class":65},[55,162480,13553],{"class":75},[55,162482,924],{"class":65},[55,162484,162485],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,162486,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,162488,162489,162491,162493,162495,162497,162499,162501,162503,162505,162507],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,162490,62],{"class":61},[55,162492,66],{"class":65},[55,162494,11202],{"class":61},[55,162496,66],{"class":65},[55,162498,5325],{"class":318},[55,162500,9270],{"class":65},[55,162502,38449],{"class":61},[55,162504,66],{"class":65},[55,162506,16437],{"class":318},[55,162508,79],{"class":65},[14,162510,281],{},[46,162512,162514],{"className":48,"code":162513,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"4 2\n",[18,162515,162516],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,162517,162518,162520],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,162519,2807],{"class":75},[55,162521,45656],{"class":75},[14,162523,162524,162525,29],{},"If missing pairs are unexpected, compare the lengths before using ",[18,162526,64392],{},[41,162528,92184,162530,162532],{"id":162529},"converting-zip-output",[18,162531,64392],{}," output",[14,162534,29116,162535,162537],{},[18,162536,64392],{}," returns a zip object, you often need to convert it.",[889,162539,212,162541],{"id":162540},"use-listzip",[18,162542,162543],{},"list(zip(...))",[14,162545,162546],{},"This is the easiest way to see all pairs at once.",[46,162548,162550],{"className":48,"code":162549,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[18,162551,162552,162584,162604,162608,162630],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,162553,162554,162556,162558,162560,162562,162564,162566,162568,162570,162572,162574,162576,162578,162580,162582],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,162555,5281],{"class":902},[55,162557,906],{"class":703},[55,162559,909],{"class":65},[55,162561,126],{"class":109},[55,162563,12925],{"class":129},[55,162565,126],{"class":109},[55,162567,163],{"class":65},[55,162569,793],{"class":109},[55,162571,36001],{"class":129},[55,162573,126],{"class":109},[55,162575,163],{"class":65},[55,162577,793],{"class":109},[55,162579,36010],{"class":129},[55,162581,126],{"class":109},[55,162583,924],{"class":65},[55,162585,162586,162588,162590,162592,162594,162596,162598,162600,162602],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,162587,5350],{"class":902},[55,162589,906],{"class":703},[55,162591,909],{"class":65},[55,162593,13548],{"class":75},[55,162595,163],{"class":65},[55,162597,13553],{"class":75},[55,162599,163],{"class":65},[55,162601,28975],{"class":75},[55,162603,924],{"class":65},[55,162605,162606],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,162607,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,162609,162610,162612,162614,162616,162618,162620,162622,162624,162626,162628],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,162611,9252],{"class":902},[55,162613,906],{"class":703},[55,162615,22612],{"class":69},[55,162617,66],{"class":65},[55,162619,64462],{"class":61},[55,162621,66],{"class":65},[55,162623,5325],{"class":318},[55,162625,163],{"class":65},[55,162627,5397],{"class":318},[55,162629,79],{"class":65},[55,162631,162632,162634,162636,162638],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,162633,62],{"class":61},[55,162635,66],{"class":65},[55,162637,9299],{"class":318},[55,162639,322],{"class":65},[14,162641,281],{},[46,162643,162645],{"className":48,"code":162644,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85), ('Cara', 88)]\n",[18,162646,162647],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,162648,162649,162651,162653,162655,162657,162659,162661,162663,162665,162667,162669,162671,162673,162675,162677,162679,162681,162683,162685,162687,162689],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,162650,21792],{"class":65},[55,162652,1923],{"class":109},[55,162654,12925],{"class":129},[55,162656,1923],{"class":109},[55,162658,163],{"class":65},[55,162660,19949],{"class":75},[55,162662,9270],{"class":65},[55,162664,9273],{"class":65},[55,162666,1923],{"class":109},[55,162668,36001],{"class":129},[55,162670,1923],{"class":109},[55,162672,163],{"class":65},[55,162674,13553],{"class":75},[55,162676,9270],{"class":65},[55,162678,9273],{"class":65},[55,162680,1923],{"class":109},[55,162682,36010],{"class":129},[55,162684,1923],{"class":109},[55,162686,163],{"class":65},[55,162688,28975],{"class":75},[55,162690,9286],{"class":65},[889,162692,212,162694],{"id":162693},"use-dictzipkeys-values",[18,162695,162696],{},"dict(zip(keys, values))",[14,162698,162699],{},"This is a common way to build a dictionary.",[46,162701,162703],{"className":48,"code":162702,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nvalues = [\"Ana\", 25, \"Lima\"]\n\nperson = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(person)\n",[18,162704,162705,162737,162765,162769,162791],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,162706,162707,162709,162711,162713,162715,162717,162719,162721,162723,162725,162727,162729,162731,162733,162735],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,162708,17291],{"class":902},[55,162710,906],{"class":703},[55,162712,909],{"class":65},[55,162714,126],{"class":109},[55,162716,785],{"class":129},[55,162718,126],{"class":109},[55,162720,163],{"class":65},[55,162722,793],{"class":109},[55,162724,9336],{"class":129},[55,162726,126],{"class":109},[55,162728,163],{"class":65},[55,162730,793],{"class":109},[55,162732,10447],{"class":129},[55,162734,126],{"class":109},[55,162736,924],{"class":65},[55,162738,162739,162741,162743,162745,162747,162749,162751,162753,162755,162757,162759,162761,162763],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,162740,4110],{"class":902},[55,162742,906],{"class":703},[55,162744,909],{"class":65},[55,162746,126],{"class":109},[55,162748,12925],{"class":129},[55,162750,126],{"class":109},[55,162752,163],{"class":65},[55,162754,9343],{"class":75},[55,162756,163],{"class":65},[55,162758,793],{"class":109},[55,162760,16079],{"class":129},[55,162762,126],{"class":109},[55,162764,924],{"class":65},[55,162766,162767],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,162768,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,162770,162771,162773,162775,162777,162779,162781,162783,162785,162787,162789],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,162772,13250],{"class":902},[55,162774,906],{"class":703},[55,162776,9207],{"class":69},[55,162778,66],{"class":65},[55,162780,64462],{"class":61},[55,162782,66],{"class":65},[55,162784,16972],{"class":318},[55,162786,163],{"class":65},[55,162788,4171],{"class":318},[55,162790,79],{"class":65},[55,162792,162793,162795,162797,162799],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,162794,62],{"class":61},[55,162796,66],{"class":65},[55,162798,17356],{"class":318},[55,162800,322],{"class":65},[14,162802,281],{},[46,162804,162806],{"className":48,"code":162805,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[18,162807,162808],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,162809,162810,162812,162814,162816,162818,162820,162822,162824,162826,162828,162830,162832,162834,162836,162838,162840,162842,162844,162846,162848,162850,162852,162854],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,162811,9315],{"class":65},[55,162813,1923],{"class":109},[55,162815,785],{"class":129},[55,162817,1923],{"class":109},[55,162819,790],{"class":65},[55,162821,1918],{"class":109},[55,162823,12925],{"class":129},[55,162825,1923],{"class":109},[55,162827,163],{"class":65},[55,162829,1918],{"class":109},[55,162831,9336],{"class":129},[55,162833,1923],{"class":109},[55,162835,790],{"class":65},[55,162837,9343],{"class":75},[55,162839,163],{"class":65},[55,162841,1918],{"class":109},[55,162843,10447],{"class":129},[55,162845,1923],{"class":109},[55,162847,790],{"class":65},[55,162849,1918],{"class":109},[55,162851,16079],{"class":129},[55,162853,1923],{"class":109},[55,162855,9346],{"class":65},[14,162857,162858,162859,29],{},"If you want more dictionary examples, see ",[294,162860,31143],{"href":31142},[889,162862,162864],{"id":162863},"a-zip-object-is-consumed-after-use","A zip object is consumed after use",[14,162866,162867],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After you loop over it once, it is exhausted.",[46,162869,162871],{"className":48,"code":162870,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = zip(names, scores)\n\nprint(list(pairs))\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[18,162872,162873,162897,162913,162917,162935,162939,162953],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,162874,162875,162877,162879,162881,162883,162885,162887,162889,162891,162893,162895],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,162876,5281],{"class":902},[55,162878,906],{"class":703},[55,162880,909],{"class":65},[55,162882,126],{"class":109},[55,162884,12925],{"class":129},[55,162886,126],{"class":109},[55,162888,163],{"class":65},[55,162890,793],{"class":109},[55,162892,36001],{"class":129},[55,162894,126],{"class":109},[55,162896,924],{"class":65},[55,162898,162899,162901,162903,162905,162907,162909,162911],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,162900,5350],{"class":902},[55,162902,906],{"class":703},[55,162904,909],{"class":65},[55,162906,13548],{"class":75},[55,162908,163],{"class":65},[55,162910,13553],{"class":75},[55,162912,924],{"class":65},[55,162914,162915],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,162916,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,162918,162919,162921,162923,162925,162927,162929,162931,162933],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,162920,9252],{"class":902},[55,162922,906],{"class":703},[55,162924,161648],{"class":61},[55,162926,66],{"class":65},[55,162928,5325],{"class":318},[55,162930,163],{"class":65},[55,162932,5397],{"class":318},[55,162934,322],{"class":65},[55,162936,162937],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,162938,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,162940,162941,162943,162945,162947,162949,162951],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,162942,62],{"class":61},[55,162944,66],{"class":65},[55,162946,1229],{"class":69},[55,162948,66],{"class":65},[55,162950,9299],{"class":318},[55,162952,79],{"class":65},[55,162954,162955,162957,162959,162961,162963,162965],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,162956,62],{"class":61},[55,162958,66],{"class":65},[55,162960,1229],{"class":69},[55,162962,66],{"class":65},[55,162964,9299],{"class":318},[55,162966,79],{"class":65},[14,162968,281],{},[46,162970,162972],{"className":48,"code":162971,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n[]\n",[18,162973,162974,163004],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,162975,162976,162978,162980,162982,162984,162986,162988,162990,162992,162994,162996,162998,163000,163002],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,162977,21792],{"class":65},[55,162979,1923],{"class":109},[55,162981,12925],{"class":129},[55,162983,1923],{"class":109},[55,162985,163],{"class":65},[55,162987,19949],{"class":75},[55,162989,9270],{"class":65},[55,162991,9273],{"class":65},[55,162993,1923],{"class":109},[55,162995,36001],{"class":129},[55,162997,1923],{"class":109},[55,162999,163],{"class":65},[55,163001,13553],{"class":75},[55,163003,9286],{"class":65},[55,163005,163006],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,163007,38360],{"class":65},[14,163009,163010],{},"If you need the data again, convert it to a list first or create a new zip object.",[14,163012,163013,163014,29],{},"For a deeper explanation, see ",[294,163015,5423],{"href":5867},[41,163017,41110],{"id":41109},[14,163019,163020,163021,29],{},"Here are some simple ways beginners use ",[18,163022,64392],{},[889,163024,163026],{"id":163025},"loop-through-names-and-scores-together","Loop through names and scores together",[46,163028,163030],{"className":48,"code":163029,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name}: {score}\")\n",[18,163031,163032,163064,163084,163088,163112],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,163033,163034,163036,163038,163040,163042,163044,163046,163048,163050,163052,163054,163056,163058,163060,163062],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,163035,5281],{"class":902},[55,163037,906],{"class":703},[55,163039,909],{"class":65},[55,163041,126],{"class":109},[55,163043,12925],{"class":129},[55,163045,126],{"class":109},[55,163047,163],{"class":65},[55,163049,793],{"class":109},[55,163051,36001],{"class":129},[55,163053,126],{"class":109},[55,163055,163],{"class":65},[55,163057,793],{"class":109},[55,163059,36010],{"class":129},[55,163061,126],{"class":109},[55,163063,924],{"class":65},[55,163065,163066,163068,163070,163072,163074,163076,163078,163080,163082],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,163067,5350],{"class":902},[55,163069,906],{"class":703},[55,163071,909],{"class":65},[55,163073,13548],{"class":75},[55,163075,163],{"class":65},[55,163077,13553],{"class":75},[55,163079,163],{"class":65},[55,163081,28975],{"class":75},[55,163083,924],{"class":65},[55,163085,163086],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,163087,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,163089,163090,163092,163094,163096,163098,163100,163102,163104,163106,163108,163110],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,163091,6236],{"class":1193},[55,163093,36052],{"class":902},[55,163095,163],{"class":65},[55,163097,5392],{"class":902},[55,163099,4168],{"class":1193},[55,163101,161648],{"class":61},[55,163103,66],{"class":65},[55,163105,5325],{"class":318},[55,163107,163],{"class":65},[55,163109,5397],{"class":318},[55,163111,1480],{"class":65},[55,163113,163114,163116,163118,163120,163122,163124,163126,163128,163130,163132,163134,163136,163138],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,163115,1204],{"class":61},[55,163117,66],{"class":65},[55,163119,22346],{"class":1914},[55,163121,126],{"class":129},[55,163123,9315],{"class":75},[55,163125,785],{"class":318},[55,163127,22355],{"class":75},[55,163129,22358],{"class":129},[55,163131,9315],{"class":75},[55,163133,85593],{"class":318},[55,163135,22355],{"class":75},[55,163137,126],{"class":129},[55,163139,322],{"class":65},[889,163141,163143],{"id":163142},"combine-keys-and-values-into-a-dictionary","Combine keys and values into a dictionary",[46,163145,163147],{"className":48,"code":163146,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"keys = [\"id\", \"name\", \"active\"]\nvalues = [101, \"Ana\", True]\n\ndata = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(data)\n",[18,163148,163149,163181,163205,163209,163231],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,163150,163151,163153,163155,163157,163159,163161,163163,163165,163167,163169,163171,163173,163175,163177,163179],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,163152,17291],{"class":902},[55,163154,906],{"class":703},[55,163156,909],{"class":65},[55,163158,126],{"class":109},[55,163160,12693],{"class":129},[55,163162,126],{"class":109},[55,163164,163],{"class":65},[55,163166,793],{"class":109},[55,163168,785],{"class":129},[55,163170,126],{"class":109},[55,163172,163],{"class":65},[55,163174,793],{"class":109},[55,163176,15869],{"class":129},[55,163178,126],{"class":109},[55,163180,924],{"class":65},[55,163182,163183,163185,163187,163189,163191,163193,163195,163197,163199,163201,163203],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,163184,4110],{"class":902},[55,163186,906],{"class":703},[55,163188,909],{"class":65},[55,163190,46659],{"class":75},[55,163192,163],{"class":65},[55,163194,793],{"class":109},[55,163196,12925],{"class":129},[55,163198,126],{"class":109},[55,163200,163],{"class":65},[55,163202,4202],{"class":187},[55,163204,924],{"class":65},[55,163206,163207],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,163208,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,163210,163211,163213,163215,163217,163219,163221,163223,163225,163227,163229],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,163212,9202],{"class":902},[55,163214,906],{"class":703},[55,163216,9207],{"class":69},[55,163218,66],{"class":65},[55,163220,64462],{"class":61},[55,163222,66],{"class":65},[55,163224,16972],{"class":318},[55,163226,163],{"class":65},[55,163228,4171],{"class":318},[55,163230,79],{"class":65},[55,163232,163233,163235,163237,163239],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,163234,62],{"class":61},[55,163236,66],{"class":65},[55,163238,9241],{"class":318},[55,163240,322],{"class":65},[889,163242,163244],{"id":163243},"compare-two-lists-item-by-item","Compare two lists item by item",[46,163246,163248],{"className":48,"code":163247,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"list1 = [10, 20, 30]\nlist2 = [10, 25, 30]\n\nfor a, b in zip(list1, list2):\n    print(a == b)\n",[18,163249,163250,163270,163290,163294,163319],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,163251,163252,163254,163256,163258,163260,163262,163264,163266,163268],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,163253,80731],{"class":902},[55,163255,906],{"class":703},[55,163257,909],{"class":65},[55,163259,376],{"class":75},[55,163261,163],{"class":65},[55,163263,916],{"class":75},[55,163265,163],{"class":65},[55,163267,921],{"class":75},[55,163269,924],{"class":65},[55,163271,163272,163274,163276,163278,163280,163282,163284,163286,163288],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,163273,80752],{"class":902},[55,163275,906],{"class":703},[55,163277,909],{"class":65},[55,163279,376],{"class":75},[55,163281,163],{"class":65},[55,163283,9343],{"class":75},[55,163285,163],{"class":65},[55,163287,921],{"class":75},[55,163289,924],{"class":65},[55,163291,163292],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,163293,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,163295,163296,163298,163300,163302,163305,163307,163309,163311,163313,163315,163317],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,163297,6236],{"class":1193},[55,163299,56958],{"class":902},[55,163301,163],{"class":65},[55,163303,163304],{"class":902}," b ",[55,163306,4168],{"class":1193},[55,163308,161648],{"class":61},[55,163310,66],{"class":65},[55,163312,111823],{"class":318},[55,163314,163],{"class":65},[55,163316,80795],{"class":318},[55,163318,1480],{"class":65},[55,163320,163321,163323,163325,163327,163329,163331],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,163322,1204],{"class":61},[55,163324,66],{"class":65},[55,163326,2857],{"class":318},[55,163328,1673],{"class":703},[55,163330,2862],{"class":318},[55,163332,322],{"class":65},[14,163334,281],{},[46,163336,163338],{"className":48,"code":163337,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"True\nFalse\nTrue\n",[18,163339,163340,163344,163348],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,163341,163342],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,163343,193],{"class":187},[55,163345,163346],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,163347,188],{"class":187},[55,163349,163350],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,163351,193],{"class":187},[889,163353,163355],{"id":163354},"print-related-values-in-the-same-loop","Print related values in the same loop",[46,163357,163359],{"className":48,"code":163358,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"products = [\"Book\", \"Pen\", \"Bag\"]\nprices = [12.5, 1.2, 25.0]\n\nfor product, price in zip(products, prices):\n    print(f\"{product} costs ${price}\")\n",[18,163360,163361,163396,163419,163423,163450],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,163362,163363,163366,163368,163370,163372,163374,163376,163378,163380,163383,163385,163387,163389,163392,163394],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,163364,163365],{"class":902},"products ",[55,163367,906],{"class":703},[55,163369,909],{"class":65},[55,163371,126],{"class":109},[55,163373,25194],{"class":129},[55,163375,126],{"class":109},[55,163377,163],{"class":65},[55,163379,793],{"class":109},[55,163381,163382],{"class":129},"Pen",[55,163384,126],{"class":109},[55,163386,163],{"class":65},[55,163388,793],{"class":109},[55,163390,163391],{"class":129},"Bag",[55,163393,126],{"class":109},[55,163395,924],{"class":65},[55,163397,163398,163400,163402,163404,163407,163409,163412,163414,163417],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,163399,83121],{"class":902},[55,163401,906],{"class":703},[55,163403,909],{"class":65},[55,163405,163406],{"class":75},"12.5",[55,163408,163],{"class":65},[55,163410,163411],{"class":75}," 1.2",[55,163413,163],{"class":65},[55,163415,163416],{"class":75}," 25.0",[55,163418,924],{"class":65},[55,163420,163421],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,163422,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,163424,163425,163427,163429,163431,163434,163436,163438,163440,163443,163445,163448],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,163426,6236],{"class":1193},[55,163428,25255],{"class":902},[55,163430,163],{"class":65},[55,163432,163433],{"class":902}," price ",[55,163435,4168],{"class":1193},[55,163437,161648],{"class":61},[55,163439,66],{"class":65},[55,163441,163442],{"class":318},"products",[55,163444,163],{"class":65},[55,163446,163447],{"class":318}," prices",[55,163449,1480],{"class":65},[55,163451,163452,163454,163456,163458,163460,163462,163464,163466,163469,163471,163473,163475,163477],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,163453,1204],{"class":61},[55,163455,66],{"class":65},[55,163457,22346],{"class":1914},[55,163459,126],{"class":129},[55,163461,9315],{"class":75},[55,163463,27063],{"class":318},[55,163465,22355],{"class":75},[55,163467,163468],{"class":129}," costs $",[55,163470,9315],{"class":75},[55,163472,25203],{"class":318},[55,163474,22355],{"class":75},[55,163476,126],{"class":129},[55,163478,322],{"class":65},[14,163480,36663,163481,29],{},[294,163482,163484],{"href":163483},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-zip-in-python\u002F","how to use zip in Python",[41,163486,163488,163489],{"id":163487},"common-mistakes-with-zip","Common mistakes with ",[18,163490,64392],{},[889,163492,1595,163494,163496],{"id":163493},"expecting-zip-to-keep-going-to-the-longest-iterable",[18,163495,64392],{}," to keep going to the longest iterable",[14,163498,163499,163501],{},[18,163500,64392],{}," does not do that. It stops at the shortest iterable.",[14,163503,163504],{},"If values seem to be missing, compare the lengths:",[46,163506,163508],{"className":48,"code":163507,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"print(len(list1), len(list2))\n",[18,163509,163510],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,163511,163512,163514,163516,163518,163520,163522,163524,163526,163528,163530],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,163513,62],{"class":61},[55,163515,66],{"class":65},[55,163517,11202],{"class":61},[55,163519,66],{"class":65},[55,163521,111823],{"class":318},[55,163523,9270],{"class":65},[55,163525,38449],{"class":61},[55,163527,66],{"class":65},[55,163529,81018],{"class":318},[55,163531,79],{"class":65},[889,163533,163535],{"id":163534},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-zip-object-after-looping-once","Trying to reuse the same zip object after looping once",[14,163537,68909],{},[46,163539,163541],{"className":48,"code":163540,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"pairs = zip([1, 2], [\"a\", \"b\"])\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n",[18,163542,163543,163579,163583,163596,163606,163610,163622],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,163544,163545,163547,163549,163551,163553,163555,163557,163559,163561,163563,163565,163567,163569,163571,163573,163575,163577],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,163546,9252],{"class":902},[55,163548,906],{"class":703},[55,163550,161648],{"class":61},[55,163552,158],{"class":65},[55,163554,93],{"class":75},[55,163556,163],{"class":65},[55,163558,166],{"class":75},[55,163560,18112],{"class":65},[55,163562,909],{"class":65},[55,163564,126],{"class":109},[55,163566,294],{"class":129},[55,163568,126],{"class":109},[55,163570,163],{"class":65},[55,163572,793],{"class":109},[55,163574,5046],{"class":129},[55,163576,126],{"class":109},[55,163578,4174],{"class":65},[55,163580,163581],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,163582,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,163584,163585,163587,163589,163591,163594],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,163586,6236],{"class":1193},[55,163588,6239],{"class":902},[55,163590,4168],{"class":1193},[55,163592,163593],{"class":902}," pairs",[55,163595,1199],{"class":65},[55,163597,163598,163600,163602,163604],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,163599,1204],{"class":61},[55,163601,66],{"class":65},[55,163603,23363],{"class":318},[55,163605,322],{"class":65},[55,163607,163608],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,163609,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,163611,163612,163614,163616,163618,163620],{"class":57,"line":149},[55,163613,6236],{"class":1193},[55,163615,6239],{"class":902},[55,163617,4168],{"class":1193},[55,163619,163593],{"class":902},[55,163621,1199],{"class":65},[55,163623,163624,163626,163628,163630],{"class":57,"line":565},[55,163625,1204],{"class":61},[55,163627,66],{"class":65},[55,163629,23363],{"class":318},[55,163631,322],{"class":65},[14,163633,163634],{},"The second loop prints nothing because the zip object has already been used.",[889,163636,163638],{"id":163637},"forgetting-to-unpack-tuple-values-in-a-loop","Forgetting to unpack tuple values in a loop",[14,163640,163641],{},"This is correct:",[46,163643,163645],{"className":48,"code":163644,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[18,163646,163647,163671,163687,163691,163715],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,163648,163649,163651,163653,163655,163657,163659,163661,163663,163665,163667,163669],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,163650,5281],{"class":902},[55,163652,906],{"class":703},[55,163654,909],{"class":65},[55,163656,126],{"class":109},[55,163658,12925],{"class":129},[55,163660,126],{"class":109},[55,163662,163],{"class":65},[55,163664,793],{"class":109},[55,163666,36001],{"class":129},[55,163668,126],{"class":109},[55,163670,924],{"class":65},[55,163672,163673,163675,163677,163679,163681,163683,163685],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,163674,5350],{"class":902},[55,163676,906],{"class":703},[55,163678,909],{"class":65},[55,163680,13548],{"class":75},[55,163682,163],{"class":65},[55,163684,13553],{"class":75},[55,163686,924],{"class":65},[55,163688,163689],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,163690,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,163692,163693,163695,163697,163699,163701,163703,163705,163707,163709,163711,163713],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,163694,6236],{"class":1193},[55,163696,36052],{"class":902},[55,163698,163],{"class":65},[55,163700,5392],{"class":902},[55,163702,4168],{"class":1193},[55,163704,161648],{"class":61},[55,163706,66],{"class":65},[55,163708,5325],{"class":318},[55,163710,163],{"class":65},[55,163712,5397],{"class":318},[55,163714,1480],{"class":65},[55,163716,163717,163719,163721,163723,163725,163727],{"class":57,"line":137},[55,163718,1204],{"class":61},[55,163720,66],{"class":65},[55,163722,785],{"class":318},[55,163724,163],{"class":65},[55,163726,130936],{"class":318},[55,163728,322],{"class":65},[14,163730,163731],{},"If you use only one variable, you get the whole tuple:",[46,163733,163735],{"className":48,"code":163734,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"for item in zip(names, scores):\n    print(item)\n",[18,163736,163737,163757],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,163738,163739,163741,163743,163745,163747,163749,163751,163753,163755],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,163740,6236],{"class":1193},[55,163742,6239],{"class":902},[55,163744,4168],{"class":1193},[55,163746,161648],{"class":61},[55,163748,66],{"class":65},[55,163750,5325],{"class":318},[55,163752,163],{"class":65},[55,163754,5397],{"class":318},[55,163756,1480],{"class":65},[55,163758,163759,163761,163763,163765],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,163760,1204],{"class":61},[55,163762,66],{"class":65},[55,163764,23363],{"class":318},[55,163766,322],{"class":65},[14,163768,281],{},[46,163770,163772],{"className":48,"code":163771,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},"('Ana', 90)\n('Ben', 85)\n",[18,163773,163774,163790],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,163775,163776,163778,163780,163782,163784,163786,163788],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,163777,66],{"class":65},[55,163779,1923],{"class":109},[55,163781,12925],{"class":129},[55,163783,1923],{"class":109},[55,163785,163],{"class":65},[55,163787,19949],{"class":75},[55,163789,322],{"class":65},[55,163791,163792,163794,163796,163798,163800,163802,163804],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,163793,66],{"class":65},[55,163795,1923],{"class":109},[55,163797,36001],{"class":129},[55,163799,1923],{"class":109},[55,163801,163],{"class":65},[55,163803,13553],{"class":75},[55,163805,322],{"class":65},[14,163807,163808],{},"Both forms are valid, but they do different things.",[889,163810,1556,163812,163814,163815],{"id":163811},"using-zip-when-you-actually-need-indexes-with-enumerate",[18,163813,64392],{}," when you actually need indexes with ",[18,163816,35809],{},[14,163818,212,163819,163821],{},[18,163820,64392],{}," when you want values from multiple iterables.",[14,163823,212,163824,163826],{},[18,163825,35809],{}," when you need a counter or index.",[46,163828,163829],{"className":48,"code":35978,"language":50,"meta":51,"style":51},[18,163830,163831,163863,163867,163887],{"__ignoreMap":51},[55,163832,163833,163835,163837,163839,163841,163843,163845,163847,163849,163851,163853,163855,163857,163859,163861],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,163834,5281],{"class":902},[55,163836,906],{"class":703},[55,163838,909],{"class":65},[55,163840,126],{"class":109},[55,163842,12925],{"class":129},[55,163844,126],{"class":109},[55,163846,163],{"class":65},[55,163848,793],{"class":109},[55,163850,36001],{"class":129},[55,163852,126],{"class":109},[55,163854,163],{"class":65},[55,163856,793],{"class":109},[55,163858,36010],{"class":129},[55,163860,126],{"class":109},[55,163862,924],{"class":65},[55,163864,163865],{"class":57,"line":82},[55,163866,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[55,163868,163869,163871,163873,163875,163877,163879,163881,163883,163885],{"class":57,"line":98},[55,163870,6236],{"class":1193},[55,163872,35881],{"class":902},[55,163874,163],{"class":65},[55,163876,36029],{"class":902},[55,163878,4168],{"class":1193},[55,163880,35891],{"class":61},[55,163882,66],{"class":65},[55,163884,5325],{"class":318},[55,163886,1480],{"class":65},[55,163888,163889,163891,163893,163895,163897,163899],{"class":57,"line":115},[55,163890,1204],{"class":61},[55,163892,66],{"class":65},[55,163894,35906],{"class":318},[55,163896,163],{"class":65},[55,163898,36052],{"class":318},[55,163900,322],{"class":65},[14,163902,163903,163904,29],{},"If that pattern is what you need, read ",[294,163905,3871,163906,3804],{"href":92096},[18,163907,35809],{},[41,163909,2139],{"id":2138},[889,163911,5429,163913,5432],{"id":163912},"what-does-zip-return-in-python",[18,163914,64392],{},[14,163916,163917],{},"It returns a zip object, which is an iterator that produces tuples of matched items.",[889,163919,12748,163921,163923],{"id":163920},"does-zip-work-with-different-lengths",[18,163922,64392],{}," work with different lengths?",[14,163925,163926],{},"Yes, but it stops when the shortest iterable runs out of items.",[889,163928,163930,163931,2794],{"id":163929},"how-do-i-see-the-values-from-zip","How do I see the values from ",[18,163932,64392],{},[14,163934,163935,163936,29],{},"Loop over it or convert it with ",[18,163937,162543],{},[889,163939,163941,163942,2794],{"id":163940},"can-i-make-a-dictionary-with-zip","Can I make a dictionary with ",[18,163943,64392],{},[14,163945,128301,163946,163948],{},[18,163947,162696],{}," when one iterable has keys and the other has values.",[889,163950,163952],{"id":163951},"why-is-my-zip-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my zip object empty the second time?",[14,163954,163955],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After it has been used once, it is exhausted.",[41,163957,2193],{"id":2192},[240,163959,163960,163965,163971,163975,163979],{},[243,163961,163962],{},[294,163963,163964],{"href":163483},"How to use zip in Python",[243,163966,163967],{},[294,163968,3871,163969,3804],{"href":92096},[18,163970,35809],{},[243,163972,163973],{},[294,163974,5503],{"href":5867},[243,163976,163977],{},[294,163978,69762],{"href":69685},[243,163980,163981],{},[294,163982,32317],{"href":31142},[2226,163984,163985],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":51,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":163987},[163988,163989,163991,163992,163993,163994,164002,164008,164017,164028],{"id":2307,"depth":82,"text":2308},{"id":161707,"depth":82,"text":163990},"What zip() does",{"id":2459,"depth":82,"text":2460},{"id":162100,"depth":82,"text":162101},{"id":162277,"depth":82,"text":162278},{"id":162529,"depth":82,"text":163995,"children":163996},"Converting zip() output",[163997,163999,164001],{"id":162540,"depth":98,"text":163998},"Use list(zip(...))",{"id":162693,"depth":98,"text":164000},"Use dict(zip(keys, values))",{"id":162863,"depth":98,"text":162864},{"id":41109,"depth":82,"text":41110,"children":164003},[164004,164005,164006,164007],{"id":163025,"depth":98,"text":163026},{"id":163142,"depth":98,"text":163143},{"id":163243,"depth":98,"text":163244},{"id":163354,"depth":98,"text":163355},{"id":163487,"depth":82,"text":164009,"children":164010},"Common mistakes with zip()",[164011,164013,164014,164015],{"id":163493,"depth":98,"text":164012},"Expecting zip() to keep going to the longest iterable",{"id":163534,"depth":98,"text":163535},{"id":163637,"depth":98,"text":163638},{"id":163811,"depth":98,"text":164016},"Using zip() when you actually need indexes with enumerate()",{"id":2138,"depth":82,"text":2139,"children":164018},[164019,164021,164023,164025,164027],{"id":163912,"depth":98,"text":164020},"What does zip() return in Python?",{"id":163920,"depth":98,"text":164022},"Does zip() work with different lengths?",{"id":163929,"depth":98,"text":164024},"How do I see the values from zip()?",{"id":163940,"depth":98,"text":164026},"Can I make a dictionary with zip()?",{"id":163951,"depth":98,"text":163952},{"id":2192,"depth":82,"text":2193},"Master python zip function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained",{"title":161549,"description":164029},"reference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained","ZunBvxBXnO_OOhvHVmM9GY-KSTXZ7twigdvzrnPWr4U",1776944980054]